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        <p>North Carolina Libraries<lb /><lb />LIBRARY - PERIQBICALS<lb /><lb />change-resi stant EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY<lb />organization of them<lb />all is the North Carolina<lb />Library Association.<lb />It is our very own<lb /><lb />| immovable object.<lb /><lb />Ruth M. Katz, 1987<lb /><lb />(|<lb /><lb />�,�<lb /><lb />Spring 1987<lb /><lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0002" />
        <p>
          <lb />President<lb /><lb />PAULINE MYRICK<lb />Box 307<lb />Carthage, NC 28327<lb />(919) 947-2763<lb /><lb />First Vice-President/<lb /><lb />President-Elect<lb /><lb />PATSY J. HANSEL<lb />Cumberland County Public<lb /><lb />Library<lb /><lb />300 Maiden Lane<lb />Fayetteville, NC 28301<lb />(919) 483-1580<lb /><lb />Second Vice-President<lb />ROSE SIMON<lb />Dale H. Gramley Library<lb />Salem College<lb />Winston-Salem, NC 27108<lb />(919) 721-2649<lb /><lb />Secretary<lb />DOROTHY W. CAMPBELL<lb /><lb />School of Library and<lb />Information Science<lb /><lb />North Carolina Central<lb />University<lb /><lb />Durham, NC 27707<lb /><lb />(919) 683-6485<lb /><lb />Treasurer<lb /><lb />NANCY CLARK FOGARTY<lb />Jackson Library<lb />University of North Carolina<lb />Greensboro, NC 27412<lb />(919) 334-5419<lb /><lb />Director<lb />ARIAL A. STEPHENS<lb />Richard H. Thornton Library<lb />P.O. Box 339<lb />Oxford, NC 27565<lb />(919) 693-1121<lb /><lb />Director<lb />BENJAMIN F. SPELLER, JR.<lb />School of Library and<lb />Information Science<lb />North Carolina Central<lb />University<lb />Durham, NC 27707<lb />(919) 683-6485<lb /><lb />Past President<lb /><lb />LELAND M. PARK<lb />Library of Davidson College<lb />Davidson, NC 28036<lb />(704) 892-2000<lb /><lb />ALA Representative<lb />KIETH C. WRIGHT<lb />Dept. of Library Science and<lb />Educational Technology<lb />University of North Carolina-<lb />Greensboro<lb />Greensboro, NC 27412<lb />(919) 334-5100<lb /><lb />NCLA EXECUTIVE BOARD<lb /><lb />1985-1987<lb /><lb />SELA Representative<lb />JERRY THRASHER<lb />Cumberland County Public<lb />Library<lb />Fayetteville, NC 28302<lb />(919) 483-8600<lb /><lb />Editor, NORTH CAROLINA<lb />LIBRARIES<lb />FRANCES BRADBURN<lb />Gateway Plaza<lb />2431 Crabtree Boulevard<lb />Raleigh, NC 27604<lb />(919) 733-2864<lb /><lb />SECTION/ROUND TABLE CHAIRS<lb /><lb />ChildrenTs Services<lb />REBECCA TAYLOR<lb />New Hanover Co. Public<lb />Library<lb />201 Chestnut Street<lb />Wilmington, NC 28401<lb />(919) 763-3303<lb /><lb />College and University<lb />ELIZABETH H. SMITH<lb />Joyner Library<lb />East Carolina University<lb />Greenville, NC 27834<lb />(919) 757-6692<lb /><lb />Community and Junior College<lb />MARY AVERY<lb />Learning Resources<lb />Rowan Technical College<lb />P.O. Box 1595<lb />Salisbury, NC 28144<lb />(704) 637-0730<lb /><lb />Documents<lb />JANET M. ROWLAND<lb />Forsyth County Public<lb />Library<lb />660 West Fifth Street<lb />Winston-Salem, NC 27101<lb />(919) 727-2220<lb /><lb />Junior Members Roundtable<lb />STEPHANIE ISSETTE<lb />Atlantic Christian College<lb />Wilson, NC 27893<lb />(919) 237-3161<lb /><lb />N.C. Association of School<lb /><lb />Librarians<lb /><lb />HELEN TUGWELL<lb />North Central Regional<lb /><lb />Education Center<lb /><lb />P.O. Box 21889<lb />Greensboro, NC 27420<lb />(919) 334-5769<lb /><lb />Public Libraries<lb />NANCY MASSEY<lb />Hyconeechee Regional<lb />Library<lb />P.O. Drawer E<lb />Yanceyville, NC 27379<lb />(919) 694-6241<lb /><lb />Reference and Adult Services<lb />JEAN S. AMELANG<lb />New Hanover Co. Public<lb />Library<lb />201 Chestnut Street<lb />Wilmington, NC 28401<lb />(919) 395-0449<lb /><lb />Resources and Technical<lb />Services<lb />APRIL WREATH<lb />University of North Carolina<lb />Greensboro, NC 27412<lb />(919) 379-5781<lb /><lb />Round Table for Ethnic<lb /><lb />Minority Concerns<lb /><lb />SYLVIA SPRINKLE-HAMLIN<lb />Forsyth County Public<lb /><lb />Library<lb /><lb />660 W. Fifth Street<lb />Winston-Salem, NC 27101<lb />(919) 727-2556<lb /><lb />Round Table on the Status of<lb />Women in Librarianship<lb />MARY McAFEE<lb />Forsyth County Public<lb />Library<lb />660 W. Fifth Street<lb />Winston-Salem, NC 27101<lb />(919) 727-2264<lb /><lb />Trustees<lb /><lb />J. A. oJAKE� KILLIAN<lb />P.O. Box 143<lb />Peachland, NC 28133<lb />(704) 272-8375<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0003" />
        <p>Adams Primary School, Wilson. Pic. 78<lb /><lb />American Association of School<lb />Librarians.<lb /><lb />Access to resources and services in the<lb />school library media program: An<lb />interpretation of the Library Bill of<lb />Rights. 143<lb /><lb />American Library Association.<lb /><lb />Confidentiality of library records in<lb />school library media centers: An<lb />explanation of confidentiality of<lb />library records statutes and American<lb />Library Association policy. 142<lb /><lb />Intellectual Freedom Committee.<lb />Suggested procedures for<lb />implementing policy on confidentiality<lb />of library records. 128<lb /><lb />Library Bill of Rights. 114<lb /><lb />Midwinter meeting ALA Council report.<lb />1/24/87. 48<lb /><lb />Angelou, Maya. Delivers opening address<lb />of 1987 Biennial Conference. pic. 176<lb />To speak at NCLA Biennial<lb />Conference. pic. 38<lb /><lb />Anno, Mitsumasa. Creates poster for<lb />ChildrenTs Book Council. pic. 205<lb /><lb />Anspaugh, Sheryl, and Lubans, John Jr.<lb />Management teaching: Its theory and<lb />Practice. 64-66<lb /><lb />Anthony, Robert, comp. New North<lb />Carolina books. 219-224<lb /><lb />Baker, Sharon L. How should we train<lb />adult services professionals for public<lb />library work? 76-78<lb /><lb />Ballentine, Rebecca. See Book Reviews<lb />(Walser).<lb /><lb />Barefoot, Martha Bagby. Legislative<lb />efforts in North Carolina for women<lb />and minorities. 7-9<lb /><lb />Beagle, Don. Receives RTSS Doralyn<lb />Hickey Best Article award. pic. 174<lb /><lb />Bearwald, Mark, pic. 175<lb /><lb />Bell, Mertys W. Receives NCLA Life<lb />Membership. pic. 170<lb /><lb />Bibliographies.<lb /><lb />P woe issue for librarians. 10-<lb /><lb />Book Reviews.<lb />Allcott, John V. The campus at Chapel<lb />Hill: Two hundred years of<lb /><lb />architecture. Reviewed by Jerry C.<lb />Cashion. 97<lb /><lb />Banner, Leslie. A passionate preference.<lb />The story of the North Carolina School<lb /><lb />Index to<lb /><lb />North Carolina Libraries<lb /><lb />Volume 45, 1987<lb />Compiled by Gene Leonardi<lb /><lb />of the Arts. Reviewed by Elizabeth<lb />Bramm Dunn 156-157<lb /><lb />Black, Earl, and Black, Merle. Politics<lb />and society in the South. Reviewed by<lb />Michael Hill. 223-224<lb /><lb />Byerly, Victoria. Hard times cotton mill<lb />girls: personal histories of womanhood<lb />and poverty in the South. Reviewed by<lb />Eileen McGrath, 158-159<lb /><lb />Chappell, Fred. The Fred Chappell<lb />reader. Reviewed by Anna Donnally.<lb />154<lb /><lb />Claiborne, Jack. The Charlotte Observer:<lb />Its time and place, 1869-1986.<lb />Reviewed by Harry W. McKown. 96-97<lb /><lb />Couch, Ernie, and Couch, Jill. North<lb />Carolina trivia. Reviewed by Maurice<lb />C. York. 97<lb /><lb />Crutchfield, James A., ed. The North<lb />Carolina almanac and book of facts.<lb />Reviewed by Maurice C. York. 97<lb /><lb />Donald, David Herbert. Look homeward:<lb />A life of Thomas Wolfe. Reviewed by<lb />Joseph M. Flora. 95-96<lb /><lb />Edgerton, Clyde. Walking across Egypt.<lb />Reviewed by Julie Coleman. 222<lb /><lb />Flynt, Candace. Mother love. Reviewed<lb />by Gloria Colvin. 220-221<lb /><lb />Furgurson, Ernest B. Hard right: The rise<lb />of Jesse Helms. Reviewed by Michael<lb />Hill. 40<lb /><lb />Gibbons, Kaye. Ellen Foster. Reviewed by<lb />Margaretta Yarborough. 159-160<lb /><lb />Gingher, Marianne. Bobby RexTs greatest<lb />hit. Reviewed by Julie W. Coleman. 41-<lb />42<lb /><lb />Hairston, Peter W. The Cooleemee<lb />Plantation and its people. Reviewed by<lb />James O. Sorrell. 221-222<lb /><lb />Hallowell, Barbara G. Cabin, A mountain<lb />adventure. Reviewed by David C.<lb />Taylor. 220<lb /><lb />Hoffman, Paul E. Spain and the Roanoke<lb />voyages. 224<lb /><lb />Holloway, Betsy. Heaven for beginners:<lb />Recollections of a Southern town.<lb />Reviewed by Sue Lithgo. 157-158<lb /><lb />Humber, John L. Backgrounds and<lb />preparations for the Roanoke voyages,<lb />1584-1590. 224<lb /><lb />McCorkle, Jill. Tending to Virginia.<lb />Reviewed by Rex E. Klett. 219-220<lb /><lb />Moore, Bill. Two on the square, Reviewed<lb />by Elizabeth White. 155-156<lb /><lb />Newton, Suzanne. A place between.<lb />Reviewed by Diane Kessler. 42-43<lb /><lb />Randall, John D. The Hatterask incident.<lb />Reviewed by Nancy Lee Shires. 154-<lb />155<lb /><lb />Roe, Charles E. A directory to North<lb />CarolinaTs natural areas. 224<lb /><lb />Russell, Anne, Megivern, Marjorie, and<lb />Coughlin, Kevin. North Carolina<lb />portraits of faith: A pictorial history of<lb />religions. Reviewed by Walter Alan<lb />Tuttle. 40-41<lb /><lb />Society of American Archivists. Archival<lb />and manuscript repositories in North<lb />Carolina: A directory. 224<lb /><lb />Spignesi, Stephen J. Mayberry, My<lb />hometown: The ultimate guidebook to<lb />AmericaTs favorite TV small town. 224<lb /><lb />Stumpf, Vernon O. Josiah Martin, The<lb />last royal governor of North Carolina.<lb />Reviewed by William S. Powell. 42<lb /><lb />Walser, Richard, and Malone, E.T.Jr.<lb />Literary North Carolina: A historical<lb />survey, revised and enlarged. Reviewed<lb />by Rebecca Ballentine. 43-44<lb /><lb />Webb, Mena. Jule Carr: General without<lb />an army. Reviewed by Gary Freeze. 158<lb /><lb />Zug, Charles G. III. Turners and burners:<lb />The folk potters of North Carolina.<lb />Reviewed by Anna Dvorak. 222-223<lb /><lb />Bracy Pauletta B. See Miller, Marilyn L.<lb /><lb />Bradburn, Frances B. From the Editor. 3<lb /><lb />Burgin, Robert. See, Speller, Benjamin F.<lb />Jr.<lb /><lb />Cameron, Annette. pic. 78<lb /><lb />Cashion, Jerry C. See Book Reviews<lb />(Allcott).<lb /><lb />Charlotte-Mecklenburg County Public<lb />Library. Wins SELA 1984-86<lb />Outstanding Library Program Award<lb />competition. 16<lb /><lb />Chen, Ching-chih. Libraries in the new<lb />information age. 186-193. pic. 186<lb /><lb />ChildrenTs Book Council. Offers reading<lb />encouragement poster series. pics. 6,<lb />20. Offers National ChildrenTs Book<lb />Week poster and information. 113,<lb />126, 135, 141<lb /><lb />CHURCH AND SYNAGOGUE LIBRARY<lb />ASSOCIATION. North Carolina<lb />Chapter offers membership<lb />information. 135<lb /><lb />Clark, Betty S. Receives NCLA and SIRS<lb />Intellectual Freedom awards. pic. 175<lb /><lb />Coleman, Julie W. See Book Reviews<lb />(Edgerton) (Gingher).<lb /><lb />Colvin, Gloria. See Book Reviews (Flynt).<lb /><lb />Cotten, Alice R., comp. New North Caro-<lb />lina books. 40-44, 95-97, 154-160<lb /><lb />Davalos, Felipe. Creates poster for<lb />ChildrenTs Book Council. pic. 205<lb /><lb />Winter 1987"235<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0004" />
        <p>Index<lb /><lb />Davis, Martha. Receives NCLA Life<lb />Membership. pic. 170<lb /><lb />Deaths.<lb />Hickey, Doralyn. obit., 174<lb />Johnson, Leonard. obit., 173<lb /><lb />Donnally, Anna. See Book Reviews<lb />(Chappell).<lb /><lb />Dorsey, Patric G. Receives NCLA<lb />Honorary Membership. pic. 170-171<lb /><lb />Dunn, Eliazbeth Bramm. See Book<lb />Reviews (Banner).<lb /><lb />Dvorak, Anna. See Book Reviews (Zug).<lb /><lb />Flake, Donna. Online searching with a<lb />microcomputer. 87-93<lb /><lb />Flora, Joseph M. See Book Reviews<lb />(Donald).<lb /><lb />Flowers, Janet L. Starting a<lb />church/synagogue library: A checklist.<lb />216-218<lb /><lb />Forsyth County Public Library, Winston-<lb />Salem. pic. 201<lb /><lb />Freeze, Gary. See Book Reviews (Webb).<lb /><lb />Friday, William C. Receives NCLA<lb />Honorary Membership. pic. 171<lb /><lb />Gaddis, Dale W. The female public library<lb />director and her governing board. 27-<lb />30. Receives NCLA and SIRS<lb />Intellectual Freedom awards. pic. 175<lb /><lb />Gilster, Paul. New network connects<lb />businesses with state libraries. 148-149<lb /><lb />Goodman, Fred E. Goodbye, patrons ...<lb />Hello, customers. 206-209<lb /><lb />Govern, James J. Survey of North Caro-<lb />lina public library use statistics, 1983-<lb />84, 31-35<lb /><lb />Hansel, Patsy J. From the President. 168-<lb />169. pic. 177. Wins Ray Moore award.<lb />174<lb /><lb />Hickey, Doralyn J. RTSS oBest Article�<lb />award named in honor. obit., 174<lb /><lb />Hill, Michael. See Book Reviews (Black),<lb />(Furgurson).<lb /><lb />Hodges, Gerald G. Interpreting the<lb />Library Bill of Rights for elementary<lb />and secondary schools. 144-147<lb /><lb />Hopkins, Lee Bennett. An author looks<lb />at censorship. 133-135<lb /><lb />Johnson, Leonard. obit., 173<lb /><lb />Jones, John W. Letters to the Editor. 52-<lb />53<lb /><lb />Justice, Ila Taylor. Receives NCLA Life<lb />Membership. pic. 171<lb /><lb />Katz, Ruth M. New opportunities, new<lb />choices: Some observations about<lb />libraries in North Carolina. 21-26<lb /><lb />Kessler, Diane. See Book Reviews<lb />(Newton).<lb /><lb />Klett, Rex L. See Book Reviews<lb />(McCorkle).<lb /><lb />Krug, Judith F. Intellectual freedom in<lb />the 1980s. 118-120<lb /><lb />236"Winter 1987<lb /><lb />Lanier, Gene D. Intellectual freedom"<lb />That neglected topic. An introduction.<lb />115-117. pic. 175<lb /><lb />Leonardi, Gene. pic. 174<lb /><lb />Lesko, Matthew. New frontiers for<lb />information sources and information<lb />gathering. 202-205. pic. 202<lb /><lb />Letters to the Editor. 52-54, 169<lb /><lb />oLibraries: Spread the news.� NCLA<lb />Biennial Conference. Preliminary<lb />program. 98-100. To be held in<lb />Winston-Salem. 38-39<lb /><lb />Lindsey, Marjorie Wilkins. Author of<lb />article on proposed State Documents<lb />Depository System. 9. Letters to the<lb />Editor. 53-54. Receives NCLA Life<lb />Membership. pic. 171-172<lb /><lb />Lithgo, Sue. See Book Reviews<lb />(Holloway).<lb /><lb />Long, Sarah P. The effect of face-front<lb />book display in a public library. 150-<lb />153<lb /><lb />Lubans, John Jr. See Anspaugh, Sheryl.<lb /><lb />McDonald, Frances M. Intellectual<lb />freedom policies and current school<lb />practices. 137-142<lb /><lb />McGinn, Howard. Receives Ray Moore<lb />award. 174<lb /><lb />McGrath, Eileen. See Book Reviews<lb />(Byerly).<lb /><lb />McKown, Harry W. See Book Reviews<lb />(Claiborne).<lb /><lb />Miller, Marilyn E. Interlibrary loan in the<lb />North Carolina Information Network:<lb />the impact of oselective users� on a<lb />net-lender university library. 210-215<lb /><lb />Miller, Marilyn L., and Bracy, Pauletta B.<lb />Library education for childrenTs<lb />services in North Carolina. 73-75<lb /><lb />Myrick, Pauline F. From the President, 3-<lb />4, 50-51, 112-113. pic. 177<lb /><lb />New Public library standards for North<lb />Carolina, an introduction. 106-107<lb /><lb />Nichols, Elizabeth Dickinson. The impact<lb />of library automation"A public<lb />librarianTs perspective. 194-201. pic.<lb />194<lb /><lb />North Carolina Library Association.<lb /><lb />Archives Committee.<lb />Requests association official records.<lb />215<lb /><lb />North Carolina General Assembly.<lb />House Bill 724. An act relating to<lb /><lb />confidentiality of library user records.<lb />128<lb /><lb />Biennial Conference, 1987.<lb />Awards and resolutions. 170-176<lb />Conference Committee. pic. 177<lb />Conference information. 38-39<lb />Conference preliminary program. 98-<lb />100<lb />Meeting reports. 225-226<lb />Table Talks. pic. 212<lb />Vendor exhibits. pic. 184<lb /><lb />College and University Section.<lb />Biennial Conference program. 226<lb />Committee Chairmen, 1987-1989. 233-<lb /><lb />234<lb />Constitution and Bylaws. 229-231<lb />Documents Section.<lb />Biennial Conference program. 225<lb />Depository System Committee helps to<lb />pass North Carolina state agencies<lb />depository law. 147<lb />Executive Board, 1985-1987. pic. 175<lb />Executive Board, 1987-1989. 232-233<lb />Executive Board. Minutes.<lb />10/22/86. 45-47<lb />2/6/87. 103-105<lb />4/24/87. 161-162<lb />4/25/87. 162-163<lb />7/24/87. 227-228<lb />Junior Members Round Table.<lb />Biennial Conference program. 225-226<lb />North Carolina Association of School<lb />Librarians.<lb />Videotape of Richard PeckTs<lb />convention address available. 26<lb />Public Library Section.<lb />New public library standards for<lb />North Carolina, an introduction. 106-<lb />107<lb />Reference and Adult Services Section.<lb />Biennial Conference program. 226<lb />Resources and Technical Services<lb />Section.<lb />Biennial Conference grant available.<lb />16<lb />Names oBest Article� award in honor<lb />of Doralyn J. Hickey. 174<lb />Round Table on Ethnic Minority<lb />Concerns.<lb />Biennial Conference program. 225<lb /><lb />North Carolina State Library<lb />Commission.<lb />Appointees and NCLA representatives.<lb />234<lb /><lb />Over to you: Letters to the Editor. 52-54,<lb />169<lb /><lb />Parrish, Nancy B. Pay equity"An issue<lb />for librarians. A summary and selected<lb />bibliography. 10-16<lb /><lb />Paynter, David M. Letters to the Editor.<lb />53<lb /><lb />Pearl, Patricia D. Letters to the Editor.<lb />169<lb /><lb />Peck, Richard. Addresses NCASL<lb />convention. pic. 26<lb /><lb />Phillips, Craig. Receives NCLA Honorary<lb />Membership. pic. 172<lb /><lb />Pittman, Pamela. pic. 209<lb /><lb />Powell, William S. See Book Reviews<lb />(Stumpf)<lb /><lb />Prelutsky, Jack. Speaks to NCLA<lb />ChildrenTs Services Section. pic. 199<lb /><lb />Query, Eunice. See Johnson, Leonard,<lb />obit.<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0005" />
        <p>Sanders, F. David. Humanism vs. its<lb />detractors. 121-127<lb /><lb />Saye, Jerry D. The organization of<lb />information curricula. 58-62<lb /><lb />Schmidt. C. James. Intellectual freedom<lb />and technology: Deja vu? 129-130<lb /><lb />Shearer, Kenneth D. Getting our ducks<lb />in a row: Research and North<lb />CarolinaTs libraries. 67-69<lb /><lb />Shires, Nancy Lee. See Book Reviews<lb />(Randall).<lb /><lb />| Simon, Rose. Computer tells books where<lb />to go: A BASIC program for shifting<lb />collections. 36-37<lb /><lb />Simont, Marc. Poster for 1987 Natioal<lb />ChildrenTs Book Week. pic. 135<lb /><lb />Smith, Duncan. The limits of library<lb />school: A North Carolina<lb />reconciliation. 83-85<lb /><lb />Sorrell, James O. See Book Reviews<lb />(Hairston).<lb /><lb />Southeastern Library Association.<lb />Nomination form for 1988 Rothrock<lb />award. 132<lb /><lb />1. The index is alphabetized letter by letter.<lb />2. Articles are indexed by the first-named author, with cross references<lb /><lb />when they have no author.<lb /><lb />3. Book reviews are listed alphabetically under the heading<lb /><lb />Speller, Benjamin F. Jr., Educating North<lb />Carolina librarians and information<lb />professionals: An introduction. 55-57<lb /><lb />Speller, Benjamin F. Jr., and Burgin,<lb />Robert. Library education in a<lb />telecommunications environment: A<lb />North Carolina perspective. 70-72<lb /><lb />Sprinkle-Hamlin, Sylvia, and Worrell,<lb />Myra K. Are ethnic minority public<lb />librarians becoming an endangered<lb />species? A look at fourteen public<lb />library systems in North Carolina. 18-<lb />20<lb /><lb />Stewart, Alva. Letters to the Editor. 54<lb /><lb />Suggs, Bill. pic. 201<lb /><lb />Summers, F. William. Libraries and the<lb />Constitution. 178-184. pic. 178<lb /><lb />Tafuri, Nancy. Streamers for 1987<lb />National ChildrenTs Book Week. pic.<lb />141<lb /><lb />Taylor, David C. See Book Reviews<lb />(Hallowell)<lb /><lb />Thrasher, Jerry A. Letters to the Editor.<lb />53<lb /><lb />Trillin, Calvin. Addresses NCLA 1987<lb />Biennial Conference. pic. 176<lb /><lb />Guidelines for Using the Index<lb />To<lb />North Carolina Libraries<lb /><lb />Index<lb /><lb />Tucker, Mae Suellen. Receives NCLA Life<lb />Membership. pic. 172<lb /><lb />Tuttle, Walter Alan. See Book Reviews<lb />(Russell).<lb /><lb />Weldon, Jean. Introduction. 5-6<lb /><lb />Westbrooks, Allegra Marie. Receives<lb />NCLA Life Membership. 172-173<lb /><lb />White, Elizabeth. See Book Reviews<lb />(Moore).<lb /><lb />Worrell, Myra K. See Sprinkle-Hamlin,<lb />Sylvia.<lb /><lb />Wright, Kieth C. Educating librarians<lb />about service to special groups: The<lb />emergence of disabled persons into<lb />the mainstream. 79-82<lb /><lb />Yarborough, Margaretta. See Book<lb />Reviews (Gibbons).<lb /><lb />York, Maurice C. See Book Reviews<lb />(Couch), (Crutchfield).<lb /><lb />Youmans, Mary. pic. 209<lb /><lb />Zelinsky, Paul O. Designs Change Your<lb />Mind frieze for 1987 National<lb />ChildrenTs Book Week. pic. 126<lb /><lb />Names beginning with oMc� and oMac� precede all other entries under the letter oM.�<lb />from co-authors up to the number of two. Titles are indexed only<lb /><lb />Book Reviews by the author of the book being reviewed. ReviewersT names<lb /><lb />follow each book title, preceded by the phrase oRev. by.� Each reviewer's name is also listed separately, with a cross reference to Book<lb /><lb />Reviews, followed by the name of the aut!<lb />4. Bibliographies are arranged alphabetic<lb /><lb />hor of the book in parentheses.<lb />ally by title under the heading Bibliographies, with separate author entries.<lb /><lb />5, Editorials are arranged alphabetically by title under the heading Editorials, with a cross reference from the name of the editor.<lb />6. Death and memorial notices are listed alphabetically under the heading Deaths, with a separate entry under the name of the<lb /><lb />deceased.<lb /><lb />7. Alllibrary organizations are entered under their full names. Material on the substructures of these organizations, such as committees,<lb /><lb />round tables, etc., is listed alphabetically under the organization name. (F\<lb /><lb />committees, and round tables of NCLA, see North Carolina Library Association.)<lb />8. All acronyms are filed in alphabetical order, not at the beginning of each letter.<lb /><lb />9. Public libraries are entered under the proper name of the library,<lb /><lb />~or example, for material on the activities, officers, reports,<lb /><lb />not of the city (e.g. Davidson County Public Library, Lexington).<lb /><lb />10. All other libraries are entered under the name of the parent institution, if appropriate, or under their own names (e.g. North<lb /><lb />Carolina State University, D.H. Hill Library).<lb /><lb />11. Reprints of speeches are entered with no designation that they have previously been presented to the public. However, abbreviated<lb />summaries of speeches have the designation (Report of Speech).<lb />12. Reports of papers not printed in full are designated (Paper).<lb /><lb />13. The abbreviations opic.,� oobit.,� obibl.� and ocomp.,� are used to identify pictures, obitu:<lb /><lb />aries, bibliographies, and compilers.<lb /><lb />|<lb />(<lb /><lb />Winter 1987"237<lb /></p>
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        <p>
          <lb />
          <lb />INFO FO GO<lb /><lb />WET VE @OT<lb /><lb />IN FE OC vibe iee<lb /><lb />TAKE? AN<lb /><lb />238"Winter 1987<lb /></p>
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        <p>th cAIOINO<lb />(OIES<lb /><lb />TABLE OF CONTENTS<lb /><lb />THEME ARTICLES<lb /><lb /><lb /><lb />ISSN 0029-2540<lb /><lb />5 Introduction, Jean Weldon<lb /><lb />7 Legislative Efforts in North Carolina for Women and<lb />Minorities, Martha B. Barefoot<lb /><lb />10 Pay Equity: An Issue for Librarians. A Summary and<lb />Selected Bibliography, Nancy B. Parrish<lb /><lb />18 Are Ethnic Minority Public Librarians Becoming an<lb />Endangered Species?, Sylvia Sprinkle-Hamlin and<lb />Myra K. Worrell<lb /><lb />21 New Opportunities, New Choices: Some Observations<lb />About Libraries in North Carolina, Ruth M. Katz<lb /><lb />27 The Female Library Director and her Governing Board,<lb />Dale W. Gaddis<lb /><lb />ARTICLE<lb /><lb />31 Survey of North Carolina Public Library Use Statistics,<lb />1983-1984, James J. Govern<lb /><lb />36 Computer Tells Books Where to Go: A BASIC Program for<lb />Shifting Collections, Rose Simon<lb /><lb />FEATURES<lb />3 From the Editor<lb />3 From the President<lb /><lb />38 oLibraries: Spread the News�: 1987 Conference to be Held<lb />in Winston-Salem.<lb /><lb />40 New North Carolina Books<lb />45 NCLA Minutes<lb />48 ALA Midwinter Report<lb /><lb />Cover: Ruth M. Katz, oNew Opportunities, New Choices: Some Advertisers: Baker and Taylor, 2; Ebsco, 4; H. W. Wilson, 17.<lb />Observations about Libraries in North Carolina�, North Carolina<lb />Libraries 45 (Spring, 1987): 25.<lb /><lb />Volume 45, Number 1 Spring 1987<lb /></p>
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          <lb />Something new is popping up in bookstores and libraries<lb />across the country " VIDEO. And now, you can have a<lb />front row seat for the greatest selection of video in town.<lb /><lb />ABAKER &amp; TAYLOR AND SOUND VIDEO<lb />UNLIMITED PRODUCTION.<lb /><lb />Baker &amp; Taylor's acquisition of Sound Video Unlimited, one<lb />of the nationTs biggest suppliers of video cassettes and<lb />audio products, gives our customers a double feature of<lb /><lb />efficiency and economy with access to an expansive inven-<lb /><lb />tory of video cassettes.<lb /><lb />ACAST OF THOUSANDS.<lb /><lb />Sharing the top billing in this video extravaganza are new<lb />and classic videos from all major studios including feature<lb />films, childrenTs materials, instructional how-tos, and<lb />Sound Video Unlimited sports and special subject exclu-<lb />sives. In the supporting cast are music audio cassettes,<lb /><lb />records, and compact discs.<lb /><lb />EASTERN DIVISION, 50 Kirby Avenue, Somerville, NJ 08876, (201) 722-8000, Customer Service, toll-free: 800-526-3811,<lb />800-352-4841 (In NJ) MIDWESTERN DIVISION, 501 South Gladiolus Street, Momence, IL 60954, (815) 472-2444,<lb />Customer Service, toll-free: 800-435-1845, 800-892-1879 (In IL) SOUTHERN DIVISION, Mt. Olive Road, Commerce, GA<lb />30599, (404) 335-5000, Customer Service, toll-free: 800-241-6000, 800-282-6850 (InGa) WESTERN DIVISION,<lb /><lb />you oughta<lb /><lb />be in<lb /><lb />pictures.<lb /><lb />Baker &amp; Taylor Makes It Easy With<lb />A Full Line Of Video Cassettes.<lb /><lb />NOW OPENING AT EIGHT LOCATIONS.<lb /><lb />With eight distribution centers, located in Somerville (New<lb />Jersey), Commerce (Georgia), Portland (Oregon), Hollywood<lb />(Florida), Niles (llinois), Phoenix, Denver, and Los Angeles,<lb />you'll never have to wait in line at the box office.<lb /><lb />State-of-the-art order and shipping technology lets Sound<lb /><lb />Video Unlimited ship your mail or toll-free phone orders<lb /><lb />within 24 hours. And, if you place your telephone order<lb /><lb />before 1:30pm, it will be shipped that same day. /<lb /><lb />FEATURE PRESENTATION.<lb /><lb />A catalog especially designed for libraries and bookstores<lb />was recently released in your location. If you've not<lb />received a copy, just call the Sales Department of the<lb />Baker &amp; Taylor division nearest you. We'll rush a video Cata-<lb />log and additional information about our program to you.<lb /><lb />With Baker &amp; Taylor, your patrons and customers will<lb />applaud your performance. (<lb /><lb />BAKER &amp; TAYLOR<lb /><lb />a GRACE company<lb /><lb />380 Edison Way, Reno, NV 89564, (702) 786-6700, Customer Service, toll-free 800-648-3944, (702) 786-6700,<lb /><lb />(In NV, call collect)<lb /><lb />2"Spring 1987<lb /></p>
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          <lb />Exalting Learning<lb />and Libraries<lb /><lb />NORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION<lb /><lb />From The Editor<lb /><lb />North Carolina Libraries invites your<lb />comments. Yes, the Editorial Board of North<lb />Carolina Libraries is requesting and encour-<lb />aging your response to articles appearing in<lb />this journal or to specific concerns of North<lb />Carolina librarians. In order to make this<lb />Possible, we will inaugurate with the Summer<lb />1987 issue a column entitled Over to You.<lb />This will be a letter-to-the-editor type for-<lb />Mat. Please address and sign with your name<lb />and position all correspondence to: Frances<lb /><lb />B. Bradburn, Editor, North Carolina Librar-<lb />tes, 2431 Crabtree Boulevard, Raleigh, N.C.<lb />27604. We reserve the right to edit all letters<lb />for length and clarity. Whenever time per-<lb />mits, persons most closely related to the<lb />issue under discussion will be given an<lb />opportunity to respond to points made in<lb />the letter. Deadline dates will be the copy<lb />deadlines for the journal: February 10, May<lb />10, August 10, and November 10.<lb /><lb />We hope that you will participate in and<lb />enjoy this new forum for ideas and concerns.<lb />Frances B. Bradburn, Editor rl<lb /><lb />Leesa aaaaaaaaaaaaaacaaaaaaaaaaaaal<lb /><lb />From the President<lb /><lb />Our forty-seventh biennium of the North<lb />Carolina Library Association is rapidly moving<lb />towards the close of the two years, 1985-1987. So<lb />Many fine things continue happening to exalt<lb />learning and libraries and many exciting activities<lb />are being planned in the sections and committees<lb />to see that it happens.<lb /><lb />Governmental Relations Chair Bill Bridgman<lb />and his committee are busy planning for the thir-<lb />teenth National Legislative Day in Washington on<lb />April 7 as well as for frequent contacts with our<lb />representatives in Raleigh. With many new mem-<lb />bers in our national and local legislative represen-<lb />tation, it becomes evident that we must provide<lb />them with objective facts, timely information and<lb />Creative ideas needed for making intelligent deci-<lb />Slons. These and all members must be informed of<lb />the positive effects of federal legislation at the<lb />8rassroots levels. They need to know the impact of<lb />the legislation on what happens to the users. Is<lb />there documented evidence available of the posi-<lb />tive impact on the users and their learning? The<lb />People who create and fund library programs are<lb />Concerned that what they do is making a differ-<lb />�,�nce for the folks and voters back home. We must<lb />tell them about what is happening. Keep in touch<lb />with your section chair and/or Bill Bridgman.<lb />Share pertinent information and the good news<lb />with them very soon.<lb /><lb />According to Archives Chair Maury York, the<lb />committee has completed an inventory of the<lb />NCLA records housed at the State Library. They<lb />are now in the process of deciding how these<lb />records should be weeded, organized and stored<lb />in the recently purchased acid-free folders and<lb />document cases. It is their plan to turn over the<lb />records now in the State Library to State Archives<lb />in 1987. They will then be free to perfect a reten-<lb />tion-disposition schedule for current records.<lb /><lb />From the Intellectual Freedom Chair Gene<lb />Lanier and committee comes the news that, while<lb />committee members could cite a few encouraging<lb />efforts in dealing with controversies, they agreed<lb />that the bulk of the activity during the previous<lb />months has been in favor of restricted access and<lb />limited individual choice. During the December 5<lb />committee meeting a longtime friend of intellec-<lb />tual freedom and of libraries in particular, Repre-<lb />sentative George Miller shared his thoughts with<lb />them about the 1987 climate in Raleigh. He indi-<lb />cated that there would probably be little direct<lb />action on the First Amendment issues during the<lb />coming session but warned that those groups<lb />recently concerned with the obscenity legislation<lb />might well turn their attention to the public<lb />schools. Be prepared to deal with challenges<lb />should the need arise.<lb /><lb />In another legislative matter, the Documents<lb />Section is asking for a collaborative effort to oPut<lb />the Public Into State Publications.� Following up<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"3<lb /></p>
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        <p>on its belief that, in the words of Justice Hugo<lb />Black, oThe effective functioning of a free govern-<lb />ment like ours depends largely on the force of an<lb />informed public opinion,� the North Carolina<lb />Documents Depository Chair Pat Langelier and<lb />her committee have put together a plan urging<lb />legislative support of a bill that will improve the<lb />flow of information from state agencies to the<lb />citizens of North Carolina. Our NCLA, the Ameri-<lb />can Library Association and other public interest<lb />groups have expressed their support. For the bill<lb />to pass your support is necessary. Write your<lb />Senator and Representative, voice your concern<lb />and explain how you believe the bill will affect<lb />you. For more information read Marjorie W. Lind-<lb />seyTs article published in Popular Government<lb />(Fall 1986) entitled, oState Documents: Proposed<lb />Statewide Depository System.�<lb /><lb />Plans are well underway for the NCLA fall<lb />conference in Winston-Salem. Patsy Hansel, Presi-<lb />dent Elect and Chair of the Conference is hard at<lb />work with her committee and promises us that<lb />this one will be the best ever. Sections are firming<lb />up their plans for meetings and exhibitors are<lb />being contacted. General session speakers will<lb />soon be announced. Of special interest to all is a<lb />session sponsored by the Round Table on Ethnic<lb />Minority Affairs, the Public Library Section and<lb />the Round Table on the Status of Women in<lb />Librarianship. You will not want to miss this ses-<lb />sion nor the speaker, Maya Angelou, one of the<lb />foremost contemporary black authors. She is best<lb />known for her autobiographical best-seller, J<lb />Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.<lb /><lb />Make your plans now to attend the entire<lb />Biennial Conference, October 28-30, 1987, Win-<lb />ston-Salem. If you need help to pay fees and<lb />expenses for speakers for programs at the<lb />October T87 Conference, LSCA Continuing Educa-<lb />tion Grants will be available for sections, commit-<lb />tees or roundtables of NCLA. Contact Jean Welch<lb />or Audrey Pines at the State Library, 109 East<lb />Jones Street, Raleigh, NC 27611 (919/733-2570) if<lb />you have questions. The deadline for grant appli-<lb />cations is April 30.<lb /><lb />Our January 23 NCLA Executive Board Meet-<lb />ing became the February 6 meeting due to the<lb />abundant snow along I-85 and West. As your sec-<lb />tion chairs reported, it became evident that your<lb />representatives are giving careful, diligent and<lb />serious thought to the Futures Committee Report.<lb />There is concern that everyone should have an<lb />opportunity for input if desired. We urge you to<lb />speak through your section chair or directly to<lb />the NCLA President. It is obvious that we must<lb />find answers to many questions that surfaced<lb /><lb />4"Spring 1987<lb /><lb />during our deliberations. We want you to have<lb />plenty of thinking time before any final decisions<lb />are made. This is your organization and you need<lb />to decide its future. Please give it your best<lb />thoughts.<lb /><lb />Deliberations will continue at the Spring<lb />Workshop, April 24-25 at Greensboro College. The<lb />Executive Board will hold its business meeting on<lb />April 24, 7:00 - 9:00 p.m. and a called meeting to<lb />discuss your input and to clarify the recommen-<lb />dations will begin the next morning, April 25. Six<lb />of your elected officers will lead the discussion of<lb />each recommendation. They are: (1) Establish-<lb />ment of Association Goals, Dr. Ben Speller; (2)<lb />Employment of a Management Firm, Nancy Clark<lb />Fogarty; (3) Structure of NCLA, Jerry Thrasher;<lb />(4) Establishment of Publications Committee,<lb />Arial Stephens; (5) Changes in Dues, Dr. Rose<lb />Simon; and (6) Change to Annual Elections and<lb />Annual Conferences, Dr. Kieth Wright.<lb /><lb />The day of April 25 will also be an important<lb />time for committees to meet and make plans for<lb />the October conference and other activities dur-<lb />ing the next several months. Sections and the<lb />Executive Board must find time to work towards<lb />the wrap-up of the biennium.<lb /><lb />More information and details for the Spring<lb />Workshop will follow.<lb /><lb />I look forward to seeing you April 24-25 at<lb />Greensboro College. Our hostess is Susan Squires.<lb /><lb />Pauline F. Myrick, President al<lb /><lb />Pes aseesese eee See<lb /><lb />Professionalism.<lb /><lb />ThatTs what you strive to maintain in<lb />the service you offer your library<lb />patrons.<lb />At EBSCO, we're constantly striving to<lb />perfect our professionalism. Our regional<lb />representatives understand your needs, can<lb />answer your questions quickly, and<lb />can often help eliminate problems<lb />before they occur.<lb />Call or send this coupon to see how<lb />EBSCO's professionals can help your<lb />library operate even more professionally.<lb /><lb />I'd like more information about<lb />EBSCO.<lb /><lb />Send your free 32-page brochure explaining<lb />all of EBSCO's serials management services.<lb />Have my regional representative call me for an<lb />appointment at my convenience.<lb /><lb />My number is ( )<lb />NAME, TITLE<lb />LIBRARY<lb />ADDRESS<lb />CITY, STATE, ZIP<lb /><lb />The Professional Serials Source<lb />eee ea ee ed<lb /><lb />i<lb />i<lb />a<lb />i<lb />i<lb />i<lb />i<lb />i<lb />i<lb />a<lb />a<lb />i<lb />i<lb />i<lb />a<lb />i<lb />i<lb />i<lb />a<lb />i<lb />i<lb />a<lb />|<lb />a<lb />i<lb />al<lb /></p>
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          <lb />Introduction<lb /><lb />Jean Weldon, Guest Editor<lb /><lb />As we approach the twenty-first century, the<lb />Social issues concerning us are the same as those<lb />of a century ago: breakdown of the family and the<lb />changing roles of women. Changes in womenTs<lb />roles have brought about a different perception of<lb />women in the labor force.! Whether they are sin-<lb />gle, divorced, widowed or a single parent, women<lb />are becoming an increasingly large portion of the<lb />work force, and paid employment is a major con-<lb />cern. For men as well as for women, earnings are<lb />crucial for financial support. Despite the similari-<lb />ties between menTs work and womenTs work, sig-<lb />nificant differences exist, particularly in earn-<lb />ings.2<lb /><lb />In this issue of North Carolina Libraries,<lb />Nancy B. Parrish examines pay equity for librar-<lb />ians and concludes with a bibliographical essay.<lb />Martha Barefoot presents a history of legislative<lb />effort for women and minorities in North Carolina<lb />and discusses what our state legislators are doing<lb />to further the rights of women and minorities in<lb />this state. Sylvia Sprinkle-Hamlin and Myra Wor-<lb />rell report the results of a survey of fourteen pub-<lb />lic library systems in North Carolina to identify<lb />the number of ethnic minorities in professional<lb />Positions. The authors based their selection of the<lb />fourteen systems on the ethnic population in the<lb />respective counties. Ruth Katz assesses librarian-<lb />Ship and indicates issues that need immediate<lb />attention. As director of a public library, Dale<lb />Gaddis comments on strategies she uses with her<lb />Soverning board.<lb /><lb />One might find it interesting to look at the<lb />Status of women in librarianship from a historical<lb />Perspective. Contemporary feminists point to the<lb />family-wage ideology and the numerous problems<lb />it has caused in the struggle for equality. The<lb />family-wage ideology emerged in the first half of<lb />the nineteenth century when womenTs wages<lb />Were considered a supplement (pin money) to<lb />family income and women presumably did not<lb />have to earn an income to support a family. This<lb />Powerful ideology had an enormous impact on<lb /><lb />defining the relationship between men, women<lb />and work.<lb /><lb />Bog hs<lb />Jean Weldon is serials librarian at Duke University, Durham,<lb /><lb />and a member of the North Carolina Libraries editorial<lb />ard.<lb /><lb />Gender roles are learned early and affect the<lb />way we behave, make decisions, and view our-<lb />selves as well as the way we view others. The pre-<lb />valence of sex roles is well established in the<lb />literature.T Historically, certain occupations have<lb />been identified with one sex to the extent that all<lb />members are commonly associated with the<lb />characteristics of that sex. Teachers, nurses and<lb />librarians work in professions which have been<lb />sex-typed as female. Within these professions,<lb />however, are certain functions not commonly<lb />associated with the sex role that dominates the<lb />profession. Generally, management is not per-<lb />ceived as a female work role; consequently, even<lb />though female librarians outnumber male, women<lb />are not usually identified with the membership of<lb />library executive suites.®<lb /><lb />Prior to Melvil Dewey's 1886 lecture entitled<lb />oLibrarianship As a Profession for College-Bred<lb />Women,� librarianship was primarily a male pro-<lb />fession. By 1920, the situation had changed signi-<lb />ficantly in that ninety per cent of all librarians<lb />were women.� By 1960, women represented eighty-<lb />six per cent of elementary school teachers and<lb />librarians and ninety-eight per cent of nurses.<lb />Among librarians, male participation has been<lb />increasing more rapidly than female.T The King<lb />Research study of Library Human Resources<lb />acknowledges womenTs increasing participation<lb />in the labor force. As librarians remain in the<lb />labor force longer than previously, fewer openings<lb />will become available; however, as women move<lb />into other professions such as law and medicine,<lb />their proportion of the profession may become<lb />smaller.® In her interview with Allen Veaner,<lb />Marianne Scott, newly appointed director of the<lb />National Library of Canada, says oWomen are<lb />doing better everywhere, not just in librarianship.<lb />This combination of a changing environment and<lb />changing attitudes is part of a larger trend ....<lb />What it really means is that better administrators<lb />will evolve because appointees will, in effect, be<lb />drawn from a larger pool, a double pool, because<lb />it will include top males and top females.�°<lb /><lb />Nevertheless, women must contend with sex<lb />stereotypes. Although librarianship is sex-typed<lb />as a female profession, management is stereo-<lb />typed as male. Much of the research that has been<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"5<lb /></p>
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        <p>done on women managers suggests that there is<lb />very little difference between male managers and<lb />female managers in terms of attitude, motivation<lb />and behavior.!! Interviews with recently ap-<lb />pointed library administrators indicate, however,<lb />that managerial styles of men and women do<lb />differ. Sharon Rogers states, oI think more women<lb />in high-level administrative posts will change the<lb />character of organizational relationships and<lb />patterns, and the change will require a revolution<lb />in the administration of the organization.�<lb /><lb />References<lb /><lb />1. Reskin, Barbara F. and Heidi, I. Hartmann, eds. WomenTs<lb />Work, MenTs Work: Sex Segregation on the Job. Washington, D.C::<lb />National Academy Press, 1986, p. 1.<lb /><lb />2. Ibid, p. 4.<lb /><lb />3. May, Martha. oBread Before Roses: American Workingmen,<lb />Labor Unions and the Family Wage,� in Milkman, Ruth, ed.<lb />Women, Work and Protest: A Century of U.S. WomenTs Labor<lb /><lb />History. Boston: Routledge &amp; K. Paul, 1985, p. 15.<lb />4. Bowman, G., N. B. Worthy and S. A. Greyer, oAre Women Exec-<lb /><lb />utives People?,� Harvard Business Review 43 (1965), pp. 14-45;<lb />Fox, Mary Frank and Sharlene Hesse-Biber. Women at Work.<lb />Palo Alto, Calif: Mayfield Pub. Co., 1984; Macoby, Eleanor and<lb />Carol Jacklin. The Psychology of Sex Differences. Stanford, Calif:<lb /><lb />READING TIME ENCORE! is the title of the ChildrenTs Book<lb />CouncilTs newest year-Tround reading encouragement pro-<lb />gram. Full-color, 11%� x 17� posters by Petra Mathers for<lb />FatherTs Day (on the left) and Molly Bang for Birthdays (on<lb />the right) are part of a humorous and thoughtful eight-poster<lb />set that includes two posters each by Molly Bang, Eileen<lb />Christelow, Petra Mathers, and Hans Wilhelm. For a brochure<lb />that includes prices and ordering information, and shows the<lb />posters in full-color, send a 22¢-stamped, self-addressed,<lb />#10 envelope to CBC, 67 Irving Place, New York, NY 10003.<lb /><lb />go for it!<lb />use your library<lb /><lb />6"Spring 1987<lb /><lb />Stanford University Press, 1974; OTLeary, Virginia E. oSome Atti-<lb />tudinal Barriers to Occupational Aspirations in Women,� Psy-<lb />chological Bulletin 81 (November 1974); Schwartz, E.G. The Sex<lb />Barrier in Business. Atlanta: Georgia State University Press,<lb />1971; Terborg, James R. oWomen in Management: A Research<lb />Review,� Journal of Applied Psychology 62 (June 1977), pp. 647-<lb />664,<lb /><lb />5. Irvine, Betty Jo. Sex Segregation in Librarianship: Demo-<lb />graphic And Career Patterns of Academic Library Administra-<lb />tors. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985, p. 3.<lb /><lb />6. Dewey, Melvil. oLibrarianship As A Profession for College-Bred<lb />Women: An Address Delivered Before the Association of Colle-<lb />giate Alumnae on March 13, 1886.� Boston: Library Bureau,<lb />1886.<lb /><lb />7. Fennell, Janice C. oThe Woman Academic Library Administra-<lb />tor: A Career Profile,� in Heim, Kathleen M. The Status of Women<lb />in Librarianship. New York: Neal-Schuman, 1983. p. 207.<lb /><lb />8. Irvine, p. 4.<lb /><lb />9. Library Human Resources: A Study of Supply and Demand.<lb />A Report Prepared for the National Center for Education Statis-<lb />tics and the Office of Libraries and Learning Technologies, by<lb />King Research Inc. Chicago: American Library Association,<lb />1983, p. 6.<lb /><lb />10. Veaner, Allen B. oWomen At the Top: An Interview With<lb />Marianne Scott, New Director of the National Library of Can-<lb />ada,� American Libraries 16 (January 1985), p. 19.<lb /><lb />11. Harriman, Ann. Women/Men/Management. New York:<lb />Praeger, 1985, p. 194.<lb /><lb />12. Brandehoff, Susan. oSpotlight on Women Managers,� Ameri-<lb /><lb />can Libraries, 16 (January 1985), p. 22. al<lb /><lb />~Artsy MOLLY BANG.<lb /><lb /></p>
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          <lb />Legislative Efforts in North Carolina<lb /><lb />for Women and Minorities<lb />Martha Bagby Barefoot<lb /><lb />As members of a profession whose member-<lb />Ship is still predominantly female, a profession<lb />ever vigilant of the minority point of view, it is<lb />important for North Carolina librarians to have a<lb />Clear picture of what our state legislators have<lb />done in the past and are doing currently to<lb />further the rights of women and minorities in this<lb />State.<lb /><lb />Although our current concerns may be tied<lb />more closely to issues of the workplace, such as<lb />the owage gap,� flextime, and daycare, it is useful<lb />to remember that concerns for women and<lb />minorities in earlier years were focused on such<lb />basic societal needs as freedom, the right to own<lb />property, the right to vote and, for blacks, the<lb />right to move freely in the world without those<lb />terrible barriers known as oseparate but equal<lb />facilities,�<lb /><lb />Today, in North Carolina (as well as in other<lb />States) we are looking at ways to equalize the dis-<lb />Crepancies in pay and insurance coverage, ways<lb />to prevent single parent families from slipping<lb />further into poverty, and ways to encourage and<lb />enhance minority/female participation in the<lb />Predominantly male business enterprises in the<lb />State.<lb /><lb />How well North Carolina does in these areas<lb />May depend in part on how well and in what ways<lb />the earlier gains were achieved. A quick review of<lb />the history of legislative efforts in the state for<lb />Women and minorities may offer us some clues.<lb /><lb />It will probably come as no surprise to the<lb />readers of this article that early legislative efforts<lb />well North Carolina for blacks clearly had as their<lb />Intent the separation from, and control of, the<lb />Slave population and the small number of free-<lb />Men living in the state, by whites. There were no<lb />legislative efforts that could be considered posi-<lb />tive ones until 1865 when the General Assembly<lb />Tatified a bill prohibiting slavery.<lb /><lb />Examples of early laws range from the comi-<lb />Cal to the heartbreaking. Members of the 1850-51<lb />legislature ratified oan act to prevent more effec-<lb /><lb />eee Gye 5%<lb />Martha Bagby Barefoot is Circulation and Interlibrary Loan<lb />Librarian, Law Library, The University of North Carolina at<lb />Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514.<lb /><lb />tively the corruption of the slave population,�! an<lb />act whose intent was to prohibit whites from play-<lb />ing any card games or games of chance with<lb />slaves. The penalty for such a crime was to be set<lb />at the discretion of the court and could be either<lb />a fine or a period of imprisonment not to exceed<lb />six months.<lb /><lb />The laws passed by the General Assembly<lb />grew more and more repressive as the country<lb />moved closer to civil war. The sale of liquor to<lb />blacks except for proven medicinal purposes was<lb />prohibited in 1858; the assumption of guilt was<lb />automatic since the state was not required to<lb />prove that the liquor had been purchased without<lb />a medical certificate.<lb /><lb />On December 24, 1852, the legislature ratified<lb />a bill which proclaimed that the ostealing, taking<lb />or conveying away of slaves� was against the law<lb />and set the penalty for such an offense as odeath<lb />without benefit of clergy,� and in December of<lb />1856 the North Carolina legislators disenfran-<lb />chised blacks completely.<lb /><lb />Although the legislature ratified a bill in<lb />October of 1865 prohibiting slavery, the bright<lb />future promised by the triumph of the Union for-<lb />ces never materialized for blacks in North Caro-<lb />lina, and in fact, the sectional and racial hatred<lb />perpetrated by Reconstruction caused divisive-<lb />ness in the state until the middle of the twentieth<lb />century.<lb /><lb />The General Assembly of 1866 passed legisla-<lb />tion which was an attempt to liberalize the former<lb />oppressive limits on black freedoms. Although<lb />less restrictive than some of the other southern<lb />oBlack Codes,� it did not give blacks the right to<lb />vote and it did not give equal legal rights to blacks<lb />and whites.<lb /><lb />The rise of the Ku Klux Klan in the late 1860Ts<lb />prompted the 1871 legislature, composed of<lb />young and inexperienced but reform-minded leg-<lb />islators, to pass a law prohibiting secret political<lb />organization; but unfortunately, little resulted<lb />from their prohibition. There was still terror for<lb />blacks and dissension and disruption for whites.<lb /><lb />For the next thirty years, little was done spe-<lb />cifically by the state legislature to further the pro-<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"7<lb /></p>
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        <p>cess of equality for races. Any progress made by<lb />blacks was the result of federal efforts and tended<lb />only to exacerbate the problems of divisiveness<lb />and hatred already set in place by the efforts of<lb />the Reconstructionists.<lb /><lb />In the late 1890Ts, there was an increase in<lb />political activity by blacks. Federally enfran-<lb />chised, many blacks had become local office<lb />holders and in some cities such as Wilmington<lb />they were a large, prosperous and powerful<lb />group. Such power was frightening to many<lb />whites in North Carolina, and the campaign of<lb />1900 was a particularly bitter, hate-filled one.<lb />Many blacks ochose� not to vote and the conserva-<lb />tive Democrats regained control of the state legis-<lb />lature and immediately proposed a constitutional<lb />amendment, later passed by the 1901 General<lb />Assembly, to disenfranchise blacks a second time.<lb /><lb />From 1900 until the civil rights movement of<lb />the early 1960Ts, there was in North Carolina a<lb />long, slow, legislated decline into the infamous<lb />oseparate but equal facilities� present in all the<lb />other southern states. In 1907, the legislators<lb />passed oAn act to provide for the separate<lb />accommodations of white and colored passengers<lb />upon street cars, and for other purposes.� In 1909<lb />an act was ratified providing for the separation of<lb />whites and ocoloreds� in state prisons, and in 1915<lb />to ensure racially separated health care the legis-<lb />lature decreed that ocolored nurses� must be<lb />hired to care for ocolored patients.�<lb /><lb />The efforts made by the North<lb />Carolina legislature for<lb />women have had almost as<lb />dismal a history as that for<lb />blacks...<lb /><lb />Unfortunately, North CarolinaTs early reluc-<lb />tance to grant civil rights did not magically<lb />change during the turmoil of the campaigns for<lb />voting and other civil rights such as integration of<lb />schools and public facilities during the mid-twen-<lb />tieth century. It was not until 1970 that the provi-<lb />sion for separate but equal educational facilities<lb />was removed from the state constitution, and<lb />although a federal civil rights bill was passed by<lb />the U.S. Congress in 1957 to protect minority vot-<lb />ing rights, North Carolina did little to change<lb />practices which had been in effect for half a cen-<lb />tury. It would take lunch counter sit-ins, wide-<lb />spread demonstrations and once again, a federal<lb />statute (The Civil Rights Act of 1964) to bring<lb />about a change in the situation for blacks in the<lb />state.<lb /><lb />8"Spring 1987<lb /><lb />The efforts made by the North Carolina legis-<lb />lature for women have had almost as dismal a<lb />history as that for blacks if one approaches the<lb />situation from a twentieth century feminist point<lb />of view. If however, one looks at them in the con-<lb />text of their setting, some of the laws, if not<lb />advanced, are at least comforting in that many<lb />were attempts to provide social and some finan-<lb />cial support for women and children who were<lb />the victims of difficult social situations.<lb /><lb />In 1852, the court petitioned by a woman for<lb />the granting of a divorce was empowered by an<lb />act of the General Assembly to decree oreasonable<lb />and sufficient alimony ... for the support and<lb />maintenance of herself and family, pending the<lb />said suit.� The 1866-67 legislature guaranteed<lb />married women one third interest in all the prop-<lb />erty of her husband despite any oalienation by the<lb />husband� and, even if the manTs property were<lb />forfeited by debt, her one third was to remain<lb />hers and protected from any loss due to his<lb />indebtedness. Paternal it is, but it is also the<lb />beginning of acknowledgement of a wife's rights to<lb />property that is her own.<lb /><lb />Until the turn of the century and slightly<lb />beyond, the statutes enacted by the legislature<lb />concerning women were uniformly paternalist"<lb />concerned with the paying of pensions to widows<lb />of confederate soldiers and with providing pro-<lb />tection to women from abortion, ocarnal knowl-<lb />edge by fraud,� and oseduction, under promise of<lb />marriage.�<lb /><lb />By 1913 the legislators saw fit to extendT<lb />slightly the legal rights of married women, allow-<lb />ing them to personally recover damages from<lb />physical injuries done to them, but those same<lb />legislators ratified oan act to protect female tele-<lb />phone operators� making it a crime to use lewd,<lb />vulgar or profane words when using any tele-<lb />phone equipment. The 1913 General Assembly<lb />also enacted a statute which stated that women<lb />could hold certain positions on some educational<lb />boards as long as those positions were not to be<lb />filled by an election, i.e. women could be ap-<lb />pointed but not elected. But for women, the signi-<lb />ficant event of this legislative session was a<lb />non-event: the General Assembly did not ratify<lb />the bill which was to give women the right to vote.<lb /><lb />A female suffrage bill was introduced into<lb />each succeeding legislature, and only after the<lb />Nineteenth Amendment had become effective in<lb />1920 did the state make reluctant provision for<lb />the registration and voting of women. The state<lb />legislators had in fact voted against ratification of<lb />the amendment earlier in the 1920 extra session;<lb />but the amendment was ratified by the Tennessee<lb /><lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0015" />
        <p>Legislature the day after it was defeated in the<lb />North Carolina General Assembly, and the Ten-<lb />nessee vote gave the amendment the required<lb />three-fourths majority. North Carolina did not<lb />ratify the Nineteenth Amendment until the<lb />1970's.<lb /><lb />It is apparent that, even<lb />today, the legislators of North<lb />Carolina are waiting for fed-<lb />eral guidance or pressure on<lb />many of the issues that are of<lb />current importance to women<lb />and minorities.<lb /><lb />During the 1930Ts the North Carolina legisla-<lb />tors passed laws which regulated the number of<lb />hours females could be asked to work, and during<lb />the 40Ts and 50Ts extended employment and<lb />retirement benefits to all state employees, an<lb />ever-growing portion of whom were female. In<lb />1963, the U.S. passed the Equal Pay Act; although<lb />North Carolina has enacted a Fair Employment<lb />Practices Law which covers the public sector, it<lb />has not to date adopted an Equal Pay Act. In<lb />1972, the U.S. Senate approved the Equal Rights<lb />Amendment; in 1982, the North Carolina legisla-<lb />ture voted not to ratify the Constitutional<lb />Amendment, thereby ensuring its ultimate defeat.<lb /><lb />It is clear from this mini-history that North<lb />Carolina has not in any cause been ofirst off the<lb />mark� in its legislative support for women and<lb />minorities and in fact, in all issues of vital societal<lb />Importance, including civil and voting rights, the<lb />State came late and reluctantly into the fold, often<lb />Without a legislative enactment. One should, of<lb />course, not assume that all individual legislators<lb />Were or are unconcerned about the social issues<lb />of the day, but it is evident that the number of<lb />concerned individuals was obviously smaller than<lb />the number of those who were not.<lb /><lb />It is apparent that, even today, the legislators<lb />of North Carolina are waiting for federal guidance<lb />or pressure on many of the issues that are of cur-<lb />rent importance to women and minorities. The<lb />1985 General Assembly passed during its closing<lb />days in July 1986 three enactments intended to<lb />bring North Carolina into compliance with the<lb />oChild Support Enforcement Amendments of<lb />1984,�2 passed by the U.S. Congress. One act was<lb />to establish guidelines for child support pay-<lb />ments, one was to provide for the expediting of<lb />child support cases, and the third was to provide<lb /><lb />for withholding from wages and other income for<lb />child support payments.<lb /><lb />Current efforts for women and minorities<lb />center around the Legislative Research Commis-<lb />sion Committee on WomenTs Needs, which was<lb />established in 1983. The committeeTs charge was<lb />to study othe entire range of the economic, social<lb />and legal problems and needs of the women of the<lb />state of North Carolina.� Following only a few of<lb />the recommendations (spousal and child abuse<lb />programs, job training, extension of flextime<lb />options, increased aid to families with dependent<lb />children) presented in the committeeTs report to<lb />the 1985 General Assembly would start North<lb />Carolina on the way to much needed reforms in<lb />the equalizing of rights for all the people of the<lb />state. Unfortunately, most of the legislative pro-<lb />posals presented by that committee have been<lb />postponed indefinitely, but the committee has<lb />been asked to continue its study and to present<lb />another report to the 1987 General Assembly.<lb /><lb />It has been made clear to us that North Caro-<lb />lina legislators have often moved slowly in the<lb />past in some of the more liberal social legislation<lb />of the times, but as minority and female partici-<lb />pation in the state legislature grows, we may be<lb />hopeful that legislative activism will grow as well;<lb />and that instead of waiting for federal statutes to<lb />dictate the solution to social problems, our state<lb />legislators will quickly respond to the needs and<lb />rights of its citizens whatever their race or sex.<lb /><lb />References<lb /><lb />1. All session laws have been directly quoted from official<lb />volumes of the North Carolina session laws; years of passage are<lb />mentioned in the text of the paper.<lb /><lb />2. Public Law 98-378.<lb /><lb />3. North Carolina Legislative Research Commission. WomenTs<lb />Needs: Report to the 1985 General Assembly of North Carolina,<lb /><lb />Raleigh, N.C. (1984), p.i a<lb /><lb />State Documents<lb />Depository System<lb /><lb />An explanation of the proposed State Docu-<lb />ments Depository System and its purpose are fea-<lb />tured in an article by Marjorie W. Lindsey, oState<lb />Documents: Proposed Statewide Depository Sys-<lb />tem�, in the fall 1986 issue of Popular Govern-<lb />ment, pp. 8-11. This bill is being introduced in this<lb />session of the legislature. Your input and concern<lb />can be expressed by writing or contacting your<lb />local representative. al<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"9<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0016" />
        <p>
          <lb />
          <lb />Pay Equity"An Issue For Librarians<lb /><lb />A Summary and Selected Bibliography<lb /><lb />Nancy B. Parrish<lb /><lb />A number of studies have shown that in spite<lb />of affirmative action legislation"the Equal Pay<lb />Act and the Civil Rights Act"a significant gap<lb />continues to exist between the earnings of males<lb />and females. According to Nancy Perlman (1983),<lb />in 1982 women were earning on the average<lb />between fifty-nine and sixty-four cents for each<lb />dollar earned by men"a forty per cent wage dif-<lb />ferential. Evidence from pay equity studies indi-<lb />cates that the wage gap is related to occupational<lb />segregation of women into only a few of the avail-<lb />able occupations. In addition, the salaries of men<lb />and women in the traditionally female-dominated<lb />jobs are artificially depressed"meaning that<lb />wages are lower than they would be if the jobs<lb />had been historically held by men. Librarianship<lb />is an example of one of these female-dominated<lb />occupations.<lb /><lb />Pay equity is a method for evaluating jobs to<lb />determine whether wages are artificially de-<lb />pressed and to compare the value of dissimilar<lb />jobs according to requirements of effort, skill,<lb />responsibility, and working conditions. Salaries<lb />are set based upon job characteristics. According<lb />to Steinberg and Haignere (1984), othe policy of<lb />equal pay for work of comparable worth has<lb />evolved to rectify the wage discrimination that is<lb />a by-product of occupational segregation� (p. 17).<lb />Opponents of pay equity contend that the wage<lb />gap is not based upon sex discrimination but<lb />upon differences between males and females in<lb />education, work experience, job choice, and social<lb />convention (Thompson, 1985). However, the find-<lb />ings of a 1981 National Research Council study<lb />indicate that only a small part of the wage differ-<lb />ential can be attributed to these factors (Treiman<lb />&amp; Hartmann, 1981).<lb /><lb />Opposition to pay equity usually focuses on<lb />three arguments. The first is that dissimilar jobs<lb />cannot be compared for establishing salaries"<lb />the apples and oranges argument. This argument<lb />appears to have little value, however, since for<lb />years private and governmental employees have<lb />been setting wage rates based upon job evalua-<lb /><lb />Nancy B. Parrish is information services librarian, Stanly<lb />County Public Library, Albemarle, NC 28001.<lb /><lb />10"Spring 1987<lb /><lb />tions of dissimilar jobs (Perlman, 1983). A second<lb />argument is that pay equity interferes with the<lb />free market system of wages determined by<lb />supply and demand. Again, however, examples of<lb />manipulation of the free market system are fre-<lb />quently seen in our capitalistic society"for<lb />example in the bail-out of Chrysler and Lockheed<lb />and in restrictions on the import of Japanese<lb />autos (Steinberg &amp; Haignere, 1984). A third<lb />argument by pay equity opponents is that the cost<lb />of implementing a new system would be so exten-<lb />sive as to create economic chaos. However, Perl-<lb />man (1983) indicates that, when pay equity has<lb />been implemented, the costs have not devastated<lb />the state or local economy. Usually any retro-<lb />active payments are paid over a period of two to<lb />three years. According to William Agee, former<lb />chairman of the Bendix Corporation, oraising<lb />womenTs wages would increase their purchasing<lb />power and, consequently help strengthen the<lb />nationTs economy� (WomenTs Work, 1984, p. 8).<lb />Thus, while the opposition argues forcefully, there<lb />is evidence to question the validity of their argu-<lb />ments. Goodyear (1986) encourages librarians to<lb />continue their pursuit to make pay equity a reali-<lb />ty"oOur quest for equal pay in the nationTs librar-<lb />ies should not be deterred by such arguments,<lb />however. We should, instead, look forward to suc-<lb />cessful implementation of a wage scale that<lb />rewards librariansT true worth� (p. 9).<lb /><lb />Certain events in the past few years have<lb />contributed to strengthening the support for pay<lb />equity. In 1980, the International Union of Elec-<lb />trical Workers and Westinghouse reached a set-<lb />tlement when a court ruled that the union could<lb />sue under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. This<lb />agreement is important because a pay equity vio-<lb />lation was affirmed for significantly dissimilar<lb />jobs which were considered comparable in worth<lb />(WomenTs Work, 1984). The often cited oCounty of<lb />Washington, Oregon vs. Gunther� ruling provided<lb />encouragement for pay equity suits, when in 1981<lb />the Supreme Court provided a broader interpre-<lb />tation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act although<lb />it did not rule on pay equity specifically. This deci-<lb />sion oestablished the groundwork for ... argu-<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0017" />
        <p>ments that an existing federal antidiscrimination<lb />law ... is broad enough to consider allegations of<lb />Wage discrimination that the Equal Pay Act<lb />(1963) cannot address� (Rubin, 1985, p. 8). Per-<lb />haps the most publicized pay equity case has been<lb />the twelve-year battle between Washington State<lb />and state employees represented by the American<lb />Federation of State, County, and Municipal<lb />Employees (AFSCME). In 1983, a U.S. District<lb />Court Judge ruled that the state had violated<lb />Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and ordered an<lb />immediate wage increase. The state appealed to<lb />the 9th Circuit Appeals Court which reversed the<lb />1983 decision. Finally in December 1985 an out-<lb />of-court settlement was reached. The agreement<lb />Provides for the worth of jobs to be measured in<lb />terms of skill, effort, training, education, respon-<lb />sibility, and working conditions. Pay equity in-<lb />Creases of 2.5% were granted but no retroactive<lb />Pay was included (oWashington State Settles Dis-<lb />pute,� 1986).<lb /><lb />According to a recent article in Show-Me-<lb />Libraries, only four states have not initiated any<lb />Consideration of the pay equity issue. oBy May<lb />1985, 10 states had passed legislation establishing<lb />Pay equity as a goal in the public and private sec-<lb />tor� (oOn Pay Equity,� 1986, p. 5).<lb /><lb />... a Significant gap continues<lb />to exist between the earnings<lb />of males and females.<lb /><lb />Some events of the 1970Ts and 1980Ts point to<lb />the activities of librarians in state and local initia-<lb />tives. Galloway and Archuleta (1978) note that<lb />librarians in San Francisco conducted a study of<lb />Sex and wage discrimination, and that San Diego<lb />bublic librarians filed a suit against the city. In<lb />Fairfax County, Virginia, public library employees<lb />filed charges with the EEOC after studies in 1975,<lb />1980, and 1981 indicated wage inequities between<lb />�,�ntry level librarians and other entry level profes-<lb />Sionals. A 1983 pay study in Jersey City, New Jer-<lb />Sey, which compared librarians with sixteen job<lb />Classes of city employees, revealed a twenty-one<lb />Per cent wage differential (oAnnouncements Lit-<lb />igation,� 1984).<lb /><lb />On the national level, The American Library<lb />Association (ALA) has undertaken an advocacy<lb />role. ALA was a founding member of the National<lb />Committee on Pay Equity, which was established<lb />im 1980 after the National Pay Equity Conference.<lb />Tn 1984 the Executive Board of ALA approved the<lb />�,�stablishment of a Commission on Pay Equity to<lb />recommend future ALA action and to provide<lb /><lb />increased visibility to comparable worth issues in<lb />the library profession (oNew Groups to Address<lb />Pay Equity,� 1984). The ALA Office for Library<lb />Personnel Resources (OLPR) has also been active<lb />in gathering and making available information<lb />about equity. Resource materials including bibli-<lb />ographies and data on library-related pay equity<lb />cases can be obtained from OLPR, and a publica-<lb />tion entitled oPay Equity: Comparable Worth<lb />Action Guide� is being prepared by that office<lb />(oOn Pay Equity,� 1986).<lb /><lb />The present status of the pay equity issue<lb />reflects both losses and gains during 1985. Long-<lb />term implications of unfavorable decisions remain<lb />to be determined. The EEOC, composed entirely<lb />of Reagan appointees, announced that it will no<lb />longer assist women whose wage discrimination<lb />complaints are based upon comparable worth. In<lb />addition, the Civil Rights Commission rejected the<lb />principle of comparable worth as a method to<lb />close the wage gap (Evans, 1985).<lb /><lb />In North Carolina, a reversal by the General<lb />Assembly means that a pay study of this stateTs<lb />job system has been indefinitely postponed. This<lb />pay equity study had been authorized in 1984,<lb />with a Pay Equity Advisory Committee created by<lb />the legislature. A letter from Governor James<lb />Martin to U.S. Congressman William Cobey indi-<lb />cates that the General Assembly reconsidered<lb />this legislation and terminated the study in April<lb />1985. His letter indicates that the concerns lead-<lb />ing to this reversal were the cost to implement<lb />pay equity, interference with market rates, and<lb />private enterpriseTs fear of government wage set-<lb />ting"the same three arguments used by past<lb />opponents of pay equity (Congressional Record,<lb />1985, August 1, p. H7124).<lb /><lb />However, the concept of pay equity received<lb />some support in 1985. At the federal level, Sena-<lb />tor Alan Cranston and Representative Mary Rose<lb />Oakar introduced pay equity bills in the 99th<lb />Congress, similar to those introduced in the 98th<lb />session. The Federal Equitable Pay Practices Act<lb />of 1985, HR 3008, which passed the House of<lb />Representatives in October 1985 authorizes an<lb />eleven-member commission to contract for an<lb />eighteen-month study of the federal job system.<lb />The bill has been sent to the Senate Committee on<lb />Governmental Affairs which is already consider-<lb />ing the Senate version of the bill, $.5. A similar<lb />situation occurred in the 98th Congress when pay<lb />equity legislation was passed in the House of<lb />Representatives but not in the Senate (Congres-<lb />sional Record, 1985, October 9, pp. H8521-H8560).<lb />Donna Alexander of Congressman Howard Co-<lb />bleTs office indicated in a recent phone conversa-<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"11<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0018" />
        <p>tion that discussion of the bill has not been<lb />scheduled on the committee calendar as of June<lb />6, 1986.<lb /><lb />Successful implementation of pay equity pro-<lb />grams has also occurred at both the state and<lb />local government levels. Librarians were reci-<lb />pients of pay equity wage adjustments in several<lb />locations last year. In Los Angeles, public librar-<lb />ians succeeded in negotiating a new contract<lb />which grants special pay equity adjustments of<lb />twelve per cent over the next two years to 326<lb />librarians. The librarians had prepared a salary<lb />survey and filed discrimination charges with<lb />EEOC (oLos Angeles Librarians,� 1985). Pay equity<lb />increases negotiated with the city of Chicago by<lb />the AFSCME will be paid to librarians and other<lb />library personnel. Increases were also negotiated<lb />in Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, New York, Connect-<lb />icut, and San Francisco (oPay Equity Gallops,�<lb />1986).<lb /><lb />Although pay equity initiatives have been<lb />successful in some states and localities, efforts<lb />must continue so that librarians and others in<lb />female-intensive occupations can be equitably<lb />compensated for their work. Young people can<lb />hardly be encouraged to enter the profession as<lb />long as wages remain artificially depressed. Most<lb />of the success in pay equity has occurred with the<lb />aid of employee unions. The ALA Commission on<lb />Pay Equity and the OLPR should continue to pro-<lb />vide information and resources especially for<lb />librarians who have no access to union assistance.<lb /><lb />... When pay equity has been<lb />implemented, the costs have<lb />not devastated the state or<lb />local economy.<lb /><lb />Bibliography<lb />Books<lb /><lb />Comparable worth: Issue for the 80Ts: a con-<lb />sultation of the U.S. Commission on Civil<lb /><lb />Rights, June 6-7, 1984. Washington, DC: The<lb />Commission [CR1.2:C73/3 v. 1&amp;2] °<lb />The consultation was held to provide the Com-<lb />mission with the opportunity to hear from<lb /><lb />experts on the subject and to engage in discus- _<lb /><lb />sions with them. Vol. 1 contains papers submitted<lb />by participants. Both sides of the issue are<lb />represented, as well as background on the devel-<lb />opment of the concept. Vol. 2 records the pro-<lb />ceedings of the consultation.<lb /><lb />12"Spring 1987<lb /><lb />The earnings gap between men and women.<lb />(1979). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of<lb />Labor, WomenTs Bureau. [L36.102:Ea7/2/<lb />979]<lb /><lb />Presents data regarding factors which contribute<lb />to continuing the wage gap between men and<lb />women. Indicates that the prime factor is the<lb />occupational segregation of women into low-pay-<lb />ing occupations and into lower status jobs in<lb />higher-paying occupations. Based upon 1977 sta-<lb />tistics.<lb /><lb />Gold, M. E. (1983). A dialogue on comparable<lb />worth. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press. [HD6061.2.<lb />U6G64 1983]<lb /><lb />Arguments for and against information about<lb /><lb />various aspects of comparable worth are pres-<lb /><lb />ented in the format of a debate between an advo-<lb />cate and a critic.<lb /><lb />Hearings before the United States Equal Em-<lb />ployment Opportunity Commission on job<lb />segregation and wage discrimination.<lb />(1980). Washington, DC: The Commission.<lb />[Y3.Eq2:2J57/6]<lb /><lb />Includes statement by Margaret Myers, Director,<lb /><lb />Office of Library Personnel, ALA"pp. 602-611.<lb /><lb />Hearings were held April 28-30, 1980. Four librar-<lb /><lb />ians submitted written testimony (not included in<lb /><lb />print edition).<lb /><lb />Heim, K. and Phenix, K. (1984). On account of sex,<lb />an annotated bibliography on the status of<lb />women in librarianship, 1977-1981. Chi-<lb />cago: ALA. [Z682.4.W65H44 1984]<lb /><lb />Provides brief annotations for articles and books,<lb /><lb />government reports and hearings for the years<lb /><lb />covered. Comparable worth is included as a topic<lb />in subject index.<lb /><lb />Johansen, E. (1984). Comparable worth: The<lb />myth and the movement. Boulder, CO: West-<lb />view Press. [HD6061.2.U6J64 1984]<lb /><lb />Presents the development of the comparable<lb /><lb />worth movement in historical, social and political<lb /><lb />contexts. Examines methods used to implement<lb />pay equity practices in setting salaries. Extensive<lb />bibliography. Chronological summary of federal<lb /><lb />and state events between 1951 and 1984.<lb /><lb />Norwood, J. L. (1982). The female-male earning<lb />gap: A review of employment and earnings<lb />issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of<lb />Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. [L2.71:673 ]<lb /><lb />Statement presented at the Pay Equity Hearings<lb /><lb />9-16-82. Summarizes changes since 1960 in the<lb /><lb />participation of women in the work force.<lb /><lb />Increased labor force participation has not<lb /><lb />increased the economic status of women and<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0019" />
        <p>especially families maintained by females. At all<lb />entry levels of educational achievement womenTs<lb />median earnings lag behind menTs earnings"<lb />about a 40% wage gap.<lb /><lb />Remick, H. (Ed.). (1984). Comparable worth and<lb />wage discrimination. Philadelphia: Temple<lb />University Press. [HD6061.2.U6C44 1984]<lb /><lb />Papers presented by authors who orepresent a<lb /><lb />broad spectrum of perspectives on the issue� (p.<lb /><lb />X) provide information about the origins of com-<lb /><lb />Parable worth and other aspects of attempting to<lb /><lb />implement the principle.<lb /><lb />Treiman, D. J. &amp; Hartmann, H. I. (Eds.). (1981).<lb />Women, work, and wages: Equal pay for jobs<lb />of equal value. Washington, DC: National<lb />Academy Press. [HD6061.2.U6W65]<lb /><lb />Summary of findings related to the wage gap<lb /><lb />between males and females. Report prepared by<lb /><lb />Committee on Occupational Classification and<lb /><lb />Analysis, Assembly of Behavioral and Social<lb /><lb />Sciences, National Research Council. The commit-<lb /><lb />tee and subsequent report were a response to<lb /><lb />requests from the Department of Labor and<lb /><lb />EEOC for an examination of issues involved in<lb /><lb />comparable worth.<lb /><lb />University of California. Library Affirmative<lb />Action Program for Women Committee.<lb />(1971). A report on the status of women<lb />employed in the library of the University of<lb />California, Berkeley, with recommendations<lb />for affirmative action. [Z682.3.C37 |<lb /><lb />This study, conducted to determine inequities in<lb /><lb />Status between men and women employed in the<lb /><lb />Berkeley General Library, provided additional<lb /><lb />evidence of wage depression in female-dominated<lb /><lb />Occupations. The report contains specific recom-<lb /><lb />mendations for correcting inequities. These can<lb /><lb />Serve as a guide for other libraries.<lb /><lb />Women in the workforce: Pay equity. (1984).<lb />Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing<lb />Office. [Y4.Ec7:W84/8]<lb /><lb />Statements of witnesses at a hearing before the<lb /><lb />Joint Economic Committee of Congress, April 10,<lb /><lb />1984. Includes information related to the 1981<lb /><lb />National Research Council study, the Washington<lb /><lb />State discrimination case, and National Commit-<lb /><lb />tee on Pay Equity.<lb /><lb />WomenTs work: Undervalued, underpaid: A<lb />report on pay equity. (1984). Washington,<lb />DC: National Commission on Working Wo-<lb />men. [HD6061.2.U6D440 1984]<lb /><lb />Examines one aspect of job discrimination against<lb /><lb />Women"unequal pay. Outlines the history of<lb /><lb />unequal pay. Discusses factors responsible for the<lb /><lb />wage gap between men and women. Describes<lb />strategies to deal with wage discrimination"leg-<lb />islation, litigation, negotiation, public education,<lb />and job evaluation systems.<lb /><lb />Articles<lb /><lb />oAnnouncements, litigation.� (1984). WomenTs<lb /><lb />Rights Law Reporter, 8, 3-4.<lb />Reports that the Fairfax County Public Library<lb />Employees Association filed charges with the<lb />EEOC against Fairfax County, VA. The complaint<lb />charged wage discrimination on the basis of sex.<lb />Studies in 1975, 1980, and 1981 showed inequities<lb />between the wages of entry level librarians and<lb />entry level professionals in other county depart-<lb />ments. Also reports that a pay study in Jersey<lb />City, NJ, in December, 1983, showed that wages of<lb />library workers were 21% lower than other city<lb />employees.<lb /><lb />Buchele, R. &amp; Aldrich, M. (1985). oHow much dif-<lb />ference would comparable worth make?�<lb />Industrial Relations, 24, 222-233.<lb /><lb />Describes a study to determine whether the<lb /><lb />implementation of comparable worth would help<lb /><lb />to close the wage gap between males and females.<lb /><lb />Findings and implications"comparable worth<lb /><lb />would significantly reduce the wage gap; would<lb /><lb />improve the efficiency of the labor market; and<lb />the principle does not violate the laws of supply<lb />and demand.<lb /><lb />oComparable worth laid low by equal opportunity<lb /><lb />agencies.� (1985). Library Journal, 110, 28.<lb />Indicates that EEOC ruled that it will no longer<lb />aid women who use comparable worth as a basis<lb />for sex discrimination cases. Previously, the Civil<lb />Rights Commission rejected the theory of com-<lb />parable worth.<lb /><lb />oComparable worth movement goes on despite<lb />setback.� (1985). American Libraries, 16,<lb />606.<lb /><lb />Reports the September 1985 overruling of a fed-<lb />eral judgeTs decision that Washington State had<lb />discriminated against female employees. The re-<lb />versal by the Ninth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals<lb />came just as bargaining sessions between em-<lb />ployees and the State were to begin.<lb /><lb />oComparable worth scores in Washington and<lb />Chicago.� (1986). American Libraries, 17, 92-<lb />94.<lb /><lb />Library technicians will benefit from the settle-<lb /><lb />ment of the twelve-year comparable worth battle<lb /><lb />in Washington State. In Chicago, librarians and<lb /><lb />library clerks will receive comparable worth pay<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"13<lb /></p>
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        <p>increases in a settlement between the employees,<lb />the union and the city.<lb /><lb />Congressional Record. (1985). Proceedings and<lb />debates of the 99th Congress, first session,<lb />131, S595-S611.<lb /><lb />Statements by Senator Alan Cranston before the<lb /><lb />US. Senate describing the Pay Equity Act of 1985<lb /><lb />(S.5) which he had introduced on 1-3-85. The bill<lb /><lb />was referred to the Senate Committee on Govern-<lb /><lb />mental Affairs. Includes significant background<lb />information about the development of the con-<lb />cept, important court cases and summarizes<lb /><lb />Congressional action in the 98th Congress.<lb /><lb />Congressional Record. (1985). Proceedings and<lb />debates of the 99th Congress, first session,<lb />131, H5750, H6671, H7118-H7136, H8521-<lb />H8560.<lb /><lb />These sections trace the development of H.R.<lb /><lb />3008, The Federal Equitable Pay Practices Act of<lb /><lb />1985, through passage in the House on October 9,<lb /><lb />1985. The bill provides for the establishment of a<lb /><lb />commission to contract for a study to determine<lb /><lb />whether Federal pay and job classification sys-<lb />tems are consistent with current law which pro-<lb />hibits discrimination on the basis of sex, race and<lb />ethnicity. The bill has been referred to the Senate<lb />Committee on Governmental Affairs.<lb /><lb />Evans, G. (1985, June 16). oEEOC rejects role in<lb />adjudging comparable pay.� The Chronicle of<lb />Higher Education, pp. 1,14.<lb /><lb />In its first ruling on comparable worth EEOC, now<lb /><lb />T all Reagan appointees, voted unanimously not to<lb /><lb />aid women who use comparable worth as the<lb /><lb />basis of wage discrimination complaints. These<lb />individuals will be required to file lawsuits. This<lb />decision was reported to be independent of the<lb /><lb />US. Civil Rights CommissionTs rejection of the<lb /><lb />principle of comparable worth.<lb /><lb />Federal equitable pay practices act of 1985. House<lb />of Representatives report 99-232, July 29,<lb />1985. [Y1.1/8:99-232]<lb /><lb />Report from House Committee on Post Office and<lb /><lb />Civil Service recommending passage of H. R. 3008.<lb /><lb />Summarizes committee action by Subcommittee<lb /><lb />on Compensation and Employee Benefits in the<lb /><lb />97th, 98th, and 99th Congresses related to similar<lb />legislation.<lb /><lb />Feldberg, R. L. (1984). oComparable worth:<lb />Toward theory and practice in the United<lb />States.� Signs Journal of Women in Culture<lb />and Society, 10, 311-328.<lb /><lb />Contends that ocomparable worth has radical<lb /><lb />implications because it initiates an end to<lb /><lb />womenTs economic dependency and questions the<lb /><lb />14"Spring 1987<lb /><lb />market basis of wages� (p. 313). Discusses the his-<lb />tory of low wages for women in the U.S., the the-<lb />ory and practice of comparable worth, and the<lb />implications of the concept. Relates wage discrim-<lb />ination to the high rate of poverty among female-<lb />headed households.<lb /><lb />Galloway, S. &amp; OTNeill, J. (1985). oComparable-<lb />worth adjustments: Yes comparable worth<lb />adjustments: No.� American Libraries, 16,<lb />92-94.<lb /><lb />Presents opposing viewpoints on the merits of<lb /><lb />comparable worth as a way to close the wage gap<lb /><lb />between males and females.<lb /><lb />Galloway, S. &amp; Archuleta, A. (1978). oSex and<lb />salary: Equal pay for comparable work.�<lb />American Libraries, 9, 281-285.<lb /><lb />Describes differences in two wage setting meth-<lb />ods"prevailing wage and job evaluation analysis<lb />(comparable worth). The first method perpetu-<lb />ates existing discriminatory patterns when new<lb />salaries are set. The second evaluates jobs based<lb />on relative difficulty and salaries are set based<lb />upon this analysis. Suggests possible courses of<lb />action for librarians in their effort to achieve pay<lb />equity.<lb /><lb />Goodyear, M. L. (1986). oLibrarians and pay<lb /><lb />equity.� Show-Me-Libraries, 37, p. 7-9.<lb />Summarizes the economic argument against pay<lb />equity and points out the fallacies of this opposi-<lb />tion.<lb /><lb />oHouse authorizes comparable-worth study.�<lb />(1985, October 11). The Washington Post, p.<lb />A25.<lb /><lb />Reports passage of a bill in the House of Repre-<lb /><lb />sentatives to establish an 11 member commission<lb /><lb />and authorize an eighteen-month study of the<lb />federal job system, to determine disparities in<lb />wages between men, and women and minorities.<lb /><lb />Ingwerson, M. (1985, June 19). oPay equity for jobs<lb />held by women: How states and cities put it<lb />into practice.� Christian Science Monitor, p.<lb />4,<lb /><lb />Reports results of collective bargaining between<lb /><lb />American Federation of State, County, and<lb /><lb />Municipal Employees and the city of Los Angeles<lb /><lb />to settle lawsuits. Over the next 3 years the city<lb /><lb />will raise wage scales of 3900 employees in clerical<lb /><lb />and library jobs. This victory was won without a<lb /><lb />comparable worth study as an impetus for the<lb /><lb />adjustment.<lb /><lb />Josephine, H. (1982). oAll things being equal: Pay<lb />equity for library workers.� Wilson Library<lb />Bulletin, 57, p. 300-303.<lb /><lb />Describes several pay equity initiatives involving<lb /></p>
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        <p>librarians. Provides addresses for obtaining infor-<lb />mation about pay equity.<lb /><lb />oLos Angeles librarians win pay equity victory.�<lb /><lb />(1985). American Libraries, 16, 368-370.<lb />The LA Public Library LibrariansT Guild suc-<lb />ceeded in negotiating a new contract which<lb />grants 326 librarians special pay equity adjust-<lb />ments of 12% over the next 2 years. Librarians<lb />had prepared a salary survey and filed discrimi-<lb />nation charges with EEOC. They had attempted<lb />to negotiate for pay equity adjustments for 12<lb />years.<lb /><lb />Martinez, A. &amp; Martinez, J. (1979). The compar-<lb /><lb />able worth study. Personnel in Libraries, ed.<lb /><lb />K. Nyren. New York: R. R. Bowker. (Library<lb /><lb />Journal Special Report #10), p. 43-57.<lb />Discusses the comparable worth method for eval-<lb />uating jobs for the purpose of establishing salar-<lb />ies. This method differs from prevailing wage rate<lb />method in that it can determine whether female-<lb />dominated jobs are undervalued.<lb /><lb />Miller, S. (1984). oThe incomparable problems of<lb />comparable worth.� ConsumersT Research,<lb />67, 20-21.<lb /><lb />Summarizes arguments against comparable<lb /><lb />worth.<lb /><lb />oNew groups to address pay equity and service to<lb />minorities.� (1984). American Libraries, 15,<lb />498.<lb /><lb />ALA President Josey announced that the Execu-<lb /><lb />tive Board of ALA approved the establishment of<lb /><lb />a Commission on Pay Equity to give increased vis-<lb /><lb />ibility to comparable worth issues within the<lb /><lb />library profession, access existing ALA activities<lb />and policies on pay equity and consider related<lb />projects.<lb /><lb />oOn pay equity.� (1986). Show-Me-Libraries, 37, p.<lb />5-7.<lb /><lb />Summarizes the activities of ALA organizations"<lb /><lb />Office for Library Personnel Resources and Com-<lb /><lb />Mission on Pay Equity"to provide resources<lb /><lb />about the issue of pay equity for librarians.<lb /><lb />oPay equity gallops across America in 1985.�<lb />(1986, December/January). National Now<lb />Times, p. 2.<lb /><lb />Reports advances made during 1985 related to<lb /><lb />Pay equity in spite of attacks by the current<lb /><lb />administration. Washington State employees"<lb /><lb />Out of court settlement negotiated"no retro-<lb /><lb />active pay included. Chicago"union negotiated<lb /><lb />Pay equity wage increase for city workers includ-<lb /><lb />ing librarians and other library personnel. Pay<lb /><lb />�,�quity increases were negotiated by unions in Los<lb /><lb />Angeles, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, New York,<lb /><lb />Connecticut, and San Francisco. In Philadelphia a<lb />suit was filed against the city.<lb /><lb />Perlman, N. (1983). oPay equity.� North Carolina<lb />Libraries, 41, 211-219.<lb /><lb />Defines comparable worth and describes occupa-<lb /><lb />tional segregation as one factor in the wage gap<lb /><lb />between men and women. Mentions strategies to<lb /><lb />bring about pay equity. Summarizes arguments<lb /><lb />against the practice.<lb /><lb />Richey, W. (1985, June 19). oNew fury over pay<lb />scales for women.� Christian Science Moni-<lb />tor, p. 3.<lb /><lb />Reports statement by Claudia Wayne. Executive<lb /><lb />Director of National Committee for Pay Equity<lb /><lb />responding to EEOC decision that federal law<lb /><lb />does not require pay equity for jobs of comparable<lb /><lb />worth.<lb /><lb />Rubin, M. (1985). oEqual pay for work of compar-<lb />able worth: The role of research in shaping an<lb />equity strategy.� WomenTs Studies Quarterly,<lb />13, 8-15.<lb /><lb />Points out the contribution of research to the<lb />success in pay equity thus far. Research has pro-<lb />vided a baseline of information and is one stra-<lb />tegy to use along with litigation, job evaluation,<lb />organizing, bargaining, and public education"a<lb />strategy which can be carried out by womenTs<lb />studies groups.<lb /><lb />be superperson<lb /><lb />use your library<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"15<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0022" />
        <p>Steinberg, R. &amp; Haignere, L. (1984). oNow is the<lb />time for pay equity.� ConsumersT Research,<lb />67, 17-20.<lb />Describes the principle of pay equity. Mentions<lb />events which led to the development of the con-<lb />cept. Discusses the use of job content analysis and<lb />job evaluation to determine whether or not pay<lb />equity in operating in a company. Answers Oppo-<lb />sition arguments.<lb /><lb />Thompson, R. (1985). oWomenTs economic equity.�<lb />Editorial Research Reports, 1, 335-356.<lb />Summarizes the status of various issues related to<lb />economic equity for women, one of which is com-<lb />parable worth. Mentions court cases and legisla-<lb /><lb />tion. Includes information about arguments pro<lb />and con.<lb /><lb />oWashington State settles dispute over pay<lb />equity.� (1986, January 2). New York Times, p.<lb />Al5.<lb /><lb />Washington State and state employees union<lb /><lb />have settled their 12 year dispute without a<lb /><lb />Supreme Court appeal by the union. Provisions of<lb /><lb />the settlement include salary increases of at least<lb /><lb />2.5% and the worth of different jobs will be mea-<lb /><lb />sured according to skill, effort, training, educa-<lb /><lb />tion, responsibility, and working conditions.<lb /><lb />WomenTs Rights Law Reporter, 8, (1984).<lb /><lb />Entire issue devoted to comparable worth. Most<lb />articles discuss implications of major pay equity<lb />cases and review developments.<lb /><lb />©1986 Nancy B. Parrish Greensboro, North Carolina<lb /><lb />EditorTs Note: This article was prepared in the spring of 1986.<lb />The information is current to that point. In July 1986 the ALA<lb />Commission on Pay Equity held a conference and subsequently<lb />has generated several books and articles which are not included<lb /><lb />in the bibliography. élll<lb /><lb />Charlotte-Mecklenburg<lb />Public Library Wins Award<lb /><lb />oThe Imaginative Spirit"Charlotte-Mecklen-<lb />burgTs Literary Heritage,� described in the winter<lb />1986 issue of North Carolina Libraries, won first<lb />place in the Southeastern Library Association<lb />Outstanding Library Program Award competition<lb />for 1984-86. The article by Julian Mason was<lb />entitled o~The Imaginative Spirit-"A Public<lb />Library Focuses on Local Writers,� pp. 234-239.<lb /><lb />16"Spring 1987<lb /><lb />RTSS Grant for the NCLA<lb />Biennial Conference<lb /><lb />The purposes of the grant are to encourage<lb />(1) membership in NCLA and RTSS, (2) attend-<lb />ance at NCLA Biennial Conferences, and (3) par-<lb />ticipation in RTSS activities.<lb /><lb />The grant will be for $250.00 to finance<lb />attendance at the next Biennial Conference of<lb />NCLA. Membership in NCLA and RTSS are<lb />required upon acceptance of the grant.<lb /><lb />The grant will be awarded without regard to<lb />sex, age, or type of library.<lb /><lb />Criteria for Selection<lb /><lb />1. At least part of the applicantTs current work-<lb />must involve an aspect of technical services:<lb />acquisitions, cataloging, classification, resources,<lb />collection development, preservation of library<lb />materials, or related activities.<lb /><lb />2. The applicant must not have attended an<lb />NCLA Biennial Conference previously.<lb /><lb />3. The applicant must work in North Carolina.<lb /><lb />4. The applicant must demonstrate financial<lb />need.<lb /><lb />5. The completed application form must be neat<lb />and intelligible.<lb /><lb />6. The applicant must secure work leave appro-<lb />val as appropriate.<lb /><lb />Conditions of Grant Acceptance<lb /><lb />1. The recipient must provide confirmation of<lb />acceptance in writing to the chairperson of the<lb />Resources and Technical Services Section.<lb /><lb />2. The recipient must be a member of, or join,<lb />NCLA and RTSS.<lb /><lb />3. The recipient must attend the entire Biennial<lb />Conference and all RTSS functions and will assist<lb />with RTSS programs if requested by the Executive<lb />Committee.<lb /><lb />4. The recipient must notify the chairperson of<lb />the section, and return the grant funds if the<lb />terms of the grant cannot be met.<lb /><lb />The selection of the grant recipient will rest<lb />solely with the RTSS Executive Committee. In the<lb />absence of qualified applicants, no grant will be<lb />awarded.<lb /><lb />For application forms, write to: Michael<lb />LaCroix, Director of Library Services, Ethel K.<lb />Smith Library, Wingate College, Wingate, N.C.<lb />28174. Deadline for applying: July 1, 1987. a<lb /></p>
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        <p>AMERICAN SONGWRITERS<lb /><lb />by David Ewen<lb />Ready 489pp. ISBN 0-8242-0744-0 LC 86-24654<lb />$50 U.S. and Canada, $60 other countries.<lb /><lb />Covering 400 yeas of musical history, this book<lb />provides detailed biographies of 146 of America's<lb />outstanding popular composers and lyricists, from<lb /><lb />Stephen Foster to Bruce Springsteen, covering all<lb />the major styles" ragtime, minstrelsy, Tin Pan<lb /><lb />Alley, Broadway, rock, jazz, blues, country &amp;<lb />western, and soul.<lb /><lb />BARNHART DICTIONARY OF ETYMOLOGY<lb /><lb />Edited by Robert K. Barnhart<lb />Spring 1987 1,200pp. approx. ISBN 0-8242-0754-9<lb />Price to be announced.<lb /><lb />A major work of scholarship for the general market,<lb />this new reference book provides etymologies fora<lb />core vocabulary of 20,000 English words, including<lb />several thousand new words that have never before<lb />been treated in an etymological dictionary.<lb /><lb />THE FLANNEL BOARD STORYTELLING BOOK<lb /><lb />by Judy Sierra<lb />Spring 1987 192pp. approx.<lb />$30 tent. U.S. and Canada, $35 tent. other countries.<lb /><lb />This complete guide to flannel board SES SaNe eta a<lb />the<lb /><lb />contains stories, poems, and songs from aroun<lb />world, as well as over 200 patterns for yeccg:<lb />flannel board figures. Ideal for children from 3 to 8<lb />years old, this easy-to-use visual accompaniment<lb />to storytelling shows how to make and arrange<lb />flannel boards and story figures. Bibliography<lb />included.<lb /><lb />CURRENT BIOGRAPHY YEARBOOK 1986<lb /><lb />Ready 704pp. ISSN 0084-9499<lb />$42 U.S. and Canada, $52 other countries.<lb /><lb />An invaluable addition to the reference collection<lb />for researchers, teachers, students, and librarians,<lb />the 1986 Yearbook cumulates, in one hardbound<lb />volume, all the articles and obituaries in the 11<lb />monthly issues of Current Biography, and offers an<lb />index to all articles that have appeared since 1980.<lb /><lb />PRESENTING READER'S THEATER<lb /><lb />Plays and Poems to Read Aloud<lb /><lb />by Caroline Feller Bauer<lb /><lb />Illustrations by Lynn Gates Bredeson<lb /><lb />April 1987 256pp. approx.<lb /><lb />$35 tent. U.S. and Canada, $40 tent. other countries.<lb /><lb />Anew ey roach to storytelling for pre-schoolers<lb />and children in early grades, this book adapts<lb />almost 50 stories and poems into easy-to-read, 5 to<lb />20 minute plays for up to 15 readers. An introduc-<lb />tion offers useful wits on casting, rehearsing, and<lb />developing oral skills.<lb /><lb />WORLD FILM DIRECTORS<lb /><lb />Edited by John Wakeman<lb />Spring 1987 2 Volume Set, each volume 1000pp. approx.<lb />Price to be announced.<lb /><lb />An important contribution to the literature of film,<lb />this popephival dictionary provides sketches of<lb />420 of the greatest directors from around the world.<lb />The sketches mun from 2,000 to 8,000 words, and<lb />each entry contains a filmography, bibliography,<lb />and list of published screenplays.<lb /><lb />The. \<lb />H.W.Wilson<lb />Company<lb /><lb />950 University Ave., Bronx, NY 10452<lb /><lb />HOW TO USE THE READERST GUIDE VIDEO<lb /><lb />Spring 1987 18 minutes approx. Color/VHS/Hi-Fi<lb /><lb />$49 U.S. and Canada, $59 other countries with a subscription<lb />to Readers'Guide or ed ReadersT Guide<lb /><lb />($69/$79 without a subscription).<lb /><lb />Anew video that makes teaching and learnin<lb /><lb />the use of ReadersT Guide and Abridged Re s<lb />Guide easy and enjoyable, this color production<lb />offers a step-by-step introduction on how to use<lb />ReadersT Guide with the periodicals holdings and<lb />other reference materials of the library.<lb /><lb />VERTICAL FILE INDEX<lb /><lb />Expanded with New "Current Topics" Section<lb /><lb />Now expanded to include up-to-date references to<lb /><lb />prone articles covering the issues behind today's<lb />eadlines, VFI will supplement its main pamphlet<lb /><lb />index with a Current Topics section listing citations<lb /><lb />to articles in hundreds of general interest<lb /><lb />periodicals. Coverage begins January 1987.<lb /><lb />SOCIAL SCIENCES INDEX<lb /><lb />Study Completed<lb />The in-depth study of Social Sciences Index"<lb />conducted by the ~s Committee on the Wilson<lb /><lb />Indexes" is now complete. As a result, 68 periodicals<lb />have been added for a total of 353 periodicals to be<lb />indexed, beginning with the June 1987 issue.<lb /><lb />New Databases on WILSONLINE�<lb /><lb />Call the toll-free number below for<lb /><lb />a rate schedule and order form.<lb /><lb />Two new databases have been added to the<lb />WILSONLINE information retrieval system, for<lb />a total of 24 databases in all:<lb /><lb />e Essay and General Literature<lb /><lb />e Vertical File Index<lb /><lb />WILSONDISC<lb /><lb />Now, search 12 WILSONDISC databases on compact<lb />disc and online" all for one affordable price. Eac<lb />database is available on a separate disc, updated<lb />and cumulated quarterly. Call toll-free for complete<lb />details and prices.<lb /><lb />Demonstration Disc Available<lb /><lb />Containing 6 months of indexing from each of 16<lb />databases, this demo disc is available for only $99,<lb />applicable to your first invoice for an annual<lb />database subscription.<lb /><lb />WILSONLINE WORKSTATION<lb /><lb />So eae of the hardware needed to use<lb />WILSONDISC, WILSONLINE, and WILSEARCH,T this<lb />package includes an IBM* PC XT, Proprinter, color<lb />monitor, modem, Philips CD player, and all of the<lb />peripherals. At $4,995 the Workstation package<lb />includes free installation, a day of training, anda<lb /><lb />full year of IBM on-site maintenance or component<lb />replacement. Available only inU.S. and Puerto Rico.<lb /><lb />TO ORDER CALL TOLL-FREE: 1-800-367-6770<lb /><lb />In New York State call 1-800-462-6060;<lb />in Canada call collect 212-588-8400.<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"17<lb /></p>
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        <p>
          <lb />
          <lb />Are Ethnic Minority Public Librarians<lb />Becoming an Endangered Species?<lb /><lb />A Look at Fourteen Public Library Systems in North Carolina.<lb /><lb />Sylvia Sprinkle-Hamlin and Myra K. Worrell<lb /><lb />The public library system in North Carolina<lb />has undergone major changes and improvements<lb />in the last twelve years. Some of these changes<lb />have included on-line databases, computerized<lb />circulation systems, and the use of networking to<lb />improve library services. Even though there have<lb />been technological advances, there are still more<lb />changes in the areas of recruitment and person-<lb />nel development that need to be addressed. The<lb />administrations of larger library systems (ie,<lb />those which serve populations of at least 75,000)<lb />are dominated by white males. According to the<lb />1980 census, twenty four per cent of North Caro-<lb />linaTs population is ethnic/minority. Consequent-<lb />ly, there should be a concern that few ethnic/<lb />minorities in these systems are in policy-making<lb />positions which can affect the future of public<lb />library services.<lb /><lb />This concern was expressed on a national<lb />level in 1974 when the Black Caucus of the Amer-<lb />ican Library Association conducted a survey of<lb />twenty-four leading libraries throughout the Uni-<lb />ted States. Twenty-two libraries responded and of<lb />the twenty-two, ten were public libraries which<lb />served large ethnic/minority communities. The<lb />combined total of professional librarians em-<lb />ployed by the ten systems was 2,383. Of that<lb />number only 185 were ethnic/minority.!<lb /><lb />This article is based on a study conducted by<lb />the authors, the purpose of which was to look at<lb />fourteen North Carolina county and regional pub-<lb />lic library systems, the demographics of the popu-<lb />lations they serve, and the number of professional<lb />ethnic/minority librarians they employ. The study<lb />focused on systems which serve a population of<lb />75,000 or more, whose local ethnic/minority popu-<lb />lation is 20% or more, and whose staff consists of<lb />five or more librarians holding the M.L.S. degree.<lb />This study also determined the existence of affirm-<lb />ative action programs in the fourteen library sys-<lb />tems, and considered future trends in employ-<lb /><lb />Sylvia Sprinkle-Hamlin is associate director and Myra K. Wor-<lb />rell is head of childrenTs outreach for the Forsyth County Pub-<lb />lic Library System, Winston-Salem, NC.<lb /><lb />18"Spring 1987<lb /><lb />ment and/or upward mobility for professional<lb />ethnic/minority librarians in their systems.<lb />Thirteen questionnaires were mailed to library<lb />directors. Twelve responded. In addition, six<lb />other systems were contacted by telephone. The<lb />libraries which responded were Central Regional,<lb />Craven-Pamlico-Carteret Regional, Chapel Hill<lb />Municipal, Charlotte-Mecklenburg County, Cum-<lb />berland County, Durham County, Forsyth County,<lb />Gaston-Lincoln Regional, Guilford County, Hyco-<lb />neechee Regional, Neuse Regional, New Hanover<lb />County, Onslow County, Pitt County, Rockingham<lb />County, Rowan County, Sandhills Regional, and<lb />Wake County. Only those library systems which<lb />met the criteria were included in the study.<lb />The questionnaire asked for the following<lb />information:<lb />@ Number of professional librarians em-<lb />ployed by the library system.<lb />@ Number of professional ethnic/minorities<lb />employed by the library system.<lb />© Number of professional librarians in top<lb />and middle management.<lb />@ Number of professional ethnic/minority<lb />librarians in top and middle management.<lb />© Outlook for upward mobility and/or pro-<lb />motion of ethnic/minorities.<lb />© Whether or not a written affirmative action<lb />policy exists in the system.<lb /><lb />The combined total of professionals employed<lb />by the fourteen systems is two hundred fifty-two,<lb />of which twenty-nine are ethnic/minorities. One<lb />hundred twenty-five of the two hundred fifty-two<lb />professionals are in middle management. Seven-<lb />teen of those are ethnic/minorities. There are for-<lb />ty-one professionals in top management and<lb />three are ethnic/minorities. (See Table I.)<lb /><lb />Findings recorded on Table I reflect the dis-<lb />proportionate number of professional ethnic/<lb />minority librarians employed in North Carolina in<lb />1986. It is obvious that the level of employment of<lb />ethnic/minority librarians has remained rela-<lb />tively unchanged compared to the findings of the<lb />1974 ALA Black Caucus Survey. That survey<lb /></p>
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        <p>reported that twelve years ago the Durham<lb />County Public Library employed fifteen profes-<lb />sional librarians, four of whom were ethnic/mi-<lb />norities. In 1986 there are twenty-five profession-<lb />al were librarians in the system, six of whom are<lb />ethnic/minorities. Fifteen of these professionals<lb />are in middle management, and four of the fifteen<lb />are ethnic/minorities. In top management there<lb />were two professional librarians in 1974 and one<lb />was ethnic/minority. In 1986 there are six profes-<lb />sional librarians in top management and one is<lb />ethnic/minority. Durham County Public reported<lb />to the ALA survey in 1974 that the outlook for<lb />upward mobility and promotion of ethnic/minor-<lb />ities was good.2 However twelve years later it<lb />appears that the outlook is not as good. Accord-<lb />ing to the library director, the fact that opportun-<lb />ities seem to come infrequently for all profes-<lb />sionals and the lack of turnover may account for<lb />a dimmer outlook.<lb /><lb />Studies have shown a gradual decline in the<lb />number of ethnic/minorities graduating from<lb />accredited library schools. Three-fourths of the<lb />respondents who participated in this study felt<lb />that there is a paucity of applications received<lb />from ethnic/minorities who hold the M.LS.<lb />degree. According to the director of Wake County<lb />Public Library in his response to the study's ques-<lb />tionnaire, vacancies are advertised in national<lb />Publications, on the state level, and in all library<lb />schools east of the Mississippi. However, the<lb />response of ethnic/minorities remains low. Other<lb />directors indicated that salaries are not attrac-<lb /><lb />tive enough to draw top ethnic/minority candi-<lb />dates.<lb /><lb />All of the participants in the study expressed<lb />a desire to employ more professional ethnic/<lb />minority librarians in their systems. In spite of the<lb />fact that there is an apparent lack of professional<lb />ethnic/minority applicants, several of the library<lb />systems indicated that they are seeking ways to<lb />address this concern. Seven of the fourteen sys-<lb />tems surveyed have written affirmative action<lb />policies. Several directors foresee employment<lb />and upward mobility of ethnic/minorities through<lb />expansion of facilities and creation of new posi-<lb />tions. Some indicated that they employ ethnic/<lb />minorities in paraprofessional positions. Forsyth<lb />County, Wake County, Neuse Regional, and New<lb />Hanover County stated that they currently have<lb />in their employ paraprofessionals who are pursu-<lb />ing the M.LS. degree. The administrations of these<lb />libraries encourage and support the efforts of<lb />these employees. Upon completing their degrees,<lb />the status of the paraprofessionals may be<lb />upgraded to that of professional librarian.<lb /><lb />In reviewing the data of this survey it is evi-<lb />dent that the key to solving the problem of the<lb />shortage of ethnic/minority public librarians is<lb />not beyond our reach. All of the in favor of<lb />employment of ethnic minority librarians if quali-<lb />fied applicants could be found. However, the<lb />authors feel that library administrators should be<lb />actively involved in recruiting ethnic/minority<lb />librarians for their systems. Ethnic/ minority<lb />librarians already employed by a system could<lb />possibly serve as resources for attracting like<lb />candidates. Most of the systems surveyed indi-<lb />cated that they wanted only superior ethnic/<lb />minority candidates; however, it is difficult to find<lb /><lb />TABLE I.<lb />1986 Survey of N.C. Public Library Systems<lb /><lb />aE ttEtEttSy SSS<lb /><lb />eee ee ee<lb /><lb />Total No. of<lb /><lb />% Minority of Professionals<lb /><lb />Library System Population Served* In System ©<lb />Central Regional 21.0 8<lb />Charlotte-Mecklenburg 27.9 46<lb />C-P-C Regional 22.0 7<lb />Cumberland County 36.0 23<lb />Durham County 37.3 25<lb />Forsyth County 25.0 40<lb />Guilford County 26.0 26<lb />Hyconeechee Reg. 25.0 5<lb />Neuse Regional 40.0 11<lb />New Hanover Co. 22.3 9<lb />Pitt County 35.0 6<lb />Rockingham Co. 20.9 9<lb />Sandhills Reg. 32.0 tf<lb />Wake County 23.2 30<lb /><lb />Total No.<lb />of Minority Total Management Total No. of Minorities<lb />Professionals In System In Management<lb />In System Middle Top Middle Top<lb />0 ti ~I 0 0<lb />"f 23 6 6 0<lb />0 4 3 0 0<lb />1 9 4 0 0<lb />6 15 6 4 1<lb />7 18 4 3 it<lb />2 10 4 1 0<lb />1 3 1 1 0<lb />2 4 2 1 ih<lb />0 3 5 0 0<lb />0 5 1 0 0<lb />0 4 I 0 0<lb />0 6 1 0 0<lb />3 14 2 1 0<lb /><lb />*Source: North Carolina State Government Statistical Abstract. Fifth Ed., 1984.<lb /><lb />a eee<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"19<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0026" />
        <p>superior applicants even among the dominant<lb />ethnic population. The authors suggest that it is<lb />possible to hire the average ethnic/minority<lb />applicant and develop him or her into a superior<lb />employee by providing quality work experiences<lb />and exposure to exemplary mentors.<lb /><lb />According to Dr. Benjamin Speller, Dean of<lb />the School of Library and Information Sciences,<lb />North Carolina Central University, oPractitioners<lb />need to be more concerned about recruitment<lb />issues than they have been historically. The major<lb />effort for recruitment must be made by those in<lb />the profession who are close to sources of poten-<lb />tial librarians"school librarians, college and uni-<lb />versity librarians and public librarians. All major<lb /><lb />FOURTH-OF- JULY<lb /><lb />SEF Ye hi Bat<lb /><lb />sections, roundtables and committees of the<lb />North Carolina Library Association should have<lb />as one of their top priorities active participation<lb />in the process of recruitment, admissions, enroll-<lb />ment, and education of minority librarians. This<lb />action would insure quality library and informa-<lb />tion service for all citizens of North Carolina and<lb />increase everyone's quality of life as well.�<lb /><lb />References<lb /><lb />1. EJ. Josey, oAffirmative Action for Blacks and Other<lb />Minority Librarians,� Negro History Bulletin 38 (June 1975):<lb />423-27.<lb /><lb />2. Ibid.<lb /><lb />3. Dr. Benjamin Speller, Jr., oMinority Representation in<lb />Librarianship: Some Problematic Facts,� REMCO Newsletter 3<lb />(Winter 1987):4-5. a<lb /><lb />April Fools Day<lb /><lb />A ~Tead all ©<lb />About if<lb /><lb />READING TIME ENCORE! is the title of the ChildrenTs Book CouncilTs newest year-round reading encouragement program.<lb />Full-color, 11%� x 17� posters by Eileen Christelow for the Fourth of July (on the left) and by Hans Wilhelm for April FoolTs Day (on<lb /><lb />the right) are part of a humorous and thoughtful eight-poster set that includes two posters each by Molly Bang, Fileen Christelow,<lb />Petra Mathers, and Hans Wilhelm. For a brochure that includes prices and ordering information, and shows the posters in<lb />full-color, send a 22¢-stamped, self-addressed, #10 envelope to CBC, 67 Irving Place, New York, NY 10003.<lb /><lb />20"Spring 1987<lb /><lb /></p>
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        <p>EE<lb /><lb />New Opportunities, New Choices:<lb />Some Observations About Libraries<lb />in North Carolina<lb /><lb />Ruth M. Katz<lb /><lb />a<lb /><lb />This article is one personTs assessment of<lb />librarianship and the issues that need attention<lb />now. It is not a review of the literature. The focus<lb />is North Carolina, but readers should generalize<lb />to other states and regions whenever their per-<lb />sonal experience suggests that is appropriate.<lb />Some of the changes suggested may not seem like<lb />they would benefit women and minorities but, in<lb />our profession, all changes directly or indirectly<lb />affect these groups. If I exaggerate slightly and<lb />use other literary devices to make my points, I<lb />know that readers will be understanding and<lb />patient.<lb /><lb />Concerns about employment, legislation, and<lb />other topics relating to the participation of<lb />women and minorities in society continue to<lb />attract scholarly, media, and political attention in<lb />this country. The range of topics addressed in this<lb />issue of North Carolina Libraries is evidence of<lb />the continuing concern. Evidence of interest<lb />abounds at the national level and in North Caro-<lb />lina. Evidence of action is somewhat more diffi-<lb />cult to detect.<lb /><lb />Key Terms and Concepts<lb /><lb />It is useful to begin with definitions of terms<lb />that will further clarify what this article is about.<lb />oMinority� is a word that I think frequently is mis-<lb />used. Minority is a relative term, relative to what-<lb />ever the majority is. In librarianship, men are a<lb />minority group. For our purposes, minority<lb />groups include Blacks, Native Americans, Hispan-<lb />ics, Asians and Pacific Islanders, persons with<lb />visual, hearing, motor or mental impairments,<lb />and veterans. This definition may be unsatisfac-<lb />tory because some ethnic, racial, and cultural<lb />groups are not present in large numbers in North<lb />Carolina and because of the other groups in-<lb />cluded in the definition.<lb /><lb />A newer and more helpful concept is that of<lb />representativeness which, if applied in North<lb /><lb />Ruth M. Katz is director of Joyner Library, East Carolina Uni-<lb />versity, Greenville, N.C.<lb /><lb />Carolina libraries, suggests that our work force<lb />should be representative of the diverse popula-<lb />tion in our state and region and therefore, repre-<lb />sentative of the clientele we serve. Civil service<lb />and other public sector units cannot claim organ-<lb />izational responsiveness without a representative<lb />work force. Affirmative action to achieve repre-<lb />sentativeness can be effective. These ideas and<lb />others about the concept of representativeness in<lb />the civil service and its relation to equal oppor-<lb />tunity and affirmative action are discussed in a<lb />thought-provoking article by Nesta Gallas."<lb /><lb />One additional term should be clarified.<lb />oChange� is not only a positive concept but also a<lb />prerequisite to organizational responsiveness.<lb />Employees in libraries and other organizations<lb />often talk about the desirability of a stable work<lb />situation as if this were the equivalent of eternal<lb />peace and security. In fact, a stable organization<lb />is one that is changing at approximately the same<lb />rate as the factors in its environment (e.g. in the<lb />economy, the population) and as its competition<lb />(e.g. other municipal departments, computer cen-<lb />ters). An organization that does not change is not<lb />stable; it is out of touch and losing ground quickly.<lb />How nice for those old-timers who like to remind<lb />us that the more things change the more they<lb />remain the same, at least in relation to one<lb />another.<lb /><lb />Obstacles to the ObserverTs Work<lb /><lb />By now it should be clear that I believe that<lb />representativeness and change are necessary to<lb />maintain responsive, effective and stable library<lb />organizations. How are we doing in North Caro-<lb />lina? I do plan to answer the question but want to<lb />address two general problems that tend to<lb />impede analysis and progress. First, we do not<lb />have very much data about personnel resources<lb />in North Carolina libraries. We tend to know the<lb />gender of the directors and top administrators<lb />because their names appear in directories. This is<lb />useful information to which I will refer subse-<lb />quently in a later section of the article; but the<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"21<lb /></p>
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        <p>greatest chance for representativeness comes<lb />from the bottom of the organization and not from<lb />the top. We need to know something about the<lb />people who have been hired, during 1985 and<lb />1986 for example, and how they compare in sev-<lb />eral ways with those who retired or otherwise left<lb />the organization during that same time period<lb />and with those who remain with the organization.<lb />This analysis would give us good data about the<lb />likelihood of change and its direction and, per-<lb />haps, is a better indicator of affirmative action as<lb />practiced by a library's current leadership than<lb />are data for the entire library staff, many of whom<lb />may have been employed there for decades.<lb /><lb />Because the largest number of library em-<lb />ployees are not librarians but rather paraprofes-<lb />sionals and other technical and support per-<lb />sonnel, we need to include this large and valuable<lb />group in our data collection. At a time when the<lb />North Carolina Office of State Personnel (OSP)<lb />and its Pay Systems Task Force are recommend-<lb />ing changes in the pay plan to reflect the oprevail-<lb />ing labor market(s) with which the state com-<lb />petes for employees,� we have no data to offer<lb />and no basis for knowing whether library staff<lb />members are likely to fare poorly or well when<lb />such data are available. Keep in mind that the<lb />Office of State Personnel sets salaries for library<lb />support staff employed by the sixteen University<lb />of North Carolina System campuses and for<lb />employees of the Division of State Library. The<lb />likelihood exists that the Office of State Personnel<lb />will collect data about library salaries in munici-<lb />palities, private universities and corporations and<lb />use this to the possible detriment of another<lb />group of library staff members. Can we not find<lb />library staff who think it is important to study<lb />municipal and state civil service systems in North<lb />Carolina so that we can make our feelings known<lb />about the adequacy of job specifications and pay<lb />grades?<lb /><lb />Change is not only a positive<lb />concept but also a prerequi-<lb />site to organizational respon-<lb />siveness.<lb /><lb />A second general problem is that the continu-<lb />ing emphasis on otypes� of libraries is counter-<lb />productive because libraries vary as much or<lb />more by size than they do by type. In a multitype<lb />library environment, the emphasis can be on facil-<lb />ities, services, collections, personnel, and the<lb />like"areas in which both change and representa-<lb />tiveness are more likely to occur and to be mea-<lb /><lb />22"Spring 1987<lb /><lb />surable. In North Carolina, we have talked about<lb />multitype networks and we are implementing a<lb />state network, but commitment to the concept is<lb />lacking. As always, lack of commitment indicates<lb />lack of profession-wide consensus on goals, and<lb />the result is lack of funding.<lb /><lb />It probably is helpful and only slightly risky to<lb />look at progress toward representativeness and<lb />change among basic types of libraries and library-<lb />related organizations in North Carolina. Those<lb />readers who are research-oriented and looking<lb />for a model or a continuum are bound to be dis-<lb />appointed with the level of analysis that follows.<lb /><lb />First, the Good News<lb /><lb />The good news is that university libraries and<lb />school libraries appear to be taking the lead in<lb />library development in North Carolina. As noted<lb />above, the matter of representativeness, as I have<lb />defined the term, is difficult to assess because<lb />data are not readily available. This is not to say<lb />that each university and school system does not<lb />collect data about its staff or would not make<lb />such data available if requested to do so.<lb /><lb />If we expand the concept of representative-<lb />ness as I would like to do, we would look at the<lb />filled professional positions in each library and<lb />ask some of the following questions: How many<lb />librarians have had experience working in states<lb />other than North Carolina? How many have<lb />worked in more than one type of library? How<lb />many different library schools are represented<lb />among the MLS graduates on the staff? Are there<lb />any staff members who were born in a country<lb />other than the United States? Are there Black<lb />employees on the professional or the support<lb />staff who are from New Jersey or the Midwest (for<lb />example) as well as from North Carolina or Geor-<lb />gia? If we look only at university library directors,<lb />then progress will be hard to detect. Among the<lb />six largest University of North Carolina System<lb />libraries and the two largest private university<lb />libraries, only one is directed by a woman. (Hope-<lb />fully, the number will double by the time this arti-<lb />cle appears in print.) At the assistant/associate<lb />director and department/branch head level, the<lb />mix is increasingly good, and women, but not<lb />Blacks, are well represented. For appointments<lb />made within recent memory (about five years),<lb />the quality of the appointees appears to be very<lb />high.<lb /><lb />Among the historically or predominantly<lb />Black institutions, judgments about library devel-<lb />opment can be made by watching two key factors:<lb />the qualifications of a recently appointed director<lb />and the representativeness of the library staff. At<lb /></p>
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        <p>present, only four of eleven Black institutions<lb />have female library directors. While the private<lb />Black colleges appear to be in a continuous strug-<lb />gle to remain in operation, the five institutions<lb />that are part of the University of North Carolina<lb />System are doing very well; four of them have new<lb />libraries or library expansions under construc-<lb />tion or in the planning stage. Library development<lb />at these schools bears watching.<lb /><lb />Representativeness among school librarians<lb />can be assumed because the group is so large in<lb />number. Because each library is small, the most<lb />practical units for analysis would be all the librar-<lb />ians in a school district, the eight Regional Educa-<lb />tion Center school media program consultants,<lb />and all the librarians (other than those at the<lb />regional centers) employed by the State Depart-<lb />ment of Public Instruction (SDPI). The qualifica-<lb />tions and the number of school librarians will<lb />continue to increase through the efforts of SDPI,<lb />the North Carolina Association of School Librar-<lb />ians (NCASL), and the State Legislature.<lb /><lb />How ironic that academic librarians, so often<lb />thought to be elitest in attitude, and school librar-<lb />ians, often ignored by their professional col-<lb />leagues working in other settings, should be<lb />leader of the library pack! These two groups are<lb />acting as if multitype library cooperation and<lb />networking are both real and desirable.<lb /><lb />The universities, especially the sixteen Uni-<lb />versity of North Carolina campuses and Duke<lb />University, will soon have operational online<lb />catalogs and circulation systems. Their biblio-<lb />graphic files are included in the North Carolina<lb />Online Union Catalog where they will be accessi-<lb />ble to librarians and library users at many smaller<lb />libraries through dial access. High schools in the<lb />Charlotte/Mecklenburg County School System<lb />use OCLC for cataloging and their holdings are<lb />included in the statewide network. High schools<lb />in several areas of the state have expressed inter-<lb />est in terminal access to the online catalog at a<lb />nearby University of North Carolina campus.<lb />These activities are happening at a time when<lb />proposals for school-college partnerships are<lb />being put forward by education critics and<lb />planners. In this state, a recent report about the<lb />professional preparation of teachers makes sev-<lb />eral recommendations for strengthening the rela-<lb />tionship between the public schools and teacher<lb />education programs.T Libraries are not men-<lb />tioned in the report, but any librarian reading it<lb />will find much to think about in terms of work to<lb />be done. Our own literature is addressing the<lb />same topic, especially as it becomes increasingly<lb />clear that each school library cannot hope to have<lb /><lb />the resources needed to support fully the profes-<lb />sional needs of teachers and other school per-<lb />sonnel, the increasingly complex and compre-<lb />hensive curriculum requirements of the Basic<lb />Education Plan, and the necessary range of biblio-<lb />graphic instruction programs. Academic libraries<lb />open ninety hours or more weekly with special-<lb />ized collections, staff with expertise in many sub-<lb />ject areas, and a full range of facilities are<lb />valuable partners for school libraries, especially<lb />high school libraries. The benefit to the academic<lb />libraries will come from sharing ideas and expe-<lb />riences and from working with colleagues who are<lb />knowedgeable about curriculum materials and<lb />about teaching.<lb /><lb />Other areas of mutual interest to school and<lb />academic libraries are the increasingly creative<lb />uses of microcomputers for library management<lb />and instruction and for listing and scheduling<lb />films and other audiovisual materials and equip-<lb />ment, programs for gifted and talented students,<lb />and a willingness to experiment with electronic<lb />mail and telefacsimile services. Shared interests<lb />make shared staff development programs possi-<lb />ble"a real boon to librarians not located in the<lb />major metropolitan areas.<lb /><lb />Approaching Good News<lb /><lb />The more visible and stronger leadership role<lb />for the Division of State Library should be good<lb />news for North Carolina librarians. The State<lb />Librarian has used every opportunity to fill open<lb />positions in such a way that representativeness<lb />among the staff is increasing. Recent hires have<lb />come from good experience in other parts of the<lb />country and from several different library schools.<lb />Best of all, the organization is becoming more<lb />functional with less emphasis on type-of-library<lb />consulting. Also contributing to improving the en-<lb />vironment for multitype library cooperation are<lb />efforts to include school and academic library<lb />participants in various networking efforts while<lb />these are still in a planning or pilot project stage<lb />of development. Meetings with representatives of<lb />the University of North Carolina Library Directors<lb />Council (an advisory group for the Vice President<lb />for Academic Affairs), with OCLC officials, and<lb />with SDPI Media and Technology Services staff<lb />have, I think, produced both the good will and the<lb />broad political base necessary for legislative<lb />approvals and appropriations. Greater State<lb />Library involvement in projects that show co-<lb />operation among state agencies and benefits to<lb />many parts of the state enhances the reputation<lb />of the Division and the Department of Cultural<lb />Resources in the minds of elected officials. Prog-<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"23<lb /></p>
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        <p>ress of this kind should not be underestimated.<lb /><lb />If there is one group of State Library activi-<lb />ties that never seems to change, evolve, or other-<lb />wise inch forward, it is those activities concerned<lb />with public libraries. The problem is that, in North<lb />Carolina, public libraries apparently are defined<lb />narrowly as being municipal (city, county) librar-<lb />ies. The federal government defines opublic li-<lb />brary� much more broadly to mean oa library that<lb />serves free of charge all residents of a community,<lb />district, or region, and receives its financial sup-<lb />port in whole or in part from public funds.� This<lb />broader definition seems to include school, aca-<lb />demic, and community college libraries located<lb />within publicly supported systems and institu-<lb />tions. Consider this. Citizens in need of materials,<lb />facilities, or subject expertise are more interested<lb />in getting what they need from the most conven-<lb />ient source in which they have confidence. They<lb />donTt care about jurisdictional disputes, e.g. you<lb />canTt come to my library because it is paid for by<lb />the higher education system and therefore serves<lb />only college students, faculty, and staff. (What<lb />about the spouse of the faculty member? Will the<lb />local opublic� library and the college split the cost<lb />of providing service to this person?)<lb /><lb />The continuing emphasis on<lb />o~types�T of libraries is coun-<lb />terproductive.<lb /><lb />The point that I am trying to make is that it is<lb />contradictory for the State Library to promote<lb />multitype library cooperation while, at the same<lb />time, continuing to direct a considerable amount<lb />of its attention and money to city and county<lb />libraries. Perhaps the worst example of this prac-<lb />tice is the publication FLASH! which the State<lb />Library sends to opublic� libraries only. Direct<lb />requests to be added to the mailing list have been<lb />turned down. In FLASH! and/or in Tar Heel<lb />Libraries are announcements that indicate that<lb />information about grant programs, books with-<lb />drawn from the State Library and the like will be<lb />sent to opublic library directors� or will be avail-<lb />able to o public libraries.� Other libraries want this<lb />information too, perhaps to suggest a joint proj-<lb />ect idea to a reluctant public library director. The<lb />time has come, I think, for the State Library to<lb />support libraries that (a) serve a broader range of<lb />users than their expected type-of-library clien-<lb />tele, (b) serve as a resource for other libraries and<lb />(c) participate in regional (bring back the ZOCs!)<lb />and/or statewide multitype cooperative projects.<lb />Staffing at the State Library should be redirected<lb /><lb />24"Spring 1987<lb /><lb />accordingly. We need collection specialists and<lb />facilities planners, not consultants who arrive in a<lb />community that has a dozen libraries and visit<lb />only one.<lb /><lb />Some of the News is Bad<lb /><lb />If readers have any sympathy at all for the<lb />view that one weakness of the State Library is its<lb />historical commitment to being the Division of<lb />Public Libraries, then perhaps there will be no<lb />violence in response to the suggestion that city<lb />and county public libraries are the biggest obsta-<lb />cle to multitype library networks, to new roles for<lb />the State Library and to library progress in North<lb />Carolina generally. Strong words, I know.<lb /><lb />Public libraries appear to lag behind other<lb />types of libraries in terms of representativeness. It<lb />is well known that only one of the seven largest<lb />public libraries in North Carolina has a woman as<lb />director. I suspect that many senior public librar-<lb />ians at the assistant/associate director and<lb />department/branch head levels havenTt ever<lb />crossed the state line to work in another library.<lb />Many have made only lateral moves within the<lb />state or have been in the same job for fifteen years<lb />or more. Surely most people reach a plateau in<lb />each job they hold, a point beyond which no sub-<lb />stantial learning takes place and no new chal-<lb />lenges are found. Absence of change is as bad for<lb />people as it is for organizations. At the very least,<lb />upward mobility of younger librarians is limited,<lb />and the best of the new professionals may leave<lb />North Carolina for another state. Without ade-<lb />quate information about the characteristics of<lb />library staffs, it is unknown whether minorities<lb />and other persons representative of the clientele<lb />served are present in reasonable numbers among<lb />public library staffs. As with academic libraries,<lb />the more visible public library positions do not<lb />seem to have the level of representativeness that<lb />would benefit our profession.<lb /><lb />Without question, public libraries contribute<lb />greatly to the cultural, social and educational life<lb />in our state. Their staffs work under sometimes<lb />difficult financial and political constraints to<lb />respond to the needs of their communities. I do<lb />think, however, that there are three groups (for<lb />lack of a better word) associated with municipal<lb />public libraries that affect progress toward a<lb />more cooperative statewide library environment.<lb />These groups are trustees, Friends (especially the<lb />Statewide group), and the Public Library Direc-<lb />tors Association. These groups, I think, promote<lb />public libraries to the extent that there is a nega-<lb />tive effect on other libraries and on community<lb />attitudes toward multitype library cooperation.<lb /></p>
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        <p>Trustees rightly advise and support the library in<lb />its local area, but some trustees are overly enthu-<lb />Siastic in persuading local officials, businesses,<lb />and legislators to support projects that benefit<lb />Only one library and, even that, on a temporary<lb />basis. At the state level, some of the pork barrel<lb />allocations to public libraries may do more harm<lb />than good. If a local library cannot exist without a<lb />few thousand dollars obtained each year by a<lb />helpful state legislator, then that community's<lb />need and support for the library must be very<lb />Weak.<lb /><lb />Friends of the Library groups do a very good<lb />Job for the public and academic libraries they<lb />Support. It is the state and national organizations<lb />that concern me because they were founded to<lb />promote municipal libraries. Although some state-<lb />Wide Friends groups are changing to a broader<lb />emphasis, I continue to believe that libraries can<lb />do without them. The American Library Associa-<lb />tion also has made several efforts to help publicly<lb />funded libraries obtain support from business<lb />and industry and from other sources. Whether or<lb />not these have been fully or partially successful, I<lb />think that they serve mainly to distract attention<lb />from the need for strong, ongoing state and local-<lb />level funding support for publicly funded librar-<lb />ies. A library ofriend� must do more than raise<lb />Money. Raising consciousness about library staff-<lb />ing and the need for services to all segments of the<lb />community would be a very friendly gesture.<lb /><lb />Perhaps someone can explain why there is a<lb />Public Library Directors Association. IsnTt the<lb />Public Libraries Section of NCLA adequate for the<lb /><lb />needs of public librarians, whatever their job<lb />titles?<lb /><lb />A Candidate for Change<lb /><lb />Surely the most change-resistant organiza-<lb />tion of them all is the North Carolina Library<lb />Association. It is our very own immovable object.<lb />If there is such a thing as imitation representa-<lb />tiveness, NCLA has it. Rotating the presidency<lb />among type-of-library candidates is not only a<lb />contrived mechanism, but it also suggests that<lb />Natural selection doesnTt work, that the size of the<lb />talent pool in each category doesnTt matter, and<lb />that outstanding professional librarians must be<lb />interested in and knowedgeable about only the<lb />type of library in which they are presently<lb />employed. The rotation system is especially offen-<lb />Sive because of the two-year term of office. Pre-<lb />Sumably, when a public librarian becomes presi-<lb />dent of NCLA, there cannot be another president<lb />from a public library for at least six years (eight if<lb />4 special libraries section is added) even though<lb /><lb />the number of public librarians in North Carolina<lb />is large. Lack of representativeness is evident in<lb />other ways. Consider NCLA committee assign-<lb />ments. Why have some committees been chaired<lb />by the same person for long periods of time?<lb />Surely we have enough talent in the state to give<lb />new people a chance. Why have some people<lb />served on as many as five committees in a particu-<lb />lar biennium when other members have never<lb />been invited to serve? Consider NCLA round<lb />tables. Many readers will remember how recently<lb />the NCLA leadership expressed the opinion that<lb />there was no need for round tables concerned<lb />with women in librarianship and with ethnic<lb />minorities.<lb /><lb />Only one of the seven largest<lb />public libraries in North<lb />Carolina has a woman as<lb />director.<lb /><lb />The Futures Committee of NCLA presented a<lb />series of recommended changes to the NCLA<lb />Executive Board last fall. The Committee report<lb />has been sent to all members for their review. The<lb />report is very good and the changes recom-<lb />mended are the most basic changes needed to<lb />give NCLA new life. Nevertheless, early reports are<lb />that there is much resistance to change and much<lb />misinformation about the implications of the<lb />Futures Committee report. Not all of the present<lb />NCLA Board members are working in support of<lb />the needed changes. Perhaps it is inevitable that<lb />some of the people in charge now want to stick<lb />with the system that put them in charge. Mean-<lb />while, some of the sections have good leadership<lb />and good programs. They continue to serve their<lb />members and, except for financial matters, they<lb />have little reason to be involved with the NCLA<lb />superstructure.<lb /><lb />Unsung but Heroic Participants<lb /><lb />Special libraries in North Carolina are not<lb />mentioned as a group because so many of them<lb />are small and/or associated with a university<lb />library. All of the health sciences librarians are<lb />active in cooperative efforts and in professional<lb />activities. Representativeness for this group and<lb />for the private sector health industry libraries is<lb />managed by a minority group of sorts, librarians<lb />having one or more degrees in the sciences. The<lb />large special libraries associated with federal<lb />government agencies have participated in state-<lb />level activities when these were compatible with<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"25<lb /></p>
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        <p>agency mission and funding. Individual librarians<lb />give generously of their time in working with<lb />library education programs and in service on<lb />committees. Private sector special librarians usu-<lb />ally are receptive to inquiries about a role in net-<lb />working if placing their collection records in a<lb />public file is not required.<lb /><lb />The community and technical college librar-<lb />ies and learning resource centers are fortunate to<lb />have employed some of the most outstanding<lb />librarians and library managers in the state. How<lb />these fine and talented people are able to triumph<lb />in such difficult work environments is a puzzle to<lb />me. Surely community college librarians operate<lb />in the most political, most poorly supported<lb />(institution and state agency level), and most<lb />undermanaged organizational settings in all of<lb />North Carolina. Nevertheless, some individual<lb />librarians have brought their institutions and<lb />their staffs into valuable roles in multitype library<lb />activities, e.g. the Western North Carolina Library<lb />Association, the Cape Fear Region libraries. In the<lb />east and northeast, some of the community and<lb />technical colleges have provided a base for off-<lb />campus degree programs offered by East Carolina<lb />University and other universities, often without<lb />adequate support from the universities they<lb />serve. These relationships should strengthen as<lb />the value of the community college collections are<lb />more widely recognized, a process that will accel-<lb />erate now that most of the bibliographic records<lb />from community college collections are part of<lb />the North Carolina online union catalog.<lb /><lb />The Observer Concludes<lb /><lb />Without change and without representative-<lb />ness in staffing, there is not enough energy avail-<lb />able to get needed work done in libraries and in<lb />communities. All libraries have high visibility in<lb />whatever organizational setting they are in; the<lb />examples they provide with their staffing pat-<lb />terns, quality of management and planning, and<lb />statewide perspective will benefit our profession<lb />as well as other agencies of local, county and state<lb />government. Local officials and state legislators<lb />will be as impressed with our broader view of our<lb />mission as we think they are with our narrower<lb /><lb />one.<lb />References<lb /><lb />1. Gallas, Nesta M. oRepresentativeness: A New Merit Principle.�<lb />Public Personnel Management Journal. vol. 14, no. 1. Spring<lb /><lb />1985. p. 25-31.<lb />2. N.C. Office of State Personnel. Report of the Pay Systems Task<lb /><lb />Force. October, 1986. 15 p + attachments. (unpublished as of<lb /><lb />January 1987).<lb />3. The Board of Governors of the University of North Carolina.<lb /><lb />The Education of North CarolinaTs Teachers. A Report to the<lb /><lb />26"Spring 1987<lb /><lb />North Carolina General Assembly. From the Task Force on the<lb />Preparation of Teachers. November 14, 1986. 78 p.<lb /><lb />4. oLibrary Services and Construction,� U.S. Code, Title 20, pt.<lb />351a(5). 1982 ed. a<lb /><lb />Richard Peck<lb />Videotape Available<lb /><lb />The videotape of Richard PeckTs address to<lb />the North Carolina Association of School Librar-<lb />iansT convention on October 24 is currently avail-<lb />able. Send request, shipping address, and check<lb />for $15.00 to NCASL, Carol Southerland, 1902<lb />Oxford Road, Kinston, NC 28501. All<lb /><lb /><lb /><lb />Richard Peck discusses Are You in the House Alone? with one<lb /><lb />of the many school media coordinators who were fortunate to<lb />have the opportunity to chat with the noted author during the<lb /><lb />T NCASL convention in Winston-Salem last October.<lb /><lb /></p>
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        <p>
          <lb />
          <lb />The Female Public Library Director<lb /><lb />and Her Governing Board<lb />Dale W. Gaddis<lb /><lb />How do female administrators fare with<lb />governing boards? What are the disadvantages of<lb />being a female administrator competing for ade-<lb />quate funding and recognition for a growing and<lb />Vital organization? Are there ways to overcome<lb />the problem of being a woman in this environ-<lb />ment?<lb /><lb />Personally, I do not like to think in terms of<lb />gender differences, but prefer to think in terms of<lb />individual differences and the strengths and weak-<lb />nesses of a particular individual in a given situa-<lb />tion. Perhaps I fear that talking about what I<lb />Perceive as gender differences will encourage the<lb />Persistence of stereotyping all men and women<lb />according to these perceived differences. It seems<lb />to me that all situations and administrators are<lb />different and success in a given situation is not<lb />dependent on whether one is male or female.<lb />Rather, it depends on how well one understands<lb />the situation; oneTs own weaknesses and strengths<lb />in dealing with the situation; and on how well one<lb />utilizes the strengths of others to supplement<lb />OneTs own strengths, and compensate for oneTs<lb />Weaknesses.<lb /><lb />Upon examining certain facts relating to<lb />North Carolina public libraries, one begins to sus-<lb />pect, however, that there are disadvantages in<lb />being a female director of a public library. Forty of<lb />the seventy-two state funded public library sys-<lb />tems are directed by women. Only two of these<lb />directors are among the ten highest paid direc-<lb />tors in the state and only five are among the<lb />twenty highest paid. If one ranks libraries by the<lb />Population served, again only two of the top ten<lb />libraries are directed by women. Ranked accord-<lb />ing to size of budget, only one library among the<lb />top ten is directed by a woman. On the other<lb />hand, if the libraries are ranked according to per<lb />Capita operating support, seven of the top ten are<lb />directed by women.<lb /><lb />What does all of this mean? Without further<lb />research one can only suppose why so few women<lb />direct the large systems. It is relatively clear that<lb />because women are not in these jobs, they there-<lb />fore do not command the higher salaries paid by<lb /><lb />Dale W. Gaddis is director of the Durham County Public<lb />Library, Durham, NC.<lb /><lb />those systems. The high per capita support for<lb />libraries directed by women may indicate that<lb />women are effective at developing support for<lb />their libraries and do not have (or they are able to<lb />overcome) the disadvantages they often are pre-<lb />sumed to have in that effort.<lb /><lb />What are these presumed disadvantages?<lb /><lb />Generally speaking, women are often pre-<lb />sumed by themselves as well as by their governing<lb />boards, superiors, and colleagues not to be as<lb />competent as men in financial and technical<lb />areas.<lb /><lb />Women are smaller physically, and generally<lb />do not have a commanding presence. They are<lb />often presumed to be soft, easily cowed, and not<lb />make a fuss if not given what they request.<lb /><lb />Women are thought to be emotional, not logi-<lb />cal, reasonable. Men generally are presumed<lb />uncomfortable dealing with women as equals.<lb />Consequently, as women have entered the tradi-<lb />tional male strongholds in business and manage-<lb />ment, they have had difficulty breaking into the<lb />communication networks developed by men when<lb />women were the extreme minority in these fields.<lb /><lb />WomenTs work traditionally has not been<lb />valued as highly as menTs. oWomen can get by for<lb />less, because there is someone else supporting<lb />them� has, until recently, been the excuse.<lb /><lb />When I was selected to replace George Linder<lb />as director of the Durham County Library, I had<lb />some real fears that I would not be able to main-<lb />tain support for the library, both because I was a<lb />woman and because of my particular personality<lb />which I felt would work against me in my efforts<lb />to maintain that support. George Linder was a<lb />real fighter for the library; he attacked library<lb />support issues as if he were going into battle. I<lb />knew that I could not work that way; my person-<lb />ality and talents would not support that ap-<lb />proach. But I was not sure that my approach<lb />would be successful, and even had the fear that<lb />perhaps I was being selected by the County Man-<lb />ager for the position because he knew I would not<lb />fight in the same way and because he felt that he<lb />could control me.<lb /><lb />With regard to the supposed disadvantages<lb />of being a woman, I knew I was competent in<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"27<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0034" />
        <p>financial and technical areas. One advantage I<lb />had always had growing up was good aptitude in<lb />mathematics and logic. From my years in elemen-<lb />tary school, I can remember enjoying competing<lb />(particularly with boys) to win math contests or<lb />to receive the highest grades in the class.<lb />Although I did not pursue a technical education, I<lb />have always felt myself competent to understand<lb />the technical aspects of a problem. The only prob-<lb />lem I have encountered is that women are not<lb />assumed to have this competency, so it is neces-<lb />sary to demonstrate it or get an accepted author-<lb />ity to confirm it. Men on the other hand are often<lb />not required to demonstrate their competence,<lb />although in many cases, I have found that they<lb />should be.<lb /><lb />I am short. I am quiet. I am noncombative. To<lb />fight successfully for the library, I must compen-<lb />sate for these feminine characteristics or learn to<lb />use them to my advantage.<lb /><lb />I have found that the avenues for communi-<lb />cation with male colleagues and superiors are not<lb />as open to women as they are to other men. A<lb />business lunch or breakfast seems to be much<lb />more possible when the participants are of the<lb />same sex. Poker games are great times for estab-<lb />lishing rapport if one wishes to become one of the<lb />boys but I just cannot bring myself to do that. The<lb />most prestigious and powerful civic clubs in Dur-<lb />ham have persisted as dictated from the national<lb />level in excluding women from their membership<lb />rolls. This is perhaps the biggest disadvantage I<lb />have found in being a female administrator of a<lb />significant community organization. In Durham,<lb />most male County department heads and male<lb />heads of cultural and educational organizations<lb />belong to Rotary or Kiwanis Clubs, as do the<lb />influential male business leaders of the commun-<lb />ity. By not being able to belong, not only are my<lb />contacts not as easily established but the library<lb />does not have the visibility with business leaders<lb />that it otherwise might. My predecessor is still<lb />active in Kiwanis and maintains the library's high<lb />profile there. When he first retired, he tried to get<lb />male librarians on the staff to join the club to<lb />maintain the continuity of support that Kiwanis<lb />had provided over the years. To put it bluntly, this<lb />galled the heck out of me.<lb /><lb />Fortunately, in Durham, I have not encoun-<lb />tered the undervaluing of womenTs work that<lb />often occurs elsewhere. George Linder set the<lb />stage for higher salaries for the library director<lb />and for library employees generally. He demanded<lb />a high salary (for the time) when he came to Dur-<lb />ham, and this salary was maintained by him<lb />through a County reclassification and salary<lb /><lb />28"Spring 1987<lb /><lb />study done in the early 70's. Throughout his<lb />career, he fought hard for librariansT salaries.<lb />Because of my longevity with Durham County, I<lb />was able to maintain the salary level for the direc-<lb />torTs position when I came into the position. By<lb />the time a new reclassification study was done in<lb />1985, comparable worth and pay equity had<lb />become issues so that the new classification for<lb />the library directorTs position was put on a par<lb />with the CountyTs finance director. We have<lb />recently had a merit pay plan put into effect, with<lb />the prospect of future across the board raises fad-<lb />ing out of existence. Although future raises are to<lb />be based on an objective rating system, subjective<lb />judgment does enter into the awarding of the<lb />raises. It will be interesting to watch to see what<lb />effect if any this process will have on pay equity.<lb /><lb />A<lb />-.. Success in a given situation<lb /><lb />is not dependent on whether<lb /><lb />one is male or female.<lb />ness<lb /><lb />How can one maintain support for oneTs<lb />organization in spite of the disadvantages of being<lb />female? Rosabeth Moss Kantor in her book, Men<lb />and Women In The Corporation, claims that<lb />power is an important factor in achieving<lb />managerial success. She defines power as othe<lb />ability to get things done, to mobilize resources, to<lb />get and use whatever it is that a person needs for<lb />the goals he or she is attempting to meet.� Power<lb />is generated within the structure of oneTs job and<lb />is not a specific personality characteristic.<lb /><lb />How does one generate this power? I have<lb />thought quite a bit about this problem because of<lb />my own fears that I would not be successful in<lb />developing a strong power base, and have devel-<lb />oped the following list of principles and guidelines<lb />that I try to follow. The suggestions that I have to<lb />offer are valid for both men and women. Although<lb />supposedly women have unique disadvantages in<lb />the battle for gaining support for their organiza-<lb />tionsT programs, I have seen many men struggle in<lb />that same battle.<lb /><lb />1. Know yourself. What are your strengths<lb />and weaknesses? Do your weaknesses become<lb />strengths in certain situations and vice versa?<lb />What situations? Analyze what you can do to miti-<lb />gate the effect of your weaknesses, your disadvan-<lb />tages in a particular situation.<lb /><lb />2. Know your governing body. If possible, get<lb />to know them personally. Attend functions where<lb />they will be present. Read the newspaper reli-<lb />giously to keep up with what they are doing. Make<lb />the most out of meetings you attend to learn all<lb /></p>
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        <p>you can about them.<lb /><lb />County Commissioner meetings can be te-<lb />dious to attend, but I love to go to them. I only go<lb />when I have to, but when I am there I watch and<lb />listen very carefully to all that is going on. I want<lb />to know what people are asking for and how the<lb />Commissioners respond to their requests. I watch<lb />how these people make their requests and I try to<lb />correlate their methods and approaches to the<lb />CommissionersT responses. I want to know why<lb />the Commissioners give some people a very hard<lb />time while they respond to others enthusiastically<lb />and cordially. I look for individual differences<lb />among the Commissioners; what are their favorite<lb />causes, what are their favorite bones to pick, who<lb />are their friends, what are their alliances, what<lb />kinds of arguments or presentations sway them.<lb /><lb />3. Identify the individuals who will influence<lb />the decisions of the governing body, educate them<lb />to the libraryTs needs, and win their support.<lb /><lb />In Durham, the previous County Manager<lb />looked to the Finance Director for advice regard-<lb />ing most issues facing the library. If the library did<lb />not have the Finance Director's support, there<lb />was little chance of winning the support of the<lb />County Manager who in turn was the key to win-<lb />ning support from the County Commissioners.<lb />When the library administration made the deci-<lb />sion to recommend that SOLINET/OCLC be used<lb />for cataloging and retrospective conversion, the<lb />Finance Director and County Data Processing<lb />Director were taken to Greensboro to see the sys-<lb />tem up and running and to talk with their coun-<lb />terparts in Greensboro. Once they were educated<lb />in this way, they provided unconditional support<lb />to the libraryTs recommendation, which then was<lb />accepted by the County Manager and the Com-<lb />missioners.<lb /><lb />Power is generated within the<lb />structure of oneTs job and is<lb />not a specific personality<lb />characteristic.<lb /><lb />4. Sell yourself as the expert on library busi-<lb />ness. Prepare your reports and requests thor-<lb />oughly, and present them in a clear and precise<lb />manner. Know the answers to questions. If you do<lb />not know the subject thoroughly, bring your staff<lb />experts with you to provide the answers. If you<lb />cannot provide the answer at the meeting, admit<lb />that you do not know and follow up the next day<lb />with the answer. Do not answer questions that<lb />were not asked and be sure to answer the ques-<lb />tions that are asked. Do not waffle.<lb /><lb />5. Be sure you have touched all bases<lb />required in your situation. If your library is a<lb />department of local government, be sure you have<lb />contacted all other departments which require<lb />input or whose support is either required or<lb />desired by the governing body. Except in extreme<lb />circumstances when there may be a confronta-<lb />tion between your Library Board and the County<lb />or City Manager, do not go to the governing body<lb />without the support of both your Board and the<lb />Manager. In those extreme circumstances, let the<lb />Board make the request or presentation. I have<lb />found that the governing body in Durham will not<lb />act if all parties who may potentially be involved<lb />in the results of the action have not been con-<lb />sulted.<lb /><lb />6. Build the trust of those whose support you<lb />will require by maintaining open communications<lb />and giving your support when it is appropriate as<lb />well as requesting it.<lb /><lb />7. Create opportunities to educate your<lb />governing body and to thank them for their sup-<lb />port.<lb /><lb />For the last several years we have invited the<lb />County Commissioners, Manager, and Library<lb />Board to join us for lunch. One year, the lunch<lb />was hosted by the library division heads and the<lb />Board, and the Commissioners were given a tour<lb />of the main library including the behind the<lb />scenes activities. Since that year, the Commis-<lb />sioners have been invited to join the entire staff<lb />for lunch on Staff Development Day, and to take<lb />part in a limited way in the training activities (for<lb />example, vendor demonstrations of automated<lb />circulation systems).<lb /><lb />8. Operational rules often change in local<lb />government with change in management and<lb />change in elected officials. Be aware of the<lb />changes and how they affect your situation;<lb />whenever possible, use the new rules to your<lb />advantage.<lb /><lb />9. Garner public support, particularly sup-<lb />port from those on whom elected officials depend.<lb />Make sure the elected officials know there is pub-<lb />lic support for your program or request. Use your<lb />Library Board and Friends groups to contact offi-<lb />cials personally, particularly if you do not have<lb />regular personal contact yourself.<lb /><lb />I realized this past year the extreme impor-<lb />tance of this step in winning support of the<lb />governing body when the library attempted and<lb />failed to get new branch libraries on a major bond<lb />issue to fund county capital improvement proj-<lb />ects. Although I was complimented on my pre-<lb />sentation to the Commissioners regarding the<lb />libraryTs capital improvement needs, no one spoke<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"29<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0036" />
        <p>out in support of the requests at the public hear-<lb />ing. As a result, the library's requests remained<lb />low on the priority list and were not included on<lb />the bond issue. On the other hand, when only two<lb />individuals spoke out in support of another low<lb />priority item, that item was immediately moved to<lb />a high priority position.<lb /><lb />10. Use the library to sell itself. Develop pro-<lb />grams and services which will appeal to a broad<lb />segment of the community and which will attract<lb />people who will become spokespersons for the<lb />library. Use your staff to maintain a high profile<lb />for the library in the community through their<lb />involvement on interagency councils and regular<lb />contacts with other community institutions and<lb />businesses.<lb /><lb />11. When you are successful in getting sup-<lb />port from your governing body for your request,<lb />follow through and do what you said that you<lb />would do, and report back to the governing body<lb />the results of your efforts.<lb /><lb />READER<lb /><lb />; AS DESIGNATED BY CONGRES<lb /><lb />oLD RATHER BE READING�<lb />BOOKMARKS 100-200 @$10 per 100<lb />300-900 @$ 7 per 100<lb />1,000 or more @$ 4 per 100<lb />BUMPERSTICKERS 100-1000 @$15 per 100<lb />1,000-5,000 @$10 per 100<lb />5,000-10,000 @ $9.50 per 100<lb />SHOPPING BAGS 25-75. = @$10 per 25<lb />(plastic) 100-1,000 @ $30 per 100<lb />Over 1,000 @$19.50 per 100<lb />Same as Bumperstickers<lb />10-90  @ $5.25 per 10<lb />(50 sheets each) 100-900 @ $4.75 per 10<lb />Over 1,000 @ $9.50 per 100<lb />TOTAL ENCLOSED<lb /><lb />sje<lb />ais<lb />om<lb /><lb />zis<lb />Ss /=<lb />si?<lb /><lb />30"Spring 1987<lb /><lb />| WANT TO SPREAD THE GOOD WORD ABOUT<lb />PREPAID ORDERS PLEASE.<lb />Make Checks Payable &amp; Mail To:<lb /><lb />ssociation of American Publishers<lb />ept IRBR/CB<lb /><lb />20 East 23rd Street<lb /><lb />ew York, N.Y. 10010<lb /><lb />=<lb />=<lb />So<lb />nA<lb />=<lb /><lb />12. If you are not successful, do not give up.<lb />If your needs persist and your ideas are good,<lb />sometimes the only way to convince a governing<lb />body is to keep going back again and again. Do,<lb />however, reevaluate your request each time to see<lb />if there are alternate ways to reach the same goal<lb />which might be successful.<lb /><lb />Summary<lb /><lb />Although there may be disadvantages in<lb />being a female administrator in the effort to gain<lb />support from a governing body for the libraryTs<lb />program, these disadvantages do not necessarily<lb />preclude a female director from being successful<lb />in that effort. The key is understanding what<lb />those disadvantages are and developing a stra-<lb />tegy for overcoming them. The female director<lb />must have a clear understanding of herself and of<lb />the problem with which she is confronted, and<lb />she must take the steps to identify and utilize all<lb />resources that might be available to assist in the<lb />effort. al<lb /><lb />HD [LRA THER {] BE hill I<lb /><lb />a OW) ANCeLT |<lb /><lb />IS ON BOOKMARKS, I<lb />BUMPERSTICKERS, |<lb />SHOPPING BAGS AND MORE |<lb />FOR ALL YOUR<lb />LITERACY PROMOTIONS |<lb />IN 1987.<lb /><lb />oI'D RATHER BE READING�<lb /><lb />IS JOINTLY SPONSORED BY<lb />THE ASSOCIATION OF I<lb />AMERICAN PUBLISHERS AND |<lb />THE CENTER FOR THE BOOK<lb />IN THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.<lb /><lb />BOOKS.<lb /><lb /><lb /><lb />12) 689-8920<lb /><lb /><lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0037" />
        <p>
          <lb />
          <lb />Survey of North Carolina Public<lb />Library Use Statistics, 1983-84<lb /><lb />James J. Govern<lb /><lb />This survey of library facilities attempts to<lb />update and expand a similar survey completed by<lb />David Paynter of the New Hanover County Public<lb />Library whose findings were published in the Fall<lb />1984 issue of North Carolina Libraries. In his<lb />Survey covering fiscal year 1982-83, Mr. Paynter<lb />surveyed branch library service in six large<lb />county public library systems in North Carolina.<lb />The current survey, covering fiscal year 1983-84,<lb />Was expanded to include all county and regional<lb />Public library facilities in North Carolina in an<lb />effort to provide information and draw compari-<lb />Sons on library service at these different library<lb />facilities.<lb /><lb />Three differing groups made up of like library<lb />systems are profiled: large county systems,<lb />medium to small county systems and the regional<lb />library systems. The responding library systems<lb />included among the large counties, Charlotte-<lb />Mecklenburg, Cumberland, Durham, Forsyth, Guil-<lb />ford, New Hanover and Wake; small counties,<lb />Bladen, Brunswick, Burke, Cabarrus, Franklin,<lb />Granville, Harnett, Haywood, Henderson, John-<lb />ston, Madison, McDowell, Pender, Pitt, Robeson,<lb />Rockingham, Rowan, Scotland, Wayne and Wilson;<lb />regionals, Albemarle, Central North Carolina,<lb />East Albemarle, Hyconeechee, Nantahala and<lb />Pettigrew. Since this is a statistical look at library<lb />Service, the study cannot measure or in any way<lb />analyze the quality of service in these public<lb />libraries, but simply documents the quantity of<lb />that service.<lb /><lb />Tables 1 and 2 include results for branch<lb />libraries within large and small county systems.<lb />The regional facilities are included, but it should<lb />be noted that in fact only some of these facilities<lb />are branch libraries. It should be pointed out also<lb />that some main libraries function more like a<lb />branch than a main library"Wake CountyTs Olivia<lb />Raney Public, for example. The per capita calcula-<lb />tions for the individual facilities used those popu-<lb />lation statistics supplied in the survey. System per<lb />Capita figures are based on total county popula-<lb />tion statistics.<lb /><lb />Se<lb />James J. Govern is librarian of the Clemmons Branch of the<lb /><lb />Forsyth County Public Library System.<lb /><lb />The Survey Questionnaire<lb /><lb />A form asking for various information was<lb />sent to all county public libraries and all regional<lb />systems in North Carolina. Thirty-two of sixty-six<lb />systems responded, for a return rate of 49%. A<lb />copy of the form is appended.<lb /><lb />Only out-of-library circulation figures were<lb />used in calculating the circulation statistics. Ref-<lb />erence figures do not include directional transac-<lb />tions. Programming figures reflect library-spon-<lb />sored, in-library program attendance. Bookmobile,<lb />adult outreach, childrenTs outreach or other out-<lb />reach services and activities are not covered in<lb />this survey. Personnel budget figures include<lb />salary only.<lb /><lb />The categories calculated from the data pro-<lb />vided for comparisons were circulation per staff,<lb />circulation per staff dollar, circulation per capita,<lb />circulation per book budget dollar, circulation per<lb />programming attendance, reference per staff, ref-<lb />erence per staff dollar, reference per capita, ref-<lb />erence per book budget dollar, reference per<lb />programming attendance, collection turnover<lb />rate and per dollar expenditure effectiveness rat-<lb />ing.<lb /><lb />The effectiveness rating category is simply a<lb />measure of the amount of output (as measured<lb />by the sum of circulation, reference and pro-<lb />gramming statistics) provided for each dollar of<lb />input (as measured by the sum of book budget<lb />and personnel budget categories).<lb /><lb />Because of the difficulty in standardizing the<lb />concepts of total service units and total dollars of<lb />input, the aforementioned definition of input and<lb />output was selected. The bulk of what libraries do<lb />is circulate books, provide information and offer<lb />programming events"output. Seventy-five per<lb />cent of the average public library budget in North<lb />Carolina consists of personnel and book budget<lb />monies"input. Hence, this effectiveness rating<lb />simply means that for each dollar invested in a<lb />library (personnel + book budget), there is some<lb />corresponding figure of output (circulation + ref-<lb />erence + programming attendance) by which you<lb />can measure the effectiveness of a library facility<lb />or system. This pinpoints those qualities or com-<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"31<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0038" />
        <p>TABLE I.<lb /><lb />Table I contains averages for various categories for library facilities within the three differing groups of libraries surveyed. This table<lb />excludes information for main libraries within the large and small systems but includes all facilities within the regionals.<lb /><lb />Caaereeeereeeeeeeeeere reer Se S SSS SS SS<lb /><lb />Adult Circulation<lb />Juvenile Circulation<lb />Total<lb /><lb />Paperbacks as % of Circulation<lb />Personnel Budget<lb /><lb />Book Budget<lb /><lb /># of Professional Staff<lb /># of Nonprofessional Staff<lb /># of Temporary Staff<lb />Building Square Footage<lb />Hours Per Week<lb />Reference Transactions<lb />Directional Transactions<lb />Adult Programming<lb />Attendance<lb /><lb />Juvenile Programming<lb />Attendance<lb /><lb />Population<lb /><lb />Registered Borrowers<lb />Collection Size<lb /><lb /># of Periodicals<lb /><lb />Large Small Regionals<lb />63,738 9,704 23,379<lb />27,119 5,198 12,864<lb />90,857 14,903 36,243<lb />27 23 ial:<lb />56,164 10,284 32,982<lb />22,475 6,555 17,117<lb />56 10 53<lb />2.83 94 2.21<lb />52 05 .30<lb />3,657 1,552 6,455<lb />55 25 43<lb />11,753 1,183 4,589<lb />10,495 1,707 5,951<lb />12 8 24<lb /><lb />210 270 631<lb />135 23 85<lb />3,056 740 2,242<lb />19,475 4,572 13,736<lb />6,158 1,398 5,248<lb />21,046 7,901 27,150<lb />2 17 62<lb /><lb />LP RESUS SECS RES ERR RSENS SR SSS BE LETS BER ETT AER A Ei ISI I REE I<lb /><lb />binations of characteristics which make for a<lb />highly cost effective library service.<lb /><lb />It is assumed that the most service provided<lb />for the least amount of money is what is meant by<lb />effectiveness. However, the findings reported do<lb />not attempt to say that those library facilities and<lb />systems at the top of the lists are obetter� libra-<lb />ries than those appearing at the bottom. As pre-<lb />viously mentioned, this statistical survey deals<lb />with numbers and quantity of service, not quality.<lb /><lb />Observations Based on the Tables<lb /><lb />Those buildings with higher circulation per<lb />staff also circulate more books per hour. This<lb />tendency is present among all three types of<lb />libraries surveyed: large, small and regional facili-<lb />ties.<lb /><lb />Among branches, there is a much wider<lb />range of circulation per staff in the large systems<lb />than in the small to medium-sized systems. This<lb />is due in part to the fact that the branches within<lb />the larger systems simply circulate more books.<lb />With the circulation of more books comes the<lb />probability of this causing a wider variance<lb />among those branches in their circulation per<lb />staff statistics.<lb /><lb />Paperbacks on average account for twenty-<lb />seven per cent of the circulation within branches<lb />in the large county systems, twenty-two per cent<lb />within branches in the small and medium county<lb />systems and eleven per cent in the regional facili-<lb />ties. Although the survey did not request such fig-<lb /><lb />32"Spring 1987<lb /><lb />ures, my guess is that not five per cent of book<lb />budget money is spent directly on paperbacks in<lb />most of these systems, since so many of us rely on<lb />gift books to supply the bulk of these collections in<lb />branches. I would also guess that the difference in<lb />the circulation percentages (27%, 22% and 11%)<lb />can be explained by the number of paperbacks<lb />available for circulation. On average there are<lb />more paperbacks available in the branches within<lb />the larger systems, and this accounts for those<lb />facilities circulating more paperbacks as a per-<lb />centage of their overall circulation than facilities<lb />within the other two types of systems.<lb /><lb />Those facilities with high circulation per staff,<lb />reference per staff and per dollar effectiveness<lb />ratings have higher collection turnover rates. The<lb />busier the staff, the busier the collection. This<lb />holds for large, small and regional facilities.<lb /><lb />The small to medium-sized systems circulate<lb />substantially fewer books per staff member and<lb />field fewer reference questions per staff, yet they<lb />provide their services as effectively in terms of<lb />dollars as do the larger systems. This may be so<lb />because of the increased cost of running a larger<lb />library as opposed to a small to medium-sized<lb />library system. More and usually higher salaries,<lb />increased administrative expenses and higher<lb />book budget expenditures per capita account for<lb />this difference. Also, because of this difference,<lb />main libraries in the small to medium-sized sys-<lb />tems tend to operate more effectively than their<lb />counterparts in the larger systems. Branch facili-<lb />ties in the two differing types of systems operate<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0039" />
        <p>on a par in terms of dollars per output.<lb /><lb />There does not appear to be any correlation<lb />between circulation per capita and reference per<lb />Capita in the regionals and small to medium-sized<lb />systems. There is a slight tendency in the larger<lb />systems for facilities with higher circulation per<lb />Capita figures to also have higher reference per<lb />Capita statistics. Does this mean that two of the<lb />Major functions of public libraries"circulating<lb />books and answering reference questions"are<lb />not related statistically? That is, do population<lb />areas seek library service for either one or the<lb />Other but seldom both? Do some facilities push<lb />One service over the other? There is also no corre-<lb />lation between circulation per staff and reference<lb />per staff in all three groups of libraries. That is,<lb />those facilities with higher circulation per staff<lb />figures do not as a rule have higher reference per<lb />Staff statistics. There also appears to be no corre-<lb />lation between circulation per staff dollars and<lb />reference per staff dollars. Those buildings with<lb />higher circulation per staff dollar numbers do not<lb />always have higher reference per staff dollar sta-<lb />tistics. Once again, do some facilities push,<lb />develop or fund one service to the detriment of<lb />the other? Can service areas be said to be charac-<lb />teristically information seekers or book readers?<lb /><lb />Facilities within the large county systems<lb />that have high circulation per staff statistics tend<lb />to have higher circulation per capita statistics.<lb />This is not true for the regional systems or the<lb />medium to small county systems.<lb /><lb />Those systems that allocate more book<lb />budget dollars per capita tend to have higher cir-<lb />culation per capita statistics. Book budget dollars<lb />Spent per capita, income per capita and the level<lb />of educational attainment are the most impor-<lb />tant factors in determining circulation per capita<lb />in the larger systems. The more affluent and<lb /><lb />higher educated the service population, the bus-<lb />ier the library.<lb /><lb />There is no correlation between the income<lb />per capita and the amount of book budget dollars<lb />spent per capita in the large county systems and<lb />regionals. There is a slight correlation in those<lb />smaller systems between income per capita and<lb /><lb />Programming in branch<lb />libraries must stand on its<lb />own merit as a service<lb />deemed appropriate and<lb />necessary to library service,<lb />and not as a device to spur<lb />circulation.<lb /><lb />book budget expenditures per capita. With income<lb />per capita being one of the ways to measure the<lb />demand for library service, those systems with<lb />higher income per capita statistics should attempt<lb />to meet the demand with higher book budget dol-<lb />lars per capita.<lb /><lb />The higher the circulation per staff, the<lb />higher the effectiveness rating"except in one<lb />case where a very high book budget does not<lb />translate into circulation, reference and pro-<lb />gramming statistics. It remains to be seen if such<lb />a large book budget will over time increase circu-<lb />lation proportionately in order to cause an<lb />increase in the overall effectiveness rating score.<lb />By and large, the higher rated facilities and sys-<lb />tems tend to have a personnel budget to book<lb />budget ratio of around four to one. The findings<lb />seem to show that if you go much higher"for<lb />instance, the case of one large library with one<lb />book budget dollar for every ten personnel dollars<lb /><lb />TABLE II.<lb /><lb />Table II contains additional calculated results for the three groups of public library systems. This table excludes statistics for main<lb />library facilities and includes information for branches only within the large and small systems but includes all facilities within the<lb />regional systems. It should be noted that only some of the facilities within the regional systems are branch libraries.<lb /><lb />A<lb /><lb />Circulation per Staff<lb /><lb />Circulation per Staff Dollar<lb /><lb />Circulation per Capita<lb /><lb />Circulation per Book Budget Dollar<lb />Circulation per Programming Attendance<lb />Reference per Staff<lb /><lb />Reference per Staff Dollar<lb /><lb />Reference per Capita<lb /><lb />Reference per Book Budget Dollar<lb />Reference per Programming Attendance<lb />Book Stock Turnover Rate<lb /><lb />Per Dollar Effectiveness Rating<lb />Registration as % of Population<lb /><lb />Large Small Regionals<lb />20,227 14,246 12,740<lb />1.58 1.50 1.10<lb />4.31 4.45 3.04<lb /><lb />5 5.71 3.83<lb /><lb />47 58 34<lb />2,793 842 1,430<lb />22 09 14<lb />63 .28 37<lb />68 38 49<lb /><lb />7 3.10 3<lb /><lb />3.73 2.38 1.66<lb />1.23 1.33 84<lb />31 30 38<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"33<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0040" />
        <p>"or much lower"one book budget dollar for<lb />every two personnel budget dollars in another<lb />large library's case"your chances are less that<lb />you will score well in a per dollar effectiveness<lb />rating. Does this study indicate that a personnel<lb />budget to book budget ratio of four to one is the<lb />most desirable? What I think it says is that if you<lb />donTt have at least a four to one ratio or lower,<lb />your library tends to become less effective. A<lb />higher ratio simply means that you're not getting<lb />the books and a lower ratio means that you might<lb />be getting more than you really need, or more<lb />than your staff can effectively handle.<lb /><lb />One of the things shown by looking at Table 3<lb />is the wide variance among the four largest coun-<lb />ties in the relationship between the amount of<lb />book money spent per capita and its outcome, or<lb /><lb />circulation per capita. These four systems serve<lb />strikingly similar population areas in terms of per<lb />capita income and median years of school com-<lb />pleted"two very important socio-economic vari-<lb />ables when considering circulation or the poten-<lb />tial for circulation. Yet, thirty-six cents per capita<lb />in one library nets about three circulations per<lb />capita (or twelve cents per circulation) while over<lb />two dollars allocated per capita in another library<lb />accounts for just over five circulations per capita<lb />(or forty cents per circulation). This shows how<lb />far a small amount of book budget money per<lb />capita may go as well as how expensive it can be<lb />in terms of book budget dollars per capita to<lb />generate circulations per capita.<lb /><lb />There must be a point at which more book<lb />budget money becomes less effective. One could<lb /><lb />TABLE III.<lb />Table III lists selected information for all libraries included in the survey. Main library statistics are included.<lb />|RSS EP TA A VA a ETSI PB ESR SF GE PE SN SE BES<lb /><lb />Circulation Per Median Yearsof Income Per Book Budget $ Total<lb />a Capita School Completed Capita Per Capita Boak Budget Circulation<lb />Henderson 5.94 12.40 10,521 1.13 70,000 367,449<lb />Haywood 5.94 12.10 9,028 1.52 71,397 279,818<lb />McDowell 444 11.60 8,459 1.38 50,000 160,709<lb />Pender 7 Mh 11.80 7,443 1.49 34,000 63,104<lb />Wilson 2.75 11.80 10,079 80 51,000 174,453<lb />Cabarrus 2.73 11.90 10,368 97 86,842 243,355<lb />Brunswick 2.56 12.00 7,570 .90 35,000 99,721<lb />Madison 2.44 10.80 6,972 64 11,098 42,280<lb />Bladen 2.42 11.30 6,930 1.30 39,900 74,605<lb />Pitt 2.40 12.30 8,864 1.45 135,794 224,278<lb />Rowan 2.36 11.90 9,906 61 62,000 238,792<lb />Scotland 2.35 11.70 8,158 1.41 47,000 78,063<lb />Burke 2.33 11.50 9,077 bl 37,615 172,142<lb />Wayne 2.28 12.20 8,469 74 72,000 222,597<lb />Franklin 2.16 11.30 7,736 72 22,256 66,286<lb />Johnston 2.09 11.60 8,175 25 17,830 151,366<lb />Granville 1.84 11.40 7,806 1.01 35,500 64,741<lb />Harnett 1.63 11.70 7,355 38 23,100 100,129<lb />Robeson 1.26 11.20 6,715 87 90,474 130,528<lb />Large Systems<lb />Wake 5.08 12.90 12,759 2.21 694,002 1,600,031<lb />Charlotte 4.66 12.70 12,863 .90 377,970 1,949,610<lb />New Hanover 4.83 12.50 9,951 1.11 119,250 411,194<lb />Durham 3.72 12.60 11,523 2.07 322,914 580,489<lb />Greensboro 3.25 12.50 11,930 1.03 329,200 1,037,971<lb />Forsyth 2.99 12.40 12,682 36 90,800 743,937<lb />Cumberland 2.06 12.50 8,772 81 204,219 517,760<lb />Regional Systems<lb />Pettigrew 4.03 11.25 8,631 82 33,500 164,734<lb />Nantahala 3.53 11.06 6,652 1.70 56,865 118,215<lb />East Albemarle 2.87 12.00 8,111 1.06 64,636 174,514<lb />Central NC 1.95 12.10 9,957 81 109,000 262,346<lb />Albemarle 1.29 10.90 7,934 64 49,332 99,469<lb />Hyconeechee 1.23 12.10 8,659 63 81,768 159,270<lb /><lb />gn SS<lb /><lb />34"Spring 1987<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0041" />
        <p>look at it in the same way as personnel dollars.<lb />There certainly is a point below which output is<lb />hindered"too few staff to handle the load"caus-<lb />ing a facility to become less effective. There is also<lb />a point at which a facility becomes less cost effec-<lb />tive when a personnel budget becomes too high"<lb />too many people with too little to do. The same<lb />must hold for book budgets. That is, there is a<lb />point below which a book budget hinders effec-<lb />tiveness by not allowing the library to supply<lb />enough books to meet demand or the potential<lb />demand. There must also be some corresponding<lb />upper limit beyond which a service area canTt<lb />absorb an increasing number of books, causing a<lb />lowering of a libraryTs cost effectiveness; or, too<lb />many book budget dollars with too little to do.<lb />The problem could also be having too little staff to<lb />provide backup for the increased book budget.<lb /><lb />All of the larger county systems operate<lb />branch facilities which have high per dollar effec-<lb />tiveness ratings with high circulation per staff<lb />and reference per staff statistics. They also have<lb />facilities with very low per dollar effectiveness rat-<lb />ings and very low circulation per staff and refer-<lb />ence per staff statistics (except one, which is<lb />small in terms of square miles and has only two<lb />branches). It is my assumption that these systems<lb />all have branch facilities which should probably<lb />be closed, consolidated, have staff shifted to bus-<lb />ier branches, or have services or hours cut back.<lb />The reasons for not doing so are many and varied.<lb /><lb />There does not appear to be any relationship<lb />between program attendance and book circula-<lb />tion or reference statistics. That is, those facilities<lb />with high circulation or reference statistics do not<lb />always have high program statistics and conver-<lb />sely those facilities that circulate few books and<lb />answer few reference questions donTt always have<lb />low programming statistics. Programming in<lb />branch libraries must stand on its own merit as a<lb />service deemed appropriate and necessary to<lb />library service, and not as a device to spur circu-<lb />lation. This non-relationship between program-<lb />ming and circulation also holds for main library<lb />facilities.<lb /><lb />There is a correlation between level of educa-<lb />tional attainment, income per capita and avail-<lb />able book budget per capita money with output,<lb />or circulation, reference and programming servi-<lb />ces per capita. The large county systems serve<lb />populations in a range from 107,222 to 418,071<lb />people. The level of educational attainment as<lb />reported by census information is within half<lb />grade"between 12.4 and 12.9. With proportion-<lb />ately equal book budgets (book budget per cap-<lb />ita) similarly proportionate output could be<lb /><lb />expected in those systems with similar income<lb />per capita and education level statistics. This<lb />should hold for the medium to small systems and<lb />regionals. That is, like population areas should<lb />respond similarly given proportionately equal<lb />input.<lb /><lb />I would like to thank all who labored to supply the data to be<lb />analyzed for this study. Some of the statistics asked for are not<lb />readily available in most systems and I appreciate the time<lb />and effort spent by those who took the time to compile that<lb />information. This study was very much a collaboration. I wish<lb />to thank my collaborators"David Paynter and Patsy Hansel.<lb /><lb />REA A<lb />Instructions for the Preparation<lb /><lb />of Manuscripts<lb /><lb />for North Carolina Libraries<lb />RA aN EE SE<lb /><lb />1. North Carolina Libraries seeks to publish articles, book<lb />reviews, and news of professional interest to librarians in<lb />North Carolina. Articles need not be of a scholarly nature,<lb />but they should address professional concerns of the library<lb />community in the state.<lb /><lb />2. Manuscripts should be directed to Frances B. Bradburn, Edi-<lb />tor, North Carolina Libraries, Central Regional Education<lb />Center, Gateway Plaza, 2431 Crabtree Boulevard, Raleigh,<lb /><lb />N.C. 27604.<lb />3. Manuscripts should be submitted in triplicate on plain white<lb /><lb />paper measuring 8%"x11�".<lb /><lb />4. Manuscripts must be double-spaced (text, references, and<lb />footnotes). Manuscripts should be typed on sixty-space lines,<lb />twenty-five lines to a page. The beginnings of paragraphs<lb />should be indented eight spaces. Lengthy quotes should be<lb />avoided. When used, they should be indented on both<lb />margins.<lb /><lb />5. The name, position, and professional address of the author<lb />should appear in the bottom left-hand corner of a separate<lb />title page.<lb /><lb />6. Each page after the first should be numbered consecutively<lb />at the top right-hand corner and carry the authorTs last<lb />name at the upper left-hand corner.<lb /><lb />7. Footnotes should appear at the end of the manuscript. The<lb />editors will refer to The Chicago Manual of Style, 13th edi-<lb />tion. The basic forms for books and journals are as follows:<lb />K Keyes Metcalf, Planning Academic and Research Library<lb /><lb />Buildings New York: McGraw, 1965), 416.<lb />Susan K. Martin, oThe Care and Feeding of the MARC<lb />x Format,� American Libraries 10 (September 1979): 498.<lb /><lb />8. Photographs will be accepted for consideration but cannot<lb />be returned.<lb /><lb />9. North Carolina Libraries is not copyrighted. Copyright rests<lb />with the author. Upon receipt, a manuscript will be acknowl-<lb />edged by the editor. Following review of a manuscript by at<lb />least two jurors, a decision will be communicated to the writ-<lb />er. A definite publication date cannot be given since any<lb />incoming manuscript will be added toamanuscript from<lb />which articles are selected for each issue.<lb /><lb />Issue deadlines are February 10, May 10, August 10, and<lb />November 10.<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"35<lb /></p>
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        <p>
          <lb />
          <lb />Computer Tells Books Where To Go:<lb />A BASIC Program for Shifting Collections<lb /><lb />Rose Simon<lb /><lb />Shifting a sequence of volumes from one set<lb />of shelves to another, more numerous set, calls for<lb />some careful preliminary calculating. Usually, one<lb />counts the number of shelves currently occupied<lb />by the volumes to be shifted; measures the<lb />amount of space left on each shelf; and counts the<lb />number of shelves to be occupied in the new dis-<lb />tribution. Given the length of the shelves (36�), it<lb />is a matter of determining how many linear<lb />inches are occupied by the volumes and dividing<lb />that figure by the number of shelves in the new<lb />set. This produces the approximate number of<lb />inches of books which should be placed on each<lb />onew� shelf to fill the entire set.<lb /><lb />For an occasional expansion, these arithmet-<lb />ical manipulations can be carried out with a sim-<lb />ple calculator. The librarian doomed to shift the<lb />stacks frequently, however, could save a lot of<lb />trouble by using a computer program. One exam-<lb />ple of such a program, written in BASIC on an<lb />Apple II+ micro, is printed below. It is by no<lb />means an example of sophisticated programming;<lb />but if entered into a micro and saved to disk, it<lb />can be used to produce two useful pieces of<lb />information: (1) the approximate number of<lb />inches to be filled with books in each onew� shelf;<lb />and (2) the current location of the book which<lb />should be the last one placed in a face (i.e., half-<lb />range) of new shelving. It is worthwhile to use<lb />these volumes as tentative markers. Failure to fin-<lb />ish filling a face with a book somewhere near the<lb />marker provides a clear warning that the shift is<lb />drifting off course. Without timely adjustment,<lb />there could be several empty shelves at the end of<lb />the set, or (worse yet) several linear feet of books<lb /><lb />left over.<lb /><lb />10 DIM E(1200), Q(60), W(60)<lb /><lb />20 INPUT oHOW MANY SHELVES HAVE BEEN<lb />MEASURED? �;N<lb /><lb />40 INPUT oHOW MANY RANGE FACES ARE<lb />TO BE FILLED �;F<lb /><lb />50 FORJ=1TOF STEP 1<lb /><lb />55 PRINT oHOW MANY SHELVES IN FACE �;<lb />Al faa ae ae<lb /><lb />60 INPUT Qi)<lb /><lb />Rose Simon is Director of Libraries at Salem College, Win-<lb />ston-Salem, N.C. and associate editor of North Carolina<lb /><lb />Libraries.<lb />36"Spring 1987<lb /><lb />65<lb />70<lb />80<lb /><lb />90<lb />100<lb /><lb />105<lb />130<lb />140<lb />150<lb /><lb />160<lb />170<lb /><lb />180<lb />190<lb /><lb />195<lb />200<lb /><lb />210<lb /><lb />250<lb />255<lb />260<lb />265<lb />270<lb />280<lb />300<lb />310<lb />312<lb />315<lb />320<lb /><lb />325<lb />330<lb /><lb />338<lb />339<lb />340<lb /><lb />350<lb />360<lb />999<lb /><lb />M=M+ QW)<lb /><lb />NEXT J<lb /><lb />PRINT oNUMBER OF SHELVES TO BE<lb />FILLED= �:M<lb /><lb />FOR|=1toN STEP 1<lb /><lb />PRINT oHOW MANY INCHES OF SPACE<lb />ON SHELF I; 2�<lb /><lb />INPUT E(\)<lb /><lb />S=S+E()<lb /><lb />NEXT |<lb /><lb />PRINT oTOTAL EMPTY SPACE<lb />MEASURED=�:S;o INCHES�<lb /><lb />T=N* 36<lb /><lb />PRINT oTOTAL SPACE AVAILABLE ON<lb />MEASURED SHELVES= �.T:o# INCHES�<lb />B=T-S<lb /><lb />PRINT oNUMBER OF INCHES OF BOOKS<lb />TO BE DISTRIBUTED= �:B<lb /><lb />K=B/M<lb />C =INT (100 * K+ .5) / 100<lb /><lb />PRINT oEACH NEW AREA SHELF SHOULD<lb />HOLD �;C;o INCHES OF BOOKS�<lb />FORJ=1TOF STEP 1<lb /><lb />PRINT oJ= "sJ<lb /><lb />W(J) = C * Qi)<lb /><lb />PRINT oW(J)= �;W(J)<lb /><lb />IF J=1 THEN X = 1<lb /><lb />IF J1 THEN X=!1+1<lb />FOR|=X TON STEP 1<lb />U=U+ (86 - E(l)) + V<lb /><lb />V=0<lb /><lb />L=U-W()<lb /><lb />IF U W(J) THEN V = INT (100 * L+ .5) /<lb />100<lb /><lb />IF V0 THEN U=0<lb /><lb />IF V0 THEN PRINT oEND FACE "su;<lb />WITH BOOK LOCATED �;V;o INCHES FROM<lb />RIGHT ON SHELF �;|<lb /><lb />IF V 0 THEN GOTO 360<lb /><lb />R=INT (U/C +.5)<lb /><lb />IF |=N THEN PRINT oLAST BOOKS<lb />PLACED ON SHELF �;R;o IN FACE �;J<lb />NEXT |<lb /><lb />NEXT J<lb /><lb />END<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0043" />
        <p>Some lines in the program require a bit of<lb />explanation. Line 10, for example, will require dif-<lb />ferent quantities inside each pair of parentheses.<lb />E(1200) reflects the maximum number of shelves<lb />to be filled; if you plan to fill 1756 shelves, I<lb />recommend typing in E(1800) rather than E(1200).<lb />Q(60) indicates that no face in the new area con-<lb />tains more than 60 shelves. If yours contain 77<lb />shelves, then type Q(80). Use the same number for<lb />W: W(80).<lb /><lb />Line 20 is asking how many shelves are cur-<lb />rently occupied by the books to be shifted. Lines<lb />40 and 55 pertain to the shelving in the new area.<lb />Those who are comfortable with programming<lb />may opt to type a different statement in line 105:<lb />READ E(l). This would require you to put each<lb /><lb />To enroll as a member of the association or<lb />to renew your membership, check the appro-<lb />priate type of membership and the sections or<lb />roundtables which you wish to join. NCLA<lb />membership entitles you to membership in one of<lb />the sections or roundtables shown below at no<lb />extra cost. For each additional section, add $4.00<lb />to your regular dues.<lb /><lb />NORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION<lb /><lb />O New membership 0 Renewal 0 Membership no.<lb />Name<lb /><lb />First Middle Last<lb />Position<lb /><lb />Business Address<lb /><lb />City or Town State Zip Code<lb /><lb />Mailing Address (if different from above)<lb /><lb /><lb /><lb /><lb />Join NCLA<lb /><lb />CHECK TYPE OF DUES:<lb /><lb />C SPECIAL-Trustees, paraprofessional and support staff, non-<lb /><lb />Mail to: Nancy Fogarty, Treasurer, NCLA, P.O. Box 4266, Greensboro, N.C. 27404<lb /><lb />measurement of empty space into the program as<lb />a data statement. Starting with line 361, type the<lb />line number, a space, the word DATA, space, and<lb />the number of inches of space (to the nearest half<lb />inch) measured on the shelf. If you are emptying<lb />more than 638 shelves, omit the 999 END state-<lb />ment and keep going. Whether you use INPUT E()<lb />or READ E(|) in line 105, it is essential that you<lb />enter the space measurements for the old shelves<lb />in the order the books will be shifted. In most<lb />cases, this means in call number order. The differ-<lb />ence between using INPUT and READ is notable:<lb />with INPUT you will have to start all over again if<lb />you make an error; with READ you can correct an<lb />error without losing the rest of your data. al<lb /><lb /><lb /><lb /><lb /><lb /><lb /><lb /><lb /><lb /><lb /><lb /><lb /><lb /><lb />Return the form below along with your check<lb />or money order made payable to North Carolina<lb />Library Association. All memberships are for two<lb />calendar years. If you enroll during the last quar-<lb />ter of a year, membership will cover the next two<lb />years.<lb /><lb />salaried persons, retired librarians, library school students,<lb /><lb />oFriends of the Library,� and non-librarians ........- $15.00<lb />O LIBRARIANS"earning up to $12,000.............- $22.00<lb />CO LIBRARIANS"earning $12,000 to $20,000 ......... $30.00<lb />CO LIBRARIANS"earning over $20,000 .........-.+.- $40.00<lb /><lb /><lb /><lb /><lb /><lb /><lb /><lb /><lb />CO CONTRIBUTING"Individual, Association, Firm, etc. inter-<lb />ested in the work of NCLA ..........eeeeeeeeeeres $50.00<lb /><lb />CO INSTITUTIONAL"Same for all libraries........-+- $50.00<lb />CHECK SECTIONS: One free; $4.00 each additional.<lb /><lb />O ChildrenTs O Trustees 1 WomenTs Round Table<lb />O College O Public OEthnic Minorities RT<lb />0 Documents O Ref. &amp; Adult<lb /><lb />O Jr. College ORTSS (Res.-Tec.)<lb /><lb />OONCASL (School) 0 JMRT<lb />AMOUNT ENCLOSED $.<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"37<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0044" />
        <p>
          <lb />
          <lb />oLibraries: Spread the NewsT:<lb />1987 Conference to be Held<lb />in Winston-Salem<lb /><lb />Start spreading the news! The 1987 North<lb />Carolina Library AssociationTs Biennial Confer-<lb />ence is coming soon to Winston-Salem. oLIBRAR-<lb />IES: SPREAD THE NEWS?� is the theme for the<lb />conference, scheduled October 28-30.<lb /><lb />Featured speakers for this yearTs conference<lb />are Maya Angelou and Calvin Trillin. Conference<lb />programs are being planned to address the major<lb />issues in North Carolina librarianship. oTable<lb />Talks� will be something new at this NCLA Con-<lb />ference. In oTable Talks� specific issues in librar-<lb />ianship are aired in round table discussions. This<lb />allows conference participants to become more<lb />involved in the issues so important to our profes-<lb />sion.<lb /><lb />The Round Table For Ethnic Minority Con-<lb />cerns (REMCO) has worked hard to bring Maya<lb />Angelou to the 1987 NCLA Conference to be a<lb />featured speaker. The Round Table on the Status<lb /><lb />Maya Angelou will be one of the featured speakers at this<lb />yearTs NCLA Conference to be held in Winston-Salem<lb />October 28-30.<lb /><lb />38"Spring 1987<lb /><lb />of Women in Librarianship and the Public Library<lb />Section are co-sponsoring her appearance with<lb />REMCO. Ms. Angelou, who resides in Winston-<lb />Salem, is one of todayTs most popular speakers.<lb />Ms. Angelou has been a singer, educator, dancer,<lb />historian, lecturer, actress, producer, editor,<lb />songwriter and playwright. In the sixties, at the<lb />request of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., she became<lb />the Northern Coordinator for the Southern Chris-<lb />tian Leadership Conference. Though her formal<lb />education ended with high school, Ms. Angelou<lb />has received numerous honorary doctorates, as<lb />well as the Chubb Fellowship from Yale. In 1981<lb />she was appointed the first ReynoldTs Professor of<lb />American Studies at Wake Forest University.<lb />Librarians are certainly familiar with her<lb />literary accomplishments, which include, J Know<lb />Why the Caged Bird Sings and the latest All GodTs<lb />Children Need Traveling Shoes. In addition to her<lb />five autobiographical best sellers, she has pub-<lb />lished four books of poetry. Her articles have<lb />appeared in such publications as The New York<lb />Times, Redbook, and Cosmopolitan. Maya Ange-<lb />lou has been seen on local and network television<lb />numerous times. In 1976 she was accorded the<lb />Ladies Home Journal award oWoman of the Year<lb />in Communication� and was among the maga-<lb />zineTs oTop 100 Most Influential Women.� Audio-<lb />visual librarians will note that she won the CINE<lb />Golden Eagle Award for her PBS film oAfro-Amer-<lb />ican in the Arts.� Her book, I Know Why the Caged<lb />Bird Sings, was a two-hour CBS television special.<lb />oI can tell you why I had trouble reading Cal-<lb />vin TrillinTs first novel, Runestruck,� New York<lb />TimesT book reviewer Christopher Lehmann-<lb />Haupt wrote. oThe print wouldn't hold still<lb />because the book made me shake so with laugh-<lb />ter.� Runestruck is just one of the many novels,<lb />short stories, articles and essays written by sati-<lb />rist and observer Calvin Trillin, who will also<lb />speak at the 1987 NCLA biennial conference.<lb />Since 1963 Mr. Trillin has been a staff writer for<lb />the New Yorker. Mr. Trillin writes a syndicated<lb />column which appears in the Winston-Salem<lb />Journal as well as in other North Carolina news-<lb />papers. He has written columns for the Nation<lb />and was, at one time, a reporter for Time maga-<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0045" />
        <p>zine. One of his most famous series for the New<lb />Yorker was oU.S. Journal,� which was published as<lb /><lb />a book in 1971.<lb />Mr. TrillinTs other works include An Educa-<lb /><lb />tion in Georgia (1964), and American Fried<lb />(1974), Killings (1984) and With All Disrespect<lb />(1985).<lb /><lb />Of his essays, critic John Seelye wrote oHis<lb />journalistic instincts lead him to the freaks and<lb />follies of American life, those grotesques which<lb />the tradition of Mark Twain, Sherwood Anderson,<lb />and Ernest Hemingway have told us are symbolic<lb />of the quality of American life.�<lb /><lb />Calvin TrillinTs observations and comments<lb />on American life are both witty and stimulating.<lb />Mr. Trillin is a much sought after speaker and we<lb />are very fortunate to have him at the 1987 NCLA<lb />Convention.<lb /><lb />The last NCLA Conference to be held in Win-<lb />ston-Salem was in 1983. Veterans of that confer-<lb />ence will find some changes in the Twin Cities. A<lb />new hotel, the Winston Plaza, is now open.<lb />Located next to the Hyatt Hotel, the Winston<lb />Plaza is connected to the Convention Center<lb />Complex via a skywalk.<lb /><lb />The M.C. Benton, Jr. Convention and Civic<lb />Center has been doubled in size and features<lb />state-of-the-art amenities for conventioneers. Ex-<lb />hibits and meetings will be located in the new<lb />wing of the Center.<lb /><lb />Downtown revitalization has progressed<lb />since the conference's last visit in 1983. New res-<lb />taurants can be found in the Mercantile Plaza<lb />located next to the Stevens Center for the Per-<lb />forming Arts. Mercantile Plaza not only has a<lb />number of specialty restaurants for dining or<lb />snacking, but a number of convenient shops. And<lb />speaking of shopping and browsing, the Craft<lb />Shop of Piedmont Craftsmen has been relocated<lb />downtown, right next to the Winston Plaza and<lb />Hyatt Hotels.<lb /><lb />If you enjoy art galleries, be sure to visit the<lb />Sawtooth Center at Winston Square to see fea-<lb />tured exhibits. Mercantile Plaza, the Craft Shop of<lb />Piedmont Craftsmen, and Winston Square are all<lb />within walking distance of the Convention Center.<lb /><lb />Start spreading the news! The 1987 Biennial<lb />Conference promises to be the best ever. Nation-<lb />ally known speakers Maya Angelou and Calvin<lb />Trillin highlight the program. A barbeque dinner<lb />will kick off the festivities Wednesday evening,<lb />October 28. Programs of sections, round tables<lb />and committees as well as oTable Talks� will<lb />address the important issues of North Carolina<lb />librarianship. Winston-Salem is ready to welcome<lb />you with more accommodations, shops and res-<lb />taurants than ever before. Make your plans now. i]<lb /><lb />Join NCLA<lb /><lb />To enroll as a member of the association or<lb />to renew your membership, check the appro-<lb />priate type of membership and the sections or<lb />roundtables which you wish to join. NCLA<lb />membership entitles you to membership in one of<lb />the sections or roundtables shown below at no<lb />extra cost. For each additional section, add $4.00<lb />to your regular dues.<lb /><lb />Return the form below along with your check<lb />or money order made payable to North Carolina<lb />Library Association. All memberships are for two<lb />calendar years. If you enroll during the last quar-<lb />ter of a year, membership will cover the next two<lb /><lb />years.<lb /><lb />NORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION<lb /><lb />O New membership O Renewal OO Membership no.<lb />Name<lb />First Middle Last<lb />Position<lb />Business Address<lb />City or Town State Zip Code<lb /><lb />Mailing Address (if different from above)<lb /><lb />CHECK TYPE OF DUES:<lb /><lb />0 SPECIAL-Trustees, paraprofessional and support staff, non-<lb />salaried persons, retired librarians, library school students,<lb /><lb />oFriends of the Library,� and non-librarians ......... $15.00<lb />O LIBRARIANS"earning up to $12,000.............. $22.00<lb />0 LIBRARIANS"earning $12,000 to $20,000 ......... $30.00<lb />O LIBRARIANS"earning over $20,000 ...........++. $40.00<lb />O CONTRIBUTING"Individual, Association, Firm, etc. inter-<lb /><lb />ested in the work of NCLA. 01... is. c esse senceees $50.00<lb />0 INSTITUTIONAL"Same for all libraries........... $50.00<lb /><lb />CHECK SECTIONS: One free; $4.00 each additional.<lb /><lb />O ChildrenTs O Trustees (WomenTs Round Table<lb />O College O Public OEthnic Minorities RT<lb />O Documents O Ref. &amp; Adult<lb /><lb />O Jr. College OORTSS (Res.-Tec.)<lb /><lb />OONCASL (School) JMRT<lb />AMOUNT ENCLOSED $<lb /><lb />Mail to: Nancy Fogarty, Treasurer,<lb />NCLA, P.O. Box 4266, Greensboro, N.C. 27404<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"39<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0046" />
        <p>
          <lb />
          <lb />New North Carolina Books<lb /><lb />Alice R. Cotten, Compiler<lb /><lb />Ernest B. Furgurson. Hard Right: The Rise of<lb />Jesse Helms. New York: W. W. Norton and Co.,<lb />1986. 302 pp. $18.95. ISBN 0-393-02325-7.<lb /><lb />The first full-length study of the life and<lb />career of Jesse Helms appears as the power and<lb />influence wielded by North CarolinaTs senior sena-<lb />tor begins to wane. The bookTs author, Ernest B.<lb />Furgurson, no doubt would welcome recent set-<lb />backs at the polls encountered by HelmTs political<lb />machine, the Congressional Club, and the loss of a<lb />Republican majority (and thereby committee<lb />chairmanships) in the U.S. Senate.<lb /><lb />Furgurson, a native Virginian, is the Washing-<lb />ton bureau chief of the Baltimore Sun and a syn-<lb />dicated columnist. His first book was a biography<lb />of William B. Westmoreland. A fascination since<lb />childhood with southern demagogues drew him<lb />to his present subject, a man he describes as othe<lb />most outspoken, unyielding hard-liner in the<lb />nation"in or out of office, wearing any political<lb />label.�<lb /><lb />As models for his book, Furgurson looked to<lb />Richard RovereTs scathing portrayal of Joseph<lb />McCarthy and Marshall FradyTs demolition job on<lb />George Wallace. In important respects, Furgur-<lb />sonTs work is less distinguished than either of<lb />these now classic political biographies. The<lb />author and subject share similar backgrounds,<lb />being Southern Baptists who went into news-<lb />paper work. Despite that, Furgurson fails to iden-<lb />tify what grounded HelmsTs ideological develop-<lb />ment, citing only oa burning need to get<lb />even"with Yankees, blacks, outsiders, infidels.�<lb /><lb />On the subject of HelmsTs racial views, Fur-<lb />gurson is devastating, offering a careful analysis<lb />of his use of jokes and code words. His WRAL-TV<lb />editorials, which Furgurson plumbs to good<lb />effect, offered oimplicit approval� to the Ku Klux<lb />Klan and John Birch Society by linking integra-<lb />tion with communism. Yet, according to the<lb />author, Helms was nothing if not consistent,<lb />opposing the Martin Luther King holiday on the<lb />same grounds twenty years later.<lb /><lb />In studying a contemporary political figure,<lb />Furgurson was dependent primarily on inter-<lb />views and the newspaper record. Although he<lb /><lb />40"Spring 1987<lb /><lb />talked briefly with Helms and associates such as<lb />Thomas Ellis, Furgurson did not have full access<lb />or cooperation. Thus he relied on his contacts in<lb />North Carolina, which he identifies as oprobably<lb />the best newspaper state in America.� Many read-<lb />ers will be familiar with HelmsTs record as<lb />revealed through newspaper accounts. On the<lb />other hand, FurgursonTs real intent may have<lb />been to explain Helms to a national audience.<lb />Nevertheless, this is an important book, vital to all<lb />library collections in the state.<lb /><lb />Michael Hill, North Carolina Division of Archives and History.<lb /><lb />Anne Russell and Marjorie Megivern, with Kevin<lb />Coughlin. North Carolina Portraits of Faith: A<lb />Pictorial History of Religions. Norfolk: The<lb />Donning Company, 1986. 243 pp. illus. $25.00<lb />ISBN 0-89865-454-8 (5659 Beach Blvd., Norfolk,<lb />VA 23502)<lb /><lb />Reading North Carolina Portraits of Faith<lb />once will not quench the urge to pick it up again °<lb />and continue learning about the neighbors who<lb />go to another church. Looking through the pic-<lb />tures of generations of believers who together<lb />have woven the tapestry of North CarolinaTs cul-<lb />tural history will only increase oneTs curiosity<lb />about the people behind the walls of the church<lb />buildings we ride by daily. Russell, Megivern, and<lb />Coughlin have provided a generous sample of the<lb />religious culture of North Carolina, a sample<lb />which might help to explain to those who do not<lb />know us well how our state can seem so different<lb />from others around us. We are a composite peo-<lb />ple, created out of many different strands of<lb />humanity that found their way here, sometimes<lb />on their way elsewhere, and then stayed. In this<lb />book we find out what was deepest in the hearts<lb />of many of our recent ancestors as well as in the<lb />hearts of the original settlers.<lb /><lb />Neither of the authors is a professional reli-<lb />gionist, nor clergy, and the absence of a particular<lb />denominational point of view is a welcome change<lb />from writings which even when presenting a var-<lb />iety of churches, manage to press one denomina-<lb />tion to the front. The difficult task of getting<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0047" />
        <p>started into the book was taken up by organizing<lb />the narrative and pictures by denomination and<lb />religion and presenting them more-or-less chron-<lb />ologically as they appeared in North Carolina.<lb /><lb />This is a pictorial history. The text of each<lb />chapter attempts to set the visual impressions in<lb />a verbal, historical context. It is hardly possible,<lb />however, to answer detailed questions about<lb />many decades of a churchTs complex history in<lb />the few paragraphs allowed by the format of this<lb />beautifully printed book. In some cases the com-<lb />plexity of this task overwhelmed the pages<lb />allowed. The index guides the reader to almost<lb />every photograph, though some on the same page<lb />may be listed generically.<lb /><lb />North Carolina Portraits of Faith will sur-<lb />prise the reader, both unpleasantly and plea-<lb />santly. One who is very well aware of the details of<lb />the history of oneTs own denomination will be able<lb />to find omissions and misunderstandings in the<lb />text. But it seems clear after more than one read-<lb />ing that dry facts are not the purpose of this book.<lb />Some facts are more important than others in<lb />capturing the flavor of a history, and the authors<lb />cannot be faulted for missing any that loom high-<lb />est in the mind of a particular reader. Not even<lb />the collaboration of the distinguished persons<lb />listed in the acknowledgments can assemble the<lb />precise proportion of fact and interpretation to<lb />please everyone. The pleasant surprise, and<lb />indeed almost a breathtaking one, is the sudden<lb />interruption of the reading by the idea that this is<lb />not a textbook on the history of religions in North<lb />Carolina. It is not a reference work to be sought<lb />after for single details. It is a mural, a story-telling,<lb />a family-reunion kind of narrative with pictures, a<lb />family album with all the relativesT words cap-<lb />tured once and for all in the text, their proportion<lb />of fact to interpretation of fact differing with each<lb />part of the oclan� that is presented.<lb /><lb />Stereotypes are shattered, and then genuine<lb />images put in their places, as religious groups are<lb />pictured in their worship settings. The images of<lb />the faithful at prayer, weddings, or other high<lb />moments of their lives envelop the reader in-<lb />escapably in the group being pictured. No longer<lb />can othey� just be othem.�<lb /><lb />go for it!<lb />use your library<lb /><lb />New North Carolina Books<lb /><lb />North Carolina is portrayed here, and suc-<lb />cessfully so, from the point of view of the authorsT<lb />quest for the religious aspects of the essence of its<lb />people. Add North Carolina Portraits of Faith to<lb />those others on a reference list of essential books<lb />to explain North Carolina to both native Tar Heels<lb />and to others.<lb /><lb />Walter Alan Tuttle, National Humanities Center, Research Tri-<lb />angle Park.<lb /><lb />Marianne Gingher. Bobby RexTs Greatest Hit.<lb />New York: Atheneum, 1986. 308 pp. $17.95. ISBN<lb />0-689-11769-8.<lb /><lb />oTake Highway 21 from Greensboro and<lb />ride about fifteen miles"until all the good<lb />rock stations fade out ... Orfax, North<lb />Carolina. Bird Sanctuary. Population 3,127,<lb />only I think they must have counted in the<lb />cows, too. ItTs not a bad town, really. Just<lb />plain. The smell of meat loaf is always in the<lb />air ... By the time I was sixteen I looked<lb />around at people who'd made their lifelong<lb />homes in Orfax, and I was at a loss as to<lb />how they'd stuck it out.� (p. 67)<lb /><lb />Marianne GingherTs first novel leaves no room<lb />for doubt as to her genuine North Carolina roots.<lb />Crafting characters and locales with the keen eye<lb />and discerning ear of one who possesses the gift<lb />of creating living fiction, Mrs. Gingher sounds as if<lb />she has spent her entire life observing and record-<lb />ing life in a North Carolina trailer park circa 1960.<lb />She in fact grew up in Greensboro, attended<lb />Salem College and the University of North Caro-<lb />lina at Greensboro, taught writing at the Univer-<lb />sity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and<lb />currently resides in Greensboro.<lb /><lb />Bobby RexTs Greatest Hit is a joy from page<lb />one. Beginning with a series of letters as a way of<lb />introducing both characters and situation, the<lb />novel immediately compels the reader to become<lb />immersed in Pally ThompsonTs world. Pally is per-<lb />haps the most believable, life-like heroine to be<lb />found in recent Southern fiction. Neither she nor<lb />her idiosyncrasies are larger, more grotesque<lb />than real life, and her Southern-ness is right on<lb />the mark recognizable without the slightest hint<lb />of ridicule or caricature. PallyTs observations of<lb />the citizens and events of Orfax exhibit a quick,<lb />curious mind filled with questions whose answers<lb />are sometimes not to be found in her limited<lb />experiences of small-town life, and her ponder-<lb />ings are thoughtful and observant without being<lb />artifically profound and wise beyond her years.<lb /><lb />Fortunately, Pally is not the only excellent<lb />characterization in the novel. The reader will be<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"41<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0048" />
        <p>New North Carolina Books<lb /><lb />delighted with Pallys mother, her best friend<lb />Shilda, and a cast of townspeople with personali-<lb />ties as close to real life as have been found on a<lb />page. The lives in this town of Orfax, where<lb />omostly you just waited for something to happen.<lb />And usually it happened to somebody else,� are<lb />chronicled as if being told by a life-long friend,<lb />detail for detail, but only those that really matter.<lb />And when something does really happen, one so<lb />clearly understands why Pally says oYou wanted<lb />to disappear in Orfax, you wanted to blend in.<lb />Otherwise you were notorious.� Pally suffered her<lb />small-town notoriety at the hands of hometown-<lb />boy-made-good Bobby Rex Moseley, sixties rock-<lb />n-roll sensation, and things were never quite the<lb />same in Orfax after his hit song oPally Thompson�<lb />hit the charts.<lb /><lb />Bobby RexTs Greatest Hit is not a novel librar-<lb />ians will purchase solely because of its North<lb />Carolina roots. Reviews in popular national peri-<lb />odicals will create demand, and word-of-mouth<lb />praise will unquestionably make it an often-<lb />requested title in public libraries. Ms. GingherTs<lb />first effort is well worthy of such praise"it is an<lb />absorbing reading experience.<lb /><lb />Julie W. Coleman, Thruway Branch, Forsyth County Public<lb />Library.<lb /><lb />Vernon O. Stumpf. Josiah Martin, The Last<lb />Royal Governor of North Carolina. Durham:<lb />Carolina Academic Press for the Kellenburger<lb />Historical Foundation, 1968. 252 pp. $19.75. ISBN<lb />0-89089-305-5. (P.O. Box 8795, Durham 27707)<lb /><lb />Josiah Martin, a native of Dublin, Ireland, and<lb />from a prominent Anglo-Irish family with impor-<lb />tant connections in the British Isles as well as in<lb />the West Indies and on the North American main-<lb />land, was educated privately. At nineteen he<lb />entered the army, rose to the rank of lieutenant<lb />colonel, but sold his commission after thirteen<lb />years to begin a career in government. Through<lb />family connections, he was appointed governor of<lb />North Carolina to succeed William Tryon upon<lb />the latterTs appointment to the governorship of<lb />New York.<lb /><lb />In New Bern on August 12, 1771, the thirty-<lb />four-year-old Martin took office. His colony had<lb />recently passed through the crisis brought on by<lb />the hated Stamp Act and had been divided over<lb />the problems of the Regulators. Tryon had led the<lb />militia at the Battle of Alamance just prior to his<lb />departure. Martin faced a colony ready for revo-<lb />lution over a variety of local problems as well as<lb />causes from abroad.<lb /><lb />42"Spring 1987<lb /><lb />Martin was, as the subtitle of this book indi-<lb />cates, the final royal governor of North Carolina.<lb />As such his own personality played a key role. He<lb />was thoroughly loyal to the crown and was un-<lb />willing to compromise, even on minor matters. He<lb />faced numerous conflicts with the assembly and<lb />was unable to resolve them, nor was he able to<lb />stem the tide that led his colony to revolt. Even so,<lb />Martin did not flee as his counterparts in other<lb />colonies did. He took up a position in the Lower<lb />Cape Fear, part of the time aboard a British ship<lb />at Fort Johnston. From there he developed<lb />detailed plans to restore his royal government.<lb />These plans were approved in London, ordered<lb />into execution, and might well have restored<lb />royal rule if support from home and from New<lb />York had been forthcoming as anticipated.<lb /><lb />When further resistance was impossible Mar-<lb />tin departed, only to return at a later time with<lb />the army under Cornwallis. On several occasions<lb />Martin issued proclamations declaring royal<lb />government restored, but the army was unable to<lb />hold its gains in the state.<lb /><lb />This biography of Martin adequately tells the<lb />facts of its subjectTs life and is the only biography<lb />of consequence available. Nevertheless, it is poorly<lb />written. It is plodding, lacks sparkle and appeal,<lb />and in places the sentences are long, involved,<lb />and almost meaningless. There are careless<lb />grammatical errors, proper names are misspelled,<lb />and punctuation is erratic. The index is inade-<lb />quate with many proper names as well as subjects<lb />omitted, and for some subjects only a few of the<lb />possible entries are actually included.<lb /><lb />Nevertheless, for the reader seeking informa-<lb />tion on Josiah Martin or on the period of his<lb />administration, this book will serve as the basis<lb />for further research.<lb /><lb />William S. Powell, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.<lb /><lb />Suzanne Newton, A Place Between. New York:<lb />Viking Penguin, 1986. 199 pp. $11.95 ISBN 0-670-<lb />80778-8.<lb /><lb />What does it feel like to be caught in the mid-<lb />dle? To be caught between two important times of<lb />your life? To be unhappy with both your choices<lb />and not really understand why? In A Place<lb />Between, Suzanne Newton captures this feeling of<lb />being caught between childhood and adulthood, a<lb />feeling familiar to all adolescents.<lb /><lb />The main character is Arden, the young girl<lb />from An End to Perfect, who thought that the<lb />small North Carolina town of Haverlee where she<lb />had always lived was perfect. When her fatherTs<lb /></p>
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        <p>plant closes in Haverlee, he feels very fortunate to<lb />be transferred to Grierson, a much larger town<lb />where his mother lives. But Arden is desolate at<lb />the idea of moving away and leaving her best<lb />friend, Dorjo. The family moves in with ArdenTs<lb />grandmother, a move no one likes, and Arden be-<lb />gins eighth grade in a brand new school in Grier-<lb />son. She decides from day one to hate it but in<lb />spite of herself manages to make one or two<lb />friends. She never allows herself to feel happy,<lb />though, and is continually miserable. All her<lb />thoughts center around getting back to Haverlee,<lb />and she makes her plans accordingly. She thinks<lb />perhaps she can live with Dorjo or maybe just<lb />camp out in her old house, which hasnTt been sold<lb />yet. She feels an overwhelming sense of loss"of<lb />her old way of life, her old school, her old friends.<lb /><lb />New North Carolina Books<lb /><lb />sometimes sad, sometimes humorous, sometimes<lb />frightening, but always interesting and relevant.<lb />Although A Place Between is written as a sequel to<lb />An End to Perfect, either book can be read alone<lb />as a well-written story. Told from ArdenTs point of<lb />view, the novel is certainly one that will appeal to<lb />adolescents and that will be welcome on the<lb />shelves of public and school libraries.<lb /><lb />Diane Kessler, Durham County Schools.<lb /><lb />Richard Walser and E. T. Malone, Jr. Literary<lb />North Carolina: A Historical Survey, Revised<lb />and Enlarged. Raleigh: Division of Archives and<lb />History, North Carolina Department of Cultural<lb />Resources, 1986. 182 pp. $10.00. ISBN 0-86526-<lb />222-5.<lb /><lb />Keep your Mind in Shape<lb /><lb />Go for it! Use your library!<lb /><lb />But when she returns to Haverlee for a visit,<lb />she finds that things are really not the way she<lb />remembered them. The place that she and Dorjo<lb />used for a hideaway, for example, has been taken<lb />over and ruined by vagrants. Everything seems<lb />spoiled or smaller. When Arden comes back to<lb />Grierson, she tells her brother that she has been<lb />owilderness wandering,� just as he had been sev-<lb />eral years before. She tells him that their grand-<lb />father referred to being between where you had<lb />been and where you were going as owilderness<lb />wandering,� and that she has finally understood<lb />what he meant. She is ready to get on with the<lb />business of living in Grierson. But she will always<lb />be glad she grew up in Haverlee and will always<lb />want to go back to visit.<lb /><lb />Like all of Suzanne NewtonTs other books, A<lb />Place Between deals with the maturing process in<lb />adolescence; in NewtonTs hands the process is<lb /><lb />Sixteen years ago the first edition of Richard<lb />WalserTs Literary North Carolina appeared in<lb />print. Since that time, new writers have gained<lb />statewide and national recognition, interest in<lb />poetry has surged, and another genre of writing,<lb />oWhodunits and Sci-Fi,� has come into its own in<lb />North Carolina.<lb /><lb />Those are some of the developments that are<lb />chronicled in the new version which, like its<lb />predecessor, surveys literary achievement in the<lb />state from the documented recordings of the ear-<lb />liest explorers to the contributions of contempor-<lb />ary authors and their schools of writing. Some<lb />attention is given to out-of-state authors who<lb />have spent time writing in North Carolina.<lb />Pulitzer prize winning poet Carolyn Kizer was<lb />poet-in-residence in Chapel Hill in the seventies,<lb />and Carson McCullers wrote Reflections in a<lb />Golden Eye while living in Fayetteville during the<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"43<lb /></p>
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        <p>New North Carolina Books<lb /><lb />forties.<lb /><lb />Poet laureate Sam Ragan observes that as<lb />many as eighty good poets have been productive<lb />in this decade. Fred Chappell, James Applewhite,<lb />R. T. Smith, Michael McFee, and Lenard D. Moore<lb />are some of those whose work is described. Fic-<lb />tion writers who have arrived lately on the scene<lb />include T. R. Pearson, Lee Smith, Jill McCorkle,<lb />Clyde Edgerton, Gail Godwin, and Angela Davis<lb />Gardner. This edition discusses these new writers<lb />as well as later works of authors who were intro-<lb />duced in the earlier edition. The survey was pub-<lb />lished before the National Book Critics Circle<lb />announced its award to Reynolds Price for his<lb />most recent novel, Kate Vaiden, and before Doris<lb />BettsT Heading West had gone into production as<lb />a movie.<lb /><lb />One of the most important features of the<lb />book is the chapter on publishing. Pulling together<lb />information that is scattered throughout the first<lb />edition and adding new data, Mr. Malone treats<lb />the development of publishing from the time of<lb />the colonyTs official printer, James Davis, to the<lb />recent rise of the small press, an example of<lb />which is Algonquin Books. Established in Chapel<lb />Hill in 1982 by literature professor Louis D. Rubin,<lb />AlgonquinTs policy has been to publish diversified<lb />literature, and its output has included works by<lb />1984 Pulitzer Prize holder Vermont Royster and<lb />more than twenty other books of high quality.<lb />Pembroke Magazine at Pembroke State University<lb />and Cold Mountain Review which has been pub-<lb />lished at Boone since 1974 are two of a fold of<lb />some forty literary journals and other magazines<lb />that have been active in publishing North Caro-<lb /><lb />lina writers in the eighties.<lb /><lb />The richness of the first edition of this title<lb />has been preserved and enhanced by the addition<lb />of new scholarship and new features. One appen-<lb />dix lists recipients of North Carolina literary<lb />awards, and another provides a bibliography of<lb />selected anthologies and general works by North<lb />Carolinians. These will be particularly useful to<lb />the reference librarian in a public, school, or aca-<lb />demic library, and the book is highly recom-<lb />mended for those kinds of collections. There is an<lb />excellent index. A generous number of illustra-<lb />tions amplify the text: reproductions of photo-<lb />graphs, portraits, book jackets, playbills, news-<lb />paper clippings, and six drawings by Mr. Malone.<lb /><lb />Mr. Walser is professor emeritus of English at<lb />North Carolina State University and is respected<lb />for his efforts to encourage and promote the<lb />talents of his fellow writers and for his own con-<lb />siderable output of writing and editing. One of his<lb />best known titles is Nematodes in My Garden of<lb />Verse: A Little Book of Tar Heel Poems, which he<lb />edited. His publishing includes books about Tho-<lb />mas Wolfe, Inglis Fletcher, Bernice Kelly Harris,<lb />and a biography of George Moses Horton entitled<lb />The Black Poet.<lb /><lb />Mr. Malone is on the staff of the Historical<lb />Publications Section of the North Carolina Div-<lb />ision of Archives and History. A poet in his own<lb />right, he has to his credit two collections of his<lb />work: The Cleared Place of Tara and The Tapestry<lb />Maker.<lb /><lb />Rebecca Ballentine, University of North Carolina at Chapel<lb /><lb />Hill. Al<lb /><lb />44"Spring 1987<lb /></p>
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        <p>
          <lb />
          <lb />NCLA Minutes<lb /><lb />North Carolina Library Association<lb />Minutes of the Executive Board<lb />October 22, 1986<lb /><lb />The Executive Board of the North Carolina Library Associa-<lb />tion met on October 22, 1986 at 10:00 a.m. at the Forsyth County<lb />Public Library in Winston-Salem. Executive Board members<lb />present were President Pauline Myrick, Leland Park, Patsy Han-<lb />sel, Rose Simon, Dorothy Campbell, Nancy Fogarty, Frances<lb />Bradburn, Kieth Wright, Arial Stephens, Rebecca Taylor, Eliza-<lb />beth Smith, Janet Rowland, Waltrene Canada, Nancy Massey,<lb />Jean Amelang, April Wreath, Mary Avery, Sylvia Sprinkle-Ham-<lb />lin, Mary McAfee, and J. A. Killian. Committee members present<lb />were Mertys Bell, Eunice Drum, Arabelle Fedora, William H.<lb />Roberts, III, Nancy Bates, William Bridgman, Marjorie Lindsey,<lb />Richard Barker, Frank Sinclair, David Fergusson and John<lb />Thomas. Also present was State Librarian Jane Williams.<lb /><lb />President Myrick called the meeting to order. She recog-<lb />nized Bill Roberts, Director of the Forsyth County Public Library,<lb />who in turn welcomed the Board to the library. Mrs. Myrick<lb />congratulated Jane Williams for having been appointed State<lb />Librarian. She acknowledged the return of Mary Avery, Chair of<lb />the Community and Junior College Section, with a word of wel-<lb />come.<lb /><lb />The minutes of the meeting of July 25, 1986 were approved<lb />as distributed by the secretary.<lb /><lb />President Myrick called for the treasurerTs report. Nancy<lb />Fogarty distributed copies of the report for the period July 1,<lb />1986 - September 30, 1986, showing a cash balance of $4,484.82,<lb />disbursements totaling $14,727.33, section balances totaling<lb />$18,489.09 and a balance of $12,993.69 for North Carolina<lb />Libraries. Fogarty also presented an unofficial report of total<lb />assets, including balances of sections, shown in categories of<lb />restricted and unrestricted funds. She explained that the latter<lb />report was prepared to provide answers to questions that have<lb />been asked about the AssociationTs monies. The usefulness of the<lb />report was acknowledged with thanks by some Board members.<lb /><lb />Fogarty recommended that bonding be established to cover<lb />the office of Treasurer. A motion made by Leland Park that the<lb />Treasurer arrange bonding in the amount of $200,000 was<lb />seconded by Arial Stephens and passed.<lb /><lb />President Myrick called for the report of the Futures Com-<lb />mittee, stating that it had been appointed three years ago by<lb />Past-President Leland Park. Chairperson Arabelle Fedora<lb />introduced the other members of the Committee who were<lb />present and distributed the Final Report of the NCLA Futures<lb />Committee, dated October 22, 1986. She involved the group in<lb />the reading of the entire document of 24 pages, during which<lb />process she called attention to each issue and recommendation<lb />and provided comments about the rationale that influenced the<lb />CommitteeTs decisions. The following issues and recommenda-<lb />tions were noted.<lb /><lb />Issue: What will be the future for the North Carolina<lb />Library Association? The Futures Committee has concluded<lb />that organizational constraints prevent the Executive Board<lb />from exploring critical issues. Thus, its recommendations focus<lb /><lb />on the need for clearer articulation of goals and the removal of<lb />organizational barriers to working on the achievement of those<lb />goals.<lb /><lb />Issue: Statement of Purpose. The Committee recommends<lb />that in Article II of the NCLA Constitution the word oObject� be<lb />changed to oPurpose.�<lb /><lb />Issue: Association Management. Are the administrative<lb />tasks of running NCLA being performed as efficiently as possi-<lb />ble? The Futures Committee recommends that the Association<lb />establish a contract as soon as possible with InfoMarketing Inc.<lb />(IMI), for association management services. It is the opinion of<lb />the Committee that a membership vote on this recommendation<lb />is not necessary.<lb /><lb />Issue: The Structure of NCLA. The Committee recom-<lb />mends comprehensive changes in the structure of the organiza-<lb />tion, for the good of the whole. According to new definitions<lb />suggested by the Committee, oA section shall be that group of<lb />Association members organized for membership alignment with<lb />a type of library.� Thus a special libraries section would be<lb />created. oA roundtable shall be that group of Association<lb />members organized for membership alignment with special<lb />interests and objectives.� Included among such groups would be<lb />ChildrenTs Services, Documents, Ethnic Minority Concerns, Jun-<lb />ior Members, Reference and Adult Services, Status of Women in<lb />Librarianship, and Trustees and Friends.<lb /><lb />It was pointed out that a number of past officers suggested<lb />that the positions of second vice-president and director be elim-<lb />inated since their functions could be assumed by other posi-<lb />tions. The Committee recommends that an executive committee<lb />consisting of the president, vice-president/ president-elect, secre-<lb />tary, treasurer, and past-president (non-voting) be used to<lb />carry on the business of the Association, directing the associa-<lb />tion management firm. The executive board would consist of the<lb />executive committee, section chairpersons, the ALA councilor<lb />(non-voting), SELA representative (non-voting), the editor of<lb />North Carolina Libraries (non-voting), and a parliamentarian<lb />(non-voting) if appointed by the president.<lb /><lb />It is recommended that standing committees should be only<lb />those that relate to the basic maintenance of the Association:<lb />Archives, Finance, Membership, Nominating, Publications, and<lb />Scholarship. All other committees should be formed by the Presi-<lb />dent with specific purposes outlined, based on goals and objec-<lb />tives of the Association. The Spring Workshop should be<lb />discontinued and instead, the committees should meet at their<lb />own convenience as soon as they are formed.<lb /><lb />The Committee recommends that a Publications Committee<lb />be established consisting of a chairman and five members repre-<lb />sentative of various sections. The editor of North Carolina<lb />Libraries would serve in an ex-officio position. The Committee<lb />believes that a broader approach to publishing could then be<lb />achieved and that the Publications Committee could serve as<lb />the mechanism for improving quality and increasing revenues.<lb /><lb />Issue: Membership and Dues. The Futures Committee<lb />believes that if the AssociationTs budget is not sufficient to sup-<lb />port the basic expenses, its recommendation should be that<lb />membership dues be collected annually, on the basis of the<lb />calendar year, rather than increasing the amount of dues.<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"45<lb /></p>
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        <p>NCLA Minutes<lb /><lb />Issue: Annual Elections: The Committee recommends that<lb />NCLA seriously consider annual elections after establishing a<lb />relationship with an association management firm.<lb /><lb />Issue: Annual Conferences. The Committee suggests that<lb />NCLA seriously consider holding annual conferences, after<lb />establishing a relationship with a management firm and after<lb />dues are collected annually.<lb /><lb />Fedora distributed the roster of the Futures Committee.<lb />She offered to meet with anyone interested in discussing the<lb />recommendations.<lb /><lb />Richard Barker, Marjorie Lindsey and John Thomas, other<lb />members of the Futures Committee who were present, were<lb />recognized by Mrs. Myrick, and each of them expressed the hope<lb />that the recommendations would be carefully considered.<lb /><lb />President Myrick commended the Futures Committee for its<lb />good work, noting that more than two years of study have been<lb />devoted to the task. She urged that careful thinking be given the<lb />report to avoid coming to hasty conclusions. In January we will<lb />have more information about the management recommenda-<lb />tion which may not have to go through membership before a<lb />decision can be made. During discussion that followed it was<lb />pointed out that input obtained from sections should include<lb />indication of the services provided by IMI, the recommended<lb />management firm, that would be needed.<lb /><lb />Past President Leland Park expressed his personal thanks<lb />to the Committee and stated that NCLA must continue to func-<lb />tion as a self-directed professional association. He urged that<lb />services of a management firm be looked at as administrative<lb />assistance.<lb /><lb />Discussion followed concerning the appropriate way to dis-<lb />seminate the information. Kieth Wright recommended that the<lb />report be sent to every member of NCLA with the request that<lb />comments be directed to the Executive Board before time for its<lb />discussion in January. Nancy Massey moved that the report be<lb />mailed to the entire membership in an expeditious and econom-<lb />ical manner. The motion was seconded by Rebecca Taylor and<lb />passed.<lb /><lb />The President called for the report of the Nominating<lb />Committee. Chairperson Mertys Bell passed out copies of the<lb />report and presented the slate of officers for NCLA for the 1987-<lb />89 biennium as follows:<lb /><lb />First Vice-President and President-Elect: Barbara A.<lb /><lb />Baker, Durham Technical College, Durham; Shirley B.<lb /><lb />McLaughlin, Asheville-Buncombe Technical College, Ashe-<lb /><lb />ville.<lb />Second Vice-President: Nelda C. Caddell, South Central<lb /><lb />Regional Education Center, Carthage; Ray A. Frankle, J.<lb /><lb />Murrey Atkins Library, UNC-Charlotte.<lb /><lb />Secretary: Gloria Miller, Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools,<lb /><lb />Charlotte; Susan M. Squires, Greensboro College Library,<lb /><lb />Greensboro.<lb /><lb />Directors: Vivian W. Beech, New Hanover County Public<lb /><lb />Library, Wilmington; Janet L. Freeman, Carlyle Campbell<lb /><lb />Library, Meredith College, Raleigh; Nancy O. Massey,<lb /><lb />Hyconeechee Regional Library, Yanceyville; Howard F.<lb /><lb />McGinn, State Library, Raleigh.<lb /><lb />The Nominating Committee's report was accepted.<lb /><lb />Kieth Wright, ALA Councilor, announced that free access to<lb />ALA through Alanet has been established by the Executive<lb />Secretary and the Executive Committee of ALA to provide a link<lb />between ALA and state associations. Board members who<lb />would like to use this means of communicating may obtain the<lb />pass number from Wright.<lb /><lb />President Myrick informed the Board that she must attend<lb />a meeting of the NCASL for lunch. She asked Patsy Hansel to<lb />chair the meeting during her absence.<lb /><lb />The meeting was adjourned for lunch at 12:00. It was re-<lb />convened at 1:15 p.m. with Patsy Hansel presiding.<lb /><lb />46"Spring 1987<lb /><lb />In the absence of Jerry Thrasher, Hansel presented high-<lb />lights from a report submitted by Thrasher on the SELA Bien-<lb />nial Conference held October 14-18 in Atlanta. It was noted that<lb />North Carolina ranked second in attendance and that several<lb />North Carolinians were on the program.<lb /><lb />Frances Bradburn announced that the Education issue of<lb />North Carolina Libraries with Ben Speller as guest editor is<lb />scheduled to be mailed on January 30, 1987. Future issues and<lb />their editors include: Spring 1987"Status of Women and Minor-<lb />ities in Librarianship, Jean Weldon, guest editor; Summer<lb />1987"School Librarianship, Katherine Cagle, guest editor; Fall<lb />1987"Intellectual Freedom, Gene Lanier, guest editor; Winter<lb />1987"Conference Issue.<lb /><lb />Bradburn reported that the North Carolina Libraries<lb />Executive Board has decided upon the following rate changes<lb />for institutional members: Yearly Subscription rate"$32.00;<lb />single issue rate"$10.00. It was mentioned that use is being<lb />made of the North Carolina Libraries Style Manual which<lb />Michael Cotter revised before he resigned from the NCL Board.<lb />Lisa Dalton has replaced Cotter on the Board.<lb /><lb />Reporting for the ChildrenTs Services Section, Rebecca Tay-<lb />lor told the Executive Board that The Chapbook was mailed out<lb />on October 4. Copies were sent to NCLA Board members. The<lb />Section is planning to present a speaker during the 1987 NCLA<lb />Conference. The history of the Section is now in rough draft<lb />form.<lb /><lb />Elizabeth Smith, Chair of the College and University Section,<lb />reported that the Section is continuing to plan for a program on<lb />online catalogs to be held in the Spring of 1987. It is expected<lb />that a decision will be reached in November concerning spon-<lb />sorship of the ALA/LAMA Institute oManagement of the Online<lb />Catalog.�<lb /><lb />Mary Avery informed the Board that a meeting of the Com-<lb />munity and Junior College SectionTs board will be held soon.<lb /><lb />Reporting for the Documents Section, Janet Rowland, out-<lb />going Chair, announced that beginning today Waltrene Canada<lb />is the SectionTs Chair. Canada has planned the program oUnfold-<lb />ing Maps,� which is scheduled to be presented on November 7 at<lb />the Hilton Hotel in Greensboro. Rowland stated that Marjorie<lb />LindseyTs article oState Documents: Proposed Statewide Deposi-<lb />tory Systems� will be published in the Fall 1986 issue of Popular<lb />Government. Pat Langelier recently reported to the Section that<lb />the funding of the bill drafted by the SectionTs State Documents<lb />Depository System Committee has been included in the<lb />Department of Cultural ResourcesT request to the Governor.<lb /><lb />J. A. Killian greeted the Board on behalf of the North Caro-<lb />lina Public Library Trustee Association. He stated that attention<lb />of the Association is being focused on plans for next yearTs con-<lb />ference.<lb /><lb />The report of the Public Library Section was given by Chair-<lb />person Nancy Massey. She announced that the Adult Services<lb />Committee has scheduled a November workshop on resources<lb />in each of the areas of statistics, medicine and law. The award<lb />recipients of the SectionTs Research Grant Program will be<lb />named following the reviewing of grant applications by the<lb />Development Committee. The Genealogy/Local History Commit-<lb />tee is continuing to work on a manual for public libraries, with<lb />the assistance of Ms. Alice Cotten of the North Carolina Collec-<lb />tion at UNC-Chapel Hill. Workshops on fund raising for public<lb />library construction were sponsored by the Trustee/Friends<lb />Committee in Fayetteville and Lexington. Other committees of<lb />the Public Library Section that have reported on future pro-<lb />grams include the Young Adult Committee and the Literacy<lb />Committee.<lb /><lb />Jean Amelang, reporting for the Reference and Adult Serv-<lb />ices Section, announced that on November 7, 1986, the Com-<lb />mittee will co-sponsor with the North Carolina Library Staff<lb />Development Program a workshop oHigh Touch/High-Tech:<lb /></p>
        <pb facs="00027314_0053" />
        <p>Enhancing Reference Service with Technology,� at North Caro-<lb />lina Central University in Durham. She presented details of the<lb />plans.<lb /><lb />Chair of the Resources and Technical Services Section, April<lb />Wreath, reported that plans have been completed for the Sec-<lb />tionTs Fall Conference scheduled to be held September 23-24,<lb />1986 in Southern Pines. She stated that further consideration<lb />has been given to the idea of co-sponsoring with the College and<lb />University Section an ALA Conference on Management of the<lb />Online Catalog.<lb /><lb />The report of the Round Table for Ethnic Minority Concerns<lb />was given by Sylvia Sprinkle-Hamlin, Chairperson. REMCO is<lb />planning a mid-winter workshop on African-American geneal-<lb />ogy. It is also collaborating with the Round Table on the Status<lb />of Women in Librarianship and the Public Library Section to<lb />arrange to co-sponsor Maya Angelou as guest speaker during<lb />the 1987 NCLA Biennial Conference.<lb /><lb />Mary McAfee, Chair of the Round Table on the Status of<lb />Women, announced that at the NCASL Biennial Work Confer-<lb />ence, the Round Table will present two concurrent sessions of<lb />the program oEverything We Wish We Had Known when We<lb />Started Out.� Another issue of MsManagement is scheduled to be<lb />distributed soon. Plans for the 1987 NCLA Conference include<lb />sponsoring a reception and co-sponsoring Maya Angelou.<lb /><lb />Arial Stephens, reporting for the Networking Committee,<lb />stated that networking plans are being carried out progres-<lb />sively. He called the attention of the Board to the recently<lb />published article in Tar Heel Libraries which updates the<lb />information.<lb /><lb />State Librarian Jane Williams reported that the next issue<lb />of Tar Heel Libraries will carry a report of the recently held<lb />Governor's Press Conference during which Governor Martin<lb />strongly endorsed the State Library's program of information<lb />networking. During September, a priority was providing training<lb />in the use of the Western Union Electronic Mail/Bulletin Board<lb />services. Ms, Williams mentioned that there are now fifty users<lb />of the online catalog.<lb /><lb />Reporting as the newly appointed chair of the Literacy<lb />Committee, Nancy Bates announced the names of the Commit-<lb />tee and stated that a planning meeting will be held on October<lb />28 at the Davidson County Public Library in Lexington. It is<lb />expected that the Committee will work closely with the Public<lb />Library SectionTs Literacy Committee. Bates requested that sug-<lb />gestions be forwarded to the Committee.<lb /><lb />Representing the North Carolina Public Library Directors<lb />Association, Bill Roberts announced that the AssociationTs 7th<lb />annual banquet will be held next month at which time the Dis-<lb />tinguished Service Award will be presented to Secretary Patric<lb />Dorsey of the Department of Cultural Resources. He said the<lb />Association is continuing its effort to define its role in relation to<lb />that of the Public Library Section.<lb /><lb />The report of the 1987 NCLA Conference Planning Commit-<lb />tee was given by Patsy Hansel and Bill Roberts. The Conference<lb />is scheduled to be held October 28-30, 1987 at the Benton Con-<lb />vention Center in Winston-Salem. Board members were given<lb />copies of the CommitteeTs Minutes/Report dated September 29,<lb />1986, the roster of the Planning Committee and a tentative<lb />schedule of the program. Hansel reviewed the basic plans in<lb />which are included an all-conference dinner, a champagne<lb />luncheon instead of a banquet, the presentation of Maya Ange-<lb />lou, Calvin Trillin and Herbert White as speakers, and exhibits.<lb />She reported that due to an increase in the cost of the facilities,<lb />the Committee determined that the cost of exhibit booths<lb />should be raised. It was recommended that the Executive Board<lb />take action to approve these proposed charges for vendorsT use<lb />of the exhibition area: The cost of a booth reserved before May 1<lb />would be $300; a second booth would cost $200; the late, after-<lb />May 1 fee would be an additional $50. The late cost for a second<lb />booth would remain $200. The fees would cover carpet for the<lb /><lb />NCLA Minutes<lb /><lb />booths and the aisles. Hansel moved that the recommendation<lb />be accepted. The motion was seconded by Nancy Massey and<lb />passed.<lb /><lb />Hansel then presented the statement of registration fees<lb />decided upon for recommendation to the NCLA Executive<lb />Board. Nancy Massey moved that the proposed schedule of fees<lb />for the conference registration included in the Conference Plan-<lb />ning Committee Report be approved. The motion was seconded<lb />by Mary McAfee and passed.<lb /><lb />Bill Roberts announced that an all-conference reception<lb />will be held on October 28 at the Forsyth County Public Library<lb />following the closing of the exhibits. He mentioned that the<lb />Hyatt is the hotel for the conference. Hansel urged that sections<lb />that have not submitted program plans should send their<lb />request forms to the Planning Committee as early as possible.<lb />She mentioned that the schedule presented today is a basic<lb />outline. Suggestions are welcome. It was reported that Art<lb />Weeks has suggested the theme which seems to be acceptable. It<lb />is oLibraries: Spread the News.� David Fergusson, program<lb />chairman, commented about the plan to hold table talks.<lb /><lb />The report of the 1989 Conference Planning Committee was<lb />given by Arial Stephens. The Committee advises that the dates<lb />for the Conference be changed. Stephens moved that the dates<lb />for the 1989 Conference scheduled to be held at the Civic Center<lb />&amp; Radisson Hotel in Charlotte be changed from October 24-27,<lb />1989 to October 10-13. The motion was seconded by J. A. Killian<lb />and passed. It was noted that the 1991 conference will be held in<lb />Raleigh.<lb /><lb />Rose Simon, Second Vice-President, announced that copies<lb />of the brochure oCome Alive with NCLA� are available.<lb /><lb />Nancy Fogarty advised that the stated procedure be<lb />adhered to when use of the bulk mail permit is needed.<lb /><lb />President Myrick called for old business. Patsy Hansel asked<lb />if the question of the possibility of allocating some money to the<lb />sections and roundtables could now be addressed. During the<lb />discussion which ensued, it was noted that the Futures Commit-<lb />tee did not address the question, although it had been referred<lb />to it. Nancy Fogarty suggested that the outcome of the Futures<lb />CommitteeTs recommendation that a management firm be hired<lb />should be known before this question is decided. Comments of<lb />several other members reflected the opinion that a decision<lb />should not be made at this time.<lb /><lb />President Myrick called for new business. None was men-<lb />tioned.<lb /><lb />President Myrick thanked everyone for being present today.<lb />She reminded the Board that the next meeting will be held at<lb />the Cumberland County Public Library on January 23, 1987.<lb /><lb />There being no further business, the meeting was adjourned<lb />at 2:30 p.m.<lb /><lb />a<lb />Dorothy W. Campbell, Secretary al<lb /><lb />is<lb /><lb />1987 Spring"47<lb /></p>
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          <lb />ALA Midwinter Report<lb /><lb />American Library Association<lb />Midwinter Meeting ALA Council<lb />January 24, 1987<lb /><lb />1. Council met in three sessions for action on a variety of issues,<lb />many of which related to the federal government and its policies<lb />related to information.<lb />2. ALA members should be alert to a series of new benefits of<lb />membership when they renew their membership. A series of<lb />investment and credit card options will be available.<lb />3. The American Library Association is operating in the black<lb />and will move from a cash basis accounting system to an accrual<lb />accounting system in September 1987. This move is in line with<lb />GAP principles and will more clearly reflect the obligations as<lb />well as the potential income of the association.<lb />4, At the request of the Documents Section Depository System<lb />Committee, a resolution supporting the North Carolina State<lb />Publications depository bill was introduced in Council and<lb />passed as an ALA Council resolution on 1/21/87. Support from<lb />ASCLA Board, the GODORT group and other state councilors<lb />made passage relatively easy. Diana Young, Councilor at Large<lb />was the seconder of the resolution.<lb />5. Various book awards:<lb />Coretta Scott King"Walter, Mildred. Justin and the Best<lb />Biscuits in the World<lb />Award for Illustration"Jerry Pinkney illustrator of Half a<lb />Moon and One Whole Star.<lb />Batchelder Award"No Hero for the Kaiser, by Rudolph<lb />Frank.<lb />Caldecott Medal"Egielski, Richard. Hey Al. Farrar, Straus<lb />&amp; Giroux.<lb />Honor Books"(1) Village of Round and Square Houses ill.<lb />by Ann Grifalconi, Brown, Little. (2) Alphabetics. ill. by<lb />Suse MacDonald, Bradbury, (3) Rumpelstiltskin. ill. by<lb /><lb />@<lb /><lb />48"Spring 1987<lb /><lb />Have a question?<lb />Call the library!<lb /><lb />a<lb /><lb />Paul Zelinski, Dutton.<lb /><lb />Newbery Medal"Fleischman, Sid. The Whipping Boy.<lb />Greenwillow.<lb /><lb />Honor Books"(1) Bauer, M. On My Honor. Clarion. (2)<lb />Lauber, Patricia. Volcano. Bradbury. (3) Rylant, Cynthia.<lb />A Fine White Dust. Bradbury.<lb /><lb />6. Candidates for President of ALA.<lb />"William Summers, Dean, Florida State University Library<lb />Science Program<lb />"Thomas Dowlin, Director of Library, Pikes Peak Library<lb />System<lb />"Linda Ann Doughtery, Chicago Public"Petition Candi-<lb />date.<lb />7. Watch for: oA Public Library Card for Every School Child.�<lb />Outcry over the next Librarian of Congress.<lb />Special flight and housing arrangements for San<lb />Francisco Meeting of ALA.<lb />ALANET PLUS Services for databases at a flat fee<lb />based on the 10 most recent articles.<lb />CD/ROMS everywhere for everything, most inter-<lb />esting for<lb />Academic Libraries: Massive amounts of statisti-<lb />cal data collected, easily searched and arranged<lb />Public Libraries: Online catalogs on CD/ROM with<lb />frequent updates and cheap copy duplication for<lb />either full text of journals or catalogs in local<lb />agencies<lb />School Library Media Centers: Wilson indexes on<lb />CD/ROM with free one year online searching of<lb />databases purchased on CD/ROM<lb /><lb />Kieth C. Wright, NCLA Councilor<lb />@<lb />al<lb /><lb /></p>
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