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North Carolina LibrariesNOV 26 1997LIBRARY - PERIODICALSEAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITYFederal Depository Libraries In North Carolina:Appalachian State UniversityCarol Grotnes Belk LibraryBarton CollegeHackney LibraryCampbell UniversityCarrie Rich Memorial LibraryCatawba CollegeCorriher-Linn-Black LibraryDavidson CollegeE.H. Little LibraryDavidson County Public LibraryLexington, NCDuke UniversitySchool of Law LibraryWilliam R. Perkins LibraryEast Carolina UniversityJ.Y. Joyner LibraryElon CollegeIris Holt McEwen LibraryFayetteville State UniversityCharles W. Chesnutt LibraryForsyth County Public LibraryMain Library, Winston-SalemGardner-Webb UniversityDover Memorial LibraryMount Olive CollegeMoye LibraryNorth Carolina A&T State UniversityF.D. Bluford LibraryNorth Carolina Central UniversitySchool of Law LibraryJames E. Shepard LibraryNorth Carolina Department of Cultural ResourcesState Library of North CarolinaNorth Carolina State UniversityD.H. Hill LibraryNorth Carolina Supreme Court LibraryRaleigh, NCNorth Carolina Wesleyan CollegeElizabeth B. Pearsall LibraryPublic Library of Charlotte and Mecklenburg CountyCharlotte, NCQueens CollegeEverett LibrarySaint Andrews Presbyterian CollegeDeTamble LibraryUniversity of North Carolina at AshevilleD. Hiden Ramsey LibraryUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteJ. Murrey Atkins LibraryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillEverett Law LibraryWalter Royal Davis Library (Regional Depository)University of North Carolina at GreensboroWalter Clinton Jackson LibraryUniversity of North Carolina at PembrokeMary H. Livermore LibraryUniversity of North Carolina at WilmingtonWilliam M. Randall LibraryWake Forest UniversityProfessional Center LibraryZ. Smith Reynolds LibraryWestern Carolina UniversityHunter LibraryGovernment Information ==Fall 1997

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ae) GOVERNMENT INFORMATION107111116120124128Volume 99, Number 7ISSN 0029-2540HICALA LIBRARY - PERIOD! CALS@EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITYRARIESFall 1997Guest Editor, Michael Van FossenU.S. Government Electronic Information Service Guidelines, Ridley R. Kessler, Jr.and Dan BarkleyPublic Service Issues of U.S. Government Information in North Carolina,Megan DregerDocuments Home Pages: Questions of Beauty, Practicality and Simplicity,William SpiveyFederal Web Resources for High School Teachers and Students,Nancy Kolenbrander and Linda ReidaFor the People: Organizing and Accessing Federal Documents in the PublicLibrary, Mimi CurleeUFOs, NGOs, or IGOs: Using International Documents for General Reference,Catherine Shrevememes 20 0S mpamr epecrc anma Nm ea I ERS PASAdvertisers: Broadfoot's, 127;Checkpoint, 150;Current Editions, 119;Ebsco, 138;Mumford Books, 126;Quality Books, 131;SIRS, front cover;UNC Press, back cover.Fee RR AE106132133134137139146147148Cover:From the PresidentPoint: Should There Be A Depository Library Program?, Jean PorterCounter Point: Electronic Access, Not Paper Acquisitions, Harry TuchmayerAnd in Edition: Encouraging Research Among Untenured Faculty: OneLibraryTs Experience, Margaret Foote, Jan Mayo, Ali Abdulla, Lydia Olszak,and James HaugWired to the World: Internet Explorer 4.0, Ralph Lee ScottNorth Carolina BooksLagniappe: Reel North Carolina: Movies Filmed in the Old North StateAbout the AuthorsNCLA MinutesA list of Federal Depository Libraries in North Carolina provided by Ridley R. Kessler, Jr.,Regional Depository Librarian, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill.North Carolina Libraries is the official publication of the North Carolina Library Association.Art direction and design by Pat Weathersbee of TeamMedia, Greenville, NC.

From the PresidentDave Fergusson, President106 " Fall 1997tried to communicate to the membership about relevant issues. The Executive Boardhas made great strides to strengthen our Association, and we have tried to make sureyou, the members, get real value from your membership. I have enjoyed and appreci-ated the opportunity.Now, if you think that my last column is going to be serious and insightful, then you haveobviously Cuttered the wrong spine. ITm going to use this opportunity to jump into the oldN.C.L.A. Time Machine to visit 2012 A.D. Join me if you will.ItTs 2012. LetTs Visit the Library!You've finally come back to your hometown, Barbecue, North Carolina, for your 35th highschool reunion. You canTt wait to visit a few of your favorite libraries in town. When you leftthe library profession to become the archivist of North CarolinaTs newly formed AmericanLeague Baseball Club, the Triad YTall, you thought youTd never look back. But you kept up yourmembership in N.C.BB&TL A., and you miss libraries.You want to visit the new Barbecue High School first, but your sister, who never left town,said they still had no school library. Years ago, they wouldn't pay for one since money wasdesperately needed for a stadium. They did finally hire a media center coordinator four yearsago with an electronics major and degrees in systems analysis and marketing. Her six hours inlibrarianship actually led all candidates interviewed. The kids loved the way she kept theautomated system humming, but it seems that recently a couple of them had apparently askedher to recommend some novels to read and really embarrassed her in public. Some parentsactually complained at the next PTA meeting, but fortunately, as soon as the schoolTs projectorwas fixed, the meeting quickly reverted to viewing a holograph on the upcoming fund raisingcampaign to buy the school heating oil. The incident died of neglect.Anyway, the students accessed the schoolTs collection of forty titles digitally. The parentsloved the collection, not because certain other titles might prove objectionable, but because itssmall size made life so darn simple! The average parent was working six jobs now in order tomeet expenses, such as buying Nike shoes!Your visit to the grandiose and recently constructed Jesse Helms Library on the campus ofthe University is your first real stop. Because of the SenatorTs general opposition to publicfinancing, the building was funded by the sale of oseat licenses,� an idea made popular backwhen the old Charlotte Panthers football stadium was built, before the team moved to respec-tively, Houston, Cleveland, Mexico City, Branson, Mo., and their current home, Oslo, Norway.Since the old undergraduate library had become obsolete*, renovating that traditional buildingfit in with the plans of the Helms Library very well. This library would be immune to the fearof studentsT lawsuits for malpractice, a major factor in the elimination of the staffed undergradlibrary a few years back (the students-as-consumerTs movement you know). With conservativesbeing opposed to frivolous lawsuits, the Helms staff felt quite secure.Last stop today, the B.P.L., the Public Library where you cut your teeth shelf reading as ateenager. Shelf reading??! ItTs certainly different now. Nothing like the fiction kiosks, where youselect digital novels, existed then. Now you insert novels into your personal, paper-likeMSbook, select font style and size, and start reading " that is if you donTt have the newoContent Projection Glasses� (CPGTs) which project the words before your eyes as you jog,cook, or even drive.Pat Folio, the new Library Director (real title: Library & Development Director) has beenvery successful since 2008. People love The Gap Kids Collection of Books (actual paper books)!Ben & JerryTs on the second floor has literally paid for Biographies Online, which has phone andvideo links to any actual subjects who are alive. Pat has even gotten corporate funding torenovate the decaying Microsoft Branches. Since the slight economic downturn in 2002, theAssistant Director spends all of her time supervising the 46% of the staff made up of workersassigned as a result of the latest welfare reform bill. You have kept up your membership in theFriends group, and the moneymaking Friends-Chilton Auto Shop on the ground floor is bothimpressive and lucrative.At dayTs end, itTs good that the changes in libraries impress you, because your employer, theYTall, has been bought by a conglomerate in Madison, Wisconsin, and a recent job offer fromHarry Tuchmayer, the oOld Man� of North Carolina Libraries is looking pretty good,*Students accessed all information on the antiquated NCLIVE from their dorms or cars digitally. Naturally, allformer library staff members were assigned to cater to the faculty, one librarian for every four professors.Zs the past two years, I have tried to serve N.C.L.A. well as President and haveNorth Carolina Libraries

U.S. Government ElectronicInformation Service Guidelinesrior to the electronic revolu-tion, the world of the FederalDepository Library Program(FDLP) and the depository li-brarian was defined and con-trolled by regularly deliveredboxes of paper and microficheproducts. There was an orderlycataloging and classification system(the Superintendent of DocumentsClassification system) and a legal man-date to provide no-fee access to all citi-zens. The depository librarian was aconfident and knowledgeable informa-tion provider whose chief complaintswere wrinkled shipping lists, fugitivedocuments, and a lack of adequatefunding to purchase privately pro-duced, more efficient bibliographic in-dexes and their accompanying micro-film/fiche collections.In 1988 this comfortable and rou-tine world was altered forever with theintroduction of Census Test Disk No. 2,the first CD-ROM to be included in adepository shipping box.! Since then,hundreds of CD-ROMs have been sentto depository libraries, and they con-tinue to arrive almost daily in the de-pository shipments boxes. Another andmore radical change in the FDLP oc-curred on June 8, 1993, when the Gov-ernment Printing Office Electronic In-formation Access Enhancement Act of1993 (Public Law 103-40) was enactedinto law. 7 P. L. 103-40 revolutionizedthe Depository Program by requiringthe U.S. Government Printing Office(GPO) to make available an electronic,online version of the CongressionalRecord and the Federal Register. Thecombination of these two eventsNorth Carolina Librariesby Ridley R. Kessler, Jr. and Dan Barkleyopened brand new and seemingly un-limited means of providing public ac-cess to federal government informa-tion. Electronic formats now have thepotential of providing faster access togovernment information and to alarger number of resources. Now thepublic is able to capture this informa-tion and take it with them to use ontheir own computers should they pos-sess the necessary hardware and soft-ware to acquire the information in anelectronic format.These new formats offered bettermeans of expanding government infor-mation. Unfortunately, they also pre-sented new problems to depository li-braries. Most of these problems causedby the introduction of electronic for-mats were affecting all libraries " aca-demic, public, special, and law "aswell as the depositories which exist inall of these types of libraries. Costs weregenerally the major and most immedi-ate problem. Depositories now had topurchase adequate computer hardwareand software, CD-ROM drives, printers,cables, and the like for access to thesenew formats. Many libraries had littleadditional funding allocated to pur-chase this equipment. Additionally,there were the technical problems cre-ated with electronic files, their trans-mission, storage, capture, and dissemi-nation.Many librarians had little experi-ence with computer technology, andfew could provide new services re-quired by the technological changes.There were learning curves to over-come as well, and in many cases librar-ies had to hire new or additional staffwith stronger backgrounds in com-puter technology. All of this had to beabsorbed and adjustments made by thedepository library and librarian. At de-pository and professional conferencesand workshops as well as on majorlistservs like GOVDOC-L? and statelistservs like NCDOCS,* much of thediscussion revolved around these prob-lems and difficulties and how theyshould best be addressed and an-swered.It would be safe to say that one ofthe major concerns of depository li-... one of the major concerns of depository libraries wasthe service implications of electronic information; that iswhat public services could or should be offered to thegeneral public and which ones would be the mosteffective, efficient, and yet practical and economical.Fall 1997 " 107

braries was the service implications ofelectronic information; that is whatpublic services could or should be of-fered to the general public and whichones would be the most effective, effi-cient, and yet practical and economical.Public service and ono fee� access havealways been the cornerstones uponwhich the depository system wasfounded and continues to be measuredby. The Printing Act of 1895 states that:...all Government publicationsdelivered to designated depositoriesor other libraries shall be for publicuse without charge.®Documents librarians have over theyears taken great pride in the servicesthey offer. It has been the mindset thatdepository libraries provide a vital linkin the governing process because theyserve as the disseminators of govern-ment information that has been gener-ated by taxpayer dollars. Obviously, theimpact of electronic information onservices was an area of great concern tothese librarians.One of the concerns documents li-brarians needed to address was thetechnical standards that their librarieswould be called upon to meet in orderto provide access to multiple electronicformats. The development of technicalstandards and guidelines has occurredover several years. These standards, de-veloped and implemented by the Li-brary Programs Service (LPS)® of GPO,were transmitted to the Federal Deposi-tory Library Programs (FDLP) via Ad-ministrative Notes.T Naturally, thesestandards have evolved, as did thetechnologies which caused their devel-opment.While attempting to remain asfluid and dynamic as possible, thesenew standards are having difficultieskeeping pace with the technologies.The latest official Recommended Mini-mum Specifications for Public AccessWork Stations in Federal Depository Li-braries appeared in the June 15, 1997,issue of Administrative Notes.* Thesespecifications are meant to serve asguidelines for depositories purchasingnew public access work stations thatwould accommodate most text-basedelectronic products sent to the FDLP. Inaddition, these specifications also haveintegrated recommendations for carto-graphic data. These cartographic speci-fications replace those issued in June of1996 dealing with ospatial data,� i.e.,oto run geographic information sys-tems (GIS) software, or to print mapsfrom electronic sources.�? These were asupplement to the original Public Ac-108 " Fall 1997cess Work Stations specifications. Need-less to say, these recommendationshave stirred a lively debate within thedepository community and have re-quired all participating libraries in theProgram to review carefully their elec-tronic equipment and their ability toservice the new technology.After these standards were estab-lished, the next concern was what ser-vices, both public and technical, weregoing to be necessary to meet the needsof patrons accessing government infor-mation. This issue assumed great impor-tance as it became clear that the 104thCongress was going to mandate that theGPO and FDLP move toward the use ofmore electronic formats. This mandatewas a result of more federal agencies mi-grating their information and making itavailable only in electronic formats, aswell as the strong belief by a cost-con-scious reform Congress that electronicinformation would be much cheaperfor the government to provide. In July1995, Senate Report 104-114, whichaccompanied the Legislative Branch Ap-propriations, 1996 (H.R. 1854), requiredthe GPO to study the FDLP functionsand services and to identify measuresthat would be necessary to ensure asmooth transition to a more electroni-cally based program:The dramatic advances in technol-ogy provide new opportunities forenhancing and improving publicaccess...the Committee directs thePublic Printer to initiate a study,under the direction of the Commit-tee, that: Examines the functionsand services of the Federal Deposi-tory Library Program ...!°The first major depository libraryevent held after the release of SenateReport 104-114 calling for the FDLPstudy was the Fall 1995 Depository Li-brary Council (DLC) meeting held inMemphis, Tennessee, on October 15-18, 1995. The Depository LibraryCouncil is an advisory body made upof fifteen members whose chief duty isto advise the Public Printer of the U. S.Government Printing Office. Themembers are appointed by the PublicPrinter for staggered three-year terms.The September 15, 1995, AdministrativeNotes noted that technological devel-opments were heavily impacting theProgram and, therefore, the theme ofthe DLC meeting would be oThe Roleof Depository Libraries in a New Gov-ernment Information Infrastructure.�This issue also noted the Congressionalrequest for a study to identify necessarychanges to the FDLP to allow it to be-come more electronic and less depen-dent on paper and fiche and that muchof the meeting time would be devotedto this study. This followed with anopen invitation:The Depository Library Councilhopes you will be able to join usthis Fall, as we all work to definethe role and responsibilities ofdepository libraries in the elec-tronic information age.!!Most of the Fall DLC in Memphisdid center around electronic informa-tion and its impact on the FDLP. Theentire afternoon session of October 17was an open forum meeting consistingof DLC members, GPO staff, and the at-large audience. The broad topic wasoDefining Depository Libraries in theElectronic Information Age.�!? The dis-cussions were very intense and broadranging. Primarily discussion centeredaround three areas:1. Legislative/Legal issues2. Library issues3. GPO issues.The issues and the ensuing discus-sion are nicely summarized in the De-cember 5, 1995, Administrative Notes.'3Voiced throughout these discussionswere many librarian concerns regard-ing the implications for public servicein an electronic information environ-ment. Concerns such as the difficultiesin printing and downloading large-scale electronic documents, associatedprinting costs, provision of training forlibrary staff and patrons, increased de-mands by patrons for in-depth assis-tance, and other issues were discussedby the attendees. The conferenceended with more concrete ideas of theproblems involved with governmentinformation in electronic formats, butno real answers for these concerns wereever presented.In addition to the major discus-sions of the DLC, the GPO released itsdraft report requested by CongressionalSenate Report 104-114 on March 29,1996. It was entitled Study to IdentifyMeasures Necessary for a Successful Tran-sition to a More Electronic Federal Deposi-tory Library Program.* The implicationsof the report were that within two tothree years the FDLP could assume thatalmost all government informationwould be available only in electronicformats, i.e., either as tangible elec-tronic products (CD-ROMs/floppies) orvia the Internet. The impact of thiswould be terrific on all libraries cur-rently serving as depositories. It wouldaffect computer equipment require-North Carolina Libraries

ments, staff training and needs, librarybudgets, and especially library services.The Fall 1996 Depository LibraryCouncil meeting was held in Salt LakeCity, Utah, on October 20-24. Becauseservice plays such a large and domi-nant role in depository libraries, andbecause service guidelines have neverbeen officially established in the sameway that technical guidelines havebeen for depositories, Jan Fryer, theChairperson of the DLC, decided thatthe attendees in Salt Lake City shouldfocus their attention on these issues. Itwas the intent and goal of these discus-sions to develop a set of guidelines fordepository libraries for the provision ofservices for government information inelectronic formats. Therefore, duringthe course of the meetings, two sepa-rate discussion sessions were led byRidley Kessler, Documents Librarianfrom the University of North Carolinaat Chapel Hill, in order for as manyattendees to participate as possible. Thetopic of these focus groups was oServiceIssues/Service Guidelines for Govern-ment Information in the ElectronicEnvironment.�!5 The purpose of thediscussions was to flesh out what pub-lic services were possible in an elec-tronic environment and which servicesdepositories should be expected to pro-vide to patrons. These discussions weresummarized and presented as a draftreport at the Spring 1997 DLC held inWashington, DC, on April 14-17. Thereport was presented by Ridley Kesslerand Dan Barkley. It focused on the im-pact that electronic information hasbrought to bear on depository libraryservices. Some of the major impactshighlighted in the report are:e An increased necessity fortraining staff in electronicformats including both tangibleelectronic products (CD-ROMs/floppy disks) and the Internet.e Increased costs for computertechnology necessary to useelectronic formats.e Increased assistance for patronsin using these more complexformats.e Increased problems involved withcopying electronic formatsincluding: the need for largerhard disk space for storage ofinformation; the need for guide-lines governing printing; the needfor FTP sites to store large docu-ments; the need for methods toprovide digitized copies of largedocument files or documents in anon-text format.!°North Carolina LibrariesMany of these concerns presentedabove have been well debated anddocumented over the past ten yearsnot only at earlier Depository LibraryCouncil meetings but also in otherstate and national professional meet-ings as well as the literature aimed atdocument librarianship.More important were the publicservice issues that surfaced duringthese sessions in Salt Lake City. Thosehighlights include:e Importance of signage in theLibrary directing patrons to thegovernment information area ordepartment.e Importance of publicizing thedepartmentTs Web site.e Provision of Web assistance viathe telephone.e Creating and updating printedand electronic guides and othertools useful for assisting patronsin Web browsing and navigating.e Designing and continuallyupdating training for staff andpatrons and providing suitableresource areas which contain thenecessary computer and audio-visual equipment to conduct suchsessions.e Provision of reference assistancevia e-mail.e Importance of Regional Deposi-tory Libraries to take the initiativein creating and maintainingelectronic discussion lists (similarto the national GOVDOC-Llistserv) and to be in the fore-front of design and maintenanceof Web pages through which theirrespective selective depositorylibraries can link.e Providing dedicated technical andstaff support for selective CD-ROM products issued by the GPO(due to the sheer volume of CD-ROMs being received currently,the librarians taking part in thediscussion felt that it was impos-sible to provide oexpert� supportto each one " rather, librariansshould have the flexibility tosupport fully only those productsthat are the most germane totheir patronsT needs. However, itwas deemed a necessity to be ableto provide service for all of theseCD-ROMs with 24-hour delaysand/or circulation of the productseither directly or through Interli-brary loan).¢ Provision of multiple publicaccess workstations. Includedshould be such services asdownloading, printing, storageand retrieval, and perhapsoffering access to multiple CDsthrough a local area network(LAN).!7Also included in the Kessler/Barkley report were ten preliminaryservice guidelines to be used as a start-ing point for future discussions. Thesedraft Depository Library Public ServiceGuidelines for government informa-tion are as follows:ik.2:10.if,Make computer terminalsavailable for general publicMake tangible electronic formatssuch as CD-ROMs and floppiesavailable to the public in a timelymannerA. For non-supported tangibleelectronic products make avail-able within 24 hours notice. Make Internet available forgeneral publicA. WWW accessB. FTP, telnet. Where possible, depositoriesshould mount homepages (orshare with or use homepages fromother depositories in state or fromthe Regional) linked to prominentor useful sites for general public. Make fax service available togeneral public with reasonablelimits on number of pages. Maintain government informa-tion e-mail reference address forpatrons. Allow reasonable amount ofprinting " may limit number ofpages and/or charge reasonableamount per page (should be keptas low as possible). Allow and encourage download-ing to floppiesA. Provide hard disk space onpublic access computers forthis purpose and file compres-sion and splitting softwareB. Provide FTP site where possiblefor downloading purposes andfor short term storage of filesfor patrons. Allow users to e-mail governmentinformation to themselvesProvide adequate help guides anddocumentation of tangibleelectronic products and theInternet for the public. If a de-pository maintains a homepage,then it should provide or link tohelp guides from the pageOffer training in CD-ROMs andInternet resources for public inorder for them to access govern-ment information!®Fall 1997 " 109

At the end of the Kessler/Barkley pre-sentation, the DLC decided to appointa Service Guidelines Working Group tocontinue this work and report back tothe Depository Library Council with aprogress report for the Fall 1997 meet-ing and a final report for the Spring1998 meeting.!°From the suggestions generated bythose participating in the various dis-cussions of the past 18 months, it isapparent that there is a very definiteneed for service guidelines to providedirection and consistency within theFDLP. The general public who pays forthis system should have some reason-able expectations about the kinds ofservice they should expect to receive. Itis for this reason that these guidelinesare important so that the average citi-zen will be guaranteed access to gov-ernment information in any formatthat is offered through the programand that that same citizen can knowwhat his/her rights are when he/shewalks into a depository library.The major question is whether theapproximately 1,400 depositories na-tionwide will be able to meet whateverfinal guidelines are accepted. There arealready depositories that are havingdifficulties in fulfilling the technicalguidelines that GPO has created. Ser-vice guidelines have an even more im-mediate impact on depositories be-cause they require a measurable yard-stick for a more defined set of services.If the guidelines are to work, they mustset some minimum services that all li-braries should be expected to meet,such as being able to provide printing,downloading, and e-mailing of infor-mation by the patron. All librariesshould be expected to be technologi-cally sophisticated enough to help pa-trons with computer access and to pro-vide adequate instructions and guidesfor their clientele. These types of guide-lines will require the current deposito-ries to study carefully their presentpractices and policies and to be ablewillingly to make the necessarychanges to make the FDLP the best thatit can be.In North Carolina, the current 34depositories have been very successfulin making the transition to electronicformats. Megan DregerTs article in thisissue of North Carolina Libraries showsthat almost all of the libraries have ad-equate hardware to implement in-creased services. All but one of the li-braries subscribe to NCDOCS andmany have electronic homepages withWeb access. At this point, North Caro-110 " Fall 1997lina depositories should have no prob-lems with any service guidelines.It remains to be seen, however, ex-actly what form these guidelines willfinally take. They may be more strin-gent than the draft guidelines or lessso. They may be finalized only as sug-gestions or as policy guidelines for de-positories to work toward. They could,on the other hand, be more exactingstandards with tougher levels of ser-vices to meet. Not all depositories maychoose to stay in the program if ahigher level of service is required.There is also some debate over whetherthere needs to be 1,400 depositories ina more technologically open and acces-sible system.Whatever the final outcome, offi-cial service guidelines are necessary forthe current FDLP program. Theseguidelines must be fluid and dynamic,much as the technological environ-ment is today. Revisions must be madequickly, whenever the changes dictate,and must be flexible enough to ensurenot only adequate participation by asmany depositories as possible but alsoto ensure that the needs of depositorylibrary constituents continue to be metin a timely, effective, and efficientmanner, with the continued emphasisplaced on no-fee access.References' Ridley R. Kessler, Jr., oA Brief His-tory of the Federal Depository LibraryProgram: A Personal Perspective,� Jour-nal of Government Information 23, no. 4(1996): 374.2 oAn Act to Establish in the Gov-ernment Printing Office a Means of En-hancing Electronic Public Access to aWide Range of Federal Electronic Infor-mation� (P.L.103-40, 8 June 1993), 107U. S. Statutes at Large, 112.3 GOVDOC-L is an interactive e-mail discussion list for all persons inter-ested in government information.Many of the subscribers are depositorylibrarians.* NCDOCS is a closed interactive e-mail discussion list for all North Caro-lina Federal Depository Librarians andtheir staffs.5 oAn Act Providing for the PublicPrinting and Binding and the Distribu-tion of Public Documents� (12 January1895), 28 U.S. Statutes at Large, 620.® The Library Programs Service isthat part of GPO which directly man-ages the approximately 1,400 Deposi-tory Libraries and is responsible for thecollection development and distribu-tion of government information forthe program.T Administrative Notes is the newslet-ter of the Depository Library Program.8 Administrative Notes 18, 9, (1997):4-8.° Administrative Notes 17, 8 (1996):14-15.10 U.S. Congress, Senate, Committeeon Appropriations, Legislative BranchAppropriations, 1996, 104th Cong., 1stSess., 1995, S. Rept. 114, 48.11 oInvitation to Fall Council Meeting,�Administrative Notes 16, 12 (1995): 1.12 Jbid., 4.13 oReport of the Depository LibraryCouncil to the Executive WorkingGroup of the Study to Identify Mea-sures Necessary for a Successful Transi-tion to a More Electronically Based Fed-eral Depository Library Program,� Ad-ministrative Notes 16, 16 (1995): 11-22.14 Report to Congress: Study to Iden-tify Measures Necessary for a SuccessfulTransition to a More Electronic FederalDepository Library Program: as Re-quired by Legislative Branch Appro-priations Act, 1996, P.L.104-53. Wash-ington, D.C.: U. $. Government Print-ing Office, 1996. (GP3.2: EL 2/3)1S Administrative Notes 17, 14 (1996): 3.16 Ridley R. Kessler, Jr. Service Issues/Guidelines for Government Information inthe Electronic Environment and DepositoryLibraries: A Report to the Depository Li-brary Council. Presented by RidleyKessler and Dan Barkley at the Spring1997 Depository Library Council Meet-ing: Arlington, Virginia. Available FTP:ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/unc/davis-docs/KESSLER/service. txt.17 Ibid.18 Ibid.19 Administrative Notes 18, 10G99 32HARQDLA.Tene Houto NCLAContributing Members:Tom BroadfootBroadfootTs Publishing CompanyDavid S. FerrieroDuke UniversityDr. Benjamin F. Speller, Jr.North Carolina Central UniversitySOLINETNorth Carolina Libraries

Public Service Issues ofU.S. Government InformationIn North Carolinahe United States Governmentproduces an enormous amountof information that is useful tobusinesses, scholars, and scien-tists, as well as the general public.It is critical that this important in-formation be accessible to the public,and the Federal Depository Library Pro-gram (FDLP) was established to thisend. The mission of this program is toprovide equitable, efficient, timely, anddependable public access to the federalgovernment information within thescope of the program at no cost to theuser. There are depository libraries in al-most every Congressional Districtacross the country.Depository libraries are required tomeet certain standards in order to bepart of the FDLP. Selective depositorylibraries are those that elect to receiveonly a portion of what is available fromthe government and to keep these ma-terials for a minimum of five years. Re-gional depository libraries are requiredto receive 100% of everything thatcomes through the FDLP.Recently technology has broughtchanges to government publishing andthe FDLP. Federal agencies increasinglyare using new formats such as magnetictape, computer disks, CD-ROMs, andthe Internet for their publications. TheGovernment Printing Office now is pre-paring to move materials in the FDLP toelectronic formats. Because federal de-pository libraries are required by law tosupport this material, it is unclear whatservices should be offered, in terms ofaddressing technical difficulties, de-mands on staff and equipment, andother issues relating to electronic for-mats. Unless libraries are in a positionNorth Carolina Librariesby Megan Dregerto furnish this equipment and staffing,it will be very difficult for them to ful-fill their mission as depository libraries.Thus, the advent of electronic formatshas greatly affected the FDLP and thepublic services traditionally offered indepository libraries. This article de-scribes the results of a survey of NorthCarolina selective depository librariesregarding these issues.MethodologyThe survey was sent out in December1996 to the thirty-three selective de-pository libraries in North Carolina. Itwas designed to gather information thatrepresents the current state of publicaccess to electronic government infor-mation in those libraries. Thirty-one ofthe 33 returned the survey for a 94%response rate.Selective Depository Library ProfileThe majority of the selective depositorylibraries in North Carolina that re-sponded to this survey are in academicinstitutions (N=28, 90%). This is furtherbroken down by public academic insti-tutions (N=12, 39%), private academicinstitutions (N=12, 39%), and law li-braries within academic institutions(N=4, 13%). Other types of libraries in-clude public libraries (N=2, 6%), andcourt libraries (N=1, 3%).The collections of selective deposi-tory libraries vary greatly, since these li-braries can choose from the thousandsof items in the FDLP to meet the needsof their users. The percentage of federaldepository items selected by the librar-ies in the survey ranges from 2% toabout 86%, with the majority selectingless than 50%.The arrangement of a documentscollection can have an impact on its useand accessibility. The majority of librar-ies responding (N=25, 81%) have aseparate documents collection. That is,at least 75% of the documents collec-tion is kept together physically and keptseparate from the rest of the collection.Four libraries (13%) have partially inte-grated collections, which means that aportion of the documents collection iskept separate and a portion is integratedinto the rest of the collection. The tworemaining libraries (6%) respondinghave an integrated collection, meaningthat at least 75% of the documents col-lection is integrated with the rest of thecollection.EquipmentFor questions regarding equipment,respondents were asked to include allmachines (except Online Public AccessComputers) available in the library forpublic use of government information,The percentage of federal depository items selected bythe libraries in the survey ranges from 2% to about86%, with the majority selecting less than 50%.Oa nS i ae CS, ad th OS Peele aie eee ee ek 7a LS Se ps Oy ON NS hear ee FeedFall 1997 " 111

including any staff machines used formediated assistance to patrons. Becauseof the wide variety of library arrange-ments these instructions do not applyto all libraries, producing some incon-sistencies in the answers given.All 31 depository libraries in thesurvey have workstations available forpublic use. The number of workstationsranges from 1 to 153, yet most librariesdo not have more than 20 workstations(see Figure1).Figure 1: Number of workstationsr)vo=i]L2ond"°fvo2£=7A1to10 11to20The majority of the libraries in thesurvey have workstations that are a ver-sion of Windows (N=29, 94%). Thereare also a small number of libraries withDOS (N=6, 15%) or Macintosh (N= 2,5%) machines. In addition, most librar-ies (N=27, 87%) have at least one work-station that is networked in some way.In fact, there are only 3 libraries (10%)that have exclusively stand-alone work-stations (i.e., not networked).As might be expected, the majorityof libraries (N=24, 77%) have at leastone shared workstation for use withboth government documents and re-sources from other departments withinthe library. Seventeen libraries (55%)have one or more designated docu-ments department workstations that areprimarily for use with government in-formation.Printers are important for use withelectronic information. All libraries inthe survey have printers available forpublic use. They include dot matrix, inkjet, and laser printers. Because many li-braries provide more than one type ofFigure 2: Types of printers available for public useNo�a~=S~~2=dl°heo2£=raDot Inkjet InkJet Laser LaserMatrix (b/w) (color) (b/w) (color)112 " Fall 199721 to 30 31 ormoreOther Noprinter, the breakdown shows the num-ber of libraries with at least one printerin the following categories: dot matrix,black and white ink jet printers, colorink jet printers, black and white laserprinters, and color laser printers (see fig-ure 2). It is interesting to see that laserprinters are almost as prevalent as dotmatrix printers.Because of the demands on theworkstation, it is important to have ad-equate equipment. In 1996 Library Pro-grams Service of the GovernmentPrinting Office published oRecom-mended Minimum Specificationsfor Public Access Workstations inFederal Depository Libraries,� stat-ing that ocomputer equipment indepository libraries must be suffi-cient to allow timely and equitablepublic access to the government in-formation products available via In-ternet, CD-ROMs, and should allowprinting or downloading informa-tion selected by the user.�! Thesespecifications do not attempt to de-scribe a universal standard or theideal workstation. Instead, they areointended to assist in the purchase ofnew public access work stations capableof using most text-based FDLP elec-tronic information products.�? It is im-portant to remember that the guide-lines are not intended to be applied ret-roactively and much of this equipmentmay have been purchased before theguidelines were issued. Budget limita-tions also may have af-fected the librariesT deci-sions regarding equipment.The survey includedquestions regarding thenumber of workstationsmeeting the minimumguidelines for memory,hard disk drive, and pro-cessor speed.* Althoughmore than half of the li-braries (N=19, 61%) metthe minimum specifica-tion for memory, fewer metthe specifications for pro-cessor speed and hard disk drive. Only8 libraries (26%) have one or moreworkstations that meet all 3 specifica-tions. It is not clear whetherthere are any single worksta-tions that meet all 3 specifi-cations since the questionswere asked separately. Al-though the survey did notaddress the specifications forprinters, the results do showthat 24 libraries (77%) po-tentially meet the minimumrecommended guideline for�oo=S=2=~°_o2£S7APrintersprinters because they have either an inkjet or a laser printer.4CD-ROM ResourcesAll but two of the libraries currentlyhold federal depository CD-ROM titles.The reported number of CD-ROM titlesheld ranges from 2 to 1200. Becausefewer than 400 CD-ROM titles are avail-able through the FDLP, some of the an-swers Obviously have included thenumber of CD-ROM pieces rather thanthe number of CD-ROM titles. By elimi-nating the answers exceeding the num-ber of possible titles (4 responses), therange is 2 to 253 CD-ROM titles.Twenty-eight of the 29 librarieswith depository CD-ROMs make themajority of their CD-ROMs available,through installation, installation by re-quest, circulation, or some combinationof these methods. Due to the differ-ences in platforms, hardware and soft-ware requirements, and other inconsis-tencies between CD-ROM titles, it canbe very difficult to maintain access to alltitles. This is particularly true of librar-ies that hold a large number of CD-ROMs or do not have adequate techni-cal support. With this in mind, it is en-couraging to see that almost all librar-ies that have depository CD-ROMs areproviding access to them.The differences between the vari-ous CD-ROM titles also makes it diffi-cult to provide assistance to patrons forall of the CD-ROM products. The librar-Figure 3: How users are given assistance withdepository CD-ROMsClasses One-to-one SmallHelpsheets Other Nogroups assistanceian first must learn the contents andfeatures in order to teach others or cre-ate help sheets. This is a very time-con-suming task that is made even more dif-ficult when the CD-ROM has no docu-mentation. The librarian then mustlearn to use the product as well as deter-mine its contents.All of the 29 libraries that have de-pository CD-ROMs provide assistancewith them to users within the library,with the exception of one library whichindicated that there was no assistanceavailable for some CD-ROM titles. ThisNorth Carolina Libraries

assistance is given through user instruc-tion classes, on a one-on-one basis ondemand, to small groups on demand,with help sheets, or some combinationof these options. The most commonmethod of assistance is on a one-on-onebasis as needed. This is not surprisinggiven the one-on-one nature of refer-ence work.Internet ResourcesThe Internet has made enormouschanges in the field of government in-formation. In part, this is because it hasmade an enormous amount of govern-ment information easily accessible. Theexpense of equipment,keeping up with the tech-nology, and the difficultiesLibrary PoliciesAll libraries have printers available forpublic use, though printing policiesvary between libraries. Due to the costof equipment and supplies, many librar-ies have page limits or charge fees forprinting. Interestingly, well over half ofthe libraries (N=19, 61%) reported thatprinting was free with no page limit.Three libraries (10%) provide free print-ing but with a page limit that rangedfrom 10 to 50 pages. Four libraries(13%) provide free printing up to a pagelimit and then charge a fee for all print-ing above that limit. For these libraries," 4; Internet tools made available to the publicthe page limit is between 5 and 8 pagesand then there is a fee of $.02 to $.20per page. Three libraries (10%) charge afee for any printing, and library (3%)answered oother,� indicating that print-ing is done for free in the nearby com-puter lab. One library (3%) did not re-spond to this question.Another important policy issue in-volves the options available for use withelectronic files. All but one library pro-vide some options. The majority (N=28,93%) of libraries in the survey allowfiles to be saved to a floppy disk. Slightlymore than half of the libraries allow thefiles to be e-mailed (N=16, 53%). Manylibraries also allowfiles to be FTPed to apatronTs accountlocating some informationhave brought new chal-lenges to documents librar-ians however.Four libraries (13%) donot provide Internet ac-cess. All of the 27 libraries(87%) that provide Inter-net access have WWWgraphical access (e.g.,Netscape, Mosaic, orMicrosoft Explorer). In ad-dition to graphical WWW,some libraries also provideWWW non-graphical ac-cess (e.g., Lynx). Othertools that are available in-clude Telnet (an Internetprotocol that allows usersto log onto a remote com-puter), FTP (File TransferProtocol, a tool for movingfiles from one computer toanother), Gopher (a toolthat allows users to accessnetwork resources througha menu system), WAIS(Wide Area InformationServers, allows users tosearch databases), and e-mail (see Figure 4).All of the 27 librarieswndSeShe2="°_o2iS}~eeNanNumber of Librariesa(N=9, 30%). A smallnumber of librariesallow files to be savedto a machineTs harddrive(N=2, 7%) andfiles to be compressed(N=2, 7%). No librar-ies reported allowingfiles to be copied to a(non-graphical)Figure 5: How users are given assistance with the Internetremovable cartridgedrive or allowing filesto be split using a filesplitter.Finally, commer-cial software frequently isused in conjunction withHelpsheetsBookmarksLibrary'shome pagehome pagesReferenceFigure 6: Commercial software availableelectronic government in-formation. In some cases thecommercial software actu-ally is necessary to use thegovernment documents,while at other times the soft-ware simply makes it moreconvenient. There is sometype of commercial softwareavailable in 19 libraries(61%). (see Figure 6). This in-cludes word processing soft-ware such as Word orWordPerfect, limitedediting software suchas Notepad or Write,NoassistancelibraryTs homepage, usingother homepages, andoother.� The oother� cat-egory included classes andworkshops in the library(see Figure 5).that provide access to the 14_Internet also provide as- 12sistance. The majority of onathe assistance is done at 2the reference desk as | & 8needed. Other assistance aincludes help sheets, 8bookmarks, using the | 8ziZNorth Carolina LibrariesprocessorStatisticalDatabaseSpreadsheetstatistical packagessuch as SAS or SPSS,database manage-ment tools such asdBASE, spreadsheetsoftware such as Ex-cel or Lotus, andGeographic Informa-tion Systems (GIS)software such asMapInfo.ConclusionAs government docu-ments are increas-Ss5o=ie)�°ZFall 1997 " 113

ingly being made available in electronicformat, public access to electronic ma-terials is a critical issue. In fact, manydocuments are available solely in elec-tronic format, which forces libraries tohave the necessary equipment and staffif they are going to be able to provideaccess to the information.The results of this survey indicatethat the selective depository libraries inthe state are making great strides in pro-viding access to material in electronicformat. This is no small accomplish-ment considering the variety among 31libraries in terms of staff size, budget,technical support, and other factors. Infact, the libraries overall show a remark-able level of public access to electronicgovernment documents.There is a wide range in collectionsize and equipment. Most libraries havefewer than 20 workstations. It is impos-sible to determine whether this numberis enough without knowing the numberof patrons being served and howheavily the machines are being used.Some respondents explained that theyhave plans to expand the number ofworkstations available to the public, sothis may indicate that in some casesmore workstations are necessary.It is critical that the equipment beadequate, yet this is also difficult tomeasure without examining each situ-ation. One measure is the recom-mended minimum specifications out-lined by the Library Programs Service.These are useful measures because theydescribe minimum requirements. If li-braries cannot meet the current mini-mum requirements, they may have dif-ficulty providing access to electronicmaterial and keeping up with new tech-nology.In fact, many libraries do not haveworkstations meeting the minimumspecifications. Only eight libraries(26%) met all three specifications. Thissurvey did not address other hardwarecomponents such as monitors and mo-dems, and so the number of librariesmeeting all the specifications is prob-ably much lower. This indicates thatthese libraries perhaps are in need ofnew equipment.What is more encouraging is thefact that printing and downloading areallowed in most of the libraries in thesurvey. All libraries have printers avail-able, and most even have ink jet or la-ser printers. The policy regarding print-ing varies, but it is significant that theservice is provided in some way in alllibraries. It should be noted that manylibraries charge fees for printing, whichcan be seen as contrary to the basic114 " Fall 1997Questionnaire:Public Service Issues of Selective Depository Libraries for Government Informationin the Electronic EnvironmentSection 1: Selective Depository Library Profile1. What type is your library? (optional)[ ] Private academic institution [ ] Public academic institution[ ] Law library (within an academic institution)[.] Public library [ ] Court library [ ] State library[ ] Other2. What percentage of federal depository items is selected? %What is the size of the federal depository collection in volumes?4. What is the physical arrangement of your documents collection?[ ] Separate (i.e. at least 75% of the documents collection is kept together physically and keptseparate from the rest of the collection)[ ] Partially integrated (i.e. a portion of the document collection is kept separate and a portion isintegrated into the rest of the collection)[ ] Integrated (i.e. at least 75% of the documents collection is integrated with the rest of thecollection)[ ] State agency libraryoSection 2: EquipmentNote: For all questions relating to the number of public workstations and other equipment, please include all machines (exceptOnline Public Access Catalogs) available in the library for public use of government information. This includes any staffmachines used for mediated assistance to patrons. Please consult any technical support staff you may have for questionsregarding equipment.5. Do you have workstations available for public use? _[ ] Yes [ ] No (ifno, please go to Section 3)6. Please indicate the number of public workstations in the following categories:Documents department workstations (i.e. primarily for use with government documents)Shared workstations (i.e. workstations for use with both government documents andresources from other departments within the library)Other7. Please indicate the number of dedicated public machines in each category:Pc - DOS PC- Windows 3.x PC- Windows ~95 MacintoshOther.8. Please indicate the number of public machines in each of the following categories:Stand alone workstation(s) (i.e. the workstations are not networked)Workstations which are connected by a networkOtherDonTt know9. Aside from any designated Geographic Information Systems (GIS) machines, please indicate thenumber of your public machines that meet the recommended minimum specifications for memory,defined as 16 megabytes (MB) of RAM.*Workstations which meet this specification DonTt know10. Aside from any designated Geographic Information Systems (GIS) machines, please indicate thenumber of your public machines that meet the recommended minimum guidelines for the harddisk drive, defined as 1.2 gigabytes (GB) capacity.*Workstations which meet this specification DonTt know11. Aside from any designated Geographic Information Systems (GIS) machines, please indicate thenumber of your public machines that meet the recommended minimum guidelines for processorspeed, defined as a Pentium chip operating at 100 MHz.*_____ Workstations which meet this specification _____ DonTt know12. How many CD-ROM drives are available via public machines?13. Please indicate the number of workstations that fall into the following categories:Workstations that are dedicated for CD-ROM use onlyWorkstations that are dedicated for Internet use onlyWorkstations that are used for both Internet and CD-ROMsOther14. Does the library own a CD-ROM recordable device? [ ] Yes [ ] NoIf yes, what do you use it for?15. Do you have printers available for public use? [ ] Yes [ ] No (lf no, please go to Section 3)16. Please indicate the number of printers available to the public in each category:Dot matrix printer Ink Jet printer (black and white) Ink Jet printer (color)Laser printer (black and white) Laser printer (color)Other.No printers are available to the publicSection 3: CD-ROM Resources17. Does your library currently select federal depository CD-ROMs?[ ] Yes [ ] No (lf no, please go to Section 4)18. How many federal depository CD-ROM titles do you hold?19. How are the CD-ROMs made available for public use? Please indicate the percentage of CD-ROMtitles that fall into the following categories:% are already loaded onto workstations or a network% are installed by request only___ % are circulated% Other.% are not otherwise available to the public* Library Programs Services, oRecommended Minimum Specifications for Public AccessWorkstations in Federal Depository Libraries,� Administrative Notes (May 15, 1996): 6-8.North Carolina Libraries

20. How are users within the library given help with depository CD-ROMs? (check all that apply)[ ] Through user instruction classes [ ] On a one-to-one basis on demand[ ] To small groups on demand [ ] With help sheets[ ] Other[ ] No assistance givenSection 4: Internet Resources21. Do you provide Internet access in the Documents section?[ ] Yes [ ] No (If no, please go on to Section 5)22. What type of Internet connection do you have? (check all that apply){ ] Direct connection [ ] Dial up connection to the Internet via modem[ ] Other[ ] DonTt know23. What Internet tools are available to the public? (check all that apply)[ ] WWW Graphical) e.g. Netscape, Mosaic, Microsoft Explorer[ ] WWW (non-graphical) e.g. Lynx[ ] Telnet (an Internet protocol that allows users to log onto a remote computer)[ ] FTP (File Transfer Protocol: a tool for moving files from one computer to another)[ ] Gopher (a tool that allows users to access network resources through a menu system)[ ] WAIS (Wide Area Information Servers: allows users to search databases)[ ] E-mail[ ] Other24. How are users assisted with using the Internet? (check all that apply)[ ] With help sheets[ ] With bookmarks prepared for the most common sites[ ] The Documents Section has its own homepage with links to most common sites[ ] By using the homepages of other universities or organizations[ ] Reference assistance[ ] Other[ ] No assistance is givenSection 5: Library Policies25. What is the policy regarding printing?[ ] Printing is free and without any page limit[ ] Printing is free, but with a limit of pages[ ] Printing is free up to a limit of pages and then there is a fee of[ ] Printing is allowed with a fee of[ ] No printing is allowed[ ] Other26. What kind of public service is available to remote users? (check all that apply)[ ] Phone reference [ ] Fax reference [ ] E-mail reference[ ] Other27. What options are available to patrons for electronic files? (check all that apply)[ ] Files may be saved to floppy disk[ ] Files may be saved to the machineTs hard drive] Files may be copied to a removable cartridge drive (e.g. a ZIP drive)] Files may be FTPed to patronTs account] Files may be emailed to patrons] Large files may be compressed] Large files may be split using a file splitter]]Other.No options for electronic files28. What statistics are kept of electronic documents? (check all that apply)[ ] User assistance statistics [ ] Use statistics[ ] Other[ ] No statistics are kept of electronic documents (if no, go to question 29)If statistics are kept, how are they gathered? (check all that apply)[ ] Using an electronic metering system e.g. SiteMeter, App Meter, etc.[ ] Recording by hand the number of questions[ { Other29. Do you have commercial software available in the documents section for patrons to use in conjunctionwith electronic documents? (check all that apply)[ ] Yes, word processing software such as Word or WordPerfect[ ] Yes, limited editing software such as Notepad or Write[ ] Yes, statistical packages such as SAS or SPSS[ ] Yes, database management tools such as dBASE[ ] Yes, spreadsheet software such as Excel or Lotus[ ] Yes, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software such as MapInfo[2lelYes, otherNo, there is no commercial software available to patrons30. What type of assistance with electronic resources and services do you expect from your regional?check all that apply)] Technical computer help] Training]]]]HelpsheetsHelp with downloading large filesHelp by making FTP sites available([[[[[[ ] Other* Due to space contraints, part of the formatting of this questionnaire has been changed.North Carolina Librariesprinciple of no fee access to govern-ment documents. Another option,downloading to a floppy disk, is al-lowed in 93% of the libraries. The abil-ity to print and download informationis included in the recommended mini-mum specifications of the Library Pro-grams Service, and almost all libraries inthe survey meet this guideline.Another strength is the high levelof support for depository CD-ROMproducts. Twenty-nine libraries (94%)select depository CD-ROMs, and pro-vide access and user assistance for them.This is an impressive 94% of the librar-ies. All of the libraries that participatedin the survey have CD-ROM drivesavailable on public machines. Lookingat these figures together, there is a greatdeal of public access to depository CD-ROMs in the selective depository librar-ies of North Carolina.There was also strong support ofgovernment information on the Inter-net. Twenty-seven libraries provide In-ternet access and all twenty-seven pro-vide assistance with the Internet. This is87% of the libraries, which is lowerthan the percentage of libraries support-ing CD-ROMs. Perhaps this is due to thefact that the CD-ROMs are tangible elec-tronic products that are formally part ofthe FDLP.The depository library communityin North Carolina obviously is workingvery hard to provide access to govern-ment information in electronic format.Because this is a relatively new area ofservice, it remains to be seen how theseissues will be dealt with as new technol-ogy emerges. It is not yet clear whatkind of service can or should be pro-vided. In spite of these difficult changes,it is clear that the depository libraries inNorth Carolina will continue to offerthe best service possible.References! Library Programs Service, oRecom-mended Minimum Specifications forPublic Access Workstations in FederalDepository Libraries,� AdministrativeNotes 17 (May 15, 1996): 6-8.2 Ibid, 6:3 Tbid., 7. The recommended mini-mum specifications included in the sur-vey are o16 megabytes (Mb) of RAM� formemory, o1.2 gigabytes (Gb) capacity�for hard disk drive, and an oIBM-com-patible Pentium chip operating at 100mhz� for processor speed.4 Ibid. The recommended minimumspecification for printers is an oink jet orlaser printer which supports PostScript.2 Mb memory. Consider color.�Fall 1997 " 115

Documents Home Pages:Questions of Beauty, Practicality and Simplicityuring the last decade, the In-ternet has become an invalu-able source for the most cur-rent government informationboth national and interna-tional. Every state in the UnitedStates now maintains a homepage, typically providing accessto state government information. Localgoverning bodies use the Internet forboth marketing and public awareness.International organizations also are en-joying an increased presence on theWeb. Documents librarians are pivotalin providing access to federal, state, lo-cal and international governments,agencies and organization sites, and in-formation.One way to organize and presentthe wealth of government informationon the Internet is by creating andmaintaining a documents home page.Many libraries already have done this;others are in various stages of planningor execution. Regardless of the stage ofthe process, there are a number of im-portant things to think about as youbegin to create or revise your docu-ments Web pages.Having recently been through theprocess of redesigning a Documentsdepartment home page, we learned sev-eral lessons about beauty, practicality,simplicity, and the Web. During theprocess of reevaluating the service weprovided via the World Wide Web, weasked ourselves a number of questionsto provide sound reasons for the level ofservice we wanted to provide. Severalthemes emerged from our discussion: 1)our user community; 2) our collection;3) what we provide that is unique; and4) finding a page design that fulfills all116 " Fall 1997by William Spiveyof our requirements. This article is notso much about how we are answeringthese questions; rather it seeks to posethe questions in a public forum. Ouranswers may not be yours, but the ques-tions are helpful ones. We hope our ex-perience will give you some things tothink about as you consider the role ofthe Internet, and more particularly therole of a Documents home page, in theservice that you provide.Current Situation in NCNorth Carolina depository libraries ap-pear to be providing good access to gov-ernment information on the Internet.North Carolina currently is home to 43depository libraries, of which 33 are fed-eral depository libraries. Nineteen of thefederal depositories also provide accessto North Carolina state depositoryitems, and several are de-positories for interna-tional organization publi-cations as well. Ten NorthCarolina state documentsdepositories service exclu-sively, or at least primarily,state depository items. Ofthe 33 federal deposito-ries, 16 maintain separatedocuments home pages,and 9 others provide ac-cess to some federal linksthrough the library homepage, or a reference de-partment page. (Not all ofthe depository librarieshave separate Documentsdepartments.) Twelve ofthe thirteen libraries pro-viding combined access tofederal and North Caro-lina documents reflect this in theirpages. There are also several instances inwhich access to federal, state, and inter-national links is provided regardless ofany official depository status.Coverage of federal and state infor-mation sources varies widely from insti-tution to institution. By far, the federalinformation pages are much more de-veloped, although the depth andbreadth of coverage varies, probably de-pendent on local needs and resources.North Carolina documents do receivesome coverage, largely in instanceswhere NC documents are at an institu-tion that is also a federal depository.Coverage varies from a brief collectiondescription to extensive agency, infor-mation, and data links. In most in-stances where a separate page was notmaintained by a department, links haveFigure 1: Depository Libraries and DocumentsHome Pages in North CarolinaPrimarily | Primarily | Fed/Federal State State | TotalDepositoryLibrariesin NC 14DocumentsHome pages311 - Four additional libraries provide access to somefederal government links from the main library pageor from a reference department page. Three ofthese four also provide links to other institutionswith departmental pages.2 " Most of these libraries have collection descriptions,but do not devote a home page to NC sources.3 " Most of the libraries in this category not maintain-ing a departmental page do provide some links tofederal and state information, and/or links to otherinstitutions with departmental pages.North Carolina Libraries

been provided to other institutions, lo-cal or otherwise, with a separate Docu-ments page presenting a variety of links.Whom Do You Serve?This brief look into the presence or ab-sence of Documents home pages in theState is not meant to encourage every-one to jump on to the documents-on-the-Net bandwagon. What it reveals isthat a number of you probably arethinking about developing Web accessto your collections, or revisiting the ac-cess that you provide, given the manychanges that may have taken placesince you first put up your pages. Thatyou will or will not provide Internetaccess through your library may havealready been decided. What you do, ordo differently, with your Web space de-serves some careful consideration andplanning.The first important thing to con-sider in the earliest stages of Web devel-opment is your audience. Recent trendsin library literature reveal an ever-in-creasing focus on the user in librarytransactions. This includes library pa-trons visiting or interacting with the li-brary via a home page. In her 1996 ar-ticle oGovernment Web Pages: theLights Are On But Nobody Is Home,�Julie Johnson, while applauding thegeneral principles driving the prolifera-tion of government information on theInternet, laments the fact that manyagency Web pages are designed fromthe agencyTs perspective, and seem topay little attention to user needs.! Li-braries can fall into this trap with theirhome pages as well. Finding out aboutyour users is not an easy task. Much ofthe best information is derived from theone-on-one contact that takes place ina public service environment. The dif-ficulty of assessing your Internet audi-ence stems from the fact that Web ac-cess is not truly site dependent. In otherwords, having access to a computer anda Web browser is all that is needed forusers from practically anywhere to beable to access your pages. An addedlevel of difficulty for depository librar-By far, the federal informationpages are much more developed,although the depth and breadthof coverage varies, probablydependent on local needsand resources.North Carolina Librariesies that are part of a larger institution isthat they have to take into consider-ation obligations to several user com-munities.Stop and ask yourself what yourpriorities are with regard to your users.Is your target audience the students andfaculty of a small liberal arts college ormajor research library? Is it the peoplein your community? The citizens of thestate of North Carolina? All of these?What types of information do they typi-cally ask for when they come to the ref-erence/information desk or call you onthe phone? How many of them havecomputers at home? at work? in theirdepartment? How comfortable are theyusing new technologies? Answers tothese questions will provide the frame-work for selecting links, as well as formaking page design issues.Who Are We?Once you have decided who your mainaudience is going to be, it is time to takea good look at what you have to offer.If you are going to put up a home page,why not create something unique toyour institution? Questions to ask your-self at this stage are: What exactly doyou have in your collection? What ismost heavily used? What do you nothave? What is unique about your col-lection? I emphasize uniqueness, be-cause only you have the in-depthknowledge of your user groups, andknow how your collection meets, orcould meet, their needs. Consequently,only you can put together a Web pack-age that directly addresses your particu-lar usersT needs. How you put materialstogether and present them, therefore,will be more or less unique.One of the nice things about theproliferation of government informa-tion on the Internet is that you nowhave access to things that you do notown, and can use electronic versions ofdocuments, data, and other govern-ment information to supplement yourprint/microfiche/CD-ROM collection.You may decide that a product on theWeb provides more flexibility for yourusers than a print equiva-lent. A Web document ordatabase may offer suchhandy features as keywordsearching and/or data thatcan be downloaded and ma-nipulated in a way that ismore meaningful to a pa-tron. You may decide to pro-vide access to electronic ver-sions of documents simplybecause it means that morepeople can have access tothe same information at the same time.As such, the Internet allows you to ex-pand your collection, as well as increaseocirculation.�Back to BasicsAt this point, you should have a goodidea of who your users are and whattheir needs are, and some idea of thepackage you want to present. The nextstep is to look for and evaluate links. Ifyou decide to find all of your links per-sonally, you may feel a bit overwhelmedby the quantity of information that youfind on the Internet. Be not dismayed.Experiment with different Web searchengines and compare the results. Readthe search help that these sites provideso that you know exactly what you aresearching, and how to do a good search.Peter S. Morville and Susan J. Wickhorsthave published an article entitled,oBuilding Subject-Specific Guides to In-ternet Resources,� that provides a suc-cinct and efficient method for locatingresources on the Internet.� The articlefocuses mainly on the selection processfor Internet sites, but also touches ondesign and publicity issues. It will giveyou more detailed information on howto do Web research, and where to finddifferent types of materials, than spaceaffords me here. Although Morville andWickhorst approach Web searchingmore from a subject bibliographerTspoint of view, remember that what youare creating is essentially a resource toolor subject bibliography for accessinggovernment information.You do not necessarily have to startfrom scratch, however. You may chooseto start from the documents home pageof another institution to discover whatthey have already located that might beuseful for you.Grace York focuses particularly ongovernment documents in her 1995 ar-ticle, oNew Media/Traditional Values:Selecting Government Information onthe Internet.�* York provides some in-sight into the application of traditionallibrarian roles to the use of the Internet,emphasizing our functions as selectors,evaluators, and organizers of informa-tion. She states that, oDocuments Li-brarians have traditionally selected fortheir clienteles the best materials froma vast arena of print and microformsources. Selecting documents on theInternet is an extension of their role asnavigators through the world of infor-mation.�* The body of YorkTs article out-lines nine selection criteria including:1) Projected use2) Availability of explanatorydocumentationFall 1997 " 117

3) How the information site isorganized4) Physical format of individualdocuments5) Timeliness of updates to the site6) Avoid duplication of effort7) Is the site the best source8) Is a Web document the best formatand9) Is a Web site the exclusive source.*Keep the fundamentals of librarianshipin mind as you navigate the Web andmake decisions about what your com-munity needs and wants, and how youwant present it.Design IssuesYour usersT needs should be the forcethat drives your home page, and asJohnson goes on to state, oIt is the con-tent being delivered, not the technol-ogy.�° Keep this in mind as you makecontent decisions, select your links, andorganize your pages. Remember thatyour home page also will be a publicface for your department or unit "aface that will be seen by a very wideaudience, as well as a means of access touseful information. Later in her article,Johnson points out that, oAt presentthe Web is most appropriate for publicrelations or for distributing informationto an international market.�� (I woulddisagree with her choice of the phraseomost appropriate,� substituting omostoften used� instead.) This conceptshould influence you as you make de-sign decisions. Try to develop a designthat will meet your usersT needs and bepleasing to the eye, thus giving a favor-able impression of your library. (I al-ways say that I want my home pages tobe practical yet beautiful, and that thereis much beauty in simplicity.)Once you have seen the wealth ofinformation that the Internet can pro-vide, you may find yourself battling aninitial tendency to put anything andeverything up on your home page. Re-sist the temptation! Keep your collec-tion in mind and remember to ask your-self if Web access is really the best formof access for an item. Just because it isoout there� does not mean that youhave to put it on your page. Keepingthis in mind will help you avoid unnec-essary clutter and pages that are toolong.Address maintenance issues earlyin the process. Who will be responsiblefor the pages? How will you continue tolocate, evaluate and add links? How willyou decide when a link should be re-moved? Who is going to check links pe-riodically to be sure that they are stillactive? How often will you check yourlinks? Asking yourself these questionswill help you limit the scope of yourpages and really focus on the best infor-mation. Unless you have a databasethat allows you to keep track of a largenumber of links and their locations onyour pages, having too many links onyour site becomes a maintenance night-mare. Try to keep it simple and con-cise " but thorough.Some Notable ExamplesSeveral documents sites provide excel-lent examples of the kind of finishedproduct you can have by investing a lotof thought, planning, and the funda-mentals of librarianship. These ex-amples have been chosen because theyare good examples of well-developed,individual approaches to maintaining adocuments home page. The first ofthese is the University of MichiganDocuments Center (http://General Guidelines for Web Site Design¢ Use small, simple graphics. Large graphics take a longtime to load and can force important informationout of view.¢ Try to fit important information about content andnavigation on one screen. This will be the first screenthat your users see. Give them right away the toolsand information they most need in order to use yourpages effectively.e Include a scope note and general content descriptionon the first page of your site. Keep it brief, but let us-ers know what you have to offer and what they canexpect to find on your pages." www.lib.umich.edu/libhome/Documents.center/index.html). Of note ontheir main page are thesimplicity of the layout,the sparing use of graphics,the inclusion of a scopenote, and the fact thattheir main navigationallinks appear on the firstscreen. Further down onthe main page, additionallinks are available, provid-ing access to basic contactand service information fore Use brief annotations for links. Give users some ideaof what they can find at other sites and, to some ex-tent, indicate why the site is on your page. An- no-tations also clarify the context of the link to a page.¢ Consider making your site searchable. Place yoursearch mechanism in a place that is easy to locate.118 " Fall 1997the Documents Depart-ment, collection overviewsfor the Documents Centerand main campus library,access to related campus li-braries with documentscollections, and access to documents onthe Internet. Federal information on theInternet has been organized by broadsubject and branch of government. Thesub pages include bulleted links withbrief annotations. Most of the pages areonly three to seven screens in length,with a few being slightly longer. To fa-cilitate navigation on each page, oQuickJumps� have been provided to take youto a section of interest without havingto scroll. Throughout the pages, the useof concise text improves legibility.The Federal Web Locator fromVillanovaTs Center for Information Lawand Policy (http://www.law.vill.edu/Fed_Agency/fedwebloc.html) uses a differ-ent organizational scheme for the pre-sentation of its government informa-tion. Again on the first screen, a rela-tively simple graphic is used, and al-though it is large, the basic informationstill appears on the first screen. This in-formation includes the basic naviga-tional tools and a brief statement aboutthe purpose of the site. The secondscreen provides more information onthe purpose of the site, stating that thesite is ointended to be the one stopshopping point for federal governmentinformation on the World Wide Web.�8A link to a page explaining the structureof the site indicates that its organizationomatches the structure found in TheUnited States Government Manual, whichis published by the Government Print-ing Office of the United States Con-gress.�? This organizational structure es-sentially groups links by branch of gov-ernment or type of agency or organiza-tion within the governmental structure.Very few of the links on these pages areannotated, as they are mostly directlinks to agency and organization homepages. The first page is rather long, buteach section contains useful links toaccess the information on the sub-pages, e.g., oQuick Jumps,� a section forlatest additions to the site, and a searchengine. What follows is a listing of thedirect links by branch of government.This site is thorough in its coverage offederal government sites, but does notoffer an explanation of governmentalstructure, or assistance from someonewith that knowledge.Larry SchankmanTs oUS Govern-ment and Politics� page (http://www.clark.net/pub/Ischank/web/gov.html)takes yet another approach to providingaccess to government information.Schankman provides a variety of waysto access different types of governmentinformation. Most of SchankmanTspages are organized by the format of theinformation, including starting pointsNorth Carolina Libraries

and guides; directories and locators,with additional access by agency; levelof government (for state and local re-sources); and a few broad subject head-ings (international and area studies,government in general, legislation andregulations, etc.). Although Schankmandoes not offer a scope notes, he doesprovide excellent annotations with em-bedded links to take you to still moreinformation sources. His content analy-sis of the sites included is unique andenriches the quality of his service.The University of Virginia LibraryTsoGovernment Information Resources�page (http://www.lib.virginia.edu/govdocs)is unique in that it not only offers accessto government sites and publications,but also provides direct links to the So-cial Sciences Data Center and the Geo-graphic Information Center, other insti-tutions at the University that collectand disseminate bodies of federally pro-duced (and non-federally produced)data. The oAbout� page states that, oTheSocial Sciences Data Center and theGeographic Information Center are af-filiated with Government InformationResources. The Social Sciences DataCenter assists researchers with the loca-tion and analysis of data from both gov-ernment and nongovernment sources.The Geographic Information Centeroffers both electronic and print versionsof a variety of maps and other carto-graphic products.�!° As such, VirginiaTspage provides a good example of col-laboration among campus institutionsto provide more in-depth access to gov-ernment information. The pages main-tained by the Government InformationResources staff provide good examplesof brevity and clarity in their annota-tions. Almost every page and sectioninclude brief scope notes indicating thetype of information or document(s) youcan expect to find. These pages are notlong, but there is evidence that this isbecause the links have been closely ex-North Carolina Libraries858 Manor StreetLancaster, PA 17603"Support North Carolina Libraries"amined for content and usability beforebeing added to a page. Access to federal,state, and local information is availablefrom the main page, and all of the linkson VirginiaTs pages are browseable froman alphabetical list of titles. The federalinformation is made accessible on sub-pages by branch of government withselected sites, and through oGatewaysto Official U.S. Government Informa-tion Sites.�!? A list of non-governmentalsites relating to government and politicsis provided as well. Virginia also main-tains a oU.S. Government InformationReference Shelf,� that is a oselected list ofInternet sites ... based loosely on titles inthe print reference collection in the Gov-ernment Information Section of the Uni-versity of Virginia Library. It is a mixtureof both government and nongovern-ment sites,�!2 which provides us with anexample of providing additional elec-tronic access to titles in a print collection.Conclusion:Looking Back andPlanning AheadEven though the format has changed,librarians are still in the business of con-tributing to a more informed citizenry.Creating a home page for governmentdocuments quickly and easily providesa wealth of government information toyour patrons. There are a number ofimportant issues to think about and dis-cuss before you undertake or revisit theservice that you provide through accessto government information on the In-ternet. Who your users are, and whattheir needs are, should be the drivingforce behind any decisions that youmake about your home page. Use thebasic skills of librarianship " selecting,evaluating and organizing " to helpyou present information in a way thatserves your patrons thoughtfully and ef-fectively. Throw a little marketing savvyin your design (but keep it simple!), andyou will have a quality educational andpromotional site for your institution.Wrestling with the answers to the im-portant questions that you need to ask,and continuing to ask those questionsas you develop a documents homepage, are all part of the creative process.Taking the time to think through thesequestions carefully will result in a bet-ter product and more satisfied users.References! Julie Johnson, oGovernment WebPages: the Lights Are On But Nobody IsHome,� The Electronic Library 14 (April1996): 151-152.2 Peter S. Morville and Susan J.Wickhorst, oBuilding Subject-SpecificGuides to Internet Resources,� CollectionBuilding, 14, 3 (1995): 26-31.3 Grace Ann York, oNew Media/Tra-ditional Values: Selecting GovernmentInformation on the Internet,� CollectionBuilding, 14, 3 (1995): 4-11.4 Tbid., 6.5 Tbid., 8-9.6 Johnson, 152.7 Johnson, 153.8 Kenneth P. Mortensen, oThe Fed-eral Web Locator.� 2nd ed. http://www.law.vill.edu/Fed_Agency/fedwebloc.htm! (May 8, 1997). Ibid.10 Government Information ResourcesStaff, Alderman Library, University ofVirginia. oGovernment InformationResources.� http://www. lib. virginia.edu/govdocs/ (May 8, 1997).~1 Government Information Re-sources Staff, Alderman Library, Univer-sity of Virginia. oConnections to U.S.Government Infortnation.� http://www.lib.virginia.edu/govdocs/us_cnnct.html (May 8, 1997).12 Government Information Re-sources Staff, Alderman Library, Univer-sity of Virginia. oU.S. Government In-formation Reference Shelf.� http://www. lib. virginia.edu/govdocs/refshelf/walt_ref.html (May 8, 1997).CURRENT EDITIONS, INC.W/HOLESALERSTO LIBRARIES1-800-487-2278 (FAX)1-800-959-1672Fall 1997 " 119

Federal Web Resourcesfor High School Teachers and Studentsby Nancy Kolenbrander and Linda Reidahe purpose of this article is to provide high school librarians with information about federal Web sites thatthey may find useful in providing information to teachers and students. The main criterion for inclusionwas information which supports the North Carolina high school curriculum. Identifying sites that matchedthis criterion was not a difficult task.There are numerous federal Web sites that list resources for teachers, including lesson plans and learningactivities. Several sites, including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Peace Corps, alsooffer videos and a speakers bureau. Curricular information is most readily available in the fields of socialstudies and science. Teachers of other disciplines, however, will find Web sites of interest listed below, particu-larly in the General category. It is hoped this list with specific addresses will save time for users of the informa-tion. Special attention was given to sites with lesson plans and learning activities. The following informationdemonstrates the breadth of federal information available on the Web for teachers to integrate into theirteaching.EducationDepartment of Education (http://www.ed.gov)From the main page, click on FAQs & Guides to locate A TeacherTs Guide to the Department ofEducation. This leads to information on grants, department services, and resources.Publications for Parents (http://www.ed.gov/pubs/parents.html) offers many publications. Scrolldown the page to find oPreparing Your Child for College,� which covers types of colleges, howto choose, financing, and links to other useful resources. oThe Student Guide: Financial AidFrom the U.S. Department of Education� is available from http://www.ed.gov/prog_info/SFA/Student Guide. The stated purpose of the guide is to make financial aid easier to understand.And then thereTs ERIC: Educational Resources Information Center (http://www.aspensys.com/eric) with hot links to the 16 Clearinghouses. ERIC lesson plans for teachers are available fromAsk ERIC Virtual Library (http://ericir.syr.edu). Click on Virtual Library to reach Ask ERIC LessonPlans. Lesson plans range in grade level from K-12 and are listed by title.GeneralNational Park Service (http://www.nps.gov)There is much in this Web site to support both science and social studies courses. Eachnational park, monument, and historical site is detailed with photos and descriptions; oftenlinks to individual Web pages are provided as well. Air and water quality at natural sites isexamined in text and graphs and cogent essays on causes of pollution are provided. The geo-logic explanations are sometimes thin, but could serve as steppingstones to deeper research.Historical and archeological information on historic sites can be accessed by name or place;some are also arranged thematically. This site contains learning pages for science and socialstudies as well as information on grants.Occupational Outlook Handbook (http://stats.bls.gov: 80/ocohome.htm)This address takes the user directly to the complete handbook prepared by the Bureau ofLabor Statistics. The page may be searched by keyword(s); Boolean searching is available. Entriesfor occupations include nature of work, working conditions, employment, training, job outlook,earnings, and related occupations. English and vocational students are likely to find this Website very useful.Peace Corps (http://www.peacecorps.gov)This is, of course, the page for any student considering entering the Peace Corps, but it120 " Fall 1997 North Carolina Libraries

includes lesson plans that are designed for high school students of geography as well. Maps andCountry Fact Files provide the basic information. Interviews, Letters from the Field, and Volun-teer Views provide human interest. Foreign language students studying various cultures will finditems of interest as well.Smithsonian Institution (http://www.si.edu)A clickable map of the Mall takes the user to home pages for each of the 16 constituentmuseums of the Smithsonian. The biggest appeal will be for art students and teachers, but othersubject areas are supported as well. Foreign language students can find welcome messages inFrench, Spanish, and German. The National Zoo, the Natural History Museum, and the Air andSpace Museum have good science information; American History Museum is a natural for socialstudies. Depending on what exhibits are current, English students may find information at theNational Portrait Gallery. For example, an essay on Rebel Poets of the 1950s accompanies theirportraits. Art students will enjoy visits to the National Gallery, the Freer and Sackler Galleries,the African Art Museum, the Hirshhorn Museum, the American Art Gallery, and the RenwickGallery. Most include pictures of the art accompanied by biographical sketches of the artists orinformation about the school of art.United States Information Agency (http://www.usia.gov)This site is a source of information concerning American history, politics, and internationaldiplomacy. USIA has two home pages, one for the United States and a second for internationalinformation. Through the home page for the United States (http://www.usia.gov/usa/usa.htm),you can click on Fundamental Documents that provides full-text access to the U.S. Constitution,Bill of Rights, and Declaration of Independence in English, French, and Spanish. It also offers oBasicReadings in U.S. Democracy,� an incredible source of primary material on American history.This main menu links to multiple databases on the topics of U.S. History, U.S. Politics, U.S.Economic System, Geography, and Weather. Under U.S. Culture there is an extensive Outline ofAmerican Literature. A second home page (http://www.usia.gov/usis.html) is the Internationalhome page. Click on Index to this Site for access to U.S. AgencyTs Foreign Press Centers, furtherlinking you to documents on upcoming international conferences.The White House (http://www.whitehouse.gov)Students interested in current events will find press releases and Presidential statements here.A tour of the White House and its art is available. American history students will find briefbiographies and portraits of Presidents and First Ladies. Select Briefing Room from the mainmenu and then scroll down to Latest Federal Government Statistics to find links to economicand social statistics, which include such items as crime, health, employment, transportation,and demographics. Select Commonly Requested Federal Services from the main menu, thenselect Education to find student financial aid information and to download an application form.From Education scroll down to find a oSocial Security TeacherTs Kit,� which may be downloaded.It contains a six-lesson unit for high school students.HealthNational Institutes of Health (http ://www.nih.gov)At the main menu click on Institutes and Offices to retrieve hot links to the InstituteTs 24divisions. At one division, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, click on Information on Drugsof Abuse to retrieve full-text access to publications on that topic. Scroll down the page toMarijuana to find oMarijuana, Facts for Teens� as one of its full-text documents. Anotherdivision of NIH, the National Institute of Mental Health, offers information on Depression andPanic Disorder through Quick Time Videos. To locate, select Public Information from the mainmenu, then scroll down to Educational Programs. Health Information, at the main menu, leadsto resources such as oCancer Net,� a searchable bibliography with treatment information forpatents and physicians. Reach this by scrolling down from Health Information Cancer Informa-tion. Health Information also provides access to NIH Information Index, a subject-word guide todiseases and conditions under study by NIH.ScienceEnvironmental Protection Agency (http://www.epa.gov)The Students and Teachers section of this site includes many documents designated asteaching aids, with classroom activities, rationale, and suggestions for teaching about theenvironment. There is also an extensive list of documents with facts about environmentalproblems. Very readable information on such subjects as ozone depletion, pesticides, acid rain,clean air, clean water, and other related topics are available here. This page is not as glitzy assome, but the information will be valuable to students of environmental science.Forest Service (http://www. fs.fed.us)Retrieve a clickable map of United States National Forests by selecting Enjoy the Outdoors fromthe main menu and then select A Graphical Guide to Your National Forests. Click on a forestNorth Carolina Libraries Fall 1997 " 121

and you will receive information on the forest, the land, recreation Opportunities, ecosystemmanagement, and names and addresses for additional information. Some forests give moreinformation such as planning a trip to that forest.GLOBE Program (http:/lwww.globe.gov)The GLOBE Program, sponsored by several cooperating government agencies, invites studentsfrom all around the world to collect data and report it via the Internet. Areas of research includeweather, hydrology and water chemistry, land cover, soil moisture, and other measures that willaid scientists in painting a global picture of our planet and how it may be changing. This Web sitewill lead teachers through the necessary steps to involve their students in the GLOBE Program.National Aeronautics and Space Administration (http://www.nasa.gov)There are so many educational resources available from NASA that it is difficult to limitinformation from this site. Perhaps the richest site for educators is OER Online EducationalResources (http://quest.are.nasa.gov/OER/EDRC22. html). OERTs main page lists links to NASA K -12Internet Project Home Page, Space Colony Design Contest for Grades 6-12, PLUMAS: The On-line Journal of Math and Science Examples for Pre-College Education, and The Star Child Pageof K-12 Astrophysics Images/Text. For the science fiction fan thereTs Just for Fun (http://www. gsie.nasa.gov/education/just_for_fun/startrek.html). This site discusses warp drives and trans-porters, the scientific reality versus science fiction.Additional educational resources can be linked to from Space Science Data OperationsOfficeTs page, which is dedicated to space science education (http://www. gsfc.nasa.gov/educa-tion). The stated purpose of the site is using its knowledge and discoveries about the sun, thesolar system, the galaxy, and the universe to develop education and public outreach opportu-nities and activities that enhance science, mathematics, and technology education. It provideslinks to Space Science Lessons and Teacher Curricula Materials. NASA on the Cutting Edge(http://www. okstate.edu/aviation) presents the NASA Educational Video Conferencing series thatbroadcasts live video conferences via satellite to schools. Also worth checking is Resources forLearning (http://quest.are.nasa.gov:80hst/lounge/learning.html) and the Hubble Space Telescope(http://www.stsci.edu) or Views of the Solar system (http://www.hawastsoc. org/solar/homepage.htm) for images of the sun, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and meteoroids.U.S. Geological Survey (http://www.usgs.gov)An excellent source for earth science and environmental science, this page is filled withbuttons linking the user to images and fairly in-depth information on Geology, Water, theEnvironment, Natural Resources, Mapping, and Hazards such as volcanoes, earthquakes, andfloods. The Learning Web is particularly well designed, with entire lessons to help teachersintegrate the information into their classrooms. Some of the lessons include online tutorials(the one on volcanoes is excellent); others have important graphics. This is a rich and complexsite. The Biology link is described below.U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division (http://www.nbs. gov)Biology students and teachers will find state-by-state information on endangered species ofplants and animals by clicking on Science by State from the main menu. The Education linktakes students to projects like The Whole Frog Project, which enables students to electronicallydissect Fluffy the Frog, to Wild Wings North, which tracks the migration of specific snow geesein real time, and to several other pages. Students will find an inspiring article on North Carolinanative F. Eugene Hester under Special Interest Stories from the main page. This page also can beaccessed from the USGS page described above.Social StudiesCensus Bureau (http://www.census.gov)Reach a clickable map of the United States by first selecting Subjects A-Z from the main menuand then scrolling down to select County Profiles. At the map site, you can select a state and acounty to retrieve data on the 1990 Population Census, County Business Patterns EconomicProfile, and USA Counties General Profile. The 1990 population data is offered for STF1A andSTF3A tables. The former is brief population and housing information. The latter is moredetailed, containing additional factors such as income levels and educational attainment. Forcurrent data on U.S. population, click on Current U.S. Population Count from the main menu.To retrieve the number of the resident population of the United States, select United States forestimated population counts updated every second.Department of State (http://www.state.gov)With the whole world as its bailiwick, the State Department should have a large and complexsite. This Web page will not disappoint its users. What is the federal government's position onglobal warming? chemical weapons? womenTs issues? Tibet? Taiwan? Students selecting the HotTopics or International Policy buttons from the main menu will find U.S. foreign policy posi-tions arranged thematically and geographically. Extensive links to speeches and statements122 " Fall 1997 North Carolina LibrariesOO ee

made by State Department officials abound in all categories.The ever-popular Country Background Notes can be found under International Policy, andadditional information about current situations in many countries appears in the Travel section.The Careers section is particularly good, with extensive descriptions of foreign service careers,educational requirements, and opportunities for student employment, including completeinstructions for application. Teachers interested in American-sponsored schools overseas willfind excellent links by selecting About State.Federal Bureau of Investigation (http://www.fbi.gov)The main menu provides access to Major Investigations such as oTWA Flight 800 Investiga-tions� and oCentennial Olympic Park Bombing.� Under FBI Publications there are severalsources on crime statistics, including the Uniform Crime Reports and Crime in the United States.Both of these publications require Adobe Acrobat Reader, a software program to access the files.From the main menu there is access to History, WhatTs New, the FBITs Most Wanted, andadditional information on FBI programs and services. The Acrobat Reader can be downloadedfrom AdobeTs Web Site if you do not have this software on your workstation.Government Printing Office (http://www.access.gpo.gov)The Government Printing Office produces printed and electronic publications for Congress andthe departments and establishments of the Federal Government. It uses GPO Access to provideaccess to over 70 databases, including the Budget of the United States Government. It is anexcellent way to search the Federal Register, Congressional Bills for the 103rd-105th Congress,Congressional Record (same dates), the Government Manual, United States Code and the SupremeCourt decisions 1937-1975. Keyword searching allows you to retrieve data by Congressman andsubject. To reach these databases, from the main menu scroll down to Access to GovernmentInformation Products and select GPO Access: On-line, On-Demand, & Locator Services. This siteis continually adding new databases.House of Representatives (http://www.house.gov)Trying to encourage students to correspond with their congressman? This site allows you tocontact your representative, learn about bills which have been introduced, and retrieve informa-tion about the legislative process. Click on Legislative Process for the status of current Housebills and current information about whatTs happening on the House floor. Select House Direc-tory for member phone numbers, addresses, and some e-mail addresses. Choose EducationalResources for full-text of the Constitution, Bill of Rights, and the Declaration of Independence. TheInternet Law Library has information on international law and treaties plus searchable versionsof the U.S. Code and the Code of Federal Regulations.The Senate (http://www.senate.gov)Click on Senators to select Directory of Senators for listings of senators alphabetically and by state.For each senator there is a picture, biography, address, and a list of committee assignments. At thehome page, click on Learning about the Senate to select A Virtual Tour of the U.S. Senate. This sitedoes not have as much information as the House of Representatives, such as bills introduced andinternational law.Library of Congress (http://Icweb.loc.gov)The American Memory collection of documents, photographs, movies, and sound recordingscontains excellent sources for the study of political and cultural American history. Today in His-tory makes use of these sources in daily updates. The Learning Page enables the user to access thecollection fairly easily by providing options to search on events, people, places, times, or topics.This page also includes an EducatorTs Page with a sample teaching unit and some cogent tips onusing primary sources in teaching and learning. Scrolling down to the Research Tools section takesthe user to 71 of the invaluable Country Studies that have the advantage of clickable tables ofcontents and full text searching. Students will enjoy browsing the Exhibitions, where there is a per-manent display of American treasures in the collection.Resources:Two books were very helpful in locating federal Web sites. The first, The Federal Internet Source, Sth ed. (Washing-ton, D.C.: National Journal, Inc., 1996) provides URLs for federal agencies and a brief description of the types ofinformation available at the site. Graphics of agenciesT main Web pages frequently are included. It has an excellentagency index.A second resource, The Great American Web Book by Raphel Sagalyn (New York: Random House, 1997), has ex-tended annotations for federal Web sites that detail educational resources available at each site. The author in-cludes specific URLs for sites with lesson plans and interactive learning activities. This source also has an extensivesubject index providing easy access to specific information.North Carolina Libraries Fall 1997 " 123© eS SS REA Se = Se ay ae en EY Ses. ea a

For the People:Organizing and AccessingFederal Documents in the Public Libraryn the public library, you get allkinds " all kinds of questions, allkinds of resources, and all kinds ofpeople. The people you work withand the people you serve are madeup of every combination of humancircumstance: family background,education level, economic situation,physical ability, mental capacity, race,sex, couturier preference, body-piercingadherence, and hairstyle judgment. Ac-cording to the Declaration of Indepen-dence, all people are entitled to ocertaininalienable rights� secured by oGovern-ments [which] are instituted amongMen, deriving their just powers fromthe consent of the governed.� To givetheir consent, the people need to knowwhat is being done or proposed by thatgovernment. Fortunately, a mechanismwas put into place in 1860 to providethat knowledge: The Federal DepositoryLibrary Program (FDLP) of the Govern-ment Printing Office (GPO).The Public Library of Charlotteand Mecklenburg became a federaldepository library to ensure that infor-mation meant for the people gets tothe people " all of the people. FromCategories of Depository Libraries:50.21%20.00%11.37%4.96%3.64%3.42%2.62%1.75%Academic LibrariesPublic LibrariesAcademic Law LibrariesCommunity College LibrariesFederal Agency LibrariesState LibrariesState Court LibrariesSpecial LibrariesFederai Court Libraries 1.17%Military Service Libraries 0.36%http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/dpos/1 02years.html124 " Fall 1997by Mimi Curleethe professional front-line referencestaff to shelvers, technical services per-sonnel, and library volunteers, we areall working toward fulfilling this excit-ing and challenging, but not alwayseasy mission.Reference ServiceIn any library, one of the most impor-tant tasks of the librarian is to help thepatron figure out what information heor she really needs. With the generalpublic, that can be the hardest part ofthe reference transaction. The next stepis to help the patron find that informa-tion as efficiently and effectively as pos-sible. Librarians are the ovalue-added�commodity of the library. Throw 100patrons into a library building withoutstaff and see how many get what theycame for. And, itTs not enough ovalue�just to sit and point. Between books,indexes, microfiche, microfilm, CD-ROMs, Internet, kiosks, copiers, VCRs,Dewey and SUDOCs (Superintendent ofDocuments Classification System) "patrons need as much help as possible.An article recently reminded methat we often encounter three scenarioswith patrons: (1) he knows a piece ofinformation is available and knows thesource, but needs to know if we have itor can get it; (2) she knows a piece of in-formation is available, but doesnTt knowwhere to find it; or (3) the studentwants information about a topic, anddoesnTt know where to find it. We allmeet and help him, her, and junior ev-ery day.But what about a fourth scenario:you've found what the patron asked forand they are ready to go away happy.But you also know another source orprogram or Internet site that is abouttheir topic. They had no idea this infor-mation was out there so they had noreason to look for it. After showingthem this bonus, they declare oYou de-serve a medal!� and want to know yourname. Not only did they get what theycame for, they got more. TheyTll beback. Scenario four only occurs whenthere is continual training and an hon-est desire to connect people to usefulinformation.!Staff TrainingThe publicTs need for government in-formation may not fall neatly betweennine and five, Monday through Friday.ThatTs why it is important that eachperson coming into the library on anyday, at any time, get the same highquality of service. Granted, desk sched-ules, meetings, illness, vacations, andstaff turnover may make it difficult togive everyone the necessary training,but weTre always working on it.I have a tour that I give each staffmember to make sure they are familiarwith the basic documents, how andwhy you would use them, and theirlocation. Many of these are used oftenso we keep them in the Ready Refer-ence collection at the Reference Desk.An experienced, well-trained librarianwill know to start with the StatisticalAbstract of the United States to find thenumber of families in America receiv-ing alimony, rather than rushing tobooks in the Dewey 347 classificationor wading through a periodical index.Often basic documents will not answerthe patronTs question completely, butfootnotes may lead to other documentsor agencies that will.North Carolina Libraries0 eee

SE a eae at a Tags a eer + Rae TeaAs soon as the Tax Form CD-ROMarrives, I take each librarian to thecomputer and go through the find, se-lect, and print procedure. If we didnTtorder paper copies of a form, the re-producible has been stolen, or theTreasury Department site on the Web(www.irs.ustreas.gov). has maxed out,staff donTt hesitate to get the form fromthe CD-ROM.Even with training, it is almost im-possible for any one person to remem-ber the intricacies of every resource inthe library. Federal documents employmost of the more convoluted methodsof organization. For the benefit of pa-trons and staff, I make cheat sheets thatgive step-by-step instructions on how touse various tools. For example, if youwant to find a Public Law or Act, wehave the United States Statutes at Large inprint back to 1964 and before that onmicrofiche to 1789. To find an Act, youuse ShepardTs Acts and Cases by PopularNames. By looking for the popularname, you find the year and Public Lawnumber, then you find the statute vol-ume for that year and look at the top ofthe pages for the Public Law number. If,however, the law was passed before1964, you use the cheat sheet that wehave pasted into the front of each of thethree volumes of ShepardTs.Access to the CollectionWe provide two ways of accessing ourcollection: through our Dynix OnlinePublic Access Catalog (OPAC), and aCD-ROM called Marcive. We contractedwith Marcive, Inc. in 1993 for catalog-ing records that we could add to ourOPAC. Each week, in Technical Services,we get a floppy disk that has abbrevi-ated bibliographic records based on theshipping lists. We link that weekTs docu-ments to the records.Each month, we get full biblio-graphic records that overlay thoseweekly shipping list records, so we re-tain the holdings. WeTve had to workout some bugs since the first records ar-rived in 1994. Since microfiche takeslonger to get to us than paper docu-ments (they have to stop by the con-tractor to get filmed), we only getmonthly full bibliographic records forthese.At first we checked microfiche out,but after a few months of calling pa-trons to explain that the documentthey put on hold was on microfiche,what microfiche is, and that we havethe reader/printers here to use it, we setthe microfiche to noncirculating status.Patrons who want to check it out, how-ever, may do so. I also use the floppy toNorth Carolina Librariescreate a shelf list on a personal com-puter so that I can create lists wheneverI need them. We are beginning to getbibliographic records for Internet sites,our next big challenge.Marcive also sends us a CD-ROMindex to federal documents back to1976. We have this on our computerTsLocal Area Network (LAN). Between thisand our OPACTs document records,weTve seen a much higher use of thedocuments in the past several years.When a record shows up in a search onthe Marcive CD-ROM, the patron canfind out if our library selects this item,and, if we donTt, which other deposito-ries in the country do. If we own thedocument, itTs shelved by the SUDOCSclassification system. I put up a simplechart on the first range of documents tohelp patrons and staff understand theSUDOCS organizational flow.We also offer services to our branchlibraries. Documents relating to health,educational materials, housing informa-tion, and more are being requestedthrough the OPAC and sent to one ofour 23 branches for patrons to checkout. Some documents are not allowedto be checked out of the Main Library:the United States Code, Code of FederalRegulations, Federal Register, United StatesReports, most of the Census materials,and some Labor reports. Wekeep these close at hand sincethey are used so frequently andby so many people.Tools:Collection MaintenanceMaintenance of the collectionrequires step-by-step instruc-tions. ITve had to ask otherdocuments librarians morethan one question aboutlooseleaf documents and docu-ments that cumulate. Once Ihave the answer and under-stand the procedure, I type it upand put it on the document (ifyou put plastic tape under theinstruction sheet, you can peelthe typed instructions off whenthe next edition arrives and ap-ply it to the new one). Thissaves a lot of time and troublethe next year. A few people mayfeel that these instructionsshould not be so prominent,but I have yet to encounter apatron who got upset aboutclarity. A dummy on the shelfhelps patrons and staff in thesearch for the next installmentwhen a document format haschanged from paper to micro-fiche to Internet.As a Depository, we are required tokeep most documents for five years. Wecan keep them longer, but due to stor-age constraints we are very selective indoing this. There are two ways to with-draw documents from the collection.Documents that supercede themselvesare labeled with oThis SUDOCSsupercedes� stickers and shelved, withthe old edition removed from the OPACand recycled.The other way to withdraw docu-ments comes after the five-year holdingperiod. I check each document for thedate we received it (sometimes the dateof publication can be years before thedocument was released to the public)and subject matter. If the document isof local interest (Black White Perceptions:Race Relations in Greensboro: A Report) orpopular interest (Japanese-American andAleutian Wartime Relocations ), it stays. Ifit is to be withdrawn, it is put on a listand sent to the Regional Depository inChapel Hill. After they select any theyneed for their collection, the list is sentto the other 32 depositories in NorthCarolina. The documents that are notclaimed after 30 days are recycled.Volunteers and CommunityService WorkersI have had wonderful success using vol-Staff should know the basics:AndriotTs Guide to U.S. Government PublicationsAmerican Statistics Index (ASI)CCH Congressional IndexGPO Access on the Internet*Marcive CD-ROM*Documents:Budget of the United StatesCatalog of Federal Domestic AssistanceCensus Catalog and GuideCensus of Population and Housing forNorth Carolina*Code of Federal RegulationsCongressional Directory*Congressional RecordCounty and City Data Book*Federal RegisterHistorical Statistics of the United States*Monthly CatalogNational Trade Data Bank (NTDB) CD-ROM*Publications Reference File*Slip Laws (Public)Statistical Abstract of the United States*Statutes at LargeSubject BibliographiesUnited States CodeUnited States Government Manual*United States ReportsWeekly Compilation of Presidential Documents*Kept in Ready ReferenceFall 1997 " 125

unteers and Community ServiceWorkers for typing these offerslists as well as for other projects.One volunteer has been with mefor several years and is verycomfortable with the SUDOCSsystem and the computer andasking questions about oddities.Community Service Work-who have had community ser-vice sentences handed down toSTATUTES AT LARGE 8pVOL. 48CARD 13ers are misdemeanor offenders | ROLLia AA edWe have the U.S. Statutes at Large from 1789 to the present. Before 1964they are on microfiche. To find a statute using ShepardTs citation, look at thedate and the last number. Find the microfiche for that year and then lookfor the page number in bold on the microfiche.Securities Exchange Act of 1934U.S. Code 1988 Title 15, 878a et seq.June 6, 1934, c. 404, 48 Stat. 881change the numbers whennecessary. This means youget the most current infor-mation, but cannot get lastweekTs (or last yearTs) data.People who make analysesbased on years of figuresPART 1. }1933-34have depended on the fed-eral government for itsthem by the court in additionto, or instead of, a fine. Keeping |in mind that most of these|people will serve for 24 hours, Icontinuously jot down projectsthat can be done with littletraining and, if not accomplished inthat time period, will divide nicely into24-hour parts.This gets a lot of small jobs done:putting reinforcers on looseleaf pages,getting reproducible tax forms back inorder, typing bibliographies that canlater be formatted and printed out,cleaning shelves, shifting documentson shelves, and typing those offers lists.Even though a lot does get accom-plished this way, it is neither worry- norwork-free for me. Planning, training,answering questions, reassuring, andchecking progress take time and effort.Electronic ProductsOne of my duties is to make decisionsabout the use of federal documents onCD-ROM. We have a stand-alone com-puter with a 12-disk changer in our ref-erence area. I had our computer person-nel put the most frequently requestedCD-ROMs on the changer. CD-ROMsthat are not used as often, but that fitinto the scope of what we do on a regu-lar basis, are kept in a box at the refer-ence desk. On the computer is a menuwith the title of each of these CD-ROMsand whether or not it is on the changer.We ask for an ID to hold in exchange¢ Over 21,000 Current & Backlist Titles¢ 19 Years of Service¢ oHands On� Selection¢ Pre-School Through Adult* Discounts up to 70% Off¢ Now Two Adjacent WarehousesSturdy Library Bindings* 100% Fill¢ Cataloging/Processing AvailableL Pg Hse ae ee ppp atcontinuity of reliablerecords and explanations ofmethodology.Congress mandatedthat paper use be reduced,but did not give the agenciesmoney to create and main-for the CD-ROM. With more peoplehaving CD-drives at home or the office,we have to be more security-minded.The rest of the CD-ROMs are on thedocument shelves in security cases andcan be checked out for three weeks. Aswith all computer disks checked out,the patron receives a flyer that gives adisclaimer.And then thereTs the Internet.Most of us view it with a combinationof pride, pain, and panic. When itworks right, we find information wecould never have found before. Thepainful part includes public service de-cisions on whether or not to tie up staffwith scheduling time slots, what to doabout chat lines, and explaining por-nography laws to high school students.WeTve learned to have Internet pro-grams or workshops before noon if atall possible. Once the rest of the coun-try gets online, your machine can dragor freeze altogether.Archiving is another electronic is-sue: there are many documents on theInternet today that will not be theretomorrow. Maybe a ohot� topic isnTt sohot anymore, or newer informationhas come along, or itTs just too easy toleave the spreadsheet as a template andtain an effective replacementsystem. ThatTs why the Com-merce Department has tocharge for subscriptions to its NationalTrade Data Bank and Census databases,whether on CD-ROM or online. Citi-zens paid for the information to begathered in pursuit of better govern-ment and now must pay to see the re-sults unless they come to a federal de-pository. The Government Printing Of-fice is constantly working to get freeaccess to data, in whatever format, foruse in depository libraries, and it also isworking on the problem of vanishinginformation. Someone 100 years fromnow will want to know how manyAmerican families were receiving ali-mony in the 1990s and 2000s. Theyshould be able to find that informationfrom a reliable, unbiased, consistentsource.Public ProgramsAnother way to introduce our docu-ments collection is at public programs.We've had Business Breakfasts andLunch Bytes series that explain how tofind demographic or industry informa-tion, or international data, with any-where from eight to seventy-five peopleattending. Telling people that theUnited States government is the largestMUMFORDRELIABLE WHOLESALER SINCE 1977North Carolina Representative " Phil MayoNothing like seeingfor yourself.�MUMFORD LIBRARY BOOKS, SOUTHEAST, INC.7847 Bayberry Road ¢ Jacksonville, Florida 32256(904) 737-2649126 " Fall 1997FAX: (904) 730-89131-800-367-3927North Carolina Libraries

publisher in the world may elicit yawns,but tell them that the demographicsthey need for their small business planare all right here and the response will beoAll right!! Can you fax that to me?�I greatly enjoyed organizing threedays of training by experts from theGovernment Printing Office as well as acontinuing legal education credit forMecklenburg County lawyers. While it isalways desirable to have experts come tothe library and present programs, thiskind of participation depends on theagencyTs funding and staffing levels. Iflive, warm bodies are out of the ques-tion, they may be able to send travelingexhibits or posters to liven up a programput together by library staff. The FederalStaff Directory and a phone call will letyou know whatTs possible.Even a book display can benefitfrom the use of documents. In our NASAdocuments were photos of planets, solarflares, rings and lift-offs that I used for abook display entitled oWhen Was theLast Time You Explored Space?� Thereare U.S. Postal Service posters of stampsto use with books on hobbies and UnitedStates Geological Service maps and De-fense Department country studies to en-hance a travel book display. TheSmithsonian puts out some wonderfulThus, all the picky little details ofinterviewing, training, indexing,collection maintenance, formats,weeding, and a hundred othersare part of the larger battleagainst ignorance.dence says that the King ofEngland ocalled together legis-lative bodies at places un-usual, uncomfortable, and dis-tant from the depository oftheir public Records, for thesole purpose of fatiguing theminto compliance with his mea-sures.� Not today. Not in theseUnited States. The Federal De-pository Program extendsexhibit brochures and catalogs thatwould draw attention to art books.CIA political maps and a series of pho-tos from the United States HolocaustMemorial Museum would make mostpatrons wander over to look throughmilitary or history books.The availability of bibliographicrecords for our documents in ourOPAC has allowed us to integratethese wonderful resources with all theother tools we use. They are no longera separate, mysterious, maze ofshelves. Thus, all the picky little de-tails of interviewing, training, index-ing, collection maintenance, formats,weeding, and a hundred others arepart of the larger battle against igno-rance. The Declaration of Indepen-from the pink, dawn-kissedshores of Ocracoke to the ma-jestic cliffs of Hawaii. No person is de-nied his/her rights through ignorance ifwe can help it, and we do help every day.Having a mission implies that there areobstacles to overcome in order to reacha goal. Our Public Library couldnTt picka better goal than providing people withthe information to ensure othat govern-ments of the people, by the people, forthe people shall not perish from theearth.�2References! Nancy Lemon, oClimbing the ValueChain: a Case Study in Rethinking theCorporate Library Function,� Online 20(November-December 1996) : 50-57.2 Abraham Lincoln, oGettysburg Ad-dress,� delivered November 19, 1863.Broadfoot's has TWO Locations Serving Different NeedsBroadfoot'sof Wendell6624 Robertson Pond Road ~ Wendell, NC 27591Phone: (800) 444-6963 ~ Fax: (919) 365-6008SOFTWAREVISUALSSpring & Fall CatalogsAre you on our mailing list?Tar Heel Treasuresfornatives & newcomersyoung & oldNorth Carolina Libraries|Broadfoot|PublishingCompany1907 Buena Vista Circle ~ Wilmington, NC 28405Phone: (800) 537-5243 ~ Fax: (910) 686-4379MULTICULTURALSELECTIONSRecent PublicatioThe Colonial & State Records of NC (30 vols.)North Carolina Regiments (5 vols.)Roster of Confederate Troops (16 vols.)Supplement to the Official Records (100 vols.)Full Color Catalog (free upon request)Fall 1997 " 127

UFOs, NGOs, or IGOs:Using International Documents for General Referencepatron comes to your library,having read that NATO issueda Classified report in the 1960sabout finding extraterrestrialson Earth! or having heard ofthe United Nations Office forOuter Space Affairs, and wantsto know what theyTre up to.Whether yours is an academic, highschool, or public library, you probablyhave some basic resources for trackingdown international documents. Whileyou may get relatively few questionsabout unidentified flying objects(UFOs), the publications and docu-ments of international intergovern-mental organizations (IGOs) can bevery useful for addressing queries aboutcurrent events, business, the environ-ment, womenTs issues, agriculture, andModel UN simulations.For the purposes of this article, oin-ternational documents� refer to thedocuments and sales publications ofintergovernmental organizations suchas the United Nations. Materials fromindividual countries and nongovern-mental organizations (NGOs), whilevaluable sources, are not included.United States government publicationsthat relate to international research can-not be covered comprehensively in thisspace. Keep in mind, however, the ex-cellent sources from the U.S. Depart-ment of State and the CIA, such as twobasic series, the Area Handbook Series,which comprises individual countrystudies, and the Background Notes,both of which are available in print andon the Web.�United NationsThe United Nations and its associated128 " Fall 1997by Catherine Shreveagencies publish records of their workas well as monographs and periodicalsrelating to current issues. They are agood source of trade and demographicstatistics as well as reports on the sta-tus of women, children, the environ-ment, and developing countries. Thedocuments emanate from the six prin-cipal organs of the United Nations: theGeneral Assembly, Economic and So-cial Council, Security Council, Secre-tariat, Trusteeship Council, and the In-ternational Court of Justice, alsoknown as the World Court. If yourpatron is seeking the official records orworking papers of any of these, youcan refer her to two North Carolina li-braries. The Walter Davis Library ofthe University of North Carolina atChapel Hill is a United Nations de-pository, receiving printed and omast-head� documents in English.? DukeUniversityTs Perkins Library collectscomprehensively on the United Na-tions, including the Readex microfichecollection of masthead documents.The fiche collection is accompanied bya CD-ROM index which makes search-ing by keywords in many fields easy.The United Nations also uploads itsbibliographic records into the RLINdatabaseT so you can search for refer-ences by subject, author, and title. Ifyour library provides Internet accessand a Web browser, you can access anincreasing number of United Nationsdocuments in full-text through UNWeb pages.The United Nations encompasses185 member countries.* With suchwide representation, there are numer-ous world issues and countries coveredin its publications. The Yearbook of theUnited Nations and A Global Agenda: Is-sues Before the General Assembly of theUnited Nations give a good overview ofthe hot topics of recent years. Consultthe UNTs demographic and statisticalyearbooks for detailed information onmany countries. Some of these publica-tions are by region so that you can focuson Africa or Latin America and the Car-ibbean. The UN Chronicle is a quarterlypublication of news and analysis on spe-cific countries and topics such as humanrights and womenTs issues.The United Nations umbrella coversa number of programs, specialized agen-cies, and other autonomous agencies.Many of these issue their own publica-tions (some are free)® and maintain Websites. For information on internationalbusiness, finance, and trade, look forpublications from the United NationsConference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD), International MonetaryFund (IMF), and the World Bank, alsoknown as the International Bank forReconstruction and Development orIBRD. There are also regional Economicor Economic and Social Commissionsfor Africa, Europe, Latin America andthe Caribbean, Asia and the Pacific, andWestern Asia.Social issues play a major role inUnited Nations programs. There areCommissions on Human Rights and onthe Status of Women. Perhaps most fa-miliar to the American public is UNICEE,the United Nations ChildrenTs Fund.(This is not the only agency that distrib-utes childrenTs books; a quick search ofthe local public library turned up juve-nile books on human rights, refugee chil-dren, and folk tales from various UNbodies.) The United Nations Environ-North Carolina Libraries

ment Programme (UNEP) and UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientificand Cultural Organization) publishmany reports that are of general inter-est. The UN High Commissioner forRefugees (UNHCR) and the UN Depart-ment of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA)have been quite active lately, as evi-denced by their Web sites RefworldT andReliefweb,8 where you can find the lat-est news on emergency situations.Developing countries are in thenews and are the subjects of much re-search recently. The economic andsocial indicators of these countries,from Albania to Zimbabwe, can befound in UN statistical and demo-graphic yearbooks. The UN Develop-ment Programme (UNDP) also pub-lishes reports on its ongoing projects inindividual countries and regions. Thesereports are included in the Readex mi-crofiche collection. UNDPTs annual Hu-man Development Report addresses pov-erty worldwide and the challenge ofsustainable human development. TheWorld Bank is another excellent sourceof information on developing coun-tries, with Trends in Developing Econo-mies and Social Indicators of Development.European UnionThe European Union (EU) was foundedto promote economic development andcooperation among its member coun-tries. It is governed by four institutionswith complex interactions, oblending aparliamentary system of governmentwith a permanent intergovernmentalnegotiating conference.�? For generalreference, it is sufficient to note that theimportant bodies are: the Commission,which proposes legislation and issuesoCOM� documents; the Council ofMinisters, which enacts legislation,sometimes after consulting with theEconomic and Social Committee; theEuropean Parliament, whose advisorypowers recently have been supple-mented with increased decision-makingauthority; and the Court of Justice,which simply does as its name im-plies " interprets EU law. Each of thesebodies issues documents, which are dis-tributed to depository libraries in theUnited States and Europe. In NorthCarolina, the EU depository is main-tained by the Public Documents andMaps Department, Perkins Library,Duke University. There one can find theOfficial Journal and COM documents onmicrofiche, the Directory of CommunityLegislation in Force, and librarians to pro-vide guidance through the complicatedmaze of accessing EU documents. EUdocuments also are published in theNorth Carolina LibrariesCELEX database, available through asubscription to Eurobases or Lexis/Nexis.Some documents are available or atleast listed with their Official Journalreferences on the EU Web sites.Most importantly for general refer-ence questions, the European Unionpublishes monographs and periodicalsabout the economic and related socialissues of the fifteen member countries.Eurobarometer reports the results of pub-lic opinion surveys. Social Europe hascovered a variety of social, health, andemployment issues; it will be replacedthis year by a series of seven themesunder the title oEmployment and SocialAffairs."!° The Bulletin of the EuropeanCommunities is good for current aware-ness and citations to legislation.Eurostat, the Statistical Office of theEuropean Communities, compiles use-ful statistics on demographics, livingstandards, the environment, and eco-nomic indicators; two of its main pub-lications are Europe in Figures and theEurostat Yearbook. The European Union,like the United Nations and manyIGOs, is putting increasing amounts ofinformation on the Web. It also sendsfree brochures and newsletters for thepublic, such as InfEuro, about the up-coming move to an integrated currencyfor Europe.Other IntergovernmentalOrganizationsThere are so many IGOs that it is diffi-cult to narrow the list. Your use of theirpublications will ultimately depend onyour usersT interests. The organizationsthat were established by treaty for a spe-cific purpose or region may be your firstresource for research on those topics "the World Trade Organization, succes-sor to the General Agreement on Tariffsand Trade (GATT); North Atlantic TreatyOrganization (NATO); and NorthAmerican Free Trade Association(NAFTA). If the United States is a mem-~ber of the organization, you may findsome of their reports included in U.S.government documents.The Organization for EconomicCooperation and Development (OECD)is known for its detailed economic sur-veys of individual countries, both itsmembers and others. The Orga-nization of American States(OAS, or OEA in Spanish) coversNorth, Central, and SouthAmerica as well as the Carib-bean. Several UN-associatedagencies are well-known on theirown for their work on specific is-sues, such as the Food and Agri-culture Organization (FAO) andthe International Labor Organization(ILO).Every library canTt acquire andmaintain a comprehensive collection ofIGO publications. Internet access and aWeb browser, however, can open up anexpanding world of resources. Many ofthese organizations and agencies haveofficial Web pages, with backgroundinformation, current news, references topublications with ordering information,and sometimes full-text documents.Before you tell a patron that your li-brary doesnTt have that information,consider the Web.The Librarian as Web DetectiveIt is still wise to consider the sourcewhen using information from the Inter-net. You also will want to consider thecurrency of the information. One greatadvantage of the Internet is that it is somuch quicker than print; yet some in-ternational organizations still lag be-hind in getting the information out. Onthe other hand, if you are looking fordocuments more than a couple of yearsold, you may or may not find them.There is some movement towards pub-lishing backfiles on the Web, and librar-ians are urging both the United Statesgovernment and major IGOs to archiveelectronically published documents.!!Most reliable Web sites will have the is-suing agencyTs name and the date lastupdated at the bottom of the first page.Look for the IGOTs official home page ora compilation put together by a repu-table university or institution.Those caveats aside, how does onelocate a specific document or answer onthe Web? Many of us have become pro-ficient at osurfing� without being ableto zero in on the one piece of informa-tion we need. A librarian needs to honehis or her skills as a Finder " the personwho can locate the crucial ingredienton the back of the kitchen shelf, themissing sock under the bed, or thatgreen book that you remember seeingsomewhere. Flexible thinking is key.These sites are created by differentpeople all over the world, each with hisown approach to organization and cat-egorization. The pages may appeal tovisual learners, with waving flags andThe effective Web user cannavigate many ways withoutbecoming distracted by allthe interesting choices.Fall 1997 " 129

colorful icons, or they may consist of atextual list with a tree structure. Theeffective Web user can navigate manyways without becoming distracted byall the interesting choices.The World Wide Web is aptlynamed. It is useful to visualize each siteas its own spider web, with the homepage at the center. From there, you canfollow one linear strand straightthrough or take tangents to the side.You might reach the same point in theweb in several different ways, takingone strand or the other and then fol-lowing the tangents. Remember thatsome links will take you to other sitesoutside your little web. If you get lost ordisoriented, use the Back button or Goto retrace your steps to the home page.From there you can pursue otherstrands.To locate specific documents or in-formation from intergovernmental or-ganizations, ask yourself a variation ofthe reporterTs questions:Who? Which IGO and whichagency within it would haveauthored the document? Is there apublications office that would haveissued it? For example, EuropeanUnion publications can come fromEurOp (the Office for OfficialPublications of the EuropeanCommunities), the statistical officeEurostat, or one of about 24Directorate Generals, besides thelegislative bodies.When? Sometimes the best way todistinguish which link to follow isby the date of the document. TheUNTs International CriminalTribunal for the Former Yugoslavialists its press releases by month andyear.! To get a hint of the topic,you must first choose the date.Where? Where did the meeting orlegislative action take place? TheUnited Nations InternationalConference on Population andDevelopment is known and linkedto as the Cairo Conference.What form? Was the informationyouTre seeking issued as an officialrecord, a technical report, a salespublication, or a press release?There may be separate links foreach type of information.How is the subject expressed? As withsearches of catalog records, youmust be aware that your keywordsmay not be the same as those usedin the subject thesaurus or in any ofthe fields. Look for synonyms inEnglish and translations to otherlanguages. Familiarity with the130 " Fall 1997terminology of the particular IGO isa bonus. The European Union has ahelpful site, Eurodicautom,!° whichdefines and translates thousands ofscientific and technical terms, aswell as acronyms and abbreviations.Here is a guided tour of some ex-amples to demonstrate navigation ofIGO sites on the Web.Question: What has been the interna-tional response to the recent earthquakein Iran?Answer: From the United Nationshome page (which agency is likely tohave authored the information?), youhave a choice of five major categories "Peace and Security, Economic and So-cial Development, International Law,Humanitarian Affairs, and HumanRights. Click on Humanitarian Affairs(how is the subject expressed?). Thereyou have a choice of, among others,Refugees, Land Mines, and Relief Web.Choose Relief Web. On this page,choose Emergencies. Here you must notbe distracted by the flashing headlineabout Kabila declaring himself Presi-dent of Zaire; remember which ques-tion you are answering. Scroll down thelist of countries with ongoing crises toget to the recently dated list of currentemergencies (when did it happen?).Choose Iran, and you have found thetreasure " maps and _ internationalnews reports as recent as two days ago.In writing, this sounds like a long pro-cess, but in real time it takes just a fewclicks of the mouse accompanied bysome critical thinking.Question: Where can I find current in-formation from CEPAL? It is a UNagency dealing with Latin America.Answer: This is one of those agenciesfrom which your library may not col-lect, but you can find news, informa-tion, and referrals for your patron if youfind CEPALTs home page. Start at the Of-ficial Website Locator for the UN If youlook in the alphabetic list under C, youfind nothing. However, serendipitously,the same page lists the Es, under whichis the Economic Commission for LatinAmerica and the Caribbean (ECLAC).Take a leap of faith and choose it. Per-haps your patron recognizes that CEPALis an economic commission, or perhapsyou guess that CEPAL might be theSpanish acronym. At the top ofECLACTs home page is a choice foroversion en espafiol.� When you chooseit, you find you are indeed at CEPALTs(Comision Econémica para AméricaLatina y el Caribe) home page, fromwhich you can retrieve news, biblio-graphic references to publications, fulltext samples of the CEPAL Review, andlinks to related organizations. Youmight have found the same site bysearching (from the Official Web SiteLocator) the Catalogue of UN SystemWeb Sites under Economics or theWorld Map of UN System Web Sites,where ECLAC is shown to emanatefrom Santiago, Chile. In any case, thatleap is necessary, where you synthesizethe clues and explore likely links.Finally, how would you answer thatfirst question about official documentsrelating to aliens on Earth? You couldurge your patron to search the NATOsite. She will not find documents goingback to the sixties, but may find contactinformation and links to related organi-zations. Remember also that the U.S.government publishes some NATOdocuments. To find the United NationsOffice for Outer Space Affairs, youmight try the UN Web Site Locator first.A search by oouter space affairs� re-trieved some related documents, butnot this particular agency. Going backto the Home Page and poking around,Economic and Social Developmentturns out to be the hot link " oouterspace� is listed in the alphabetic index.Basic print reference sources such as theEncyclopedia of the United Nations andthe Yearbooks will provide backgroundand historical information on theagency, and more clues to pursue.Core Sources By and AboutIGOsFollowing are some basic tools for mak-ing the most of IGO documents andpublications in answering referencequestions. This is by no means compre-hensive, but is meant as a start for yourown explorations.Bulletin of the European Communities.(Brussels: Secretariat General of theCommission, 1968).Europa. (http://europa.eu.int/) May 20,1997.European Union Encyclopedia and Direc-tory. (London: Europa Publications,c1995- ).European Union in the US.(http://www.eurunion.org/) May 20, 1997.Eurostat Yearbook. (Luxembourg: Officefor Official Publications of the Euro-pean Communities, 1995- ).A Global Agenda: Issues Before the GeneralAssembly of the United Nations.(Lanham, Md. : University Press ofAmerica, 1991- ).GODORT International DocumentsTask Force. International Organizations.(http://www. library.nwu.edu/govpub/idtf/igo.html) May 20, 1997.North Carolina Libraries

Human Development Report. (New York:Oxford University Press, 1990- ).Index to International Statistics.(Bethesda, Md.: Congressional Infor-mation Service, 1983- ).Official Website Locator for the UnitedNations System of Organizations. (http://www.unsystem.org/) May 20, 1997.Osmanszyk, Edmund Jan. Encyclopediaof the United Nations and InternationalRelations. 2nd ed. (New York: Taylor &Francis, 1990).Shreve, Catherine. oInternational Infor-mation.� Duke University LibrariesPublic Documents and Maps Depart-ment. April 9, 1997. (http://www.lib.duke.edu/pdmt/internat/index.htm) May20) a9 S72Social Indicators of Development. (Wash-ington, D.C.: World Bank, 1987 -), orhttp://www.ciesin.org/I|C/wbank/sid-home.html.Trends in Developing Economies. (Wash-ington, DC: World Bank, 1989- ), orhttp://www.ciesin. org/I|C/wbank/tde-home.html.UN Chronicle. (New York: United Na-tions Dept. of Public Information,1975 -).UN Demographic Yearbook. (New York:Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs,Statistical Office, United Nations,1948 - ).UN Statistical Yearbook. (New York:United Nations Publications, 1993- ).United Nations. (http://www.un.org/)May 20, 1997.United Nations Handbook. (Wellington,N.Z. : Ministry of Foreign Affairs andTrade, 1993).World Resources. (New York: Basic Books,1986- ).Yearbook of the United Nations. (NewYork: Dept. of Public Information,United Nations, 1947 - ).References! Col. Steve Wilson, oInside the USGovernment Underground,� SkywatchInternational, (http://www.wic.net/colonel/nato.txt) May 2, 1997.2 U.S. Department of State, Back-ground Notes, (http://www.state.gov/www/background_notes/index.html) May 20,1997, and Library of Congress, CountryStudies, (http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/cshome.html) May 20, 1997.3 List of Depository Libraries ReceivingUnited Nations Material, 19 February1997, (http://www.un.org/Morelnfo/Deplib/usa.htm#ncarolina) May 14, 1997.4 Wiltrud Harms, oUN Bibliographicand Background Tools in Hardcopy andOnline: How to Use the Best Tools forCurrent Legal Research,� in Introductionto International Organizations, ed.Lyonette Louis-Jacques and Jeanne S.Korman (New York: Oceana Publica-tions, Inc., 1996), 311. United Nations Handbook 1996, 34thed. (Wellington, New Zealand: NewZealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs andTrade, 1996), 11.© Marilyn Gahm, oHow To Do MoreWith Nothing,� in Introduction to Inter-national Organizations, ed. LyonetteLouis-Jacques and Jeanne S. Korman(New York: Oceana Publications, Inc.,1996), 157-182.7 Refworld, (http://www.unhcr.ch/refworld/refworld.htm) May 15, 1997.8 Reliefweb, 15 May 1997 (http://www.reliefweb.int/) May 15, 1997.? Commission of the European Com-munities. EC 1992 and Beyond: Access toInformation (Washington, DC: PublicInquiries Division, Office of Press andPublic Affairs, Delegation of the Com-mission, 1992), I-2.10 Office des Publications Officiellesdes Communautes Europeennes, oNoteto the Subscribers of Social Europe,�Business letter Jan. 14, 1997).11 Andrea Sevetson, oletter to EU re:long term access to e-information,� intl-doc@listserv.acns.nwu.edu (Jan. 8, 1997).12 oPress Releases and Press State-ments,� International Criminal Tribunal forthe Former Yugoslavia, (http://www.un.org/icty/press.htm) May 19, 1997.13 Eurodicautom, (http://www2.echo.lu/edic/) May 17, 1997.John Higgins, Sales RepresentativewwOXFORDNorth Carolina LibrariesP.O. Box 21011Columbia SC 292211-800-222-9086Fax: 803-731-0320OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Eve QUALITY BOOKS INC.Fall 1997 " 131

POINTShould There Be A Depository Library Program?A popular government without popularinformation, or the means of acquiring it,by Jean Porterit was established under the Printing Act of 1895. Created for the purpose of providing wider distri-ution of government information, the program, which offers documents to libraries free of charge,has successfully contributed to the general publicTs knowledge of government activities. Today, however,with the proliferation of electronic resources in many homes, schools, and businesses, do we still need adepository library system to deliver government information to the local constituents? I say, YES.Despite the fact that access to the Internet is becoming more commonplace, many people still donot have computers at home. If, as the Raleigh News and Observer indicated, 40% of the households inthe United States now have a computer, how do the other 60% get their information? For those of uswithout personal computers at home, access to government information can be easily obtained at workthrough the mirror site established at the NCSU Libraries to the GPO Access Web site. This Web siteorganizes federal information, and provides a sophisticated method of searching. Any library may haveaccess to this information if it has the equipment and the proper connections. However, at the deposi-tory libraries there are librarians and paraprofessional staff whose job it is to assist people in the use ofthe Web site and any other federal government information.While several major federal government Web sites are available only bypaying a fee, in most cases the depository libraries do not need to pay an agencyto have access. Through the FDLP, depository libraries may have one connectionfree. The program prevents the possibility that federal government informationT Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) is facing the greatest challenge to its existence sinceiis but a Prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy; will only be available to those who can afford to pay. Other information provid-or, perhaps both. Knowledge will forever ers may produce enhanced and costly products based on federal governmentgovern ignorance; and a people who information. Or, a library may be able to afford expanded network access tomean to be their own Governors, must government information beyond that available through the FDLP. The federalarm themselves with the power which government, however, has an obligation to provide easy and free access toknowledge gives. government information, if for no other reason than the generation of the" James Madison, information is paid for with tax money. I would argue that our country wasLetter to W. T. Barry, August 4, 1822 established by and for an informed population. How is that possible when more132 " Fall 1997than just the ability to read is needed to find out what the Congress or the federalagencies are doing? It is possible through federal depository libraries.One of the greatest contributions of the FDLP is the bibliographic control of government informa-tion. It has been essential to the delivery of basic knowledge about the activities of our government. Theproliferation of electronic information will result in information chaos without the structure of biblio-graphic control. The FDLP and its nearly 1,400 libraries help ensure that information will flow on aregular basis, and that missing reports are identified and obtained for distribution.A depository program with access to information dispensed through a central authority assures thevalidity of the information. A further concern relates to the permanence of the information. How do wemaintain our history if the information created by an agency is deleted because of a lack of disc space orbecause it is old information? The National Archives is attempting to collect and provide access to anenormous amount of electronic information, although it cannot provide what no longer exists. With adepository system, at least there is a chance that some of this information will be available for futurestudy at a more local level, truly accessible to the common man.In the world of computers, a distributed system is desirable. This is exactly what the FDLP is. Notevery library has to have everything issued by the federal government. Each library may select what isnecessary to serve the needs of its users. It is a distributed system which provides the bibliographiccontrol, archiving, accessibility, and the service of professionals to keep the general populace informed.LetTs keep it.North Carolina Libraries

COUNTER- POINTElectronic Access, Not Paper Acquisitionsby Harry Tuchmayerdissemination of government information. The depository system, for all its good, isa costly, unmanageable solution to a simple problem " open access to governmentinformation. I just donTt understand why any local library needs to be the recipient ofhundreds of pounds of selected documents when the technology exists to create andmaintain an electronic alternative that opens up the entire range of governmentinformation to the public.This doesnTt mean that every American needs to own or even know howto operate a computer, but it does mean that every library needs to have one. ;What we need isnTt larger depositories, but better computers available in every IA depository program withlibrary in the country " properly equipped, adequately formatted, and : ;designed with an interface that, quite simply put, is idiot proof! access to informationDonTt get me wrong, I think documents librarians are some of the smartest .and most helpful librarians around. This is the nineties, however, and itTs time disp ensed thr ough acen tralwe stop archiving and start accessing information. Why are we spending time authority assures the validityand money printing documents and training librarians to catalog and ware-house paper, when we should be utilizing the technology we have at our of the information.disposal to truly empower the average citizen? Government depositories onlyserve to restrict access to vital information, when the libraryTs mission should " Jean Porterbe to make that information more accessible!We have the potential to alter radically the way in which we makeinformation available. If government information is what weTre after, whyarenTt we using the information revolution to retrieve it? We can and weshould be looking at creative alternatives to the current system of depositingI t seems to me that in this day and age, there must be a better way of handling thedocuments in various libraries across the country. Yes, we need a permanent Government depositoriespaper copy and a secure archive to house this material, but how many sites :are needed? One, two, or three large storage facilities strategically placed only serve to restrict accessacross the country should adequately preserve the nationTs paper heritage ; T '" and provide additional pork barrel projects for a fair number of con- to vital informati on, when -ressmen and senators. . /, eae3 Remember, the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) wasnTt th e li brary S$ mission shoul ddesigned to archive our nationTs bureaucratic heritage; it was established to be to make that informa-provide for a wider distribution of government information. It seems tome that the best way to accomplish this vital mission is to rethink the tion more accessible!process of printing and distributing depository collections to the fewlibraries large enough to accommodate them, and instead focus on a " Harry Tuchmayermethod ofaccessing and delivering any current document to those whoneed or want it.There is still a place for the FDLP in managing the extensive bibliographic controlsnecessary to make the vast array of government information accessible. ITm the lastperson in the world to argue that technology alone can do the job or that the Internet isthe panacea weTve been waiting for. I simply think it would be a terrible mistake tobypass this golden opportunity to reformat the way we do things. Yes, there should be adepository program, but that doesnTt mean the program needs to operate in the sameold ways. LetTs make access, not acquisitions, our goal " and who knows? The averagecitizen might even come to appreciate what government can do for people.North Carolina Libraries Fall 1997 " 133Ee Pak, ee aR mY eect Ne at Rewer eT Pa re Vora eben ne a ee ee ae or

SY ca edition vaEditor's Note: North Carolina Libraries presents this feature in recognition of the increase in excellent unsolicited manuscripts that meritpublication, but are not necessarily related to each issue's specific theme.Encouraging ResearchAmong Untenured Faculty:One Library's Experienceby Margaret Foote, Jan Mayo, Ali Abdulla, Lydia Olszak, James Haugibrary faculty must often meet research and publi-cation requirements to be awarded tenure at theirinstitutions. Unprepared, perhaps, by the libraryscience degree program, librarians frequently find re-search and publication a daunting challenge. Such was thecase for some untenured faculty in Academic Library Servicesat East Carolina University. We knew that we must engage inresearch and publish our results to achieve tenure, but we wereapprehensive about this process. How could we overcomethese fears? This article tells how we successfully met the chal-lenge of research and publication while allaying our fearsabout the process. We describe here what approaches to re-search and publication encouraged us the most. We also de-scribe what approaches to research and publication were notsuccessful for us but could prove useful to other librarians.Although our experience is of particular value for academiclibrarians, we hope that public, school, and special librarianswill find our experience useful in their careers.Background InformationEast Carolina University, located in Greenville, North Caro-lina, is a state-supported university and a constituent institu-tion of the University of North Carolina system. The thirdlargest of the systemTs sixteen campuses, the University has atotal enrollment of nearly 17,000 students and a faculty ofmore than 1,000 members. The University was recentlygranted Doctoral II status.The information needs of East Carolina University aremet by two independent administrative units, Academic Li-brary Services and the Health Sciences Library. Academic Li-brary Services, which consists of a main li-brary and one branch library (J.Y. Joyner Li-brary and the Music Library, respectively),supports the programs in the Division ofAcademic Affairs. Undergraduate and gradu-ate programs in this division are offeredthrough the College of Arts and Sciencesand through the professional schools of Art,Business, Education, Health and HumanPerformance, Human Environmental Sci-134 " Fall 1997ences, Industry and Technology, and Music. Academic LibraryServices has over one million volumes in holdings and em-ploys 28 librarians who have full faculty status with twelve-month appointments.Before the 1980s, tenure for library faculty at East Caro-lina University was based largely on job performance, definedas public or technical services for the library patron, and ser-vices such as committee work within the library. Publicationof research was not a tenure requirement. During the 1980s,tenure requirements for library faculty at the University weregradually brought in line with the requirements of the teach-ing faculty. In addition to job performance and services, therequirements for untenured library faculty now include re-search and publication.Approaching Research and PublicationDuring the early 1990s, about a dozen new librarians joinedAcademic Library Services. As a group of untenured faculty,we knew that we must engage in research and publication inorder to be awarded tenure by the University. Unsure of howbest to proceed in this endeavor, a number of us tried severaldifferent approaches to encourage ourselves in the researchand publication process. These included attending Fridaylunches, keeping research journals, meeting with the libraryTspersonnel committee, developing a mentoring program, cre-ating a release-time policy, and learning more about researchand publication. Each of these is described below.Friday lunches.Our first approach to encouraging research and publicationThe entire faculty believed that by creating a collegialenvironment that focused on research, untenuredfaculty would become increasingly familiar with theprocedures of research and publication.North Carolina Libraries

was to hold Friday lunch meetings twice a month that wouldserve as a forum where faculty who were engaged in researchcould share their work with colleagues. During the lunches,faculty could receive feedback about their research, discusspossible research topics, suggest practical ways to incorporateresearch into our normal work routine, and serve as role mod-els for others. Both tenured and untenured faculty attendedthe lunches on a voluntary basis. The entire faculty believedthat by creating a collegial environment that focused on re-search, untenured faculty would become increasingly famil-iar with the procedures of research and publication. Advice onthe process from some of the senior faculty who had success-fully published would provide encouragement to those whohad never before published.Although the idea of the Friday lunches sounded good intheory, in practice the lunches did not work out well. Perhapsthe major problem was that the atmosphere of the lunchesquickly became too informal. While fostering camaraderieamong the faculty of different departments within the library,discussions at the lunches all too often veered away from re-search to topics such as everyday library problems. Eventually,attendance at the Friday lunches dwindled.Research Journals:In a brainstorming session some of us decided to keep andshare anonymous research journals. These journals wouldserve to record our research activities and our thoughts on theresearch process, from describing day-to-day research to sub-mitting the research for publication and seeing the results inprint. We believed that by sharing these journals among our-selves we could learn from one anotherTs experiences in re-search and publication. Several of us kept journals for a shortwhile, but soon found we could not maintain the journals andkeep up with other library activities. Furthermore, communi-cation could not be fostered anonymously. We decided thatthis approach was unsuited fo our needs.Personnel Committee:To encourage us in our efforts, the libraryTs personnel commit-tee held meetings at which attendees discussed several topics:how to select an issue for research; how the journal reviewprocess works; how to select a journal in which to publish anarticle; how to become professionally active; and how to makeprofessional contacts. The personnel committee chose to meetannually with each untenured faculty member to discuss re-search activity, professional development, and the memberTsprogress toward tenure. The committee also persuaded thelibrary administration to purchase copies of Robert BoiceTs TheNew Faculty Member! for untenured faculty to use as a guidein the research/publication process.These meetings with the Personnel Committee were gen-erally relaxed and informal. The greatest benefit of the meet-ings was for committee members to convey to us that the ten-ured faculty supported our efforts and were sincerely con-cerned with our progress. These meetings were a positive stepin meeting the challenge of research and publication.Mentoring:As another way to encourage research among untenured fac-ulty, the libraryTs faculty-development committee proposed amentoring program in conjunction with the UniversityTsmentoring program. The concept underlying the proposedprogram, though not novel, seemed logical and workable. Itpresumes the following conditions: that tenured faculty haveresearch experience and ideas for research; that these facultyprovide the time and effort needed to act as research advisorsand role models " as mentors; that new faculty find tenuredNorth Carolina Librariesprofessors with whom they work compatibly; and that thementors offer critical guidance to their adviseesT research, oreven act as their joint researchers and co-authors. Fulfillmentof these conditions should assure that the new faculty mem-ber will publish successfully. The entire faculty has found thementoring program a good idea. Details of the proposedmentoring program have been worked out and are awaitingimplementation.Release time:The library faculty, realizing that all have twelve-month con-tracts, leaving no summer months for research, instituted arelease-time policy to provide time dedicated specifically toscholarly activity. The procedures are straightforward: a fac-ulty member submits a proposal to the release-time commit-tee detailing the research project, how much time is desired,and what will be accomplished. Since the policyTs implemen-tation, a few faculty have used release-time for research. Thepolicy has been especially fruitful for release-time granted inblocks of time, such as a week, and requiring travel out of thearea. This policy is potentially beneficial for both tenured anduntenured faculty.Learning about Research and Publication:As another positive step, we each made a number of effortsto learn more about the process of research and publication.Two untenured faculty members participated in a day-longnational preconference on research in cataloging and classi-fication; others attended a university-sponsored writing work-shop. The libraryTs faculty staff development committee alsooffered several programs on the topics of research and writ-ing. These programs, conducted by faculty members from out-side the library, presented practical advice on incorporatingresearch and writing into our daily schedule. The informationwe gathered proved helpful. Many of us began to include re-search in our regular workflow.Our Best Solution:Creation of the Research GroupAlthough a mentoring program had been developed, a releasetime policy created, and more had been learned about thepublication process, we still believed we had not found thebest way to encourage research among untenured faculty. Wedecided to revisit a discarded approach " the Friday lunches.We agreed that meeting twice a month to discuss research hadbeen effective. This time, however, rather than meeting overlunch and with both tenured and untenured faculty in atten-dance, we decided to hold a meeting specifically for discus-sion of research, and to invite only untenured faculty to thesemeetings. In addition, we decided to make a firm commit-ment to the success of these meetings.We soon began to meet as a group, and quickly realizedthat we had finally found an ideal forum for encouraging re-search. During these meetings, we discussed our research in-terests, suggested topics, read one anotherTs drafts, exchangedadvice, and, in general, cheered one another on. Although at-tendance was not mandatory, we soon had a core group ofseven members. Since its inception, three new members havejoined the group and one, granted tenure, has left the group.One other member, granted tenure two years after the groupwas formed, continued to attend meetings until moving to an-other state.When we began our meetings, two group members werecompleting articles to submit for publication. Both discussedtheir articles with the group and allowed some group mem-bers to read their drafts. The two individuals then submittedFall 1997 " 135

their articles to refereed journals. The articles were returnedto each author with suggested revisions. Acting on the adviceof the group, the authors revised their articles and resubmit-ted them. Both articles have since been published.Encouraged, in part, by the success of these two facultymembers, and, in part by our research meetings, other groupmembers began working assiduously on various research top-ics. To date, five articles (counting the two mentioned above)and a substantial book review have been published. Four ar-ticles have been accepted for publication, and three have beensubmitted for publication.During these meetings, discussion can turn in a numberof directions about the research and publication process. Fre-quently, we brainstorm about potential research topics. Wediscuss the best journals for a particular subject or article. Werecount our experiences with various editors. Above all, wereport our progress on research projects to each other. Thesereports to our research peers have helped many of us to bemore diligent in our work. Our sense of community and team-work has grown as a result of our involvement in the researchgroup. We have a stronger appreciation for each other as in-dividuals and professionals than we did before we began thisventure. Not only do we assist each other with our researchendeavors, but we believe we have developed a more coopera-tive atmosphere in other aspects of our work.In retrospect, we wish we could have created our researchgroup earlier. We all agree, however, that our several false startshelped strengthen our commitment to the group. Given thesuccess of the group, we plan to continue meeting and sup-porting each otherTs research endeavors. As we have becomemore accustomed to incorporating research into our work life,we are beginning to explore other ways we can support eachotherTs academic pursuits. As the group gains experience inresearch, membership might encompass all library facultyengaged in research. Group members could rehearse presen-tations for professional conferences before a non-threateningaudience. We also intend to implement the proposedmentoring program. As current members of the group becomesuccessful researchers, they could become mentors to newmembers. We even plan to support each other in grant writ-ing endeavors. All in all, we have found that a research sup-port group, composed of dedicated members, has had a posi-tive influence on all of us.What Others May Learn from Our ExperienceIn our experience, the best way to encourage research andpublication was to meet as an informal group to discuss ourresearch endeavors. Some of our approaches, however, haveworked well for others and may work for those in situationssimilar to ours. For instance, release-time policy, as well asbrown bag lunches (comparable to our Friday lunches),proved successful for librarians at Auraria Library, Universityof Colorado, Denver.� Librarians at Morris Library, SouthernIllinois University at Carbondale, followed a pattern similarto ours. They held a series of brown bag lunches that eventu-ally developed into the Research Interest Group. In this case,the group received support from the organizationTs facultydevelopment committee.? The mentoring process betweensenior and junior librarians is discussed by Cargill; althoughher focus is the mentorship of library leaders, the principlesof the mentoring process she presents are applicable tomentoring in research.* Electronic mentoring, described byEchavarria et al., offers a new approach to the mentoring pro-cess in research and publication, and merits further explora-tion in the field of librarianship.°136 " Fall 1997In learning more about research and publication and insharing that knowledge among ourselves in the researchgroup, we have discovered a considerable amount of informa-tion others may find of value. For anyone interested in writ-ing for publication, a series of articles by Pamela Palmer pre-sents basic information about the process in an informal butengaging style.® Allyn and CargillTs Librarian in Search of a Pub-lisher provides many practical tips for librarians about the re-search and publication process.T Finally, those librarians in-terested in publishing, but who consider writing a difficulttask, may find many of the publications by Robert Boice help-ful. His Professors as Writers: A Self-Help Guide to ProductiveWriting is useful for anyone, academic or non-academic, whois paralyzed by the thought of writing. In a friendly, non-scholarly manner, Boice provides invaluable techniques forovercoming the fear of writing.®Although the chronicle of our experience is particularlyuseful for librarians within an academic setting, we by nomeans exclude those who work within public, special, or otherlibraries. Indeed, we would like to encourage all librarians topublish any information they may think is of value to otherswithin the profession. From a scholarly article on citation usefor librarians in research institutions to reports aboutchildrenTs summer programs in public libraries, all contributeto the library service we provide to our patrons. We hope thatour experience will encourage others to publish within thefield of librarianship.References| Robert Boice, The New Faculty Member: Supporting andFostering Professional Development. (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass,1992). Chapter 7, oEncouraging Scholarly Productivity,� dis-cusses ways to encourage research among faculty.2 Kathleen Kenny, Linda D. Tietjen, and Rutherford W.Witthus, oIncreasing Scholarly Productivity among LibraryFaculty: Strategies for a Medium-Sized Library,� The Journalof Academic Librarianship 16 (November 1990): 276-79.3 Darrell L. Jenkins, M. Kathleen Cook, and Mary AnneFox, oResearch Development of Academic Librarians: OneUniversityTs Approach,� The Journal of Academic Librarianship7 (May 1981): 83-86.* Jennifer Cargill, oDeveloping Library Leaders: The Roleof Mentorship,� Library Administration & Management 3(Winter 1989): 12-15.* Tami Echavarria, et al., oEncouraging Research throughElectronic Mentoring: a Case Study,� College and Research Li-braries 56 (July 1995): 352-361.6 Pamela Palmer, oLibrarians as Authors, Part I: Strate-gies for Success,� Southeastern Librarian 45 (Spring 1995):4-6; oLibrarians as Authors, Part II: From the Beginning,�Southeastern Librarian 45 (Summer 1995) 52-53; oLibrariansas Authors, Part III: Motivations & Choices,� SoutheasternLibrarian 45 (Fall/Winter 1995): 97-98; oLibrarians as Au-thors, Part IV: Publishing Savvy,� Southeastern Librarian 46(Spring 1996): 6-7.T Brian Alley and Jennifer Cargill, Librarian in Search of aPublisher: How to Get Published. (Phoenix, Arizona: Oryz Press,1986).8 Robert Boice, Professors as Writers: a Self-Help Guide toProductive Writing. (Stillwater, Oklahoma: New Forums Press,1990).North Carolina Libraries

PW... to the \\ Otorldby Ralph Lee ScottInternet Explorer 4.0n the last Wired to the World column, I reviewed thenew beta release of Netscape Communicator Pro; thistime we will look at the beta release of MicrosoftTsInternet Explorer 4.0. Just like Communicator, MicrosoftTsgoal for the new JE browser is improving access to the Inter-net for clients. Specifically, users have problems with speedand quality of downloads, the mass of information on theInternet, poor e-mail communication, slow software clientloading (i.e. get JE to run on your desktop), and integrationwith other products like Word and Excel. Also, improved andincreased use of Java technology has led to changes in the wayin which the Java client is handled. Microsoft hopes that thisnew version of Internet Explorer will so dazzle the users thatthey will throw away their copy of Netscape Navigator. Tomake this offer even more attractive, Microsoft has tradition-ally charged the best of all prices " nothing at all.You can download this beta version of JE at http://www.microsoft.com/ie40; however, before rushing to try thebeta version, I suggest that you first read the rest of this ar-ticle. Microsoft has improved access to frequently used sitesin this new version of its browser. Getting back to this ohis-tory� list both as a ofavorite site� or through the ohistory list�has been made easier by an enhancer called oAutoComplete�.oAutoComplete� enables you to click on your favorites di-rectly from the main menu screen. JE allows the user to dividethe main screen into two parts, the left part of which has yourfavorites listed. If you like frames, this feature will thrill you.On the other hand, if you donTt like frames... Also, in the ojustwhat you always wanted� column, the history list now canstore the URL for any site (or home page) that you have vis-ited in the last 999 days. This is (thankfully) not linked to yourmachine cache; the browser actually goes to the URL anddownloads the current page contents. If you want the con-tents of the page as it was 999 days ago, you still have to re-member to save the file on your local disk.Current users of JE will recall the browserTs reputation forobells and whistles.� The 4.0 version hopes to oprovide a veryrich viewing experience� for the users. Using Java-based tech-nology coupled with a multimedia interface, clients will finda lot going on at their desktops. If, on the other hand, you donTtwant to be bothered by a lot of activity while you are reading,you might want to turn off some of these oenhancements� byjust removing the Java application software from your PC. Beadvised, however, that Microsoft wonTt like this, and will bebugging you to download the helper software every time youlog on to their home site (http://www.msn.com). This can bestopped by changing your home page to another site thatdoesnTt plead with you to download the missing software.North Carolina Libraries2 a EE ee ae ee alMicrosoft claims that 4.0 will run faster. My general ex-perience is that JE seems to run somewhat faster thanNetscapeTs Navigator. While this is not always true, it happensto me enough that there must be something to the Microsoftclaim of faster loading. Perhaps itTs just that JE gets you some-thing to read faster, or that the obells and whistles� entertainme. Other JE users have reported that they donTt think thereis any difference in the loading speed. You might want to trythe two browsers yourself (use JE 3.0; see below) just to sat-isfy your curiosity. Let me know what you find out and I willreport back in a later column.Everybody is interested in security on the Internet now,with prime time TV commercials chronicling the woes ofpeople who had their credit card information stolen over theInternet, etc. The new version of IE promises increased secu-rity. What Microsoft has done is allow the user to have in-creasing levels of security, depending on where the browserand your e-mail or CGI form is going. For example, within acorporate or university LAN where you are perhaps less con-cerned about security because of a firewall in place, you couldhave a low level of security running under JE . Later if you goout of the building or LAN, you can invoke the security levelto a higher plane to further protect the information you trans-mit. This feature is useful for those individuals who operatein a secure environment and want to be able to allow the freeexchange of information between users with a minimum ofhassle. Not that with the higher level security the informationcannot get across; itTs just that it is better facilitated in the low-security level.Microsoft has bundled an e-mail software package calledOutlook Express. This works like a standard e-mail package, butalso has the added benefit of supporting standard Internetprotocols automatically. This is different from Microsoft'sother e-mail package Exchange, which requires a dummy cli-ent interface to use with an Internet Browser. This dummyclient is awkward to use in actual practice, and does not al-low the remote Internet client user the full functionality ofthe Exchange package. If you want to see how a dummy cli-ent looks on the Internet under Exchange, point your browserto http://mail.ecu.edu. You won't get very far without a password,but trust me, while the dummy client is better than no access,not being able to get to all of your e-mail file folders, for ex-ample, is frustrating. Microsoft has supposedly improved thefunctionality of its e-mail Internet browser in Outlook Express.If you read the last oWired� column, you would expectMicrosoft to have a networking conference product in thissoftware bundle, and it does. Called NetMeeting, it allows videoand data network conferencing over the Internet. Other partsFall 1997 " 137

=Fof the bundle include FrontPage (for creating Home Pages),NetShow (for integrating multimedia into your Home Page),and software that lets you share HTML pages within your or-ganization (called Personal Web Server).The new version of JE will include code that will takeadvantage of oPUSH� technology to provide virtualwebcasting from special oPUSH� sites. oPUSH� is an attemptat bringing television to your desktop. An example of the useof this technology is San FranciscoTs KPIX live television cam-eras at various site along the freeways. The oPUSH� technol-ogy allows the cameras to transmit real time pictures to yourdesktop. Finally, the new 4.0 will have something called anActive Desktop. This is an attempt by Microsoft to integrate theWeb browser into your PC operating environment. Thisshould allow you to move seamlessly from the Internet toother software products on your desktop. For example, youshould be able to move from an JE browser page to a Word orExcel page that looks and feels the same. This is an interest-ing idea. Will it work? Stay tuned! Like most new softwarepackages, this new version promises network administratorsoeasy administration� on client desktops. Installation in ex-isting networks and seamless running of prior HTML and Javacode is promised. The jury is still out on this, of course; onlya large scale installation of the client will give the verdict.Unfortunately the beta test of this new software osuite�has not gone well for Microsoft. I would advise against tryingit for the time being. One major problem is that you cannotrun version 3.0 and 4.0 on the same machine. Downloadingthe 4.0 version overwrites the old 3.0 code, and if things gooSouth,� then you have to remove everything and re-installthe 3.0 version again. So a word to the wise, donTt downloadthe beta 4.0 version unless you are willing to take a risk to yourdesktop Internet capability. For example, if you use JE as youronly Internet access tool, and the 4.0 version bombs (see be-low), you risk losing your web access. Since a number ofEBSCOpeople have downloaded the free version of 3.0 from the In-ternet, if 4.0 fails, you are left with no browser and no Inter-net access. If not allowing the seamless operation of two ver-sions on the desktop were not enough, Internet Explorer 4.0 willnot (repeat will not) work with four major online services:American Online, CompuServe, AT&T, and, wonder of won-ders, MicrosoftTs own MSN! Also some users have reported thatIE 4.0 has changed settings in their operating systems, some-thing you donTt want downloaded software to do. In addition,the Active Desktop seems to have become inactive and goes tosleep after an initial download. Again, this seems to be soft-ware that is not working right. An extensive list of warningsand known bugs are listed at the JE 4.0 download site. Whilesome bugs are always present in beta software, this versionseems to have some interesting problems at the roll out of thebeta version. It is hoped that in a few months these bugs willhave been fixed and the new release of Internet Explorer 4.0 inits final version will not have many of these problems.Along the bug front, the famous oTrojan Horse� bug inNetscapeTs Navigator has turned out to be worse than expected.The bug captures any CGI data you submit over Navigator intoa file that can then be sent without your knowledge to thirdparties. CGI data might include: passwords, telephone num-bers, account numbers, and credit card information. It appearsthat the Java script security software does not work as in-tended, and the user is left unprotected. A quick fix to this bughas been to disable the Java feature in Navigator using the pulldown oOptions� menu. Under the oNetwork Preferences�panel you can turn off the Java client by looking at the folderoLanguages� and unclicking the box that reads oEnableJavaScript.� If you want to continue using the Java features,remember that any CGI information you fill out can be storedon your hard drive and transmitted to third parties withoutyour knowledge. C files/forms usually have the file extensionoCGI� such as: oorder.cgi� or otickets.cgi.�W.INFORMATION SERVICESLEADER INTHE1378 " Fall 1997INTEGRATEDINFORMATION MANAGEMENTNorth Carolina Libraries

Dorothy Hodder, Compilerwice every year, the city of High Point, North Carolina, hosts the Furni-ture Market, now officially known as the International Home FurnishingsMarket. It is not, as Deborah Knott discovers in her newest adventure, agood time to show up in town without a hotel reservation. Area residentsknow well that it is also not a good time to try to eat out, rent a car, or flyin or out of the Piedmont Triad International Airport. But even the localsdo not know very much about the everyday workings of the Market. The IHEM isnot open to the general public, and consequently there is much to be learned byNorth Carolinians as well as outsiders about this intense, extravagant, andbyzantine event. Members of NCLA who have attended the biennial conferencesheld in Market Square during the past decade may have some jadedrecollection of its labyrinthine layout. Can we imagine ourselves there in abig-time, cut-throat, profit-making melee? Perhaps just barely. But this isMargaret Maron. the world that Margaret Maron portrays in Killer Market, a book sure to sell1 in large numbers at the IHFM for years to come.Killer Market. Circuit Judge Knott is called to duty in High Point during the springMarket. As she ponders her reservationless status over lunch, she meets anelderly eccentric who knows the Market inside out, the way a spider knowsthe back and bottom of a closet. A woman of many names (all false), shegives Knott a similarly bogus buyer badge and lures her into the Market.Among the many people she meets are two old acquaintances, one ofwhom is found murdered later that evening. Near him is KnottTs purse,subject of a tote-bag mix-up with the one carried by her mysterious and elusivenew friend. While Knott herself is not long regarded as a serious suspect, sheremains deeply entangled in the effort to determine who, of the many likelypossibilities, succeeded in poisoning the deserving victim. Identifying the killerdepends upon KnottTs sorting out the extremely complicated set of relationshipsamong the characters"relationships as confusing, convoluted, and illusory as thehalls of Market Square itself.It is a strange experience to read an account that so closely portrays a place oneknows " almost as disconcerting as hearing a favorite Verdi opera sung in English.Maron does take license in shaping her setting, but her effort to create an accurateportrayal of the Market in full swing seems to dominate the book. This is both aservice to those who want to know what goes on and a bit of a distraction to thosewho most want to know whodunit. The extent to which the author has labored tomaster the details of the Market may be seen in the quotations that mark thebeginning of each chapter: they come from an 1872 tome, The Great Industries of theUnited States, and often refer to furniture. If each has a subtle relation to the actionof the chapter it heads, then this reader (who is, admittedly, slowing down underthe hat these days) missed it. This reader also failed to guess the killer, which meansthe mystery successfully fulfilled its ultimate generic requirement.Killer Market is MaronTs fifth Deborah Knott novel. Earlier titles in the seriesinclude BootleggerTs Daughter, winner of the 1993 Edgar, Agatha, Macavity, andAnthony Awards, and Up Jumps the Devil (1996), nominated for an Agatha Award.Any North Carolina library with a shred of pride in its fiction and state historycollections will have this volume on the shelves. It is the most appealing descrip-tion of High Point and the IHFM one is likely to encounter, and itTs a pretty goodmystery, too.New York: Mysterious Press, 1997.273 pp. $22.00. ISBN 0-89296-654-8." Rose Simon, Salem College LibraryNorth Carolina Libraries Fall 1997 " 139Yo ee armen Seen re eS ee ee a Rae a ee Ne a a I SN SOAP a

journey homeward and a journey toward self, Charles FrazierTs Cold Mountain is abook of movement. Inman, physically and mentally wounded in the Battle ofPetersburg, takes flight from his hospital bed to return to his Haywood Countymountain and his love. Ada, mentally and spiritually wounded from the death ofher father, starts down a path of independence and self-assurance. With the help ofthose he meets along the way, Inman struggles to get home and avoid thelargely lawless Home Guard. With the help of savvy young Ruby, Ada learnsto maintain her farm and experiences manual labor for the first time. In thisReaties Braise novel of parallels and opposites, each sojourner receives help and hurt,Cold Mountain. fortune and pain, grief and joy.Cold Mountain is at once a love story and a story of war, and more thanNew York: Atlantic Monthly Press, both of these. We travel with Ada and Inman through alternating chapters1997. 368 pp. $24.00. that propel us far too quickly toward the conclusion. To describe this novel asISBN 0-7113-679-1. merely historical fiction would be doing it a great disservice. Drawing uponoral histories of his own Appalachian mountain family to create his charac-ters, Frazier is able to fashion creatures of depth and feeling. Emotions as rawas InmanTs wounds pour from each page. Authentic regional dialect anddialogue give this novel a palpable sense of place and time. For Ada andRubyTs voices, the author turned to period diaries with stunning success.FrazierTs great skill both as a researcher and a writer takes us effortlessly andPE MOUNTAIN believably from Charleston high society to small mountain town to ragingbattlefield.As a work of literary merit, Cold Mountain is astonishing; even mote so asa first novel. Frazier has made a permanent mark on North Carolina literatureand surely will leave many clamoring for more. This story will appeal to awide audience, bringing something different to each reader. As Cold Mountaineas mee AA is sure to be read and re-read for years to come, libraries of all types will wantto add several copies of this book to their collections." Lisa D. Smith, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hillo say that The Road to Guilford Courthouse is a popular history is notto denigrate it. It is stronger on personalities than underlyingcauses, more keen on military strategy than on the social make-upof troops and civilians, dramatic rather than analytical, but stillvery useful on a number of subjects. While cultural and politicalrelationships and tensions within the colonies receive less atten-tion than in other recent works, they are not neglected. War brings out strongpersonalities, and Buchanan depicts them with skill. Although the title refers tothe battle near Greensboro, most of the book deals with South Carolina, andthe travels of Lord Cornwallis in North Carolina after Guilford are sketchedhardly at all. Buchanan, an archivist, relies more ontraditional sources than current historiography but hasa good, annotated bibliography and is not afraid ofJohn Buchanan. stating his opinion. This is a well-crafted, clearly° N written narrative history that will inform and delightThe Road to Guilford Courthouse: ee eyThe American Revolution in the Carolinas. Anyone familiar with the military knows howgenerals and politicians far from the battlefield loveNew York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997. 452 pp. $30.00. strategy " and how in reality schedules get bollixed.ISBN 047116402X. The southern campaigns of 1776 and 1780-1781palgillustrate splendidly how impossible grand strategy wasin practice. Transportation and communicationdifficulties hampered and even destroyed 18th centuryplans and schedules " North CarolinaTs wet ored clay roads were quagmires byday and frozen moonscapes by night.� Terrain and transportation being socritical to military history, the scarcity and small scale of the bookTs maps aremajor flaws, while the illustrations are merely portraits of combatants and dolittle to advance the story. On the other hand, the short biographies added as a140 -" Fall 1997 North Carolina LibrariesEE

glossary at the end of the text are helpful, and the battle descriptions are often worthyof Bruce Catton.The Revolution in the South has been unduly neglected, but multi-volume publica-tions such as the Papers of General Nathanael Greene (not yet completed, UNC Press) setthe stage for more detailed and comprehensive treatments than in the past. BuchananTsRoad to Guilford Courthouse may well last for a long time as the best introduction to themilitary aspects of the war in the Carolinas, but his lack of knowledge and analysis oflocal political, cultural, and social conditions prevent it from being the final word onthe American Revolution in our area." Patrick Valentine, Wilson County Public Librarysacred Cherokee tradition is the tale of the woman Selu (Corn) and her giftof maize to humankind osoon after the world was made.� It is a story ososacred that, in the old daysT only priests could tell it, and any who wishedto hear it had to fast and go to water.� oDirectly associated with Selu, withwomen performing their most fundamental tasks and assuming powerfulresponsibilities, was the basket that the first great mother carried with hereach day.� If a woman wanted to transport something, she put it into a carrying basket,using a tumpline across the shoulders.This book is far more than the history of a handicraft. The strands of materialculture, belief systems, and history weave into womenTs life in a marginal society.Cherokee existence was torn asunder during the last two hundred years. The Cherokeenation was reduced from domination of large sections of South Carolina, Georgia,North Carolina, Alabama, and Tennessee, to subsistence on a clusterof small tracts in the mountains of western North Carolina. TheSarah H. Hill. religion and political economy of European immigrants suppressedWeavin g New Worlds: eh EER matrilocal clans in favor of patriarchal nuclearamilies.Southeastern Cherokee Women A similar reduction and shift occurred in Cherokee womenTs° basketry. They used to make most of their baskets from rivercane.and Their Basketr y. Doubleweave baskets were a complex construction of thin strips ofChapel Hill: University of North Carolina carefully slit and pared rivercane. About 500 cane strips, dyed withPress, 1997. 440pp. Cloth, $45.00. walnut, bloodroot, or pokeberry, were woven into an inner basketISBN 0-8078-2345-7. Paper, $22.50. that continued, often in a different pattern, to cover the outside. SaidISBN 0-8078-4650-3. to be capable of holding water, these baskets were commonly usedboth for storage and for serving such food as ohomminy, boiled corn,beans and pease.� A good doubleweave basket had much in commonwith a turtle or a rattlesnake. Banded and cross-hatched in browns,yellows, reds and oranges, the basket was quite tough and extremelybeautiful. An example of contemporary doubleweave basketryosurvived a fire, water damage, compression and harsh cleaningsolvents� with little visible change.War and European livestock extirpated good cane from breaksaround the traditional Cherokee towns. Women found strips of splitwhite oak made good carry baskets or egg baskets to sell. When_ ee honeysuckle invaded the South, the Cherokee made baskets of itsieee vines to use or to sell. Because of a shortage of oak, shiny and decora-ne r tive maple strips were adopted to craft the kind of baskets that touriststy } would buy. You can buy all four types of baskets today from coopera-tives on the Qualla Boundary and Snowbird tracts. Baskets that onceaN Hi Kh I. sold for 25¢ might sell for $1,000.SARAH HILt This book could serve well as an introduction to the culture of theEastern Cherokee. It needs a simple diagram of SequoiaTs syllabary,one of the most astounding intellectual feats in American history, tosupport references to the importance of written Cherokee language in tribal history.There are a few minor errors; for example, we see oanjelica� for oangelica� andoquercus� where scientific nomenclature requires oQuercus.� The thirty-one pagebibliography appears to be comprehensive in the field of Cherokee studies. This,combined with a fine index, makes Weaving New Worlds an excellent book on womenTscentral role in the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Indians. Sarah H. Hill received herPh.D. in American Studies from Emory University and is serving as guest curator at theAtlanta History Center for a 1999 exhibition on Indians and Georgia." Philip P. Banks, Asheville-Buncombe Library SystemNorth Carolina Libraries Fall 1997 " 141

avid Sedaris arrived in Raleigh in the 1950s when his father was transferredfrom Endicott, New York, by IBM. With the move came oa plague of tics,�from Kissing stairs, head-shaking, and bed-rocking, to a stint with theBroughton High School drama club and as a Dix Hill volunteer; from a tripto Greece with a teen summer tour, to leaving home finally to go to oa statecollege in western North Carolina where the low brick buildings weremarked with plaques reading ERECTED 1974.� Throughout his childhood,adolescence, and early adulthood, Sedaris realized instinctively that he wasdifferent from the southerners who reluctantly welcomed the northern invasionof RTP, but only gradually did he discern it to be more than hisstrange accent or his Jewish heritage that set him apart. Being ahomosexual in the 1950s and ~60s in eastern North Carolina was aDavid Sedaris. fate fraught with cruelty and misunderstanding. Only someone withNaked a perverse sense of humor and an amazing gift for the craft of, writing could make these vignettes of a lifelong search for self-New York: Little Brown, 1997. 291 pp. $21.95. realization and self-worth simultaneously funny and painful to read.ISBN 0-316-77949-0. Sedaris is a master of character description " his own. And yet,Chris E. Fonvielle, Jr.in spite of the title that would lead the reader to assume the author'sself-disclosure, the situations are so absurd that we never feel we'vecome to know the real David. One wonders if his parents possiblycould have been as eccentric, cruel, dysfunctional " and lovable " as he de-scribes. Could his tics really have been that extensive, that all-consuming?Likewise, the co-ed quadriplegic he nurses through college " and summertravels " is reflected only as she becomes a vehicle to describe Sedaris himself. Asintimate as their contact is, the reader senses no relationship. Only Sedaris istruly described.Naked is a book to read a chapter at a time. As a matter of fact, a few of theselections have been Sedaris monologues on NPR. They are insightful descrip-tions of the importance of family, the pain of adolescence, the cruelty thatsociety inflicts upon ten percent of its population, and the false assumption thata good laugh will hide all hurt. An important, if emotionally difficult book,Naked is recommended for all public libraries " and high schools that can getaway with it." Frances Bryant Bradburn, North Carolina Department of Public Instructionhis, the third volume in Savas Publishing CompanyTs oBattles andCampaigns of the Carolinas� series, is a thoroughly documented andwell-written addition to the growing number of published studies of theCivil War in North Carolina. FonvielleTs book is a greatly expandedversion of his masterTs thesis at East Carolina University and doctoraldissertation at the University of South Carolina, and it complementsthe work of Mark Bradley (Last Stand in the Carolinas: The Battle of Bentonville,Savas, 1996), Nathaniel Cheairs Hughes, Jr. (Bentonville: The Final Battle ofSherman and Johnston, University of North Carolina Press, 1996), and Rod Gragg(Confederate Goliath: The Battle of Fort Fisher, HarperCollins, 1991), by clearlyshowing how the Fort Fisher/Wilmington and Bentonville campaigns wererelated. More importantly, Fonvielle reminds the reader of the often-forgottenfact that the fall of Fort Fisher and Wilmington rapidly sealed the fate ofthe Confederacy.The port of Wilmington, though blockaded by the United StatesNavy, was a very significant supplier of military and civilian goodsThe Wilmington C ampaign: during the Civil War because blockade runners routinely evaded enemyships. During 1864 it became clear to the Union Navy that the Confed-Last Rays of Depar ting Hope. erate forcesT only remaining pipeline of supplies could be plugged byCampbell, CA: Savas Publishing Company,1997. 623 pp. $32.95. ISBN 1-882810-09-0.142 " Fall 1997taking Fort Fisher, which guarded the entrance to the Cape Fear Rivernear Wilmington. By early 1865, General Ulysses S. Grant realized thatthe timely capture of both Fort Fisher and Wilmington could assistGeneral William T. Sherman in his movements through North Carolinato attack the Army of Northern Virginia. An attack on Fort Fisher inDecember 1864 failed largely because of the refusal of Union naval andland forces to communicate. In a subsequent campaign that began inNorth Carolina Libraries

January 1865, and culminated in WilmingtonTs fall in February, Federal troops. co " commanded by General Alfred H. Terry and the naval forces of Admiral David D.EE Porter not only sealed the last Confederate port, but also made it easier forGeneral Sherman to defeat Confederates at Bentonville and proceed northwardwith troops from the Cape Fear region.The author utilizes a host of primary sources to show the significance of thelargest combined Union campaign of the war. Effective quotes from letters andother documents enliven FonvielleTs book and reveal much about the characterof the campaignTs participants"not only the egotistical nature of Admiral Porterand the chronic hesitancy of Confederate General Braxton Bragg, but also thefine qualities of rank-and-file soldiers on both sides. In many cases, the words ofthese men take on added meaning because their photographs appear throughoutthe book. Numerous other illustrations, including the fine maps of Mark A.Moore, help the reader understand the action as well as the significance of theChris BE. Fonvielle, Jr. fall of Fort Fisher and North CarolinaTs principal port city.The Wilmington Campaign, which includes an extensive bibliography and auseful index, could have profited by more careful editing; nevertheless, it is animportant book that will interest many patrons of academic and public libraries." Maurice C. York, East Carolina Universityhis volume is a companion to Dirk FrankenbergTs earlier description of thenorthern coastal region of North Carolina, The Nature of the Outer Banks:Environmental Processes, Field Sites, and Development Issues, Corolla to Ocracoke.Frankenberg, a professor of marine science at UNC-Chapel Hill, is intimatelyfamiliar with the North Carolina coast and the natural processes that haveshaped it and its biological communities.The subtitle, oAn ecotouristTs guide to the North Carolina coast, fromPortsmouth Island to Calabash,� is an apt description of this bookTs focus.Si eee Frankenberg begins with a concise but thorough description of the manyThe Nature of North processes, especially geological, physical, and biological, that have shapedStal} the features of the coastal region. An average lay person might have a littleCarolinaTs Southern Coast: trouble with a few of the concepts and terms, but a somewhat more experi-Barrier Isla nds, Coastal enced oecotourist� would most likely have the background needed tounderstand the scientific explanations Frankenberg provides, especiallyWater. 5, and Wetlands. since he has done an excellent job of beginning his discussions of naturalChapel Hill: The University ofNorth Carolina Press, 1997.250 pp. $17.95. ISBN 0-8078-4655-4.North Carolina Librariesphenomena from first principles.The first section of the book provides a thorough description of theplant communities one would encounter in the distinct habitats typical ofthe coastal region. Plants, the author argues, wonTt run and hide as animalswill, and provide the best indices of the physical, geological, and biologicalconditions dominating each habitat.The second section of the book is a tour guide of the many fascinatingnatural areas and sites worth visiting in the southern portion of the North Carolina coast.FrankenbergTs thorough familiarity with and love of the Carteret County coast comesthrough well, and there are truly some wonderful places to see there. The southeasternportion of the coastline is not quite so exquisitely described, but then it has also sufferedsomewhat more from the pressures of human development and offers correspondinglyfewer unspoiled habitats to enjoy.This book will serve quite well as a guidebook for someone interested in sampling thenatural treasures of the southern North Carolina coastal region. Frankenberg provides manyphotographs, maps, and sketches to illustrate both his background material and the guide-book section. He also lists an extensive bibliography of references and more detaileddescriptions of particular locales for those who wish to delve further. The book was finishedafter Hurricanes Bertha and Fran struck this region, and the author discusses their impactsand warns that some of the routes he describes may be altered or unusable in their wake.The book finishes with an epilogue that discusses the issues raised by human develop-ment of this portion of the coastline, one of the last such areas along the East Coast toexperience rapid growth. As human interests wrestle with nature more intimately, our rules,regulations, and philosophy of managing the interaction become even more important toconsider as we visit these last wild places." Lawrence B. Cahoon, University of North Carolina at WilmingtonFall 1997 " 143

ow Close We Come is a novel written from the heart with a keen eye forthemes of womenTs friendships, betrayal, and separation. It is a familiar andcomfortable story, yet one that reveals truths.The story is told by writer and suburban wife, Pril Henderson, andconcerns her ten-year friendship with neighbor Ruth Campbell as they raisefamilies in Greensboro, North Carolina. With humor and poignancy,the two women experience the ebb and flow of daily life, with itschildren, husbands, and neighbors as well as its intimacy and loss.Susan S. Kelly. Eventually, Pril must grapple with RuthTs sudden desertion of herhusband, and face her own feelings of abandonment and the dilemmaHow Close We Come. of whether to testify against her closest friend. Her experience leads herWilmington: Banks Channel Books, 1997. to a new understanding of how close people ever really come to onePaper, $10.95. 189 pp. ISBN 1-889199-00-1. another.Both PrilTs and RuthTs characters are fully realized. The two womencome to life with an honesty of feeling and insight into the humanheart and mind. They speak in clear and knowing voices. The authorhas written a novel that rings true and illuminates lifeTs most tenderand touching themes.Author Susan S. Kelly is from Rutherford, North Carolina, and a graduate of theUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her short stories have been cited for numerousawards including the Pushcart Prize and the lowa WomanTs fiction contest. How Close We Comeis the winner of Banks Channel BooksT Carolina Novel Award, which was established toencourage excellence in fiction writing by North Carolina authors. Recommended for alllibraries with popular fiction collections."Joan Sherif, Northwestern Regional Librarynce again, Clyde Edgerton takes us to rural Listre, North Carolina, the setting forhis previous bestsellers Raney and Walking Across Egypt. ItTs 1950 and passing traffichas little reason to slow down except for the blinker light at the intersection. Thetown crossroads includes the flintrock general store, the Pendergrass Auto Shop andGrill, the grocery, TrainTs Place (a filling station where the men gather to drinkbeer), and the store where the Blaine sisters sell chickens and ice (except during thunder-storms when they close up shop and drive over to their married sisterTs house to wait for theweather to clear). Down the road is the Listre Baptist Church where Pastor Crenshaw wrestleswith temptation and contemplates using the congregationTs Lottie Moon offering for localinstead of foreign aid. And all around the crossroads are the homes of the people who live inthe town and who come alive through EdgertonTs narrative.Life is simple here, although six-year-old Stephen Toomey thinks that right and wrongwere easier to understand oa long time ago when the Bible was a place and a time together.�His mother reads to him from Aunt MargaretTs Bible Stories and takes him to the prison to visitthe electric chair, believing that itTs never too early to teach her boywhat will happen if he commits a sin or breaks the law. Jack UmsteadTsmother should have done the same for her son. Driving a stolen carthrough Listre, Jack stops for gas and then lingers a while to find outWhere Trouble S leeps. what he can take from the inhabitants of this sleepy little community.He chats up the locals, romances the townTs sweet young thing, andClyde Edgerton.Chapel Hill: Algonquin Books of learns what it means when Trouble, the filling station bulldog, takesChapel Hill, 1997. 280 pp. $18.95. his nap indoors. But this devious, smooth-talking man with his pencil-ISBN 1-56512-061-2. thin mustache is no match for EdgertonTs array of town characters.Religious hypocrites are artfully revealed and the eccentricities ofthe good, everyday characters are cheerfully described by a writer whounderstands, remembers, and loves this rural world and the sound ofits peopleTs language. Listre is the fictionalized version of the townwhere Edgerton was born and raised, so he knows it well. HeTs a fineand funny storyteller, and the book should be read aloud for fullenjoyment of the rhythm and cadence of the speech of people who would sound exactly likethis if only they werenTt just characters in a book. Where Trouble Sleeps will make the readerwant to sit in the Listre School grandstand on Friday nights, eat popcorn, and watch thepicture show, all for 25 cents." Frannie Ashburn, North Carolina Center for the Book, State Library of North Carolina144 " Fall 1997 North Carolina Libraries

OTHER PUBLICATIONS OF INTEREST ...Academic and public libraries will want to acquire Guideto Research Materials in the North Carolina StateArchives: County Records. The new eleventh revisededition describes county records stored by the StateArchives in over 9,000 bound volumes, 21,000 boxes ofloose records, and 24,000 reels of microfilm. It has beenpainstakingly corrected, and record titles have beenstandardized. Similar records have been grouped togetherfor the convenience of the researcher in this edition,rather than listed alphabetically. (1997; Historical Publica-tions Section, Division of Archives and History, 109 E.Jones St., Raleigh, NC 27601-2807; vii, 363 pp.; paper,$15.00, $3.00 postage; ISBN 0-86526-273-X.)Civil War collections will be pleased with MooreTs Histori-cal Guide to the Battle of Bentonville, by Mark A. Moore.Moore drew the maps for Last Stand in the Carolinas: TheBattle of Bentonville, by Mark L. Bradley (reviewed Spring1996), and intends this book to be a companion volumewhich will orient battlefield visitors, through detailedmaps, photographs, and descriptions, to the troop posi-tions and maneuvers noted on the 29 historical markers inthe battle area. Also includes the battles of MonroeTsCrossroads and Averasboro. (1997; Savas PublishingCompany, 1475 South Bascom Ave, Suite 204, Campbell,CA 95008; 92 pp.; paper, $12.95; ISBN 1-882810-15-5.)A Garden of OneTs Own: Writings of Elizabeth Lawrencegathers more than 50 articles written between 1932 and1978 for gardening magazines, newsletters, and plantsociety bulletins, as well as excerpts from personal letters,by the well-known landscape architect and author of ASouthern Garden. It is edited by Barbara Scott and Bobby J.Ward. (1997; University of North Carolina Press, P.O. Box2288, Chapel Hill, NC 27515-2288; xviii, 281 pp.; $24.95;ISBN 0-8078-2349-X.)The Collected Poems by Reynolds Pricebrings together his poetic output of 36years, including three previously publishedcollections (Vital Provisions, 1982; The Lawsof Ice, 1986; and The Use of Fire, 1990) andintroducing a new one, The UnaccountableWorth of the World, written in large partduring PriceTs struggle with spinal cancer.Readers familiar with his novels willrecognize many familiar themes, presentedin the form that, according to the author,follows the shape of his life most closely.(1997; Scribner, 1230 Ave. of the Americas,New York, NY 10020; xxiv, 472 pp.; $37.95;ISBN 0-684-83203-8.)Against Distance is a collection of poemsby Peter Makuck, Distinguished Professor of Arts andSciences at East Carolina University and editor of Tar RiverPoetry. His subject is landscape, often the coastal waters ofNorth Carolina, and his portraits are both clear andcomplex. (1997; BOA Limited Editions, 260 East Ave,Rochester, NY 14604; distributed by Consortium, 1045Westgate Drive, Suite 90, St. Paul, MN 55114; 95 pp.;cloth, $20.00; ISBN 1-880238-44-6; paper, $12.50;ISBN 1-880238-45-4.)North Carolina LibrariesREYNOLDS"EROSLHE COLL ECDED ROEMSSparta With a Hoe is the third in Chapel Hill native GinaKaiperTs series of novels tracing North Carolina historythrough the lives of women, continuing the family sagabegun in J Shall Never Speak and The Story of Lina Holt(reviewed Winter 1995 and Spring 1996.) Sparta is LinaTsyoungest daughter. Her story begins with her marriage to aneighboring farmer in 1911, and follows her throughmotherhood and widowhood, through the relativelyprosperous 1920s and the desperately difficult early 1930s.(1997; The Days & Years Press, P.O. 10667, Pleasanton, CA94588; 249 pp.; paper, $14.50; ISBN 0-9645206-4-8.)Raleigh-area writer Cherry L.F. JohnsonTs first novel is HalfMoon Pocosin, the story of a young farm wife in easternNorth Carolina during the Depression. Cindy dreamed ofliving an independent life as a single teacher, but herparents pushed her into an unrewarding marriage withhardworking, taciturn J.D. Her struggle to live with thefarmTs isolation, monotony, and hard work is lightened bythe companionship of her baby daughter, and what shecomes to identify as the sympathetic ghosts of J.D.Tsmother, grandmother, and great-grandmother. (1997;Academy Chicago Publishers, 363 W. Erie St., Chicago, IL60610; 167 pp.; cloth, $20.00; ISBN 089733-438-8.)Public libraries along the coast will have requests forSouthport: A Novel of Second Chances, by Edward P.Norvell, a Salisbury attorney, in which young Todd Fieldleaves home (a tobacco farm in Duplin County) as soon ashe finishes high school to escape an alcoholic, abusivefather and a sexually predatory farm manager. Hitching aride to Southport, he gets a job as a hand on a charterboat. After an aborted love affair with a rich girl fromRaleigh, he drinks heavily, does drugs, and has a lot ofcasual sex. Hard work and the love of surrogate family pullTodd out of his slump, and he sobers up, buys his ownboat, and marries the daughter of a localseafood restauranteur, resolving to be abetter father than his own. This HoratioAlger tale includes as much local history,folklore, and fishing lore as it does story,making it more useful to tourists than youraverage beach book. (1997; ResearchTriangle Publishing, PO Box 1130, Fuquay-Varina, NC 27526; 255 pp.; paper, $12.95;ISBN 1-884570-68-2.)Taste of the Triangle: A Guide to the FinerRestaurants of Raleigh, Durham, Cary andChapel Hill with Recipes covers 45 restau-rants. Author Juli Brown, who has workedin several restaurants as pastry chef, sous-chef, and manager, provides brief descrip-tions and introductions to the chefs, alongwith their favorite recipes and wine selections. (1997;Down Home Press, P.O. Box 4126, Asheboro, NC 27204;224 pp.; paper, $14.95; ISBN 1-878086-56-1.)Correction: To order Weavers of Dreams, from author PaulR.Kearns, M.D. (reviewed Spring 1996), write to 715Oakdale Dr., Statesville, NC 28677-3447. I apologize forany inconvenience caused by the earlier error in address." D. HodderFall 1997 " 145

*Lagniappe (laf-yap�, lan� yapT) n. An extra or unexpected gift or benefit. [Louisiana French]compiled by Plummer Alston Jones, Jr.In Our Own Back Yard:Review of Nonprint Sources on North Carolina Authorsby Helen Fowler KluttzMy fellow fanatics for writing of and about North Carolina will be delighted to knowthat video, the Internet, and even maps have much to offer. These alternative sourcesare enhancements to what is available in print.Maps:North Carolina English TeachersT Association. A LiteraryMap of North Carolina. 1972. [Out of print, but oftenavailable at rare and used book dealers]The authors are listed below the map, which bears illus-trations related to the literature produced in the state.Near Asheville, for example, there is an angel pointingupward to represent Thomas WolfeTs Look Homeward An-gel. The listing of authors gives their birthplaces and aletter indicating the genre worked in and any stateawards received.MaloneTs New Literary Map of North Carolina. Chapel Hill:Literary Lantern Press, 1990. Available from: NorthCarolina English TeachersT Association, P. O. Box 4009,Charlotte, NC 28204; or: Literary Lantern Press, 516 CarlDrive, Chapel Hill, NC 27516.Currently endorsed by the North Carolina EnglishTeachersT Association, this map has several improve-ments over the 1972 map. This map has more politicaland geographic features: for instance, the counties aremarked on it. Also, the map is laminated, which makesit more durable. Best of all, the authorsT names are placedon the map so that one may tell at a glance which coun-ties are well-bestowed with writers and which are not.The Research Triangle Park area has the lionTs share whileMontgomery County has none.Fiction:Pete and Shirley: The Great Tar Heel Novel. Serialized by TheNews and Observer. Friday, November 17, 1995. Internet.Accessed 2/20/97. http://www4.nando.net/nao/pete/toc.htmThis serial novel has 17 chapters by 16 different writers,all culled from the Research Triangle Park area, owithmore fine writers per square foot than anywhere else inthe United States,� claims David Perkins, book editor forThe News and Observer of Raleigh. Perkins organized the146 " Fall 1997undertaking, getting Clyde Edgerton to write the first andlast chapters. As Perkins notes, oPete and Shirley is purefun.� The novel pokes fun at everything from countrymusic, as Edgerton readers have grown to expect, to writ-ersT conferences and assertiveness training for women.The real fun is to see how the baton of satire is passedfrom one chapter to the next and to see how variousthreads are woven in and out of the narrative. Thetrouble starts when Shirley discovers a briefcase in a boxof clothing she purchased for Pete at a yard sale. Thebriefcase turns out to be a PandoraTs box of secrets fromthe past that tests the relationship between Pete andShirley.Cities and Roads Stories. Internet. Accessed 7/23/97. http://www.shopthenet.net/poetcorner/cities/summary.htmlThis site can be accessed by using the keywords oCitiesand Roads " Story Descriptions.� Gathered here is a ros-ter of stories published in a periodical titled Cities andRoads: A Collection of Short Stories for Triad Readers andWriters, edited by Tom Kealy and published in Greens-boro by Lee Booth and Battleground Printing and Pub-lishing. The first issue came out in fall 1995.This periodical is one to watch, as it publishes sto-ries by previously unpublished writers as well as experi-enced writers. One limitation is that it takes stories onlyfrom Triad residents; but with the help of the Internetsite, it may reach beyond the Triad audience andthereby broaden its net for contributors. The site show-cases the short story talents in the magazine with aone-sentence synopsis of each story, followed by abrief yet intriguing excerpt, vigorous enough to leavethe reader wanting more. And there is more. One or twostories from each of the four issues included in the sitecan be accessed in full.North Carolina Libraries

Commentary on the Literary Scene:oWomen and Literary Publishing in NorthCarolina.� Part of Making the Difference:North Carolina Women Writers and TheirWorks. Internet. Accessed 2/20/97. http://odyssey. lib.duke.edu/women/ncwwpub. htmlThis document lists findings on howwomen have worked obehind the literaryscene� via organizations, periodicals, andpublishing ventures to help bring NorthCarolina literature to the publicTs atten-tion. These descriptions provide a briefsynopsis of womenTs contributions to thestateTs literary activity from 1854 to thepresent.Rubin, Louis D., Jr. oOn the New NorthCarolina Writers.� Frank 15 Online. Region:North Carolina. Anglophone S. A. and GyozaMedia. 1996 Webmaster. Internet. Accessed2/20/97. http://gyoza.com/frank/html/19Rubin.htmlRubin ruminates on the causes of the oIit-erary explosion� taking place in NorthCarolina during the last fifteen years. Henotes that most of the writers receivingwidespread attention are those who grewup in rural communities or small towns,but moved away to university towns andcities. He speculates that the writers seetheir former communities through thenew lens of a different cultural perspective,and are moved to preserve the specialcharacter of the places they came from.Survey: 5Their Native Earth: A Celebration of NorthCarolina Literature.Raleigh: HumanitiesExtension Program, North Carolina StateUniversity, and University of North CarolinaCenter for Public Television, 1989. [Aired onWUNG-TV, Channel 58, Concord-Charlotte.|Available from: Humanities ExtensionPublications, North Carolina State University,Box 8101, Raleigh, NC 27695. Cost: $125.This two-part (111 minutes) documentarytraces the emergence of a literary culturein the state, moving from the literary fore-fathers, Paul Greene (famous for the out-door drama The Lost Colony) in the eastand Thomas Wolfe in the west, to thepresent day. Contemporary writers are in-terviewed and read from their works. FredChappell, Reynolds Price, and A. R.Ammons read from their poetry. Unfortu-nately, while the poets are reading theirselections, the mushy background musicdrones on, clashing with the rhythms andemotional overtones of the language. Theindiscretions with the music, however, areredeemed by the immediacy of the visitswith contemporary writers in their ownback yards (or on the grounds of the col-lege campuses where they work) and theopportunity to witness the paths theytook to get into writingNorth Carolina LibrariesABOUT THE AUTHORS ...Ali AbdullaEducation: B.A., M.S., State University of New York-Buffalo; M.S.L.S. State Universityof New York-AlbanyPosition: Acting Head, Government Documents Department, East CarolinaUniversityDan BarkleyEducation: B.S., Miami University (Ohio); M.L.I.S., University of KentuckyPosition: Assistant Director, Government Information Librarian, NewMexico State University LibraryMimi CurleeEducation: B.A., UNC-Charlotte; M.L.I.S., University of South Carolina, ColumbiaPosition: Federal Documents Librarian, Public Library of Chalotte andMecklenburg CountyMegan DregerEducation: B.A., University of Oregon; M.S. in L.S., UNC-Chapel HillPosition: Government Publications and Maps Librarian, San Diego State UniversityLibraryMargaret FooteEducation: B.A., Mars Hill College; M.A., M.S.L.S., Ph.D., University of KentuckyPosition: Interim Associate Director, East Carolina UniversityJames HaugEducation: B.A., M.A., Ph.D., University of Colorado; M.S.P.H., UNC-Chapel Hill;M.L.S., North Carolina Central UniversityPosition: Reference Librarian, East Carolina UniversityRidley R. Kessler, Jr.Education: B.A., M.A.T., M.S. in L.S., B.A., UNC-Chapel HillPosition: Documents Librarian and Assistant Head, Reference Department, DavisLibrary, University of North Carolina-Chapel HillHelen Fowler KluttzEducation: B.A., M.A., UNC-CharlottePosition: M.L.S. student, University of North Carolina-GreensboroNancy KolenbranderEducation: B.A., M.L.S., University of Michigan; M.S., Western Carolina UniversityPosition: Unit Head for Documents, Hunter Library, Western Carolina UniversityJan MayoEducation: B.A., Ohio State University; M.L.S. Kent State UniversityPosition: Interim Head of Cataloging, East Carolina UniversityLydia OlszakEducation: B.A., College of Charleston; M.S.L.S., Clarion State College;M.S., University of Tennessee-Martin; Ph.D., UNC-Chapel HillPosition: Former Reference Librarian, East Carolina UniversityJean PorterEducation: B.A., M.S. in L.S., University of Wisconsin, MadisonPosition: Principle Government Documents Specialist, D.H. Hill Library, NorthCarolina State UniversityLinda ReidaEducation: B.A., M.S.L.S., Catholic University of America; M.Ed., University of UtahPosition: Media Coordinator, Tuscola High School, Waynesville, NCCatherine ShreveEducation: B.A., University of Virginia; M.L.S., University of North TexasPosition: International Documents Librarian, Perkins Library, Duke UniversityWilliam SpiveyEducation: B.S., Georgetown University; M.S. in L.S., B.A., UNC-Chapel HillPosition: Electronic Documents Librarian, Perkins Library, Duke UniversityFall 1997 " 147

NorTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATIONMinutes of the Executive BoardJuly 18, 1997, Chapel Hill Public LibraryMembers and Guests Present: Dave Fergusson, Steve Sumerford, Pauletta Bracy, Teresa McManus,Beverley Gass, Martha Davis, Karen Perry, Kathryn Crowe, Patrick Valentine, Wanda Brown, BarbaraLevergood, Robert Burgin, John Via, Tracy Babiasz, Sheila Core, Barbara Akinwole, Carol Freeman,Lou Bryant, Renee Pridgen, Sheila Johnson, Beth Hutchinson, Marilyn Miller, Susan Adams, JanetFlower, Betty Meehan-Black, Ross Holt, Richard Wells, Ann Miller, Ginny Gilbert, Frances Bradburn,Melinda Ratchford, Stephen Dew, Maureen Costello.Cathy Thompson, Director of the Chapel HillPublic Library, welcomed the committee tothe beautiful Chapel Hill Public Library.President Fergusson called the meeting toorder at 10:00 am. After a few typographicalerrors were corrected, the minutes for theprevious meeting were approved.President's ReportPresident Fergusson introduced MarieCostello, the new NCLA Administrative As-sistant. He then announced the results of theboard elections:Vice President/President-Elect:Plummer Alston Jones, Jr.Secretary: Elizabeth J. JacksonTreasurer (4 year term): Diane D KesterDirectors-at-large: Ross A. HoltVanessa W. RamseurALA Councilor (4 year term):Jacquelyn B. BeachTreasurerTs ReportWanda Brown distributed the 2nd Quarter1997 Financial Report. Major items on thereport:Total budgeted receipts $82,740.00Year to Date Budgeted receipts $57,764.14Total 1997 Budgeted Expenses $82,740.00Year to Date Expenses $35,098.89Sections and RoundtablesChildrenTs Services SectionThe committee is making final plans for thebiennial conference. They also have con-tacted former members to urge them to re-new their membership.College and University SectionThe Bibliographic Instruction Interest Groupheld a successful workshop. At the biennialconference the Section will sponsor a sessionon NC LIVE.Community and Junior College LibrariesSectionA survey sent to 157 present or potentialmembers had a response of 23%. Over half ofthose responding favored remaining as a sepa-rate section. Therefore the section will remaina separate section for the next biennium.148 " Fall 1997DocumentsThe Section has been very active. The springworkshop attendance was not as high ashoped. In their business meeting, they dis-cussed North Carolina Libraries and agreedthat it is very important to the association.They also agreed that we need to (1) reevalu-ate the content of North Carolina Libraries;and (2) investigate ways to cut costs. Sectionchair Barbara Levergood presented a reporton the impact of the new NCLA policy on thespring workshop, which requires a higherregistration fee for non-members than formembers. Based on the analysis of the work-shop attendance, the section made the fol-lowing recommendations: (1) The best wayto attract new members and to keep old onesis to offer quality programs that both mem-bers and non-members can afford to come to.We recommend that NCLA policy bechanged to allow for a small and flexible dif-ference in registration fees" perhaps a $5-$10-$15 difference between member andnon-member rates.The Executive Board discussed these rec-ommendations. Patrick Valentine pointedout that one of the reasons the registrationfee was higher is because there were no grantsfor workshops this year. Presumably, in thefuture we will be able to offer grants and thefees can be lower. David Fergusson noted thatthere could be non-librarian fees. RobertBurgin suggested that we take these recom-mendations into consideration during thenext biennium when we will have grants tooffset some of the costs. The group expressedappreciation for the thorough report andrecommendations.Library Administration and ManagementSectionThe Section will sponsor a preconference(Staffing Issues for the Year 2000) incollaboration with RASS and the PublicLibrary Section. LAMS will contribute $1000and RASS and Public Library Section will eachcontribute $500.N.C. Association of School LibrariansThe section has selected titles for theChildrenTs Book Award and the Junior BookAward. Count on Reading statistics for NCreached over 2.5 million books, placing NC14th in the US. Summer workshops registra-tion reached over 275 participants for thethree locations. These were jointly sponsoredwith the Department of Public Instruction.Public Library SectionThe Section decided to co-sponsor the pre-conference with LAMS, in addition to otherconference plans.Reference and Adult Services SectionThe nominations for the RASS board for the1997-1999 biennium include:Vice Chair: Carolyn PriceSecretary/Treasurer: Joanne Abel.Resources and Technical Services SectionThe Membership Committee mailed a Mem-bership Directory 1996 and a new member-ship survey to members. They plan to contactnon-members as part of a recruitment effort.New Members Round TableThe summer workshop, NMRTTs Big Adven-ture, was well received. Acting Vice-ChairTracy Babiasz has added much more informa-tion to the NMRT Web Site.NC Library Paraprofessional AssociationRoundtableThe group had a lengthy examination of thenew financial procedures of NCLA and theydiscussed the possibility of becoming an in-dependent organization. They will hold aseries of workshops. Meralyn Meadows, in-coming Chair of ALATs paraprofessionalround table, presented a report and a petitionrequesting that ALA have a oParaprofessionalof the Year.�Round Table on the Status of WomenThe group is working on the conference pro-gram, which they are co-sponsoring with thePublic Library Section.Committee ReportsConference Committee75 vendors have registered and a remindernotice is being prepared. The committeeNorth Carolina Libraries

members reviewed the conference budget andproject revenues of $102,000 and expendi-tures of $75,360 for a profit of $26,240. Infor-mation about the conference can be found onthe web site. The conference registration pro-gram has moved to Excel and a Windows T95environment. The committee decided to offerscholarships for two students in the libraryscience programs at Appalachian, East Caro-lina, UNC-G, UNC-CH and NCCU.Constitution Codes and HandbookThe committee will be presenting two itemsfor approval at the biennial conference. Thecommittee also pointed out that the name ofthe publications committee had not been of-ficially changed. Robert Burgin made the fol-lowing motion: The name of the PublicationsCommittee be changed to the Marketing andPublications Committee. Sylvia Sprinkle-Hamlin seconded and the motion passedunanimously.Finance CommitteeThe committee reported that it had not com-pleted the 1998 NCLA Budget because they didnot have all of the data needed but that a ten-tative budget will be mailed out before the con-ference and voted on at the October meeting.Other news: The IRS 990 extension was filed.The accountant recommended that a full au-dit be done for the 1997 budget year. This willcost about $3000. The committee asked thatBoard members submit in writing any concernsabout the newly revised financial procedures.Grants CommitteeThe committee has identified potential sources offunding. The committee also discussed othersources of funding including membership devel-opment. Endowed or different classifications ofmembership could be used to address operatingexpenses, but foundation grants are usuallyproject oriented rather than and thus do not helpwith the operating expenses. There was also dis-cussion about endowing NC Libraries.Governmental Relations CommitteeNCLATs efforts for 1997 National Library Leg-islative Day were very successful. Every NCcongressional office was visited. There were anumber of highlights from the day includinga photo with Rep. Richard Burr and ALATs leg-islative counsel attending the NCLA lun-cheon.Literacy CommitteeThe committee has five initiatives it is pursu-ing. It will be submitting a position paper onlibrary services to immigrants and refugees atthe October Executive Committee meeting.MembershipThe committee has selected the nominees andwinners of the various membership awardswhich will be presented at the conference.Marketing/Publications CommitteeThe committee has been planning preconfer-ence workshops. Also the NCLA Web Commit-tee will merge with the Marketing/ Publica-tions Committee.North Carolina LibrariesFrances Bradburn asked sections, roundtablesand committees to mail their biennial reportsNorth Carolina Librarieson disk or e-mail by Oct. 1. She also remindedthe board that representatives to editorial boardis a 4 year commitment.ALA ReportMartha Davis distributed an extensive reporton ALA activities. The Council passed a reso-lution of thanks to Governor James Hunt whohas oconsistently placed libraries of all types atthe head of his legislative and personal agenda,steadily increasing his recommendations forState Aid to all libraries.� President Fergussonasked if Governor Hunt could be invited to theconference to receive the resolution. MarilynMiller commended Martha Davis for her workat ALA and John Via thanked her for writtenreports. The rest of the board also expressed itsappreciation for MarthaTs excellent work withthe ALA Council.Other BusinessPublic Library Association sent letter to Presi-dent Fergusson reminding him that PLA is ten-tatively scheduled in Charlotte for the year2000. Sylvia Sprinkle-Hamlin, president of theBlack Caucus of ALA, informed the group aboutthe upcoming conference and invited theBOaATGHOsNe RlGSIGeMtCSW\ Clots |r" ger ae a eeNorth Carolina Library Association Memberhip(Library School Students: $10; Retired Librarians: $15;Non-Library Personnel: $15; Institutional: $50; Contributing: $50;Library Personnel: varies according to income - call for information)come Party at ForsythCounty Public Library.Martha Davis commendedSylvia for her workPresident Fergusson askedthe chairs of committees, NewRenewalAMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION1997 ANNUAL CONFERENCE REPORTJune 26, 1997 - July 2, 1997San Francisco, CaliforniaSubmitted by Martha Davis,ALA Chapter Councilor for North CarolinaAlso see future issues of American Libraries forthe official report and voting record.ATTENDANCE- As reported in Council II as ofMonday, July 1, 1997:San NewFrancisco YorkType: 1997 1996Paid Registrations 12,059 10,812Total All Registrations 23,2014 235707PRESIDENTTS PROGRAMS- Walter Anderson,editor of Parade Magazine spoke at the Open-ing General Session on Saturday, June 28, 1997.Anderson is a champion for literacy and amember of the U. S. National Commission onLibraries and Information Science.The PresidentTs Program on Sunday, June 29,entitled oOpening Pages for Life: The Power ofthe Book� focused on reading to children. Pan-Member # if Renewalsections and roundtables tosend a list of their membersto himself and Beverley NameGass.Old Business TitleNCLA Financial ProceduresOperating Funds Barbara LibraryLevergood said Documentswould like to see reportingto committees and sectionsstrengthened; some discus-Business Addresssion. Karen Perry expressedconcern that not getting abank deposit slip back couldmade a Motion to approvethe Financial Procedures asthey were proposed in therecommendations from theFinance Committee. RobertBurgin seconded. KarenPerry moved that the docu-ment be amended as fol-Daytime Telephone No.(s):4CHOICE(S) OF SECTIONS AND ROUND TABLESONE INCLUDED IN BASIC DUES. Add $5 for each additional section or round table.ChildrenTs Services, College & University Section, Community & Junior CollegeLibraries Section, Documents Section, Library Administration & Management, NCAsso. of School Librarians, NC Public Library Trustees Asso., Public Library Section,lows: Section and round-table chairs may requestmonthly income, expendi-ture reports and other perti-nent documents as needed,or may at any time make astanding request for con-tinuing monthly reports.Barbara Levergood sec-onded. The motion carriedas amended.President Fergusson ad-journed the meeting." submitted by SteveSumerford||||||||||||be a problem. Beverley Gass ,|||||||||||||Reference & Adult Services Section, Resources and Technical Services Section, NewMembers Round Table, NC Library Paraprofessional Asso., Round Table for EthnicMinority Concerns, Round Table on Special Collections, Round Table on the Statusof Women in Librarianship, Technology & Trends Round Table$ ENCLOSED:$ f Membership and one section/round table$5.00 each additional section/round table$ TOTALMail to: North Carolina Library Associationc/o State Library of North Carolina109 East Jones StreetRaleigh, NC 27601-1023:.NCLA Office Hours: M-F. 9-1 ¢ Telephone (Voice & FAX) 919/839-NCLA =Fall 1997 " 149

elists were Robert MacNeil , Julius Lester, Vir-ginia Hamilton, and Lucia Gonzalez.TOPICS: Barbara Ford became 1997-98 ALA Presi-dent at the Inaugural Banquet on Tuesday, July 1,1997. Ann Symons, a school librarian from Ju-neau, Alaska and former ALA Treasurer, celebratedher election as 1998-99 ALA President.Annual Conference opened with the celebra-tion of the June 26 Supreme Court defeat of theCommunications Decency Act as a ovictory forlibrarians, Internet users and everyone whocares about free speech.� Jubilation over thisdefeat and ALATs role as major plaintiff and theannouncement of the $400 million donated tolibraries by Bill and Melinda Gates set a verypositive tone for the entire conference. Afteronly two years, initiatives of ALA Goal 2000 "the expansion of the Washington Office to con-centrate on legislation for libraries "- and the cre-ation of the Fund for AmericaTs Libraries to en-courage corporate contribution to libraries " havealready produced significant results.The upbeat atmosphere was slightly taintedby the exit of Elizabeth Martinez, the creatorof ALA Goal 2000, as ALA Executive Director.Issues behind the benefits package offered toElizabeth Martinez, controversy over requiringthe new Executive Director to have an MLS,and the fact that several candidates did notaccept the position, have required the SearchCommittee for the Executive DirectorTs posi-tion to reopen the search. Meanwhile, MaryGhikas will become acting Executive Directoruntil a new Executive Director can be hired.Other discussions focused on where the moneywould come from to fund the new Spectrum Ini-tiative. Councilors were also concerned aboutwhether or not 150 candidates of color could befound to participate in this program.Councilors were split over whether to evendiscuss a resolution to commend the Hawaiilibrarians for their objections to the HawaiiState LibrarianTs decision to outsource all bookselection for the state to Baker and Taylor.Council II] adjourned on Wednesday, July 2without considering the resolution.Internally, Council once again voted to leavethe term of ALA Treasurer at 4 years and to re-duce the term of Councilors to 3 years. Thisissue must now be voted on by ALA members.Discussion on allowing electronic participationon ALA committees generated concerns thatcommittee members would lose the benefit ofhuman contact and that there might be a pro-found financial effect on attendance at ALA.Barbara Ford, incoming ALA President, notedthat we must move quickly to become virtualor be left behind. Later, Council approved aresolution to develop an ALA member listservto provide a way for members to have moreinput into the issues, concerns, and interests ofALA.At Council III, Bill Roberts, Councilor-At-Large and Martha Davis, N. C. Chapter Coun-cilor presented a resolution to thank GovernorJames B. Hunt of North Carolina for his sup-port of North Carolina libraries and NCLIVE.A citation from ALA will be mailed to Gover-nor Hunt.Finally, on Wednesday, July 2 at Council Ill,Councilors revised and then approved the In-tellectual Freedom CommitteeTs RESOLUTIONON THE USE OF FILTERING SOFTWARE INLIBRARIES. This document now stands withthe Library Bill of Rights as ALATs legal positionon filtering.CHAPTER RELATIONS COMMITTEEMEETINGSChapter Relations Committee meetings onceagain were small group forums for BarbaraFord, Ann Symons and others such as JudithKrug to discuss Presidential initiatives, to solicitideas and support for the new PresidentTs ini-tiatives and to talk about intellectual freedomissues. Elizabeth Martinez introduced the newDirector of the Fund for AmericaTs LibrariesWalter Hanson. Chapter Relations Member-ship Committee discussed possible strategies toTired of making"permanent loans?"CheckpointTRalph M. DavisSales RepresentativeP.O. Box 144Rockingham, NC 283791-800-545-2714Tomorrow's Technology for Today's Libraries�"�550 Grove Road « P.O. Box 188 * Thorofare, New Jersey 08086(800) 257-5540 ¢ TELEX: 84-5396 » FAX: (609) 848-0937190 " Fall 1997link ALA membership discounts with statechapter membership dues. The LAMA divisionliaison announced that LAMA offers extrafunds for state conference speakers if requested.LAMATs oBest of Show Display� can be shippedby the Chapter Relations Office for use at stateconferences by request. Gerald Hodges alwayswelcomes the opportunity to attend state con-ferences and help in any way he can.ALA COUNCIL DOCUMENTS DISCUSSED ATTHE 1997 ANNUAL CONFERENCEThe following Council Documents (CD) wereamong those discussed and acted upon duringthe 1997 Annual Conference. Copies of theCouncil Documents are available from the ALACouncilor at any time. A complete list of CDsconsidered will be published in a future editionof American Libraries.CD #4.4- Resolution presented and approvedto add six (6) ALA Councilors to represent ALAround tables.CD #52- Resolution to thank Bill and MelindaGates for establishing the Gates Foundation.CD #49A- Resolution presented and approvedto establish an ALA member listserv to providemore member participation in ALA issues andgovernance.CD #19.4- After some revision, Council ap-proved resolution on the use of filtering soft-ware in libraries.CD #25.1 -Resolutions presented and approvedto keep the term of ALA Treasurer at 4 yearsand to reduce the term of Councilors to 3years.CD #48 and #48.1- Presents information andplans to fund the Spectrum Initiative.AND ON A MORE PERSONAL NOTE:I want to thank NCLA for giving me the privi-lege and opportunity to serve on ALA Councilas the North Carolina Chapter Councilor. Thisexperience has had a profound effect on mypersonal and professional life. | can only hopethat I have brought something of value back toNCLA in return.This experience has also led me to under-stand that the actions of the American LibraryAssociation have significant impact on ourprofession. During my four-year term on ALACouncil I have had the great privilege to par-ticipate in discussion and vote for or on fund-ing for the following:-Professional Statement of Ethics-Access to Electronic Information, Services, andNetworks: An Interpretation of the LIbrary Billof Rights-Resolution on the Use of Filtering Software inLibraries-ALA Goal 2000 which resulted in:-Expansion of the ALA Washington Office-Legal action to defeat the CommunicationsDecency Act-Legal designation of libraries as oinformationproviders� rather than oinformation receivers�in the Telecommunications Act-Establishment of the Fund for AmericaTs Li-braries to solicit corporate support for librariesOnce again- thank you.Martha E. DavisN. C. Chapter Councilor 1993-97July 18, 1997North Carolina Libraries

NortH CAROLINA LiBRARY ASSOCIATION 1995-1997 ExEcCUTIVE BOARDPRESIDENTDavid FergussonForsyth County Public Library660 W. Fifth StreetWinston-Salem NC 27101Telephone: 910/727-2556Fax: 910/727-2549D_FERGUSSON@FORSYTH.LIBNC.USVICE PRESIDENT/PRESIDENT ELECTBeverley GassM.W. Bell LibraryGuilford Technical CollegeP.O. Box 309Jamestown NC 27282-0309Telephone: 910/334-4822x2434Fax: 910/841-4350GASSB@GTCC.CC.NC.USSECRETARYSteven L. SumerfordGlenwood Branch Library1901 W. Florida StreetGreensboro, NC 27403Telephone: 910/297-5002Fax: 910/297-5004STEVES2241@AOL.COMTREASURERWanda BrownZ. Smith Reynolds LibraryWake Forest UniversityPO Box 7777 Reynolda StationWinston-Salem, NC 27109-7777 _Telephone: 910/759-5094Fax: 910/759-9831WCASON@LIB.WFUNET.WFU.EDUDIRECTORSJacqueline B. BeachCraven-Pamlico-CarteretRegional Library400 JohnsonNew Bern, NC 28560Telephone: 919/823-1141Fax: 919/638-7817~Barbara AkinwoleState Library of North Carolina109 E. Jones StreetRaleigh, NC 27601-2807Telephone: 919/733-2570Fax: 919/733-8748BAKINWOLE@HALDCRSTATENCUSALA COUNCILORMartha E. DavisM. W. Bell LibraryGuilford Tech. Comm. CollegeP. O. Box 309Jamestown, NC 27282-0309Telephone: 910/334-4822Fax: 910/841-4350DAVISM@GTCC.CC.NC.USNorth Carolina LibrariesSELA REPRESENTATIVENancy Clark FogartyJackson LibraryUNC-GreensboroGreensboro, NC 27412Telephone: 910/334-5419Fax: 910/334-5097FOGARTYN@IRIS.UNCG.EDUEDITOR, North Carolina LibrariesFrances Bryant BradburnInformation TechnologyEvaluation ServicesPublic Schools of North Carolina301 N. Wilmington StreetRaleigh, NC 27601-2825Telephone: 919/715-1528Fax: 919/715-4823FBRADBUR@DPI.STATE.NC.USPAST-PRESIDENTGwen G. Jackson494 Breezy Point RoadSwansboro, NC 28584Telephone: 919/393-2651GJACKSON@UNCECS.EDUADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT(ex officio)North Carolina Library Associationc/o State Library of North CarolinaRm. 27 109 E. Jones St.Raleigh, NC 27601-1023Telephone: 919/839-6252Fax: 919/839-6252SECTION CHAIRSCHILDRENTS SERVICES SECTIONBeth HutchisonPublic Library of Charlotte andMecklenburg County301 N. Tryon StreetCharlotte, NC 28202Telephone: 704/336-2409Fax: 704/336-2677BAH@PLCMC.LIB.NC.USCOLLEGE anp UNIVERSITY SECTIONKathryn CroweJackson LibraryUNC-GreensboroGreensboro, NC 27412Telephone: 910/334-3215Fax: 910/334-5097CROWEK@IRIS.UNCG.EDUCOMMUNITY anp JUNIORCOLLEGE LIBRARIES SECTIONShelia CoreSurry Community CollegeP.O. Box 304Dobson, NC 27107Telephone: 910/386-8121x317Fax: 910/386-8951DOCUMENTS SECTIONBarbara LevergoodDavis Library CB#3912UNC-Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC 27514-8890Telephone: 919/962-1151Fax: 919/962-4451LEVERG.DAVIS@MHS.UNC.EDULIBRARY ADMINISTRATION anpMANAGEMENT SECTIONRobert E. BurginNorth Carolina Central Univ.1801 Fayetteville StreetDurham, NC 27707Telephone: 919/560-6485Fax: 919/560-6402BURGIN@NCCU.EDUNORTH CAROLINA ASSOCIATIONOF SCHOOL LIBRARIANSKaren Perry1000 Parkwood CircleHigh Point, NC 27262Telephone: 910/819-2870PERRYK@UNCG.EDUNORTH CAROLINA PUBLICLIBRARY TRUSTEES ASSOCIATIONClifton Metcalf56 Cedar Hills CircleChapel Hill, NC 27514Telephone: 919/962-0331Fax: 919/962-2279PUBLIC LIBRARY SECTIONSylvia Sprinkle-HamlinForsyth County Public Library660 W. Fifth StreetWinston-Salem, NC 27101Telephone: 910/727-2556Fax: 910/727-2549S_HAMLIN@FORSYTH.LIB.NC.USREFERENCE anp ADULT SERVICESSue Ann CodyUNC-Wilmington601 S. College RoadWilmington, NC 28403-3297Telephone: 919/395-3688Fax: 910/395-3863CODYS@UNCWIL.EDURESOURCES anp TECHNICALSERVICES SECTIONJanet FlowersDavis Library CB#3902UNC-Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC 27514-8890Telephone: 919/962-1120Fax: 919/962-4450JANET_FLOWERS@UNC.EDUROUND TABLE CHAIRSNEW MEMBERS ROUND TABLECarol FreemanAllied Health LibraryForsyth Technical Com.College1900 Beach StreetWinston-Salem NC 27103Telephone: 910/723-0371x291Fax: 910/748-9395CFREEMAN@BULLNCDCC.OCNCUSNORTH CAROLINA LIBRARYPARAPROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONRenee PridgenCumberland Co. Public Library300 Maiden LaneFayetteville, NC 28301Telephone: 910/483-1580Fax: 910/486-5372RPRIDGEN@CUMBERLAND.LIBNCUSROUND TABLE FOR ETHNICMINORITY CONCERNSSheila JohnsonForsyth County Public Library660 W. Fifth StreetWinston-Salem, NC 27101Telephone: 910/727-2556Fax: 910/727-2549S JOHNSONG@FORSYTH.LIB.NC.USROUND TABLE ON SPECIALCOLLECTIONSSharon KnappPerkins LibraryDuke UniversityP.O. Box 90185Durham, NC 27708-0185Telephone: 919/660-0185Fax: 919/684-2855SEK@MAIL.LIB.DUKE.EDUROUND TABLE ON THE STATUSOF WOMEN IN LIBRARIANSHIPElizabeth Meehan-BlackDavis Library CB#3902UNC-Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC 27599-3902Telephone: 919/962-1120Fax: 919/962-0484BETTY_MEEHAN-BLACK@UNC.EDUTECHNOLOGY AND TRENDSROUND TABLECristina YuZ. Smith Reynolds LibraryWake Forest UniversityPO Box 7777 Reynolda StationWinston-Salem, NC 27109-7777Telephone: 910/759-5094Fax: 910/759-9831CYU@LIB.WFUNET.WFU.EDUNCLANorth Carolina Library AssociationFall 1997 " 151

EDITORIAL STAFEEditorFRANCES BRYANT BRADBURNInformation Technology Evaluation ServicesPublic Schools of North Carolina301 N. Wilmington StreetRaleigh, NC 27601-2825(919) 715-1528(919) 715-4823 (FAX)fbradbur@dpi.state.nc.usAssociate EditorROSE SIMONDale H. Gramley LibrarySalem CollegeWinston-Salem, NC 27108(910) 917-5421simon@sisters.salem.eduAssociate EditorJOHN WELCHDivision of State Library109 East Jones StreetRaleigh, NC 27601-2807(919) 733-2570jwelch@hal.dcr.state.nc.usBook Review EditorDOROTHY DAVIS HODDERNew Hanover Co. Public Library201 Chestnut StreetWilmington, NC 28401(910) 341-4389dhodder@co.new-hanover.nc.usLagniappe/Bibliography CoordinatorPLUMMER ALSTON JONES, JR.Corriher-Linn-Black LibraryCatawba College2300 W. Innes StreetSalisbury, NC 28144(704) 637-4449pajones@catawba.eduIndexerMICHAEL COTTERJoyner LibraryEast Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC 27858-4353(919) 328-0237cottermi@mail.ecu.eduPoint/CounterPoint EditorHARRY TUCHMAYERNew Hanover Co. Public Library201 Chestnut StreetWilmington, NC 28401(910) 341-4036Advertising ManagerKEVIN CHERRYRowan Public LibraryP.O. Box 4039Salisbury, NC 28145-4039(704) 638-3021kcherry@ncsl.dcr.state.nc.usChildrenTs ServicesMELVIN K. BURTONPublic Library of Charlotte & MecklenburgNorth County Regional Library16500 Holly Crest LaneHuntersville, NC 28078(704) 895-8178mburton@plcmc.lib.nc.usCollege and UniversityARTEMIS KARESJoyner LibraryEast Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC 27858-4353(919) 328-6067karesa@mail.ecu.eduCommunity and Junior CollegeBARBARA MILLER MARSONPaul H. Thompson LibraryFayetteville Tech. Comm. CollegePO Box 35236Fayetteville, NC 28303(910) 678-8253DocumentsMICHAEL VAN FOSSENReference DocumentsDavis Library CB #3912University of North CarolinaChapel Hill, NC 27599(919) 962-1151vanfosen.davis@mhs.unc.eduLibrary Administration andManagement SectionJOLINE EZZELLPerkins LibraryDuke UniversityDurham, NC 27708-0175(919) 660-5925jre@mail.lib.duke.eduNew Members Round TableRHONDA HOLBROOKFlorence Elementary SchoolHigh Point, NC 27265(910) 819-2120N.C. Asso. of School LibrariansDIANE KESSLERDurham Public Schools808 Bacon St.Durham, NC 27703(919) 560-2360kesslerd@bacon.durham.k12.nc.usNorth Carolina LibraryParaprofessional AssociationMELANIE HORNECumberland Co. Public Library6882 Cliffdale RoadFayetteville, NC 28314(910) 864-5002Public Library SectionROSS HOLTRandolph Public Library201 Worth St.Asheboro, NC 27203(910) 318-6806rholt@ncsl.dcr.state.nc.usReference/Adult ServicesSUZANNE WISEBelk LibraryAppalachian State UniversityBoone, NC 28608(704) 262-2798wisems@appstate.eduResources and Technical ServicesPAGE LIFEDavis Library CB#3914UNC-Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC 27599-3914(919) 962-0153page_life@unc.eduRound Table for Ethnic Minority ConcernsJEAN WILLIAMSF.D. Bluford LibraryNC A &T State UniversityGreensboro, NC 27411(910) 334-7618williamj@athena.ncat.eduRound Table on Special CollectionsMEGAN MULDERWake Forest University LibraryPO Box 7777 Reynolda StationWinston-Salem, NC 27109-7777(910) 759-5091mulder@lib.wfu.eduRound Table on the Status of Womenin LibrarianshipJOAN SHERIFNorthwestern Regional Library111 North Front StreetElkin, NC 28621(910) 835-4894jsherif@ncsl.dcr.state.nc.usTechnology and TrendsDIANE KESTERLibrary Studies and Ed. TechnologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC 27858-4353(919) 328-4389Isddkest@eastnet.educ.ecu.eduWired to the World EditorRALPH LEE SCOTTJoyner LibraryEast Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC 27858-4353(919) 328-0235scottr@mail.ecu.eduTrusteesANNE B. WILGUSN.C. Wesleyan CollegeRocky Mount, NC 27804(919) 442-2662(919) 977-3701 (FAX)152 " Fall 1997North Carolina Libraries

A Feeling for BooksThe Book-of-the-Month Club, LiteraryTaste, and Middle-Class DesireJanice A. RadwayAn engaging look at the Book-of the-Month Club as a cultural institution and aprofound meditation on the love of books.oNow at last 1 know how the Book-of-the-Month Club works, and Radway is clearlythe best one to tell us. Good history, goodstory, good reading.�"Carolyn G.Heilbrun448 pp. $29.95 cl (0-8078-2357-0) OctWilliam FaulknerThe Making of a ModernistDaniel J. SingalPublished on the centennial of Faulkner'sbirth, this stunning intellectual biographyprovides a new understanding of thenovelist and his work.oA well-written, well-argued, originalapproach to FaulknerT life and work.�"Donald Kartiganer, coeditor ofFaulkner and the Artist376 pp. $29.95 cl (0-8078-2355-4)Fred W. Morrison Series in Southern StudiesPickettTs Charge in Historyand MemoryCarol ReardonA pathbreaking assessment of the mythsand facts surrounding the most famoussingle military event of the Civil War.oRiveting.�"Harry W. Pfanz, author ofGettysburg: The Second DayApprox. 328 pp., 23 illus. $29.95 cl(0-8078-2379-1) NovCivil War AmericaWar at Every DoorPartisan Politics and Guerrilla Violencein East Tennessee, 1860-1869Noel C. FisheroFisher shows how both Union and Con-federate partisan irregulars preyed on thecivilian population"and on each other"in wartime East Tennessee. [This book] isdestined to become a classic.�"Daniel W.Crofts, author of Reluctant Confederates264 pp. $29.95 cl (0-8078-2367-8) NovCivil War AmericaWhat Do We Need a Union For?The TWUA in the South, 1945-1955Timothy J. MinchinoBased on massive archival research andextensive interviews with union activistsand textile workers, [this book] bringspostwar southern textile workers to life asnever before.�"Robert Zieger, author ofThe CIO, 1935-1955296 pp. $45 cl (0-8078-2317-1),$16.95 pb (0-8078-4625-2)Fred W. Morrison Series in Southern StudiesDaybreak of FreedomThe Montgomery Bus BoycottStewart Burns, editorUsing more than 100 original documents, Burns presents agroundbreaking history of the pivotal civil rights protest.392 pp., 18 illus., 2 maps $45 cl (0-8078-2360-0),$17.95 pb (0-8078-4661-9) OctThe Robert E. Lee Family Cooking andHousekeeping BookAnne Carter ZimmeroI love this book! The great-granddaughter of Robert E. Lee,Anne Carter Zimmer has taken a faded little notebook full of Leefamily chat and recipes . . . and dished up an insider's glimpse ofthe great Confederate general ~at home.�"Jean Anderson,author of The American Century CookbookApprox. 296 pp., 62 x 8, 91 illus. $24.95 cl (0-8078-2369-4) NovA Garden of OneTs OwnWritings of Elizabeth LawrenceBarbara Scott and Bobby J. Ward, editorsoFor garden writing at its best, donTt miss [this] collection... . [A] posthumous tribute to one of the SouthTs most giftedlandscape architects and writers.T"Southern Living304 pp. $24.95 cl (0-8078-2349-X)Georgia BonesteelTs Patchwork PotpourriGeorgia BonesteelPopular public television program host and author GeorgiaBonesteel presents twenty new projects with step-by-stepinstructions, patterns, and tips.138 pp., 8% x 11, 36 color/196 b&w illus. $21.95 pb (0-8078-4660-0)Living with Spina BifidaA Guide for Families and ProfessionalsAdrian Sandler, M.D.o[An] ~all you really need to knowT road map for the develop-mental stages of a person born with spina bifida. I can anticipatethis book being used by parents, teachers, local physicians, andextended family members.�"Joanne Mackey, R.N., DukeUniversity Medical Center296 pp., 93 illus. $45 cl (0-8078-2352-X), $19.95 pb (0-8078-4657-0)Books from Chapel Hill, 1922-1997A Complete Catalog of Publications from theUniversity of North Carolina PressApprox. 446 pp. $40 cl (0-8078-2383-X),$19.95 pb (0-8078-4690-2) OctCALL FOR A FREE CATALOGINAInto the Sound CountryA CarolinianTs Coastal PlainBland SimpsonPhotography by Ann Cary SimpsonoPart history, part geography, and partmemoir, it has a satisfying feel"like thesound of familiar voices on the porch tellingold-time stories at twilight.�"PhilipGerard, author of Cape Fear RisingApprox. 288 pp., 7 x 10, 61 photos., 3 maps$34.95 cl (0-8078-2381-3),$19.95 pb (0-8078-4686-4) NovThe Nature of North CarolinaTsSouthern CoastBarrier Islands, Coastal Waters, andWetlandsDirk FrankenbergoMust reading if you want to understandour complex coastal ecosystem and helpkeep our coast healthy and productive forfuture generations.T"Todd Miller, Execu-tive Director, N.C. Coastal Federation272 pp.,6x 7%, 111 illus., 7 maps$17.95 pb (0-8078-4655-4)Field Guide to the PiedmontThe Natural Habitats of AmericaTs MostLived-in Region, from New York City toMontgomery, AlabamaMichael A. GodfreyGodfrey has revised and expanded hispopular guidebook, including more than100 new illustrations.536 pp., 4/2 x 8, 194 illus., 8 maps$19.95 pb (0-8078-4671-6) NovA Chapel Hill BookWeaving New WorldsSoutheastern Cherokee Women andTheir BasketrySarah H. HilloHills passion for knowing the heart andsoul of Cherokee women, their baskets, andtheir intertwined history is matched drama-tically by her capacious, keen scholarship.�"Rayna Green, Smithsonian Institution440 pp., 7 x 10, 110 illus., 5 maps$45 cl (0-8078-2345-7),$22.50 pb (0-8078-4650-3)Excavating Occaneechi TownArchaeology of an Eighteenth-CenturyIndian Village in North CarolinaA CD-ROM edited by R. P Stephen Davis Jr,Patrick Livingood, Trawick Ward, andVincas P. SteponaitisoAll of the detailed maps, photographs, andscholarly descriptions . . . are carefullylinked in a very accessible and engagingfabric of interpretation that provides a fas-cinating and comprehensive view of howarchaeologists piece together the way of lifeof an ancient Indian village.""Bruce SmithSmithsonian InstitutionCD-ROM with booklet (Approx. 8 pp.)$39.95 (0-8078-6503-6) Jan 1998T7 rs of publishing excellence, 1922-1997 THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESSChapel Hill * Phone (800) 848-6224, Fax (800) 272-6817 http://sunsite.unc.edu/uncpress/

Upcoming IssuesWinter 1997 Conference IssueSpring 1998 North Carolina Library Innovators:Lessons Learned from the PastPlummer Alston Jones, Jr. and Kevin Cherry, Guest EditorsSummer 1998 Legal ~LectronicsFall 1998 Advise and ConsultArtemis Kares, Guest EditorWinter 1998 ChildrenTs ServicesBeth Hutchison and Mel Burton, Guest EditorsUnsolicited articles dealing with the above themes or any issue of interest to North Carolinalibrarians are welcomed. Please contact the editor for manuscript guidelines and deadlines.North Carolina Libraries, published four times a year, is the official publication of the NorthCarolina Library Association. Membership dues include a subscription to North CarolinaLibraries. Membership information may be obtained from the Administrative Assistant ofNCLA. Subscription rates are $32.00 per year, or $10.00 per issue, for domesticsubscriptions; $50.00 per year, or $15.00 per issue, for foreign subscriptions. Backfiles aremaintained by the editor. Microfilm copies are available through University Microfilms.North Carolina Libraries is indexed by Library Literature and publishes its own annual index.Editorial correspondence should be addressed to the editor; advertisementcorrespondence should be addressed to the advertising manager. Articles are juried.