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editorialhave you met yourselfuntitledessaytomorrow is yesterdayrainwritingcommunicatinginterviewphoto essaymea culpathe year of the peoplethe ideal of the universitywoodstock nationchristopher and the green blobthe time of a lifein march, a lifetime agowolfethe conception10 .0.c. jan, 2, 1067tar river at floodadvertisementsphotography creditsfrederick sorensencharles griffinrobert thonenfrederick sorensenf. wayne morganfrederick sorensenfrederick sorensenjames daysid morris, jr.albert pertalionwilliam r. dayjohn fultonwilliam r. daylyn colcordthomas n. walterseileen barnumthomas n. waltersrita anne kornrita anne kornfrederick sorensen

GON@h Te Rod KetnerArt and Design Editor. Bob S. Morris, Jr.Associate Editor John Fultonpusinets Manager 2 Kelly AlmondGoby EGiGl 2 Bev DennyFooy EditQe 0 a Glenn TettertonReviews EQNGE: 2 William R. DayTypist and Correspondence Director = Jennifer SalingerExchange and Subscriptions Director ___- Jan HarrisPublicity Diretiee Pamela Van SlykeAGVisOr Ovid Williams PierceStaff: Lynn Ayers, Yona Creech, Al Fuller, Steve Harrison, Charles Mock,Barbara Taychert, Bob Thonen, Stuart White.The Rebel is a student publication of East Carolina University. Offices arelocated on the campus at 215 Wright Annex. Inquiries and contributionsshould be directed to P. O. Box 2486, Greenville, North Carolina 27834.Copyright 1969, East Carolina University Student Government Association.None of the materials herein may be used or reproduced in any mannerwhatsoever without written permission. Subscription per year, $6.00.

oe*.2 ~ e: * a- a | : S *8 *'* : °oeao nek Goch : ._ ea& "Our multisociety has entangled itself in a monumental pile of noncommunication. We have contributed individually to the confusionby adjusting our lives to the instant-reaction concept of our electronic lords: television, radio, computers, movies, and even stoplights, toname only a few. We have accepted the media of mass communication as entities in themselves, not as technological servants. We respectthe media. It les beyond our presence of mind to question anything we are told by it or to try to understand with any more perceptionthan absolutely necessary. Our lords have so trained us.Our problem: we are equating our ointeraction� with communications media to interaction with people. It doesnTt work. A mediumTsmessage cannot be affected by our response, be it positive or negative. The message, by definition of its carrier, is objective and cannot bealtered or affected by the listener.We have subconsciously chained ourselves to this idea of nonresponse so that our relationships with people have moulded to the sameform. The Form dictates that all actions result from the same motives. It says oIf you donTt understand a person, then assume enoughabout what he says to sufficiently satisfy yourself.� It says, oDonTt show your ignorance"you may embarrass yourself.� It says, oKeepyour social habits instead of acting naturally while talking to someone"he may get the wrong idea.� It says, oDonTt look past the superficia]to the basic"you may see something that disturbs you.�The Form pervades our subconscious. ItTs called the Electronic Age. Like it or not, The Form will continue to isolate us from eachother so that soon we will merely be living machines, following punch-card patterns of behavior. Interhuman communication will soon bedead. What are we going to do about it?

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adIf we speakthen let us speak with tonguesBRirelmeemelae(eielireThe language of a time belongs to thosethat are of that timeand thisIs the age of aquariusthe day of mass feelAnd men shall take what is and bend it intonow |and lips will caress an electric loveWhile visions scan across, the screen -~~ and life becomescool ==

And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dweltthere.And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them throughly. And they had brick for stone, andslime had they for mortar.And they said, Go to, let us build us a city and a tower, whose top may reach unto heaven; and let us make us aname, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.And the Lord came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of men builded.And the Lord said, Behold, the people is one, and they have all one language; and this they begin to do; and nownothing will be restrained from them, which they have imagined to do.Go to, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one anotherTs speech.So the Lord scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the city.Therefore is the name of it called Babel because the Lord did there confound the language of all the earth: and fromthence did the Lord scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth.Genesis, Chapter 11, Verses 1-9

E WAVE ENTEREDTHE AGE OFELECTRIC JANTODAY MANKIND IS ENGAGED IN A STRUGGLETO REBUILD THE BIBLICAL TOWER OF BABELDrastic things are happening all around us.Confusion, indecision, and revolution seemto permeate the very air we breathe. Some-thing is taking place within our minds, butwhat?

Since the genesis of Western civil-ization when the lonic Greeks aban-doned their archaic religious stateand developed the phonetic alpha-bet, it has been necessary for West-ern man to put his thoughts in termsof concepts before he could use thesystem effectively. Until relativelyrecently, communication has largelyconsisted of either spoken or writ-ten words made up of charactersfrom the basic phonetic alphabet oftwenty-six letters. As expanding ver-tical communication increased ourreliance upon the written phoneticword as a means of communication,our patterns of sequential thinkingwere increased. The development ofthe printing press greatly magnifiedthe effect by eventually leading tocommon literacy.For at least twelve years of theirlives, most individuals are trained tothink in conceptual thought patternscreated by different languages ofcommunication derived from the useof phonetic alphabets. The writerhas an idea or concept and writesit down in a logical, orderly manner.The reader is supposed to receiveexactly what the writer thinks, as ifhe himself were the writer.The invention of electronic massmedia, television in particular, hasintroduced Man to a way of thoughtformerly available only through artforms, syllabaries, and other suchmedia: perceptual communication.A person receives an image, not aconcept. He relies on his own sensesto interpret the meaning of the idearepresented by the image.For example, the word o~eastTT isa conceptual term in the Englishlanguage. Unless it is used in poetry,it is designed to be used in a linearor sequential connection with otherwords in a logical manner. It is notdesigned to be used alone. TheChinese character for east,is a combination of their word forsun and tree.BhThe literal meaning of the char-acters Is thus, ~o~sun seen throughthe trees,TT the equivalent of ouroeast.�Obviously, the Chinese ideogramcarries a much more profound per-ceptual meaning than the Englishword. Where the Chinese ideogramrepresents an idea in terms of sen-sual perception, the English wordrepresents this same idea in termsof sterile conception.Poetry is an attempt to presentperceptions rather than conceptions10and the result lacks precisenesswhen viewed through the window ofconceptual logic. As a consequence,poetry is not a conceptionally effi-cient form of communication. Forinstance, a math problem could notbe explained through means of apoem. Poetry is, however, muchmore efficient at communicating thenon-conceptual thoughts of feelingsand emotion.Electronic communications arenow creating a severe conflict ofthought patterns in Western Man.TodayTs younger generation seem tobe having more violent problems incommunicating with the older gen-erations than previous youth haveever had. Because of constant ex-posure to perceptual communica-tions, todayTs youth want to ~o~per-ceiveT for themselves instead ofplaying the observer's role of receiv-ing the conception of someoneelseTs perceptions.TodayTs youth want to participatedirectly and to become involved.They feel tremendously constrictedby the continual pressure to merelyobserve. They are the first genera-tion to be raised under the watchfuleye of the television tube and aredisplaying the massive effect it hashad upon them. They are not satis-fied with the concept of a rule or abehaviorial requisite. They want toknow why they are told to do some-

thing; they want to perceive and feelthe situations that caused the rea-sons for the ruleTs existence. Unlessthey can relate the reasons directlyto themselves, they disregard theruleTs existence, and violenceerupts.The effects of electronic com-munications are not limited to youth.However, the perceptual thoughtpatterns thus generated are pickedup much more easily by them be-cause they do not have to removeconceptual thought patterns first.Countries such as Russia which havenot had a chance to become as high-ly literate as the United States arealso finding it easier to adjust toelectronic communications.The ocredibility gapTT which theAmerican government is experienc-ing reflects the struggle of the ~~con-ceptual-versus-perceptualTT conflicton a young and old basis alike.Americans are finding it increasinglydifficult to relate to or to be in com-munication with the ambiguity ofthe governmental bureaucracy whenit opposes the much more percep-tual images of youth in revolt orother active image appearing on thetelevision screen, regardless of theopinions of the viewer. This is pri-marily because for them, the govern-ment exists on a conceptual ratherthan a perceptual basis. It demandsreceptive passivity and refuses ac-tive function.Another problem that govern-ments are having as a result of thisconflict is evident when for somereason the government would rathernot have the general public to beaware of some particular set of cir-cumstances, the instantaneous, glo-bal quality of electronic communica-tions makes it possible for the view-er to operceive� things happeningwhich do not agree with the govern-mentTs publicly conceptualized pro-paganda regarding the event. Someform of censoring that which thepublic is permitted to view will benecessary if governments are tomaintain the opinions which they de-sire the viewing public to have.Vice-President Agnew has drama-tically shown what can be accom-plished by creating a diversionaryfocus of perceptive attention regard-ing the American people. Additionalinfluence was afforded Agnew whenhe capitalized upon the perhapssubconscious fears we have of thedrastic changes in thought pro-cesses that television is creatingwithin us. By using electronic mediaas the focus of blame for the mas-sive dissent in the United States, heused television, a perceptual com-munication, to attack the ~~percep-tualnessTT of that communication.Exactly how electronic communi-cations are affecting changes inthought processes is extremely diffi-11cult to determine. Marshall Mc-Luhan, perhaps the foremost expertin the field of communications to-day, has written several books con-sisting primarily of a series of~probesT designed to explore pos-sibilities. In a recent telephone con-versation with this writer he de-scribed several rather startling prob-abilities.He stated that because of the lessliterate aspects of the South, it willsoon assume the vanguard of leader-ship of the United States because ofthe greater malleability to percep-tual communication of less literatepeople.Electronic communication " willeventually tribalize society and turnthe world into a ~~global village.TT Wewill be much more aware of our na-tural environment. This will reachsuch extremes as experiencing gen-eral disgust with pollution and a re-surgence of Puritanism.We will be faced with large scaledivergences of opinion, anarchy,and the loss of governmental man-date.The more literate North will befaced with a massive racial bloodbath within the next three years.Finally, he stated that in the verynear future, society will be spendingthe major part of the national bud-get on headhunting, as the govern-ment comes to realize that in order

to have the control it wants over theminds of the public, it must resortto stronger and stronger forms oftotalitarianism.McLuhan bases the major rea-sons for his predictions on the ignor-ance of the American people regard-ing the changes now taking placewithin our minds.Rebuilding the Tower of Babelpromises to be a difficult proposi-tion to accept or to even recognize,but the foundations are even nowbeing laid. The Western lifestyle isfading as fast as the structure of theTower reaches skyward. We canonly wonder if Western Man will sur-vive the gradual disappearance ofhis way of life.Bob ThonenIs14LSKG17181g)20Zl2223242S)26

TomorrowIs\\ | YUrsierday aTomorrow is yesterday : Headlights peering through the fogSome folks believe Illuminate the slanting rain,All that will be like comets flashing through the sky;Once was Fiery balls with streaming tails,All that is to come Rushing and swarming headlong,Has already been Exploding, quickly wiped away:i believe A futile attempt to create a placeHistory Of permanence amid the constant change.Is a spiralSome of whatWas yesterdayWill come againSome of whatWill be tomorrowHas been

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James Day, president of National EducationalTelevision, is trying to find a new role for publictelevision. He in an innovator rather than a copierof the ~~tried and true.�TCommunications is DayTs life. He has worked forNBC, Occupational Forces Radio in Japan, RadioFree Asia, and managed a television station in SanFrancisco for 16 years.While evaluating the dilemma of todayTs televisionwith one eye, Day gazes into the media of tomorrowwith the other.15

WHAT IS THE PHILOSOPHY OF NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL TELE-VISION (NET)?My own philosophy is that public television is a state of mind.We hope for the same degree of professionalism that is char-acteristic of commercial television. But the commercial televisionsystem is an economic system which dictates that popularity mustbe the first criterion. It must reach the most people. | think publictelevision should put quality as the primary criterion.Popularity should not be disregarded, but it should not be putnumber one in the scale of values. My hope is that quality would bean attraction in itself. For instance, when | speak of quality | donTtmean long-haired music in the older sense. Bach versus the Beatles"both are quality. The Beatles as the best of their breed would bea sufficient justification for placing them with Bach.| don~t mean quality in a snobbish sense. ItTs the best of whateveryou do, if itTs humor, pop music, or whatever. Quality ought to bethe first criterion. Each of us has an unserved area that can beappealed to and | would hope public television would do this.WHAT DO THE THREE MAJOR NETWORKS USE AS CRITERIA FORAIRING A PROGRAM? ~JULIAT? FOR INSTANCE, IS NOT ABOUT ABLACK WOMAN AT ALL BUT ABOUT A WHITE MIDDLE-CLASSWOMAN WITH BLACK SKIN...The fare on commercial television is largely fantasy. ~~JuliaTT isfantasy. She is not a real person. Most of the fiction is fantasywhether it is space fantasy, spy fantasy, or whatever. ThatTs badenough in itself but most of the people who appear on televisionare not real people. Even most of the newscasters arenTt real peo-ple. TheyTre plastic; theyTre two-dimensional. They may have cappedteeth, a toupee, and a blazer with the station emblem on it. TheyhavenTt been mixed up in the news; theyTre news readers.Where are the beautiful people, the people with whom you canrelate? They almost never appear on commercial television unlesstheyTre on guest spots on someone elseTs program. Public televisionought to deal with reality in the sense of having real people on whoare not always beautiful in the physical sense.YOU MENTIONED THE WORD o~FANTASY.�T MOST OF THE TELE-VISION SHOWS ARE FANTASY AND GIVE THE ACTORS A QUALITYTHAT VIEWERS LIKE. ARE THESE PROGRAMS SO POPULARBECAUSE THE AMERICAN PUBLIC DOES NOT WANT TO FACEREALITY?| am very hesitant to generalize on the American people. | donTtknow to what extent they have been given the opportunity on tele-vision of dealing with reality. You speculated that the American peo-ple may not want to face reality. The reality | am speaking of is notonly harsh reality in the sense that America is in real danger today,:ibut also the joyous reality to which young people attach themselves.ThereTs a real joy to reality as well as a starkness and | think publictelevision should deal with both. Real people are a joy.| think reality can be joyous; | think reality can be entertaining;| think reality can be exhilarating. It is not a matter of coming homeat night and saying, ~~lTm not going to turn that television set on topublic television or educational television. ITm just too tired.TT Well,tiredness has nothing to do with it. You know? The way to overcometiredness is to engage in something else that is exhilarating: think-ing.DO YOU THINK TELEVISION WILL EVER INCORPORATE FEED-BACK?Technically, lots of things can be done which wonTt be done.ThereTs no economic pressure for feedback. The thing that interestsme about this is the speculation.

This television generation is acutely aware of things because oftelevision and radio. Suddenly youTre put in touch with the wholeworld. If the Congo blows up today you know about it today. Butunlike a hundred years ago, you have no way of responding to it.Edwin R. Murrow said some years ago that television is almost aninsulation from reality. While things grow worse"and in fact theyare growing worse"weTre insulated by a cushion of fantasy.WHAT HAS TELEVISION DONE TO IMPROVE COMMUNICATION?| think that public television is at its best when it tends to provokeconversation. It is a good show if you can watch it for an hour, haveto turn it off, and want to talk about what youTve seen. ThatTs good.But itTs rare; it almost never happens on television.DO YOU FEEL THAT TELEVISION HAS A SOCIAL RESPONSIBIL-ITY?Yes, it does and in some cases it discharges this social respons-ibility with magnificent news coverage. But it is a business and itTsoperated on essentially business principles.The British did a study in 1962 called the Pilkinton Report. Agroup of distinguished citizens did the study which set forth thesocial responsibility of television in Great Britain. As far as | know,America has never undertaken such a study. Now this study becamevirtually law, that is to say, it became the basis for law. Broadcast-ing in America grew almost uncontrolled to what it is today. Publictelevision here has been underfed in some respects and underled,too.HAS ANYTHING SIMILAR TO A o~HEADSTARTTT PROGRAM BEENATTEMPTED ON PUBLIC TELEVISION?We have one now that appears to be a real sensation! Done bythe ex-producer of ~~Captain Kangaroo,�T itTs called ~~Sesame Street,TTand it is shown five days a week in color. It incorporates all the17known techniques of commercial television.ItTs designed primarily for pre-school ghetto youngsters to preparethem to benefit from their education. It has the Muppets, some ofthe liveliest animation you're likely to see anywhere.ItTs the first real attempt to use all we have learned from com-mercial television in a program that is designed primarily to educate.HAS IT BEEN SUCCESSFUL?In the ratings, something we never use, itTs outdrawing ~~CaptainKangaroo.�T ThatTs a great success. So we will see if this is the be-ginning of something new.There are some who will argue against using the kinds of tech-niques for education that we are using, but obviously if you are go-ing to reach ghetto youngsters, you have to use entertainment tocatch their attention. The big job is to get their attention first. Weare now convinced that it can be done.WHAT TYPE OF PROGRAMMING DO YOU FEEL IS MOST FITTINGFOR TELEVISION?ThatTs a very hard question to answer, and of course is the heartof the problem we face here. We are doing on NET what | think arethe outstanding documentaries being done on television today.ThereTs only one thing wrong with them"people arenTt watchingthem.The reason ITm in public television is that | hope to affect people,either to move them toward solutions to problems on the one handor to make life deeper, richer, and more meaningful on the other.HOW CAN THIS BE DONE?One way is through other people. We can relate with someone onthe screen who fascinates us, interests us, intrigues us. We needmore of these kinds of people on the screen"young people whohave not had a chance to be heard and older people who are never

heard in that context. They may be on ~~Meet The PressTT but neveron a regular basis. It may be the only way of reaching a large num-ber of people.It may well be that more people are affected by a three-minutebit on ~o~Laugh InT�T than all the documentaries that we do on publictelevision. Laughter may be a way in which people can be reached.WHAT WOULD YOU PREDICT TO BE THE NEXT MAJOR CHANGEIN TELEVISION FORMAT?We started an experimental project about two years ago basedupon the feeling that virtually everything in television today is de-rivative of other art forms. Drama really is staged on a stage andtelevision cameras pick it up. It is modified for television studiosbut the television studio is a stage. News is really radio with pic-tures. Music is a concert hall performance.But the question is: how can television draw a creative talentunless it is a medium within its own right? A playwright would ratherwrite for the stage than for television for the simple reason that hecan say more on the stage than on TV because TV goes into peopleTshomes.So we got five artists-in-residence for a year and had them playwith television. Out of it came a concept called ~~video space.TT Letme explain. When you think of producing a television program youthink of a space which is the studio, but in video space you think ofa space which is the screen itself. It doesnTt need a studio. Second-ly, it has to do with the manipulation of the system itself; itTs elec-tronic. You canTt visualize it and thereTs no way | can tell you whatit looks like visually. The closest thing to it perhaps is a light show,but the colors are created inside the system. The camera need notbe focused on anything. You can manipulate the electricity to getimages and colors out of the system.18This is what | see happening to television: itTs going to look verydifferent than it does today. There will be a great deal in it thatyounger people as they grow older will understand and respond to.ItTs going to be electronic.IS THERE ANY WAY TO GET AROUND THE FACT THAT TELE-VISION DOES NOT TREAT THE VIEWER AS A MATURE ADULT?No, not under the present system which is based upon popularityby ratings. The most popular programs are the ones which give somesupport to the basis that we are not all adults and are not preparedfor adult programming. Many of the programs that have been reason-ably adult have failed in commercial television; they have not reach-ed a large enough audience to justify their existence.WHAT EFFECT HAS TELEVISION HAD SPECIFICALLY UPONYOUNG PEOPLE?| have absolutely no doubt that television has a profound influenceupon young people, the television generation, those of you who havegrown up completely within the age of television. | am inclined toagree with what McLuhan argues in this respect that it does makedifferent people of you. | think your way of perceiving the world isundoubtedly influenced by television in a way that is beyond me.You tend to see things in a mosaic rather than in linear waves.| think the all around sensorium, the desire to be surrounded bysensation, is the predominance of feeling over rationality.THE ELECTRONIC AGE HAS OBVIOUSLY CHANGED OUR LIVESRADICALLY. WHERE IS THE ELECTRONIC AGE TAKING US?A number of things might happen. If television generally continuesunabated along its present course it may lead us to one of the worstdisasters that we could possibly face: we will all grow bored withliving. | think boredom is one of the real dangers that lie ahead.

One of my arguments against most of television is that it gives adistorted picture of life, two-dimensional and shallow.When | say that television may lead us to ultimate boredom, it iseasy to be cynical and obviously, as | have indicated, there is anawful lot of television today | donTt care for. The best thing to do isturn the set off and do something else, in fact do anything ratherthan sitting slack-jawed and glassy-eyed and looking passive.19

_ _. MEA itie CULPA "oWhat are you going to say to her?� FosterTswife asked.oI donTt know,� Foster answered.oAre you going to answer the letter?�U Yes.oI mean, are you going to answer it now? Iknow you will eventually write to her,� she per-sisted.oYes, dammit, ITm going to write to her. To-night. January the third. Sometime between 10: 30and midnight.�She didnTt reply. She turned and left the livingroom, quickly and coolly enough to make it clearthat he had been wrong to snap at her, and thatshe intended to hold it against him for awhile.Foster brooded over the letter he had receivedfrom his mother. He hadnTt called her long dis- i}tance on Christmas day, and she had written a |long, weepy letter explaining how she had waitedall day through phone calls from all her otherchildren until the oone phone call she had waitedfor never came.�17 18 1g) 20 Zl 22 ZS 24 2S) 26

Foster mostly ignored his mother. He told himself often enoughthat he loved her, but in his stinginess he added that he loved herbecause she was his mother. Furthermore, he secretly believedthat if the person who was his mother wasnTt his mother, hewouldnTt like her at all.Southern Baptist religion and her children had been the focalpoints of FosterTs mother for most of her adult life. She believedin and swore by them both. But when her children had come ofage and sloughed off the church, they essentially sloughed offtheir mother too. So immersed was she in the Southern Baptistdogma, that she felt it a sin not to constantly try to regain herchildren for the church.Love her or not, Foster didnTt like to write letters and he didnTtlike to make phone calls. Letters to his mother were little morethan weather reports or medical reports on his children. After thefirst hellos, the phone calls were the same as the letters, onlymore strained.He wondered if his anger over her letters was because he act-ually felt guilty for not calling his mother, or because she wasonce again with meek persistence forcing him to show love forher on her own terms.oFoster?� his wife called from somewhere beyond the hall.oYes?� he answered.oFoster.�oWhat?� he answered with more volume.Silence. Having shouted his name, she would never shout themessage.oWhat do you want?� he hollered, irritation tingling all overhim.Silence.oShit!� he said to himself as he got up and went to see whatshe wanted.oCome kiss Cynthia goodnight,� she said as he walked intohis daughterTs bedroom. :oGoodnight, Sugar Bear,� he said to his daughter.oGoomah plee nuh mee mawk,� she said as he kissed her.oWhen will she learn to talk?� he asked his wife in mock im-patience. oSheTs already eighteen months old.�oShut the door on your way out so I can get her to sleep.�Foster didnTt miss the clipped answer. It was a technique hiswife had copyrighted. It told him his humor wasnTt appreciated27since he had snapped at her earlier in the evening. It told him hehad longer to wait for forgiveness.He shrugged to himself and went back to the letter he hadstarted.Dear Mother,No doubt there are some persons who can correlatephone calls with love. You seem to correlate the twowith no trouble. However, I personally see no con-nection.When I question my love for someone, the answer Icome up with is never a phone call, or letter, or a pre-sent, or any of those things.It would seem to me that my love for you is an abso-lute or constant you could always take for granted, anassertion which needs no proof.Foster re-read what he had written in his first flush of irritation.Since kissing his daughter goodnight, his mood had changed andhe crumpled up the letter.oNo, dammit,� he said to himself and tried to uncrumple theletter. oIf I donTt follow through on this letter, sheTll force meinto phoning or writing a bleeding hearts apology for not callingon Christmas.�He continued the letter on the wrinkled paper.And anyway, Mother, if you equate phone calls withlove, why didnTt you call me? Why must love flow in onedirection? If this love/phone call bit is real, then youshould have popped out of bed on Christmas day andphoned me and the rest of your unforgetting siblings.oChrist,� he said, and crumpled up the letter again.oYou tacky bastard. Why donTt you call your mother?� Hewondered, along with everything else, if he should be talking tohimself so much.oSheTs just trying to hang the guilt on my neck.�oWell, she must be doing it or you wouldnTt be so mad abouta silly phone call.�oDonTt be so self-righteous. I allow other people their way.Why canTt they allow me mine?�oYouTre so wonderfully objective and open-minded. You makeme sick.�oMy trouble is that I can see attractive things on both sidesof the argument.�

SEESener a seersSeei:oYour trouble is that you canTt take a stand.�oLook, ITll call her. Why not? Why hurt an old woman merelyfor the sake of pride? That kind of pride is childish.�oYou donTt think her demands are mature, do you?�oNo, but why should two persons be immature because of oneadolescent action?oVery big of you. YouTre rationalizing away the fact that sheTsstronger than you, that sheTs using your phoney maturity andguilt to get you to call her.�oI donTt give a shit! I'll call her anyway.�He got up and started for the phone. oITm going to telephoneMother,� he called to his wife. oDo you want to say hello?�Silence again.oNow where the hell did she go?� he asked aloud.oTTm in bed. Will you please be quiet? YouTll wake the kids.�oYou didnTt tell me goodnight. I didnTt know you were in bed,�he answered defensively, allowing a wee bit of aggression to slipinto his voice. He was beginning to feel bullied.oGoodnight,� she clipped again.He flushed at the dismissal and closed the bedroom door.His phone call to his mother was unsuccessful. Her patentedmelancholy and excessive forgiveness of his guilt easily nailed himto a cross of her own choosing and he too quickly promised towrite and phone more often, a promise they both knew would bethe occasion of more guilt since it was sure to be broken.If FosterTs phone call was unsuccessful from his point of view,it was a bloodless coup for his mother. She said goodbye bypromising to pray for GodTs forgiveness when her son came backto the church.He walked around the quiet house, agitated and not ready forbed. Impulsively, he made himself a sandwich and opened a beer.When he had finished the sandwich and beer, he ate a small jarof olives and drank a cup of tea. Finally he bathed, shaved, andwent to bed.He couldnTt sleep. He mentally rewrote about ten ex post factoletters to his mother. He couldnTt relax. He squirmed and turned,trying to do it without waking his wife.oWill you be still?� she said, her back to him.He expelled a long sigh.He knew that if he made no apologetic overture of some kindfor snapping at her, they would spend the next several days com-28municating through grunts and monosyllables. A spoken apologywould be too much. She would suspect gratuity and remain cool.He offered to rub her back.oWhy not?� he thought to himself. Besides, he felt the faintnudge of the curse of Adam.She didnTt answer, but she didnTt stop him.It took ages before she relaxed under his rubbing. So long thathe had grown sleepy and indifferent to his desire. But her relaxa-tion was tinctured with anticipation, so he moved over to her.She didnTt really get involved, merely accepted him, and heruninvolvement kept him dispassionate. His dispassion allowedhim to carry her almost mechanically through three levels ofsatisfaction and she lapsed into a cozy sleep, still in his arms.Foster remained awake.Under her weight his arms started to ache after about an hourand with a great effort he moved his wife to her pillow. His armhad fallen asleep and it tingled and stung when the blood startedto flow again.Foster was dozing off when he heard his daughter start to cryin the next room. He faked sleep so his wife would get up to seeabout the child.The crying increased and he knew his wife was sleeping toosoundly to hear. She had actually awakened at the first cry butrealizing that Foster wasnTt sleeping, she hadnTt moved.He got up, slipped on his robe, and eased into his daughterTsbedroom. She was pointing to the dresser drawer and quietlycrying. Two days ago they had taken away her pacifiers and putthem into the drawer. Foster picked up his daughter and saidsoftly, oNo, no, Sweetie. No pacifier.�She doubled her crying and pointed at the drawer again.Foster sank into the rocker and started to hum and rock.oShhhhhhh; shhhhhhhh,� he insisted quietly.oYahhhhhhh; yahhhhhhbh,� she wailed louder and louder, point-ing to the only comfort left in the world.oShhhhhhh; shhhhhhh,� he pleaded, rocking more vigorously.oYahhhhhhh; Yahhhhhhh,� again louder.oOK, OK, OK,� he said as he moved to the drawer and extract-ed a worn Binky.Her crying trailed off when he popped the pacifier into hermouth. She rested her head on his shoulder and started to relax.When her breathing was regular and rhythmic and ten minutes

had passed since her last sniff-sniffing, he gently put her back intoher crib and covered her with her blanket.Foster tip-toed back to bed and judged the time to be about4: 30; it was actually 2:10.He had a great temptation to think that he had brought com-fort to three women on that January the third and just beforehe fell asleep, Foster almost believed it.Albert Pertalion29

30The Year of the People by Eugene J. McCarthy(Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday and Co., Inc., 323 pp., $6.95)Disgruntled sports fans of American politics salivated whenthey heard of the new book by Gene McCarthy on his 1968presidential campaign. And it is a sumptuous new book: a sym-bolic dove on the cover, catchy chapter headings, and a carefullyedited appendix. Seven bucks plus tax.People, for some reason, are rarely objective on the subject ofMcCarthy. Was he the proverbial white knight (divested ofsword and lance), or a tool of the New Left? The answer liessmoldering somewhere between these two extremes, but TheYear of the People brings a notoriously ignorant public some-what closer to the truth.The contest for the Democratic presidential nomination turnedinto a rigged rat race, and left a lot of people disillusioned anddisappointed. In this book Senator McCarthy attempts to dispelsome of the disillusion which came his way by a lengthy presenta-tion of his own political philosophy. Palatable stuff to mostreaders, but not when it is used to justify and banish the inevit-able misjudgements made during the campaign.The Year of the People succeeds in producing a measure ofsympathy for the Senator which is difficult to suppress. At timeshe had to maintain two conflicting roles. One was the professionalpolitician, who must get out in the garden and grub for votes.The other was a poet, guided by a morality and a sensitivitysadly unique among politicians. The Year of the People makes itperfectly obvious that Eugene McCarthy is a happier man recall-ing poems along the Maine Turnpike than juggling and scramb-ling for delegate votes inside a barbed wire fortress.Switching off between these two views, The Year of the Peoplechugs along and trails off. Methodical and dry when SenatorMcCarthy is speaking, but strangely whimsical and perceptivewhen Poet McCarthy pipes up. The book presents no conclusions,nor does it pretend to. ItTs an explanation of an unsuccessfulquest for the presidential nomination, unsuccessful because inthe end Eugene McCarthy was defeated by the totally unre-sponsive system he had dedicated himself to reform.William R. Day

The Ideal of the University by Robert Paul Wolff(Boston: Beacon Press, 156 pp., $5.95)Is a university a place to gain an education or is it a place toget a degree? Are the two compatible? Does a university fail if astudent drops out, or does it succeed if he decides that educationis not for him? What is a university?Robert Paul Wolff is a professor of philosophy at ColumbiaUniversity. He wrote this book after ColumbiaTs student riotof a few seasons ago. He has co-authored another book with NewLeftist Herbert Marcuse of San Diego State. So watch out, rightwingers, this isnTt your kind of book.Wolff is not convinced that American education is working.He sees too many students struggling in high school for grades toget into that ocollege of their choice,� then struggling four moreyears for the grades necessary to get into graduate school. Andthen their youth is gone. Suddenly they are one of NixonTs oMid-dle Americans� before they have ever had a chance to find theiridentity.Grades to Wolff mean nothing; they are merely a convenientway by which society and the deans of admission categorize eachyearTs batch of graduates. Wolff suggests that grades and degreesshould be abolished. Then each man would be judged as he is,not as he appears on paper. But Wolff is a practical man andacknowledges that with America as it is, such suggestions aremeaningless. He states, oOnly a social revolution of the mostfar-reaching sort could free education from the twin curses ofevaluation and ranking.�Among many others, Wolff makes these two positive and prac-tical suggestions: First, destroy the multiversity. Establish sep-arate schools for the sciences, the technologies, and the socialservices. Leave the traditional disciplines free to recreate theuniversity. He makes this suggestion because he sees criticismas one of the important functions of the university. A university31which relies upon governmental grants for social and scientificresearch cannot offer criticism without endangering those grants.With the onational security� departments on their own, thetraditional disciplines could fulfill their historic and importantfunction as critics.Second, abolish the dissertation in favor of a doctorate sansdissertation. America could then have the professors that it needswithout subjecting them to the ritual of psuedo-research. TheUnited States produces thousands of Ph.D.Ts every year. It isimpossible for each of them to make an ooriginal� contributionto the body of knowledge without resorting to writing tomes onscarcely consequential matters. Recently Yale University appar-ently came to the same conclusion. That school has created theMaster of Philosophy degree"a degree requiring all of the doc-torate course work without the dissertation.Wolff's book was written to provoke thought. It succeeds. Readit"itTs about your life, your university"your rat race.John FultonWoodstock Nation by Abbie Hoffman(New York: Vintage Books, 153 pp., $2.95)Meet Abbie Hoffman, by self-admission oegotistical, horny,show-off, and Yippie non-leader.� In great need of money forhis Chicago conspiracy trial, he sat down and in five days cameup with Woodstock Nation, a book so full of contradictions thatit completely resists evaluation by traditional methods.Plot? None at all. Characters? Leading man Abbie Hoffmanhimself, supported by a cast of lesser figures including John Sin-clair, Richard Nixon, Woodstock Ventures, and many more.Setting? Amerika 1969, divided into Pig Nation (them) andWoodstock Nation (us). ItTs as simple as that.Abbie is this, Abbie is that; Abbie is the Tom Paine of his ownrevolution. He flits like Mandrake the magician through an un-

cmreal world of H.U.A.C. hearings, Pentagon marches, street battles,and music festivals goofing on everyone in sight. He nominateda pig for President, asked a Congressman if he could go to thebathroom, and dumped money on the New York Stock Exchange.These were events designed to dramatize various absurdities byuse of even greater absurdities.So Abbie went to Woodstock, the biggest of the biggies, to setup a hospital and spread the cultural revolution to 400,000 po-tential revolutionaries. His only problem was that very few peo-ple came to dig Abbie Hoffman"they came to dig the music.When he got up on stage to harangue the crowd, Peter Townsendof The Who broke a guitar on AbbieTs acid-tripping head andplanted a firm kick in his backside.Woodstock Nation is a kick in anyoneTs backside, even afterthe outrageous clowning. At times Abbie lets loose a few semi-profound statements, like this one: oThe revolution is more thandigging rock or turning on. The revolution is about coming to-gether in a struggle for change . . . the old system is dying allaround us and we joyously come out into the streets to danceon its grave.� Abbie Hoffman wonTt be dancing on its grave"he'll be turning cartwheels naked on the tombstone chanting theHare Krishna backwards at Spiro Agnew.William R. Day14LS181g)20Zl2223242S)26

Lom®>&Christopher And The Green BlobEarly Saturday morning"itTs test-patterntime on channel five.Christopher comes, wrapped in the oldblue electric blanket with the plugs cut off.He sees what Friday night has done to theliving room: the marks along the wall arelike stains ringing a bowl. And the bowl isfull! He stiffens his nose.Then Christopher makes the televisionbright and settles against the stained cush-ions of the sofa. Friday night " Saturdaymorning; whatTs the difference?Always a window is open. And there isChristopher inside the blue blanket shakingwith cold. And colder with fear when thegreen begins.Now he sees a trickle at the draperyTsedge; it expands into a swelling mass thatmoves like footsteps and sounds like whist-ling wind. It ascends the wall, the closeddoor; it forces beyond the cracks and takes

the house, the whole house inch-by-dreadful-inch.Only the eyes of Christopher are steady. He sees clearlywhat The Green Blob is.That first night of his awareness to it he had slippedfrom bed, dragging the blue blanket, and stood limply inthe hall. He saw and heard, or believed he saw and heard,humped figures singing and rolling and striking the wall.The singing, Christopher thought, was funny " funnystrange like the pitched laugh-scream of caged monkeys.A zoo smell, too, reminded him of the strong turnip-juicepools the dirty fox stood in. And someone whose tonguestuck out like the plank on the edge of a pirate ship cough-ed and splashed his blue blanket.Christopher remembered the smoke, a thick green un-movable fog that blotted the lights and made him feel cold,so cold. A bad day-nursery dream, he thought.So Christopher cried.Then arms quickly lifted him, and the blue blanket wastucked about him by hands with a touch that was familiarbut which he could not recognize.Someone soothed him with a voice that was familiar butwhich he could not recognize.oThere Baby, itTs all right. Dent watch. Dont evenlisten. Sleep, Christopher, sleep.�TBut he didnTt.And always a window is open. And there is Christophershaking.A door slams down the hallway. A toilet flushes. This isChristopherTs cue. With the blue blanket wrapped abouthim like a protective cape, he hops across the floor to thetelevision and presses the channel selector.Now when Mama or Daddy or whoever steps into theliving room there will be young Christopher awake orasleep, but smiling.He knows the patient little roadrunner has finished thebloody old coyote for another week.Lyn Colcord34=|.

WINSLu|0"=5 WYa =-_ =WW=OiUe.

cm_ In the operatorTs drunken templeTHE TIME OF A LIFE(for William Saroyan)a dream excruciates. The laughing Negro wavesagain to the backyard boy as the train rollsthrough.And the messages get delivered. The deaths andjoys on yellow paper carried in a cap; news fromthe pacific on a reéling bicycle. Stars hang inthe windows; the.boy grows wide: men come and ever go.Sentimental say the critics,i 0) 0) r- (o) 0) aa -\\an da) ce)ey4gme-lame-li(-)ammaelaceliaie)a|(ore) 0} (oie ol-m ale o-180-1 ance) emma -i(-\7-16|than by the heart's edge of a blunt blurterof truth:Just as crazyJust as phonyJust as life

In March, A Lifetime AgoSitting in the speckled shadeBeneath a tree on a battered benchIn the city park at three oTclock| search for an inner solitudeWherein to think unridiculedBy the hectic hysteria of the world.Enwrapped in winterTs last lonely breeze| listen for screeching car wheels to lurch byFor the splashing ducks to chase each otherTo the shores of some enchanted land.Smugly inhaling stale cigarette smokeWhile straining to hear the funeral soundsFrom a radio battery which needs to beReplaced, until an hour has passedAnd the tired sun crawls to rest under a cloudFreeing the lion wind to freeze at its will;And | can do nothing but quietly cryRealizing this sought-after peace is a treatFound only in death, a rare delicacyThat | dare not taste just yet. And nowRetracing my steps in the drizzling rainAnd inwardly smiling, | watch with distainThe illogical world going slowly insane.37

A boy walking university briokwalks,Mind teeming, Jnouth- open.A leaf: the bogks omoldering. ont on 3~ A stone; the smell. of ~citer pages >" Pax.A door: ideas ~and people between the tie vers. -Drool over the delicious JE wets 77% iSZ0h;oniy god Ist listenT to that will O YE a aago Hungry, through. all thieT. o> - ai o*Rutiimn-cabbage patclés of the; world.T -aera Brooklyn� Monk |oe." oracjous Tycotined saint:yy te Ip And lesions. waited in the UneS

&= The Conception~ | conceived her in my mind,the- child. you -never sired.Her*hair,was, long and talesit stripped. the, omoonlight trom the water.Her eyes Were ~pools of évening Mtsang she. seldom smiled| carried herT ~in grave Jaughtand bore her ~with noypaiIt ,was an éasy birth,>"* 7- butTher life it.was not long| must bury herT now in. lilies,

a stllireesTo F.T.C., Jan. 2, 1967| thought of.St. Francis among the birds:when | saw you.The grass was cold and wetunder my feet. =.The rain fell,like a soft igen weddiof silver mist.And | turne and sit-\opthe lace of my mantillastreaming behind me.mixing,gait tears.-==af¥ng veil

Tar River at FloodHigh banks with the waterSnarling at themTrying to tear them downAnd invade the cityBroad brown expanse of swirling stuffEddies boiling to the surfaceWater rushing to the seaThe pulse of the worldSluicing through mighty veinsIn the lowlands seawardThe water will cover the farmlandAnd destroy the corn and tobaccoNature unmindful of manHail rushing down from the cloudsWater rushing wild from the riverOverflowing its banksMen can but flee in fearBefore the oncoming flood

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