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ee ere Paul F. CallawayJohn R. ReynoldsBusiness Manager ............ Skip HuffCo-ordinating Editor ....... Beverly JonesArt and Design Editor ........ Rad Baileyes se Franceine PerryPeery Ee ae Carolyn Griffinmewiews Edtor ... . 2... oss Judy CogginsChief Photographer ........ Walter QuadeExchange and SubscriptionsSe i iS Patience CollieTypist and CorrespondenceSs a ee Cathy NorfleetPublicity Director .......... Keith ParrishCo-ordinating Staff ...... Rod KetnerSteve HubbardRobert McDowellCharles DennyLynn AyersJohn ShermanChuck KalafBill SukJohn FultonNS ey a Ovid Williams PierceThe Rebel® is a student publication of EastCarolina University. Offices are located onthe campus at 215 Wright Annex. Inquiriesand contributions should be directed to P. O.Box 2486, East Carolina University Station,Greenville, North Carolina 27834.PRINTED BY THE GRAPHIC PRESS, INC., RALEIGH, N. C. 27603CallawayContributorsPaul Green, North CarolinaTs Pulitzer Prizewinning dramatist, author of ~~The Lost Col-ony? and ~o~In AbrahamTs Bosom,?T providesone of two featured interviews in this issue.A narration by Green about one of hischildhood friends provides this issueTs shortstory.Robert Morgan, North Carolina State At-torney General and Chairman of the Boardof Trustees of East Carolina Universityspeaks on capital punishment in a featuredinterview.Featured poet for the winter issue of TheRebel is Gale Morgan, an inmate of CaledoniaPrison in Tillery, North Carolina. Morgan hasbeen printed in various magazines, includingThe Rebel.Beverly Jones, Coordinating Editor of theRebel, contributed many hours work to thisissue.Poetry contributors for this issue are LyrilSpence, Claire Pittman, Jean Brown, AnnetteMacRae, and John Sherman.Lastly, The Rebel is fortunate to have hadand sad to lose co-editor Chip Callaway whowas recently elected editor of the studentnewspaper. His work can be found through-out the magazine and will be greatly missed.

Contentsuntitledletters to the editorlegal murderpaul greenpoetrya narrationphotoessayrobert morgansoul on icethe quiet vengeance of wordstheyuntitleddark rider, heartTs desire,man creates, schismthe sacrificethe big manmy slow coursejust after winteruntitledfrom observationssnowjohn d. fultonpfe, bmj, wgsgale freeman morganpaul greenpfe, chn, rrk, rbrrobert medowellannette macraepatsy woffordlyril spenceannette macraeclaire pittmanrod ketnerjohn shermanlinda faye bryantjennifer salingerjean brownchip callaway

Pipes go spinninT round and round| go jumpinT up and downWe're all crazyIt donT matter who you areIt donT matter whoTs your paYou and me.We got a lot of gallBut weTre brothersYou and meWe're brothers| like to use toothpaste in the morningMakes my mouth wanT to go roarinT| like that| use green stuffWhat do you useIts all the sameBut | like mine betterTn yoursWhich proves somethinTWeTre differentBut weTre brothersPipes go spinninT round and round| go my way, you go yoursWe'll see each other when we're thereHurrayoBirds of a feather stick together?TBut those pipes and you and |We're somethinTWe all come from the same damn placeWeTre brothersJohn D. Fulton

Dear REBEL,I was very pleased to see the contributions of Mrs. Pittman and Dr.Sorenson among the offerings of the latest REBEL. To include facultymembersT literary accomplishments among those of students, is, I believe,to move in the right direction toward more faculty-student interaction.In future issues I look forward to seeing more work of ECU faculty.Sincerely,Jane A. WinborneTo the Editors:I donTt know what the rationale behind your Fall REBEL cover was,but to me the picture of an infant lying on the American flag is symbolicof a new and better America where the individual right of conscience willbe assured"an America which will protect and profit from such individualsas C. D. Stout, rather than force them to adhere to such an antiquatedand inhumane system as the draft._The term oselective service? could apply to an ideal system for fillingthe army with soldiers, but it hardly applies to the system used at present.The problem the REBEL presented is not a new one, but your optimistictreatment of it is unique. Good work!(Name Withheld)The views expressed in The Rebel solely reflect the views of the studentwriters and the editors of The Rebel. They do not necessarily reflect themy os : : :: policies of East Carolina University.just at,untitledfrom observatsnow

Dear John, Chip, and Staff,Having been present at the campus vigil for conscience last fall, seeingthe REBELTs photographic essay brought back mixed memories.I wonder how many of those present were aware of the irony of thesituation"I mean, of course, the presence of the counter-demonstratorswho were no doubt sincere in their intention to ostand up for America.?Your photography expressed my own sentiments very well, with thestark clarity that only pictures can sometimes convey. I believe withall my heart that those Americans who deplore the horrors illustrated inthe REBEL are those who are really closest to the ideals cherished by ourfounding fathers.Thank you for saying this so well,J. CampbellDear Sirs:The fall issue of The Rebel has provoked me to write this letter.The entire issue was very good both graphically and editorially. However,I must tell you that the horrible photo-essay on the war in Vietnam wasuncalled for.First of all, you used student money to publish a magazine that expressedan opinion that was not that opinion shared by the majority of studentshere at ECU. And, I never thought that you would do it. You stooped tosensationalism with that horrible picture of the napalm-burned baby withits mother. You know, the Viet Cong use these same type pictures in theirpropaganda war against the US.Again I admire your work in all of the magazine with the exceptionof the photo-essay.Sincerely yours,Julie Gailliardue.

EDITORIAL...LEGAL MURDERNorth CarolinaTs legal system is paradoxical.She has one of the most progresssive systems ofprisoner rehabilitation in the United States, yetshe retains one of the most barbaric legal murdersystems ever devised by man. North Carolinafeels that she is justified in the murder of menwith mutilated minds"men incensed by the alco-hol that the state legally sells"men who aredrugged by the drugs that are legally sold in thestate"men who are temporarily enraged beyondself control.In this issue of the Rebel we examine capitalpunishment in North Carolina. State AttorneyGeneral Robert Morgan provides us with somehumane political ideas on the subject. Paul Green,a Pulitzer Prize winner and noted North Carolinaplayright and author spoke to us about his life-long work trying to rid the statute books of NorthCarolina of the horrible death law.Logical man laughs at the death penalty. It hasbeen practiced since the birth of the Republic andstill it remains on the statute books. The courtshave challenged it time and time again. Countriesnot half so wise and experienced as we in juris-prudence have long ago abolished this insane modeof punishment and prevention.Christ came and changed the law of Moses thatrequired oan eye for an eye and a tooth for atooth.? He said, oDo unto others as you wouldhave them do unto you.? Yet Christians will siton a jury and hand down a death penalty, tempo-rarily disregarding this law of Christ and the lawof God that says, oThou shalt not kill.?Last year there was no legal murder in theUnited States. There were no hangings, gassings,or electrocutions. Maybe this year there will be.Perhaps not, though. For our executionless yearcan be written into law. In North Carolina it isa possibility that next year the state will not haveprovisions for legalized murder. A bill was intro-duced by three North Carolina legislators onMonday, Feb. 17, 1969, that would abolish thedeath penalty while strengthening the parole sys-tem. Hopefully, it will pass.This is not the first time that this law has beenintroduced. For years and years the provision hasbeen introduced by concerned individuals and eachyear the movement has gathered support. But thefact remains that there are human beings at Cen-tral Prison awaiting their Friday when they willbe taken from their cells and murdered for thesake of society.What could be more cruel than this horriblerotting process in the cell? Are we not punishingthe family of the prisoner more than we are pun-ishing him? Are we not committing a heniouscrime against God as well as man?How much is one manTs life worth?Is it worth a dollar or a thousand dollars?Is it worth an idea?Is it worth the life of another man?We must not allow our traditions to be sacro-sanct when we consider the life of a human being.

Paul Green is a humanitarian.His writing and his lifeTs work have illustrated this point time andtime again.For the past forty years, Green has been intensely involved withcapital punishment in North Carolina. He has been instrumentalin the commuting of numerous death sentences, and in one instancehis efforts saved an innocent manTs life.Green received the Pulitzer Prize for drama in 1927 for ~o~InAbrahamTs Bosom? and is the author of ~~The Lost Colony? andnumerous plays, folk tales, poems, and movie scripts.He is the kind of man who makes you believe in life and man-kind " all over again.

PAUL GREENHow close do you think we are to abolitionof capital punishment and through whatchannels can this be done?| think weTll have abolition within a yearor two. Often a very terrible crime can hap-pen and inflame everybody locally but it looksas if the United States Supreme Court is go-ing to take precedence in this action in sucha way that the states will be relieved of anyfinal action. | think that it can be proved thatit is inhuman and contrary to the Constitu-tion. But unless a big accident happens with-in a couple years, | think it will be abolishedthroughout the whole United States.Killing is wrong, itTs just wrong.The subject is one | could talk about for-ever. ItTs cruel, inhuman, wasteful, tragic,blind, final, and | think completely evil, dis-graceful, debauching, and infectious, " hasan evil, infectious nature.No one, whether a private citizen or agroup of citizens known as the state, has theright to play God over the life of any humanbeing, by putting a deliberate end to him"towrite him off as forever unredeemable. In ourhearts we know where there is life, there ishope.LetTs not kill our poor and underprivilegedand ignorant and blind and confused and un-redeemed ones. LetTs educate them. LetTstrain them. Let us help and guide them.Laws? Of course. Sternness? Of course.Justice? Yes, wherever possible. Mercy? Yes,always Mercy.Why are you against capital punishment?In quick summation | am against capitalpunishment because:It outrages the human instincts.Killing begets killing, and a legal murderis still murder and perhaps the more deprav-ed because it is legal.Its example infects the very society it issupposed to cleanse.It is unfairly administered"the poor andignorant being those who suffer death, whilethe rich and politically strong escape.The lingering and rotting process on DeathRow is extremely cruel. Thomas Jefferson de-clared, and it is also written into our basicBill of Rights and Constitution, that excessivepunishment is a crime, and so in this par-ticular case the state does commit a crime"and in so doing ironically becomes a criminal.One of the men now awaiting execution onDeath Row has been there for ten long years.He was first sentenced to die in 1959. Whatinhuman cruelty we have already visited uponhim!It denies the possible reformation of thehuman being concerned.It contradicts and makes a mockery of allreligious contention, and violates the law ofChrist"~~Thou shalt not kill.T?TIt is a negative and irrational approach tothe problem of crime and is contrary to thewhole trend of modern social science.Its cruelty is visited not only on the crim-inal but on the innocent members of his fam-ily"his wife, children, his mother, father,brothers and sisters"and often his love.It is economically wasteful in dollars andcents. In capital crimes the suits and counter-suits, the appeals and denials and hearing,the wear and tear and upkeep cost the statemany times over what the sure just verdictof life imprisonment would cost.What are the arguments for capitalpunishment?The argument goes that capital punish-ment is necessary for its exemplary value,necessary as a warning to others. People aresmothered, hanged, guillotined, strangled,beheaded, shot, drowned, disemboweled anddestroyed in various so-called legal ways indifferent parts of the world to intimidate any-one who might wish to imitate the crime forwhich the punishment is meted out. So the

argument goes. Society contends that it doesnot take revenge. It merely wants to forestallfurther crimes. As Albert Camus says, ~~itwaves the head, as it were, of the actual mur-derer in the air to warn others from such alike judgment and damnation.?T But in puttingcriminals to death, society"the state,"doestake revenge, does practice the old outmodedMosaic law of an eye for an eye, a tooth fora tooth. We remain customTs cruel slave evenso.The truth is that we in North Carolina"and anywhere else in the world where thisterrible evil is practiced"do not really be-lieve in the exemplary, the intimidating powerof capital punishment. If we did, we wouldhave all our executions take place in the mostpublic ways possible"with a big fanfare ofmusic, barkers, and broadside publicity, de-picting the actual occurrence through radio,motion picture and television, giving closeupsof the actual execution. Closeups, yes, of thestruggling, gasping, criminal, aiming thecamera on his pitiful tattoo-beating hands, hisquivering strapped-down legs, all with loudclear sound effects of his violently beatingheart, of the horrified gasps and suckings forbreath of his bursting lungs"as his bodylunges and jerks, muscular spasm after mus-cular spasm, this sometimes lasting for morethan a quarter of an hour, lasting until thisstrangling heart finally gushes full of clottedblood and stops, and he, now a nothing, isone with nothing.Instinctively and in our souls we areashamed of this terrible atrocity we commit.But we still commit it"either through humansadism, waywardness or deadly custom. Andso we hide away these executions behind thegray walls of our prisons with just enoughspectators to fulfill the legal requirements.We are not ashamed enough. We should beso ashamed that we stop it all and at once"and forever.We instinctively are ashamed of the menwho pull the switch or fasten the noose, kickthe drop, or fire the shot or let loose the hiss-ing blade. The hangman or executor neverreceives any congressional medal, nor doesany city vote him the citizen of the year. Andhis children never go about bragging on theirdad and his good work"even though theyare raised on the cruelty of American tele-vision. The poor fellow is an embarrassmenteven to his associates.Raleigh, for instance, has never given anaward of merit, any certificate of valor, to thewarden or his assistant who pulls the switchthere in the death house and releases thedeadly pellets that send their smoky, snakydeath upward to crawl into the mouth andnostrils of the stripped and tied-down humanbeing to bring on his fearfully, silentlyscreaming and vomiting destruction.Does capital punishment help preventor deter crime?There is no proof that the death penaltyever made a single murderer recoil from hiscrime when he had made up his mind, whenhe had become obsessed by the urge or theplan to commit that crime. And certainlycrimes of blind emotion and passion are notaffected by it.The very reverse is true. The repulsive andbrutal example of capital punishment con-taminates the public morals and helps in-crease crime rather than to decrease it, helpsthe commission of murder and other capitaloffenses and not to their omission.What should be done with the criminal?The cure for the criminal"whatever curethere is"lies in scientific work, care, educa-tion, justice, opportunity, challenge. And eventhen in the best of societies we know therewill still be error and wayward debasementof body and soul. And these we must dealwith"deal with them logically, firmly andwith understanding. But to try to deal withthem in one big smash by practicing thisworst of evils which the criminal himself hasalready practiced is simply to encourage theevil and not to alleviate or cure it.

Many times it has been said that when thesubject of capital punishment came beforethe North Carolina legislature many of thearguments centered around the question ofthe money it would cost North Carolina tokeep these people in prison for the remainderof their lives. What kind of logic do you applyto that?Well, thatTs silly! The Russian system ofpenology is so far ahead of ours. The wholepoint or view in Russia now is rehabilitation.Not punishment, not vengeance, but rehabil-itation of the people. . . . | used to write a lotof motion pictures and | wrote several forWill Rogers. Will and | used to chew the raga lot. One day we were talking and he said,oYou know, I've never met a son-of-a-bitch"never have. ITve come pretty near it, but ITvenever met one.TT Which is to say that every-body, all human beings tend toward the light.Of course you can be sick and perverted. Youcan be sick and irrational and plain evil be-cause you're sick.The idea of rehabilitation, it seems to me,is in line with science, with the actuality of hu-man beings. So youTve got something to buildon. If thatTs true, and | think it is true, theneverybody can be made useful. He can earnhis way. You donTt have to keep him up therein a state-supported place. Let him work tosupport himself. So that would be my com-ment there.Also, take the case of Booker T., namedafter Booker T. Washington. Nell Lewis, whoused to work for the Observer, called me andsaid, ~~You know Paul, theyTve got a 15-year-old boy over here condemned to death.? |said, ~~Well, you canTt do that; you canTt exe-cute children.TT She said, ~~HeTs been tried,and sentenced to die. HeTs a child. What doyou do??He broke in a woman's hotel room in Ashe-ville and tried to rape her. Same old story,rape, rape, rape. | went over to see GovernorHewitt. Governors have always been very niceto talk with you, so | talked to him about it.He said, ~~Paul, | know how you feel about itbut youTre wasting your time. You ought togo out there and see him. He weighs 185pounds. He's a great big Nigger.10oYea,? | said, ~~but heTs only 15 years old.?~| know, but heTs a great big fellow. HeTs abig man. AinTt going to do a thing for him.HeTs done such a terrible crime.?T| went to see him again. They were kindenough to let me in. The Governor pulled outa pile of letters and read the first one fromthe sheriff of Buncombe county.It said: ~~l hear that there are certain mis-guided people who are trying to save BookerT. from the electric chair. | want to tell you,this is a bad Nigger. HeTs bad. HeTs got a badhistory. If you let him out, you neednTt lookto Buncombe county for a single vote whenyou run for the Senate. Governor, this BookerT. has been a marauder ever since he was akid. | remember one night when | was in thehotel there, hearing a terrible clatter downbelow. | opened the window and looked downand there was a little Nigger boy robbing thegarbage can. Yes sir, out at three oTclock inthe morning robbing the garbage can.?TWell, Lord if | didnTt preach a sermon then.| said, ~Jesus Christ, Governor, think of it.A little boy, hungry, so hungry he wouldnTthave been there if he wasnTt hungry or some-thing. If you let this boy die, shame shame!?T| really preached a sermon. | was so upset.| could see that it weakened him. To makea long story short, he did commute the boy.He didnTt die.But that was the kind of thinking. Herewas a little boy robbing the garbage can toshow how mean he was. He used the word~robbingT rather than saying he was in therelooking for something to eat.How many persons have been executedin North Carolina?The first execution in North Carolinaoccurred on March 18, 1910. Previous tothat the counties had handled capital cases.The first gas chamber execution was onJanuary 24, 1936. To date there have been172 electrocutions and 190 gassings, a total

of 362 persons since 1910. Two hundred andeighty-two were colored males, 2 colored fe-males, 73 white males, no white females, and5 Indian males, and almost all were poor andignorant. The crimes were 280 for first de-gree murder, 11 for first degree burglary and71 for rape.Currently there are four Negroes and onewhite man on Death Row in Raleigh. Theyhave been there a total of some ten yearsrotting and awaiting the agony of execution.Do you think television and motion pictureshave affected the crime rate?| think this suction, this death wish thatFreud talked about, the downward pull, themore death and destruction you deal in themore of a pull there is. You see it on tele-vision; the gun motif in American life is sopowerful. ItTs just become a pathos until itTsimitative suction as such.When | was lecturing in the Orient in manydifferent countries " Burma, Thailand, Ma-laya, and so on"!I would meet up with theselittle boys with two guns, adopted from theAmerican motion picture. ThereTs that pull.In Japanese drama, thereTs the same path-ology in the use of the sword. You'll noticethat in their motion pictures or even the Nohdrama itTs the sword and we have the gun.| know in writing motion pictures that if youhave a gun or a pistol as part of the propsthat anytime your story gets weak you canhave your fellow pull the gun and start shoot-ing and your excitement jumps right up. ItTsan easy way. So this death house, this electricchair, the gas chamber all have that suction,that imitative pull. Of course itTs obvious thatsomehow in our rational being we donTt be-lieve it, but in our furious and fermenting sel-fish motives and emotions we do, because ifwe really believed in the deterrent powertheyTd have the executions absolutely publicso that everybody could see it, if it were adeterrent. But we hide it away behind thewalls.How did you form your attitude towardNegroes?My course hasn't been normal as far asthe Negro is concerned. My relationship has11been one in which | have always been sensi-tive to humanity and inhumanity. ITve seencruelty.Once | was working in a sawmill with afellow named Moody. One day he said, ~~WeainTt going to work this evening.T | said,~o~Why not, Mr. Moody??T He said, ~~lTve got togo to Sanford and help lynch a Nigger.TT Thatwas when | was 18 years old. He boarded atour house and that night when he got backwe were eating dinner and | kept looking athis hands and wondering what he had done.After supper we sat on the porch and | fin-ally said, ~~Mr. Moody, what happened?ToWhat happened, what?TT he said. ~~Whathappened at Sanford??oOh,?T he said, ~~l got there too damnedlate. They had already lynched him. But I'lltell you what | did do. | put three bullet holesthrough his head.?T| have a little book | just brought out lastweek called a ~~Word Book.TT | take up wordsand in here is the word barbecue"~~to kill inthe electric chair.?T [This story might explain. ]oWell, yesterday was Friday the 13th,?said Mr. Mac, (Mr. Mac was an old friend ofmine) ~~and it was unlucky for some folksover there on death row. Three men wereput into the electric chair and barbecued oneafter the other. Jimmy Fowler from Dunstonsaw the first of the executions, and he alongwith the other number of legal witnesses waslooking through the wide glass partition asthey brought in Roscoe Adkins, a big strongwhite man who had boasted that he would notcall on Jesus at the last, but would just ridethe ~o~black cat off the deep end to Hell.TT Theystrapped him into the chair and put the blackcap over his face and there he sat, naked tothe waist and his big, hairy chest showing.And Jimmy said that when they shot thatjuice into him, that 2,000 volts, RoscoeTsbody lunged against the straps like it wasalive. And then, when they shot it to him the

second time, the hair on his chest caughtfire and sizzled away.At that, Jimmy said he couldnTt take anymore. He turned sick at his stomach and heheard himself saying, Let me out of here!Let me out!And they did. And he lost all of his break-fast before he could get down the outsidesteps.Then he said he used to believe in capitalpunishment. But no more. ~~ItTs the mostbrutal killing a man can imagine, and itTs acrying shame for the state to do it,? he said.What do you feel about human life,the individual?What | believe is that all that is, is. ItTsfoolish to say forever and ever or inside andoutside. All that is, is. We are in all of this.These dreams that there is God that createdthis and that is just nonsense. ItTs part of thefolk culture of people because they want finalcauses. When Einstein speaks of all that is asbeing a great sphere, you speak of somethingbeing outside the sphere. No, there is no out-side.| used to chop cotton and look at the skywhen | got bored and tired and think thatyou could go on forever and ever and ever.But no, thereTs no beginning to all of this. Itjust is. ItTs always changing and will alwayschange. Stars will blow up; other stars will beformed. People will die, people will change.Where you and | are sitting, someday the icewill be 200 feet thick. Shakespeare will begone and forgotten. Men will tell the story.Other creatures with four eyes in the backof their heads and one in front with five legswhom women think are beautiful may existsomewhere. It's all unutterably created.As the Hindu philosophy states, all thatcan be done will be done. All that men cando, they will do. That means both foolishand wise.So here it is. ITm sure that consciousnessis, that weTre all conscious and itTs not justa dream. So when you look at it, feel theglory and wonder of it, you say that soon youdie and be in the ground. ThatTs right. YouTrepart of all the eternal, part of the rain, the12sun, the flowers, the bees. You belong andthatTs it. Then you say, ~~Well, for what pur-pose?TT No purpose, it just is. ~Well, whatabout me?TT Well, thatTs different. YouTre allpurpose. ~~What is my purpose?TT My purposeis to be the best | can. When the story is alltold, which it will never be because itTs alwaystelling, ~~he was a good man, she was good,she was kind. In this great darkness and mix-ture of light and darkness, he was kind.?Every night Walter Cronkite will say, ~~Theykilled 129 of the enemy; the Communists.What they did was kill boys, boys like you.But they lump them as enemy, Reds as theycall them. So to answer your question, thegreatest thing is a manTs life. When youTvetaken his life, youTve taken his all.Wars are the greatest shame. We poor,pitiful, blind human beings erect monuments.We donTt want these boys to die in vain. Ofcourse, theyTve all died in vain. TheyTve diedfor the cause.The young manTs life is the cause, it is thecause, no better cause. ITm so sure of that.What do you think the future holds forthe present generation?| believe that the next age is the beautifi-cation of the world. Young healthy people,nice houses, flowers, the abolition of poverty,the whipping of cancer, and all those wonder-ful things that ought to be done. We can be-cause we have the means now. We have thesemechanical slaves. They donTt get tired, theydonTt eat when youTre not working them, anditTs all fixed. The program is wonderful. Aunited world and a great system, a ~~parlia-ment of manT?T that Tennyson talked about.PFC, BMJ, WGS

PCE 1 ryBy Gale F. MorganAnd Hornets Wail, By Children StungI sit and watch"Of all possible times and places"In a prison-yard;Seeing,Oh, too clearly now,How prisons are for sissies:NotFor little old ladiesWho lean toward pretty pussy-cats,Hairy, lumpy loversAnd toughness"Who like their cats are durable;Who like their cats are tough,Too, and free"Who believe in capital punishment(but only in a clean room),Who visit prison-houses to seeThe Chapel,The School,The Kitchen,The Laundryand theDying Room:Who look askance at scowling convict-faces,And who, all aquiver then,(Twittering among themselves in little, bird-likevoices)Speakof deeds foul and fearful,: Of the responsibilities of freedom,The rights of the innocent.What do they know, a-flutter there?When men from high-arched death-row windowssee(Should they care to look)Across the street outsideWhere lives a little old lady thereWho has thirty-nine howling, fighting,Fornicating cats,And not one bird.13

OFCOLLARDS,CONCEPTIONS,ANDBEANS...REJOYCEING14Once,Let us say,Around a time divided by two"Tho thinly then"Two early called it a day(for lack of a better term)whoHaving fed that term of dayOn time, cold collards and beansKnew hungerAnd opened up another can of love.Are you still why?ing, Job?Alas babbleonMan is born of boredomNot of malice.ComeSomeone saidIn the word was the beginningAnd ITimeTs last miracle gone staleUniquely to becomeUnasked becameAnd having come"Consuming all of earlyAnd a little late"Can Truth estate: I know beans,Having opened a can or threeSome laughs . . . a life or twoAfter the fashion.Gentlemen be satedUnto the age a child is born.Re-joyce, or,Hav udrunkthefearthatmadeMine hat on famous?Are you still listening, Whitman?I hear America belchingBut neTer you mind, poor Walt,We'll set our burps to musicAnd there'll be dancingTo the murder in our streets,A la mowed ...Oh, mein Freud, mine void!Must Reason dig you later?Pure streams unconsciously embryoidSwing sullied back to materoLove.? lies the kinging void.

To bed to board to suckle consumeSuch is the painTs unvoicingLike T. S. man ITm wasted tooTho with a bang rejoyceing .. .Between Master Bayshun and Ma TurityLied the womb (wasted basket to a doodlerTs dayPsychatrix for a wounded want)To pray?Neigh!To pill or not to pillThatTs the question(The pope paupered the question?)(The flock flunked the Flesh?)(The quiddity queered the quo?)Whoa!Now the bastardTs gone too far(Which one had the phony?)Deep.Sleep, Dream Boy,We have hopenersGeared to the glut on tasteAndsoonagainnowcomeshogkillingtime.Meanwhile,A head in the jungleDied the nearest thing to Christ.Wait on! Schweitzer awry!Tiger! Tiger! burning blightOn our lily souls so rightO, common Al, donTt let it all hang out,Else we right see...Once,(Lettuce pay)Around a PA poured Tea"Tho thickly then"Mr. Hay, sez Pea, sez heh!Supermockery is not my lineBut some lays is faire, cuz,Else OlT heafenfarbHadnamaidsexCheapernBeans.15

New InsightJesus.What a waste.OnceI saw the starsAnd could I have but reached them,Would have torn them from the skyAnd hurled them hard into the face of God,For I was a childAnd children have a way of hurting.Older now,And looking back,T do not thinkIt would have helped matters any.Blueberry pie might have turned the trick,But never stars.Heaven knowsTo be star-struck is to Be,But warm, blueberry pieRunning down the faceFor All to seeSurpasses pain,And might have placed thingsIn their proper perspective.And this could be a timeFor love and pity.16Parvenu (1964)If I were versed in phrase and ambage strong,I'd never sing a fuzzy-wuzzy song:I'd lay Truth on the line where it belongs,In status-quo above just-so jargon.Nor give it attribute of aimless worm,To weave plae patterns through a clod of terms;ITd paint it proud lest prouder terms affirmThat Truth, forsooth, fell victim to its germs.Phrom Phreudian phrase my phancy phairly phlies,I am the bull the china shops despise:And though ITm crude, and though TTll win noprize,Yet, grant me this: I do have poet-eyes.But I must needs refrain from fratricide,Nor point a poison pen at poet-pride:For since I know for sure thatTs suicide,I guess I'll go along just for the ride...Hey diddle-diddleA cat on a griddleIn a fog of immutable myths,Hacks at the airWith clause debonairAnd amazingly mutable scythes.

DefermentOne of these daysThese foolish games we play:This hide-and-see!x with wordsAnd gods absurdWill pass away.We'll sing no laysOf little lost boyhoodTo lost and little boysWho kill with toysAnd rancored naes.We'll come of ageTo walk this earth like men,And pity those who say,oOne of these days,?One of these days.17

A NARRATIONPAUL GREENWhen I was a little kid, my best friend was aNegro boy. We grew up together on a farm. Istarted out with Negroes. As I came along I sawmore and more of this capital punishment appliedto Negroes. ItTs been mainly Negro people thathave suffered the terrible punishment, I guessmy natural sympathy and knowledge lie with theNegroes.This little boy that grew up on the farm, I metwhen I was four years old and I have a little storyabout him.This little fellow always carried a Barlowe knife.I still carry one in memory of this fellow. We justplayed. He taught me how to chew tobacco. Hewas the smartest little fellow I ever saw. As wegrew up he taught me how to put dogwood berriesup my nose and hold one side and pop themout in a snort. And he taught me all kinds ofthings, how to yoke little pigs. We used to catchlittle pigs, put a yoke around them, run these pigsand watch them turn somersaults.One day he said, oYou canTt swim, can you?? Isaid, oNo, I canTt swim.? He said, oI'll teach youhow to swim. We'll catch us a fish and get thatswimmer. (He called it a swimmer, that littleinflated sack inside a fish.) You get one of themand you swallow it and you can swim like a fish.?And so we caught us a little fish, cut him open,and there was this little tiny sack. So I stuck it18in my mouth, and ran to the branch right thereand took a swallow of water and swallowed thedarn thing. He said, oGet off your clothes andhop in there. Now you can swim.?So I did and I went to the bottom just like arock. And ITd have drowned, I reckon, if he hadnTtpulled me out of there. And he laughed up anddown, whooped and hollered. He said, oI. was justfooling you cause thatTs the way a man fooled me.?He was so smart and I loved him. I used to tellmy mother and father, oITm going to live withRassie.? Rassie was his name. He was little Eras-tus and they called him Rassie. He lived in atenant house on my fatherTs farm.So finally they said, oAll right, go down thereand live with Rassie.? I went over to RassieTs.When suppertime came Old Zelda, the big mother,put us around the table and poured out somemolasses and got out some bread. I was a littletiny fellow then. Boy, the flies were hummingand the smell was bad. Gosh, ITd been gettingmore and more lonesome and all of a sudden Iknew I was going to cry. Zelda said, oI knowwhatTs the matter with him; he wants his Mam-my.?Rassie came around and hugged me and said,oDonTt cry.? But I was just so lonesome.The father, Will, took me home. And then theyall laughed at me.

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One day Rassie and I were working and he cuthis finger with his Barlowe knife. I was a teenylittle fellow. His blood ran out red and I said,oWhy look at your blood!? He said, oIt donTthurt,? and wrapped a leaf around it. I said, oYes,but itTs red.?He looked at me astonished and said, oSureitTs red.? Then he caught on, looked at me andsaid, oCause youTre white and ITm black youthought my blood would be black.?If it had been black blood I guess I would havebeen surprised too. Somehow it just didnTt seemright that he should have red blood like me.I learned a lesson that day. The blood of allhuman beings is red . . . the same. I never forgotit. That little fellow already knew it. He alreadyknew of the brotherhood of man.But then he caught typhoid fever, Rassie did.My sister went down and waited on him and theywouldnTt let me go. Every day I would say, oHowis Rassie?? She would say, oAh, heTs all right.You stay away from there, the doctor said.?So one day I went down there anyhow. WhenI got near the house I saw the doctorTs horse tiedthere. When I got up to the house I heard thismoaning. I peeked in and Will and Zelda, thetwo parents were down in the floor bowing theirheads up and down saying oOh Lord! Oh Lord!?Over in the bed I could see some turning figureswith wild, delirious eyes. There were the two othersons, Preacher and Hansen, they called them. Theyhad typhoid fever too and they were delirious.The doctor was there.I kept looking for Rassie. My sister was in thereand she came in from the lean-to with a pan ofwater and a little rag. She went over in the cornerand I looked over in the corner and saw Rassielying on the floor. I called and he was asleep. Ithought he was asleep. She said, oGo on home, Itell you.? (It was my older half-sister. SheTs sortof a nurse.) I said, oITve come to see how RassieTagoHe ainTt no-how,? she said, oHe ainTt no-how.?That scared me. The doctor looked down andsaid, oLet him come in. Let him die. Let Tem alldie.? He was really tired. In those days typhoidfever was like a scourge among the people. So Icrept into the room and there was Rassie lyingwith his head on a little pillow and an old skirtover him. He was dead, dead as a door nail. IZLTa Aor,z oy ALE 2rer ee5 oy,+a 4~iaWb Mf, FEEMMU Coo0saw this purging stuff on his lips and I yelled,oRassie!?My sister knelt down beside me and said, oYea,RassieTs dead. He died this morning.? Boy, did Ihave a fit. She ripped the garment off of him andthere he lay, his little stomach all puffed up. Shewas washing him. She tore the rag in two, handedme a piece, and I knelt down and we both washedhim.Rassie had hurt his toe running after pigs. Mysister got up and left me to wash him privatelyand I'll never forget how I looked at that toewhere he had hurt it. ItTs funny, I didnTt thinkabout it until later but I didnTt wash his toe causeI didnTt want to hurt him.Then she came in with a white nightgown in herarm. She unrolled it and it was my little nightgown. She said, oI reckon you donTt mind. Ibrought it down here to put on him.? I said, oNo,I donTt mind.? Then we put it on him and shereached up on the mantel and said, oHereTs a Bar-lowe knife. (See, he and I used this Barlowe knifefor cutting yokes and things that we had). Herared up this morning and before he died he saidhe wanted you to have his knife. She said, oIreckon thatTs a good swap; he gets the night shirt. . and you get the knife.?Now this sounds like a lie but itTs the truth.Where are we going to bury Rassie?Old Will, the father, came down and said. oMr.Billy (my fatherTs name was Billy) , you just buryhim where you please. I ainTt got no heart to donothing.?Sometimes they would find a great big cedartree and start burying people. My father lookedup in the field. We had a cedar tree up there andmy father said, oHow about burying him upthere?? Will said, oAnywhere you please.?So my daddy and I went home and we madehis coffin out of pine planks. I got some cotton toput his head on. We toted his little coffin downto his place, put Rassie in it, and took him upthere and buried him.I said to my father, oAinTt you going to saysomething over Rassie, sing a song, or something??My father was sort of embarrassed and recitedoThe Lord giveth and the Lord taketh away. Restin peace, Rassie.? Then I put a little board upto his head and we left him.WM MUU ag

I walk through the woods, and I walk through the hills,And I ask you to tell me if you can"You know what a tree is, you know what a rock is,But what is the soul of man?You know what the moon and stars may beAnd the width of the salt sea span,But where is the tongue that can answer me this"What is the soul of man?I turn to the east and I turn to the west,And they tell how the world began"You know what a day is, you know what a year is,But what is the soul of man?I searched the broad earth, I begged the fair sky,I questioned the rivers that ran,But never a whisper to tell that they knewAught of the soul of man.I bowed down at evening, I bowed low at morning,I prayed for some proof of GodTs plan"When lo, the glad answer"the Word with its Light!"Love is the soul of man.by Paul Green

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WhatTs it like to be caged for lifeto die when the pellets falla naked bulbstares down from spaceWhat's it like to sleep one last nightto be well rested for the dawnYou wonTt sleep wellIn your cold stone cellthereTve been better nightsand better timesin better placesnot quite so cold and dampThe timeTs acomingUse what youTve gotLeftthe bars are nicethin sculptured steelmade in Bethlehem PennsylvaniaYou've one last mealItTll make a feastBut your mouth will be too dryitTs a long corridortimeJohn Fultoniesae"SEY ye WE A

5"SS ere ers esROBERT MORGANRobert Morgan, chairman of the East Caro-lina University Board of Trustees and newlyelected State Attorney General is a dynamicyoung leader.Here Morgan espouses perhaps the mostliberal executive opinion on capital punish-ment of any recent North Carolina official.27The theme of the magazine this time iscapital punishment and most of our ques-tions will be centered around this subject.What will be the effect of the Fourth DistrictCourt of AppealTs decision on the North Caro-lina death law?That is on appeal to the Supreme Court atthe present time, but | suspect that as longas this decision stands, it will have the effectof abolishing capital punishment in NorthCarolina unless the Legislature clarifies it.Is it true that the State of North Carolinamust spend an enormous amount of moneykeeping a man in prison for life?Well, yes, it is very expensive to keep any-one in prison and certainly, to keep a manin prison for life.This is one of the difficulties in doing awaywith capital punishment. | think that the gen-eral public would say that it would be fine toabolish capital punishment if you could as-sure them that once a man has been con-victed of a capital crime, he would be con-fined for the rest of his life. If you stop andthink about it, you will see just how imprac-tical that could be. If you have a man inprison with no hope of parole or being re-leased, then this man is certainly going to beincorrigible and he would be subject to killin prison or anything else.The general feeling of the penal officialsis that if you have to abolish capital punish-ment and in doing so you have to say that heis not entitled to parole, then donTt abolishit. For example, Mr. Randolph, one of themost progressive directors of the state prison

"""eesystem we have ever had, is very much infavor of the abolition of capital punishment.But, he says that we must not abolish it if wemust remove all hopes of parole.DonTt you think that the individual him-self"if he had a choice of being imprisonedwithout parole or being killed"would ratherlive in a state of confinement than die?At present, there is no such thing as aman being in prison without chance of parole.Our law says that when a man has servedone fourth of his sentence, he is eligible forparole. And this is one of the common com-plaints of those who are in favor of capitalpunishment. They say, ~~Well, a man is con-victed for life and then after ten years hecan be back in the community and even com-mit the same crime again.?A man goes on to prison, and if it is hisfirst offense (as it is in the case of so manymurderers) and if he conducts himself pro-perly, there is a very good chance that hewill be paroled. And this is the bone of con-tention. The question is ~~If you are going todo away with capital punishment, why not fixit so that the man will never be eligible forparole?TT Now | am opposed to that, and |think that anyone who understands the sys-tem would be opposed to it.Is there any case on record in North Caro-lina of a man who has been paroled of acapital crime and then commits a secondoffense?Yes, | canTt name you the specific case,but there are cases on record in which thishas happened.When I looked at the statistics, | foundthat there were 282 Negroes executed andonly 73 whites. Proportionately, Negroes areno more prone to crime than are whites. So,it looks as though a personTs skin or socialprominence " or skilled counsel " could bethe thing that has kept many whites fromexecution.Well, of course there may be some truthto your contention, although | wouldnTt sayit were absolutely true. For instance, there28has been a white man executed, from John-ston County, just within my lifetime, from avery prominent family"a very wealthy fam-ily. There are tales today that he may nothave been gassed and maybe he is alivesomewhere else.ItTs true the crime rate has been higherpercentage-wise with the black people. But| think that in times past it could have result-ed from lack of adequate counsel, althoughas far as | know, in this state it has alwaysbeen true that a man charged with a capitalcrime was provided with counsel. Now | thinkthat this question has been removed becausenow the courts will not only look into the factof whether or not he had counsel but whetherthat counsel is competent and experienced.Often in North Carolina a man has gottena reprieve just a few days before his execu-tion date. In the case of Mason Wellman,this reprieve made it possible to prove hisinnocence. In California there was a case inwhich an innocent man was executed becausehis lawyer was unable to reach the Governoron the day of execution. | feel that to abolishcapital punishment altogether would be pre-ferable to letting one single innocent man die.What do you think about the risk of killinginnocent men?Well, ITm not going to argue with you onthat. In fact, you might as well know in thebeginning, basically, | am opposed to capitalpunishment. | would never sit on a jury totry a man for his life. At one time in my life,| was employed as private prosecutor toprosecute a man for his life who had com-mitted a horrible crime. We asked the juryto take his life, and they voted to do so. But,he appealed it, and | would have to say thatduring the time he was sentenced to deathuntil the time that the Supreme Court revers-ed it, that it gave me a great deal of concern.When they came back for the second trial |refused to participate in it. | just was not go-ing to ask that jury . . . any jury, to take themanTs life.Would you explain the justification used bythe Fourth District Court of Appeals in nulli-fying the death law in North Carolina?

Under the present law, if a man may becharged with a capital crime of premeditatedmurder, arson, rape, or first degree burglary,and if he is convicted by a jury the penalty isthe death penalty, unless the jury recom-mends life imprisonment. Now that part isnot under question at all. But, there is an-other statute which was enacted for humani-tarian purposes which says that if a man willplead guilty to a capital crime and if thestate is willing to accept this plea, then hecan escape the death penalty and get lifeimprisonment.Now what the circuit court said was thatthis puts a premium on a manTs pleading .guilty to a crime he might not be guilty of inorder to avoid the risk of the death penalty.This will be the point that will be taken to theSupreme Court in Washington. Now the faultthat | find with this ruling is that the man inthe case involved did not plead guilty to firstdegree murder. He pleaded guilty to second29degree murder. Therefore, that is why | saythat this is not up to this court to decide. Itis like trying you for driving drunk and thecourts suddenly decide that the speedingstatute is unconstitutional.Do you think that the state ~~stacks thecards? against the prisoner when they askall prospective jurors if they believe in cap-ital punishment before they are allowed tosit on the jury in a capital case? If they answerthat they are opposed, then they cannotserve.| do not think that the mere act of askingthe question makes it unconstitutional. But,just to excuse him from the jury ~solely be-cause of that does deprive him of his con-stitutional rights. It does not make any differ-ence what the jurorTs personal belief is. Thequestion is, notwithstanding your personalbeliefs, can you listen to the evidence andrender a verdict based on the evidence andin keeping with the law as the judge instructsyou? So, | feel that a jurorTs personal beliefhas no bearing on the case at all.| believe that some people are asking fora test case in light of the ~~cruel or unusualpunishment? clause in the United States Con-stitution. Do you see an indication of this be-ing sustained by the court?| doubt that it would. | know that timeshave changed and that the outlook of thepeople has changed, but at the same time,as much as it has been used throughout ourhistory | doubt that the courts would say thatit is cruel or unusual. Necessarily, that is notmy personal opinion, but it is what | feel thatthe courts would decide.In oThe Idiot,? by Dostoevsky, the authorsays that to kill for murder is a punishmentincomparably worse than the crime itself.Would you comment here?What he is really saying is the same thingthat Christ said when he changed MosesTlaw of ~~an eye for an eye and a tooth for atooth.T It really just comes back to the ques-tion, ~~Do you believe in capital punishment??And as | have said before, | have serious,

serious doubts about the advisability of it.One serious gripe with capital punishmentis the inhumane cruelty of leaving a man ondeath row while waiting for execution or ap-peals. Marion Frank Crawford, a Negro whohas been sentenced to die for rape has beenon death row since 1959. This just seems tobe unjustifiably inhumane.Well, | think that this would be unbearabletoo, but you have to understand the point ofview of those who do this. In their eyes, hehas been convicted by a jury of a terriblecrime and until his conviction is overturnedor upset, in the eyes of the law, he has beenconvicted. There is generally a time lapse ofyears between the time all of the appealshave been exhausted to when he is executed.| feel that it would be a horrible wait.Do you feel that an abolition law will comebefore the Legislature this year?lam sure it will. | feel that | ought to makeit clear, now, that | am speaking from a posi-tion | have never spoken from before. Re-gardless of my personal views, my job is touphold the laws of the state of North Carolinaand to present the arguments that tend tosupport the laws of the state regardless ofwhat my personal views may be. | have neverbeen in that position before, since | havealways been in the Legislature where | couldsay what | wanted to and when | wanted to.But, | cannot do that anymore.With all of the marvelous work being donein the state prisons with rehabilitation ofprisoners, do you not think that these meth-ods could do just as much good for themurderer as they have done for a personwho is returned to society after having serveda term for, say, assault with intent to kill?The question here is, and it is a difficultOne, when are you going to say that a manhas been rehabilitated? So many of the re-leased prisoners will, after they are released,violate the laws again. If the parole boardtakes the responsibility of releasing a mur-derer and he commits a capital crime again,the public will say ~We told you so.T They30have a most difficult job.Do you think that capital punishment hasseen its day in that it will be ended in fact ifnot by law?| suspect that is true. | think that you cansafely say that capital punishment is, as apractical matter, on the way out.What is happening in the North CarolinaPrison System now regarding the rehabilita-tion of prisoners with terms of life imprison-ment?| canTt tell you about the particular ques-tion on those who are awaiting the deathpenalty, but | can say that North Carolinais aS progressive in its prison system andits work with rehabilitation of prisoners asany state or country that | know of.Some time ago, | was appointed to defenda young Canadian for murder, in my county.He came from a rather well-known family inOntario. They sent a top reporter down, whospent two weeks doing background work inNorth Carolina. | took him through the YouthCenter in Lillington, where he saw grown menand young boys in one classroom doing juniorcollege work. He was just simply amazed. Hesaid that this was where North Carolina waslight years ahead of Ontario in our prisonsystem. Now, we havenTt done all that weought to do, but we are doing a great deal,and! say that we have made great boundsforward.Our prison system in North Carolina is do-ing a tremendous job in rehabilitation now.| Know when you talk about rehabilitation inprisons that you are subject to incur thewrath of people who say that we are coddlingprisoners. Let me make it clear, there are alot of tough ones that you canTt really domuch toward rehabilitating. But at the sametime, when you remember that over ninetypercent of them will eventually come backand live in the midst of our society, purelyfrom a selfish point of view, it behooves us todo what we can for them so that they can be-come useful citizens when they come backand live in our midst.PFC, CHN, RRK, RBR

REVIEWS(Soul on Ice by Eldridge Cleaver, New York: Mc-Graw-Hill Book Company, 1968, 210 pp. $3.97)The voice is the voice of the jungle raised incarnal blackness. The language of the streetsbreaks through like clots of garbage or the drop-pings of rats in tenement hallways. Obscenity?No, obscenity is a word for the inflicters of thepain, not the victims. In other manuscripts suchlanguage might mar the eloquence of the prose,but in the context of suffering it goes a long wayto describe the anger and the pain.Autobiography is often a tedious medium, filledwith self-satisfying introspection. Not so withCleaver. His prose is clear and concise; his pace isterrifying. He opushes himself forward like atrain.? There are no pretensions. Eldridge Cleaver31is a convicted rapist serving a fourteen-year sen-tence; he is writing from prison. He makes noattempt to hide his situation or justify it; his solepurpose is to expose the forces that tormented him,to catalogue them in writing so that he can facehis devils and exorcise them.Soul on Ice emerges as the chronicle of thestruggle, not only CleaverTs struggle but also thestruggle of the black race, to overcome the forcesof oppression that limit the Black manTs role inthe American dream to the menial and the mean-ingless.The forces that drove Cleaver to crime, thefrustration and the fears, are by-products of a sys-tem of racial domination which places the whiteabove the black in a Master-slave relationshipwhere the white man becomes the oOmnipotentAdministrator? and the black man becomes oSu-permasculine Menial,? renowned for his prowess inthe athletic arena but relegated to a position ofservitude to the obrain power? of his racial supe-rior. Cleaver develops this view of AmericaTs racialcaste system to its most far-reaching consequences,exposing the sexual nature of racial conflictbrought about by the white manTs fear of impo-tence when faced with the black manTs over-whelming physical superiority. The white manTselevation and overprotection of the white femaleis just one evidence of his fear that the black manwill replace him in the bedroom.The continued efforts of the white communityto emasculate the Black man or subject him toridicule via oAmos-and-Andy? type distortionsof ghetto life are the objects of CleaverTs rage. Inthe jungle of the ghetto he struck back at hisfrustrations:oT became a rapist. To refine my techniqueand modus operandi, I started out by prac-ticing on the black girls in the ghetto"inthe black ghetto where dark and vicious deedsappear not as aberrations or deviations from

the norm, but as part of the sufficiency of theEvil of a day"and when I considered myselfsmooth enough, I crossed the tracks andsought out white prey. I did this consciously,deliberately, willfully, methodically"thoughlooking back I see that I was in a frantic,wild, and completely abandoned frame ofmind.?He committed rape. He was caught, tried,judged guilty, and imprisoned. But the story didnot stop here as it does for so many Black men.The story began in prison proceeding through therecord of CleaverTs subsequent rehabilitation.Cleaver was returned to society and took an activerole in the Black Panther Party until his parolewas revoked. Today, he is a fugitive. Some say afugitive from justice; others say a fugitive frompolitical prosecution.At any rate, his words remain; the record of hisstruggle on behalf of the Black man remains.Soul on Ice is a warning and a promise:We shall have our manhood. We shall haveit or the earth will be leveled by our attemptsto gain it.Robert McDowellThe Quiet Vengeance of Words " poems(the quiet vengeance of words. by Antoni Gro-nowicz, 32 pp. The Polish Institute of Arts andSciences in America, Inc.)Written in the modern, apparently unprin-cipled style which affects neither capital lettersnor punctuation, this collection of poems reprint-ed from the Winter 1968 issue of The Polish Re-view is the sort of slim volume one is tempted tothrow down after a first, quick glance. One of thehidden benefits of being a reviewer, however, isthat he has to take a second look, and thus some-times happily discovers unexpected pleasures inreading.At second glance, the poems which seem tozigzag aimlessly across the page sometimes createstark linear images on the page. But the imagerywithin the poems is more pleasing. In his poemoevening,? for example, Mr. Gronowicz describesthe onset of evening as a deer leaping:oout of mysterious shadesi comescatteringsunlight...?The sunset he personifies as being the sun godwho becomes bored with the ecstasy of day andowastes the lastarmful of hiscolored plumesand moundbymoundlazilyclimbsdown 3. i"These are provocative images, and fresh. Unfor-tunately, his linear imagery is neither:onight is a black skullsplit by importunate starsscanty and vain...?One does not think of the night sky as havingthe characteristics of a skull, nor of stars as beingoimportunate.? Nor can one picture this:obeautyholds ustoher breastbeforearainbowedmiracle...The range of subject matter in the poems isreasonably varied, but the poet favors the com-ings and goings of day, and topics of national inter-est. He builds a concept of war which expressesin a few tense words the most tragic aspect ofmanTs battle against man:ocorpsescorpsescorpsesdevils and saints piled dense .. .Properly, devils and saints should be separated,but war upsets manTs neat categorizing.While one would find it difficult to becomeenthused about Mr. GronowiczTs poetry, it certain-ly provides some quiet pleasure through his mo-ments of perception.?"Annette MacRae

Tae es Oe we, ee ee weergeuel(They, by Marya Mannes. Doubleday, 1968.$4.95)I donTt know which came first, the movie orthe book, but it doesnTt matter. ItTs the themethat counts, and it is a theme which is becomingmore and more popular"what the future holds isanybodyTs guess. They, by Marya Mannes, isslightly reminiscent of OrwellTs 1984, a relativelyrecent book which prompted cynics to beginlearning Newspeak in order to have a head startby the time The Year arrived. But it is even morereminiscent of a movie I saw during the summercalled Wild in the Streets, in which fourteen-year-olds obtain the right to vote and twenty-three-year-old radical Max Frost is elected President ofthe United States. Since the motto of Frost andhis otroops? is oDonTt trust anybody over 30,? theonly logical course of events is to herd all of theold fogeys into buses, dress them out in flowinggowns a la Maharishi Yogi, sack Tem out on LSD,and let them live happily ever after on communalfarms.I was reminded of the movie (which I thoughtwas rather asinine) while I was reading They, andI thought that the ooldies? in both instances weregiven a raw deal, but at least in the movie theywere given ample opportunity for travel, whatwith LSDTs being pumped into their drinking sup-ply. In They, five people who have passed the cut-33off point of fruitful existence, the age of 60(Mannes is a bit more lenient with regard to agethan Max Frost), are together in an isolatedbeach house. We see no action taking place in thisshort novel, but by the reminiscences of the peopleseveral points become evident.Upon reaching the age of 60, persons are isolatedfrom the rest of the world"the useful faction"and are given the necessities of life (food, shelter,clothing, and computerized medical care). Theyare allowed to continue in the do-nothing environ-ment until the age of 65, at which time they aregiven a pill and die a peaceful death. Euthanasia isthe name of the game, and youth takes the stakes.All this playing the Fates is done by the young,who are running the country, and for whom theold bit about the sagacity of the aged has becomethe new bit about the senility of the sages.They is pathetic at times"when the oldsterstalk about the productive lives they led in theworld of the sixties, for example"even pathetic to~the point of being sentimental. They is a stimulat-ing book and it reaffirms the aphorism that oldage is a time of loneliness. It fails, however, tomake one skeptical to its contents ever becomingreality. But, who knows what the future holds?We used to see heart transplants only on the gradeoB? Saturday morning early show."Patsy Wofford

POETRYwandering through rowsof daffodilsspeaking in a light waysaying so much and nobodyguesses itwhere the wind blowing stillmakes you feel itand the wind blowing stillmakes you make itthen on into a notpath-knownwhere vines and bush allovergrownsound asleepwhile the wanderer weavespatternsbeneath his feetand Our notpath-known acceptsdefeat"for now"34Spence

I am fury ridden.Words roll and boil and pitchWithin me.Nameless obsessions trouble my soul"Unshaped thoughts,Uncolored images.I dare; I drive, I taunt and curse,But the anger angers meTill I am spent.IT burn.Not ocean breezeNor GreenlandTs iceCan cool my heartTs desire.T want.Nor all the artOf human mindCan take away the fire.The sculptor cut and shaped and molded,Happily working his bid for fame.Whistling, singing the plastic tune,He pushed and pulled and measuring firmly,Shaped on features, turns of limb,Fashioning the form of man"Who breathed in LifeAnd promptly walked away.SCHISM36DARK RIDERHEART'S DESIREMAN CREATESThere is an age in whichFlesh grieves,And wonders what ailsThe spirit.There is a full eternity whilePast dies,Then future, like the phoenix,RisesAnnette Mac Rae

the sacrificethe big manTo this ever loathing world,Nay do I belong,Nor do I wish to belong.To stand back, to know;Seeing in this patch of blue,What is, but shouldnTt be:Seeing all wrongs, save those of my own:Knowing the course of every manExcept the direction I face;Knowing not the way I go, only that I go;I move on in my aimed way slowly,On one foot following the other,Each day I move, closer I fair .To what someday will be me.John L. Sherman37Holy of holies,O Exalted,O Most Glorious,We bow before thy Majesty.Have mercy on us,We sacrificed our best,We passed the bloody test,Our love for you is writtenIn blood;We always kill the good.Claire PittmanLet all who love stand and tell the man and tellhim why. ABox of rotten, juice dripping, stinking livesAll thrown in a heap and allowed to wiggle andsquirm untilThey think they are satisfied, knowing all thetime that theyAre lying to themselves, to their fellows, and to theBig man gazing down through the barrel topRod Ketnermy slow course

Just After WinterMethodized miracles happen.Lovers are seedsthat sown, shed coverings and sprout.Rain swells rivers, muds banks.Caramel slush sucks at shoes.Intuitive trippers wing home.Clouds pillow the sky to rain, shade or show.Pulsars from this particular planetbaffle the thinkers .. .Enlighten the fools.Linda Faye BryantItTs over now,That which is doneGivenTo no oneBut taken from me.That part is over.I toss them back and forthIn the palm of my heartOne weighs heavierThenThe otherOne tosses meBack and forthT decideOver again.Jennifer Salinger39-But starlight and moonbeams canTt be caughtFrom ObservationsHow little we value our lives, Not knowingThe precious possession they are, Till going.I long for things on a distant shore,And not obtaining desire all the more.I want to sift starlight through my handThe way I play with grains of sand.>And I have not the deed, only the thought.Jean Brown

SNOWSnow is a leveler of forms,A rounder of sharp angles,A smoother of jagged edgesLike a carpenterTs plane in the great hand of aworking God.Snow is a straightener of wrinkles,A balancer of curves,Like the square rough hand of an old motherwho makes up a bed, laughing,and strokes the bedspread smooth.Snow is a hider of red dust,A coverer of yesterdayTs phlegm,A bandage for bleeding sores,A humped old peddler who sells the garbage awhite hatto wear in the morning.IIThe wet snow is like a woman: a makerof waiting,A demander of patience"The cool snow will lie downand sleep longAnd say, I donTt care; why should you?The snow of the morning tosses its headAnd takes a never-mind of the newplaid suit,CouldnTt care less for the gray limpwork-shirtfull of last yearTs holes and thisweekTs dirt.The snow of the evening is a fighter,A giant wrestler who throws us downAnd keeps us there and says:Damn you, damn you, while ITvegot you down, why donTt you thinka minute? Why donTt you stop aminute?IllThe snow of a Sunday is an evener ofgrudges:Black man and white man togetherspin useless wheels in frozen cars;Snow slithers into the boots of theheathen and the faithful;Snow melts on the masterTs floor aswell as the slaveTs;Snow is as bluely cold to the presidentof the Garden Clubas it is to the saggy-breasted oldnigger who sweeps the floor at half-past six.Snow will sit and wait:It is the reminder that God can hamper our greatspeed.Chip Callaway40

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