Text encoded by Digital Collections East Carolina University. J. Y. Joyner Library
Digital Collections Joyner Library, East Carolina University East Fifth Street, Greenville NC 27858-4353 USA
2012

All quotation marks retained as data.

All end-of-line hyphens have been removed, and the trailing part of a word has been joined to the preceding line.

All smart quotes have been converted into straight quotes.

 Library of Congress Subject Headings English

[This text is machine generated and may contain errors.]

A non-reader in prisonis truly locked outas well as locked up.

PresidentLELAND M. PARKDavidson College LibraryDavidson, NC 28036(704) 892-2000 Ext. 331First Vice-President/President-ElectPAULINE F. MYRICKMoore County SchoolsBox 307Carthage, NC 28327(919) 947-2976Second Vice-PresidentM. JANE WILLIAMSDivision of State Library109 East Jones StreetRaleigh, NC 27611(919) 733-2570SecretaryROBERTA S. WILLIAMSTransylvania County Library105 South Broad StreetBrevard, NC 28712(704) 884-3151TreasurerEUNICE P, DRUMBox 40034Raleigh, NC 27604(919) 733-4488Director :SHIRLEY B. McLAUGHLINAsheville-Buncombe TechnicalCollege840 Victoria RoadAsheville, NC 28801(704) 254-1921 Ext, 300DirectorJERRY A. THRASHERCumberland County PublicLibraryBox 1720Fayetteville, NC 28302(919) 483-1580Past President "MERTYS W. BELL5608 Scotland RoadGreensboro, NC 27407ALA RepresentativeEMILY BOYCEDepartment of Library ScienceEast Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC 27834(919) 757-6621NCLA EXECUTIVE BOARD1983-85SELA RepresentativeREBECCA S. BALLENTINEInstitute of GovernmentUNC-Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC 27514(919) 966-4130Editor, North CarolinaLibrariesPATSY J. HANSELCumberland County Public LibraryP.O. Box 1720Fayetteville, NC 28302(919) 483-8600SECTION/ROUND TABLE CHAIRSChildrenTs ServicesKAREN M. PERRYArchdale-Trinity Middle SchoolBox 232Trinity, NC 27370(919) 431-6714College and UniversityROBERT N. BLANDRamsey LibraryUNC-Asheville, NC 28814(704) 258-6543Community and JuniorCollege LibrariesMARY AVERYLearning Resources CenterRowan Technical CollegeBox 1595Salisbury, NC 28144(704) 637-0760DocumentsSTUART BASEFSKYDuke University Library_ Durham, NC 27606(919) 684-2373Junior Members Round TableVIVIAN W.BEECHNew Hanover County PublicLibrary201 Chestnut StreetWilmington, NC 28403(919) 763-3303~N.C. Association of School- Librarians ;JUDIE DAVIEGreensboro Public SchoolsDrawer V _Greensboro, NC 27402(919) 378-9981Public LibraryJUDITH K. SUTTONPublic Library of Charlotteand Mecklenburg County310 North Tryon StreetCharlotte, NC 28202(704) 336-2660Reference and Adult ServicesLARRY BARRDepartment of Library andMedia StudiesAppalachian State UniversityBoone, NC 28608(704) 262-2243Resources and Technical ServicesBENJAMIN F. SPELLER, JR.School of Library ScienceNorth Carolina Central UnviersitYDurham, NC 27707(919) 683-6485Round Table for Ethnic MinorityConcernsMARY P. WILLIAMSJ. Y. Joyner LibraryEast Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC 27834(919) 757-6691Round Table on the Status ofWomen in LibrarianshipPATSY J. HANSELCumberland County PublicLibraryBox 1720Fayetteville, NC 28302(919) 483-8600TrusteesJ. A. oJAKE� KILLIANP.O. Box 143Peachland, NC 28133(704) 272-8375

iSth cQIOINOCOISISSN 0029-2540TABLE OF CONTENTSTheme Articles: Institutional Librariesin North Carolina133 Introduction, James R. Myrick135 OBerry Center Resident Library, RobertC. Kemper and Nancy Hardee138 Library Services at Broughton Hospital,Mary E. Bush140 The Governor Morehead School Library,Alice B. Walker143 Library Services for Deaf Students,Wrenn Sharpe146 Library Service at the North CarolinaSpecial Care Center, Johnnie M.McManus147 The PatientsT Library at Cherry Hospital,Dale E. Doverspike149 Beyond Books, Carol P. Lachenman151 Organizing and Establishing a PrisonLibrary, Mike Johnson andSandra Morris156 Finding the Line, John MichaudCover: Mike Johnson and Sandra Morris, oOrganizing and Estab-lishing a prison library,� NorthCarolinaLibraries44 (Fall 1985):151-155Volume 43, Number 3Fall 1985158 I Work in a Prison, Michael Childress160 A PrisonTs Library"A Look Inside,Betty J. Gholston and P. T.Lancaster162 Sandhills Youth Center Library, RobertE. Drake164 Computer Project at Western CarolinaCenter Library, Bird R. Williams166 Use of a Microcomputer with Residentsand Staff at a State InstitutionServing Mentally Retarded Persons,Mary Lou LyonFeatures131 From the President, Leland Park172 Supervision of the Libraries in a SchoolSystem, Arabelle Fedora176 A Twenty-Five-Year-Old Dream BecomesReality, Nancy F. Bates178 In Pursuit of State Aid, Nancy F. Bates180 New North Carolina Books190 NCLA MinutesAdvertisers: Ebsco, 148, 189; H. W. Wilson, 171; McGregor, 132;Ruzicka, 150, 161.

Institutional membership in the North CarolinaLibrary Association is an important way to promotelibraries and library service in the state. Librariesand media, learning resources and informationcenters are eligible for institutional membership.Dues are $50.00 per biennium. NCLA currently hasthe following 52 institutional members:Barber-Scotia College Learning ResourcesCenterBowman Gray School of Medicine,Carpenter LibraryBurroughs Wellcome Company LibraryCape Fear Academy LibraryCatawba College LibraryCatawba County LibraryCecils Junior College LibraryPublic Library of Charlotte andMecklenburg CountyCleveland County Memorial LibraryColumbus County Public LibraryLibrary of Davidson CollegeDavidson County Library SystemDuke University, Perkins Library�,�ast Carolina University, Joyner LibraryEdgecombe County Memorial LibraryElon College LibraryFarmville Public LibraryForsyth County Public LibraryGardner-Webb College, Dover LibraryGreensboro Public LibraryGuilford College LibraryHenderson County Public LibraryIredell County Public LibraryPublic Library of Johnston County andSmithfieldLivingston College, Carnegie Library130"North Carolina LibrariesMethodist College, Davis LibraryMontreat-Anderson College, Bell LibraryNorth Carolina Central University, ShepardLibraryNorth Carolina School of the Arts LibraryNorth Carolina State LibraryNorth Carolina State University, Hill LibraryNorth Carolina Wesleyan College LibraryPack Memorial Public Library (Asheville)Pender County LibraryRandolph County Public LibraryRobeson County Public LibraryRockingham County Public LibrarySt. Mary's College, Kenan LibrarySalem Academy and College, GramleyLibrarySampson-Clinton Public LibrarySandhill Regional Library SystemScotland County SchoolsSheppard Memorial Library (Greenville)Southern Pines Public LibraryUnion County Public LibraryUNC-Asheville, Ramsey LibraryUNC-Chapel Hill, School of Library ScienceUNC-Charlotte, Atkins LibraryUNC-Greensboro, Jackson LibraryUNC-Wilmington, Randall LibraryWake Forest University LibraryWestern Carolina University, Hunter Library

From The PresidentIn The News. NCLA and NCLAers have beenin the news in recent months, and it has beenimpressive. I attended the ALA conference inChicago this summer and decided that my sched-ule would be to appear anywhere and everywherean NCLAer was on a program, receiving an award,presenting a paper or workshop, etc. Try as I did,I couldnTt get to every one of the events, so manywere there. Everywhere I turned Tar Heels werethere and involved and leading and being recog-nized. The headline news was that Dr. MarilynMiller of the School of Library Science/UNC-Chapel Hill was elected on a write-in ballot aspresident-elect of the American Association ofSchool Librarians. Also, NCLATs Intellectual Free-dom Committee under the leadership of Dr. GeneLanier received the ALA Intellectual FreedomRound TableTs State Program Award. The awardrecognized the program which has been carriedout by Dr. Lanier and his committee for the pastseveral years. If you read the papers, you willknow that they have had ample cause to be busy,too! Our congratulations to these folks and also toall of the other Tar Heels who believe that we area part of a bigger library world and work for itsbetterment.Louise Boone. By the time this reaches theprinter, Miss Louise V. Boone, Director of the EastAlbemarle Regional Library System, will haveretired. She has earned her retirement, in fact shehas earned a splendid retirement. No one haslabored more faithfully and fairly and effectivelyfor the betterment of libraries in our state thanhas this charming lady. Louise Boone has servedas chairman of the Governmental RelationsCommittee, leading the troops to Washington, toRaleigh, or to any place needed to rally-the-flagand spread the gospel of library service. Itmattered not whether the issue at hand directlyaffected her eastern North Carolina librarySystem. If it is good for libraries"any libraries "count on Louise Boone to be there and to beheard. She has our admiration, our deepest8ratitude, our best wishes, and our love.stand up forlibrariesNORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATIONNew Libraries. Two library systems recentlydedicated new library facilities, and I had thepleasure of representing you at the festivities. TheDavidson County Public Library System, Mrs.Nancy Bates"Director, has moved its head-quarters library into a newly renovated grocerystore ... and such a grocery store! Dr. WilliamFriday, President of the Consolidated Universityof North Carolina, was the principal speaker, andthere were large numbers of well-wishers there,also. The Thomas H. Leath Memorial Library inRockingham, William Bridgman"Director, JakeKillian"Chairman of the Board, was dedicated inlate July. Secretary of Cultural Resources PatricDorsey introduced Governor James G. Martinwho had the dedication address; Lt. GovernorRobert Jordan III brought greetings; and a host ofother dignitaries shared in the limelight of thisglorious day. (The Leath Library, by the way, isaformer grocery store, too! oMr. Winn Dixie� wouldbe green with envy if he saw these two buildingsnow.) There have been other dedications which Ihave not been able to attend, but each representsone more testimony to the movement in our greatstate for the improvement and expansion oflibrary services to all. We have much for which tobe proud ... and thankful.New News. Our sections have been active intheir own right as publishers of newsletters fortheir members. July saw the appearance of thenewest one, oThe Reference Desk,� published bythe Reference and Adult Services Section, JoelSigmon"editor. It promises to become a main-stay in NCLATs publishing efforts. Our congratula-tions.Reflections. It is now mid-August and thepace has been fast and furious for many NCLAersworking to pull together the most outstandingconference ever. October 2-4 in Raleigh will be aoshower of stars.� Governor and Mrs. James G.Martin, Lt. Governor Robert Jordan III, AttorneyGeneral Lacy H. Thornburg, Secretary of CulturalResources Patric Dorsey, Associate N.C. Super-intendent of Public Instruction Dudley Flood,ALA President Emeritus E.J. Josey, Congressman1985 Fall"131

Major Owens, author David McPhail, author JoeMcGinniss, and Ogilvie Lecturer Charles V. Pettycomprise a most impressive line-up. I cannotremember in my twenty years with NCLA everhaving this many public figures accepting invita-tions to share in our biennial conference"and itTsnot even an election year! I think this indicatesthat NCLA and the library movement across ourstate have been energized. We are oStanding Upfor Libraries� and being counted on to representand to explain that which is good and that whichcan be improved. There is momentum andprogress; it is essential that we continue it.The past two years for me personally havebeen rewarding. I have met librarians and friendsof libraries across this state and region whom Iwould not otherwise have had the opportunity tomeet; I have learned more about and greatlyincreased my awareness of and appreciation fortypes of libraries other than that in which I work;I have had reaffirmed the inherent goodness inothers as time and time again acts of kindness,concern, hard work and professionalism areexhibited by NCLAers from one end of the state tothe other; I have been amazed at the time andmoney and effort and distances traveled whichlibrarians will incur in order to do their part inthis great march forward. You, my friends, are animpressive association in every sense of the word.I salute especially those who have been inleadership positions this biennium, and there aremany, too many to list. The executive board hasbeen outstanding. They worked hard and withgood humor and patience. The committee chair-men have made impressive contributions. Theconference committee is professional and tirelessin its work. The staff of the State Library hasbelonged to the association, supported andworked with us, and we are grateful. Our newfriend in the Department of Cultural Resources,Secretary Patric Dorsey, has come to our meet-ings, participated in our activities, helped in somany ways. We welcome her and look forward toa continuation of this special association.You have been asked to oStand Up forLibraries� these past two years, and that you havedone. All over this state there is renewed evidenceof growing appreciation and advocacy for librar-ies, and it is thanks to the leadership and work ofeach of you. As Jamie Wyeth said so eloquently:oWorking within the framework of a strongtradition can produce many achievements thatcreate their own tradition.� We have a splendidand challenging tradition in NCLA out of whichwill come an even finer tradition of service. Isalute you all. And I thank you for the honor of132"North Carolina Librariesserving this past term as your president. Icommend to you a charming lady, your newpresident, Mrs. Pauline F. Myrick, as she workswith you in oExalting Learning and Libraries.�God Bless.Leland M. Park, Presidentte ayencyoPERSONALIZED�SUBSCRIPTION SERVICEMcGregor can simplify complex andtime consuming problems of periodi-cal procurement involving research,ordering, payments, renewals andrecord keeping. Prompt courteousservice has been a tradition withMcGregor since 1933.e All domestic and foreign titlesTitle ResearchPrepaid SubscriptionsAutomatic RenewalsPersonal Service RepresentativesCall or write for catalog today815 734-4183MCGREGOR MAGAZINE AGENCYMount Morris, Illinois 61054

eee meanIntroductionInstitutional Libraries in North CarolinaJames R. Myrickws hs a ai mcm tNaThe North Carolina State Library focuses itsinstitutional consultive services on the institu-tions found in the Department of Human Re-sources and the Department of Correction. Thereare currently 107 such institutions that includeschools for the deaf or blind, centers for thementally retarded, mental hospitals, alcoholicrehabilitation centers, prisons, special schoolsand special hospitals. Collectively, these institu-tions serve a resident population of approximate-ly 24,000. As there is no central library authorityin the Department of Human Resources and sincethe library consultant in the Department ofCorrection is responsible principally for theprison law libraries, the administration of eachinstitution is left to determine, independently, itscommitment to library service. Continuity inpublic library types of services to residents ofstate institutions has come from the state library,in the Department of Cultural Resources, due toits administration of federal and state grants andits consultive services.The state library awarded its first grants toinstitutional libraries in 1968, via the availabilityof funds allocated to Title I of the Library Servicesand Construction Act (LSCA). Its plan was to usefederal funds to buy books and other librarymaterials, purchase library equipment and totrain staff or residents of the institutions tooperate the library. The expectation was that theinstitutions would continue to support the libraryat the expiration of the grant period. Since 1968,the General Assembly also has appropriatedlimited funds to the state library to be used forestablishment grants for new libraries in institu-tions. These libraries were to serve to demon-strate the value of library service and to serve asmodels for further development.While there are now library materials avail-able in all the aforementioned institutions, thequality of library service varies enormously. It is aJames R. Myrick is Coordinator of Automated Services withthe Flint River Regional Library in Griffin, Georgia. Hisformer position was Institutional Consultant, Division ofState Library, North Carolina Department of CulturalResources.constant challenge to the state library to main-tain and improve levels of library service when nocontrol can be exercised over the administrationof the institutions and provision of library serviceis neither part of the mission, nor a high priority,of the institutions. To compound the problem,because of limited resources, institutions haveattempted, from time to time, to divert LSCAfunding from the library program to otherinstitutional programs considered to be of higherpriority. The major contribution of the institu-tions to their library programs has been provisionof library personnel; however, all too frequently,library positions are vulnerable to transferralor elimination. Demonstrated success of libraryprograms in institutions correlates directly withthe motivation and interest of the library staff.One of the more important aspects of state libraryconsultive services is training of institutionallibrary personnel. Almost as important is main-taining constant communication with the institu-tional libraries.Department of CorrectionNorth Carolina has one of the largest prisonsystems in the country. It currently totals 87separate correctional facilities that include treat-ment facilities for women (half-way houses), fieldunits (road camps), youth centers and adultSs elOften, with the exception of afew newspaper and magazinesubscriptions purchased withprison canteen profits, librarymaterials consist solely of oldand outworn donations." esprisons. There is a great range in the residentpopulation of these units, the smallest having onlyeight and the largest over one thousand. As onemight expect, the smaller the correctional unit,the more difficult it is to establish a library. It is1985 Fall"133

possible that the denomination of olibrary� isinappropriate in this context, for the olibrary�may be only a few bookshelves in the unit barbershop or it may be some discarded public schoolmaterials in a locked closet in a trailer. Often,with the exception of a few newspaper andmagazine subscriptions purchased with prisoncanteen profits, library materials consist solely ofold and outworn donations.The state library does not have the resourcesto meet the needs of all the correctional libraries;however, the larger adult prisons receive newbooks from the state library on a fairly regularbasis. The best prison libraries are found in theyouth centers. These centers have a strongeducational program, they all have librarians onstaff and they have received the largest grantsfrom the state library over the years. Theircollections include not only books and magazines,but also contain filmstrips, phonodiscs, and othermedia.Department of Human ResourcesThere are twenty institutions in the Depart-ment of Human Resources that include mentalhospitals, centers for the mentally retarded,alcoholic rehabilitation centers and_ specialschools. Populations of these institutions rangefrom about 75 to over twelve hundred. Libraryservices in these institutions that dre associatedwith well-established educational componentshave been the most successful, although dona-tions still form the core of most collections.The most successful librariesare found in the school for theblind and the schools for thedeaf.In the mid and late T70Ts, on both the nationaland state level, a concerted effort was made todeinstitutionalize populations and move theminto societal and educational mainstreams. Thecatalyst for this was a growing public disillusion-ment with the institutional process and resultedin repercussions on the constitution of thepopulations of mental institutions, schools for thedeaf or blind, or mentally retarded centers. Theless severe cases were subsequently reassigned tolocal mental health centers or the public schools,or they were released. This has had profoundimplications for both library programming and134"North Carolina Librariescollection orientation, for, as patient populationsdeclined, library service was obliged to focus onthe nucleus of chronic or severe cases thatremained in the institutions.Paralleling the systematic deinstitutionaliza-tion of the handicapped is a program to ensurethat their treatment take place in an environmentthat places the least possible restrictions on theirdevelopmental potential. This program affirmsthat educational or recreational materials usedby the mentally retarded should reflect, as nearlyas possible, their chronological age and notnecessarily their mental age. This has madeselection of library materials extremely difficultfor it is practically impossible to find librarymaterials that correspond to the physical ages ofprofoundly mentally retarded patients on levelsappropriate to their mental capacities.The most successful libraries are found in theschool for the blind and the schools for the deaf.Their libraries in general appearance, organiza-tion and function strongly resemble school mediacenters. They have comparatively better trainedstaff, substantial collections, varied materials anda history of continuous service. However, theseschools now have students who might not only bedeaf or blind, but profoundly mentally retardedor disruptive as well.ConclusionsCurrently, library materials are available inall the institutions of the Department of HumanResources and the Department of Correction;however, the collections are very uneven both inquality and quantity. From the state libraryTspoint of view, institutional libraries are woefullyinadequate and the impediments to improvementare formidable. In the institutions of the Depart-ment of Correction, highest priorities are given tocustody, control and security; in the institutionsof the Department of Human Resources, highestpriorities are given to rehabilitation and deinsti-tutionalization. If progress is to be made, thebenefits that can accrue to library patrons, bothprisoner and patient, must be demonstrated in aconvincing manner to institutional administra-tors. If this is accomplished, it should lead to thesignificantly higher levels of funding necessary tobuild collections, provide equipment and staff thelibraries.In the following pages will be found severalarticles by educators, institutional librarians,library technicians, chaplains and therapists thatgive an invaluable insight into the realities ofinstitutional librarianship.

iOTBerry Center Resident LibraryRobert C. KemperNancy HardeeaOTBerry Center is a state, residential facilityfor severely and profoundly mentally retardedcitizens of North Carolina. The residents comefrom communities located in the 17 countieswhich make up the Division of Mental Retarda-tionTs South Central Region. Severely and pro-foundly mentally retarded persons have 1.Q.s of34 or below and many of the centerTs residentshave physical handicaps. The center itself islocated on a 65-acre, campus-style setting about50 miles east of Raleigh, just outside Goldsboro.Essentially, the function of OTBerry Center isto serve as an environment for development. Thecenter provides 24-hour care, including extensivetraining, to more than 500 residents seven yearsof age and older. OTBerry is their temporary homeuntil they complete their developmental pro-grams and return to their communities.Direct development of the mentally retardedindividual may include services provided by spe-cial education teachers, psychologists, communi-cation (speech and hearing) specialists, physicaland occupational therapists, therapeutic recrea-tors, medical and dental staff, social workers, die-ticians and, of primary importance, the develop-mental technicians (health care workers) who, intheir direct care of the residents, implement thecoordinated programs developed by the others.Those coordinated programs are called Individ-ual Active Treatment Plans and are the crux ofthe residentTs training and development at thecenter. Once a client has completed his develop-mental program"as specified in a written con-tract with the community"the client returns tohis home community. While the concept maysound elementary and straightforward, the real-ity of implementing developmental programsServing severely or profoundly mentally retardedindividuals who often have physical or behavioralproblems can be draining on both residents andstaff. How then can the stress be reduced andenjoyable activities be increased?The resident library is an area which isdesigned for leisure rather than for training. TheRobert C. Kemper is Coordinator of Media Services andNancy Hardee is Library Specialist at OTBerry Center inGoldsboro.library is an oasis where residents, accompaniedby staff, may come and enjoy movies, magazines,music, puzzles with adaptive handles, stuffedanimals, toys, and the latest item, a computerwith games. All these sensory stimulation itemsare there for the enjoyment of the residents.The positive perception staffand residents have about li-brary activities reflects theworking style of the librarianas much as the physical envi-ronment.Ideally, each resident should have an oppor-tunity to come to the library. If visits were evenlydivided among the residents, a resident wouldaverage one visit every two weeks. In actuality,the average is much less. Many residents areunable to visit the library for various reasons,including physical and behavioral. However, theattendance of those who can come is good andthe available time slots for groups to visit arealmost always filled. The number of residentsattending the library averages 120-135 weekly.Almost all the residents enjoy the trips to thelibrary and seem eager to come back for anothervisit.The resident library was merged into theMedia Services Department several years ago.Media Services is a support service to the centerand, through the center, to the communities inthe south central region. It is a production-oriented, audiovisual department. The staff pro-duces television and slide/tape programs, photo-graphs, and in-house news publications forresident and staff training, documentation, andstaff/parent/community information. Media Serv-ices also provides audiovisual equipment supportto other departments within the center.The library maintains its own identity withinthe Media Services Department while being ableto draw on Media Services resources. The librarydoes not have its own budget and must rely on1985 Fall"135

government grants for most of its equipment andsupplies. Media Services is responsible for staffingthe library, administrative duties, equipmentmaintenance and repair. Those items are fundedfrom the Media Services budget or as separatelybudgeted line items.Very few library materials are ordered locally.However, we have purchased animal stick-ups,albums and picture puzzles from the LearningCenter in Goldsboro. And, from the local RoseTsDepartment Store, read-along-books and tapes,picture puzzles, listen-and-look books, and talk-ing-story books were purchased. Viewmasters andfilms were bought at K-Mart, while two rockingchairs for our residents to use in the library werepurchased from Kaplan Corporation. Polypocketsused for equipment and books, and hang-up bagsused for filmstrips and cassettes were purchasedfrom Demco Educational Corporation. Purchaseshave also been made from Carolina SchoolSupply, StoneTs Southern School Supply and Spe-cial Education Materials, as well as other vendors.The resident library is located in the A-3Building, which is centrally located to all buildingshousing center residents. It is approximately18T x 28T excluding the office and storage area.The library is carpeted and has coordinateddraperies covering all the windows. Book stacksare brightly painted in a coordinated colorscheme. The bulletin board and the walls are dec-orated with Disney characters, animals, and self-help pictures. There are three tables for readingand working, and two tables of paperback publi-cations for residents to thumb through. Magazineselections include National Geographic, Wildlife,Southern Living, Wee Wisdom, and Sports Illus-trated. The book stacks contain toys for the resi-dents to play with while they are in the library,and which may also be checked out by the resi-dents. Some of the toys available are telephones,Viewmasters, artifical fruits/vegetables, blocks,airplanes, trains, cars, and animals. A windowseat between two book stacks serves as the settingfor stuffed animals, puppets, and dolls. These alsomay be checked out by the residents. Colorfulstacking chairs and beanbags provide seating forresidents.The resident library also has a very goodsupply of materials available for staff to check outfor use with residents in the living units. Theseinclude approximately 1500 hardback books, 120albums with filmstrips, and 130 cassettes withbooks and/or filmstrips. Staff may also check outaudiovisual equipment, cassettes, filmstrip pro-jectors, movie projectors, an autoharp, and othermaterials.Mrs. Nancy Hardee is in charge of the library.She is a very caring person and her actions withoThe library is an oasis.�136"North Carolina Libraries

the residents show that quality. The positive per-ception staff and residents have about libraryactivities reflects the working style of the librarianas much as the physical environment. While therocking chairs, carpeting, restful colors, plants,pictures and quiet are invaluable, the hub ofOTBerry Center's library is Nancy. She works wellwith residents and staff and works to improvelibrary services both in the library and out in theliving units.Nancy schedules weekly activities such as aweekly movie (the effect of a movie theater) or avideotaped movie on television, storytime, and anindependent time when the residents can playcomputer games, look at Viewmasters, magazines,and/or story books, and play with assortedobjects (building blocks, airplanes, Fisher-Pricegames, puzzles, stuffed animals and puppets). Forresidents, especially those that are blind, ear-phones are available so that they can enjoy listen-ing to music without disturbing the others.The library is also fortunate to have a volun-teer working part-time with the residents. Shehelps to keep the resident library neat and invit-ing. She replaces any badly torn magazines withnew copies, straightens the books in the bookstacks and publications on the tables. As the sea-sons change, she helps to change the decorations,pictures, mobiles, and bulletin boards. Our volun-Nancy Hardee, library specialist, shares a book with residents.teer also assists the residents using earphones orthe computer.The library is presently experimenting withcomputer games as a form of entertainment/sen-sory stimulation. The residents do not under-stand how to play the games, but from observa-tions, they do enjoy the colors, motions andsounds from the television set. Acquisition of alarge screen, video projection system for thelibrary is planned in the near future due to thetrend away from 16mm film and to video-cassettes. OTBerry currently has one such system,which is used to train residents in appropriatebehavior for a theater setting. The State Librarynow has videocassettes which may be checkedout. The local community college has recentlyacquired a VCP/LSTV system also. A system in thelibrary would be used,for entertainment as a doc-umented part of the Individual Active Treatmentplans.The resident library has plans for expansionin the near future. We do not plan to get stale. Weare never satisfied with things just as they are. Aused aquarium was recently acquired with plansto convert it to a terrarium for our clients toenjoy. Plans also include exposing more residentsto video games, and continuing to grow in qualityand quantity. As long as there is a need, we will beavailable with all that we have for our residents.1985 Fall"137

Library Services at Broughton HospitalMary E. BushSince it first opened in 1883, Broughton Hos-pital, a large mental hospital in Morganton, hasstressed the need for books in its total program.This need has led to the development of two dis-tinct and separate library programs, one to meetthe informational and recreational needs ofpatients and the other for the varied needs of thestaff.The Patient LibraryThe patient library was begun with the pur-chase of a small number of books by the hospitaland the donation of newspapers from some of thecommunities served by the hospital. At first, thelibrary grew in a more or less haphazard fashion,primarily through donations. The bulk of thesedonations came either from individuals (includ-ing patients) or from the local public library inMorganton.In addition to helping with book donations,the staff at the Morganton Public Library taughtthe Occupational Therapist (then working in thelibrary on a part-time basis) the basic skillsinvolved in the processing and cataloging ofbooks.The Director of Occupational Therapy (OT)had the responsibility for the overall library pro-gram, while the day-to-day library routines wereperformed by interested patients. These patientsalso provided book cart services for the wardscontaining patients who were not permitted tovisit the library.In 1966, the patient library received a LSCATitle I grant through the North Carolina StateLibrary and began to develop its collection in apurposeful manner. In 1970, the old donatedbooks were weeded from the collection and withthe guidance of the Institutional Consultant fromthe State Library, the library moved into newquarters and set up new policies and proceduresgoverning its operation. The OT aide managingthe library was reclassified as a Library Assistantand relieved of all duties except those related toMary E. Bush is Medical Librarian at Broughton Hospital inMorganton.138"North Carolina Librariesthe library. Programs"including book talks andaudiovisual story hours"were set up for groups,and individuals used the library for recreationalpurposes. Through additional State Library fund-ing, other materials, including large print, for thepartially sighted, and picture books for the lesseducated, were added to the collection.Today, the patient library holds approxi-mately 5,000 books including large print, picturebooks and paperbacks, has subscriptions to 26general interest magazines, and also has anumber of newspaper subscriptions representingthose communities served by the hospital.In addition to the simple circulation ofprinted materials, the library also offers otherservices. The librarian works with retardedpatients in the library and helps hospital techni-cians to secure materials to use with thesepatients in their learning labs. Adolescent pa-tients use the patient library as well as a library oftheir own. This adolescent library, however, ismade up largely of books that are shared from thepatient library. All geriatric patients"bedfastand ambulatory"have the opportunity either touse the talking book service of the Special ServicesSection of the State Library or to read large printbooks such as the large print Reader's Digest.Staff LibraryThe staff may borrow books from the patientlibrary, and those going to school have found thematerial there useful in research. In addition, thestaff is also provided with professional book col-lections in their work areas as well as with a fullyequipped staff library. This library holds approx-imately 3,000 reference books, 100 journal titlesand 2,000 pieces of audiovisual material. The stafflibrary carries current journals found to be ofinterest to the majority of the staff and maintainsa core collection of medical and psychiatricbooks. It supplements its holdings through inter-library loan arrangements with medical schoolsand MEDLINE (Medlars, BRS etc.) servicesthrough the Unifour Consortium of NW AreaHealth Education Center based in Hickory, N.C.The scope of the North Carolina AHEC pro-gram is extensive: it provides information about

continuing education services to physicians lo-cated throughout the state, provides field place-ment for interns and residents from the medicalschools and provides easy access to needed refer-ence materials through the creation of a system ofconveniently located base libraries throughoutNorth Carolina. This state-wide network is acces-sible by any member hospital or institution andoffers a cost effective method of supplementinglocal reference holdings thus ensuring that allphysicians will have access to the literaturethrough their local AHEC representative. Brough-ton, as a member of the Unifour Consortium, canaccess for its staff as well as for clients from out-side the hospital the holdings of the medicalschool libraries. Book loans, journal reprints andaudiovisual materials are secured without undueloss of time or any expense to the client. The StateLibrary is also useful in providing materials onmanagement, recreation, crafts, industrial arts,sociology, etc. (materials not always accessiblethrough medical school libraries). The majority ofthe staff needs for materials not housed on cam-pus are met through AHEC and the medicalschool libraries; however, if a need arises for spe-cialized reference materials, the resources of theState Library, North Carolina public libraries, out-of-state public and medical libraries and theNational Library of Medicine are also available.Broughton Hospital is one of only four mentalhospitals in North Carolina and one of the fewmental institutions in the state; therefore, to sup-plement what is available from medical schoolcollections, the staff library at Broughton servesthe entire state as a resource for reprints frompsychiatric and psychological journals.ee ESFOUR PRESIDENTS. The Executive Board of the North Carolina Library Association met at Davidson College, Davidson, NC onJuly 19th. For the first time in recent memory there were four presidents on that board. Those attending included (left to right): Dr.Leland M. Park, President, 1983-1985 (Director, Davidson College Library, Davidson); Mrs. Mertys W. Bell, Past President, 1981-83(Dean Emeritus of Learning Resources, Guilford Technical Community College, Greensboro); Ms. Patsy J. Hansel, President-elect,1987-89 (Assistant Director, Cumberland County Public Library); and Mrs. Pauline F. Myrick, President-elect, 1985-87 (Director ofInstruction and Educational Media, Moore County Schools, Carthage).1985 Fall"139

The Governor Morehead School LibraryAlice B. WalkerIn 1845, North Carolina passed the necessarylegislation to establish a school for deaf, dumband blind children, the ninth state to do so. Asearly as 1847, when the first buildings were beingdesigned, the planners recognized the need for alibrary. A room designated oLibrary and Cabinet�was included in the plans for the first administra-tion building on Caswell Square in Raleigh.Today, the library at The Governor MoreheadSchool, which is the current name for the schoolfor visually impaired youth of North Carolina, is awell-equipped media center which not onlyenriches the academic curriculum but also fills aopublic library� need for students and staff.The school serves visually impaired and multi-handicapped children ages five through twenty-one from all over North Carolina. One hundredand fifty-six are currently enrolled. Some of thesestudents are day students, but a larger propor-tion are residential students who return to theirhomes only on weekends. A large staff of class-room and special teachers, counselors, adminis-trators, nurses and houseparents completes thepopulation at The Governor Morehead School.The library strives to meet the diverse needs of allof these people. The campus, consisting of aca-demic and administration buildings as well ascottages, a central dining hall and a gymnasiumwith indoor pool, is located off RaleighTs WesternBoulevard near Pullen Park.Many changes have taken place at The Gov-ernor Morehead School since its beginnings asoThe North Carolina Institution for the Educationof the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind� back in1845. The history and development of the libraryclosely parallels that of the school. In the begin-ning, only white deaf and blind children wereadmitted, but in January 1869 a black depart-ment for deaf and blind was opened in a separatelocation in downtown Raleigh, thereby increasingthe scope of the library population surveyed.Just as the school changed over the years,education of the blind has undergone changes.Alice B. Walker is Librarian, The Governor Morehead School,Raleigh.140"North Carolina LibrariesThe founders of schools for the blind in the UnitedStates turned to Europe for special appliancesand methods of teaching. In the 1830s, the com-mon type of reading material in official use inEurope was embossed or raised letters, simplifiedto make them more readable. One advantage ofthis method was that it could be read by sightedteachers with no special instruction. Also, it wascontended that by using a type similar to thatused by the sighted, the blind would be less setapart from others. This method had drawbacks,however, and various raised dot codes similar tothe Grade 2 Braille code in use today wereadopted by the different schools in the UnitedStates. In 1932, after a long and bitter contro-versy, an agreement was signed by representa-tives of the blind of Great Britain and the UnitedStates that adopted the present-day English lan-guage Grade 2 Braille.In the early days of the schoolbooks for the blind were scarce,for the schools that had been inexistence longer than NorthCarolinaTs consumed the entireoutput of books produced espe-cially for the blind.In the early days of the school books for theblind were scarce, for the schools that had been inexistence longer than North CarolinaTs consumedthe entire output of books produced especially forthe blind. During 1858-1860, special equipmentwas installed in the North Carolina schoolTs print-ing department to produce raised letter books.The shortage was eased further when the UnitedState Congress enacted legislation in 1879 appro-priating funds for the education of the blind.These funds were used to manufacture embossedbooks at the American Printing House for theBlind. In 1900, North CarolinaTs General Assemblygranted an annual appropriation of $50.00 to the

school for the purchase of new books. Althoughthe appropriation was small, the library holdingswere gradually increased.In 1893, the white deaf students were trans-ferred to a special school in Morganton, but theoBlind School� continued to grow in size and scopeand there became a pressing need for larger quar-ters for both black and white departments. In1923, the white department moved to the presentAshe Avenue campus and a few years later theblack department moved to a large campus whichincluded farmland located on Garner Road nearRaleigh. It was not until 1977 that the entireschool was on one site once again and by thattime all of the deaf children were being educatedelsewhere.During these years, the school library hadbeen growing and evolving. Reading materials inBraille, large print and recorded formats werebeing added to the collection. A graduate librar-ian was hired in 1943 to organize the expandingcollection on a professional basis, and before longthe requirements of The Southern Association ofColleges and Secondary Schools had been satis-fied. A large new library wing was added to theschool building soon after World War II. Inter-library loans between the libraries on the twocampuses were in effect until their merger in 1977when the Garner Road campus, the former blackdepartment, was given up.NeDevelopment of the card cata-log enabled even the totallyblind students to use the libraryindependently.aSThe sudden growth spurt of media in schoollibraries that occurred in the 1960s was felt atThe Governor Morehead School also. Tape record-ers, phonographs, and movie and filmstrip projec-tors, as well as other equipment and materialswere purchased by the library and circulated tostudents and teachers. Other important changeswere taking place as the library holdings grew. Acard catalog of all library materials"print,Braille, and audio-visual"was produced on5� x 8� cards. These cards contained all of thenecessary information in large print on one sidewith the same information in Braille on the otherSide. Development of the card catalog enabledeven the totally blind students to use the libraryindependently. During this decade of change, oTheState School for the Blind and Deaf,� the schoolTssecond name, became oThe Governor MoreheadSchool� in honor of John Motley Morehead whohad been governor of North Carolina when theschool was founded in 1845.The Governor Morehead School Library ofthe 1980s is an up-to-date media center with thenewest technologies available for the visuallyimpaired. Print materials are made accessible bymeans of electronic reading devices such asclosed circuit TV reading machines and a Kurz-weil reading machine. The CCTV or video visualaid not only magnifies print but maximizes thecontrast and displays it on a TV screen. The usercan control the magnification to suit his needs.The Kurzweil machine, on the other hand, scansprint material and reads it with a synthesizedvoice.A recorded encyclopedia with Braille andprint indexes facilitates reference work. The stu-dent can find his topic in one of the indexes,select the proper cassette and set the dials on aspecial cassette player according to directionsfound in the index. The cassette player then scansthe tape electronically to find the topic indexed.oTalking� calculators are in great demand formath classes. Students can solve complicatedproblems and check their work much faster thanwith the abacus, which is also a useful tool for thetotally blind.During after-school hours students can befound enjoying computer games in the library ordoing homework for computer classes. Manycomputer programs can be used with a speechsynthesis system which makes them meaningfulfor visually impaired students. Soon students andteachers will be able to generate Braille copy bymeans of a Braille embosser interfaced with acomputer. A typist who doesnTt know Braille willbe able to key into the computer and, using a spe-cial program, produce Grade 2 Braille.The Governor Morehead SchoolLibrary of the 1980s is an up-to-date media center with thenewest technologies availablefor the visually impaired.In many respects The Governor MoreheadSchool Library resembles other public schoollibraries throughout the state. Teachers bringtheir classes to do reference work or to learnlibrary skills. They come to watch programs onthe instructional TV channel and to check out1985 Fall"141

books. A trained librarian and a technical aide areon the job performing such diverse tasks as keep-ing the Braille catalog up to date, videotapingschool projects, editing a newsletter, or providingstory hour for the younger children. The library isalso a valuable resource center for summerschool. A selected group of students from aroundthe state, not limited to those who attend TheGovernor Morehead School for the regular ses-sion, attend a five-week summer session forenrichment. This may be their only opportunity touse a library independently.From a modest beginning in the oLibrary andCabinet� room in 1849 to an entire two-story wingof the academic building equipped with the mostmodern technology of the 1980s, The GovernorMorehead School Library has grown and con-tinues to change with the times and the needs ofthe school.SourcesEdsall, Katherine Chrichton Alston. A Century of Growth.(Unpublished) 1945.Irwin, Robert B. The War of the Dots. American Foundation forthe Blind, n.d.Sawyer, John Richard. oA Study of the Development and PresentCondition of the State School for the Blind, Raleigh, North Caro-lina.� Unpublished thesis. Chapel Hill, N.C. University of NorthCarolina, 1945.Strickland, Eugenia Love. oA Century of Educating the Deaf andBlind in North Carolina.� Unpublished thesis. Chapel Hill, N.C.University of North Carolina, 1950.ANNOUNCINGA NEW WAY TO MEET YOUR CONTINUING EDUCATION AND STAFF DEVELOPMENT NEEDSNORTH CAROLINA CENTRAL UNIVERSITYSCHOOL OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE'SOFFICE OF CONTINUING EDUCATION AND LIBRARY STAFF DEVELOPMENTservicesNeeds Assessments " We help you or your organization determine your continuing educationand staff development needs.Workshops " We conduct workshops on a wide range of Topics.Courses and Institutes " We offer full-length courses and special institutes.Microcomputer Laboratory " We offer hands-on training in the use of microcornputers inlibraries.For more information on our program and services, contact:Duncan Smith, CoordinatorOffice of Continuing Education and Library Staff DevelopmentSchoo! of Library and Information ScienceNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurham, N.C. 27707phone: 919-683-6485919-683-6347142"North Carolina Libraries

Library Services for Deaf StudentsWrenn SharpeCentral North Carolina School for the Deaf islocated on a 75-acre campus, ten miles north ofGreensboro. The school was established in Greens-boro in 1975 to serve the central Piedmont sec-tion of North Carolina. There are eight buildingson the campus: a general administration building,two classroom buildings, two dormitories, onegymnasium/auditorium, a central kitchen, andamaintenance/repair shop.The school serves gifted, average, and multi-handicapped hearing-impaired students from 19central Piedmont counties. Students range in agefrom 18 months to 16 years. The majority of thestudents stay on campus in the dormitories dur-Wrenn Sharpe is Librarian for Deaf/Blind at the CentralNorth Carolina School for the Deaf in Greensboro.ing the week, and all the students go home on theweekends. The school also serves preschool chil-dren in six satellite programs in Lexington, Win-ston-Salem, Burlington, Chapel Hill, SouthernPines, and on campus here in Greensboro.The schoolTs library program has a staff con-sisting of the librarian for the deaf/blind and anaide. Libraries are in each of the two classroombuildings. Dixon Building has classes for studentsfrom preschool through grade four, and Phillips-Payne Building has students from grade fivethrough junior high school. The library aide workswith the younger students in the primary pro-gram in Dixon Building, and the librarian workswith the older students in Phillips-Payne Building.The librarian is also responsible for the orderingand processing of materials and for computer�"� LLL! |PEROEIEA HOaneoAs a professional librarian who started as a library assistant in elementary, high school and church libraries and who has workedin North Carolina public schools and public libraries, I find this job the most challenging, most exciting, and most rewarding of anyThave ever had...�1985 Fall"143

programs. The libraries have white walls deco-rated with colorful posters, and new books arealways on display on the tops of the counter-highshelving. The design of both libraries is the same,but they contain different materials since theyserve different age groups. We also have a profes-sional library housed in the same room withresource materials for teachers. Four years agowe set up the resource room to store materialsand units written by our teachers so our staffcould share ideas, materials, and resources with-out re-inventing the wheel each school year. Theresource room has proven to be very successfulfor teachers, since they or the librarian and aidecan easily find materials for various units ofstudy.Students come to the library once a week forstorytelling, reading magazines, viewing captionedmovies, and checking out books for pleasure read-ing. The younger students have the opportunity towatch stories told in ASL (American Sign Lan-guage) because the library aide is deaf herself.This provides a wonderful opportunity for thestudents to learn about books in their native lan-guage"ASL. The older students come to thelibrary for storytelling, library skills study to pre-pare them both for high school and to use thepublic library, and for pleasure reading. The olderstudents also use the library for reports for theirsocial studies and science classes.Here at Central School, we also have a class ofdeaf-blind students which is unique. It presents areal challenge to the librarian. These studentscome to the library weekly just as do all of theother students. Their limited vision permits use oflarge print materials only, so library activitiesconsist of craft ideas for the students to improvetheir eye-hand coordination and the reading ofsimple stories with a lot of action and bodymovement. These students require one-on-oneattention so the librarian uses older students toassist her with them.ChildrenTs Book Week and National LibraryWeek are very special times of the year at CNCSD.We always try to have some kind of special activ-ity which will involve the students in both class-room buildings. In the past we have had a bookcharacter parade complete with a real, livehorse and donkey; jogging teams going on a scav-enger hunt; reading teams made up of studentswho dressed up as storybook characters anddramatized stories for our younger students. ThisThe school serves gifted, average, and multi-handicapped hearing-impaired students from 19 central Piedmont counties.144"North Carolina Libraries

past autumn, we were visited by a professionalstoryteller, and this spring, we held a balloonlaunch.As the librarian, one of the more difficultaspects of my job is the ordering of materials.Since all of the students and some of the staff arehearing-impaired, I must find books (especiallyfiction) that have the interest level of our stu-dents but are written with an easy vocabulary.This is not always possible because many of thehigh-interest, low-vocabulary books available donot fit our needs. When ordering filmstrips orsound filmstrips, I must make sure that the film-strip is either captioned or that the kit has a writ-ten teacher's guide because some of our hearing-impaired teachers cannot use a record or cassetteand must have a script to accompany the film-strip.LTNational Award toN. C. Library AssociationChicago, IL ... The Intellectual FreedomCommittee of the North Carolina Library Associa-tion was presented the Intellectual FreedomRound TableTs State Program Award this summerin ceremonies at the 104th Annual Conference ofthe American Library Association meeting in Chi-cago. The award honors the state intellectualfreedom committee that has implemented themost successful and creative state project for theyear. Accepting the award was Dr. Gene D. Lanier,professor of library science at East Carolina Uni-versity in Greenville, NC, who has served aschairman of the committee since 1980.Dennis Day, representing the Award Commit-tee, cited the multi-year work of the committee tokeep intellectual freedom alive in North Carolinathrough programs, publicity, and testimony. Thecommittee was presented a plaque and a $1000award from Social Issues Resources Series, Inc.,represented by president and owner Elliot Gold-stein. The committee has fought attempts by indi-viduals and groups who have tried to censormaterials in Tar Heel libraries. They have also testi-fied in the N. C. General Assembly concerning leg-islation which could put librarians in jeopardy.They initiated the Confidentiality of Library UserRecords Bill which was ratified this session.Dr. Lanier received the John Phillip ImmrothMemorial Award for Intellectual Freedom lastyear from the American Library Association forhis work in this area, as well as awards from theN. C. Association of School Librarians and thePlayboy Foundation.Last year we started a pre-vocational pro-gram using students as library assistants to shelvelibrary books. This has proven to be very success-ful. When we began the program, we had one stu-dent working in the library and one studentinterested in working. This year we have threestudents involved and one interested in partici-pating next year. This program not only helps me,the librarian, but also gives the student an oppor-tunity to earn some spending money and learn askill which could lead to a summer job.As a professional librarian who started as alibrary assistant in elementary, high school, andchurch libraries and who has worked in NorthCarolina public schools and public libraries, I findthis job the most challenging, most exciting, andmost rewarding of any I have ever had in my short17-year career.NCLA ScholarshipsThe North Carolina Library Associationadministers three funds which assist stu-dents of library science who are residents ofNorth Carolina.The North Carolina Library AssociationMemorial Scholarship is a $1000 scholar-ship for any type of study in library science.The Query-Long Scholarship is a $1000scholarship for a student who plans to workwith children or young adults. The McLen-don Student Loan Fund awards loans at alow rate of interest.The association is pleased to announceits scholarship winners for 1985. The Memo-rial Scholarships will be awarded to SharonArnette of Brevard, who will be attendingthe University of North Carolina at ChapelHill, and Linda Shoffner of Greenville, a stu-dent at East Carolina University. The Query-Long Scholarship will go to Barbara Privetteof Zebulon, a student at East Carolina Uni-versity. In addition, two loans of $300 eachwill be made from the McLendon Fund.Applications for 1986 Scholarships aredue March 1, 1986. For application formsand further information about require-ments, contactSheila A. Core, ChairmanNCLA Scholarship CommitteeSurry Community College LibraryP.O. Box 304Dobson, North Carolina 270171985 Fall"145

Library Service at the North CarolinaSpecial Care CenterJohnnie M. McManusThe North Carolina Special Care Center islocated in Wilson, North Carolina. Its populationis geriatric mental patients who suffer a variety ofhandicapping conditions. The majority of thepatients are nonambulatory and functioning on avery low mental state. The staff at the North Caro-lina Special Care Center focuses on assisting eachresident to reach his maximum potential by utiliz-ing an interdisciplinary approach to the rehabil-itative process. We feel that a functioning librarycould contribute to this process. Developing alibrary program for institutionalized geriatric res-idents is challenging, to say the least.At present, there is no real library program.We have a library in the basement but it is verydifficult to access and the library materials are fartoo advanced to be useful. The balance of thisarticle will describe our concept of an ideal libraryfor our situation.Any future library program established at theSpecial Care Center must serve as adjunctivetherapy in coordination with existing programs.The program must be designed to encompass thetotal informational needs of the library patrons. Itshould supplement and reinforce not only therecreational or leisure time programs but also thedevelopmental programs for ward patients suffer-ing from a wide variety of disabling conditions.Many residents have little energy, limited mobilityand reduced senses: sight, hearing, touch andsmell. Because of these limitations it is necessaryto utilize special environmental safety precau-tions.To compensate for the limited movement andstrength of our patients library materials must beplaced within comfortable reach. Furniture, bath-rooms, and other fixed library accessories mustbe adapted to accommodate wheelchairs. Toreach the maximum number of residents whocannot leave their wards, a mobile library utilizingJohnnie M. McManus is Activities Director at the North Caro-lina Special Care Center in Wilson.146"North Carolina Librariesvolunteers from the community should be imple-mented.In order for the residents to develop inde-pendent library skills, a variety of multimediamaterials must be utilized. These include talkingbooks; lightweight, colorful, large print books;sand boxes; mirrors; etc. The library programshould incorporate a variety of stimulating expe-riences: films, field trips, flash cards, scientificexperiments, etc. Materials should be age appro-priate and on the level that would provide themaximum pleasure and benefit to our residents.It has been very difficult to find library mate-rials designed specifically for geriatric residentswith a psychiatric background. If any of our read-ers know of successful projects or appropriatematerials please contact us at the Special CareCenter.It has been very difficult to findlibrary materials designed spe-cifically for geriatric residentswith a psychiatric background.Currently, a group of twenty residents meetson a weekly basis for a storyhour conducted byvolunteers. The volunteers use a variety of tools toassist each resident in developing fine motor,gross motor, cognitive and social interactionskills. The residents are encouraged to be creativeand make up their own stories with such things aspictures, plants and animals. Field trips andaudiovisual equipment. help to reinforce the resi-dentsT learning. Talking books, magazines, puzzles,texture boards, etc., are placed on the wards bythe volunteers. In addition, volunteers from alocal church provide residents with weekly Bibleclasses. Volunteers play a vital role in providingspecial services for our residents.

en AAA ALThe PatientsT Library at Cherry HospitalDale E. DoverspikennnThe PatientsT Library at Cherry Hospital wasestablished with the help of the Library Servicesand Construction Act in 1968. It was felt at thattime that the psychiatric patients needed a placewhere they could read current news items, peri-odicals, and both fiction and nonfiction as an aidto their rehabilitation process. At the very outsetof this program, Cherry Hospital sought consulta-tion and supervisory help in establishing thelibrary from Marian Leith, regional librarian,North Carolina State Library and Charles H. Fox,consultant, Special Services Division, North Caro-lina State Library. It was through their profes-sional help that the PatientsT Library got off to avery good start.Chaplain Thomas A. Wolfe, hospital chaplain,and Mrs. Barbara Head, his secretary, were thein-house people who did the primary work inestablishing the library. Grant monies along withmatching funds from the state enabled them toestablish the first basic library here at CherryHospital. In addition to the books that were pur-chased, the hospital through its PatientsT BenefitFund began to secure magazine subscriptions andother supplies to make the library a very func-tional and informative area. Many patients whohave been here for a long time have ceased to beaware of current events, and this can be a prob-lem to them when they leave the hospital. Whatthey learn at the hospital can help in the rehabili-tation process leading to releasé from the hospitalback into the real world.Function of the LibraryWe feel that it is our function in the PatientsTLibrary to foster the growth and development of apersonTs totality and attitudes toward life, to aidin meeting their needs by helping them to makeuse of all that is happening to them, and to inte-grate this into their move toward health andDale E. Doverspike is Supervisor of the Patient Library atCherry Hospital in Goldsboro.wholeness. The library becomes one of the arms inthe therapeutic environment of meeting the totalneed through stimulation of their interest in theworld around them. It is something that they cando on their own and at their own speed in orderto become more sensitized to their awareness orlack of it in learning to cope with world problems.As the library grew, we expanded our inter-ests and provided greater services to the patientshere at Cherry Hospital. We have established arather large audio program where the patientscan listen to stereo records or cassette tapes ofvarious types of artists and music. We also haveestablished some literature in large print andBraille for the visually impaired patient. In addi-tion, we have established an oEasy Reading�library that is specifically designed for the men-tally retarded and the low-level readers from theChildren and Youth Unit. In this oEasy Reading�library we have such things as oTalking Books�and filmstrips which aid them not only in readingbut also in their awareness of the value of reading.This part of the library is supported with recordplayers, cassette players and various types ofslide/film strip projectors.Hometown NewspapersCherry Hospital is the hospital for a catch-ment area of thirty-three counties in the easternregion of North Carolina and a lot of the patientswish to read their local newspapers to keep upwith local news. Therefore, we have written to thevarious areas of the eastern part of the staterequesting that their local newspaper be fur-nished to our library so that the patients in thatarea can keep up with their neighbors andfriends. Using this approach, we now have arather large newspaper selection which many ofthe patients use on a regular basis. At the presenttime, we have about thirty current magazines, sixor eight regional newspapers, and one of thenational papers that gives both national and for-eign news. In this way, the patients at Cherry1985 Fall"147

Hospital are able to keep up with what is going onboth in their local world back home and in thelarger areas of the state, national and world news.One of the goals that we try to achieve in thislibrary is to provide a place where the patients cancome and find the quietness they need to write orread and get away from the frenzied pace of theward; a place where they can come to find them-selves, to contemplate their particular personalproblems; a place where they can just take time tolook around and explore what is available tothem in finding wholeness. Many patients in thepast have expressed their gratitude for the libraryand the opportunity it affords them to get awayfrom the confusion of the ward and have somequiet time where they can find some inwardpeace and reflect upon their own circumstancesin life. We also find that there are times when theywant to talk about the books and the magazinesthat they are reading and to do some checking ontheir own rational awareness of who and whatand where they are in the here and now. We feelthat we have provided that kind of service andcontinue to strive to enhance our library so that itwill be more therapeutic and entertaining for ourpatients.OUR JOBIS TO MAKEYOUR JOBEASIER.All EBSCO systems are designed with onemajor goal in mind: to simplify your serialstransactions. No matter how big your library is,how small, or how specialized, we can providethe professional services you expect.CONTACT EBSCO"LETTS TALK SERVICE.8000 Forbes Place, Suite 204Springfield, VA 22151BGO) 05) se0-s000SUBSCRIPTION SERVICES (800) 533-1591 (Virginia Only)148"North Carolina LibrariesDr. Evelyn H. Daniel has been named dean of the School ofLibrary Science at the University of North Carolina at ChapelHill effective July 1.A prolific author in the fields of information systems,computer technology, business management, library scienceand telecommunications, Daniel has been dean and professorat the School of Information Studies at Syracuse Universitysince 1981. She has previously taught at the universities ofRhode Island, Kentucky and Maryland, and has held profes-sional positions in school, public, special and academiclibraries. She received her masterTs degree and doctoratefrom the University of Maryland, and her undergraduatedegree in history from the University of North Carolina atWilmington.Daniel succeeds Dr. Edward G. Holley, dean of the schoolsince 1972. Holley will return to full-time teaching andresearch.This publicationis availablein microformfrom UniversityMicrofilmsInternational.Call toll-free 800-521-3044. In Michigan,Alaska and Hawaii call collect 313-761-4700. Ormail inquiry to: University Microfilms International,300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106.

cere OE LL SACSBeyond BooksCarol P. LachenmanNestled amid trees and grassy areas, WrightSchool is situated on 32 acres in the modest Brag-town neighborhood of Durham. It does not looklike an institution, yet it is. As the North CarolinaRe-Education Center, Wright School is a state-op-erated residential treatment center for childrenwith learning and behavior problems. It is fundedby the Department of Human Resources: Divisionof Mental Health, Mental Retardation, and Sub-stance Abuse Services. Coming primarily from thenorth central region of North Carolina, the chil-dren live at Wright School from Monday to Friday,year-round. The average residential stay is ap-proximately 5 months, although some childrenstay as long as one year. Compared to other insti-tutions, Wright School is tiny, serving 24-26 chil-dren on a given day.Who are these children? They are young: 6 to12 years of age. Almost all are boys. They are notmentally retarded or physically handicapped.Most are academically underachieving despiteaverage or above average estimated intellectualfunctioning. Many are fighters, tough guys. Someare passive and withdrawn. Most have seriousacademic and/or behavioral problems in theirpublic schools back home. Many of their familiesare in crisis. The children come to Wright Schoolbecause they need a highly structured, supportivesetting in which to learn more adaptive ways tohandle themselves in response to their families,schools and communities.The children, typically, are turned off byschool. Their history of failure in the academicarena derives from diverse sources such as per-ceptual problems, attentional deficits, defiance ofauthority, to name a few. Whatever the cause,however, most of the children approach WrightSchool in the same way they have approachedother settings: expecting failure. In order to breakthis self-fulfilling, defeatist cycle, educational,therapeutic, and recreational activities are struc-tured throughout the day and evening to ensuresuccess as well as to teach new skills. The enor-mity of the task"to plan and to implement suchCarol P. Lachenman is Educational Diagnostician at theWright School in Durham.activities"is much reduced through the compre-hensive services of the library programLibrary services at Wright School comprisefive components: the curriculum library, the pro-fessional library, media services, the computer,and the childrenTs library. Coordinated by theCurriculum and Resource Team, each of the com-ponents makes its unique contribution to thetotal Wright School program.Whatever the cause, most ofthe children approach WrightSchool in the same way theyhave approached other settings:expecting failure.Educational needs are addressed throughthe curriculum library containing public schoolbasal materials, remedial programs, and supple-mentary materials such as kits, flashcards, andaudiovisual aids. For many of the children, suchmultisensory approaches and materials are neces-sary in order for them to acquire age-appropriateacademic skills.Literature in the areas of residential treat-ment and special education, as well as currentjournals and reprints, fill the professional library.This library is used by university interns andWright School staff. Media services are typicalschool fare: recorders, projectors, screens, and amodest supply of filmstrips and tape recordings.The Apple II Plus computer is used by children foracademic drill, creative writing (using the BankStreet Writer program), and computer games.With growing frequency and enthusiasm, teachersutilize the computer for report-writing andrecord-keeping.The ChildrenTs Library is the heart of thelibrary program. Although its holdings are small(approximately 1750 books), it offers a broadspectrum of subjects, reading levels, and formats.Each group of children has a weekly library sched-ule permitting selection of books for reading dur-ing free time, silent reading activities, or other1985 Fall"149

class assignments. Traditionally favored topicsare reptiles and spiders, jokes and riddles, picturebooks, sports, and current heroes of the media(such as Michael Jackson or Kareem-Abdul Jab-bar).Teachers also use the childrenTs library.Materials are selected for introduction andimplementation of projects or units of study, e.g.,The Solar System, Aquariums. Frequently, fictionand picture books are chosen for daily reading tothe children. Often they are read before bed (aroutine comforting as well as entertaining).Sometimes books with affective content areselected purposefully, as for example, to intro-duce the topic of death or adoption. Directed toan individual or a group of children having diffi-culty talking frankly about an issue, literature canbe a non-threatening means to promote discus-sion. Bullies, the new kid on the block, siblingrivalry, even learning disabilities are just a few ofthe topics that become accessible to the childrenthrough literature.In addition to the direct benefits of readingand listening experiences, the library at WrightSchool gives the children regular opportunities topractice proper library decorum. It also setsa\SSparameters of responsibility for the care andreturn of materials.Periodic excursions to the main DurhamCounty Public Library provide a larger context forthe children to practice appropriate librarybehavior as well as access to a more extensiveselection of materials. Teachers also utilize thatlibrary as a resource for ideas and materials onparticular themes such as black history, birds,North Carolina. In addition, recreational films areborrowed from DCPL for group showings.Library space and financial considerationsare perennial impediments to the expansion oflibrary services at Wright School. A small LSCATitle I grant for 1984-85 purchased dozens of newchildrenTs books as well as mobiles and posters forsprucing up the appearance of library areas. Nextyear, perhaps LSCA money will be available again.Donations of current books in excellent conditionare very welcomed, although infrequent.Wright School values its library services as anintegral part of the total treatment program. Toeducate, to relax, to entertain: these objectivesare achievable when all library components areutilized to their fullest.pcat catvate sak Inc.WHAT DO YOU LOOK FOR IN A BINDERY?Mam Lolo] axore) | (-YoudLo)a mol i-1-1a/-- mm Lal od Lale faleexcellence attained through 226 yearsexperience.Certified by the Library Binding Institute,we offer you a choice.Select Class oA� binding or try our Superflex.Yo) CaMeclac Milli hvane [Or-le-lanc-isxem Lamar: l(clar-Licwe- ale)Wrela.qaat-tarvall oFSERVICE, QUALITY, AND FAIR PRICES... THE RUZICKA WAY.Come by for.a personal tour of our facilities.Call or write for particulars.911 Northridge Street e P. O. Box 21568 ¢ Greensboro, North Carolina 27420Telephone (919) 299-7534An Equal Opportunity Employer150"North Carolina Libraries

a nnn se eg TE eT oTOrganizing and Establishinga Prison LibraryMike Johnson Sandra MorrisSen eee ene ee ree ee ae ee a a neSouthern Correctional Center is one of NorthCarolinaTs newest medium/close custody adultmale felon institutions. It is located in rural Mont-gomery County near the town of Troy. This 480bed single cell complex serves as a diagnostic andreception center for inmates from the 56 countiesin eastern North Carolina and has a total staff of271. Its primary mission is to protect the publicand secondarily, to further human potential forthose incarcerated by providing them with pro-grams for rehabilitation, enrichment, and growth,Mike Johnson, SouthernTs principal, arrivedin January 1983. Before him lay the difficult taskof establishing a school program in the prison.SouthernTs Education Section, with only 14employees, would include academic, vocational,and library components and would serve as afoundation on which to build; therefore, staffing itwith the most competent and qualified individu-als was essential. One such person, Sandra Morris,was selected to establish the library.On April 5, 1983, the new prison librarianbegan her first day of employment as librarytechnician at the brand new correctional center.She had been employed by the MontgomeryCounty Public Library for four years and quicklyrealized upon her entrance through the admis-sion gates at the institution that her new libraryposition would be quite different from her pre-vious one. During the first week there were Manyorientation sessions and briefings on institutionalrules and regulations. Getting acclimated to anenvironment where security had top priorityproved to be a difficult task.As we would be working together as principaland librarian, we were relieved to find that weshared a genuine enthusiasm for establishing afunctional library. Our plan was that the libraryat Southern be both the hub of the school pro-gram and an oasis for those inmates not attend-ing school. We realized that our patrons wouldrepresent various racial, social, and religiousgroups and would need a wide variety of mate-rials. We hoped to satisfy the recreational, liter-Mike Johnson is Principal and Sandra Morris is Library Tech-nician at the Southern Correctional Center in Troy.ary, and educational needs of our patrons bymaintaining a public library image.Arrangements were made forinmates in disciplinary andadministrative segregation (sol-itary confinement) to receivebooks from a book cart trans-ported to their unit.It was immediately apparent that one of themajor problems to be resolved was the small sizeof the area designated for the library. Initially,this space, about 920 square feet, was to be usedboth as a work room for processing books and forthe library. The adjoining room was to be used asthe law library. It soon became evident that thisroom could not house the number of volumesnecessary for a full law library and the locationwas changed. It was recommended that thisadjoining room be utilized by the library as anoffice, work room, and a space to house theequipment for a proposed music listening center.For security purposes, the library is constructedwith the entire front wall of glass. Shelving couldnot be placed in front of this wall as it would blockthe view of the interior of the library. This wasanother limitation.In the previous months several boxes ofdonated books had been gathered and placed inthe library. These donations came both from thegeneral public and from the Education Office ofthe Department of Correction (which subscribesto a publisher's giveaway program). This was ourinitial collection. On taking inventory of these 500books, we found many to be duplicates or of littlevalue to us. At that time, furniture in the libraryconsisted of one reference table, one card catalog(far too large), and a number of four-foot book-shelves.On April 7, 1983, James R. Myrick, institu-tional consultant for the State Library, visited ourlibrary. He came to discuss the possibility of ourobtaining LSCA Title I funds for our library and1985 Fall"151

presented us with several boxes of new paper-backs purchased by the State Library. Jim provedto be a valuable asset to our library program. Hav-ing worked as librarian at Sandhills Youth Center,he had experience in correctional library settings.He also provided us with the following informa-tion that proved to be very beneficial in establish-ing our library:1. A copy of the oLibrary Standards for AdultCorrectional Institutions�2. The booklet oHow to Organize and operate aSmall Library� by Genore H. Bernhard3. Information on the State LibraryTs film serviceand its processing center4. A copy of suggested rules and regulations wemight adapt for our library5. Results of readerTs interest surveys he hadconducted in prisonsCriteria for discarding booksGuidelines for materials selectionSESOn April 22, Dr. Swarn Dahiya, curriculumspecialist for the Department of Correction(DOC), and Nathaniel Boykin, DOC Library Con-sultant, visited the education section at Southern.Mr. Boykin gave us a list of reference books thatwe might consider purchasing, relayed to usinformation on how to obtain materials for thelibrary through the inmate welfare fund, and gaveus a report on the status of our newspaper andmagazine orders (which had been placed with theDOC several months previously and had not asyet been received).We visited a number of libraries prior toopening the library at Southern. Among thesewere Montgomery Technical College Library,Montgomery County Public Library, and CameronMorrison Youth Center Library. We discussed ourbasic needs with the librarians and made note ofthe types of audiovisuals and books used in eachlibrary. Most profitable was our visit to the libraryat Piedmont Correctional Center in Salisbury, NC,where Michael Childress, the library technician,provided us with a wealth of valuable informa-tion.Using the Gaylord, Demco, and Highsmithlibrary supply catalogs borrowed from the Mont-gomery County Public Library, we compiled a listof necessary supplies. At this time, we were intro-duced to the purchasing procedures used by theDepartment of Correction. While awaiting thearrival of library supplies (which were notobtained until August), the following duties wereperformed:Preparation of the LSCA grant application;Compilation of library rules and regulations;Discarding of old, inappropriate books;Classification of all salvageable books;Procurement of additional library furniture;Functional arrangement of the shelving;Inventory of all books and equipment;Preparation of shelf title guides;Requests for current catalogs, as well as pos-sible donations, were sent to publishers;Stencils were prepared for monthly circula-tion statistics.Se Se ON eco Noor_"=Southern Correctional Center in Troy.152"North Carolina Libraries

On April 25, 1983, we received a number ofminimum security inmates. These inmates re-sided at Southern for less than a month andassisted in preparing the institution to house itspermanent population of medium security in-mates. A temporary check-out system was put inplace in the library to accommodate theseinmates.The first of our medium security inmatesarrived on May 23. By this date, we had estab-lished a permanent schedule for inmate use of thelibrary. This schedule permitted each inmate tovisit the library twice a week for not more thanone hour per visit. Inmates were to be escorted tothe library by a correctional officer who was toremain in thelibrary during their visit. Due to thesmall size of the library, no more than ten inmateswere allowed to utilize the facility at a given time.Arrangements were made for inmates in discipli-nary and administrative segregation (solitaryconfinement) to receive books from a book carttransported to their unit.On May 16, we signed a film service agree-ment with the Film Service Branch of the NorthCarolina State Library. This enabled us to beginborrowing 16mm films.pecsSlane SIn June, the DOC consultant informed us thatwe had been approved to receive $950 from theinmate welfare fund to be used for the purchaseof reference books for the library. We ordered aset of World Book encyclopedias, as well as otherneeded reference materials with these funds.Donations from various sources continued toarrive almost weekly and by July the book collec-tion exceeded 1,000 books. Circulation reportscontinued to show a steady increase. Inmatesbegan expressing a desire for more new booksand in August, we distributed an inmate readinginterest survey form to assess our patronsT needs.August also brought the arrival of our magazinesand our processing supplies.Foreseeing the vast amount of work ahead,the prison administration assigned an inmateaide to the library.The State Library institutional consultantbrought a number of paperback books in August,as well as the good news that our grant had beenapproved. The $4,200 in grant funds allowed us topurchase additional books and enough equip-ment to initiate our listening center operation.The listening center features wireless head-sets and has proved to be a very popular librarya:Piedmont Correctional CenterTs vocational carpentry class built the seven-foot shelves that the inmates are browsing.1985 Fall"153

program. Statistical reports for 1984 indicate anaverage of 213 inmates utilizing this resource permonth. Listeners have the privilege of selectingmusic by their favorite artists. A wide array ofcassettes and phonodiscs provide patrons withmany types of music, such as rock and pop,rhythm and blues, gospel, soul, jazz, and country.Religious and motivational tapes are also avail-able upon request.A non-reader in prison is trulylocked out as well as locked up.With the continuing contribution of booksfrom the State Library, donations from theDepartment of Correction and from individuals,and materials purchased with LSCA and inmatewelfare funds, the book inventory has increasedto over 2,000 volumes by January 1984. Four-footbook shelves would no longer accommodate ourgrowing collection. With funds provided by theinmate welfare fund, we arranged for PiedmontCorrectional CenterTs vocational carpentry classto build seven-foot book shelves for the library. Wereceived these shelves in February. The institutionitself provided us with the funds to purchasethree revolving book racks, thus providing us withadditional shelving space.In June 1984, we submitted another LSCAproposal. The library received $2,045 from thiseffort. $1,000 was spent on books, $420 on phono-discs and cassettes, and $625 on listening centerequipment which included a turntable and threewireless headsets. Inmate welfare funds wereapplied towards the purchase of another cassetterecorder and four additional headsets.By the end of December 1984, our bookinventory increased to 3,300. According to 1984circulation statistics, the percentages of types ofmaterials circulated were as follows:BOOKSNon-fiction 17%Mysteries 13%Westerns 14%Science Fiction 3%Occult 4%Other 14%65%Magazines accounted for 35% of the totalprint circulation. No record is kept of newspaperuse.An inmate prison aide checks out materials to another inmate at Southern Correctional Center Library.154"North Carolina Libraries

The three most popular authors in the collec-tion are Donald Goines (black experience), LouisLTAmour (western) and Harold Robbins (soft coresex). The most popular magazines are osoft porn�types such as oPlayboy,� oPenthouse,� and oPlay-ers.� oPeople,� oEbony,� and oSports Illustrated�are also in demand.Our increased book inventory and the addi-tion to our listening center boosted our number ofpatrons to 1,717 in January 1985. Our total circu-lation for the same month reached a record highof 2,559 items.Future plans for the library include discard-ing all noncirculating items to allow space forbooks proven to be in demand. With the purchaseof additional book racks, we anticipate housing acollection of around 8,000 books. We hope tomake the library's physical appearance moreappealing by carpeting the floor and adding somelounge-type furniture. We foresee establishing acomputer station for the recreational and self-educational purposes of our patrons. Relying oninstitutional and inmate welfare funds, donationscoordinated by the Department of Correction andindividuals, state and federal grant funds, andbook money administered by the State Library, wewill strive to maintain and build upon a goodbeginning. Our prison library, although small, isviewed as a quality product. It is one that theinmates themselves view as a Mecca for enlight-enment and for brief periods of escape: a windowto the outside world. A non-reader in prison istruly locked out as well as locked up.Be 3 i ek eee ee eee ence a ee LERI& MMA a ENT daeJoin NCLASatis sagt cimitocsen pits ket nt neNORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION____ New membership "_" Renewal ____ Membership no.NameFirst Middle LastPositionBusiness AddressCity or Town State Zip CodeMailing Address (if different from above)CHECK TYPE OF DUES:CO SPECIAL-Trustees, paraprofessional and support staff, non-salaries persons,retired librarians, library school students, oFriends of the Library,� and non-(TOFAIGHS® cotta eee theo agit rete ee Mae coer son $15.00O LIBRARIANS"earning up to $12,000 ......-.--2sssrrrererr settee teens $22.000 LIBRARIANS"earning $12,000 to $20,000 .....- essere eee eeeee teen eee $30.00CO LIBRARIANS"earning over $20,000 .....-+++ssrrrrrerrer reese sees ees $40.001 CONTRIBUTING"individual, Association, Firm, etc. interested in the work ofiN(clW Ween bra deve Y eteceren ye kErcesa le $50.00© INSTITUTIONAL"Same for all librariesCHECK SECTIONS: One free; $4.00 each additional.© Children's O Trustees © WomenTs Round TableO College © Public CO Ethnic Minoriti© Documents CO Ref, & Adult ic Minorities RTO Jr. College OC RTSS (Res.-Tech.)© NCASL (School) O JMRTAMOUNT ENCLOSED $.Mail to: Eunice Drum, Treasurer, NCLA, Division of State Library, 109 East Jones Street, Raleigh,NC 27611.1985 Fall"155

Finding the LineJohn MichaudI am writing about my new job at a medium-security prison for adult male felons. The libraryis a little more than two years old and I am thethird librarian to hold the position. Things are alot different here from the public library where Iused to work. For one thing, along with my libraryscience degree, I now have a correctional officerTscertificate.In order to fulfill the requirements of theDepartment of Correction, I had to complete afour week course at the North Carolina JusticeAcademy a few months after being hired"sort ofa basic training. The curriculum covered sucharcane subjects as unarmed self-defense, pistolqualification, training in case of a riot and someuseful courses in interpersonal skills. In all theclasses I sat through, there was one lesson to belearned: my basic duty as a prison employee is toprotect the public from those individuals judged athreat to society. This means that as I deliverlibrary services I must never forget that thepatron is an inmate. Finding the line betweenstaff and inmates is not always easy.As an experienced bookman, Iknow that a visit to the libraryshould be more than a series ofinmate/staff confrontations.Centrally located to the five cell blocks, thelibrary contains 800 square feet of floor spacewith shelving for around 7,000 books and seatingfor ten patrons. The inventory stands at 4,031books including paperbacks. The library alsohouses a small record collection with two stereoturntables that transmit to wireless headphones.To help me I have two inmate assistants. Theymanage the circulation desk and the stereo sys-tem, shelve books, file and process books; how-ever, a lot of routine work like answering thetelephone and photocopying cannot be delegatedto them for reasons of internal security. One ofJohn Michaud is Librarian, Eastern Correctional Center inMaury.156"North Carolina Librariesthe library assistants spins the records, but theinstitution rules mandate that the librarian signout the headphones. So, when I am at a meetingor someplace else on business, there is no music.Inmates who come to the library must hand me apass as well as sign in. When they get ready toleave, I sign them back to their cell blocks.As an experienced bookman, I know that aThings are a lot different herefrom the public library where Iused to work. For one thing,along with my library sciencedegree, I now have a correc-tional officerTs certificate.visit to the library should be more than a series ofinmate/staff confrontations. So the major chal-lenge of my job is to create a real library withinthe prison (a library equipped with a cardcatalog, classified books and materials that reflectthe interests and needs of the residents) and, inthe process, demonstrate to some skeptics thatthe library can be a place for information andleisure time enjoyment. The notion of quality pris-on library service is slow to materialize forobvious reasons: the systemTs basic function isincarcerating individuals; consequently, moneyfor building a book collection has low priority. Asa matter of fact funding by the Department ofCorrection for library materials is negligible, all ofit going to by magazines. Fortunately, we cur-rently have a small LSCA Title I grant; on theother hand, because of cumbersome purchasingprocedures, it is difficult to spend the grant fundsin such a way as to respond to the reading inter-ests of the inmates. As I was heard to say recently,oBuying books is not like procuring ammunition.�The collection remains essentially an oddassortment of discarded books and ogifts.� Fortitles not in the collection, I rely on the StateLibraryTs interlibrary loan network. Another goodsource of books is a rotating collection provided

to us by the Neuse Regional Library. While thetypical inmate reads on a sixth grade level, read-ing interests are surprisingly varied, from solarpowered satellites and plate tectonics to C.Wright Mills and Sufism. Paperback fiction, espe-cially westerns, accounts for most of the circula-tion. There is also a steady demand for theclassics, black history, religion, art and schoolrelated subjects.""""""The longer I work at it, themore confident I am of findinga workable compromise be-tween being a librarian andbeing a correctional officer.Copies of articlesfrom this publicationare now availablefrom the UMI ArticleClearinghouse.Yes! I would like to know more about UMI Article Clear-inghouse. I am interested in electronicordering through the following system(s):O DIALOG/Dialorder CJ) ITT DialcomCJ OnTyme C1) OCLC ILL Subsystem-] Other (please specify)_"""""_____".C1 am interested in sending my order by mail.(J Please send me your current catalog and user instruc-tions for the system(s) | checked above.Nariie ce Ree aTitheInstitution/Company""___DepartmenAddresCitys. Se YAY eee al SePhone ( )ONC TtICS nseMail to: University Microfilms International300 North Zeeb Road, Box 91 Ann Arbor, MI 48106The library is a popular place and I enjoymaking it work. It serves an average daily inmatepopulation of 450 and the institutional staff.There are 1,150 inmate library visits a month. Ofcourse, many come simply to listen to music or toscan the special oanatomy magazines.� Book circu-lation has increased concomitantly with collec-tion development. By the way, statistics for thislibrary's productivity tend to understate the out-put as books are often passed around from oneresident to another or they simply leave undersomeone's shirt.In the game of tennis that I like to play, itTsalways good to get out there and play a toughopponent. It improves oneTs game. And, itTs acharacteristic of this job that the longer I work atit, the more confident I am of finding a workablecompromise between being a librarian and beinga correctional officer.EEEH. William OTShea, Jr., chairman of the NCLANominating Committee, has announced the fol-lowing election results:Vice-President/President-Elect Patsy J. HanselSecond Vice-President Edith BrilesSecretary Dorothy W. CampbellTreasurer Nancy C. FogartyDirectors Arial A. StephensBenjamin F. SpellerALA Representative Fred RoperPresident of the organization for 1985-87 is Pau-line F. Myrick.David Harrington, chairman of the NorthCarolina Association of School Librarians Nomi-nating Committee, has announced the followingresults of the 1985 NCASL elections:Vice-Chairman/Chairman-Elect Carol SoutherlandDirector at Large 1985-89 Carolyne BurgmanDirector Geographial Area1985-89 Kathy KiserAASL Affiliate Assembly Delegate1985-86 Glenn WallChairman of NCASL for 1985-87 is Helen Tugwell.ener ae eg A A A RSS1985 Fall"157

I Work in a PrisonMichael ChildressI work in a prison. Some people refer to it as aocorrectional facility.� A hundred years ago theprogressive leaders of an enlightened populacereferred to a correctional facility as a peniten-tiary. Today that sounds harsh. In the 1930's biggangsters and big matinee idols called a correc-tional facility the obig house,� inmates were calledocons,� and doing time was oin stir.� oStir� wasdone under the considerate care of a correctionalofficer called a obull.� I donTt know what librarianswere called if they existed. Sometimes I wonder ifwe have a name now. I hear a few now and then,but I am not allowed to print them. Being a librar-ian in a prison requires ego control. Before every-one earned a degree, ego control was called othickskin.� If you work anywhere in a prison, at any job,you need thick skin. I'll tell you why.I arrive at work at 7:00 a.m. I go to the office30 minutes early to beat the traffic and enjoy aquiet cup of coffee. I take it black. ItTs really quietat 7:00 in the morning at this prison. Breakfast isjust being served to 540 close custody, gun-con-trolled murderers, rapists, child molesters, pro-fessional thieves, and drug pushers"all librarypatrons. In spite of the quiet murmurings of aslowly heating architecture being warmed up inthe clear gold of a beautiful Carolina sunrise, Imust not fail to remind myself that the peace isillusive. This place is dangerous. Professionaltrainers have informed me, nagged me, pleaded tome, and demonstrated to me many different waysthat my jobrcould get me killed or permanentlyinjured. I have standard security procedures toobey. If ITm not careful in following them my fam-ily may end up very sad. If that sounds overdra-matic, then prison work is not for you.At precisely eight oTclock inmates begin enter-ing the library. My inmate clerk checks out thebooks so I can observe as much as possible. Asidefrom my inmate clerk and the guidance counselorwho shares office space with me in the library, Iam on my own. Often my colleague is out of thelibrary for long stretches of time. At that time, IMichael Childress is Library Technician I at Piedmont Cor-rectional Center in Salisbury.158"North Carolina Librariesam absolutely alone with sixty criminals who, ifthey wanted, could take me hostage at the merestwhim. Technically, I am helpless to prevent thisfrom happening if they actually ever decide to doit. Unprofessionally speaking, I must be nuts.Either that, or foxholes and prison libraries haveno atheists.Inmates including the murderers from break-fast surround me. They are listening to music onheadphones, reading magazines, looking throughthe 7,000 paperbacks, and reading the newspap-ers. The scene looks pretty tame, but I donTt knowwhat they are thinking. No one is talking. I had tostop all talking. Once a large homosexual ringinfiltrated the library for several days. Theydecided that this would be their place to raiseinstitutional hell. They disturbed everyone somuch, something had to be done. It was. No talk-ing. No whispering. No murmuring. No clucking.No nothing.As well as being a librarian, I am a certifiedcorrectional officer just like a policeman. As acorrectional officer, I often have the uncomforta-ble responsibility of confronting a 6T4� 290 lbs. ironpumper with muscles like Conan the Barbarianwith the news that he must leave the library"now. Another danger of being a prison librarian isemotional stress. See above. Anyone who says heis not nervous in such situations is either stupid, aliar, or all three. I've lost count.ItTs my personal practice to keep open doorsdeadlocked at the knob. This is to ensure that ifsomeone does try to attack me, at least I will havebetween 10 and 15 seconds to grab the telephonebefore he breaks through the glass. No kidding.Just to make sure I see him coming, all book-shelves in the library are bolted flush to the wallwith any free-standing shelf not more than threefeet tall. None of the free-standing shelves arearranged in rows. They run straight end to end.This is done so no one can play jack-in-the-box,thus encouraging staff into asking about the earlyretirement plan.Some of my patrons are nuts. Mental healthstaff have descriptive words of Latin derivation totell me to be careful (really, really careful) around

these particular inmates. These inmates cannotcome to the library because they are locked inlittle cells upstairs. I take books to them twice aweek. In the course of checking out books to thesemen, I have been cussed, spit on, and attacked. Igo home at 4:30 p.m. (on the dot, pal).What in the world am I doing here? Well, Ilove ideas, and I respect challenges. This hasplenty of both. When I think sometimes that itTs alla farce, I remind myself of the old, thin, bald-headed guy who comes almost every day to checkout a book. One day he returned a copy of HenrySteele CommagerTs History of the American Peo-ple. This day, I was working the circulation desk.As it left his hand, his face took on a concentratedappearance and his voice a studious tremor. Hesaid, oITve read two books in my whole life and ITmsixty-one years old. The first one I read wasTobacco Road when I was sixteen. It wasnTtnothinT. But everybody in American ought to readthis book. Do you have anything on Thomas Jef-ferson? He was one of the smartest men who everlived in the world.� Before he stepped into thislibrary, this old man had read only one book.Since then this old fellow has read nearly every-thing in the 900Ts on American history. I oftenhear him in the hallways around the prison talk-ing to other inmates about Thomas Jefferson, theCivil War, and the Constitution of the UnitedStates. B.F. Skinner might say that this was onepiece of corn that dropped down and suppliedjust enough reinforcement to keep me fromstruggling against a sea of troubles. No matter.Anyway you look at it, somehow, through all thismess, a human mind was unlocked.Instructions for the Preparationof Manuscriptsfor North Carolina Libraries1. North Carolina Libraries seeks to publish articles, bookreviews, and news of professional interest to librarians inNorth Carolina. Articles need not be of a scholarly nature,but they should address professional concerns of the librarycommunity in the state.2. Manuscripts should be directed to Robert Burgin, Editor,North Carolina Libraries, School of Library Science, N.C.Central University, Durham, N.C. 27707.3. Manuscripts should be submitted in triplicate on plain whitepaper measuring 8%"x11".4. Manuscripts must be double-spaced (text, references, andfootnotes). Manuscripts should be typed on sixty-space lines,twenty-five lines to a page. The beginnings of paragraphsshould be indented eight spaces. Lengthy quotes should beavoided. When used, they should be indented on bothmargins.5. The name, position, and professional address of the authorshould appear in the bottom left-hand corner of a separatetitle page.6. Each page after the first should be numbered consecutivelyat the top right-hand corner and carry the author's lastname at the upper left-hand corner.7. Footnotes should appear at the end of the manuscript. Theeditors will refer to The Chicago Manual of Style, 13th edi-tion. The basic forms for books and journals are as follows:1, Keyes Metcalf, Planning Academic and Research LibraryBuildings New York: McGraw, 1965), 416.Susan K. Martin, oThe Care and Feeding of the MARCFormat,� American Libraries 10 (September 1979): 498.8. Photographs will be accepted for consideration but cannotbe returned.9. North Carolina Libraries is not copyrighted. Copyright restswith the author. Upon receipt, a manuscript will be acknowl-edged by the editor. Following review of a manuscript by atleast two jurors, a decision will be communicated to the writ-er. A definite publication date cannot be given since anyincoming manuscript will be added to a manuscript fromwhich articles are selected for each issue.Issue deadlines are February 10, May 10, August 10, andNovember 10.1985 Fall"159

A PrisonTs Library " A Look InsideBetty J. GholstonP.T. LancasterAs you walk through the doors of the mediacenter, you will see what appears to be an ordi-nary library. The colorful books in Mylar jacketsare arranged on the shelves that surround the2,000 square feet of floor space. Shiny rectangulartables and upholstered chairs fill the orange-car-peted and well-lighted room. Seasonal and color-ful bulletin boards line one wall while scenicpaintings and hanging green plants grace the oth-ers. Attractive lounging furniture, paperbacknovels, periodicals and newspapers all help tocreate an atmosphere that is relaxing and entic-ing. However, the young men you see browsingthrough magazines while listening to the latesttunes on tape or phonodisc are not the ordinarypatrons of a library; they are incarcerated youth-ful offenders"prison inmates. Even the color oftheir clothes has a very distinctive meaning. Thegrayish brown signifies medium custody (re-stricted movement with gun towers) and the darkgreen signifies minimum custody (less restrictedenvironment). These eighteen-to twenty-threeyear-old offenders are housed at Cameron Morri-son Youth Center, part of the Youth Complex ofthe North Carolina Department of Correction. Itis situated in Hoffman, North Carolina, in thenorthern end of Richmond County.The media center, located in the academic/vocational building, is the oheart� of CameronMorrison. The question of how the oheart�responds to the demands of its patrons is an-swered by the large number of residents using theservice. The 4,000 hardback books (classifiedaccording to the Dewey Decimal System) offer theresident varied opportunities for research. Audio-visual materials selected according to the aca-demic and vocational needs of the residentsprovide learning experiences through picturesand sounds.The recreational library is a special feature ofthe media program and is the most popular. Forhours, residents leave the world of reality behindBetty J. Gholston is Media Specialist and P.T. Lancaster isEducational Director at Cameron Morrison Youth Center inHoffman.160"North Carolina Librariesand live in a world of fantasy by reading theirfavorite paperback books or listening to the otopof the chart� soundtracks through stereo head-sets (a wireless system of electronic and mechan-ical technology). Color television, movies andgames are also part of the recreational libraryprivileges. The library has an area designated forresidents who desire to read religious materials orto listen to religious tapes. Other media programsinclude a core law library which allows residentsat Cameron Morrison and Sandhills Youth Centerto do legal research. Poetry contests, quiz bowls,book review and other programs are used tostimulate and maintain interest in the offerings ofthe media center.The demand for services hasbeen so great that media per-sonnel have established threesatellite libraries in the dormi-tories.Of the 400 inmates at Morrison, approxi-mately half are enrolled in academic and voca-tional classes. All classes are scheduled to visit themedia center once or twice a week. On Fridaysand two Sundays each month, those residents onwork assignments or those not assigned specificduties may use the media center. The demand forservices has been so great that media personnelhave established three satellite libraries in thedormitories.The Media Specialist holds both Bachelor ofScience and Master of Science degrees. She hasspent sixteen years at Cameron Morrison YouthCenter and relates well to the residents and staff.The library aides are inmates working in incentivewage jobs which pay from forty cents to one dol-lar a day. Their jobs are like those of most libraryaides or assistants. They check media in and out,process books and materials, and perform routinemaintenance.

"""""ee rc eS S"( StrThe philosophical concepts of any media cen- the routine of prison life through the magic ofter are as varied as the clientele it serves. media.Cameron MorrisonTs objectives are as follows: As a result of funding by LSCA Title I Grants1. To serve the educational needs of residents (through the North Carolina State Library) andbased on their individual goals. state funds, meeting these objectives is possible.2. To strengthen and support the rehabilitative Thus, we may conclude that the media centerneeds. is the oheart� of the campus and that its obeat� is3. To serve the leisure or recreational needs of its loud and clear, and would be a welcome additionresidents by providing them an escape from to any correctional facilty anywhere.Sao icabvate pees IncWHAT DO YOU LOOK FOR IN A BINDERY?e Your collection deserves the bindingexcellence attained through 226 yearsexperience.Certified by the Library Binding Institute,we offer you a choice.Select Class oA� binding or try our Superflex.) Both are fully guaranteed in materials andVre)a.4tat-Ualiall oFSERVICE, QUALITY, AND FAIR PRICES... THE RUZICKA WAY.Come by for a personal tour of our facilities. "OF Mola aah c= mcolmex-Wadel Ii leon911 Hoare? Street e P. O. Box 21568 ¢ Greensboro, North Carolina VI)Telephone (919) 299-7534An Equal Opportunity Employer1985 Fall"161

Sandhills Youth Center LibraryRobert E. DrakeThe library at Sandhills Youth Center serves amultitude of purposes. It is located within theschool complex. It supports the educational pro-gram and falls under the supervision of the Edu-cation Director. Being the institutionTs onlylibrary, it must provide for recreational pursuitsincluding facilities for pleasure reading, amuse-ment games such as chess and checkers, a listen-ing center for popular music, film showings forboth video cassettes and regular 16mm films andlive television. The library is also the holding anddistribution center for all audiovisual equipment.Since it is the hub of so much activity, its bulletinboard is a posting place for current directives andnotices for residents.The Youth Center population is made up of18-24 year-old male youthful offenders whoseaverage academic achievement level is between5th and 6th grade and whose school history typi-cally ended with them as 8th grade dropouts. Thestudents are essentially considered in two catego-ries: those who have the potential to earn theirhigh school equivalency (GED) and those who canbe expected only to learn to cope with daily living.Thus, our program reaches from the elementarythrough high school grades. With the residentTsaverage stay of 7 months, the curriculum ad-dresses only basic needs in mathematics, lan-guage arts, science, and social studies. In addi-tion, there are daily periods of vocational trainingand physical education.To. support the education program, thelibrary reference section, comprising about 500books, includes the usual encyclopedias, factbooks, and atlases (studentsT knowledge of geog-raphy is incredibly poor). The reading level ofthese reference books is generally too high for theaverage resident. Why then do we have suchbooks? The answer is a puzzling dilemma: resi-dents will not publicly use books of low-level read-ing since the child-like presentation of theseRobert E. Drake is Education Director, Sandhills Youth Cen-ter in McCain.162"North Carolina Librariesbooks is ego-deflating; on the other hand, theyunderstand little from a reference resource tooadvanced for their comprehension. So the refer-ence sectio ndoes not get a big play by the stu-dents. It is useful to the staff. As part of our staffsupport, we subscribe to eight professional jour-nals such as The Journal of Learning Disabili-ties, Library Journal, The Physical Educator,and Science Teacher.The school is supported to some extent by asmall collection of classics. Except for occasionalrequired reading this material does not oftenleave the shelves. We have also accumulatedextensive material to support our vocationaltraining. Even though this material does haveappeal, the reading level (technical vocabulary)and measurement techniques are pitched toohigh for our average student. We do try, however,to surmount these shortcomings by supportiveteaching in our basic mathematics and readingclasses.... the major attractions of ourlibrary are music and videopresentations.The general reading collection includes about7000 volumes (3000 paperbacks and 4000 hardcovers) and many current periodicals. The favor-ite reading or browsing material reflects the cul-tural mode of todayTs young society. No wonderthen that Playboy ranks highest on the magazinelist and that Conan the Barbarian is the pre-ferred way to enjoy mythology. The popularauthors are Donald Goins, Stephen King, HaroldRobbins, Louis L'Amour and the multiple Conanauthors. In addition to Playboy other magazinefavorites among our twenty-one subscriptions areEasyriders, Hot Rod, Ebony, People, GentlemenTsQuarterly, Jet, Sports Illustrated, and Iron Horse.Because our residents are drawn from everycorner of the state, we keep six of the major daily

state newspapers on our racks. In this connec-tion, our post GED classes have used the oNews-papers in Education� program with much success.We have had classes in science, current events,cultural affairs, and communication skills allbased on the daily newspaper as text material.The program also has taught students how to usea newspaper and has motivated their interest inreading. The librarian distributes these papersand varies or cancels the weekly subscriptions tomeet the unpredictable weekly fluctuation inenrollment.In spite of our effort to foster good readinghabits, the major attractions of our library aremusic and video presentations. Through our lis-tening center we transmit cassette and phonodiscmusic over four different stations to wirelessheadsets. Like the use of the library, the use of theheadsets is a privilege earned by residents as partof the institutionTs behavior modification pro-gram. Issuance of the headsets as well as admit-tance to the library is regulated by the librarian.Keeping up with the musical tastes of the popula-tion is a further responsibility of the librarian,who must choose the cassettes and discs for pur-chase. Recognizing that video constitutes a prin-cipal means of reaching our students, we includein our video cassette collection documentaries ofcultural depth, many recorded by the librarianfrom live broadcasts. We show video cassettes or16mm movies one day each week. The movies areselected from the State Library Film Service onthe basis of their educational merit. We also orderfilms from industry usually to enhance vocationaltraining and science classes. Sources are typicallythe aircraft, steel and petroleum industries andare at no cost. Correspondence relating to thesefilms is maintained by the librarian in coordinationwith the responsible teacher. By careful advanceplanning, the librarian keeps up 4 steady ex-change of films. Live television is infrequent: wepermit classes to view news items of special inter-est such as the space shuttle, political highlights,and, of course, ACC basketball finals.The Sandhills Youth Center library is a busyplace and the librarian and assistants are busypeople. Use of the library, by those earning theprivilege and by an occasional class from absentvocational teachers, involves some 1500-2000 res-idents per month. We are proud of our good ser-vice and of the professional environment offeredby our library. Surely, it is a major step to divertthe attention of these youthful offenders fromcrime to more worthwhile pursuits.State Official Presented ECU AwardHelen Tugwell of Greensboro and President ofthe ECU Library Science Professional Societypresented last week the first Honorary Member-ship of the organization to Carol Gaston Lewis,Director of the Division of School Media Programsin the N.C. State Department of Public Instruc-tion. Ms. Lewis, who holds degrees from EastCarolina and the University of North Carolina atChapel Hill was cited for her many contributionsto library development in North Carolina and heraid given to members of the society which is madeup of the alumni of the Department of Libraryand Information Studies.Ms. Lewis has been with the State Depart-ment for several years and prior to that was asso-ciated with the public schools in various NorthCarolina communities. She is a native of PittCounty, North Carolina and has often been asso-ciated with workshops and seminars sponsoredby East Carolina. The presentation was made atthe annual alumni workshop sponsored by thesociety with over 100 participants present. TheProfessional Society is a section within the ECUAlumni Association.Thispublicationis available inmicroformfrom UniversityMicrofilmsInternational.C Please send information about these titles:NameCompany/InstitutionAddressCityState ZipPhone ( )Call toll-free 800-521-3044. Or mail inquiry to:University Microfilms International, 300 NorthZeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106.1985 Fall"163

Computer Project atWestern Carolina Center LibraryBird R. WilliamsWestern Carolina Center is a regional mentalretardation facility operating as a part of the Divi-sion of Mental Health, Mental Retardation andSubstance Abuse, within the North CarolinaDepartment of Human Resources. The centerserves the western 35 counties of North Carolinaas part of the StateTs developing system of habili-tation for the mentally retarded. Western Caro-lina Center operates on the premise that itsresidents enjoy the same rights of citizenship asdoes every other citizen of the state and of theUnited States.The mission of the facility is to provide resi-dential treatment and care for those mentallyretarded persons in need of the same who areunable to receive appropriate services within thecommunity. The goal is time limited so as to pro-tect the resident from unnecessarily prolongedinstitutionalization and in order to enhance hisearly return to the community. Thus the facilitystrives to be a otherapeutic detour� rather than adead-end street.A restatement of the philosophy of WesternCarolina Center by Dr. Iverson Riddle, director,dated June 15, 1981, reads, oApologies will not bemade for giving the highest priority to bringingpleasure to the lives of handicapped people, apriority which, on some occasions, will takeprecedence over training and treatment.�The opportunity to apply for a LSCA Title Igrant for 1983-1984 was a perfect way to actupon this philosophy.The canteen at Western Carolina Center con-tains several video games. Students at WesternCarolina Center play these games during theirfree time; however, the machines require moneyand the games are played mostly by students whoare earning salaries and are able to travel inde-pendently to the canteen. The time seemed rightfor a computer to be available in the library forgames and the LSCA Title I program was ouranswer to the funding.Bird R. Williams is Library Media Technical Assistant in'theWestern Carolina Center Library in Morganton.164"North Carolina LibrariesJim Myrick, Institutional Consultant of theDivision of the State Library, was our mentor inour decision to request a computer for games tobe played in the library. Judy Kurzer, Director ofStandards, Reports, and Special Projects and thesupervisor of the library, is a strong advocate forthe library and for the quality of life of our resi-dents.In order to apply for this grant, we had tomake many decisions and do much research. Thefirst decision was to attend an introduction todata processing class offered to Western CarolinaCenter personnel through Western PiedmontCommunity College in Morganton, N.C. Thisproved to be most helpful.It was decided to make the computer avail-able during library periods and also to make itportable so it could be checked out for games tobe played in the classrooms during free time.The facility strives to be a other-apeutic detourT rather than adead-end street.A prior decision had been made to removetelevisions from the classrooms and two of theseancient, but still good, 21� television sets wereplaced in the library. This meant we did not haveto spend our grant money for a monitor. Thiscame back to haunt us.To meet the requirements of the grant appli-cation, we had to specify which computer wouldbe bought. We picked up brochures, visited com-puter centers, talked to users and discussed thewhole thing with Mr. Myrick, who is a computerbuff, and, of course, compared prices. Finally, andcarefully, the decision was made to purchase aCommodore 64. This computer could play games,play music, show colors, and it also showed prom-ise of use for a long time. Its sturdiness was also inour favor. We were satisifed with the decision topurchase the Commodore 64.

The software market for the 64 seemed to bediversified, plentiful, and forward looking. Thegames looked like fun and seemed to be suitablefor our students.Since we were not going to buy a monitor, wedecided to purchase a 1541 disk drive, whichwould enable us to have access to many moregames.Our computer system was enhanced with alater grant, and we decided to purchase a printer,an Okimate 10.We did not have to use grant funds to pur-chase a table as Dr. Denny Reid, director of pro-grams, and an enthusiastic supporter of what wewere trying to do, allowed us $100 to purchase atable.Our first joystick purchase was later adaptedfor the constant and sometimes rough use itwould get in our setting. This joystick is still beingused. We also purchased a set of remote controlsticks. Some games called for paddles, and wefinally found them at Sears.The library at WCC is scheduled from Mondaythrough Friday in forty-five minute periods. Theseperiods are scheduled for every area on campus.Our goal was to introduce these games during thescheduled times. This learning period was sup-plemented by workshops and individual visits toMike Pettit works on the microcomputer at Western CarolinaCenter Library.the computer. When the students were beingtaught the games, students who were not actuallyable to play the games enjoyed watching thegames in progress. Teaching the teachers alsoworked out very well.Several students visited the library inde-pendently and were taught to play any gamesthey chose. Some students can now load and playwithout further instruction. Recently, a studentintern selected a student and taught him to load acartridge and to turn on the computer. Howproud he became! As an after-school recreationalactivity, students may choose to visit with arecreator and play. Students have also dictatedletters and had them printed on the Okimate.This project has been successful for ourlibrary and we have learned many things alongthe way. Some of the pluses and minuses arelisted below:1. The 21� color TV is good graphically and can beseen easily; however, it is not portable. This hascut down on the use of the computer for freetime out of the library.2. The Okimate 10 printer is suitable, but a betterquality printer would have been more pleasing.The quality of the color and printing, and theneed for frequent ribbon changes are not in itsfavor.3. The market of software for the 64 has beenvery good and easy to find. Places like K-Martor Brendles have some good sales. Our favoritegames are Pac-Man, Clowns, Wizard of Wor,Kindercomp, Delat Drawing, Christmas Car-ols for the 64, Facemaker, Radar Rat Race andSea Wolf. Another favorite is the Koala Pad.Our players do not like Frogmaster or Zork. Aborrowed copy of Creative Writing brought arequest from a student to write a letter for himand print it for mailing. What a good idea hehad!4, We have found the Wico sticks to be sturdy andable to stand a lot of abuse. The adapted joy-stick is of help for the students with the use ofone hand as it is clamped to the table. It, too, isvery sturdy.5, We purchased our equipment wherever wecould get the best price. Our biggest problemwas finding knowledgeable people to help us.The entire experience has been enlightening,educational, frustrating, and joyful. I would jumpin and do it all over again.1985 Fall"165

Use of a Microcomputer with Residentsand Staff at a State Institution ServingMentally Retarded PersonsMary Lou LyonThe lack of appropriate leisure skill oppor-tunities for adult residents at large state residen-tial facilities is a well documented problem(Baker, 1980; Ingalls, 1978). Because this group ofresidents is predominantly older, fewer and fewermaterials marketed for leisure or play time can beused by them, considering their handicappingconditions and developmental status (Certo,Schleien, & Hunter, 1983). The dilemma ragesbecause games, books and toys made for adultsare most likely too complex and therefore not fun,while materials for children are not appropriatefor adults and may quickly lose their appeal.One possibility for increasing leisure skillsopportunities is through the use of microcomput-ers. In the student library at Murdoch Center inButner, a Commodore 64 microcomputer hasbeen made available to all residents on campus.For the past six months, efforts have been madeto encourage use of the microcomputer withannouncements in several campus newslettersand an active ospreading-of-the-word� by enthu-siastic participants.But why computer training with mentallyretarded residents? Computers fit many of thedesired qualifications for leisure skill activities:age-appropriate, non-edible, able to increase ordecrease in level of difficulty, multi-sensory (vis-ual, tactile, auditory), non-sexist, safe and fun.Other advantages of using computers versus peo-ple as a diversion are immediate feedback and thecomputerTs limitless patience.There has not been much effort made to workwith persons who are severely handicapped usingcomputers due to the inaccessibility of machines,the complexity of operation and the lack of avail-able programs which are feasible for a severelyphysically or mentally retarded group. Withrecent technological advances, special devices arenow becoming available which make computersmore accessible to even the most physically handi-Mary Lou Lyon is a Research Associate at the University ofNorth Carolina and Educational Consultant at Murdoch Cen-ter in Butner.166"North Carolina Librariescapped persons. For instance, special devicesallowing a person to operate the computer with apush button switch, blow switch or infra-reddetector are on the market. In addition, com-puters can be programmed to talk with an elec-tronic female or male voice and adapted withraised braille dots, making it accessible to personswho are blind (Keating, 1984). Many more pro-grams are also being developed for all ages andranges of ability, making the selection of gamesand activities which can be used for fun andteaching on the computer more diverse.The purpose of this study was to help evalu-ate the potential applicability of computer usewith residents at Murdoch Center. Classes werearranged with a number of residents to begincomputer training on a weekly basis. Studentsranged from 18 to 72 years, with classificationsfrom quadriplegic and profoundly mentally re-tarded to moderately retarded and behaviorallydisturbed.Other advantages of using com-puters versus people as a diver-sion are immediate feedbackand the computerTs limitlesspatience.The goals established for the computer pro-gramming at Murdoch Center included:1. The expansion of leisure activity opportunitiesfor residents;2. An increase in the amount of time residentswill spend interacting with an object;3. The provision of a reinforcing stimulus for res-idents;4. An increase in residentsT overall skill develop-ment (e.g., visual acuity, fine and gross motordexterity, receptive communication, etc.);5. The encouragement of social interactions be-tween residents and between residents andstaff; and

6. An increase in the general use of the StudentResource Library.There were six students who participated inthe project. Residents involved in the computertraining sessions finished the program at varyingstages of mastery; however, all made degrees ofprogress and appeared to enjoy the work. Datawas kept on their weekly performance to helpassess the methods of training and the applicabil-ity of the selected programs.An important factor in working with handi-capped persons is documenting their medicationstatus (Poling, 1983). Residents at state institu-tions are often found to be on various substancesfor controlling such problems as seizure activityor aggression. These medications in turn can havea profound effect on the personTs behavior,depending on such things as tolerance, amountsand drug interaction effects. Drug information oneach subject was documented for the duration ofthe project.MethodPresented are profiles of two of the subjectsinvolved in the study. Though one subject washigher functioning than the other, both were ableto operate and enjoy the use of at least one pro-gram on the microcomputer after training. Medi-cation histories for the subjects during the studyare also included.Subject 1. Joan was the oldest female student whoparticipated. She has been a resident of MurdochCenter since 1964 and is 53 years old. Her classifi-cation includes severe mental retardation, spas-ticity and moderate diplegia (paralysis). She alsohas a visual impairment, most pronounced in oneeye.In reviewing JoanTs records for the computerprogramming period, her medications were foundto include a potassium supplement given everyday, one cap daily of Diazone and 45 ccTs of Milk ofMagnesia.Before computer programming began, Joanwas evaluated and found to have adequate finemotor control to press individual buttons on thecomputer in several locations, with some consist-ency. Her attending behavior was good, and sheappeared to enjoy social contact and verbalpraise.Subject 2. Jerry is a 22-year-old, moderately men-tally retarded male with a behavior disorder andclassification of psychopath. He had been incar-cerated in a number of residential facilities beforebeing admitted to Murdoch Center in 1983.Jerry's teachers were particularly interestedin expanding his classroom and leisure skillsactivities, due to his generally restless behaviorand tendency to create trouble when not activelyinvolved in structured situations.His medications at the time of programmingincluded a daily dose of Colace, and 75 milligramsof the anti-psychotic drug, Mellaril.Jerry was a motivated student and quicklymastered the rudimentary procedures necessaryto operate the computer. Although there wereinstances where he regressed into obaby-talk� orinappropriate touching behavior, JerryTs overallbehavior was exemplary during class periods,indicating his desire to continue in the program-ming.SettingClasses were conducted in the StudentLibrary on campus. The library, located in theRehabilitation Services Building, is centrally lo-cated on the Murdoch Center Campus. Thelibrary is housed in a large room on the main floorand the computer, monitor and computer pro-grams are situated at desks in the back right handcorner.ProcedureFor the computer classes, each student metfor individual work at various times between 8:30AM and 4:30 PM, Monday through Friday, depend-ing on their personal schedules. Each class periodlasted for approximately thirty minutes.Training with each student began with anidentification of the parts of a microcomputer.Next the student was asked to assist in retrievingthe program, inserting the disk into the disk driveand turning on the various parts. Depending onthe physical and mental abilities of the student,the program selected was then adapted to a levelwhich would make the computer work challeng-ing but not impossible.The program selected for training in this proj-ect was oBuild a Face� (Quinn & Weinstein, 1982).The choice of the game as the training tool wasbased on the following criteria: (1) the game wassuitable for adults; (2) it had simple rules; (3) itrequired the use of only a few keys on the com-puter keyboard; (4) it could be played by personswith limited motor movements; (5) it was visuallyattractive, and (6) it had interesting responsivereactions.To begin the training the student was checkedon the program task analysis sequence to findthe step where instruction should begin. The1985 Fall"167

task analysis for the oBuild a Face� program ispresented in Table 1.ResultsSystematic data was kept on Section C (seeTable 1) of the task analysis for each subject.Though Sections A, B and D were part of theinstructional sequence during each class session,TABLE ITask Analysis for playing the Microcomputer Program,oBuild a Face�A. Identifying and Readying the ComputeriLPps iSe See Corte9.10B. Loading the Computer Programit;12.13.14.C. Playing the oBuild a Face� game15.16.bv18.19.20.21.22.23.24,25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.Identifies a diskIdentifies the disk driveIdentifies the monitorIdentifies the computerSelects the oBuild a Face� programRemoves disk from sleeveInserts disk into disk drive and closes doorTurns on disk driveTurns on computerTurns on monitorWait for the word READY to appear on the monitorscreen and type LOAD o*�, 8 on the keyboardPress the Return keyWait for the word READY to appear on the monitorscreen and type RUN on the keyboardPress the Return keyPress 1Press returnPress space bar 1 timePress returnPress space bar 1-8 timesPress returnPress space bar 1 timePress returnPress space bar 1-8 timesPress returnPress space bar 1 timePress returnPress space bar 1-8 timesPress returnPress space bar 1 timePress returnPress space bar 1-8 timesPress returnPress space bar 1 timePress returnPress space bar 1-8 timesPress returnD. Turning off computerON,38.39.40.41.42.Turns off monitorTurns off computerTurns off disk drive(to build face)(to see list of features)(to select mouth)(to see mouth choices)(to select a particularmouth)(to see list of features)(to select eyes)(to see eye choices)(to select particular eyes)(to see list of features)(to select ears)(to see ear choices)(to select particular ears)(to see list of features)(to select nose)(to see noise choices)(to select particular nose)(to see list of features)(to select hair)(to see hair choices)(to select particularhairdo)(to see created face)Opens disk drive door and removes diskReplaces disk in sleeveReturns disk to shelf168"North Carolina Librariesthe abilities of students to accomplish these stepswere quite varied. Thus adaptations were neces-sary, making comparisons among students diffi-cult.Data for Section C was analyzed using thepercentage of steps completed independentlyduring the programming sessions. As can benoted in Figure 1, JoanTs performance level duringbaseline was very low, indicating her lack of priorexposure to microcomputer application.After the intervention training, however, shedemonstrated relatively stable gains in skill levelsover the next five sessions. By the sixth sessionshe was playing at least half of the program inde-BaselineIntervention100PercentageyteSessionsFigure 1. Data for Joan across the ten sessions of thecomputer training.Baseline Intervention100 ¢ so95 ; pe90 /85807570656055504540353025201510] @-ie)PercentageSessionsFigure 2. Data for Jerry across the ten sessions of thecomputer training.

pendently, which was the rate she maintained forthe remainder of the sessions.JerryTs data for Section C shows a steady pro-gression throughout the sessions. As stated pre-viously, he wanted to learn and worked hardduring each class period to please himself, theinstructor and the unit staff who attended withhim. He also displayed good retention particularlybetween sessions 3 and 4, as did Joan, wherescores were greatly improved.As Jerry's scores improved tremendouslyaround the eighth session, he was asked to beginconcentrating on the amount of time it was takinghim to finish playing the game. Because he wasable to speed up his work on Section C and makeperfect scores for sessions 9 and 10, he wasallowed to play other games of his choice duringpart of those class periods.Both Joan and Jerry appeared to enjoy theirmicrocomputer classes, as demonstrated by theiranticipation of the sessions and their remindersto staff when classtime was approaching. Theyalso acknowledged when asked, that playing onthe microcomputer was a favored leisure skillsactivity.ConclusionsThe purpose of this study was to determineJerry works on the oBuild a Face� program.the extent to which institutionalized, mentallyretarded adults could learn to play a game on amicrocomputer, and whether work on the com-puter would become reinforcing and a leisureskills activity the residents would request. Using atask-analyzed instructional sequence based on aparticular computer program, students weretaught to identify parts of the computer. In addi-tion, they learned how to turn the computer onand off, and how to play all or part of a selectedcomputer game.Results of this study support previous re-search findings demonstrating the ability ofseverely handicapped and mentally retarded per-sons to expand their leisure skills opportunitiesthrough the use of systematic behavioral teachingtechniques (Schultz, Vogelsberg, & Rusch, 1980;Matson & Marchetti, 1980; and Schleien, Muccino,& Certo, 1984). The study further demonstratedthat work on the microcomputer can be consid-ered an appropriate leisure skills activity for aninstitutionalized population.The importance of leisure skills opportunitiesfor residents of state institutions is emphasized.By substituting positive leisure skills activitiesduring residentsT free time, negative behaviorshave shown to be reduced (Horner, 1980; Wahler& Fox, 1980). The increased availability of such, 41985 Fall"169

materials as suitable books, games, microcom-puters and record players would greatly enhancethe existence of life for those at residential facili-ties. At Murdoch Center, these and other itemsare being offered with assistance at the StudentLibrary. Further research is needed to identifyother appropriate computer games and sourcesof recreation which would lead to an increase inthe desirability and use of libraries at all residen-tial facilities in North Carolina.I wish to thank Lillian Gray, Murdoch Center Librarian, forher invaluable assistance and willingness to help throughoutthis project. I also appreciated the constant support of KerryMcIntosh, and the tutorial guidance of Pete Newman and BillFleeman.ReferencesBaker, D.B. oApplications of environmental psychology inprogramming for severely handicapped persons.� Journal of theAssociation for Severely Handicapped Persons 5 (1980)3:234-239.Certo, N.J., Schleien, S., & Hunter, D. oAn ecological assessmentinventory to facilitate community recreation participation byseverely disabled individuals.� Therapeutic Recreation Journal17(1983):29-38.Horner, R.D. oThe effects of an environmental enrichmentprogram on the behavior of institutionalized profoundlyretarded children.� Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis13(1980):473-491.Keating, K. oTalking computers bring non-sighted out of darkages.� Closing the Gap (Oct./Nov. 1984):7.Ingalls, R.P. Mental retardation: The changing outlook. NewYork: John Wiley & Sons, 1978.Matson, J., & Marchetti, A. oA comparison of leisure skillstraining procedures for the mentally retarded.� AppliedResearch in Mental Retardation 1(1980):113-122.Poling, A. Picker, A., & Scott, W. oPsychopharmacologicalresearch with the mentally retarded: A methodological analysisof thirty-nine studies from 1970-1982.� In Advances in thetreatment of self-injurious behavior, edited by J.C. Griffin et al.,1983, 89-122.Quinn, C., & Winstein, M. Build a Face. Spinnaker SoftwareCorporation, Cambridge, MA., 1982.Schleien, S.J., Muccino, A., & Certo, N.J. oAcquisition of leisureskills by a severely handicapped adolescent: A data basedinstructional program.� Education and Training of the MentallyRetarded (Dec. 1982):297-305.Schultz, R., Vogelsberg, R., & Rusch, F. oA behavioral approach tocommunity integration of mentally retarded persons.� InCommunity integration of developmentally disabled indi-viduals, edited by A. Novak and L. Heal, Baltimore: Paul H.Brookes, 1978, 107-119,Wahler, R.G., & Fox, J.J. oSolitary toy play and time out: A familytreatment package for children with aggressive and oppositionalbehavior.� Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 13(1980)23-29.Join NCLANORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION____ New membership __" Renewal "_" Membership no.NameFirst Middle LastPositionBusiness AddressCity or Town State Zip CodeMailing Address (if different from above)CHECK TYPE OF DUES:(© SPECIAL-Trustees, paraprofessional and support staff, non-salaries persons,retired librarians, library school students, "Friends of the Library,� and non-ITD PaRIANS osetae es: ob okies See See eR a hos eas $15.00O LIBRARIANS"earning up to $12,000 ..... 0.0... e cece eee $22.00© LIBRARIANS"earning $12,000 to $20,000 .............. 0.0. ee eee eee $30.00C. LIBRARIANS"earning over S20;000 ag sg vee recs ere ede ene ee $40.00© CONTRIBUTING"individual, Association, Firm, etc. interested in the work ofINEGI acs stk sc SIR Picea Senseo « See ct eR a aaa as in bao Fae tw od $50.00O INSTITUTIONAL"Same for all libraries ................ 0000s cece $50.00CHECK SECTIONS: One free; $4.00 each additional.© Children's © Trustees © Women's Round TableO College O Public © anceHiaesurcents CO Ref. & Adult O Ethnic Minorities RT© Jr. College © RTSS (Res.-Tech.)© NCASL (School) OQ JMRTAMOUNT ENCLOSED §$.| eres Sa a aR PE A A ATES YC NNER SH RES SRR SERS SS ER SS SSSAMail to: Eunice Drum, Treasurer, NCLA, Division of State Library, 109 East Jones Street, Raleigh,NC 27611.170"North Carolina Libraries

WISE ARCHThis new personal computer soft-ware package makes it simple andinexpensive to access the onlineWilson databases. Requiring noprior search experience,WILSEARCH automatically formu-lates your search and providesinstantaneous retrieval of data.ReadersT Guide AbstractsThe first of the Wilson indexes tobe offered with abstracts, ReadersTGuide Abstracts will be available inmicrofiche format in the fall of 1985,and will offer high-quality abstractsfor all of the articles indexed in the182 periodicals now covered byReadersT Guide.American ReformersEdited by Alden Whitman 944pp. ReadyISBN 0-8242-0705-X $75 U.S. and Canada,$90 other countries.Offering concise biographies of 508men and women who were theprincipal architects of reform inAmerica from the seventeenth centu-ry to modern times, this book coversreformers from all political andideological persuasions.Booktalk 2Booktalking for All Ages and AudiencesA Second EditionBy Joni Bodart 408pp. ReadyISBN 0-8242-0716-5$20 U.S. and Canada, $23 other countries.Featuring more than 250 newbooktalks, this revised and expand-ed edition contains all of the practi-cal instructions and advice you'llneed to plan, write, and deliversuccessful booktalks to all audi-ences, with special chapters onbooktalking for children and on theschool librarian as booktalker.Current BiographyYearbook 1985500pp. Approx. January 1986 ISSN 0084-9499$40 tent. U.S. and Canada, $50 tent. othercountries.The 1985 Yearbook cumulates the11 monthlyissues of Current Biography,and provides a complete listing ofthe yearTs obituaries and an indexto all the biographical articles thathave appeared since 1980.HLW WILSOJunior High SchoolLibrary Catalog,Fifth Edition800pp. tent. September 1985ISBN 0-8242-0720-3 Price to be announced.A practical tool for collectiondevelopment, cataloging, classifica-tion, and general reference, the allnew Fifth Edition lists some 3,000Essay and General a et bee als ~ non-: iction titles essential to the juniorLiterature Index high school library salestionan1980-1984 subscription includes the initialhardcover volume and four annualpaperbound supplements for a fullfive years of service, 1985-1989.This five-year cumulative volumelists subject and author references Stories Behind Wordsto almost 20,000 essays from more By Peter Limburg 250pp. tent. October 1985than 1,500 publications cited in the " !SBN 0-8242-0718-1 $23 tent. U.S. andIndex between 1980 and 1984. Note: Canada, $27 tent. other countries.Those who have maintained an A lively, informal essay on theannual subscription to Essay and personalities of words, this bookGeneral Literature Index for the shows how meaning has evolvedpast five years receive the five-year through centuries of use, and re-cumulative volume as part of their Yeals some of the wealth of history,regular subscription at no extra cost. folklore, and mythology that liesFact Ab buried beneath familiar language.acts About Twenty Tellablethe Presidents iSupplement to the Fourth Edition FolktalesEdited by Margaret MacDonald 225pp. tent.By Joseph Nathan Kane 12pp. Ready o9242-0719-X $23 tentISBN 0-8242-0709-2 $3 US. and Canada. October 1985 ISBN 0-8242 $ nt.. oth ies.$3.50 other countries. U.S. and Canada, $27 tent. other countriesCovering the full record of Ronald Designed for beginning ana practic.rave i torytellers, this is a collection ofReagan's first term, complete re- eesults of the 1984 election, and 20 folktales from around the world,second-term cabinet appointments perfect for reading aloud to childrené ~ up to sixth grade level. The booksoil brings the Fourth Satine instructions for shaping,ition of Facts About the Presi- ___|earning, and telling tales; sugges-fee� up-to-date through tions for audience participation andie apt Hota performance styles of other cultures;notes on the origins of the talesincluded; and selective bibliographies.World Authors 1975-1980Edited by Vineta Colby 864pp. ReadyISBN 0-8242-0715-7$65 U.S. and Canada, $75 other countries.Covering 372 international writers ofexceptional importance or populari-ty who have been influential inshaping the cultural climate of the1980's, this volume consists ofconcise biographical essays whichaddress the authorsT lives, work, andcritical response to that work.November 1985ISSN 0014-083X LC 34-14581 Price to beannounced.Toll-free number for orders and service:1-800-367-6770(In New York State, call 4-800-462-6060)THECOMPANY950 University Avenue,Bronx, New York 10452(212) 588-84001985 Fall"171

Supervision of the Librariesin a School SystemArabelle FedoraIt is ironic that I was asked to speak aboutthings I wish I had known as a new supervisor. In1980, for a course assignment, I wrote a proposalfor research on the most important tasks for thenew supervisor to perform the first year. Unfor-tunately, I never conducted that research as itwas proposed. At the time I wrote the proposal, Ihad completed my third year as a supervisor buthad not forgotten the feeling of being over-whelmed that first year.After agreeing to do this talk, I began toscribble little notes as I remembered incidentsand impressions from my first year. I sorted thesethoughts into two groups, 1) ounexpectations� ofthe job, or, things I did not anticipate, and2) coping strategies.Before I begin, let me issue my disclaimers. Imust say that I have yet to learn much aboutbeing effective in this job. One of the pleasures ofthe position is that there are endless opportu-nities for professional growth. Furthermore, Ihave only worked in large school districts, so myremarks may not be pertinent to smaller ones.Finally, I donTt always practice what I preach"some suggestions are easier said than done!UnexpectationsDifferent Set of RewardsThe rewards of being a district-level librarysupervisor are different from those of being aschool librarian. Every day as an elementaryschool librarian 1 relished lots of rewardingmoments helping students. Children are wonder-ful boosters because they are so open andexpressive about their feelings. The owarm fuzzy�moments as a supervisor are present"getting abudget increase, helping a librarian solve aproblem, thwarting a censorship effort, seeing theconstruction of a new library"but these rewardsare less obvious at first and may be slower incoming.Arabelle Fedora, Coordinator of Media Services, Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools, made this presentation at thesupervisory workshop sponsored by the Round Table on theStatus of Women in Librarianship in May 1985.172"North Carolina LibrariesOverwhelming Number of ResponsibilitiesMost school librarians are oIt.� They run one-person shows of acquisitions, technical services,reference, bibliographic instruction, AV, not tomention hospitality manager and back-up cus-todian. Similarly, the supervisor is bombardedwith hundreds of tasks and must sort out whichare the most important to do first. I found it moredifficult than expected to keep the substantiveprogram planning and development ahead ofpaper shuffling and telephone ringing.AdministratorsT Knowledge of LibrariesPrepare to encounter incredible ignorance oflibraries! I expected to have to explain libraryservices to community groups, including schoolboard members, but I did not anticipate that thelevel of awareness would be quite so low amongsome of my central office coworkers. You knowthe remarks"oITve always thought it would benice to be a librarian and do nothing but workwith books all day.� At the district level you getthese:From a teacher"oIt must be nice not to haveto deal with students all day.� (Little doesthis person know what it can be like towork with adults all day, some days.)From a principal"~SheTs a great librarian; weonly lost five books last year.�From an assistant superintendent"~oIf wehad centralized processing, we wouldn'tneed any clerical help in the libraries.�MurphyTs LawOn any given day it is safe to expect MurphyTsLaw to take over. Have in mind what you want toaccomplish each day, but donTt be surprised if astring of events comes up out of the blue to alteryour plans. I learned to be wary whenever Ithought I might be able to clear my desk. The nextphone call would be from a librarian distraughtover a censorship problem or from the bossrequesting a major report in an hour, or both!I quickly learned to expect something to gowrong every time I conducted a workshop.Examples are snow, equipment failure, and losthandouts.

I now know to expect a surprise resignationduring the first week of school when all the greatpeople I interviewed have signed contracts else-where.aePrepare to encounter incred-ible ignorance of libraries.aPoliticsPolitical gamesmanship is more of a sport tosome people in a school district than it is acontructive method of achieving progress for aneducational program. I did not expect thenumber of administrators whose style was Somanipulative and covert. Most, however, are trulydedicated to the education of children. Learningto recognize each is difficult for the new super-visor, because appearances are not always whatthey seem to be.Quality of Library ProgramsThe first year was a shock to my professionalidealism and naiveté. I never dreamed that thefew weak library programs would be quite asinadequate as they were. The burden of disap-pointment in some of my coworkers was consid-erable, at times. I felt as if I was knocking myselfout trying to be an advocate for libraries for thesake of some people who were not in the least bitdedicated to librarianship. Even though theselibrarians were certainly the minority, some daysI believed my energy was being drained trying toimprove a few programs, leaving little time forthose people who would appreciate and benefitmore from my efforts. Migraines are common!On the Positive Side...Having listed some of the challenges of the jobwhich I did not expect to find, let me hasten toemphasize that the thrills of being 4 supervisorare significant. I have the pleasure of associationwith many top-notch librarians. I also work withnumerous supportive administrators who arecatalysts for my efforts. It is a wonderful feeling toknow that my work can potentially benefit all ofthe students in an entire school system and canimprove the quality of worklife for all of thelibrarians.Coping StrategiesDifferent Set of RewardsProgress itself becomes rewarding even if afinal goal has not yet been met. Learn toappreciate small steps as victories. Be delighted,for example, when a person who has beendefensive and resistant to suggestions calls andasks for your help.Setting goals for each year (and for each day,week, month) provides a mechanism for reward-ing work. Accomplishing a goal is very self-satisfying.It will not be long before you can look back onyour job and see progress. The warm relation-ships you will build with many people also becomerewarding in themselves.Overwhelming Number of ResponsibilitiesSince so many of my thoughts fit into thiscategory, I shall simply list them. I learned manyof these strategies from Gertrude Coward, whowas the director of libraries in Charlotte-Mecklen-burg for thirty years. Working in her office forthree years served as a valuable apprenticeship.1. Get to know the people your first year.Concentrate not only on names and faces, butlearn something personal about each. Look foreveryone's strengths. oPeople� means everybody"librarians, library clerks and volunteers, princi-pals, teachers, school secretaries, other adminis-trators, all other central office employees, etc.The first week on the job is not too soon tointroduce yourself to other central office person-nel, such as personnel directors, purchasingagent, building and maintenance directors, aswell as the obvious curriculum supervisors. Stopby their offices to say hello. You may wish to askfor an appointment for a longer visit to expressyour philosophy and interest in working together.Getting started on a friendly basis can make lifeeasier when differences of opinion arise later overspecific issues.aeI quickly learned to expectsomething to go wrong everytime I conducted a workshop.aeBe visible in the schools. When people findyou familiar they are more inclined to call.At the beginning of the school year, spendlots of time with new librarians, both onew� aslibrarians and onew� to the system. Helping themget started on the right foot will pay off manytimes over.2. GertrudeTs advice on establishing credibil-ity was to get the things people want first.Fortunately, there is a honeymoon period for anew supervisor, during which reasonable requestsare fulfilled. Other administrators expect you to1985 Fall"173

make changes and hate to say ono� to the newperson. The first year I was able to get an increasein the budget that the elementary principals andlibrarians had requested for years. From then on Ihad their cooperation on more significant pro-gram changes.3. Tend to glaring problems right away, butdonTt be afraid to take the first year to get the layof the land and to evaluate. Building relationshipswith people will pave the way for changes you willwant to make later.4. Ask the librarians what they think are theneeds. During the first meeting I asked smallgroups of librarians to identify issues (especiallypolicies) in need of attention and staff develop-ment needs. The lists generated kept me busy forquite some time!5. Listen to the librarians when they offeradvice. This is a simplistic statement, but one ITvethought much about, because I have learnedplenty about supervision from the people Isupervise. I believe people want the new boss tobe effective, having had several new bosses myself.I want him or her to be successful, respected, andinfluential, because that effectiveness will bringgood things eventually to libraries. So when I seeweaknesses in my bossTs performance, I wish Icould candidly suggest changes. Thus, it stands toreason that the people I supervise would like toadvise me from time to time. The challenge istwofold"to make people feel comfortable andfree to express themselves, and to take anycriticism as well-intended and constructive.6. Keeping people informed from the verybeginning of your tenure eliminates much waste-ful worrying and misunderstanding. Rumorsabound in school systems about decisions whichare pending. There are those who try to keepsecrets and a shroud of mystery around discus-sions (which leak out eventually anyway) in afeeble attempt to exercise control and power. Theresult is generally a lack of support. If a mattermust be kept a secret from the librarians, explainwhy. In time they will learn that you can betrusted to keep them posted.7. When in doubt about how to handle apersonnel issue, perhaps the toughest for a newsupervisor, the Golden Rule applies. Think, oHowwould I feel if... ?�8. Work hard on time management princi-ples. A good secretary is wonderful and can oftenidentify time-savers for you. Whenever possible,go straight to a school in the morning rather thanto the office, where you may get stuck for the restof the day. Delegate whatever you can.9. When facing a tough decision, consult all174"North Carolina Librariesof the appropriate people, including your peers inother school systems. Always ask whatTs best forthe education of students. Holding all deliber-ations up to that standard has helped me manytimes to make a decision and to stand by thatdecision.AdministratorsT Knowledge of LibrariesConfronting ignorance of libraries is a con-stant marketing job. The offensive is better thandefensive. Take your boss to visit good programs.Point out what you want him or her to see, or heor she may miss what is obvious to you. Try toview this part of your job as a challenge with bigpayoff potential, not as a chore. Give benefit of thedoubt, assuming that the administrators areinterested in having strong programs but aresimply unaware of the key ingredients.Use students, teachers, and parents asadvocates for you, e.g. speaking to the schoolKeeping people informed fromthe very beginning of your ten-ure eliminates much wastefulworrying and misunderstand-ing.board about how important libraries are to them.Get to know the systemTs PTA Council.Think of the parallels to the public relationsthat must be carried out by the building-levellibrarians. They must volunteer their services,speak up, reach out to users. The same is true forthe supervisor. For example, offer to assist othersupervisors with curriculum revision projects.Keep your eyes open at all times for facts andfigures to help make your points. Collect them asan ongoing task, so that you will not have toscramble or get caught without when you needthem on short notice. Comparison to other dis-tricts can be effective.MurphyTs LawIt really is important to plan ahead tominimize the chance of things going wrong. Forexample, print any handouts you will need for ameeting as far ahead as you can.Trying to anticipate changes that are likely tooccur in a school system will enable you to beginplanning. By keeping my ear to the ground, so tospeak, I can buy precious lead time to get mythoughts together before I am asked to do so bymy boss.

PoliticsBeing aware of the politics in a school systemis critical for survival. The danger, I think, is ingetting so caught up in politicking that you forgethow to deal with people in an honest, straight-forward manner.It is also important to try to stay neutral if youfind yourself in an environment of cliques. Awoman who was about to retire after many yearsin our system warned me not to ohitch my wagon�to a particular ostar,� because she predicted thathe was going to ofall.� She was right.The school system grapevine is more likekudzu. Much inaccurate information circulates. Ifyou hear arumor that disturbs you because of itspotential impact on libraries, go as high asnecessary for verification. DonTt lose time stewingabout what you heard; check the rumor out. Alsobe careful what you say to whom. Confidences areviolated more than you realize.Quality of Media ProgramsWhen you feel depressed, treat yourself to anR&R visit. Go to one of your best schools, helpsome students with whatever activity is takingplace, and enjoy watching a wonderful librarianat work.Tell yourself that tomorrow will come, thatthe particular task at hand will get done, andthat someday you'll look back and marvel thatyou got past this particular hump.Above all...Keep your sense of humor! Much of whatoccurs in the supervisorTs job is funny, if you canstand back and view the situation a bit objectively.If the right to express your ideas is important to you...then you can help fight suppression of free expression.Freedom to Read FoundationThe battle is an important one. Todayreports of attempts to censor booksand information are at record highs.Any book, magazine, photographor other material can be the targetof would-be censors from the left,right or center.Your membership in the Freedomto Read Foundation can make adifference in protecting the free flowof information and ideas"the basicprinciples of the First Amendment.The Foundation is a 14-year-oldorganization of librarians, lawyers,educators, booksellers, authors,publishers and other concerned citi-zens who have joined together tosafeguard the tradition of-free expres-sion in America. The Foundationprovides legal and financial supportto those at the frontline of censorshipChallenges.Your membership in theFreedom to Read Foundation will:* help support librarians across thenation who are beleaguered byraids on our libraries* expand the freedom to read byoffering legal and financial helpin cases involving authors, pub-lishers and booksellers* entitle you to the Freedom to ReadFoundation News, a quarterlynewsletter on censorship trends,current court cases, legislativedevelopments, and reportsof successes in bouts with censors.Books and ideas aren't dangerous .. .but information restraints on a freepeople are. Protect the future ofthe First Amendment. Join theFreedom to Read Foundation.Yes, | want to become active in theFreedom to Read Foundation.My membership check for $is enclosed. This tax-deductiblecontribution entitles me to vote forFoundation trustees and to receivethe quarterly Freedom to ReadFoundation News.$10 student O $100 sponsor0 $25 regular $500 patron00 $50 contributing 0 $1000 benefactorNameAddressCity State ZipPlease make checks payable toFreedom to Read Foundation andmail to Freedom to Read Foundation,50 E. Huron St., Chicago, IL 60611.1985 Fall" 175

A Twenty-Five-Year-Old DreamBecomes RealityNancy F. BatesThe Lexington Public Library, founded in1928 as part of the Davidson County PublicLibrary System, had never been in a buildingdesigned and constructed for library service untilJune, 1985. Prior to that time, the facility hadbeen housed in four different locations rangingfrom asmall store to a former post office building.As far back as 1962, efforts had been made tosecure a new building but each time some otherneed"a new school, hospital, YMCA"supercededthat of the library. When I arrived in 1974, theLexington facility had been located in the old post-al building for only four years but already spacewas at such a premium that my office was movedto the nearby Chamber of Commerce building. In1974, a concentrated effort was begun to focuscounty commissionersT attention on the problemNancy F. Bates is Director of the Davidson County PublicLibrary.by emphasizing the need at each budget presenta-tion. As a result of this action and a 1976 countyspace assessment, the library was placed fifth ona list of county building priorities. The more in-depth 1979 community analysis, prepared by thelibrary staff as a requirement for receipt of stateaid, was also presented to the Board of CountyCommissioners and generated considerable pub-licity for the library's space needs.By 1981, the Library Board of Trustees hadtaken the initiative by commissioning Hoyt Galvinof Charlotte to do an analysis of the LexingtonLibrary building. This report revealed the imme-diate space requirements to be three times thatpresently available in the old postal building. TheGalvin report was presented to the county com-missioners in April, 1981, and received favorablebut cautious response. A commissioner wasappointed to work with the library board on seek-ing potential sites for a new building; however, theThe new Davidson County Public Library is a renovated grocery store.176"North Carolina Libraries

trustees were advised that such a project wouldhave to be a community effort not one fundedsolely with tax dollars. Further credibility wasextended to the project that year when both thecity and county governments appropriated$65,000 toward purchase of a site.The search for sites continued until late 1982when three-quarters of a city block of downtownproperty became available for the very reasonableprice of $375,000. The site included two buildings,one containing 20,000 square feet, the other14,000. After consultations with Mr. Galvin andarchitects, the decision was made to renovate the20,000 square foot structure and retain thesmaller building as an income generating prop-erty until it would be needed for future expan-sion. Architects were hired and schematic draw-ings and design work were developed to give thepublic an idea of the buildingTs potential.Prospects for immediate action on renova-tion were enhanced with the receipt of a $200,000state grant in July, 1983. Thereafter, eventsunfolded rapidly. A feasibility study was commis-sioned to determine the publicTs support for thelibrary building program and the very positiveresults enabled the board of trustees to hire aconsultant to manage a $600,000 building fundcampaign. The campaignTs organizational phasebegan in September and by May, 1984, pledges inexcess of $636,000 had been received.A 25-year-old dream became a reality onJune 30, 1985, with the formal opening of the Lex-ington Library. Over 500 people attended theceremony which was highlighted by the ~dedica-tory address delivered by Dr. William C. Friday,President of the University of North Carolina.Copies of articles from thispublication are now available fromthe UMI Article Clearinghouse.For more information about the Clearinghouse, please fillout and mail back the coupon below.Yes! I would like to know more about UMI ArticleClearinghouse. I am interested in electronic orderingthrough the following system(s):ITT DialcomCJ OCLC ILL SubsystemDIALOG/DialorderOnTymeOther (please specify)Lam interested in sending my order by mail.Please send me your current catalog and userinstructions for the system(s) I checked above.UNE tidsouseName.TitleInstitution/Company.DepartmentAddress.State (A alle aah AACity ""____"_Phone ( )Mail to: University Microfilms International300 North Zeeb Road, Box 91 Ann Arbor, MI 481061985 Fall" 177

In Pursuit of State AidNancy F. BatesLobbying for state aid has never been, toparaphrase Euclid, a royal road. In truth, historyshows the way to be rocky, steep, and filled withpotholes, detours, and dead ends. It took twelveyears to sell the idea of state aid to the GeneralAssembly and in the intervening forty-four years,increases have often been small and sporadic. Forexample, from 1941 to 1983, it was feast or fam-ine with biennial increased fluctuating from $665in 1959-61 to $1,316,353 in 1973-75.1This hit and miss approach to funding prob-ably can be attributed largely to the lack of anorganized, grassroots lobby to speak out for a bet-ter level of support and, to the fact, according to astudy by Oliver Garceau, that olibrarians were notfacing the realism of the political structure ofwhich they, inevitably, were a part.� He also foundthat oby and large, librarians did not considerthemselves as employees of government or asmembers of a public bureaucracy. Public adminis-tration was"and is"a political process, andlibrarians needed to understand and appreciateclearly the political world of the public library.�Political Astuteness GrowsFortunately, in the last six or eight years pub-lic librarians have become more politically astuterealizing that elected officials, whether local orstate, listen to the people who put them in office.We have begun to look at the large block of voterswho patronize our libraries and ask these citizensfor assistance in petitioning county commission-ers and legislators. The past four years haveproven that public libraries are not withoutfriends. In some cases it has been simply a matterof making supporters aware of the libraryTs needsand problems.Librarians have also become more cognizantof the old adage, othere is strength in numbers.� In1979 the North Carolina Public Library DirectorsAssociation was formed having as one of its aimsthe improvement of communications with localand state governmental officials. Along with theNancy F. Bates is Director of the Davidson County PublicLibrary.178"North Carolina LibrariesGovernmental Relations Committee of the PublicLibrary Section of NCLA, the association has beena catalyst in setting and carrying out legislativegoals. In 1980 concerned citizens and librariansjoined together in organizing the Friends of NorthCarolina Public Libraries. One of this groupTsobjectives was to foster closer relations betweenlibraries and the stateTs citizenry thus increasingthe publicTs awareness of library services.To say that the efforts of these groups weresuccessful from the beginning would be mislead-ing, to say the least. For the first two years, thereremained considerable lack of unity and purposeas different segments pursued their own agendawith individual legislators. This lack of organiza-tion created dissension and turmoil promptingsome legislators to advise, olibrarians get your acttogether.�Groups Join ForcesTaking this message to heart, the groupsjoined forces with the common goal of securing asix million dollar increase in state aid for the1983-85 biennium. The strategy consisted of per-sonal contacts with key legislators and intensephone and letter campaigns by directors, librarystaff, trustees, friends, and patrons.With limited financial resources available forlobbying, the Governmental Relations Committeesof PLS and PLDA were forced to rely on theiringenuity to capture the attention of the GeneralAssembly. The decision was made to provide eachlegislator with a brief informational brochure aswell as a small, inexpensive but very clever favor.In 1982, the theme was carried out with a pocketof peanuts using the caption oPublic librariesoperate for peanuts. HereTs a pocketful for you!�At General Assembly Library Day in March, 1983,each legislator was given a yellow rose and ribbonwhich said, oPin a rose on you for supporting pub-lic libraries.� In July when the six million dollarswas appropriated for the biennium, small basketsof peaches were presented to key legislators whohad made possible the passage of the measure.The tag line read, oYou're a real peach! Thanks forsupporting public libraries.�

Flushed with the success of the previousbiennium and realizing we were on to a goodthing, the lobbying effort gathered new strength.Committee members racked their brains for aninnovative, showstopping way to thank membersof the General Assembly for the 1983-85 appro-priation and for strategy to secure another sixmillion dollars for the 1985-87 biennium. Seizingupon a patriotic topic, library directors visited theGeneral Assembly on February 19, 1985, givingevery legislator an informational brochure alongwith a small apple pie topped with a miniatureAmerican flag and the slogan oPublic libraries areas American as apple pie. Thanks for giving us ourslice!�A month or so later, Senator Harold Hardisonand Representative Billy Watkins introduced twinbills for the sum of $3,000,000 for FY 1985-86 and$3,150,000 for FY 1986-87 to increase state aid topublic libraries. Twenty senators and twenty-eight representatives signed the measures inashow of bipartisan support. John Jones, NancyMassey, and Arial Stephens are to be commendedfor their persuasive efforts with Senator Hardisonand Representative Watkins respectively. On July18, 1985, Senate Bill 182 was ratified by theGeneral Assembly. Contained in this appropria-tion measure for the 1985-87 biennium was $6million dollars for state aid to public libraries.BenefitsPerhaps the greatest benefit to be derivedfrom the lobbying effort, in addition to theincreased funding, has been establishing visibility,rapport, and credibility with the General Assem-bly. Legislators now know what services librariesperform, how many citizens use libraries, and howlibraries contribute to their communities. Theyare very much aware that state aid reaches everycounty and has the potential of touching the livesof every citizen in North Carolina.Librarians also have gained much from thisexperience as, we hope, we have lost some of ourpolitical naivete. Alice Ihrig has said, oPerhaps thejob description for any librarian should read, inpart ... ~has knowledge of the political process,and is willing and eager to be involved as an indi-vidual in making the process work for the good ofthe people served by this library.�Many people deserve credit for the twelvemillion dollar (125%) increase in state aid overthe past four years. As Chairman of the PLSGovernmental Relations Committee and Presi-dent of NCPLDA, I want to express my sincerestappreciation to librarians, trustees, friends, andusers for their time and effort. Without the con-tinuous flow of letters and phone calls, the endeav-or would not have succeeded. There are those,however, as there are in any venture, who wentabove and beyond the call of duty. These individ-uals are best described in the words of JamesBryant Conant: oEach honest calling, each walk oflife, has its own elite, its own aristocracy based onexcellence of performance.�Special ThanksIn alphabetical order, our aristocracy in-cludes Members of the General Assembly: FormerRepresentative Allen Adams, RepresentativeBobby Etheridge, Representative Joe Mavretic,Senator Harold Hardison, Senator Aaron Plyler,Senator Tony Rand, and Representative BillyWatkins; Trustees: Jake Killian and Perry White.Librarians: Louise Boone, Bill Bridgman, MarthaDavis, Mary Jo Godwin, Henry Hall, Barbara John-son, John Jones, Nancy Massey, Wayne Modlin,Doug Perry, Margaret Randall, Arial Stephens,Judith Sutton, and Jerry Thrasher. A special noteof thanks to David McKay and the State Librarystaff for their support and hard work especiallyon General Assembly Library Day.References1. Thornton W. Mitchell, The State Library and Library Devel-opment in North Carolina (Raleigh: North Carolina Departmentof Cultural Resources, Division of State Library, 1983):141-142.2. Oliver Garceau, A Report of the Public Library Inquiry: ThePublic Library in the Political Process (New York: ColumbiaUniversity Press, 1949):111, 238-239.3. Alice Ihrig, oLibrarians and the political process,� in As Muchto Learn as to Teach, edited by Joel M. Lee and Beth A. Hamilton(Linnet Books, 1979):93.4, John Bartlett, Familiar Quotations (Boston: Little, Brownand Company, 1968):1026.Copies of articles fromthis publication are nowavailable from the UMIArticle Clearinghouse.UMHS ouseMail to: University Microfilms International300 North Zeeb Road, Box 91 Ann Arbor, MI 481061985 Fall"179

New North Carolina BooksAlice R. Cotten, CompilerFred Chappell. I Am One of You Forever. BatonRouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1985. 184pp. $14.95. ISBN 0-8071-1216-X.I Am One of You Forever, Fred ChappellTs fifthnovel and his first since 1973, is testimony to theimmense talent of this native North Carolina wri-ter.Set in the hill country of western North Caro-lina during the years just before the outbreak ofWorld War II, and covering about a two-yearperiod, the story is narrated by young Jess, anamiable ten-year-old boy. Jess lives with hismother, father, grandmother, foster brother, and,occasionally, an assortment of unusual relativeswhose memorable eccentricities leave an indelibleimpression on the boyTs mind. It is a novel aboutgrowing up and coming of age in a less compli-cated era, told with insight and understanding.Born in Canton in 1936, Fred Chappell grewup in Haywood County. He graduated from DukeUniversity in 1961 and remained at Duke until1964, when he joined the English faculty at theUniversity of North Carolina at Greensboro. Hehas been a full professor there since 1971. Chap-pell has long been recognized as one of the pre-eminent authors of this region. His literary yield ismarked by consistently high quality. Publishedworks to his credit include several volumes ofpoetry, a collection of short stories, and five nov-els. This year he and John Ashberry were co-recip-ients of the prestigious Bollingen Prize in Poetry.Though ChappellTs fiction contains a distinctiveNorth Carolina flavor, with identifiable settings,thematically it is universal in scope.I Am One of You Forever brings to the fore theauthorTs cumulative gifts as skilled poet and story-teller. Written in the rich vernacular dialect of themountains and interspersed with descriptive nar-rative of great lyrical beauty, the novel bringstogether individual vignettes richly crafted andoften infused with humor. We meet Uncle Luden,who at age sixteen left the family farm to seek hisfortune in California; his visit home upsets almostthe entire community. His debonair approachtoward romance leads him into trouble with the180"North Carolina Librarieshusbands and boyfriends of the women he callsupon. This flair for the ladies later causes him tobecome the object of a cruel practical joke playedby JessTs father and Johnson Gibbs, his fosterbrother.Other relatives that follow Uncle Luden onvisits include mysterious Uncle Gurton with hislong, flowing beard tucked inside his overalls, whodisappears and reappears without notice. Seer-like Uncle Zeno, the storyteller of the family, lives,according to Jess, oin a different but contiguoussphere that touched our world only by means of asort of metaphysical courtesy.� Uncle Runkin car-ries about with him his bed, a hand-carved coffinalready twenty-five years in production, in hissearch for an appropriate epigram to engrave onthe unfinished lid. Aunt Sam, the well-knowncountry singer, bawdy in speech, is, nevertheless,a woman of honesty and strong character whoreturns to recapture the essence of family she lostto tragedy, and to repair the broken friendshipbetween herself and JessTs grandmother.Though Chappell imbues each of the abovecharacter sketches with humor, sometimes bor-dering on the hilarious, he is quite capable ofevoking moments of poignancy, such as in relatingthe death of Johnson Gibbs, the orphan, whoselife has enriched JessTs otherwise lonely existenceon the farm. Early in the novel we learn thatJohnson has enlisted in the army, where he isultimately to meet his death. A telegram reachesthe family informing them that Johnson Gibbsdied in a training accident at Fort Bragg before hecould make good his intention of killing Hitler.The telegram repulses the family to the extentthat no one will touch it, so death-like has itbecome. It next becomes the object of ritual thatthe family must confront in order to be releasedfrom its stranglehold. As Jess describes in hisencounter and subsequent emergence: oI donTtknow how long I sat looking ... At last the tele-gram began to change shape ... I watched it goaway and my heart lightened then and I was ableto rise, shaken and confused, and walk from theroom without shame, not looking back, finding myway confidently in the dark.�

JessTs willingness to face the reality andharshness of death enables him to continue par-ticipating in the lives of those who touch hisexistence; one example is his vision, at the con-clusion of the novel, of being with Johnson Gibbsagain. For Jess will be one of them forever.This novel is highly recommended for alladult fiction collections. Many young adultsshould also find this readable.Jim Chapman, Public Library of Charlotte and MecklenburgCountyMary Jane McCrary. Transylvania Beginnings: AHistory. Brevard: Transylvania County HistoricProperties Commission, 1984. 321 pp. $27.50 plus$1.95 shipping and handling (Order from South-ern Historical Press, PO Box 738, Easley, SC29641-0738.) ISBN 0-89308-415-8.Mary Jane McCrary has inspired an attrac-tively printed, well-bound book that will interestgenealogists and local historians in western NorthCarolina. A fifth-generation native of Transylva-nia County, Mrs. McCrary strove to ohonor thefamilies of the pioneers and to give gratefulrecognition to the institutions they have be-queathed to us"the churches, the schools, andgovernment by the people.� She and other contrib-utors accomplished that goal.The Transylvania County Historic PropertiesCommission chose to divide Transylvania Be-ginnings into four parts that focus on the periodprior to 1865. Part I, Mrs. McCraryTs overview,titled oTransylvania Beginnings,� includes thirteenshort chapters. Utilizing secondary referencesand a sprinkling of primary sources, includingcourt minutes and published papers, the authorweaves a folksy (and occasionally unobjective)account of Transylvania County's physical char-acteristics, Indians and the period of white set-tlement, the division of counties and the creationof Transylvania County in 1861 from HendersonCounty, frontier commerce and industry, schoolsand education, the development of postal service,churches and preachers, roads and bridges, andthe countyTs role in the Civil War. In many casesMrs. McCrary places these topics in a broader his-torical context. Western Carolina University Pro-fessor of History Gordon B. McKinney verified theaccuracy of many statements and provided manyof the footnotes for Mrs. McCraryTs essay, but wasunable to document all of it. Readers will appre-ciate the 3'4-page bibliography that follows theend notes of Part I.New North Carolina BooksA sixteen-page section of photographs of his-toric buildings, tombstones, and notable resi-dents, printed on slick paper for greater clarity, isfollowed by Part II of the book. This portionincludes a well-documented discussion of theoWalton War� during the early nineteenth century.Robert Scott Davis Jr. intersperses his narrativewith transcribed documents to explain the con-flict that arose over disputed land along theborders of North Carolina and Georgia. Also ofinterest in Part II are a list of TransylvaniaCounty cemeteries, abstracts of marriage bonds(1861-1868), and a list of county officials (1861-1867).Nathaniel B. HallTs contribution, Part III ofthe book, traces the history of blacks. Coveringthe century after 1861, Hall uses primary andsecondary sources to discuss slavesT transition tofreedom, religion, socio-economic aspects of blacklife, service of blacks in various wars, and politics.The compilers devote the final portion of thebook to family history. This 113-page group ofgenealogies, essays, and document transcriptionsshould be of interest to genealogists. Unfortu-nately, these contributions lack sources.Transylvania Beginnings, which includes anindex of names, resembles in format the series ofcounty heritage books published by Hunter Pub-lishing Company of Winston-Salem. Its pleasingphysical characteristics and impressive content,however, set Mrs. McCraryTs book above similarcounty histories. It deserves a place in academicand public libraries in western North Carolina,high school libraries in the immediate area, andother institutions that collect material pertainingto western North Carolina.Maurice C. York, Edgecombe County Memorial LibraryNannie M. Tilley. The R. J. Reynolds TobaccoCompany. Chapel Hill: University of North Caro-lina Press, 1985. 706 pp. $35.00. ISBN 0-8078-1642-6.In 1958 the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Companycommissioned Nannie May Tilley to prepare acompany history. Tilley, whose previous work onthe bright leaf tobacco industry had become astandard, enjoyed an ideal relationship with Reyn-olds. She had access to company records and per-sonnel, a salary that allowed her to devote fulltime to her work, and freedom from control andcensorship. The result is a detailed account of theorigins and growth of R. J. Reynolds Tobacco from1985 Fall"181

New North Carolina Booksits creation in 1875 to its absorption by R. J. Reyn-olds Industries in the early 1960s.Tilley devotes substantial attention to therole of the companyTs founder, Richard JoshuaReynolds, arguing persuasively that Reynolds wascrucial to the early development of the business.He combined a talent for marketing and saleswith a family background in the growing and proc-essing of tobacco when he formed R. J. ReynoldsTobacco Company in Winston-Salem, North Caro-lina. He oversaw the early growth of the companyand, more importantly, guided the concern intoan arrangement with James B. Duke and his greatmonopoly, the American Tobacco Company. Reyn-olds became Duke's lieutenant for the organiza-tion of the bright leaf plug division of the tobaccoindustry, buying out numerous smaller com-panies in the process and emerging from thebreak-up of DukeTs monopoly in 1912 as one of thefour great tobacco manufacturers in the UnitedStates.Tilley clearly sympathizes with R. J. Reynoldsand his successors at Reynolds Tobacco, but shedeals evenhandedly both with the companyTs suc-cesses"the introduction of Prince Albert smok-ing tobacco, the creation of Camel cigarettes andlater Winston cigarettes, and the companyTs senseof community responsibility"and also with itsfailures and darker side"union-busting activitiesin the 1920s and 1930s, the failure of Cavaliercigarettes in the early 1950s, and the conviction ofReynolds executives for violation of anti-trustlaws in 1941.The history of the R. J. Reynolds TobaccoCompany reads better at the beginning, where theauthorTs historical perspective is clear and sheconfidently sets out an organizational theme,than at the end, where historical perspectiveinevitably clouds and her writing tends to becomea chronology of people and events. It also appearsthat the author understands the R. J. ReynoldsCompany much better before its involvement withDukeTs tobacco trust than after. DukeTs monopolywas dissolved by court order in 1911, but Reyn-olds and the other successors to the trust formedan odd industrial group. In part they behaved asif they were an oligopoly, in part as if they werefiercely competing adversaries. Tilley is certainlynot alone in being unsure of exactly the sort ofcreature with which she deals. The long delaybetween the completion of TilleyTs manuscript in1964 and its publication in 1985 means that ques-tions of great interest to many readers are dealtwith in passing if at all. There is almost no discus-sion of the controversy over smoking and healthwhich has dramatically affected the cigarette182"North Carolina Librariesindustry in the last twenty years, and there isnothing on the movement away from tobacco byReynolds and other manufacturers in the lastdecade. TilleyTs style is, as always, clear, clean, andto the point. She has, however, the historianTs loveof detail and shares the historianTs uncertainty asto where essential detail ends and historical triviabegins.Overall, Nannie Tilley has produced a thor-ough, balanced, and lucid history of the R. J. Rey-nolds Tobacco Company, which will serve as animportant account of industrialization in the NewSouth and as a model for business history.Harry McKown, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillRobert Martin Fales, M.D. Wilmington Yester-year. Edited by Diane C. Cashman. Wilmington:Lower Cape Fear Historical Society, Inc., 1984.158 pp. (P.O. Box 813, Wilmington 28402).It is amazing that a city the size of Wilming-ton could be the subject of four pictorial volumeswithin the last four years. Wilmington Yesteryearby Dr. Robert Fales is the most recently publishedWilmington history.An effective pictorial history must be well-de-signed, with crisp unique visuals. Captions shouldbe clearly written and concise. If a book isattempting to be a city history, text should placethe city within an urban history framework. Wil-mington Yesteryear fails to meet these criteria.The most disturbing problem of the volume isuneven picture quality. Some excellent previouslyunpublished photographs appear alongside fuzzyvisuals. The author acknowledges that many vis-uals for the volume were made from his slide col-lection. This is generally unacceptable practice forproduction of quality historical photographs.Also, in a few cases duplication of previously pub-lished illustrations might have been avoided.The design and layout of the book frustratedthe reviewer. Text is followed by photographsrather than placing photographs with the appro-priate text. Photo captions often repeat largequantities of the text, rather than enhancing thenarrative.Dr. Fales, a physician, notes in his prefacethat he is neither a scholar nor a writer. The textis a personal memoir about life in Wilmington dur-ing the twentieth century. The author has cap-tured the life of a bustling seaport and vividlydescribes growing up in a commercial fishing fam-ily. His reminiscences of recreational, commercial,and educational activities of early Wilmington are

recorded with clarity and a sense of humor. Thenarrative sometimes lacks continuity, however,and transitions are often missing.Libraries with limited funds might want toconsider more general pictorial histories such asCape Fear Adventure by Diane Cobb Cashman,published in 1982, or A Pictorial History of Wil-mington by Anne Russell, published in 1981. Forthose interested in architecture, Tony P. WrennTsWilmington North Carolina: An Architecturaland Historical Portrait should be given carefulconsideration. WrennTs 1984 publication is anexcellent detailed architectural inventory of his-toric buildings accompanied by beautiful illustra-tions.Morgan J. Barclay, East Carolina UniversityMichael T. Southern, ed. Historic Montford,Asheville, North Carolina. Asheville: GravesPrinting Company, 1985. 64 pp. $10.20 (includespostage). Order from The Preservation Society ofAsheville & Buncombe County, Inc., P.O. Box2806, Asheville, N.C. 28802.This slim paperback volume, elegantly de-signed and lavishly illustrated, briefly tells the his-tory of the Asheville neighborhood of Montford.Laid out in 1889, incorporated in 1893, andannexed by Asheville in 1905, Montford devel-oped into a large neighborhood of handsome Vic-torian and Colonial Revival residences largelyoccupied by AshevilleTs middle-class profession-als, including lawyer Locke Craig, who was electedgovernor in 1912. His house still stands.The text, based on the Montford Historic Dis-trict Nomination to the National Register of His-toric Places, includes a brief history of Montfordas well as a short architectural essay. The cap-tions to the excellent black-and-white photo-graphs give equal treatment to both the archi-tectural characteristics of the houses and to theirhistory of occupants. The text and photographscombine successfully to describe Montford as acommunity in terms of families and personalitiesas well as a collection of attractive homes.Published by The Preservation Society ofAsheville & Buncombe County, Historic Montfordprovides an excellent model for any neighbor-hood or historic district wishing to publish its his-tory, and will be a welcome addition to any libraryfor its local history, historic preservation, orurban planning collection.Marshall Bullock, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNew North Carolina BooksHarry R. Phillips. Growing and PropagatingWild Flowers. With Contributions by Rob Gard-ner and Charlotte A. Jones-Roe in Collaborationwith the Staff of the North Carolina BotanicalGarden. Edited by C. Ritchie Bell and Ken Moore.Illustrations by Dorothy S. Wilbur. Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press, 1985. 331 pp.$24.75 cloth (ISBN 0-8078-1648-5), $14.95 paper(ISBN 0-8078-4131-5).Harry Phillips and his colleagues at the NorthCarolina Botanical Garden put ten years of workinto Growing and Propagating Wild Flowers, andit shows. The product of those ten years ofexperimentation is 331 pages of instruction andencouragement for those who want to grow suc-cessfully the native plants of the eastern UnitedStates.According to the author's introduction, thebook was designed to give the reader a thoroughunderstanding of the fundamentals of wild flowergardening and to provide specific information onthe propagation and cultivation of about onehundred species. Parts 1 and 2 of the book fulfillthe first purpose, with discussions of soil prepara-tion, cultivation, garden planning and mainte-nance, and explanations of seed collection andpropagation techniques. There are also samplegarden designs and a timetable of gardeningactivities for each season.The great part of the book, though, is givenover to detailed instruction for growing"fromseed, by division, or by root or stem cuttings"sev-enty-five wild flowers, about a dozen carnivorousplants, and fifteen native ferns. It is in this sectionthat the North Carolina Botanical GardenTsexperimentation truly benefits the reader, forhere are revealed the peculiarities and particular-ities of each species, many of them important forsuccessful cultivation.The writing is clear and concise. Though thesubject requires scientific terminology, Phillipshas successfully blended the scientific and theliterary. His description of the nodding onion(allium cernuum), for example, is precise andauthoritative, but not dry: oThere is a sharpdownward arch at the top of the scape causingthe inflorescence to nod, prompting the specificepithet cernuum, from the Latin cernuss"~withthe head facing toward the earth.�Dorothy S. WilburTs excellent line drawingsappear throughout the book to illustrate tech-niques and to aid the reader in plant identifica-tion. Her drawings of the ferns are especiallyuseful.Appendixes provide information on plant1985 Fall"183

New North Carolina Booksrescue, calendars of blooming dates, and anextensive bibliography. Appendix 4 is a produc-tion timetable intended for use by commercialgrowers and nurserymen. A glossary and an indexend the book.Wild flowers are abundant in the Southeast"nearly three thousand species of flowering plantsoccur in North Carolina alone. Many are so com-mon that we forget their beauty"Queen AnneTsLace, Black-Eyed Susan, Goldenrod. Others arenot so well known"the crimson Bee-balm, afavorite with the hummingbirds. As Phillips writesin his introduction, these flowers are all around,and we ojust need to take a closer look� to recog-nize their ornamental potential.Becky Kornegay, Western Carolina UniversityEllie M. Andrews. EllieTs Book: The Journal Keptby Ellie M. Andrews from January 1862through May 1865. Transcribed and Annotatedby Ann Campbell MacBryde. Davidson: Briar-patch Press, 1984. 147 pp. $15.00.oTheir zeal and energy will go far to sustainthe South in the forthcoming struggle,� wrote Wil-liam Howard Russell in 1861, oand nowhere is theinfluence of women greater than in America.� Theeminent British journalist was entirely correct.Women were indeed the staunchest Rebels, andtheir contributions were integral to the Confeder-ate war effort. The one Southern woman whoseexperience is depicted in this diary symbolizes allthe wives, mothers, and sisters who devoted theirlives to the Lost Cause, and in many cases wereconsumed by it.Ellie M. Butz, a native of Easton, Pennsyl-vania, married a young Carolinian named ClintonM. Andrews in 1856. The Andrews family, whichsettled in the Piedmont during the Scotch-Irishmigration of the mid-18th century, had extensiveconnections throughout Iredell and Rowan coun-ties. The couple moved to Statesville, whereAndrews operated a small military academy.When the war began, he volunteered in the 2ndNorth Carolina Regiment of Cavalry, which heeventually commanded.Like thousands of other Southern women,Ellie Andrews made the painful adjustment tototal war and detailed the process in her personaljournal. During the first part of the conflict hermorale remained high despite separation, familybereavements, and steadily increasing economichardships. The diary reflects a complete identifi-cation with the Confederate cause, combined184"North Carolina Librarieswith a keen interest in family gatherings, localconditions, and the military events which affectedeveryone. Helping to maintain her spirits, as wellas those of the community around her, were par-ties, charitable affairs, and the seemingly endlessround of social visits that occupied so much of theSouthern matronTs time.Sadly, Mrs. AndrewsT situation worsenedabruptly after her husbandTs death in action inJune 1864. Her home was sold and the estatedivided; she and her nine-year-old son wereforced to board with a friend. For some time shetried, unsuccessfully, to keep school in Statesville,then moved to Raleigh to accept a position as atutor. Her diary for this latter period is intermit-tent, occasionally skipping entire months, anddeeply tinged with sorrow and depression. oGrantunto us Oh Lord, strength and comfort from onhigh,� reads one of the final entries. oTo my pre-cious little boy, my only one, do I bequeath thisbook, that as he grows to riper years, he may readwith a loving tenderness, a small portion of hisMotherTs happiness and his MotherTs grief.� Whenthe fighting ended, Mrs. Andrews and her sonmoved back to Pennsylvania. She died in 1876 atage forty-one, perhaps as much a victim of thewar as her husband.Ann Campbell MacBryde, the authorTs great-granddaughter, has edited this journal with evi-dent affection. Her prologue, epilogue, and explan-atory notes concentrate on disentangling thecomplicated Andrews family background, and onidentifying the numerous individuals mentionedin the text. There is also a detailed index. Librar-ies specializing in local history, Civil War history,or womenTs studies will want to acquire thisvolume.Everard H. Smith, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillSue Ellen Bridgers. Sara Will. New York: Harper& Row Publishers, 1985. 307 pp. $15.95. ISBN0-06-015385-7.Sue Ellen Bridgers is familiar to many readersas the award-winning author of Home BeforeDark, All Together Now, and Notes for AnotherLife. The native North CarolinianTs most recentnovel is Sara Will, a moving and tender story of awoman who confronts and overcomes the fearsthat have insulated her from her feelings andlearns to love.Life holds few surprises and little joy for SaraWill Burney. Over her fifty-odd years Sara Will hasbecome a rigid, solitary woman who cares more

for the dead than for the living and more forthings than for human relationships. Her world isorderly, routine, and controlled with little humancontact. Then one autumn day a mud-cakedtruck arrives at her door, bringing three strangersinto her life and eventually into her heart.Here are Fate Jessop; his unmarried sixteen-year-old niece, Eva; and her baby, Rachel. Trappedby circumstances with no other place to go, theyask to stay with Sara Will temporarily. The unwel-come presence of these visitors in her home posesa threat to Sara WillTs well-ordered and well-pro-tected existence. Gradually, though, her resent-ment and hostility begin to give way as sheresponds to the life they bring with them. Feelingsof love, tenderness, and caring that have laindormant for years slowly awaken in Sara Will,encouraged by the understanding and love of-fered by Fate. 4The characters dominate the novel, makingthe plot seem secondary in importance. Portraitsof the characters emerge through skillfully writ-ten descriptions, dialogue, and reminiscenceswhich provide information about past events andoffer insights into the thoughts and feelings of thecharacters. These are believable, lovable peoplewho grow and change as the story unfolds.ThereTs Fate Jessop whose life has been scarred bythe losses of an arm, a wife, and the career heTddreamed of, but whose humor, devotion, and lovesupport and sustain the people in his life. ThereTsthe irrepressible Swanee Hope, Sara WillTs wid-owed sister, whose spirit, romanticism, and occa-sional foolishness provoke her sister but give hersome balance. And there are the determined butstruggling teenagers, Eva Jessop and her persist-ent suitor, Michael. From this assortment ofloosely connected individuals emerges 4 family ofvaried personalities, occasionally at odds, but lov-ing and dependent on one another. One becomesso fond of these people that itTs difficult to leavethem at the end of the book.Sara Will is set in the present in the smallfictional North Carolina town of Tyler Mills andnearby Sparrow Creek. All of the action takesplace during one year, beginning in the autumnand ending the following spring. The seasons givestructure to the novel and parallel the develop-ment of plot and characters.Sara Will is a warm, wonderful book withbroad appeal. Public, academic, and high schoollibraries will most certainly want to include it intheir collections.Gloria Colvin, Herald-Sun Newspaper LibraryNew North Carolina BooksCatherine W. Bishir and Lawrence S. Earley, eds.Early Twentieth-Century Suburbs in NorthCarolina: Essays on History, Architecture, andPlanning. Raleigh: Archaeology and HistoricPreservation Section, Division of Archives andHistory, North Carolina Department of CulturalResources, 1985. 105 pp. $8.00 paper (plus $1.00first copy and $.25 each additional copy for pos-tage). ISBN 0-86526-229-2.First presented at a 1983 conference, oKarly20th Century Neighborhoods in North Carolina,�the essays included in this volume reflect the con-centration of the conference on white, middle-class neighborhoods in five of the stateTs largestcities: Raleigh, Durham, Greensboro, Winston-Sa-lem, and Charlotte.The collection explores the history and archi-tecture of the neighborhoods, the planning thatled to their establishment, and efforts in recentyears to preserve them.In his overview article on urbanizing theSouth, David Goldfield observes that North Caro-lina, as well as the rest of the nation, experienceda major population shift at the turn of the cen-tury as citizens in greater numbers left the farmto seek employment in industries and businessesthat were booming in urban areas. Though NorthCarolina lacked the large metropolitan hubs thatappeared in many other states, the housing pat-terns that developed here were similar to those inthe rest of the nation as the availability of auto-mobile and streetcar transportation made outly-ing neighborhoods both convenient and attractive.Nothwithstanding the absence in this state ofthe spectacular skyscrapers and grand mansionsthat graced AmericaTs major cities, the less dra-matic, more conservative style of North Carolina'ssuburban dwellings are nonetheless importantbecause their hallmark was simplicity.In her article on landscape and architecture,Margaret Supplee Smith notes that the ColonialRevival and the bungalow were predominantarchitectural styles in a mix of variations onTudor, Spanish and Dutch revivals, the QueenAnne Cottage, and the Amercian Foresquare, all ofwhich were more often planned by local buildingcontractors or adapted from plans ordered fromSears than designed by architects.In separate chapters on each of the cities,these North Carolina historians and city plannersacknowledge that the desire to separate the whitemiddle-class from the black population and oth-ers of lower economic condition was the primarymotivator of the suburban neighborhood move-ment.1985 Fall"185

New North Carolina BooksWe are introduced to some of the leading citydesigners and planners of the day as we read howthe creation of new attractive neighborhoods waspromoted by businessmen who could profit fromlarge real estate transactions while diluting thepolitical strength of the poor who remained in theinner city as the economically more fortunatemoved toward an alluring suburbia of curving,tree-lined streets and parks.Throughout these highly interesting accounts,the text is relieved by a generous collection ofphotographs and maps that document the stu-dies and provide some moments of nostalgicreflection for the reader who may have lived inone of these cities in an earlier time.The work culminates in several short articlesthat are concerned with oPlanning in Today's Cit-ies: Strategies for Protecting and Enhancing EarlyTwentieth Century Suburbs.� Though the protec-tion of these neighborhoods has been too longneglected to preserve them intact, recent yearshave seen a surge of active interest on the part ofcity dwellers in using the legal means at hand toprotect their neighborhoods from encroachmentof high density housing and commercial uses ofsingle family dwellings.The Survey and Planning Branch of the Divi-sion of Archives and History is undertaking sim-ilar surveys of the major cities in the state andsome of the smaller cities as well. We can lookforward to the publication of these studies andhope that yet another series of surveys will con-centrate on some of the less affluent neighbor-hoods, for they, too, are an important part of ourhistory.This attractive, very readable volume isrecommended reading for any person who has aninterest in early twentieth century North Caro-lina, epecially those who are involved in city plan-ning and historic preservation. Libraries thatcollect North Caroliniana or items on city plan-ning and preservation should consider this title.Rebecca Ballentine, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillHorace W. Raper. William W. Holden: NorthCarolinaTs Political Enigma. Chapel Hill: Uni-versity of North Carolina Press, 1985. 376 pp. Bib-liography, index, illustrations. $29.95. ISBN0-8078-5060-8.William Woods Holden, Reconstruction gov-ernor of North Carolina, has always been the focalpoint of controversy. He remains the stateTs onlychief executive to have been impeached and186"North Carolina Librariesremoved from office. As Horace W. Raper writes,he is the omost reviled and maligned person� inthe stateTs history. Raper, professor of history atTennessee Technological University and editor ofthe forthcoming Holden papers for the NorthCarolina Division of Archives and History, takesas his mission the vindication of this unjustlyslighted man.Holden, born illegitimate in Hillsborough in1818, assumed editorship of the North CarolinaStandard in 1843. With the newspaper as his plat-form Holden became a political power broker andengineered the election of several governors. In1860 Holden broke with the Democrats and, dur-ing the war, headed up a surprisingly strongpeace movement in the state. In 1865 he wasrewarded by being named provisional governor byPresident Andrew Johnson. Though he lost thatyearTs general election to Jonathan Worth he wasreturned to office in 1868. On the whole, the goalshe set for his administration were entirely pro-gressive and commendable. He was unable toachieve them, according to Raper, due to unstablenational government, harassment by his politicalenemies, and his weaknesses as an administrator.HoldenTs greatest test as governor came whenhe organized the militia in 1870 to suppress therampaging Ku Klux Klan in Alamance and Cas-well counties. For his efforts he was impeached byhis Democratic opponents and, by a strictly parti-san vote, removed from office. Holden fled thestate and sought refuge in Washington. In 1873President Grant appointed him RaleighTs post-master, a post he held until 1881. Until his deathin 1892 Holden sought but never received officialvindication and removal of the ban on his holdingstate office. In his last years, though in fact he wasa kindly, concerned, pious man, in the eyes ofmany North Carolinians he was a traitorousmonster.Until now Holden has not had a competent orsympathetic biographer. The study by Edgar E.Folk and Bynum Shaw, published in 1982, con-centrates on HoldenTs private life and his years aseditor of the Standard. Yet their book, begun byFolk over forty years earlier and completed byShaw after FolkTs death, is deficient on severalcounts. For many years J.G. deRoulhac HamiltonTsbroader study, Reconstruction in North Carolina,published in 1914, has been the most consultedsource on HoldenTs years as governor. Hamiltonportrayed Holden as an irresponsible, unscrupu-lous demagogue.Ironically RaperTs study grew out of a disser-tation prepared under Hamilton at Chapel Hill in1951. Thus, like the Folk and Shaw volume, it has

had a long gestation. Certainly a thorough re-evaluation of HoldenTs role in the stateTs Recon-struction years is long overdue. Not surprisingly,the picture painted by Raper is altogether differ-ent from HamiltonTs interpretation. Indeed, onseveral specific points, Raper accuses Hamilton ofmisrepresenting facts in the case leading toHoldenTs impeachment trial.The author works hard at absolving Holdenof any guilt in the railroad corruption rampantduring his administration. Raper further demon-strates that HoldenTs use of the militia in 1870 wasaltogether defensible. Some readers may find thedetail involved in such exercises excessive. On thewhole, however, the narrative is clear andengrossing. Raper leaves the reader convincedthat oin spite of his criticsT accusation and his lostadministrative opportunities, William W. Holdenwas a man of dignity and integrity.�Michael Hill, North Carolina Division of Archives and HistoryClyde Edgerton. Raney, A Novel. Chapel Hill:Algonquin Books, 1985. 227 pp. $12.95. (P.O. Box2225, Chapel Hill 27514). ISBN 0-912697-17-2.oMusic is what brought me and Charlestogether,� explains Raney, the narrator of thiswonderfully funny and believable novel. If anyonehas heretofore questioned the power of music,this statement should remove all doubt. Twomore unlikely marriage partners would be hard tofind.Amore delightful novel would also be hard tofind. Raney, a Free Will Baptist from a small town,and Charles, a Methodist from Atlanta rapidlymoving up to the Episcopal Church, are drawntogether by their interest in bluegrass music.Charles, the assistant librarian at Listre Commun-ity College, has oliberal� ideas about race, sex, reli-gion, and politics but lacks RaneyTs sense of familyand community that nurture and bind peopletogether in small towns. Raney is sensitive to thepeople in her world"her family, old people,members of her church, her neighbors"yet shehas difficulty in going beyond the limitations ofher upbringing and broadening her world toinclude those different from her (blacks, membersof other religions, vegetarians, her husband andhis operverted� ideas about sex).Raney and Charles both grow and change inthe two years covered in this novel (though, mer-cifully, they do not dissolve into that homogene-ous slush often described by the phrase, owe twoare one�). They are without a doubt the centralNew North Carolina Bookscharacters. But those of us who grew up in smallsouthern towns will recognize ourselves andothers in the minor characters and take specialdelight in them. The small talk, the language used,the situations, and the ideas are as true to life asthe events in any small town. Raney is a wonder-ful book to read aloud with someone who appre-ciates this gentle humor.Edgerton, formerly on the faculty at Camp-bell University, is now at St. Andrews College.Raney is his first novel. LetTs hope it is the first ofmany. This is another star in AlgonquinTs rapidlygrowing crown.Recommended for all adult and young-adultfiction collections.Alice R. Cotten, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillCopies of articlesfrom this publicationare now availablefrom the UMI ArticleClearinghouse.Yes! I would like to know more about UMI Article Clear-inghouse. | am interested in electronicordering through the following system(s):C1 DIALOG/Dialorder CITT Dialcom(J OnTyme (OCLC ILL SubsystemJ Other (please specify) """""____C1 am interested in sending my order by mail.(J Please send me your current catalog and user instruc-tions for the system(s) I checked above.Name ets) pa eeefrye ee et Di Sa ESInstitution/Company""__DepartmenAddres:State.(Phone ( )ticleMail to: University Microfilms International300 North Zeeb Road, Box 91 Ann Arhor, MI 481061985 Fall"187

Library Privacy Act Passes LegislatureLegislation which will make library userrecords confidential has passed the North Caro-lina General Assembly. The act, initiated by theIntellectual Freedom Committee of the NorthCarolina Library Association, was ratified by theSenate on Thursday, June 27. RepresentativeGeorge W. Miller, Jr. (D-Durham) introduced thebill in the House. ECU Professor Gene D. Lanier,chairman of the Intellectual Freedom Committee,testified in legislative committees along withother librarians to have the bill approved.North Carolina joins almost thirty otherstates that now have this statute on the books.The law says that a library shall not disclose anylibrary record that identifies a person as havingrequested or obtained specific materials, informa-tion, or services, or as otherwise having used thelibrary except in certain cases. Library recordsmay be disclosed when necessary for the reason-able operation of the library; upon written con-sent of the user; or pursuant to subpoena, courtorder, or where otherwise required by law. Theact becomes effective October 1, 1985. The lawclosely follows recommendations from the Ameri-can Library Association for handling such libraryproblems.a EGENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINASESSION 1985RATIFIED BILLCHAPTER 486HOUSE BILL 724AN ACT RELATING TO CONFIDENTIALITY OF LIBRARY USER RECORDS.The General Assembly of North Carolina enacts:Section 1. This act may be cited as the Library Privacy Act.Section 2. Chapter 125 of the General Statutes is amended by adding a new Article to read:oArticle 3.oLibrary Records.og 125-18. Definitions."As used in this Article, unless the context requires otherwise:(1) ~LibraryT means a library established by the State; a county, city, township, village, school district,or other local unit of government or authority or combination of local units of governments and authori-ties; a community college or university; or any private library open to the public.(2) ~Library recordT means a document, record, or other method of storing information retained by alibrary that identifies a person as having requested or obtained specific information or materials from alibrary. ~Library recordT does not include nonidentifying material that may be retained for the purpose ofstudying or evaluating the circulation of library materials in general.o§ 125-19. Confidentiality of library user records. "(a) Disclosure. A library shall not disclose anylibrary record that identifies a person as having requested or obtained specific materials, information, orservices, or as otherwise having used the library, except as provided for in subsection (b).(b) Exceptions. Library records may be disclosed in the following instances:(1) When necessary for the reasonable operation of the library;(2) Upon written consent of the user; or(3) Pursuant to subpoena, court order, or where otherwise required by law.�Section 3. This act shall become effective October 1, 1985.In the General Assembly read three times and ratified, this the 27th day of June, 1985.Robert B. Jordan IIIPresident of the SenateListon B. RamseySpeaker of the House of RepresentativesLL188"North Carolina Libraries

Remarks by Dr. Gene D. Lanier, Chairman,Intellectual Freedom Committee, North Caro-lina Library Association before Senate Judi-ciary II, July 2, 1985My name is Gene D. Lanier and I representthe over 2000 members of the North CarolinaLibrary Association in the area of intellectualfreedom and the freedom to read. As chairman ofthis committee, we have handled over 150 casesof attempted censorship of library materials inNorth Carolina since 1980.In the last session of the General Assembly Iwas appointed by the Speaker of the House toserve on a Study Commission on Obscenity Laws.I served on this group along with representativesfrom both the House and the Senate, the Depart-ment of Justice, a district attorney, a state ;jjudge,and representatives from the press, television, thetheater owners, and the magazine distributors.We studied the obscenity laws already on thebooks line-by-line over the period of a year. Weheard testimony from experts both from NorthCarolina and from out of state. We discussed, wedebated, and we did research. Based on all of this,we made recommendations to the Legislature fortheir consideration. I am sincerely disappointedthat these recommendations were not consideredin the drafting of House Bill 1171. I hate that allthis hard work was for naught.I agree that some legislation should come outof this session to strengthen our present obscen-ity statutes but I request that the recommenda-tions of our Commission be considered before anynew laws are passed. A number of the sections inHouse Bill 1171 are opposed to our findings in ourdeliberations. We have found as librarians thatone of the main problems, as you might expect,has to do with the definition of obscenity. We feelsome judicial determination of obscenity is neces-sary prior to any prosecution. Libraries follow dueprocess and anyone with complaints about mate-rials in the collection must file a written reconsid-eration form. On these written complaint forms,individuals have used the term oobscene� to de-scribe their objections. As an example, individualsfiled complaints about the oR� volume of WorldBook Encyclopedia due to its section on repro-duction and in Durham they objected to LittleRed Riding Hood because of the wolf eating upgrandmother and the fact that in the originalGrimm, she had wine and cheese in the basket shewas taking to grandmotherTs house. Both of thesewere described by the complainant as being ob-scene. I think you can see how the definitionchanges as you move from one person to another.This is why my organization supports a judicialdetermination based on a statewide standardrather than leaving it up to a local police officialwhen a complaint is filed.We all know that libraries are not the maintarget of this legislation. Most unsavory titlesnever reach the shelves of our libraries due to ourprofessional selection policies and criteria forselection but we have faced a number of problemsfrom potential censors who do not agree with acertain philosophy, theory, or idea found inlibrary materials. Intimidation and the threat ofpadlocking libraries or librarians without a hear-ing sends cold chills up my spine.Therefore, we solicit your support in studyingcarefully House Bill 1171, House Bill 143 whichincorporates many of the recommendations ofthe Legislative Commission, and the thoughts Ihave tried to convey. Maybe a sub-committee withall factions being heard could iron out some of thedifferences.Thank you for your kind attention and goodluck on drafting legislation which will erase thepornography problem in the Tar Heel state.OUR JOBIS TO MAKEYOUR JOBEASIER.All EBSCO systems are designed with onemajor goal in mind: to simplify your serialstransactions. No matter how big your library is,how small, or how specialized, we can providethe professional services you expect.CONTACT EBSCO"LETTS TALK SERVICE.8000 Forbes Place, Suite 204Springfield, VA 22151|34BSL@@) 00) sce-3200SUBSCRIPTION SERVICES (900) 533-1591 (Virginia Only)1985 Fall"189

NCLA MinutesNorth Carolina Library AssociationMinutes of the Executive BoardApril 12, 1985The Executive Board of the North Carolina Library Associa-tion met on April 12, 1985 in the Green Room, Greensboro Build-ing, Greensboro College, Greensboro. Board members presentwere Leland Park, Pauline Myrick, Roberta Williams, EuniceDrum, Shirley McLaughlin, Mary Avery, Judie Davie, Judith Sut-ton, Rebecca Ballentine, Patsy Hansel, Stuart Basefsky, LarryBarr, Karen Perry, Mertys Bell, Robert Bland, Emily Boyce,Robert Burgin, Mary P. Williams, and Benjamin F. Speller, Jr.Also present were Patricia Langelier, Marjorie Lindsey, ArialStephens, William Mott, Mae Tucker, Arabelle Fedora, and H. K.Griggs, Sr.The meeting was called to order by President Leland Park.He recognized William R. Mott, Director of Library Services atGreensboro College, who welcomed everyone to the campus andspoke briefly about arrangements for the Spring Workshop.President Park announced that, due to an increasinglyheavy load of academic and teaching commitments, Robert Bur-gin had resigned as editor of North Carolina Libraries. Aftercommending Mr. Burgin for the highly professional manner inwhich he handled his responsibilities as editor, the Presidentinformed the Board that he had accepted BurginTs resignationwith regret. The President then announced that Associate Edi-tor Patsy Hansel had agreed to accept appointment as editor,pending approval by the Board. Emily Boyce moved that theBoard approve the appointment of Patsy Hansel as editor ofNorth Carolina Libraries. The motion was seconded andpassed unanimously.President Park announced that the Nominating Committeewould mail ballots to all NCLA members on May 1. Deadline forreturning ballots is May 30. The President shared with the Boarda letter from Mr. Warren W. Stumpf of Stone and Edwards In-surance Brokers and Consultants of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.In this letter Mr. Stumpf described the liability insurance pro-gram developed by his company for the directors and officers ofthe Pennsylvania Library Asssociation. He offered to design asimilar plan for NCLA officers and Board members. After somediscussion, it was decided not to pursue Mr. Stumpfs offer, dueto legal issues involved and also due to the fact that a number ofBoard members already have liability coverage provided by theiremployers. President Park also shared copies of letters fromvarious federal and state government officials expressing theirsupport of NCLA and library services in North Carolina.The minutes of the January 25, 1985 Executive Board meet-ing were presented by Roberta Williams, Secretary. One correc-tion was noted on page 4, paragraph 1. For clarification, thesecretary was instructed to rewrite the last two sentences in thisparagraph to read as follows:oDr. Davie observed that a masterTs degree isrequired for state certification, but the salaryschedule for media specialists is the same as forteaching faculty with a bachelorTs degree.�The minutes were then approved as corrected.190"North Carolina LibrariesEunice Drum gave the TreasurerTs report and distributedcopies to all Board members. She stated that she had been askedabout one-year NCLA memberships for individuals planning toretire before the end of a biennium. After some discussion, thequestion of dues for retirees was referred to the Futures Com-mittee for study and recommendations.Arabelle Fedora, Chairman of the Futures Committee,reported that her committee was still assessing priorities andgathering data. She handed out copies of a brief questionnairewhich she planned to distribute to everyone attending theSpring Workshop. She stressed that the Committee needs inputand information from many people in order to accomplish itsgoals. The Committee hopes to be able to present its recommen-dations to the Executive Board by Spring 1986.Reporting for North Carolina Libraries, Robert Burginannounced the appointment of Julie Sanders of the ForsythCounty Public Library as Advertising Manager. The Spring 1985issue on Collection Development should be mailed by mid-April.Future issues include Summer 1985, Library History (guest edi-tor, Maury York); Fall 1985, Library Services to Institutions(guest editor, Jim Myrick); Winter 1985, Conference Issue; andSpring 1986, Two-year and Community College Libraries (guesteditor, Beverly Gass). Burgin also thanked the Board membersfor their support during his tenure as editor.Pauline Myrick, President-Elect, and Arial Stephens, Con-ference Manager, gave an update report on plans for the 1985Biennial Conference. They emphasized the July 1st deadline forprinting the conference program and urged that vitae andglossy prints of all conference speakers be forwarded to theConference Planning Committee as soon as possible. A tentativeschedule of conference meetings and activities was distributedalong with space assignments. It was noted that 44 exhibitorshave already signed up and paid their fees.The report for the Governmental Relations Committee wasgiven by Arial Stephens for Louise Boone, Chair. A delegationheaded by Louise Boone will represent NCLA in Washington,D.C. at Legislative Day on April 16. Two groups of students fromthe North Carolina Central University School of Library Sciencewill accompany the delegates.A report from the Constitution, Codes and HandbookCommittee was given by Mae Tucker, Chair. The Committee hasstudied several problems and proposed changes which havebeen referred to it by the Executive Board. Chairman Tuckerpointed out that the Constitution cannot be amended by mailballot. Proposed changes and amendments may be recom-mended by the Executive Board to the membership, but actionon the proposed amendments must be taken at a business meet-ing following proper prior notification. Benjamin F. Speller, Jr.moved that the Constitution, Codes and Handbook Committeesend its recommendations for changes in the constitution andby-laws to members of the Executive Board for their study andapproval. Board approval may be obtained by mail ballot. Allrecommendations approved by the Board would then be pub-lished in the Summer 1985 issue of North Carolina Librariesand distributed to the membership. Action on the proposedrecommendations would then be taken at a business session of

the North Carolina Library Association during its biennial con-ference in October. This motion was seconded and passed. ThePresident then recognized Emily Boyce, who extended congratu-lations on behalf of the Board to Mae Tucker on her recentretirement. Board members gave Miss Tucker a large round ofapplause in appreciation of her many contributions to NCLAand to the profession of librarianship.Emily Boyce reported on recent news from the AmericanLibrary Association. At the ALA Midwinter meeting in Washing-ton, D.C. on January 5-10, Council approved the report of the adhoc Planning Process Committee. This important document isentitled ALA Strategic Long-Range Planning: An Outline. Ms.Boyce asked the BoardTs recommendations on the minimumsalary questionnaire recently sent out by ALA. After some dis-cussion, it was decided to table this issue.President Park recognized Marge Lindsey, editor of Tar HeelLibraries. He expressed the Board's congratulations and bestwishes on her announced plans for retirement. He praised Mrs.Lindsey for her many professional accomplishments and for herservice to NCLA. Board members accorded Mrs. Lindsey ahearty round of applause for her dedicated support and manycontributions to library service in North Carolina.Karen Perry, Chair, ChildrenTs Services Section, reportedthat the Section has made a profit of $90.00 thus far on the saleof notepads. Plans are being made to reprint the notepads inorder to have them available to sell at the biennial conferenceand other events. The Section plans to have a oNotables Show-case� of books, films and filmstrips chosen from the ALA oNota-bles� list following its Thursday business meeting at the biennialconference. The Section will sponsor a breakfast on Fridaymorning with author David McPhail as guest speaker. Nomineesfor Section officers for the 1985-87 biennium will be listed in theChildrenTs Services SectionTs August newsletter.Robert Bland, Chair, College and University Section,reported that the Section will sponsor a workshop entitled oTheElectronic Network: Sharing the Costs and the Benefits ofLibrary Automation,� on May 30-31 at Whispering Pines CountryClub.Stuart Basefsky, Chair, gave the report for the DocumentsSection. The Section plans to set up a table to display informa-tion about the need for public access to state publications at thePublic Library Trustee Conference to be held May 29-30 at theRadisson Plaza Hotel in Raleigh. A similar display table will bemanned by Section members during the biennial conferenceOctober 2-5. Basefsky introduced Ms. Pat Langelier, Chair ofState Documents Depository System Committee, NCLA Docu-ments Section. She spoke briefly to the Board about the work ofher committee and the need to have NC General Statute 4147-50.1 changed to establish a depository system for state docu-ments. Basefsky and Langelier then distributed copies of thefollowing resolution:WHEREAS, all citizens of North Carolina have a right to infor-mation published by their state government and supported bytheir tax monies; andWHEREAS, this information is not now easily available to citi-zens in all areas of the state; andWHEREAS, the state of North Carolina does not have a statedepository law for distribution of state publications to a net-work of libraries, and is one of the few states in the countrywithout such a law; andWHEREAS, the State and Local Documents Task Force, theGovernment Documents Round Table of the American LibraryAssociation, and the Association of State Library Agencies haveapproved suggested minimum standards for state servicing ofstate documents; andWHEREAS, the state of North Carolina does not meet theapproved minimum standards relating to the distribution ofstate publications; andNCLA MinutesWHEREAS, there is an urgent need for action to correct theinaccessibility to state publications: Now therefore be itRESOLVED, that the North Carolina Library Associationstrongly supports legislation to establish a statewide depositorysystem for North Carolina state publications that will makethese publications available to libraries and citizens throughoutthe state; and be it furtherRESOLVED, that the North Carolina Library Association author-izes the State Documents Depository System Committee of theDocuments Section of the North Carolina Library Association tocontinue preparation of a bill to establish such a depositorylibrary system for North Carolina state publications, to workwith the Governmental Relations Committee of the North Caro-lina Library Association to gain legislative support, and to workto gain support of citizens throughout North Carolina.February 21, 1985Submitted by Pat Langelier, Chair of State Documents Deposi-tory System Committee, NCLA Documents SectionStuart Basefsky moved that the NCLA Executive Board approvethis resolution. The motion was seconded and passed.Mary Avery, Chair, gave the report for the Community andJunior College Section. Susan Janney, Secretary of the Section,will represent the Section at Legislative Day in Washington onApril 16. With input from the Board, she wrote the positionpaper to be distributed in Washington. The Community and Jun-ior College Board will be investigating a possible off-yearsummer workshop. Definite decisions on this will be made afterthe October biennial conference.Vivian Beech, Chair, Junior Members Round Table, wasunable to attend the meeting due to recent surgery. She sent awritten report which was shared with the Board by PresidentPark. JMRT members are still working at becoming a more vis-ible and viable group. Brochures and application forms for theB&T Grassroots Grants and the Young Librarians Award arenow ready for distribution. The JMRT Board will meet May 17 tomake additional plans for the Orientation Program and oNighton the Town� which the Section plans to sponsor during thebiennial conference.The report for NCASL was given by Dr. Judie Davie, Chair.She reported that the Executive Committee of NCASL met onSaturday, February 9 in Greensboro. Action items included: thecontribution of $500.00 to AASL/AECT Standards WritingCommittee; the approval of statements of support for the can-didacy of Marilyn Miller for President-Elect of the AmericanAssociation of School Librarians and for the candidacy of ElsieBrumback for Chair of the Supervisors Section within AASL; theestablishment of $5000.00 for the NCASL Scholarship with theinterest generated to be awarded as a scholarship at the NCASLBiennial Work Conference; the acknowledgement of the $5000.00Appalachian Scholarship with the interest generated to beawarded as a scholarship at the NCLA Biennial Conference.National topics as possible resolutions for the 1985 AASL Affil-iate Assembly were discussed. Judie Davie and Helen Tugwellwill represent NCASL in Washington for ALA Legislative Day.Continued support for ECIA Chapter 2 Block Grants will be thefocus. Former NCASL Chair Dr. Paula Short has been appointedConference Chair for the Fourth National AASL Conference inMinneapolis, 1986. Clara Crabtree, Supervisor in DurhamCounty Schools, has announced her retirement at the end ofthis academic year. She has been an outstanding advocate andexample of professionalism in school librarianship in NorthCarolina and the nation. April 17, 1985 will be the capstone forschool library events in Spring, 1985 as balloons are launched,stories are told, open houses are held, and media fairs are con-ducted in celebration of oA Nation of Readers.�1985 Fall"191

NCLA MinutesJudith Sutton, Chair, gave the report for the Public LibrarySection. The Governmental Relations Committee of this Sectionhas been extremely busy as N.C. legislative support is sought forHB/SB-301 providing an additional $3 million annually in StateAid to public libraries. The Section had six representatives inattendance at the Lobbying Workshop held in Washington, D.C.during ALA Mid-Winter. In cooperation with the North CarolinaPublic Library DirectorsT Association and N.C. Friends of PublicLibraries, the Section is sponsoring General Assembly Day May 2in Raleigh. Judith Sutton and Nancy Massey will be the SectionTsofficial delegates to Legislative Day in Washington, D.C. April 16.The Public Library Section, along with the Trustees Associationof NCLA, the State Library and the Institute of Government, willsponsor the 18th Annual Public Library Trustee-Librarian Con-ference May 29-30 at the Radisson Plaza Hotel in Raleigh. Thetheme of this yearTs conference is oPublic Libraries and theGovernmental Process.� In addition to these activities, the Per-sonnel Committee led by Tina Foti produced two outstandingworkshops with the joint sponsorship of the Cape Fear LibraryAssociation. oHow to Improve Employee Performance: SomeEssentials of Supervision� was held March 15 and 16 in Clem-mons and Fayetteville and featured Dr. Mardy Grothe and Dr.Peter Wylie, nationally known for their work in personal andorganizational development. In addition to the continued publi-cation of the nationally recognized oGrassroots,� The YoungAdult Committee under the leadership of Patrice Ebert pro-duced a workshop March 28 in High Point on oTools for TermPapers.� The Literacy Committee will conduct a workshop,oLearning About Literacy: How to Set Up a Literacy Program inYour Library,� in Kinston and Hickory on May 3 and May 24.Reporting for Reference and Adult Services Section wasLarry Barr, Chair. The Program Committee of this Section isplanning a program concerning reviewing of reference works forthe biennial conference. The editorial board of the proposedquarterly newsletter has selected the title, oThe Reference Desk�and plans to publish the first issue in the early summer. Theworkshop set for May 17 on oMicrocomputers in Reference andAdult Services� is fully enrolled. Principal speakers will be MaryA. Holloway, Media Evaluation Services, State Department ofPublic Instruction; Elizabeth Evans, Department of Psychiatry,School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;Rosann Collins, Business and Information Support Systems,University of North Carolina at Greensboro; and Frada Mozen-ter, Atkins Library, University of North Carolina at Charlotte.Benjamin F. Speller, Jr., Chair, gave the Resources and192"North Carolina LibrariesTechnical Services Section report. An Evaluation Committee forthe Best Article Award has been appointed. For this bienniumTsaward, articles published in North Carolina Libraries since thelast award was made will be considered. Guidelines for paymentof RTSS members participating in RTSS events have been pre-pared by Joline Ezzell and approved by the RTSS ExecutiveBoard. A proposed revision of the RTSS Bylaws relating toappointment of interest group officers has been approved by theExecutive Board; these revisions will be presented for member-ship vote at the SectionTs breakfast/business meeting. Activitiesto be sponsored by RTSS at the biennial conference include:Breakfast/Business meeting on Thursday morning; CatalogingInterest Group panel on oCataloging Problems and Solutions�;Collection Development and Serials Interest Groups program onoRetrospective Buying�; and the RTSS General Program onoAuthority Control"the Philosophy, Where We Are Going, andUpdate on Project at Library of Congress.� Speller also distrib-uted copies of the guidelines and application form for the RTSSgrant to assist in expenses and encourage attendance at NCLABiennial Conferences. Deadline for applications for this yearTsgrant is July 1, 1985.Patsy Hansel, Chair, distributed brochures on the workshop,oUpper Level Management Speaks to Supervisors, or, EverythingWe Wish We Had Known When We Started Out,� to be sponsoredby the Round Table on the Status of Women in LibrarianshipMay 13-14 at the School of Library Science, University of NorthCarolina at Chapel Hill. The Round Table will sponsor a speakerand fashion show for the Thursday morning session of the Bien-nial Conference and is moving forward with plans for a recep-tion Thursday evening at the North Carolina State Museum ofArt.Other reports were given by Mary P. Williams (Roundtableon Ethnic Minority Concerns) and Arial Stephens (Networking).Treasurer Eunice Drum announced that she had officialstationery and envelopes for any Board members who mightneed them. President Leland Park announced that he would behappy to write letters of thanks, appreciation, etc. on behalf ofNCLA if Board members would let him know when such lettersneed to be written. He also encouraged the Board to attend thevarious workshops and committee meetings scheduled for Sat-urday, April 13 and to support these activities with their inputand suggestions.There being no further business, the meeting adjourned.Robert S. Williams, Secretarystand up forlibrariesNORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION

EditorPATSY J. HANSELCumberland County PublicLibraryBox 1720Fayetteville, NC 28302(919) 483-8600Associate EditorFRANCES BRADBURNCentral Regional Education CenterP.O. Box 549Knightdale, NC 27545Associate EditorROSE SIMONDale H. Gramley LibrarySalem CollegeWinston-Salem, NC 27108(919) 721-2649Book Review EditorALICE COTTENWilson LibraryUNC-Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC 27514(919) 962-1172Advertising ManagerJULIE SANDERSForsyth County Public Library660 West 5th StreetWinston-Salem, NC 27101(919) 727-2337Address all correspondence to: Patsy HCumberland County Public Library, P.O.North Carolina Libraries, published four times a year, is the oEDITORIAL STAFFChildrenTs ServicesBONNIE FOWLER237 Arrowleaf DriveLewisville, NC 27023(919) 945-5236College and UniversityCommunity and JuniorCollege LibrariesRICHARD WELLSRandolph Technical CollegeP.O. Box 1009Asheboro, NC 27203(919) 629-1471DocumentsMICHAEL COTTERJ.Y. Joyner LibraryEast Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC 27834(919) 757-6533Junior Members RoundtableJOHN BURNSSiecor Corporation489 Siecor ParkHickory, NC 28603(704) 327-5219N.C. Association of SchoolLibrariansansel, Editor :Box 1720, Fayetteville, NC 28302.lina Library Association. Membership dues include a subscription toship information may be obtained from the treasurer of NCLA.Subscription rates for 1984 are $20.00 per year, orper year, or $7.00 per issue, for foreign subscriptions. Ecopies are available through University Microfilms International.Library Literature and publishes its own annual index.Editorial correspondence shoube addressed to the advertising manager. Articles are juried.North Carolina Libraries is printed by MeridionalPublic LibraryBOB RUSSELLElbert Ivey Memorial Library420 Third Avenue NWHickory, NC 28601(704) 322-2905Reference and Adult ServicesILENE NELSONDuke University LibraryDurham, NC 27706(919) 684-2373Resources and Technical ServicesGENE LEONARDIShepard LibraryNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurham, NC 27707(919) 683-6220Round Table for Ethnic MinorityConcernsSYLVIA SPRINKLE-HAMLINForsyth County Public Library660 West 5th StreetWinston-Salem, NC 27701(919) 727-2176Round Table on the Status ofWomen in LibrarianshipMARY McAFEEForsyth County Public Library660 West 5th StreetWinston-Salem, NC 27101(919) 727-2264Trusteesfficial publication of the North Caro-North Carolina Libraries. Member-$5.00 per issue, for domestic subscriptions; $25.00Backfiles are maintained by the editor. MicrofilmNorth Garolina Libraries is indexed byid be addressed to the editor; advertisement correspondence shouldPublications, Wake Forest, NC.Issue deadlines are February 10, May 10, August 10, and November 10.

PESLZ ON SATITANASASDLAMHLS AYE LTSVA 80ETSYWALLOO 9D WHVHOTWLLODd