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North Carolina LibrariesWe must come out of ourcozy back rooms andwork out front, on the line.Sheila S. Intner, r, 1984

1879 J} 1985BLAC KWELLSOVER ©- | CENTURYLIBRARY SERVICEFOR OVER ONE sone AND SIX YEARS BLACKWELL'S HAS MAINTAINED A_ REPUTATION FOR SERVICE, A REPUTATION FOR COMBINING EXCELLENCE WITHINNOVATION. NOW, IN 1985,BOTH BLACKWELL'S AND BLACKWELL NORTH_ AMERICA CAN OFFER YOU A FULL RANGE OF SOPHISTICATED YET PERSONAL, ~BOOKSELLING SERVICES. e feos teeBH. BLACKWELL BLACKWELL NORTH AMERICAoe BRITISH AND EUROPEAN PERIODICAL SERVICE =="="~"S"S_FIRM AND STANDING ORDERS= MACHINE READABLE PERIODICAL INVOICING/BACK ISSUES "NEW TITLE ANNOUNCEMENT SERVICEaA NG camel BOOKS, SCORES AND RECORDS -RASTALOGUING IN CARD OR COM FORMAT: _ FIRM AND STANDING ORDERS nay bee tayo ee ah aS _ VARIED TECHNICAL SERVICES~NEW TITL ANNOUNOEMENT SERVICE 3BROAD TOXFORD, ~Ox1980ENGLAND. %A; N VATO, CALIFORNIA; KANSAS CITY, ~MISSOURI;: RICHMOND, ~ina vst han ty AUSTRALIA A AINGETAD, ~DENMARK AND pa ites h weet GERMANY

tn carOliNOencesfsArticles170 Acquiring an On-line System for an Academic Library,Raymond A. Frankle, K. Randall May, Wilson M.Stahl, and David J. Zaehringer181 I & R and Public Library Management, Donald Beagle185 Microcomputers in Public Libraries for Public Access:A Survey, Jennifer K. Carpenter191 Ten Observations on Change in Technical Services,Sheila S. Intner195 The Clemmons Branch Library, Jim GovernISSN 0029-2540TABLE OF CONTENTSFeatures162 From the President, Leland M. Park164 Candidates for NCLA Offices198 New North Carolina Books205 Candidates for NCASL Offices207 NCLA Minutes and ReportsCover: Sheila S. Inter, oTen Observations on Change in Technical Advertisers: Blackwell North America, Cover 2; Baker & Taylor,Services,� North Carolina Libraries 42 (Winter 1984): 191- p. 163; Ebsco, p. 184; Phiebig, p. 184; Reprint Company, p. 211;194, Her keynote address at the fall conference of the NCLA Ruzicka, p. 180.Resources and Technical Services Section is reprinted in thisissue.Volume 42, Number 4 Winter 1984

From the PresidentElections: This is written just a few days afterthe fall elections, and the feeling of relief fromhearing othis is a paid political announcement� isa good one. But knowing that there are opaidpolitical announcements� is reassuring, for itmeans that we are all part of a democratic pro-cess which, though imperfect, is the best in theworld. For NCLA this was a first, at least in mymemory, for each of the candidates for the officeof governor wrote to each member of NCLA indi-cating his support for libraries ... and asking forour support. I believe it is a sign that NCLA isocoming of age� and that the hard work of ourmembers in the political arena is paying off. Ourthanks to Mr. Edmisten and Dr. Martin for writingto us. Our best wishes to Governor-elect JamesMartin and Lt. Governor-elect Robert Jordan.NCLA looks forward to working with them duringthe coming years for the betterment of our state,which includes the betterment of library servicesto our citizens in 100 counties.More Elections: This spring you will find aspecial mailing from NCLA, ballots for the electionof officers for the association. The slate of candi-dates is a very fine one, as you will see when youread their names and biographical data in thisissue of the journal. Read the information care-fully, and odonTt forget to vote!�A Balanced Budget: Starting with the SpringWorkshop in April, 1984, the Finance Committeehas struggled with formulating a budget for ourassociation for the next two years. (We operate onJanuary-December budgets.) There have beenmany meetings, phone calls, letters, etc. At theOxford meeting of the Executive Board thebudget for the calendar years 1985 and 1986 was162"North Carolina Librariesstand up forlibrariesNORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATIONadopted unanimously. And itTs a balanced budget!This is thanks to the profits of the last conferenceand to the size of our membership. NCLA hasbudgeted almost $99,000 for this period of time.Elsewhere in this issue you will find the actual lineitems. Indicated there is an active association,investing its money in the membership. Thebudget also is predicated on the tradition ofNCLA members being willing to serve in positionsof responsibility within the association. You haveevery right to be very proud of NCLA. And notincidentally, it is a bargain dollar-wise!SELA in Biloxi: The October conference ofSELA was a fine one in a beautiful section of theGulf Coast. NCLAers were everywhere, and Ishared in the pride of our members when it wasreported that North Carolina has the secondlargest number of members in SELA (of the 1,774members, Georgia has 273, North Carolina has243). NCLAers Dr. Benjamin Speller and DaveFergusson were elected chairmen of SELA sec-tions, Library Education and JMRT. Congratula-tions to them!Once again a year ends. There is hardly timefor reflection, given the schedules we all keep. Ihope, however, that the holidays were ones of joyfor you and yours. My thanks to all 2,000 NCLAersfor your contributions toward making NorthCarolina a state that cares for the welfare ofothers. And I pray with you that the new year willbe one of peace and progress ... everywhere.Happy 1985!Next Executive Board Meeting: January 25,1985, Forsyth County Public Library, Winston-Sa-lem, NCLeland M. Park, President

DO YOU KNOW WHEREYOUR LEASE BOOKS ARE?With Baker & Taylors Book Leasing System, youalways know the exact status of your leased col-lection. Our unique monthly inventory and quotausage management reports tell you which booksyou have in inventory"title-by-tifle. They also letyou know how many books may be ordered,You'll always know where your high-demand titlesare coming from, and where they are, when youlease them from Baker & Taylor.For details, contact the Sales Department of theAivision nearest you.EASTERN , 50 Kirby Avenue, Somerville, NJ 08876, (201) 722-8000MIDWESTERN , 504 S. Gladiolus Street, Momence, IL 60954, (815) 472-2444SOUTHERN , Mt. Olive Road, Commerce, GA 30599, (404) 335-5000WESTERN , 380 Edison Way, Reno, NV 89564, (702) 786-6700EXPERIENCE YOU CAN DEPEND "BR AKER & TAYLORa GRACE company1984 Winter"163

Candidates for NCLA OfficesNCLA Nominating Committee ReportCandidates for NCLA Officesfor the 1985-87 BienniumRobert E. Burgin, First Vice-President/President-ElectCurrent PositionLecturer, School of Library and Information Science, NorthCarolina Central UniversityEducationCurrently pursuing Ph.D., Library Science, University of NorthCarolina at Chapel HillM.S.L.S., University of North Carolina at Chapel HillB.A., Duke UniversityProfessional ActivitiesNCLA, North Carolina Libraries, Editor, 1983-NCLA, Local Arrangements Chairman, 1983 ConferenceNCLA, Public Library Section, Statistics Committee, Chairman,1980-82NCLA, Public Library Section, Young Adult Committee, Vice-Chairman, 1977-79ALA, LAMA Statistics Section, Statistics for Public LibrariesCommittees, 1983-85ALA, LAMA, Committee for Statistics for Systems, 1982-83ALA, PLA, Public Library Systems Section, Secretary, 1981-82SELA, Junior Members Round Table, Chairman, 1982-84Microcomputer Users Group for Librarians in North Carolina,Treasurer, 1982-83Microcomputer Users Group for Librarians in North Carolina,Summer Camp Coordinator, 1983, 1984PublicationsoMicros in the Carolinas� (with Duncan Smith), Public Libraries23 (Summer 1984): 61-62.oHard Facts About Overdues� (with Patsy Hansel), LibraryJournal 108 (February 15, 1983): 349-352.oRegional Public Library Statistics: A Checklist,� Public Librar-tes 21 (Winter 1982): 142-143.164"North Carolina LibrariesoRankings of Seventy Selected North Carolina Public Libraries inTwelve Selected Input and Output Statistical Categories,�ERIC ED-226-733 (May 1982).oThe Public Library's Future: From Challenge to Opportunity,�(with Duncan Smith) North Carolina Libraries 39 (Spring1981): 13-21.oNetworking Without Tears� (pamphlet), 1978; reprinted inUnabashed Librarian # 33 (1979): 11-12.Patsy J. Hansel, First Vice-President/President ElectCurrent PositionAssistant Director, Cumberland County Public Library andInformation Center, FayettevilleEducationM.S.L.S., University of North Carolina at Chapel HillM.A., Wake Forest UniversityB.A., University of North Carolina at CharlotteProfessional ActivitiesNCLA, Public Library Section, Secretary, 1981-83NCLA, Public Library Section, Personnel Committee, Vice-Chairman, 1976; Chairman, 1977-79NCLA, Public Library Section, Development Committee, Vice-Chairman, 1980-81, 1983-85NCLA, Reference/Adult Services Section, Founding SteeringCommittee, 1975-77NCLA, Round Table on the Status of Women in Librarianship,Founding Steering Committee, 1980NCLA, Round Table on the Statiis of Women in Librarianship,Vice-Chairman/Chairman-Elect, 1981-83NCLA, Round Table on the Status of Women in Librarianship,Chairman, 1983-85NCLA, Round Table on the Status of Women in Librarianship,Founding Editor of MsManagement, the round tableTs news-letterNCLA, North Carolina Libraries, Public Library Editor, 1977-80NCLA, North Carolina Libraries, Associate Editor, 1983-North Carolina Public Library Directors Association, Secretary,1980-81

Cape Fear Library Association, Vice-President/President-Elect,1983-84Cape Fear Library Association, President, 1984-85Curriculum Advisory Committee, School of Library Science, Uni-versity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1980ALAServed on three incarnations of the North Carolina StateLibrary's Networking Committee, 1979-83One of the founders (with Phil Barton) of the Loose Region in1975; editor or co-editor of its newsletter, Down East, sinceits origin in 1976North Carolina Humanities Association, Associate, 1982-PublicationsoThe Administrator's Perspective in Performance Appraisal,�North Carolina Libraries (Spring 1984).Guest editor for oProgramming in Public Libraries,� North Caro-lina Libraries (Summer 1983).oHard Facts about Overdues� (with Robert Burgin), LibraryJournal 108 (February 15, 1983): 349-352.oReference Administration in the County Library,� in ReferenceServices Administration and Management, edited by BillKatz and Ruth A. Fraley (New York; The Haworth Press,1982).oReplacement Charges for Overdue Materials,� North CarolinaLibraries (Summer 1982).oNorth Carolina Humanities Committee Funding for LibraryProgramming in North Carolina,� North Carolina LibrariesFall 1980).oOne AdministratorTs Views on ChildrenTs Services,� North Caro-lina Libraries (Summer 1980).oPublic Library Information and Referral in North Carolina,oNorth Carolina Libraries (Fall 1979).oDial-a-Story Has Storybook Success,� North Carolina LibraryReporter (Fall 1976).a emer SRR SR Re CRRA LAR A TN RAIL EE OI PORTIS FI ATE SIT AEdith B. Briles, Second Vice-PresidentCurrent PositionDirector of Instructional Media, Randolph County Board ofEducationEducationM.Ed., University of North Carolina at GreensboroA.B., Greensboro CollegeAdditional graduate work at the University of North Carolina atChapel HillProfessional ActivitiesNCLA, Education in Librarianship CommitteeNCLA, NCASL, School Library Media Day (Plans for 1984 SLMDay won the Grolier National Library Week Award)NCLA, NCASL, Planning Committee for lst NCASL Pre-Confer-ence for System-Level Media Personnel, Library Education~Personnel SDPI Personnel, and NCASL Executive BoardALAAssociation for Supervision and Curriculum DevelopmentNorth Carolina Association of School AdministratorsSupervisorsT Commission, Steering Committee, 1980-81SupervisorsT Commission, Steering Committee, Secretary, 1982-83Delta Kappa Gamma, Alpha Upsilon Chapter, SecretaryDelta Kappa Gamma, Alpha Upsilon Chapter, Research Com-mittee ChairmanUNC-G Library Science/Educational Technology Alumni Associ-ation, Executive BoardUNC-G Department of Library Science/Educational Technology,Advisory CommitteeAwards and AccomplishmentsTeacher of the Year, Asheboro City SchoolsAuthor and Developer of Project ZOO, an ESEA Title IV-C inno-vative project. Now approved for dissemination nationallyby the Joint Dissemination Review Panel.Rose A. Simon, Second Vice-PresidentCurrent PositionDirector of Libraries, Salem Academy and College, Winston-SalemEducationPh.D., University of RochesterM.S.LS., University of North Carolina at Chapel HillM.A., University of VirginiaB.A., University of RochesterProfessional ActivitiesNCLA, North Carolina Libraries, Associate EditorSOLINET Board of DirectorsForsyth County Library Association, Vice-President/President-ElectBeta Phi MuPublications*The Faculty/Librarian Partnership,� in Increasing the Role ofAcademic Libraries, edited by Thomas Kirk.I TR RT ON TIN BR A OT ERE TT EEN 5 EN SEMA ER IEDorothy Wilson Campbell, SecretaryCurrent PositionAssistant Professor of Library Science, North Carolina CentralUniversityEducationM.S.L.S., Catholic University of AmericaBS.L.S., Catholic University of AmericaB.A., North Carolina College, Durham1984 Winter"165

Professional ActivitiesNCLA, Education for Librarianship Committee, 1976-78ALA, Association of Colleges and Research Libraries, PoliticalScience and Law Section, Nominating Committee, 1979-80ALA, Association of Colleges and Research Libraries, Afro-Ameri-can Family History Project Committee, 1980-81Association of Library and Information Science Education,NCCU Liaison RepresentativeNorth Carolina Central University, School of Library Science,Alumni AssociationPublicationsoA Checklist of North Carolina Imprints from 1866 through 1876with an Historical Introduction to the Period,� Library ofCongress American Imprint Series.(A bibliography on black genealogy) Public Libraries (Spring1980).(Paper on African American curators) in The Black Librarianin the Southeast, edited by Annette L. Phinazee, 1980.Index to Black American Writers in Collective Biographies,Libraries Unlimited, 1983. Chosen by the ALA Referenceand Adult Services Division as one of the outstanding refer-ence books of 1983.Awards and AccomplishmentsDistinguished alumna, North Carolina Central University, 1975Shirley Parrott Wilkins, SecretaryCurrent PositionDirector, Duke Library, Johnson C. Smith UniversityEducationM.S.LS., Atlanta UniversityB.S., South Carolina State CollegeProfessional ActivitiesNCLAALAMetrolina Library AssociationNancy Clark Fogarty, TreasurerCurrent PositionHead Reference Librarian, Walter Clinton Jackson Library, Uni-versity of North Carolina at GreensboroEducationM.S.L.S., University of North Carolina at Chapel HillM.A., University of North Carolina at GreensboroB.A., University of North Carolina at GreensboroProfessional ActivitiesNCLA, Constitution and Codes Committee, 1973-74NCLA, Second Vice-President and Chairman of MembershipCommittee, 1973-75166"North Carolina LibrariesNCLA, Chairman, Reference and Adult Services Section, 1981-83NCLA, Executive Board, 1981-83ALASELABeta Phi Mu, Secretary/Treasurer, 1971-73Beta Phi Mu, Vice-President/President-Elect, 1983-85Alumni Association of the School of Library Science, Universityof North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Vice-President, 1975-76Alumni Association of the School of Library Science, Universityof North Carolina at Chapel Hill, President, 1976-77North Carolina On-line Users GroupMicrocomputer Users Group for Librarians in North CarolinaGuilford Reference Librarians Round TableThomas L. Moore, TreasurerCurrent PositionDirector, Wake County Public LibrariesEducationM.A.LS., Rosary College, River Forest, IllinoisTwo years post-graduate work, Kenrick Seminary, St. Louis, Mis-souriB.A., Cardinal Glennon College, St. Louis, MissouriProfessional ActivitiesNCLAALANorth Carolina Public Library Directors AssociationLincoln Trails Librarians Association, Vice-President/President-Elect, President, 1976-78Illinois Library Association, Public Library Section, Vice-Presi-dent/President-Elect, President, 1978-80Illinois Library Association, Legislative Development Committee,1977-80Illinois Library Association, Executive Board, 1979-80William J. Kirwan, DirectorCurrent PositionUniversity Librarian, Western Carolina UniversityEducationM.S.LS., Drexel Institute of TechnologyB.A.,, St. Bonaventure UniversityProfessional ActivitiesNCLA, Exhibits Chairman, 1983 Biennial Conference

NCLA, Organized statewide conference on oPublic Relations inthe Academic Library,� held at Winston-Salem, April 1981NCLA, College and University Section, Executive Board, Direc-tor, 1979-80NCLA, College and University Section, Program Committee,Chairman, 1979-81Benjamin F. Speller, Jr., DirectorCurrent PositionActing Dean, School of Library and Information Science, NorthCarolina Central UniversityEducationPh.D., Library Science, Indiana UniversityM.AT., Indiana UniversityAB., North Carolina Central UniversityProfessional ActivitiesNCLA, Resources and Technical Services Section, Director, 1967-69NCLA, Library Resources Committee, Chair, 1969-71NCLA, Goals and Objectives Committee, 1976-83NCLA, Resources and Technical Services Section, Vice-Chair,1981-83NCLA, Resources and Technical Services Section, Chair, 1983-85ALA, Membership Committee and Membership Chair for RegionVI (Southeast)SELA, Library Education Section, Chair-ElectDurham County Library Association, President, 1977-78, 1982-83Association for Library and Information Science Education,1975-National Education Association, 1973-North Carolina Association of Educators, Inc., 1973-North Carolina Association for Institutional Research, 1975-North Carolina Central University Alumni AssociationNorth Carolina Central University School of Library ScienceAlumni Association, President, 1975-77Indiana University Alumni AssociationBeta Phi Mu, 1972-North Carolina Public Librarian Certification Commission, 1983-University of North Carolina Advisory Committee on Instruc-tional Computing, 1983PublicationsoAn Index to Obituary Sketches in the Journal of Negro History,1926-1958� (with Michael OTQuinlivan), Journal of NegroHistory 57 (October 1972): 447-454.Editor, oZero-Based Budgeting for Libraries and InformationCenters: Proceedings of the Workshop,� Library Acquisi-tions: Practices and Theory 2 (1978).Editor, Zero-Based Budgeting for Libraries and InformationCenters: A Continuing Education Manual. Fayetteville,Ark: Hi Willow Research and Publishing, 1979.oProfile of Pioneers: Selected North Carolina Black Librarians�(with James R. Jarrell) in The Black Librarian in the South-east, ed. by Annette Phinazee. Durham: NCCU AlumniAssociation, 1982.oPurchasing for Libraries and Information Centers"Bids andContracts,� Library Acquisitions: Practice and Theory 5(1981); 31-37.oTechnical Services Management Problems in Small and Medi-um-Sized Academic Libraries in North Carolina,� NorthCarolina Libraries 40 (Spring 1982): 20-24.oMicrocomputer-Based Search/Save System for the LockheedInformation System (DIALOG)� (with George F. Bowie, III),Information Processing and Management 18 (1982): 161-162.Guest Editor (with Robert Burgin), oMicrocomputing in NorthCarolina Libraries: A Special Section,� North CarolinaLibraries 40 (Fall/Winter 1982): 189-232.Desegregation and the White Presence on the Black Campus(with Charles Brown), ID/IRG monograph 80-1. Durham:Institute on Desegregation, NCCU, 1980.oPlanning for Technology: Manager's Resources Review,� PublicLibraries 22 (Summer 1983): 59-60.oNational Issues Forum: A Potential Strategy for Public LibraryOutreach� (with Joseph C. Andrews), Public Libraries 23(Summer 1984): 39-40.Awards and AccomplishmentsNorth Carolina State Library Science Scholarship, 1964Distinguished Service Award from Elizabeth City State Univer-sity, 1971Governor's Public Service Certificate for Volunteer and Com-munity Service Work in Northeastern North Carolina, 1976PresidentTs Distinguished Service Award from NCCU School ofLibrary Science Alumni Association, 1982Arial A. Stephens, DirectorCurrent PositionDirector, Richard H. Thornton Library (Granville County PublicLibrary), OxfordEducationM.S.LS., University of North Carolina at Chapel HillB.A., University of North Carolina at Chapel HillProfessional ActivitiesNCLA, Junior Members Round Table, ChairNCLA, Public Library Section, ChairNCLA, Automation Committee, ChairNCLA, Governmental Relations Committee, ChairNCLA, National Library Week Committee, ChairNCLA, Conference Committee, ChairNCLA, Finance CommitteeNCLA, Organization CommitteeNCLA, Networking CommitteeALA, 1962-SELA, TreasurerSELA, Public Library Section, ChairMecklenburg Library Association, PresidentNorth Carolina Public Library Directors Association, President,SOLINET BoardLSCA Advisory Commission1984 Winter"167

North Carolina Public Library Certification CommissionSteering Committee for the Governor's Conference on LibrariesNetworking Advisory CommitteePublicationsoThe Light at the End of the Wand,� North Carolina Libraries 40(Summer 1982):113-120.Clarence Toomer, DirectorCurrent PositionDirector, Library/Learning Resources Center, Shaw UniversityEducationEd. D. (in progress), North Carolina State UniversityM.L.S., North Carolina Central UniversityB.A., Livingston CollegeProfessional ActivitiesNCLA, College and University Library Section, Executive Board,1983-NCLA, Futures Committee, 1983-NCLA, Archives Committee, 1981-83NCLA, Intellectual Freedom Committee, 1979-81ALASELACapital Area Library Association, Program Committee, 1981-82Metrolina Library Association, Secretary, 1979-80North Carolina On-line Users Group, 1979-80North Carolina Central University, School of Library ScienceAlumni Association, Treasurer, 1979-81PublicationsoBibliographic Education in the Historically Black Colleges andUniversities in North Carolina; Implications for the 1980s,�to appear in North Carolina Libraries (Spring 1985).Awards and AccomplishmentsSelected as one of the Outstanding Men of America, UnitedStates Jaycees, 1980a nS nN A ANFred W. Roper, ALA RepresentativeCurrent PositionAssociate Professor and Associate Dean, School of LibraryScience, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillEducationPh.D., Library Science, Indiana UniversityM.S.LS., University of North Carolina at Chapel HillA.B., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill168"North Carolina LibrariesProfessional ActivitiesNCLA, 1971-Association for Library and Information Science Education, Sta-tistics CommitteeMedical Library Association, Certification Examination ReviewCommittee, ChairMedical Library Association, Publications PanelMedical Library Association, Ad Hoc Committee on ProfessionalDevelopment, ChairSpecial Libraries Association, Seventy-fifth Anniversary Confer-ence Program CommitteeSpecial Libraries Association, Nominating CommitteeSpecial Libraries Association, Board of Directors, 1978-80Special Libraries Association, Chairman, Chapter Cabinet, 1979-80Special Libraries Association, North Carolina Chapter, Vice-President/President-Elect, 1975-76Special Libraries Association, North Carolina Chapter, Presi-dent, 1976-77Beta Phi MuPublicationsIntroduction to Reference Sources in the Health Sciences (with J.A. Boorkman). Chicago: Medical Library Association, 1980.oIncome and Expenditures,� in Library and InformationScience Education Statistical Report, 1983. State College,PA: ALISE, 1983.oLibrary School Education for Medical Librarianship,� Bulletinof the Medical Library Association 67 (October 1979):359-364oThe Integrated Core Curriculum: The University of North Caro-lina Experience,� Journal of Education for Librarianship19 (Fall 1978): 159-167.oThe Relationship Between Graduate Education and ContinuingEducation in Health Science Librarianship� (with Jo AnnBell), in Proceedings of the Allerton Invitational Conferenceon Education for Health Sciences Librarianship. Chicago:MLA, 1979.Kieth C. Wright, ALA RepresentativeCurrent PositionProfessor and Chair, Department of Library Science and Educa-tional Technology, University of North Carolina at Greens-boroEducationD.L.S., Columbia UniversityMS.L.S., Columbia UniversityProfessional ActivitiesNCLA, Education Committee, Chair, 1984-ALA, ASCLA, Library Service to the Deaf Section, ChairALA, LAMA, Building and Equipment CommitteeMaryland Advisory Council on Libraries, 1977-80PublicationsLibrary and Information Services for Handicapped Individu-als. 2d edition (1983).Journal articles on related topics and library education

Join NCLAWhat is NCLA?® the only statewide organization interested inthe total library picture in North Carolina,whose purpose is to promote libraries andlibrary service in the state@ an affiliate of the American Library Associationand the Southeastern Library Association, withvoting representation on each councilWhat are the benefits of membership?© provides opportunities for interaction amongthose interested in good library service® entitles you to receive North Carolina Librar-ies, a quarterly journal, winner of the presti-gious H. W. Wilson Award in 1981®@ gives you the opportunity to develop leadershipskills® enables you to attend workshops, continuingeducation programs, and conferences at re-duced rates© keeps you informed on library developments inthe state through an information network andpublications® gives you individual voting rights in the asso-ciation© encourages support staff and paraprofessionalsto join at reduced rates® entitles you to membership in one of the sec-tions or roundtables of the associationTo enroll as a member of the association or torenew your membership, check the appropriatetype of membership and the sections or roundta-bles which you wish to join. NCLA membershipentitles you to,membership in one of the sectionsor roundtables shown below at no extra cost. Foreach additional section, add $4.00 to your regulardues.Return the form below along with your checkor money order made payable to North CarolinaLibrary Association. All memberships are for twocalendar years. If you enroll during the last quarter of a year, membership will cover the next twoyears.Sen ae RR SES RRR PE PRESS ESS Ra PSE SR SSE RS STEPPE SE STS, SESE SE SSD SCE ST SE ES I SE A LE OES D6 EESNORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION"" New membership "" Renewal "" Membership no.NameFirst Middle LastPositionBusiness AddressCity or Town State Zip CodeMailing Address (if different from above)CHECK TYPE OF DUES:© SPECIAL-Trustees, paraprofessional and support staff, non-salaries persons,retired librarians, library school students, oFriends of the Library,� and non-NTETADAN Gest ck eae RONAN Seabees Wa hakee VET Ete D ENE Rates © Lele ep ed $15.00O LIBRARIANS"earning up to $12,000 ............ cc cceee ence eee e eee e es0 LIBRARIANS"earning $12,000 to $20,000O LIBRARIANS"earning over $20,000 ................ccc cece sees e eeeO CONTRIBUTING"individual, Association, Firm, etc. interested in the work ofNOL AR MIR ANG Sut Rh BACK icc Pek een Aid Fon ve they Mit Mya cele pba an Ab iG Yo $50.00CHECK SECTIONS: One free; $4.00 each additional.O Children's O Trustees O Women's Round TableO College O Public 5 ADocuments OO Ref. & Adult HIEthnic Minorities RTO Jr. College O RTSS (Res.-Tech.)CO NCASL (School) © JMRTAMOUNT ENCLOSED $."BES RN rR AR ER 980° RAR TARA BERL A SE REESE HC OREN A ER el hn SANNA EREDMail to: Eunice Drum. Treasurer, NCLA, Division of State Library, 109 East Jones Street, Raleigh,NC 27611.1984 Winter"169

Acquiring an On-Line Systemfor an Academic LibraryRaymond A. Frankle, K. Randall May, Wilson M. Stahl, and David J. ZaehringerBackgroundThis article describes the process followed bythe J. Murrey Atkins Library in acquiring an inte-grated library system. The J. Murrey AtkinsLibrary is a medium-sized university library servingthe University of North Carolina at Charlotte, oneof sixteen campuses of the University of NorthCarolina system.Atkins Library has a long tradition of usingautomation to enhance services. It has been amember of SOLINET/OCLC since 1976 and hashad an automated batch process acquisitions sys-tem for an equal number of years. It has also usedautomated techniques to list its periodical andserials holdings.The libraryTs administration and faculty real-ized that, unless we took prompt action, we wouldhave to invest heavily in additional card catalogsand human resources to house and maintain anever-increasing, complex manual file to access thelibrary's collections. This prospect, coupled withour manual circulation systemTs inability to pro-vide effective control of our circulation process,led us to take a serious look at automation.Even more compelling was the potential of anautomated system for increased service to facultyand students at the university. UNCCTs collectionsare housed in a ten-story tower, and the processof obtaining a location number, going to one of thestack floors only to find the item not on the shelf,and only then finding that it has been checkedout, is a frustrating one for many readers. Wehoped to find a system that would advise thereader that an item was checked out at the sametime it provided the location number. We alsoanticipated that an automated catalog would giveour patrons greater collection access by providinga powerful data base management system thatwould allow searches not possible in a manualsystem.Raymond A. Frankle is Director of the J. Murrey AtkinsLibrary of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. K.Randall May, Wilson M. Stahl, and David J. Zaehringer aremembers of the LibraryTs staff.170"North Carolina LibrariesIn 1982, the newly appointed director of thelibrary, after reviewing goals with the library staff,established a number of committees to investigatespecific areas needing closer scrutiny and plan-ning. One of these was the relationship betweenretrospective conversion of library holdings andthe improvement of services, productivity, andmanagement. Included in the investigation wasthe idea of acquiring or developing an on-line sys-tem for circulation control and access to libraryholdings.To perform the investigation, a committeewas formed by the director in March 1982. Thecommittee was requested to odevelop specifica-tions for an on-line circulation system; to detailwhat would be required to create an on-linecatalog; and to investigate whether or not itwould be feasible to utilize an on-line circulationsystem as an on-line catalog.� Eight parameterswere given:® Commercial and noncommercial on-linecirculation and on-line catalog systems should beinvestigated.© Systems must be compatible with the Uni-versityTs I1.D. system, and student, faculty, andstaff data bases.® The system must be compatible with exist-ing machine readable records.© The system must have on-line access to allfiles.@ The system must be capable of beingshared, if problems involved with sharing can beresolved.® The operating system should involve min-imal staff support outside the library.® Local programming should be consideredonly if other options are not feasible.® Needs and methods of data entry must beaddressed, in particular as they apply to circula-tion control and retrospective conversion.In addition, the director required that thecommittee read about on-line systems and ar-range demonstrations by major vendors of libraryon-line systems.

Prior to appointing the committee, the direc-tor asked for volunteers for the project. He askedindividuals volunteering for committee service todescribe their qualifications for the group relativeto their past experience, current responsibilities,and personal interest. As a result, he chose agroup of five individuals to serve as the On-lineCirculation and Catalog Committee. The commit-tee consisted of two from cataloging, one eachfrom circulation, systems, and reference. Fourwere members of the library faculty; the fifth wasour systems analyst; and a representative fromthe universitys computer center was also in-cluded on the committee.From the beginning, the committee realizedthat it would have to proceed in a back-and-forthfashion"study the literature, then explore anexisting system. The preliminary search of theliterature provided the committee with back-ground for the initial encounter with a system.This experience required the committee to ex-pand its expertise prior to examining the nextsystem. The evolution of expertise might begauged from the fact that the committee firstdeveloped a four-page document entitled oThingsThe committee established alist of functions the ideal sys-tem should have. It rapidlybecame apparent that no suchsystem existed.We Need To Know.� After myriad additions, revi-sions, and changes, the end result was a seventy-page document of specifications that was sent tobidders in January 1983. Throughout the processthe committee found other libraries willing toshare their experience and specifications.The committee visited four operational sys-tems within a 150-mile radius of Charlotte. Indi-vidual members ventured farther afield to LongIsland, New York City, Ohio, Georgia, and Iowa. Inaddition, several vendors sent representatives todemonstrate their products to the committee.Originally the committee established a list offunctions the ideal system should have. It rapidlybecame obvious that no such system existed.Therefore, expectations were adjusted to takeinto consideration availability of functions underdevelopment. When writing the specifications,this was addressed by allowing the vendor torespond, oWill attempt to develop,� as a categoryunder many of the ideal system functions.During its deliberations, the committee at-tempted to keep the rest of the staff abreast of itsprogress. But without the staffs actually encoun-tering this spectrum of functions that were notfully developed by all vendors, it proved almostimpossible for them to comprehend the difficultythe committee was having in comparing systems,all of which had components in various stages ofdevelopment"what some referred to as obuyingpromises.� This lack of comprehension bred a dis-trust of the system that, surprisingly, the subse-quent availability of additional components onlyserved to fuel. Still more recent experience withthe system during the time it was being installedand brought into operation has largely dispelledthis distrust, but it was a pitfall we would ratherhave avoided.We found the process of developing specifica-tions for an on-line catalog to be more complexthan for an on-line circulation system, becauseon-line circulation systems are more common.The committee had hoped to view an operationalon-line catalog for each system under considera-tion; however this proved. impossible. There justweren't enough on-line catalogs in operation. Wemade a limited number of trips to view systemsthat the committee understood to be in full opera-tion; however, on arrival, committee membersfound several systems less than fully operational.Yet, some of our most fruitful conversations werewith libraries in the midst of implementing an on-line catalog system.Specifications and CoordinationWe realized that it was of paramount impor-tance to inform and consult with others in ouruniversity while formulating our plans for libraryautomation. Assuming that we could present afinal document to our business office or purchas-ing department to be sent out for purchase or bidwithout some form of review was, we felt, overlyoptimistic. These offices have the legal responsi-bility to make certain that purchasing regulationsare followed. They would have to understandwhat the system would accomplish and know itsbenefits. With that knowledge, they could helpstrengthen the legal components of our bid docu-ment or purchasing contract. Obviously, the indi-vidual to whom the library reports would have tosupport our inquiry both on a philosophical planeas well as a practical one, because institutionalresources might have to be shifted in order for thelibrary to acquire a system.Other groups, such as the libraryTs FacultyAdvisory Committee, were consulted so that they1984 Winter"171

understood what the library hoped to accomplishand why. They then served to help others under-stand the service benefits that would accruethrough automation.Early in the process the director of thelibrary, working with the committee, prepared acost analysis of the system, to clarify what bene-fits were expected for the dollars expended. Thisanalysis served the library in good stead whendocumentation was required by others during theselection/acquisition process. It did not show animmediate cost savings but outlined the signifi-cant increase in services that would outweigh thesystemTs cost. The director took care to avoidshowing cost benefits and savings that he knewdid not or would not exist, feeling that such itemswould be counterproductive and do more harmthan good in the final analysis. This cost analysiswill also serve as a measuring device for compar-ing early expectations to actual results. Break-even analysis using cumulating costs indicatedthe lease/purchase arrangement would showtrue cost savings within seven years. This analysisdid not include any new services the library wouldprovide.The director of the computer center and thedirector of the library discussed, prior to the initi-ation of the specifications process, the role thatthe computer center would have in the develop-ment, placement, and operation of an integratedlibrary system and agreed that the center shouldbe involved in the process of developing specifica-tions. Although both were aware that it would bepossible to acquire a system that would operateon the university main computer, a variety ofconsiderations led them to discard that option asunworkable in the UNCC environment. The cen-terTs attitude from the outset was both supportiveand helpful. A member of the computer centerstaff became a member of the committee, provid-ing depth and perspective invaluable to a groupwhich, at the outset, had limited knowledge andexperience with large computer systems.BiddingIn developing our specifications, we felt thatit was of prime importance to provide a thorougharticulation of our library goals and how theserelated to automation as well as an extensivestudy and investigation into our library's opera-tions and systems. Using these as a foundation,we developed thorough specifications translatingthis knowledge into a series of specific systemrequirements and a listing of questions forvendors to answer. We felt that this process was172"North Carolina Librariesessential if we were to receive truly competitiveprice quotations. It also provided a formal mech-anism for distinguishing the differences betweenthe many commercially available systems withvarying operating systems, library software, andhardware configurations.Bidding is a time-consuming process, but itwas required. In retrospect, we feel that the pro-cess was definitely a positive factor in our delib-erations. Making an evaluation without followingsuch a bidding process may save some time inacquiring a system; however, the time savings aremore than outweighed by the benefits of formallyevaluating a bid response that can become alegally binding document. We feel that the biddingprocess enabled us to obtain the most responsivesystem for our needs at the best price.UNCC was required to prepare bid specifica-tions and have them reviewed by both the univer-sity and State Purchasing. In order to understandthe legal requirements that relate to such a bid,the director of the library and a representative ofthe university's business office went to Raleighseveral times throughout the entire process tomeet with individuals who were assigned by StatePurchasing to work in the bid proposal and helpUNCC prepare for the bidding process. The indi-viduals in State Purchasing offered helpful in-sights into the construction of a proposal for theacquisition of the system described in the specifi-cations being developed by the libraryTs commit-tee. They also offered suggestions that clarifiedthe contractual obligations a vendor would beexpected to fulfill and what support would beavailable if these obligations were not met. Finally,their comments and critique helped the commit-tee to better define its system expectations, toarticulate the system requirements, and to de-velop an evaluation scheme. The close workingrelationships between the committee, the univer-sity business office, and State Purchasing facili-tated the entire process.Evaluation and Bid ProcessWe submitted final specifications to StatePurchasing in mid-December 1982. That officereleased bids in late January. Approximately 140vendors were invited to bid; the biddersT confer-ence was held in February 1983 at UNCC. Bidswere formally opened in Raleigh on March 7,1983; nine companies responded.The committee first reviewed proposals regard-ing mandatory specifications. As a result, onevendor failed to survive this stage of the process.We then scrutinized the remaining eight vendorsTproposals using the evaluation scheme developed

earlier. As a result of this process, we recom-mended that Hewlett-Packard, bidding the Virgin-ia Tech Library System, be awarded the contract.The initial cost of the system was about $165,000.ImplementationAs the implementation began, approximately50 per cent of the library's bibliographic recordswere in machine readable form. Because of thestaged availability of various system functions,the time required to complete retrospective con-version, and fiscal constraints on our ability topurchase the system hardware required to utilizeall of the VILS capabilities, we expect the overallimplementation to span three to five years.Space provided for computerinstallation when Atkins Li-brary was built in 1972 provedinadequate to the needs of1983Ts computers.Long before bids were solicited and a finaldecision made on the system to be acquired, webegan to plan for actual installation. The singlemost difficult and long-term decision was theplacement of the future computer within thelibrary. Space provided for computer installationwhen Atkins Library was built in 1972 provedinadequate to the needs of 1983Ts computers.Alternative space had to be located, and libraryfunctions occupying that space had to be relo-cated before we could begin to prepare the spacefor our computer.Based on available data, we initially esti-mated the cost of site preparation at $24,000, andprojected a completion date of June 30, 1983.Because of the differences in vendorsT equipmentrequirements, we could finalize our plans onlyafter the system was selected. The room was notready for equipment installation until almost amonth later than we originally projected, and thefinal cost was 33 per cent higher than we antici-pated. The renovation included wiring for allterminals, special air conditioning and humiditycontrol, new flooring, telephones, security system,and specially conditioned electrical service.As specifications neared completion, thecommittee began to consider the implementationprocess. As early as December 1982, the commit-tee recommended to the director that he appointtask forces to increase staff involvement in sys-tem implementation and to increase overallacceptance of the automated system. In addition,task forces could ensure inter-unit cooperationand participation while utilizing more fully thespecial skills and expertise of staff in variousunits of the library.The committee, working with the director,organized the task forces, appointed the mem-bers, prepared the charges and set deadlines forthe completion of the assignments. The task forcemembers were a cross-section of library em-ployees who were assigned to study or implementparticular portions of the anticipated libraryautomated project. At least one committeemember served on each task force, frequently asthe chair.After an award was made and the task forceswere established, the On-line Circulation andCatalog Committee was dissolved. As task forcesmade their recommendations, an Implementa-tion Group was formed to guide the implementa-tion of the task forcesT recommendations and theoverall system implementation. This group con-sisted of the associate director; the library sys-tems person; and representatives from catalog-ing, circulation, and reference documents. ThisImplementation Group is still very much inoperation.While preparing the site for the physicalplacement of the system hardware, we made anextensive review of the system documentationand a visit to the vendorTs facility, and we pre-pared to load data into the system. During thisprocess, we discovered that VTLS cannot loadcopy-specific information about an item. This dis-covery required significant revision in the way welabeled and linked the collection. Originally, weplanned to have numbers assigned to each copy,volume, etc., as identified in each machine read-able record on the OCLC archive tapes. Barcodelabels were to be generated in shelflist order, elim-inating the need for a linking project in whicheach title is retrieved on-line and connected withits appropriate barcode number. The inability ofVTLS to load copy-specific data necessitated amore labor intensive labeling and linking methodand required changes in the way SOLINET pro-cessed UNCCTs records and in the way the labelsthemselves were produced. This change in type oflabels caused a 33 per cent increase in the cost ofthe labels.The library, Hewlett-Packard, and VirginiaTech mutually agreed that the first phase of theactual system implementation would be theinstallation of the system hardware. This oc-1984 Winter"173

curred approximately ninety days after the bidwas awarded. The hardware included the compu-ter itself, two disk drives, a tape drive, twomodems, a printer, and eight terminals. All theheating and air conditioning, electrical work, anddata cables had to be in place before the vendorwould install the equipment. Hewlett-Packardinstalled the hardware and its operating systemin about two days. A two week hardware oshake-down� period was programmed into the imple-mentation schedule; only after that would library-specific VTLS software be installed.As a result of unforeseen delays, the VTLSsoftware was not installed until six weeks afterthe hardware and operating system were inplace. The actual VILS software installation tookonly a few hours and was combined with theinitial VTLS training session. At this session, VTLSrepresentatives trained one group of staff mem-bers who would be responsible for overall systemoperation and another group that would dealwith data base maintenance. These two groupsincluded staff members from the circulation, sys-Dr. Lester Asheim was awarded an Honorary Life Member-ship at the 1984 ALA conference in Dallas. Asheim is WilliamRand Kenan, Jr., Professor of Library Science, Emeritus, atthe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.174"North Carolina Librariestems, and cataloging units. At these initial train-ing sessions, which lasted approximately twodays, instructors covered such topics as loggingonto the system, tape loading, data backupprocedures, and record editing. The Virginia TechLibrary System comes with extensive documenta-tion, and the system is relatively easy to use, butthe initial training was very important to familiar-ize staff with the basic system operation.Immediately after installation of the VTLSsoftware and the initial training sessions, webegan the loading of the OCLC archive recordsfrom tape. SOLINET extracted UNCCTs recordsfrom its master file, eliminated duplicate recordsfrom the extract file, and converted earlierrecords to AACRII. The tapes produced bySOLINET contained the libraryss OCLC recordsproduced from 1976 through May 1983. Onehundred eight thousand records, or approxi-mately 50 per cent of the collection, were loadedfrom these tapes. SOLINET also generated print-outs of these records in shelflist order.The Virginia Tech Library System loadedthese full MARC records at the rather slow aver-age rate of one per minute. The system requiredthis large amount of time to index every record. Itutilized another six hours per eight thousandrecords loaded (or 0.5 minutes/record) to makebackup copies of the data base. The backups willbe used to re-create the data base in case of sys-tem failure.While this OCLC tape load was taking place,very little else could be done on the system. Staffwere encouraged to experiment with searchingon the system. As records were loaded into thesystem, the catalog maintenance staff checkedfor duplicate titles, possible author and subjectheading conflicts, and duplicate call numbers.After each group of eight thousand records wasloaded, a printout of problem records was gener-ated and given to the catalog maintenance staff.They reviewed these records and made appro-priate changes to the records in the system.Because of the time required for this activity, thecatalog maintenance staff limited the amount ofmaintenance work it performed on the cardcatalog. This decision was made in anticipation ofclosing the card catalog.In the early part of the tape load, a disk drivefailed. The problem was caused by defectivematerials in the drive unit. Because this failureoccurred before the first data base backup run,the entire tape load had to be restarted. Thehardware vendor responded quickly, but the fail-ure added a total of six days to the tape load.While warranties and maintenance contracts

ensured that the vendor would repair the systemcomponents, the loss of data was not covered bythese agreements. The disk failure reinforced thelibraryTs decision to adhere to a frequent backupschedule.While the tape load was in progress, desig-nated library staff worked with the universityTscomputer center to convert student, staff, andfaculty records to the VTLS format. The computercenter supplied these records on tape. The OCLCtape load was interrupted, and the ten thousandpatron records were loaded in about three hours.This patron file was rechecked and reloaded amonth later because there were problems withduplicate records in the university's file we hadused to create our patron file.LabelingConcurrent with the loading of the OCLCrecords, the entire library staff occupied itselfwith labeling items in the collection for whichthere were records on the OCLC tape. The label-ing project also identified problems that wouldhave to be resolved by the cataloging department.These problems consisted of errors in callnumbers and incorrect location indicators. Boththe tape load and the labeling project spanned aperiod of about three months.The barcoding procedures evolved largelyfrom a report submitted to the director by theBarcoding Task Force. This report also includedrecommendations on labeling newly acquiredmaterials. The Task Force decided to label thatpart of the collection already in machine readableform, rather than to follow the oquick and dirtymethod� of labeling items and linking records atthe time of their initial circulation on the auto-mated system. As mentioned earlier, the discov-ery that the Virginia Tech Library System couldnot load item-specific information brought us tothe realization that the linking process wouldhave to be performed manually. The BarcodingTask Force recommended that we use duplicatelabels for those items already in the collection.One copy of the label would be placed on the item;the other, on the list of titles which SOLINET hadproduced in call number order. While the use ofduplicate labels increased their cost, it eliminatedthe need to key in the ten-digit identificationnumber for each record manually, since light penscould be employed for this purpose.The printouts of the titles being loaded intothe system from the SOLINET tapes were sortedfirst by OCLC holding library code and then bycall number. The printout was formatted so therewas sufficient space under each entry to attach abarcode label. Each entry on the printout con-sisted of the OCLC number, the call number, title,and format. Each person on the labeling projectwas instructed to find the book on the shelf usingthe call number on the printout, verify that thetitle of the book and that on the printoutmatched, and then label the book and the entryon the printout with matching barcode labels.The actual labeling procedures were more com-plex because they specified the handling of suchproblems as call numbers or titles not matching,books in a different holding library, books in cir-culation, or books missing. The labeled print-outswere then used for linking the barcode number tothe record in the system.Preparation of instructions for the labelingteams consumed unexpectedly large portions ofthe committeeTs time and resulted in many draftswithout ever fully eliminating the ambiguities inthe instructions. Part of the problem was that theinstructions were lengthy, so that people did notread them thoroughly to begin with and did notconsult the instructions while labeling in thestacks.Dr. Edward G. Holley recently announced that he will stepdown from the deanship of the School of Library Science atthe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.1984 Winter"175

We had initially planned the project for thetwo-week break between the end of the summersession and the beginning of the fall session. Butproblems with the supplier of the barcodes forcedus to delay the project until after the fall sessionhad begun. To compensate for the delay, weoffered staff overtime pay or compensatory timeoff for working nights and weekends, althoughthe major portion of the project was completedduring normal work hours. We set quotas foreach unit based upon the number of staff in thatunit. Each two-person team was expected to label180 books per hour, but the actual average rateachieved was 150 books per hour.The cataloging unit cleaned up the biblio-graphic problems (primarily call number and/ortitle inconsistencies), and the circulation unitsearched a second time for the very significantnumber of volumes not located in the initialsearch. We located a large percentage of the morethan five thousand volumes marked omissing� onthe initial search when they were searched asecond time in February and March 1984. Onethousand one hundred twenty volumes remainunaccounted for.After we had loaded both the patron database and more than 50 per cent of the bibliogra-phic data base, the VTLS staff returned to con-duct more extensive training for another two-dayperiod. These training sessions were broken upinto functional units for those involved in systemoperations, circulation, cataloging, and generalsearching. Of necessity, each group included staffmembers with varying levels of experience withthe system. After the training sessions, weencouraged staff members to work with the sys-tem, since we judged the effectiveness of thetraining would be related more to the amount ofwork staff members did with the system aftertraining than to the amount of experience theyhad before training.Many other planning activities occurredwhile the tape load and labeling were being done.Task forces reviewed the following procedures:how new books were to be entered into the sys-tem and how the data base was to be maintained;how circulation parameters should be deter-mined and their effect on policies; procedures forretrospective conversion of items not in the sys-tem when those items circulated, a processknown as orolling conversion,� and how publicaccess to the system was to be addressed, includ-ing terminal requirements, signs referring patronsfrom the system to the card catalog and viceversa, and preparation of a guide to using thesystem.176"North Carolina LibrariesDuring this period we chose a logo and localname, oAladdin� (Atkins Library Automated DataDistribution Information Network). We decidedthat ten to twelve public access terminals wouldbe required before the card catalog could beclosed.We began the linking project only after theOCLC tape load and labeling project were com-pleted. In this process, the barcodes on the bookswere linked to the records in the system, a pro-cess requisite to circulating materials on-line andto allowing the reader to identify the location ofeach item within the library: general collection,oversize, reference, etc. Before linking, a bookTslocation is given only in the 049 field on the MARCscreen, a screen not ordinarily available to thereader.The disk failure reinforced thelibraryTs decision to adhere toa frequent backup schedule.The linking procedures utilized the labeledprintouts from the labeling project. To link arecord, a staff member first retrieved the recordfrom the system using the OCLC number. The titleand call number of the entry on the printout wascompared with that on the record in the system.If they matched, the number was read into therecord by reading the label on the printout with alight pen attached to the terminal.Four terminals distributed throughout thelibrary were used to link the book label and theappropriate bibliographic record. This projectbegan almost as soon as the initial labeling pro-ject was completed and again included all librarystaff. Each unit had an appointed coordinator forthe project, who was trained to answer the kindsof questions and problems that would arise in thelinking process. These coordinators checked allprint-out sheets as the linking was completed,before the sheets were sent on to cataloging forthe resolution of problems that were discoveredduring the linking process. For all records, exceptthose still in circulation, the linking was com-pleted by the target date, which was threemonths after the completion of the labeling proj-ect. The circulation unit linked the remainingitems in a gradual process, largely finished beforethe library began to use the system for circulationcontrol. Based on the complexity of the bibliogra-phic requirements for multivolume sets, wedecided that it would be both easier and wiser for

the cataloging department to handle the linkingof those items.A short time after the linking project wasbegun, we received and installed a new release ofthe VTLS software. This new release included theauthority control module, which brought us tothe realization that about eight thousand of thelibraryTs authority records would also require aretrospective conversion project. At this point, weare still discussing how extensive our authorityrecords need to be. The capabilities of the systemallow for very extensive records, but we have tobalance this against staff resources and the needto perform other tasks.The terminals assigned for linking wereusually heavily used for that project during thenormal work day. As a result, the library expe-rienced response times greater than ten secondsduring these periods of heavy linking activity. Tothe system, linking is equivalent to cataloging;during these periods, then, the staff ocataloged�(i.e. linked) more than eight thousand recordsper day! The resulting slower response timeslowed the completion of the entire linkingproject.Before direct loading of records began, sys-tem backups, which take six hours, were per-formed during normal work hours, during whichtime the system was unavailable for other activi-ties. Once we began direct loading from OCLC, wecould no longer afford such long periods duringwhich our catalogers could input nothing into thesystem. Direct loading required the OCLC termi-nals to be interfaced with the VTLS. When theperson updated or produced a record on OCLC,the record was simultaneously added to ourVTLS. Because of the nature of the interface, if theVTLS was unavailable, the OCLS terminals werealso unavailable. Therefore, we hired two studentworkers to perform the system backup operationon Sundays before the library opens. The libraryTssystems analyst is available via telephone at homeduring this time in case a problem arises; thus far,this arrangement has worked well.We ran a second and final OCLC tape loadabout three months after the initial tape load wascompleted. The second tape included all OCLCrecords generated from the time the first tapewas produced to the time we began direct loadingof OCLC records. This tape consists of 17,800records and was loaded at night in small seg-ments, so that the loading process would notinterfere with normal library operations. Thesecond tape load necessitated a second labelingand linking project.In addition to adding each record to our database, we have saved each transaction, such asadding or modifying a record, or linking an item,on a log tape. We can combine these log tapeswith the last data base backup tapes to recon-struct our data base in case of a system failure.The OCLC tapes were loaded at times when few orno other transactions were being performed onthe system since, with only one tape drive, loggingtransactions could not be performed while OCLCtapes were being loaded.Circulating MaterialsWe began circulating materials on the systemabout one year after it was installed. At first, weused dual circulation systems: some items circu-lated on-line while others were circulated manu-ally. This provided the circulation staff withoptions while they became familiar with the sys-tem. It also provided the cataloging unit withmore time to prepare for handling the conversionof items circulated but not in the system. The cir-culation staff was trained to generate variousnotices (e.g., overdues, holds, recalls). Our goalwas to train each library unit to be responsible forthe system functions that are directly related toits activities. Thus, we eliminated the need for thelibrary units to be totally dependent on a centraloperations staff for routine operations andreports.Our goal was to train eachlibrary unit to be responsiblefor the system functions thatare directly related to its activ-ities.Our public access plans for the systeminclude both terminals and dial access. Publicaccess terminals were installed in the summer of1984. We rearranged the public catalog in orderto obtain space to accommodate the publicaccess terminals. Patron acceptance of the publicterminals has been quite high.As we added terminals to the system, theinternal memory of the computer had to beincreased to maintain acceptable response times.Within one year after installation, we increasedthe memory from .5 MB (megabytes) to 1.5 MB to2.0 MB. At the beginning of that year, we had ninedevices such as terminals and printers, on thesystem; one year later, there were twenty-ninesuch devices on the system.1984 Winter"177

Dial access will allow patrons with appro-priate equipment to access the system via tele-phone lines. This dial access will operate throughthe university's campus-wide data communica-tions network. An important aspect of dial accessis systems security. Before we can make dialaccess available, we will either have to acquire orwrite in-house programs to eliminate terminal-generated character sequences that would allowthe user to enter the computerTs operatingsystem.Six months after the system implementationbegan, the director appointed a select committeeto review our goal of closing the catalog, arecommendation reviewed and endorsed by thelibraryTs Faculty Advisory Committee. We plan toclose the card catalog within the year.Before the card catalog can be closed, wemust have a backup COM (computer output onmicroform) catalog. Staff have developed thespecifications for a backup COM catalog on fiche,which will not need extensive displays or fre-quent updates. The COM catalog will utilizerecords from the library's system. We hope tohave as many COM catalogs with fiche readers asthere are public access terminals.One of the more immediate ways in whichthe on-line system has had an impact upon thelibrary user is through the circulation of librarymaterials. The Circulation Task Force, charged inpart with examining existing policies and proce-dures regulating the borrowing of library mate-rials, was one of the first to begin operation. Itundertook to rethink existing policies with a viewtoward improving services to users as well asincreasing control and accessibility of materialsfar exceeding what is possible with a manualsystem.The Circulation Task Force surveyed facultyopinions and canvassed other universities forcomparative information on circulation policies.Surprisingly, the task force retained many of ourpolicies. We effected major changes in regulationsgoverning faculty borrowing: we established alimit to the number of times a faculty membermay renew an item; we now allow renewal from alist of items checked out for faculty (the changemost requested by faculty); and we were able tostrengthen the library's means of enforcing recallof library materials by instituting a process madeup of notices, billings, and fines for lack ofresponse. The capabilities of the system madethese changes possible.We have already mentioned that we did, forsome time, operate dual circulation systems:manual and automated. This allowed the circula-178"North Carolina Librariestion staff time to develop techniques for loading,managing, and updating the patron data base.This is a major task and proved a major road-block to a smooth transition at the circulationdesk. During the transition period, we found thatperformance of the circulation routines requiredtwo to three times the normal amount of time.An even more critical factor in the switch-over process is the interface of automated circu-lation with those materials in the collection thatare not in the data base. There are various waysto accomplish the conversion of these materials.We chose a orolling conversion� in which barcodelabels are placed on such materials when theycirculate. Duplicate barcode labels are placed onthe book cards, from which the cataloging unitconverts and links the books. Given the loanperiod, the cataloging staff feel that they can havethe bibliographic records in the system before anyoverdues need to be run.The best way to determine asystemTs capabilities is to seeit in actual operation.The library is beginning to see various effi-ciencies gained from using the system. Theimplementation of an integrated system involvedthe review of virtually every operation in thelibrary. Some streamlining of operations evolvedsimply from the review. Already the acquisitionsstaff can do a significant amount of initial pre-order checking without leaving the acquisitionsarea. As the implementation progresses, thelibrary anticipates eliminating redundancies thata manual system required.System implementation added to the totalwork burden during the transitional phases. Forexample, until cataloging could load recordsdirectly into VTLS from OCLC, the system createdadditional work for the catalogers without elimi-nating any of their other work. The direct loadcapability eliminated most of this additionalwork, and we began to realize some efficiency. Ofcourse, when the card catalog is closed, signifi-cant gains in efficiency will be made. As staffbegan to use the system, their acceptance of thesystem often reduced the time of the transitionalperiod from manual to on-line processes.The implementation process has also height-ened each of the library unitsT awareness of otherunitsT activities. Both through planning discus-sions and through every unitTs access to the

library's central file, everyone has become moreinvolved in what everyone else is doing.We expect the implementation process tolast three to five years. New functions such askeyword searching, serials control, and acquisi-tions with fund accounting may be added to thesystem during this period. The system offersmany possibilities for handling collections thatcould not be fully integrated into the library'srecord systems before they were automated.Documents and audiovisual materials collectionsare still controlled by separately maintainedmanual records, but we plan to bring these intothe on-line system. The system also providesopportunities for a more sophisticated collectiondevelopment effort. We will be analyzing and dis-cussing these possibilities throughout the imple-mentation process, reviewing them as each newfunction or collection is added to the system. Theintegrated library system will, in fact, integratethe library.SummaryThe staff of the J. Murrey Atkins Library havelearned many things from this systemTs acquisi-tion and implementation process that may be ofhelp to other libraries about to embark on thesame type of undertaking.® Maintenance of ongoing communicationswith the entire library staff throughout the sys-tem acquisition and implementation process isessential to the success of the process. Low pres-sure, gradual involvement of many library staffmembers in task force activities, training, andgeneral discussions allow people to become famil-iar with the system in a non-threatening way.@ The best way to determine a systemTscapabilities is to see it in actual operation in alibrary.® The best way to ascertain that a systemTscapabilities will suit your needs is by taking refer-ence questions, searches, and other transactionsfrom your own library and trying them on thesystem being examined.@ Pay particular attention to the sequenceand type of screen displays the user must workthrough when doing bibliographic searches onthe system. An on-line catalog is different from amanual one in many aspects. The systemTs han-dling of bibliographic searching may require bothchanges in cataloging operations and in the user'sapproach to a search. Small details, such as theoccurrence of the system vendor's name on thescreen, can result in confusion for the user.® Contact other libraries that have beenthrough the system acquisition and implementa-tion process. They are the most valuable sourcesof information on the subject. However, be sure todo background preparation by reading the litera-ture and establishing your own goals for a systemfirst.@ Realize that the cost for an automated sys-tem includes much more than the cost of thehardware and software. Other costs includespace renovation, supplies, processing of thelibrary's existing machine readable data, dataconversion, and necessary system upgrades. Ahidden cost, not often considered, is that of theextensive staff time required for acquiring andimplementing a system.Be prepared to be unsettledduring the system implemen-tation.® Despite your best efforts to word specifi-tions so as to elicit unambiguous responses fromthe vendors, be prepared for misinterpretationsto occur. Again, the best way to evaluate a sys-temTs capabilities is to work with the system.© Be prepared to be unsettled during thesystem implementation. Because of the complex-ity of library operations and of the systems them-selves, it is virtually impossible to have all theanswers ahead of time. Unexpected problemsand the need for unexpected decisions will arise.As more systems are installed and operatefor longer periods of time and as the literature "particularly the literature relating to on-linecatalog systems " becomes more plentiful, theproblem of selecting a system will become lessadventuresome, though probably even morecomplex. While involved with the selection pro-cess, the group given the responsibility for select-ing the system must also communicate its proce-dures to staff not involved in the selectionprocess. Keeping such lines of communicationopen is important not only because it will affectthe whole staff attitude toward the system as it isbrought into operation, but because staff input tothe selection committee will point up areas ofconcern and importance that will ultimatelybecome primary concerns of the entire group ofusers of the system.The installation of an on-line system is amajor undertaking for any library and one that1984 Winter"179

can be both satisfying and frustrating. This article Matthews, Joseph R. Public Access to Online Catalogs: A Plan-could only highlight briefly some of these expe- ning Guide for Managers. Weston, Connecticut: Online, Inc.,~ é 1982.riences from the perspective of one North Caro- Mitre Corporation: METREK Division. Machine Readable Identi-lina academic library. Any one aspect could be fication Systems for Library Materials. Prepared for Thedescribed in significantly greater detail. The Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications,authors welcome questions and comments. National Library of Medicine. (NTIS PB-282 499), 1978.Selected BibliographyBoss, Richard W. oAutomated Circulation Control Systems.�Library Technology Reports 18 (March - April 1982): 125-266.Boss, Richard W. oCirculation Systems Update.� Library Tech- This publicationis availablenology Reports 16 (March - April 1980): 119-122.Cochran, Pauline A. oSubject Access in the Online Catalog.�e eResearch Libraries in OCLC: A Quarterly 5 (January in micr oform.1982): 1-7. from UniversityConsortium To Develop an Online Catalog (CONDOC). oSpecifi- Microfilmscations for an On-Line Catalog.� Unpublished report. Notre International.Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Library, 1982.Horny, Karen L. oOnline Catalogs: Coping with the Choices.� Call toll-free 800-521-3044. In Michigan,Journal of Academic Librarianship 8 (March 1982); 14-19, mail inquiry to: University Microfilms International,Markuson, Barbara Evans, et al. Guidelines for Library Auto- 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106.mation: a Handbook for Federal and Other Libraries.Santa Monica, California: System Development Corporation,1972.Matthews, Joseph R. Choosing an Automated Library System: APlanning Guide. Chicago: American Library Association,1980.18 ack katy ate ee Inc.: WHAT DO YOU LOOK FOR IN A BINDERY?e Your collection deserves the bindingexcellence attained through 226 yearsexperience.Certified by the Library Binding Institute,we offer you a choice.Select Class oA� binding or try our Superflex.sXe) daue-la-maeli name [er-Ue-lan-\-1e mp almaat-u(-lar-\icm-lale|WZela.qaat-talcvall oFSERVICE, QUALITY, AND FAIR PRICES... THE RUZICKA WAY.(fol aal=m oh mio) ar-m oX-1e-1e)ar- mn Col0) ate) moll l an f-(ell [hel=soCall or write for particulars. "UN ol a dal dle Ke[- Me) (aci-) Ge eal OFM = (0) Galo oto C1 d-1-1al-J ole) comm \ (old ia @r-V ae) lal-Weye- 10)Telephone (919) 299-7534lol Ure nO} eo) oleyatelaliaval tea)180"North Carolina Libraries

I&Rand Public Library ManagementDonald BeagleMuch has been written about informationand referral (I&R) as a public library service forpatrons. To be sure, public need is the ultimatejustification for any public library service. But I&Rhas the potential to meet an additional need: thatof the library manager for information on com-munity resources and problems confronted byarea residents.Briefly stated, I&R links people who haveproblems to people and agencies who can providesolutions. Before I&R staff can perform this func-tion they must conduct an inventory of localresources; the word resources being broadlydefined to include far-flung social programs aswell as the local expert on beekeeping. This com-munity resource file is then used to answer ques-tions from the public, the goal being to refercallers to agencies or individuals who can addresstheir needs.Most I&R services also keep at least a min-imal account of patron calls, and many recordmore detailed information about each transac-tion. Both the record of calls and the communityresource file contain data that can impinge onmanagement decisions in such areas as planning,collection development, adult programming, andpublic relations. This article briefly considers theuse of I&R files as a management tool in each ofthese areas.PlanningUsers of the ALA publication A PlanningProcess for Public Libraries will be familiar withthe need for extensive data collection prior toestablishing goals and objectives. oThe early stepsof the planning process require information aboutthe community and its population, its library andother information resources, and library perfor-mance.�! Data collected toward this end is oftencompiled in a self-study and/or community analy-sis.The I&R resource file and record of calls canprovide valuable raw material, as well as a coher-Don Beagle is Library Administrator for the Lee CountyLibrary System in Sanford.ent framework, for those portions of an analysisdealing with the community, its population, andits alternative information resources. This datawould naturally need to be interpreted within thecontext of library planning requirements.A second area of data collection in the plan-ning process involves o... characteristics of usersand non-users and reasons for non-use.� Citizenand staff surveys are discussed in this regard. Thewhole area of representative sampling (with itsattendant problem of patron confidentiality) istoo vast to be dealt with here. But at least onestudy has suggested that telephone informationservice is the library service most likely to attracttraditional non-users.T An established I&R servicewill include in its record of calls a significantnumber of queries from persons who use thelibrary for no other purpose. Opportunities forsurveys exist at two points in a typical I&R opera-tion, either at the initial point of contact or duringfollow-up calls.Is the type of information available to an I&Rservice appropriate for library surveys? Considerthe sample survey in A Planning Process, des-cribed as being suitable for a ten- to fifteen-min-ute telephone interview. Its first section is odesigned to determine individual(s) perceptionsof their information needs, how they meet suchneeds, and how well they are satisfied.* This, ofcourse, goes to the very heart of I&R; nearly everycaller expresses such a need as well as theattempts they have already made to meet it.Three of the five questions in this first sectionof the sample survey deal with specific populationgroups whose problems are routinely served byI&R programs: older adults who require specialprograms, consumers who want financial coun-seling, and newcomers who ask for directories oflocal agencies and services. Many communitiesestablish specialized I&R services to deal withsuch groups individually. But a comprehensive,library-based I&R program can integrate its datainto a broad overview of the community whileserving the library managerTs need for planninginformation.1984 Winter"181

The second section of the survey deals withcommunity activities. oAsking questions aboutcommunity involvement allows planners to relatethis type of activity to specific population groups... Differentiating interest areas by populationgroups can help the library to design services tomeet the needs of particular groups, especiallythe underserved.� Again, the I&R service is likelyto reach groups not served by other librarydepartments, and the type of patron questions itwill address are closely related to the survey ra-tionale. (One study has indicated that informaland formal community involvement is a positiveindicator of library use.® It would be interesting toknow whether a local I&R program fostersgreater community and civic involvement. )The planning process does not end with thefirst analysis. Evaluation of progress is cyclical,requiring periodic updates of the communitystudy. Such updates, done by a hurried managerduring a single week each year, will be at best aseries of snapshots of a changing scene. But I&Rfiles provide a picture of the community thatevolves along with its subject. While not yieldingthe same quantity of data as the survey, the regu-lar call files can capture changing currents oflocal interest not always reported in the popularmedia. When this author directed ACCESS Line inCumberland County, I&R staff were aware of anewly formed otax revolt� lobby group well beforelocal newspapers caught the story.Collection DevelopmentAn ever larger section of the reference collec-tion consists of directories of organizations, sub-ject specialists, and information networks andservices. Such directories go beyond the role oftraditional encyclopedic reference tools in thatthey provide secondary information the user mayneed to seek out primary answers. They may beseen as printed equivalents of I&R services. Thereference librarian who includes such directoriesin a search strategy blurs the distinction betweenreference and I&R.Has this distinction ever been valid? Refer-ence librarians have used such directories formany years. The question goes beyond the properscope of this article, but I would venture to saythat many librarians have felt that their serviceresponsibility (both in reference and collectiondevelopment) begins with the patron and ends atthe printed page. I would simply suggest thatoptimal selection and use of directories entails aservice responsibility that begins with the patronand extends beyond the printed page into the182"North Carolina Librarieswider information environment of the commun-ity. Such a service responsibility is inherent inI&R.The I&R service will reflect potential interestin the many specialized self-help manuals beingpublished, especially in such areas as health, con-sumer rights, and the law. Local interest in thearts, crafts and recreation will also be indicated.Questions about topics on the cutting edge of thenews may be the first clues to future widespreadinterest.A recent issue of Popular Government pro-filed a municipal documents collection and anadult education project as examples of emerginglibrary information services.T It is worth notingthat use of such special collections can be facili-tated by comprehensive I&R services. Throughtheir regular contacts with personnel in govern-ment and education, I&R staff stay abreast of newprograms which inevitably generate printed mate-rials. Conversely, collections of governmental andinstitutional documents greatly help staff whoprovide information and referrals to patrons.Adult ProgrammingoThe sensitive programmer can keep informedabout the needs of the community by making thelibrary an active member of strategic local organi-zations.�T Patricia M. Grim has given us this advicein her primer for programming. I would only addthat there is no more strategic organization foridentifying community needs than the I&R ser-vice. The programmer should indeed keep closecontact with local I&R staff. And if such do notalready exist in a community, then the librarymanager has the option of establishing the I&Rservice as a omember� of his own organization.Many librarians have felt thattheir service responsibility be-gins with the patron and endsat the printed page.ACCESS Line has shown that an I&R servicecan mount effective community programming onits own.° Its files can be used in two ways: in iden-tification of topics likely to be of interest and inidentification of resource people to serve asspeakers or moderators. Every community hasindividuals with unique talents and abilities. TheI&R inventory will have identified and contactedmany of them.

The I&R program can directly serve groups aswell as individuals. Americans are joiners, andcommunity groups form around topics of com-mon concern. The same linking function applieswhether the question is expressed by one personor by the entire membership of an organization.The referral provided by I&R staff applieswhether it means giving one phone number to onepatron or arranging for an entire panel ofresource people to speak at a community meet-ing.Finally, the library with an I&R service maywell have a higher profile in the minds of otheragency staff members than will a library with nosuch service. This is because many I&R programsare initiated by community advisory boards orinvolvement councils, with representatives fromthe agencies in question. Certainly, the librarymanager who wishes to maximize the I&R pro-gramTs benefit to the library should invite suchparticipation. Service providers in many fields areexpected to do programming. They should morereadily think of the library as a cooperative agentfor their programs when they helped to establishits I@R department and handle referrals from itsstaff.There is no more strategicorganization for identifying com-munity needs than the I & Rservice.Public RelationsoBy representing the library, a programmercan offer to locate needed information foranother agency, keep abreast of community activ-ities and needs, publicize a program or service,and generate positive public relations for thelibrary.�!° True; and when I&R staff are themselvesrepresenting the library in daily contacts as wellas in interagency meetings, the public relationspotential described above is, if anything, en-hanced.In times of tight money, every unit ofgovernment is called upon to defend its relevanceto taxpayer needs. While the call may be voiced byelected officials, the final arbiter will be the aver-age citizen who asks oHow is the library importantto me?� I&R questions are different from refer-ence queries. The difference between the questionoIn what year did the Lusitania sink?� and oWheredo I appeal the denial of my claim for workmanTscompensation?� is more than the differencebetween any two random questions. I would onlyagain suggest that a proper response to thesecond question requires a different stancetoward the community. Without slighting theimportance of the first question, I would also sug-gest that a library that will not deal with thesecond risks being perceived as a luxury ratherthan as a necessity. At the very least, the librarymanager who can point to areas of urgent com-munity interest that the I&R program hasaddressed has a handy wedge to drive in anydebate over the relevance of libraries today.The I&R inventory can be an excellent time toimprove interagency relations. Opportunities forsupport and coordination may be missed if thereis a lack of regular communication. Again, Patri-cia GrimTs primer warns us against unnecessaryduplication of effort among agencies. It was toexpressly avoid such duplication that the UnitedWay began a nationwide promotion of I&R servi-ces.The results of the I&R inventory may be com-piled in a booklet format for community distribu-tion. Such a directory can be an effective publicrelations tool so long as its contents are accurateand up to date. It can be organized to highlightthe libraryTs own contributions to the cultural andintellectual life of the community. Portions of thedirectory dealing with services to particulargroups could be reprinted as brochures and dis-tributed to those constituencies in the area.ConclusionThe use of I&R as a library management toolis not a panacea. This article has deliberatelystressed its potential advantages. But no managershould hope to sit back and let I&R staff do theplanning, programming, and public relations forthe library. And while I have described I&R as alibrary-based service, it exists as an independentagency in many localities. Even so, it offers thelibrary manager potential tools for understandingand serving his or her community.Effective use of these tools requires confront-ing a number of questions. How can the inventorybe best conducted to supply answers for analysisand planning? How can follow-up calls best bestructured to allow for user surveys? How closelyshould the I&R service be identified with thelibrary in its publicity? Such questions admit nogeneral answers, only special solutions for eachindividual library.Nor can the solutions be arbitrarily or con-clusively given. Library staff continually face1984 Winter"183

novelty in the form of new questions, new com-munity needs, new political pressures, and newopportunities. Novelty forces our plans, our col-lections, our programs, and our public relationsto change. I&R offers us a channel for sensing andresponding to change.References1. Vernon E. Palmour, Marcia C. Bellassai, and Nancy: V.DeWath, A Planning Process for Public Libraries (Chicago:American Library Association, 1980), 10.2. Ibid., 24.3. George D'Elia, oA Procedure for Identifying and SurveyingPotential Users of Public Libraries,� Library Research 2(1980/81): 239-249.4, Palmour, 1585. Ibid., 160.6. Douglas Zweizig and Brenda Dervin, oPublic Library Use,Users, Uses: Advances in Knowledge of the Characteristics andNeeds of the Adult Clientele of American Public Libraries,�7. Jane Williams and Rebecca Ballentine, oExpanding LocalServices in North CarolinaTs Public Libraries,� Popular Govern-ment 47 (Fall 1981): 1-9.8. Patricia M. Grim, oThe Programming Process: A Primer,�North Carolina Libraries 41 (Summer 1983): 75.9. Donald Beagle and Douglas Lacy, oOutreach Services for Pub-lic Library I&R: Measuring Effectiveness,� Public Library Quar-terly 3 (Winter 1982): 33-47.10. Grim, 75.Our physical size and financial strength"necessary to makeand honor commitments"indicate the successful workingrelationships we have with thousands of libraries worldwide.But the plain truth is, simply, that it is our sensitivity toyour unique requirements, and our flexibility in providing anexhaustive and relentless effort for total customer servicethat is our real strength.We want to work with you"to help you provideexceptional patron service, which is your strength.We can help. Write today"EBSCO SUBSCRIPTION SERVICESThe Serials Professionals=e\8000 Forbes Place, Suite 204Springfield, VA 22151(703) 321-7494/321-9630184"North Carolina LibrariesCape Fear Union List of SerialsThe sixth edition (1984) of the Cape FearUnion List of Serials is now available. The UnionList includes approximately two thousand serialstitles held by Cape Fear area libraries, includingFayetteville State University, Fayetteville Techni-cal Institute, Command Reference Center andMain Post Library (Fort Bragg), Methodist Col-lege, Pembroke State University, Base Library(Pope Air Force Base), and Cumberland CountyPublic Library and Information Center.CFLA would like to extend special thanks toBarbara Beattie, Cape Fear Valley Medical Center,for her work in compiling this yearTs list. The list isavailable for $7.00. Orders may be sent toCape Fear Library Associationc/o Barbara BeattieLibrary ServicesCape Fear Valley Medical CenterP.O. Box 2000Fayetteville, NC 28302An invoice will be mailed along with the list.FOREIGN BOOKSand PERIODICALSCURRENT OR OUT-OF-PRINTSPECIALTIES:Search ServiceIrregular SerialsInternational CongressesBuilding Special CollectionsALBERT J. PHIEBIG INC.Box 352, White Plains, N..Y. 10602

Microcomputers in Public Librariesfor Public Access: A SurveyJennifer K. CarpenterMicrocomputers for public use are appearingin increasing numbers in public libraries aroundthe United States. Public access services, whichwere first instituted in the late 1970s, are nowgeographically widespread. However, only a rela-tively small percentage of public libraries hadimplemented the service by the beginning of 1984.Many libraries are now considering adding suchservices. The use of microcomputers has been thesubject of numerous articles, conferences, andworkshops for libraries. Since micros are such acurrent topic of concern, very little research isavailable on their use. The purpose of theresearch for this survey was to determine thepresent use of microcomputers for public accessin public libraries.Review of Related LiteratureThe demand for information about compu-ters has created an abundance of literature forlibraries. The focus of much of this literature isdirected towards staff use of micros for libraryoperations. As more and more libraries haveimplemented public access projects in the pastthree years, the amount of related literature hasincreased. No books were located that were solelyconcerned with public access; in the few booksabout all applications of micros in libraries, publicaccess was briefly treated as one of the applica-tions. Only one journal article revealed a researchstudy related to public use of micros in libraries.Several journal articles described the projects ofspecific libraries. The references given at the endof this article are some of the sources used asbackground for this survey.The one article that reported research on thepublic use of micros was written in 1982 byKusack and Bowers: oPublic Microcomputers inPublic Libraries.� In April 1982, a questionnairewas sent to one hundred public libraries ran-domly selected from the Library General Informa-tion Survey of 1978, which consisted of librariesJennifer K. Carpenter is the Librarian at Rowan PublicLibrary, South Branch in Landis. Since the research for thissurvey was completed, the Rowan Public Library has imple-mented public access microcomputers.serving a population of 100,000 or more. Re-sponses were obtained from eighty-eight libraries;only twenty-two had at least one micro for publicuse or planned to acquire one within a year.Survey ProceduresThe sample of libraries for this survey con-sisted of fifty-two libraries in the United Statesknown to have implemented public access microcomputers by January of 1984. The libraries wereidentified by literature review and personal con-tacts. A questionnaire consisting of fourteenquestions was sent to the fifty-two libraries. Thequestionnaire was designed with closed-responsequestions, requiring only a check for mostanswers. Since this type of question could limitthe amount of information obtained, a space forcomments was included with each question. Thequestionnaire was mailed with a cover letter inFebruary 1984.Survey ResponseFrom the original sample group of fifty-twolibraries or library systems, forty-one responded,yielding an overall response rate of 79 per cent.The responses of five of the libraries were deter-mined to be unacceptable. Services had not yetbegun in two of the libraries. The service was nolonger provided in two of the libraries; one ofthese indicated that the service had been discon-tinued because the computer was stolen. The fifthunusable response contained literature withoutthe questionnaire. The numerical data for thisanalysis is based on the remaining thirty-sixacceptable responses.Since the study was initiated in North Caro-lina, the responses from libraries in the state areof particular interest. The questionnaire was sentto nine libraries in North Carolina, which werethought to be the only locations with publicaccess micros. A 100 per cent response rate wasobtained from these nine libraries. Acceptableresponses came from seven: one library indicatedthat their service was not yet implemented, andone library reported the computer had beenstolen but will be replaced. The responses from1984 Winter"185

the North Carolina libraries were analyzed separ-ately as well as included in the total sample.Survey ResultsThe results obtained from the questions (Q)will be discussed in the following paragraphs.Q!: oIs computer literacy a goal of your ser-vice? If no, please indicate your primary goal(s).�Of the thirty-six responses, thirty-three wereoyes,� while three were ono.� Therefore, computerliteracy was a goal of 92 per cent of the libraries.The three libraries which checked ono� indicatedtheir primary goals to be: (1) opublic access tomicrocomputers�; (2) omaking computers & self-teaching tools available�; and (3) obringing morepatrons into very small libraries.� Since each ofthese primary goals does involve computer liter-acy, these libraries may view computer literacy asa means rather than a final goal. All seven of theNorth Carolina libraries checked oyes� indicatingthat computer literacy was a goal of 100 per centof the stateTs public micros.Q?: oWhich of the following software applica-tions are available?� Table 1 lists the applications,gives the number of library responses, and thepercentage of the thirty-five libraries. Only one ofthe thirty-six libraries did not respond, becausethe computer itself was loaned and no softwarewas provided. It is significant to note that thirty-four of the thirty-five libraries, 97 per cent,included educational applications, while onlynine libraries, 26 per cent, allowed game use.Other responses which were written in by threelibraries each were (1) business, (2) spreadsheet,and (3) Visicalc.Q3: oWhat brand(s) of microcomputers areyou using?� Table 2 gives the names and statelocations of the thirty-six responding libraries. Onthe table, the brand of micro and number of unitsowned are given for each library. The verticalcolumn totals add the number of libraries whichhave each brand. Apples were used by twenty-four of the thirty-six libraries, or 67 per cent ofthe total, which indicates a majority. Table 2 alsoreports the total number of micros each libraryhas and the total number of brands by horizontaltotals. Two or more different brands were ownedby twelve of the libraries: Scottsdale and Salt LakeCounty both have five brands; Enoch Pratt andMenlo Park both have four brands.Q*: oWhere was your micro hardware pur-chased?� and QT: oWhere do you purchase soft-ware?� Table 3 gives the number of responses andthe percentages for each answer. Ten sourceswere given for the purchase of hardware andseven sources for the purchase of software. Thenumber used for determining the percentages ofhardware purchase was thirty-six; for software,thirty-two. The software question was not appli-cable to two libraries because only hardware isavailable; and two libraries did not respond to thequestion. Table 3 shows that by far the largestnumber of libraries, twenty-eight of the thirty-six,or 78 per cent, purchased hardware from a localdealer. Software is purchased from more of a var-iety of sources, with local dealers being again thehighest: twenty-seven of thirty-two, or 84 percent. Purchase of software by mail order was thesecond highest response, checked by 72 per centof the libraries.Q®: oWhat factors influenced your hardwarepurchase decision?� Table 4 gives the variety ofresponses for this question. Software availability,location of dealer, and cost were the factorswhich received the highest responses. Two of thefactors written in the oother� response by twolibraries each were (1) ouser friendly� and (2)oquality of product.� Two libraries wrote in thecomments space that they desired to use severaldifferent products.Q®: oWhat other hardware is used with yourmicro(s)?� The results were that thirty librarieshave disk drives; nineteen have color monitors;twelve have joy sticks; twenty-nine have a printer;TABLE 1Software ApplicationsTotal libraries: N=35 N.C. libraries: N=7Application Responses % of N Responses % of NEducational ° 34 97% 6 86%Data base management Zl 60% 3 43%Arcade-type games 9 26% 2 29%Word processing 28 80% 5 71%Programming 26 74% 7 100%Simulations 13 37% 3 43%Other 16 om 0 =@This category includes eleven different applications, no one of which was included in more than three responses.186"North Carolina Libraries

©aTABLE 2Public Access Microcomputers Owned by LibrariesiaeeNIGP O RNG Et ns ee ee eeeSC en ee ee ari Ge EeLibrary Brands and number of unitsand Apple TRS-80 Commodore VIC-20 Atari IBM Timex TI Franklin Total TotalState location Sinclair Ace Brands UnitsAdrian MI I 1 1 3 3Baltimore Co. MD 10 IL 10Bettandorf IA 1 1 1Cloquet MN 2 3 2 5«" Cumberland Co. NC 2 1 2 5Dansville NY 1 1 1Delaware Div. ofLibraries DE 1 1 2Denver CO Te gs 2 gaDowners Grove IL al 1 st1 Edgecombe Co. NC 1 1 ""Enoch Pratt MD 4 2 2 2 4 10Florence OR 1 1"""" Forsyth Co. NC 6 il 6 o=""Frankfort IL 2 1 2.Franklin Co, NC 5 1 5 "~Harlan IA 1 1 2 2Lincoln Trail IL 15 1 15Lorain OH 7 1 fh"== Macon Co. NC 1 1 reeMadison WI 1 1 1Mansfield-Richland OH 12 1 12Mastics-Noriches-Shirley NY 8 I: 8Menlo Park CA it 1 ih 1 4 4Minnesota Valley MN 1 r 2 z"Neuse Regional NC 2 2 2 ee-"New Hanover Co. NC 1 1 2 2. gaaNorman OK 4 1 4Portsmouth NH 1 4 2 5Rolling Meadows IL 1 1 1Salt Lake Co. UT 12 1 5 1 1 5 20San Francisco CA 3 1 3Scottsdale AZ af 1 1 1 1 5 5Tredyffrin PA i i 1Victoria TX 1 li 1Wheeler Basin AL 3 1 3Wilmette IL 3 at 3TOTALS:# of libraries: N=36 24 8 5 5 8 2 3 2 2% of N 67% 22% 14% 14% 22% 6% 8% 6% 6%# of units: N=155 ye 38 5 10 15 2 �,� 3 4% of N 46% 25% 9% 6% 14% 1% 5% 2% 3%N.C. TOTALS:# of libraries: N=7 5 1 1 1% of N 71% 14% 14% 14%# of units: N=2Q 12 2 5 1% of N 60% 10% 25% 5%ee ee eer """""""""""""_"_"=@Respondent checked brand, but did not indicate quantity.1984 Winter"187

and fourteen gave other responces, eight of whichwere different.Q*: oDo you charge a fee to patrons foraccess? If yes, how much?� A total of twenty-threelibraries, or 66 per cent, responded ono,� andtwelve libraries, or 34 per cent, responded oyes.�No response was given by one respondent. There-fore, the majority, 66 per cent offered free access.The responses to ohow much� were combined asfollows: the five libraries that charged $1 for thirtyminutes use were Baltimore County, Cloquet,Frankfort, Tredyffin, and Wilmette; the threelibraries that charged $.50 for thirty minutes usewere Delaware, Salt Lake County, and WheelerBasin; San Francisco charged $1 for twenty min-utes; Menlo Park charged a onominal fee for reser-vations plus a fee for printing.� Minnesota Valleycharged $20 for a forty-eight hour loan. None ofthe seven North Carolina libraries charged a feefor access.Q®: oAre your microcomputer hardware andsoftware used in-house or loaned?� This questionwas answered by thirty-four libraries with the fol-lowing results; thirty-one libraries, or 91 per cent,checked oin-house hardware�, six, or 18 percent,checked oloaned hardware�, twenty-nine, or 85per cent, checked oin-house software�, and five, or15 per cent, checked oloaned software.� The Dela-ware Division of Libraries was not included in thetotals because its micro is oloaned for two monthsto public libraries.� All four responses werechecked by three libraries indicating that theyhave both hardware and software for in-houseuse and for loan: Portsmouth, Cloquet, and Min-nesota Valley. Only hardware was loaned byDansville and Downers Grove. Franklin Countyloaned both hardware and software. The brand ofmicro most often loaned was the Timex-Sinclair;however, Apples, VIC 20s and Ataris were alsoloaned. The only North Carolina location thatloaned was Franklin County which loans fiveTimex microcomputers. Other libraries whichloaned were Downers Grove, one Time; Cloquet,one Apple and three Ataris; Minnesota Valley, oneApple; Dansville, one VIC 20; and Portsmouth,four VIC 20s.Q!°: oWhere is (are) the micro(s) placed inyour library?� The answers shown in Table 5 give avariety of eight places the micros are placed. Thetotal number for the percentage was thirty-one,because five did not answer. The childrenTs areaand the reference area both had thirteen re-sponses, resulting in 42 per cent for each of thoselocations. Those two areas also received the high-est percentage from the North Carolina libraries,43 per cent. The responses written in as oother�locations included ogeneral reading area� (twolibraries), ostudy area carrel� (one library), andSSSTABLE 3Purchase of Hardware and Software"----"errrrr"r"r""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""Total libraries N.C. librariesa aWhere N=36 N=32 N=7 N=6Purchased Hardware %ofN Software %ofN Hardware %ofN Software %ofN8 aT a RB a Ra nn nea Je A cna 8Local dealer 28 78% 27 84% 5 71% 5 83%General retail store 2 6% 6 19% 0 0% 0 0%Turnkey vendor 1 3% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%Library vendor 2 6% 12 38% 0 0% 3 50%Manufacturer's rep. 1 3% 4 13% 1 14% 2 33%Mail order 1 3% 23 72% 1 14% 3 50%Other? 5 _ 2 _ 0 " 0 =iE ee@This category includes four different responses for hardware and two for software.een nn SSS SSSTABLE 4Hardware Purchase FactorsrrrTotal libraries: N=35 N.C. libraries: N=7Factors Responses % of N Responses % of NService contract 3 9% 0Cost 16 46% 4 57%Software availability 19 54% 4 57%Location of dealer 17 49% 5 71%Cooperation with local schools 6 17% 2 29%Other 11 = 0 =a eee@This category includes eight different factors, no one of which received more than two responses.188"North Carolina Libraries

TABLE 5Location of Micro in LibraryLocationTotal libraries: N=31Responses % of NN.C. libraries: N=7Responses % of NChildrenTs areaReference areaCirculation areaGlass-enclosed areaSeparate roomOther13 42% 3 43%13 42% 3 43%6 19% 1 14%4 13% 0 0%3 10% 0 0%5 _ 2 fsoAdult Continuing Education area� (one library).Q!"!: oWhich of these are included in yourmicro use policies or guidelines?� Table 6 gives thenumber of responses for each policy or guidelineand the percentages of the total of thirty-fourlibraries. A majority of the libraries do have poli-cies regarding four of the topics. Only 26 per centof the respondents have policies regarding ocopy-ing of software.� In the literature review, manylibraries noted that their policies and guidelineshave undergone change since the initial servicebegan. This study did not attempt to correlate thevarious policies. The respondents were asked tosend copies of policies or guidelines if possible.User policies and other related materials weresent by thirteen of the libraries.Q?: oApproximately how much of the avail-able time is the service being used?� Totals for thethirty-one libraries which responded are: fourlibraries checked 95-100 per cent use; 13 checked75-94 per cent use; eleven checked 50-74 per centuse; and six checked less than 50 per cent use.Two responses were checked by three of thelibraries: Wilmette checked 50-74 per cent use onweekends but less than 50 per cent on weekdays;Mastics-Noriches-Shirley checked 95-100 per centuse in the childrenTs department, and 75-95 percent use in the adult department; Adrian reported95-100 per cent use in the summer and 50-74 percent use the rest of the year. It is significant tonote that of the six libraries which checked lessthan 50 per cent use, five charge fees for the ser-vice. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume thatfree access results in greater use.Q': oDo you offer workshops or orientationfor patrons?� Of the thirty-five libraries which re-sponded, twenty-eight answered oyes� and sevenanswered ono.� Thus, the majority of 80 per centdo offer workshops or orientation for patrons. Atleast two of the libraries that checked ono� onlyloan the equipment.Q�"�: oWhat staff training and developmentactivities do you use?� These are the results forthe thirty-three libraries which replied: thirty, or91 per cent, checked oorientation for staffT; twenty-eight, or 85 per cent, checked ohands-on expe-rience�; fifteen, or 45 per cent, otraining onspecific software.� Comments by four librariesindicated that the staff is encouraged to attendcomputer classes at local colleges or technicalschools.Summary and ConclusionsComputer literacy is viewed by libraries withexisting public micros as the primary goal of theservice. This goal is accomplished by a variety ofapplications in the libraries. The micros are util-ized for both adult and childrenTs services. Nearlyall of the services include educational applica-tions. Programming, data base management, andword processing applications are offered by amajority of libraries. A few libraries allow recrea-tional, arcade-type games; however, many librar-ies prohibit this use in their guidelines. It isimportant to determine which applications willbest meet the library's goals before the equipmentis selected.a aaaTABLE 6Use Policies or GuidelinesPolicy or GuidelineTotal libraries: N=34Responses % of NN.C. libraries: N=7Responses % of NAge restrictionsRegistration of usersTime limitationsAdvance reservationsCopying of software18 53% 0 0%27 79% 6 86%28 82% i 100%18 53% 6 86%9 26% ur 14%1984 Winter"189

Many factors influence the choice of micro-computer equipment. In selecting hardware, theconsiderations of most libraries are softwareavailability, location of dealer, and cost. This indi-cates that libraries are concerned about theavailability of software compatible with thechosen applications. The microcomputer hard-ware was purchased from a local dealer by a largemajority of libraries. The location of dealer is ofconcern because of convenience for maintenanceand repair. By far the most used brand of microsin libraries is the Apple, although the market isshared by at least eight other brands. A few librar-ies chose to offer a variety of products to the pub-lic. A large majority of libraries provide disk drivesand printers; many use color monitors and otherperipheral equipment. The availability of localmaintenance and repair is not as important in thepurchase of software. This market is shared moreevenly between local dealers and mail ordervendors.Free access is an issue of microcomputer ser-vice which sparks conflicting viewpoints. Themajority of libraries offer the service free ofcharge; however, several libraries do charge feesfor access. There is evidence that free access doescreate greater use.The loaning of microcomputer hardware andsoftware is a service of a few libraries. Some ofthese libraries also provide in-house use. The lessexpensive brands of computers are most oftenloaned. Most of the libraries which loan hardwarealso loan software.Libraries with public service micros havefound the need for strict policies or guidelines foruse. These guidelines include age restrictions, reg-istration of users, time limitations, and advancereservations. Flexibility to change these guide-lines as needed is essential for this rapidly devel-oping service.The focus of this research study was todetermine how microcomputers are being usedfor public access in public libraries. The authorhopes that the information collected and pre-sented will be of use to those libraries that areplanning for implementation of this service or anexpansion of existing services.Selected BibliographyBurgin, Robert, and Duncan Smith, eds. The Resource Directory.Microcomputer Users Group of Libraries in North Carolina,1983.Dewey, Patrick. oHow to Install a Microcomputer for Public Useand Survive!� In Online '83 Conference Proceedings, 43-45.Weston, Connecticut: Online, Inc., 1983.Edmonds, Leslie. oTaming Technology: Planning for Patron Useof Microcomputers in the Public Library.� Top of the News 39(Spring 1983): 247-251.Fowler, Bonnie S., and Duncan Smith. oMicrocomputers for thePublic in the Public Library.� Information Technology andLibraries 2 (March 1983): 46-52.Godwin, Mary Jo. oMicrocomputers Go Public.� North CarolinaLibraries 4 (Fall/Winter 1982): 198-202.Kusack, James M., and John S. Bowers. oPublic Microcomputersin Public Libraries.� Library Journal 107 (November 15,1982); 2137-2141.Rorvig, Mark E. Microcomputers and Libraries: A Guide toTechnology, Products, and Applications. White Plains, NewYork: Knowledge Industry, 1981.Woods, Lawrence A., and Nolan F. Pope. The LibrarianTs Guideto Microcomputer Technology. White Plains, New York:Knowledge Industry, 1983.MICROCOMPUTERS IN NORTH CAROLINA PUBLIC LIBRARIESCHILD ACCESSJUNE 1984New Hanover County Public Library190"North Carolina Libraries& Mecklenburg County1. Bladen County Public Library2. Cumberland County Public Library3. Edgecombe County Memorial Library4. Forsyth County Public Library 9. Rowan Public Library5. Franklin County Library 10. Stanly County Public Library6. Halifax County Library 11. Fontana Regional Library"Macon County7. Haywood County Public Library 12. Public Library of Charlotte8.

Ten Observations on Changein Technical ServicesSheila S. IntnerTechnical services provides the infrastruc-ture for organized service of all sorts in all kindsof libraries. It can be perceived as the heart oflibrary and information work, since its centralfunctional component is the organization ofmaterials for use. All other services really dependto a greater or lesser degree on this key to retriev-ing something somebody needs from the greatstorehouse of knowledge contained in library col-lections"even in collections of relatively modestsize. Furthermore, technical services comprisesmore than just organization, with acquisitionwork preceding it (one must acquire materialsbefore they can be organized, after all) and circu-lation succeeding it.There are many changes in technical serviceswork today and the technical services librarian isexpected to play a much more complex role thanever before. The following ten observations focuson these changes in order to identify and describethem, and in a small way offer suggestions aboutthe responses likely to be effective and profes-sionally satisfying.Ten Observations1. Computers play a major part in theunsettled and unstable information world today.However, the first observation is that computersare merely a change agent; accommodating themis not the purpose behind recent changes in tech-nical service activity despite appearances to thecontrary. Rather, increases in the amount of intel-lectual activity over several decades and the con-comitant larger numbers of information productsand increases in demand for library servicesbased on those millions of pieces of information"more than eleven million of them in OCLC"arethe powerful influences behind change, alongwith a fearful reduction in dollars available to putto the task. The capabilities of computers, a resultof technical progress occurring outside the pro-Dr. Sheila S. Intner is Assistant Professor at the ColumbiaUniversity School of Library Service in New York. Her remarksconstituted the keynote address at the fall conference of theResources and Technical Services Section, held September26, 1984.fession-at-large, can be exploited in libraries tofurnish sophisticated services previously unimag-inable on any scale, with limited numbers of staff.2. On the whole, library educators are notpreparing technical service librarians properlywith the skills they need to perform in this bravenew real-world. Those who have been out in thefield for a while have either acquired them by theseat of their pants or dropped by the wayside.The skills they need are management skills,especially financial and personnel management,with a large dose of training in systematic, on-going, critical analysis of processes in order toachieve improvements in the input/output ratiosof their departments. We do not teach this inlibrary school"certainly not in cataloging, noteven at the advanced level, nor in most courses intechnical services. Yet most people with profes-sional library degrees working in catalog depart-ments are expected to manage those departmentsin addition to doing original cataloging and classi-fication. They are expected to plan services,organize personnel, recruit and train staff, deviseand monitor budgets, and account for expendi-tures. All of these are management skills, nottechnical service skills, and they are required inaddition to a thorough knowledge of technicalservices theory and practice.3. Technical services has always been per-ceived as the most complex area of library andinformation service and every part of technicalservices has become far more complicated thanever. For example, libraries used to be concernedabout standardizing local practice and exertingbibliographic control over their own collections.Now attention is focused, not on regional ornational standards, but on international stan-dards and universal bibliographic control. OCLCis in England. UTLAS is in Japan. It is not an easytask for us to think globally and act locally, asDavid Stam asked us to do.!Internal consistency is not the measure ofgood work any more; in fact, it may represent afatal flaw in a library operation if it is a reflectionof policies that rely only on the institutionTs ownresources to satisfy all client needs. No library can1984 Winter"191

satisfy all or even most of its client needs alone,without tapping the vast body of knowledge it canencompass only by acting in concert with otherlibraries.Think how many pages there were in CutterTsRules for a Dictionary Catalogue or the red andgreen books? compared to the 620 pages of rulesand explanantions in the Anglo-American Cata-loguing Rules, second edition. Yet in our compli-cated new world we are prodded by carrot andstick to work faster and increase our productivity.A small city library acquisition department Irecently investigated dealt with more than twenty-five vendors in addition to an unknown number ofpublishers for direct orders. Suddenly we are buy-ing quantities of materials in languages whosescripts we cannot read, media in formats we can-not understand, and subjects which the DeweyDecimal and Library of Congress classificationswere never designed to classify.Computers are merely a changeagent.4. Perhaps most important of all, the publiccatalog has finally been recognized as the impor-tant public service tool it really is; moreover, atool for the public to use, too. Reference librariansare casting hungry glances at it if they have notalready begun swallowing it down whole. What ismeant is that control of the public catalog is pass-ing out of the hands of technical service librariansin general and catalogers in particular, and intothe sphere of public service staff and administra-tors. At one great university research library, forexample, the university librarian said she wasquite satisfied that the design of the proposedonline public access catalog was not being left tothe cataloging department, but was a library-wideproject in which the reference staff were takingthe lead. Some of the planning committeesinvolved had no one from the cataloging depart-ments on them and others had one or two out of abody of eight or nine people. If Marshall McLuhanwas ever right in proclaiming that othe medium isthe message,� it is visible in what is happening indeveloping online catalogs for the public.We cannot continue to change ocomputersoftware� to omachine-readable data files� fordescriptive cataloging purposes, or transformother familiar everyday language into the esotericnineteenth century terminology of subject head-ing lists, or any of our other arcane maneuvers. Iftechnical service librarians had to do regular duty192"North Carolina Librariesas bibliographic instruction librarians it wouldhelp them to understand and appreciate morefully the problems clients encounter in using thecatalog. The intimate relation between technicaland public service librarians is closest at the pub-lic catalog. It is our interface.5. The fifth observation is a corollary to thefourth: Technical service librarians are going tohave to be, if they are not already, resource per-sonnel for public service activities. Long ago,Tauber recognized the technical aspects to publicservice activities, which he termed the behind-the-scenes or non-public parts of circulation andreference. Automating circulation, for example,exposed its natural relationship to the othertechnical services, acquisitions and cataloging.Mitch Freedman recently discussed this in alengthy article in Library Journal.® If you con-sider circulationTs dependence on bibliographicfiles and the host of backroom activities circula-tion performs, such as managing overdues andshelving materials, the public service acts ofchecking things out and receiving them back or oftaking fine money from clients are far less domi-nant than its traditional public service categori-zation would imply. On the contrary, maintainingbibliographic and inventory control over mate-rials which are part of automated circulationcontrol systems are really technical service opera-tions and we must lend our expert knowledge tothe tasks.6. Now, if They are getting control over thecatalog and We are getting control over circula-tion, where is our nice traditional organizationchart going? Into the wastebasket, I believe. Ifyour library has this neat departmentalization, itis probably going to change with the introductionof a computer system. A new Automation Coordi-natorTs or Supervisor's position will very likely becreated, with authority and responsibility in bothcamps"maybe in all three camps if the organiza-tional structure is divided, typically, into Admin-istrative, Public and Technical Services. TheAutomation Coordinator is wedged in theresomewhere between the Chief Executive Officerand any cohorts at the top level, and the rest ofthe line staff, including your run-of-the-mill refer-ence and technical service librarians. The positionis not only asymmetrical on the organizationchart, it is also the focal point for interdepart-mental activity. This should be perceived as posi-tive, helpful and encouraging; but all-too-oftenmay be received as threatening and scary, to bethwarted at all costs. If you should be catapultedinto such a position, just assume all paths aremined and proceed with extreme care and sensi-

tivity. If someone else in your library is in thatposition, ask yourself if you are, by mistake orunconscious design (since no technical servicelibrarian would do it deliberately), throwing turf-protecting monkeywrenches into the action andinadvertently sabotaging multidepartmental pro-gress.7. One of the most complex problems intechnical services today, and one with whichlibrarians at the cutting edge of technologicalchange are already wrestling, is how to determinethe best mix of tradeoffs for their institutions,between bibliographic excellence and bibliogra-phic expedience. Can we afford AACR2Ts second-level description, forgetting third, and extensiveediting of cataloging copy, or manually-enrichedsubject access, or even automated additions toLCSH headings as found in the bibliographic utili-ties? Can clerical help be substituted for profes-sional staff so libraries can reap the dollarbenefits of shared automated cataloging withoutsacrificing either quantity or quality of the pro-ducts and services emanating from their depart-ments? How can one compare service potential ofmanual catalogs and cataloging operations withthe on-line catalog? How can librarians make thatleap of imagination to totally new possibilitiesinstead of merely trying to re-create card catalogsin the new medium?The public catalog has finallybeen recognized as the impor-tant public service tool it reallyis.8. In order to initiate and direct the ongoingchanges that will serve goals identified as con-structive and appropriate, technical service librar-ians will have to learn to do empirical research. Itis no longer enough to know what is currentlyworking without visible problems. Now newdevelopments will have to be monitored andexperiments with new applications will have to bedone without waiting for their imposition fromoutside the technical services department, orfrom outside the library, or from outside the par-ent institution. Where, after all, did we get thecomputer? Certainly not from within the profes-sion. Computers were a development from themilitary-industrial complex"about as remote aspossible from the profession. Perhaps less extrav-agantly, we must examine our own operations"our acquisition routes, cataloging processes, andcirculation procedures"to see where changescan result in better service or achieve cost sav-ings, or both. The tradition of the scholar-librar-ian, mourned as lost in recent times, must beresurrected, but with a modern twist. The positivepart of that image must be regained and revital-ized and employed in the pursuit of our newobjectives.9. Cultivating the political arts of sensingstrategy, influencing policy, and winning pointsfor visibility and achievement, never a need intraditional technical service operations (whichoccupied the deepest, darkest, least obvious nookor cranny of a library building), should be anurgent priority in this changing world. ITve seentechnical service heads, under whose officialauthority hundreds of thousands of dollars worthof computer equipment lies, unable to exert anyreal control over decision-making for computerservices and precious little control over hiringand promotion, even within their own shop. Thiscame about because they failed to recognizewhere the real lines of authority were and did notput forth the effort to owin friends and influencepeople� who could help them achieve their goals.Some of my colleagues believe it is undignified orunprofessional to do more than sit back and waitto be recognized. Others are hampered by per-sonal distaste for activities even vaguely resem-bling lobbying or selling their point of view. Stillothers fail to understand policy processes in theirinstitution, and the never-fail value of creativefunding ideas when seeking approval for impor-tant, but expensive, projects. Many are helpless inthe face of a large bureaucracy. We need muchmore internal political sophistication and exper-tise. Also, we need to be willing to plunge into thefray and slug it out, toe-to-toe with other depart-ment heads using all the ideas, statistics, and logicat our disposal in order to prevail.10. The final observation is that effectivetechnical service librarians must recognize thewider role they can play in providing library ser-vices and helping fulfill the mission of their librar-ies, not only by ordering books and catalogingthem on receipt, but by participating, in the full-est sense of the word, in collection developmentand management as well as collection use. Wemust come out of our cozy back rooms and workout front, on the line. We must be prepared towork with the public and with public and admin-istrative services personnel. Is that an aggressivestance? I certainly hope so. Colleagues who per-ceive only the confines of their job descriptionscan probably be replaced by a student aide with acomputer terminal.1984 Winter"193

The hallmark of the well-trained technicalservice librarian of the future will include flexibil-ity and vision in addition to tangible evidence ofpersonal professional development and frequentexercise of intellectual curiosity. Perhaps thegreatest change in technical service activities willbe the leadership provided in helping libraries tofulfill their missions. Somehow we must movefrom passive and reactive modes of operation toactive and creative ones, which, though difficultand much more work, offer satisfying and reward-ing professional careers.PostscriptA very wise librarian writing about trauma incatalogs and cataloging in an earlier age said,oThose of us who see ourselves bridging ... twoeras have an added responsibility. We know andrespect what was good in the past. We honor thetraditions in which to greater or less extent weparticipated. And for such reasons our leadershipin charting new courses should and can be somuch the wiser.� Those were Andrew OsbornTswords in his famous article, oThe Crisis in Catalog-ing.� A little more than twenty years later, RuthWe must come out of our cozyback rooms and work out front,on the line.French Strout said, oThe enormous and stillincreasing proliferation of publications is ofcourse central to the matter of both the formatand the function of the catalog.�� These venerablelibrarians recognized and articulated problemsthat sound familiar now"Osborn decrying theunnecessary complexity of cataloging codes andpractices emphasized simplicity, but simplicitywith discipline in the form of practical and flexi-ble standards. Strout, with the words above,introduced a 1964 conference focusing on Chang-ing Dimensions of the Catalog when only the tipof the iceberg was visible.The best, for technical services, is yet to be"providing we can make it so.References1. David H. Stam, oThink Globally"Act Locally: Collection Devel-opment and Resource Sharing,� Collection Building 5 (Spring1983):18-21.2. Charles A. Cutter, Rules for a Dictionary Catalogue (Washing-ton: Government Printing Office, 1876); Catalog Rules: Authorand Title Entries (Chicago: American Library Association,1908), called othe red book�; Rules for Descriptive Cataloging in194"North Carolina Librariesthe Library of Congress (Washington: The Library, 1949), calledothe green book.� The 2nd edition of the ored book,� known as theALA or 1949 rules, was a much expanded version: A. L. A.Cataloging Rules for Author and Title Entries, 2nd ed. (Chi-cago: ALA, 1949).3. Marshall McLuhan, Understanding the Media: The Exten-sions of Man (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964), vii, 7-21.4. Maurice F. Tauber, et al. Technical Services in Libraries (NewYork: Columbia University Press, 1954), 1.5. Maurice J. Freedman, oAutomation and the Future of Techni-cal Services,� Library Journal 109 (June 15, 1984): 1197-1203.6. Andrew Osborn, oThe Crisis in Cataloging,� Library Quarterly(Jan., 1941): 393-411.7 Ruth French Strout, oIntroduction,� Library Quarterly (Jan.,1964):1.NCLA ScholarshipsThe North Carolina Library Association ad-ministers three funds which assist students oflibrary science who are residents of North Caro-lina.The North Carolina Library AssociationMemorial Scholarship is a $1000 scholarship forany type of study in library science. The Query-Long Scholarship is a $1000 scholarship for astudent who plans to work with children or youngadults. The McLendon Student Loan Fund awardsloans at a low rate of interest.All of these funds are available for original orcontinued study in library science and may beawarded to a student enrolling in library schoolfor the first time, to a student currently enrolledin a library school, or to a practicing librarian whowishes to pursue additional studies.To be eligible, the applicant must have been alegal resident of North Carolina for at least twoyears and must hold an undergraduate degree. Inaddition, the applicant must have been acceptedby a library school and should demonstrate botha genuine interest in professional library workand a need for financial assistance.In 1984, the Memorial Scholarships wereawarded to Charles Harmon of Thomasville andElinor Vaughan of Winston-Salem. The Query-Long Scholarship was awarded to Susan AnnetteHall of Wilmington. In addition, two loans of $300each were made from the McLendon Fund.Applications for 1985 Scholarships are dueMarch 1, 1985. For application forms and furtherinformation, contact:Sheila A. Core, ChairmanNCLA Scholarship CommitteeSurry Community College LibraryP. O. Box 304Dobson, North Carolina 27017Telephone:Home: 919-386-4195Work: 919-386-8212, ext. 259

The Clemmons Branch LibraryJim GovernConstruction of the new Clemmons BranchLibrary began in March 1983, with completionand occupancy in August 1984. Clemmons, anunincorporated community ten miles west ofWinston-Salem on I-40, has a population of justover eight thousand. The old branch building hadonly 1,500 square feet of space and had beenseverely overcrowded for some time. Several fac-tors contributed to the decision to build the newbranch"space limitations of the old building, thepopulation growth of Clemmons (80 per centincrease between 1970 and 1980), and the likeli-hood of continued growth in the area.Jim Govern is Head of the Clemmons Branch Library of theForsyth County Public Library system.Local businessman Edgar Broyhill donatedroughly one acre of land adjacent to the Edgar B.Furniture Plantation on Route 158 in Clemmons,keeping the cost of the project down considerably.Plans called for constructing a building similar indesign to, with some modifications, the RuralHall/Stanleyville Branch Library that was com-pleted in Forsyth County in 1982. Using this basicdesign for the Clemmons Branch helped thecounty manage costs by way of lowering thearchitectural and consulting fees to $35,310.The 8,900 square foot structure was built for$619,370 (or $54.95 per square foot) with $88,310coming from the Appalachian Regional Commis-sion; $60,300 from the state; and $470,760 fromForsyth County. The building includes an audito-oOne of the design characteristics that makes the building so successful is the incorporation of a large fireplace in the center of themain building area.�1984 Winter"195

rium with a stage and a kitchen area; the audito-rium will seat 150 people. Since no similar roomsare available in the community, the libraryTs audi-torium has been used extensively during its firsttwo months of operation, averaging some func-tion three nights a week. The auditorium is alsoused for childrenTs and adult programming. Oneof the design characteristics that makes the build-ing so successful is the incorporation of a largefireplace in the center of the main building area.The fireplace not only serves to soften the look ofthe buildingTs interior but also has the practicaleffect of serving as a room divider between theadult and childrenTs book areas. The fireplace alsohas a mantle that works well as a display area.Equipment and furniture for the buildingamounted to $95,000 and includes seven studytables in the adult areas along with an indextable, atlas and dictionary stand, two full-sizedcouches, and four sitting chairs. The childrenTsarea is furnished with four regular tables and onepicturebook table for display and reading. DisplayOK Ze Iboo= aeSTAGESa sera.~Damn ineFloor plan of the Clemmons Branch Library.196"North Carolina Librariesshelving was also purchased to highlight our newbooks and paperback collection. This high-trafficarea is conveniently located immediately to theleft of patrons entering the library.In designing the building, the services to beoffered were carefuly considered. The ClemmonsBranch has two microcomputers, and thereforespace needed to be made for them. The micros arehoused in two carrels near the childrenTs room.The idea of putting the micros in carrels was asound one although the carrels are only six feetsquare, which is not enough space for a computer,printer, and work area. Twelve square feet foreach machine is desirable.The entire building (except the auditorium)can be observed from the circulation desk andwork room areas. With the limited staff in thebranch, this allows one person to be able to ocon-trol� the operation of the building with its seatingcapacity of sixty-eight from a single vantagepoint. Before moving into the new building, thebranch had a staff of one full-time and one part-RORfomebuace? "cow oaGAIL. GET AntaO4ee te rrCLEMMCNE BRANCH [=] =]Peet A aryitt cach tan aAMONITEOT® AND PLaNnERS

The circulation desk and work areas.time employee. Staffing expanded to include twoprofessional librarians and two pages. A chil-drenTs librarian was among those hired, allowingthe Clemmons Branch to offer services to childrenfor the first time. Along with the new building andadditional personnel, the branch was also given aone-time-only book budget of $27,500 for fiscalyear 1984-85. This sum will go a long way towardmeeting the demand for reading material createdby the new building. The Clemmons Branch hadroughly eleven thousand volumes before the moveinto new quarters, which will house up to fortythousand books.Circulation doubled immediately in the newbuilding"3,500 books circulated monthly in theold building while over 7,000 books have beenchecked out monthly in the new location. Everyother service offered here at the branch has alsoincreased, voter registrations, reference inquiries,and library registrations among them. Along withthe new branch and lots of new books, theincrease in the libraryTs hours of operation hasalso contributed to the increase in circulation.The branch is now open fifty-nine hours weekly asopposed to the forty-three hours each week in theold building.The difference that our new building hasmade is not only an increase in circulation but areal raising of the awareness of the library in theClemmons area. A new building calls attention tothe fact that there is indeed public library servicein Clemmons. Coinciding with the move to newquarters was the formation of the Friends of theClemmons Branch Library. With membershippushing one hundred, the group has alreadyassisted us with an open house and dedicationceremonies by providing refreshments. Friendshave also helped out with some of our programsfor children. In the planning stages are a bookdrive and sale and helping with our Christmasprogram by providing a tree, ornaments, and aSanta. I think the formation of the Friends andthe level of their activity are due in large part tothe enthusiasm for the library generated by thearrival of the new building. If you wish to increasethe profile of the library in your area"build a newone!1984 Winter"197

New North Carolina BooksAlice R. Cotten, Compileree eeeeeeeSeeeNSsSaC"tstJill McCorkle. The Cheer Leader: A Novel. ChapelHill: Algonquin Books, 1984. 267 pp. $15.95. (P.0.Box 2225).North Carolina writer Jill McCorkle hasproven to be a phenomenon in the world of pub-lishing"so much so that she was recently featuredin PublisherTs Weekly (Sept. 21, 1984). AlgonquinBooks of Chapel Hill is simultaneously publishingher first novel, The Cheer Leader, and her second,July 7th, believing othat the two together wouldbe mutually supportive and bring added attentionto a writer at the beginning of her career.� Anative of Lumberton, Ms. McCorkle is a graduateof the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hilland Hollins College and now lives in Chapel Hill.The Cheer Leader is described as a novel thatoreveals what it means to have grown up in theyears so recently gone by that their dynamics andpatterns have not yet been explored.� This maywell be the reason for the unique appeal of thiswork. For those of us of Jill McCorkleTs generation,being a child in the sixties and attending collegein the late seventies has until now not beenexpressed in a way that is so true to life, so heart-wrenchingly realistic that we can almost relivethose days and those very feelings. Her Jo Spenceris a character whose voice is pure eastern NorthCarolina and whose observances are high schoolcirca 1976. Her memories of growing up are likephotographs"tiny moments, sometimes insignif-icant, but captured so clearly, in such crispdetail, that the reader sees, hears, even feels theimages. Jo is the girl so many of us were at seven-teen"striving to excel in studies, become popularand accepted, please our parents and our friends,attract A BOY"in a hurry to grow up, but hearinga small voice inside still wishing to slow down, gohome, and be the protected little girl again. It iswhen she first begins to lose her perfect controland to doubt her direction that JoTs carefully regu-lated life begins to crumble. Pressures, expecta-tions, and the struggle to find out who Jo Spencerreally wants to be result ina frightening time thatwill be hauntingly familiar to many readers.The cliché of the seventies was ofinding one-self.� This is a story of slowly losing sight of self, of198"North Carolina Librariesthe discovery that olove can be a very depressingthing,� of the pain of loss, the loneliness of with-drawal, and the triumph of hope. This novel de-scribes a time when Southern girls were tornbetween becoming independently successful andfinding their success defined in terms of theirattractiveness to men. The ome� generation wasself-absorbed and serious-minded, struggling forliberation while yearning nostalgically for thesimpler past. The first steps toward adulthood,the separation from families, the pseudo-inde-pendence of going away to school, and the illusionof control are rarely so well portrayed as they arehere. Jill McCorkle brings growing pains to life.From eastern North Carolina to the Univer-sity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the sense ofplace here is flawless. Jill McCorkle seems des-tined, at age twenty-five, to become an importantvoice in literary North Carolina now and for yearsto come.[Ed. note: July 7th will be reviewed in the nextissue of North Carolina Libraries. ]Julie W. Sanders, Forsyth County Public LibraryKaren Ordahl Kupperman. Roanoke: The Aban-doned Colony. Totowa, N.J.: Rowman and Allan-held, 1984. 182 pp. $24.95 cloth; 12.50 paper. (81Adams Drive, Totowa, N.J. 07512)Intent on plundering Spanish colonies andtreasure ships and eager to promote EnglandTsnaval greatness, expeditions set out from theDevon coast in the 1580s bound for the NewWorld. In Roanoke: The Abondoned Colony, Pro-fessor Karen Ordahl Kupperman of the Universityof Connecticut has crafted an engaging andthoughtful narrative of the achievements andfailures of those adventurers and settlers whorepresented the interests of ElizabethTs Englandin North America.This intriguing volume discusses events fromthe period of first English contact with the NorthCarolina barrier islands to the establishment of apermanent English settlement at Jamestown onthe Chesapeake Bay. Kupperman illustrates how

the perceptions of sixteenth-century Englishmenabout themselves, their fellow Europeans, and theNew World shaped the colonizing enterprises theyundertook. For example, the dual interests of pri-vate plunder and public glory shared by Raleighand other financiers dictated that they wouldchoose colonists"such as the men sent out underPhilip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe in April,1584"who were not well fitted for founding apermanent settlement. BarloweTs glowing accountof North CarolinaTs coast only decreased the like-lihood that a lasting colony would be establishedby fostering false expectations of quick wealththat might be extracted from the New World set-tlement.The titled but inexperienced leadership of SirRichard Grenville brought trouble to his 1585venture. GrenvilleTs quarrels with Ralph Lane, thecolony's governor, created dissension where afirm hand was needed to keep the colony undercontrol. Among the most grievous shortcomingsof Grenville, Lane, and other colonists was theircallousness in dealing with the areaTs native popu-lation. The English, unfortunately for the Indians,used military methods to subdue orecalcitrant�neighbors, based on lessons the invaders hadlearned in Ireland.Kupperman devotes a sensitive chapter toCarolinaTs native Americans and their interactionwith the Roanoke colonists, a task for which she iswell qualified by earlier researches (summarizedin Settling with the Indians: The Meeting of Eng-lish and the Indian Cultures in America, 1580-1640 [Rowman and Littlefield, 1980]). Aspects ofIndian theology, medicine, agriculture, and psy-chology are treated with a careful and informedhand.The ordeals and triumphs of John White'scolonists make for engrossing reading, largelybecause Kupperman succeeds in placing thesettlers squarely in the context of both earlier andlater ventures. RoanokeTs legacy"in addition tothe splendid drawings of John White and thescholarship of Thomas Hariot"is that it served asothe prototype of all later successful plantations�(p. 107). Families, not single men, would prove tobe the New WorldTs most successful colonists.Funding settlements through joint-stock ventureswould succeed where intermittently-funded pri-vateering forays had not. RaleighTs colonies were,Kupperman writes, oa fitting beginning for Ameri-can history� (p. 172) because they illustratedgraphically that colonial and native interdepen-dence"or the lack thereof"would dictate thesuccess or failure of EnglandTs efforts in the NewWorld.New North Carolina BooksRoanoke: The Abandoned Colony provides asuccinct introduction to the central issues of theRoanoke story. For popular audiences, Kupper-manTs volume is a readable, delightful synopsis ofcurrent interpretations of the activities of Roa-nokeTs settlers. The dearth of endnotes and lack ofbibliographical citations slightly impairs the bookTsusefulness for students and scholars. Public, col-lege, and university libraries will want to pur-chase this volume as a welcome addition to theircollections of early American and North Carolinahistory.Julia S. Hesson, East Carolina UniversitySylvia Wilkinson. Dirt Tracks to Glory: The EarlyDays of Stock Car Racing as Told by theParticipants. Chapel Hill: Algonquin Books, 1983.167 pp. $19.95.This handsomely produced and well-writtenbook is an informative and entertaining accountof the early development of stock car racing"adevelopment in which North Carolina played aprominent role. The authorTs introduction pro-vides a useful background for othe series of indi-vidual remembrances� of promoters, car owners,and former drivers who experienced first-handthe sportTs evolution from rowdy and obscurebeginnings toward its present status as a majorspectator sport.Each of the bookTs sections is based upon in-depth interviews. Bill France Sr., Tim Flock, NedJarrett, Wendell Scott, Banjo Matthews, FreddieLorenzen, and a half dozen other stock car vet-erans provided the author with their often color-ful recollections, including their memories ofFireball Roberts, Little Joe Weatherly, CurtisTurner, and other greats who no longer survive.Although Sylvia Wilkinson is known primarilyas a novelist, she brought to the writing of thisbook considerable experience in the world of autoracing. A North Carolina native, she has workedas a timer for actor Paul NewmanTs Can-Am andother sports car teams and has contributed regu-larly to racing magazines. Her writing reflectsboth a factual knowledge of racing and a feelingfor the relationship between the drivers and theircars.The bookTs flaws detract only slightly from itsoverall impact. Several sections might have bene-fited from tighter editing to eliminate extraneousmaterial. At other times topics are insufficientlydeveloped, and a few of the numerous black andwhite photographs seem unrelated to the text.The serious student of stock car racing might alsoquestion why some veterans were selected to be1984 Winter"199

New North Carolina Booksinterviewed while others, perhaps more promi-nent, were not. On the whole, however, the ar-rangement of the volume is logical and _ itsillustrations effective.Because North Carolina is and always hasbeen a major center for stock car racing, this bookshould prove a popular addition to the holdingsof the stateTs public libraries.Wilson Angley, North Carolina Divison of Archives and HistoryH. Leon Prather, Sr. We Have Taken A City: Wil-mington Racial Massacre And Coup of 1898.Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson UniversityPress, 1984. 214 pp. $19.50.The tragic events of November 10, 1898, inWilmington constitute a landmark in North Caro-lina history. What is traditionally termed the oraceriot� on that day left at least twelve blacks dead inthe cityTs streets. This followed the 1898 electionby only two days. The campaign over the preced-ing weeks had been marked by unprecedentedappeals to mob violence on behalf of a owhitesupremacyT effort. In Wilmington, the stateTs larg-est and least-segregated city, this appeal boreparticular force as blacks had for some yearsoccupied positions of power and influence. In theaftermath of the events of 1898 blacks in Wilming-ton and across North Carolina were increasinglydenied access to the political process.H. Leon Prather, Sr., professor of history atTennessee State University, offers a provocativeinterpretation of what he terms othe most ghastlymassacre of the Progressive era.� His book istouted on the dust jacket as an account of otheonly coup d'etat in the history of the UnitedStates.� By strict definition the phrase does seemto fit since in the hours and days after the riot thelegally elected regime in Wilmington was oustedfrom power by armed force. In his preface theauthor credits historian Arthur Link with beingthe first to apply the term to the sequence ofevents. Yet Prather finds a opropensity for distor-tion among white scholars,� arguing that othedefinitive pen of the black scholar is needed tocorrect the distortions and to fill in the glaringomissions.� Since most of what has been writtenon the subject predates the civil rights era, hisperspective does offer a useful corrective. Prather,author of a previous volume on education inNorth Carolina between 1890 and 1913, is thefirst historian to write a book-length account ofthe Wilmington riot.It was the author's stated aim in this book tobridge the world between scholars and the200"North Carolina Librariesgeneral reading public. Using newspapers, archi-val materials, and interviews with descendants ofprincipals in the disruption, Prather has uncov-ered a wealth of new details about the riot, Unfor-tunately, disjointed writing, occasional factualerrors, and poor editing detract from his contri-bution. The illustrations, however, will appeal tothe general reader, and historians will find muchto appreciate in the footnotes and bibliographicalessay. Although the book has its weaknesses, itdoes belong in college libraries and in publiclibraries in the Wilmington and Cape Fear area.Michael Hill, North Carolina Division of Archives and HistoryBetty Adcock. Nettles. Poems by Betty Adcock.Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press,1983. 60 pp. $13.95 cloth; $5.95 paper.AdcockTs first book of poetry, Walking Out,appeared in 1975 and was also published by Loui-siana State University Press. At that time Adcockdescribed the concerns of her poetry as ogrowingup in rural, small-town south, folk-tales, ancestralhauntings, objects touched by time, the worldTsmyths, the despair of the present, language aspossibility. I am interested in pointing out rela-tionships ... And I care about our people, our fail-ings, our deaths and the real earth. I have noprogram for salvation.�Nettles continues and develops these sameconcerns. As a collection it has a Satisfyingwholeness. Part One deals with the past ingeneral, the ospiders of memoryT of the first poemof the work. Part Two deals with the poetTs par-ticular past, especially with her motherTs deathwhen Adcock was a child, and her fatherTs deaththirty years later, two events which affected herdeeply. Poems also recall her childhood sufferingwith asthma and an accident owhen car andbridge, colliding, threw me / out of my fifteenthspring.� Part Three brings us to the poetTs presentlife"her daughter Sylvia, now grown, her twen-tieth wedding anniversary, teaching poetry at areform school. The final part consists of onelonger poem, dedicated to her husband, whichshows the poetTs struggle to come to terms withthe past and to look toward the future. This col-lection is a mid-life view, hard-won.The poems are permeated with an autumnalsadness, nostalgia, foreboding, and richness, Thepoet looks into October woods, her grandmother'spine quilt chest left now with only oflakings fromdreamed-under patterns,� a box-camera snap-shot she doesnTt quite remember, her grand-fatherTs now run-down farm. The child, even while

safely recovering in bed, hears the radio humosomewhere in the Pacific� and wonders whethershe should cry. Looking at the run-down farm,Adcock writes:we shape a world that will become all risk,as warfare will become all light.Until, from necessary dark, we takethe real, pared moon we've earned.Then, knowing what we ask,we'll ask the ground againto dream us if it can.Images and insights in the poems must bere-read and savored. This is polished writing.Adcock writes in oTo Sylvia, Grown Daughter�:You may enter by the door of what is not yet,as you did before. Or by the new doorof what has been taken from you.Pain will let you in, or fury. Ordinarylove will let you in, or any dying.No key is too odd, no reason too far away.It is only the house of your first name...Of marriage after twenty years she writes:And whatever singing, forgetting or nightmarehowled in this house between man and woman,the child laughing or stiflingin clenched sleep, hereit is summer and cool, the shelvesgreen with okra, beans, pears in clear jars.The final poem of the collection, oThe SwanStory,� is a summing up of the whole. The childfinds that oString and tatter, a life / is what it canfind / growing wild in the woods and churchyard,�while the adult discovers that oNettle, thorn andsandspur, / The world stings itself into summer.�But, in the end, the poet says to her husband:We walk toward our winter fireunder the skyTs downfall,Bird-Loose-Feather whitening our hair.Dear one, hold on. We areonly halfway there.And so there is hope"earned the hard way, buthope.Betty Adcock is Kenan Writer in Residence atMeredith College. She grew up in Texas, did partof her college work at North Carolina State Uni-versity, and now lives in Raleigh. She has pub-lished iri various journals and has been includedin anthologies such as New Southern Poets, editedby Guy Owen, to whom she dedicates this volume.Nancy Shires, East Carolina UniversityElizabeth Evans. Thomas Wolfe. New York: Fred-erick Ungar Publishing Co., 1984. 204 pp. $12.95(36 Cooper Square, NY, NY 10003).This survey of the work of Thomas Wolfe andthe critical reaction to it is one of a series ofhandbooks that appraise the fiction of contem-porary authors. It is a short work, carefullyresearched, which provides a well-written insightinto the major themes of WolfeTs work and thefictional characters he created.In a highly readable style Dr. Evans gives us abrief biography of Wolfe and examines each of thenovels as well as From Death to Morning, a collec-tion of short stories that appeared in 1935. WhileEvans draws heavily on the work of other Wolfescholars, she is not without her own point of view.Many of the comments on WolfeTs style, themes,and characterizations are clearly her own.While Evans considers Wolfe, in one sense, afailed talent, she seems to agree with WilliamFaulkner, who said that among their literary con-temporaries Wolfe was ofirst because we had allfailed but Wolfe had made the best failure becausehe had tried harder to say the most.� Evans thinksthat Look Homeward, Angel escapes many of theliterary pitfalls of the later works, which shebelieves are patchworks inexpertly pieced to-gether. Acknowledging their failures, Evans pointsalso to their strengths: the brilliant novellas theycontain, the vivid characters that people them,and the lyrical quality of much of the writing.The book explores WolfeTs recurrent themesof loneliness and death and shows how deeplyrooted they are in WolfeTs life. Finally, Evanstouches on WolfeTs slowly developing social aware-ness, as evidenced by the haunting short story, oIHave a Thing to Tell You.�This is a fine book for the serious high schoolor college student, as well as a useful guide forhigh school and college teachers. There is anexcellent bibliography of works by and aboutWolfe. The book is recommended for high schooland college libraries.Frances A. Weaver, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillBelinda Hurmence. Tancy. New York: ClarionBooks, 1984. 203 pp. $11.95.It would be easy to focus on the historicalaccuracy of Tancy, a novel for young adults thatprovides a lucid portrayal of the transition fromCivil War to Reconstruction. But in addition toportraying correctly a period in history, this book1984 Winter"201

New North Carolina Booksis the personal story of Tancy, a sixteen-year-oldhouse girl for the mistress of GaitherTs Mill inpiedmont North Carolina.Tancy works well as a historical vehicle, forthrough her we learn of the atrocities of slaveryand the social upheaval created by sudden free-dom for blacks. Because Tancy is one of the fewliterate slaves, she is able to work for a time at theFreedmanTs Bureau. This allows us to view therampant governmental abuses of the period. YetTancy is more than a chronicler of events or arepresentative of her people. She is an individualwith real problems who is forced to make seriousdecisions for which she has been grossly unpre-pared. When Tancy is twice almost raped by themasterTs son, it is the feelings of that naive younggirl that emerge and not merely the historicalprevalence of such brutality. When Tancy discov-ers that she is actually the daughter of therecently deceased master of GaitherTs Mill, werespond to her ambivalence. Though such anoccurrence was commonplace, it is as thoughTancy is unique in her torn desires. Should shesearch for her biological mother, sold away whenshe was very young? Or should she be contentwith her dependency on oMiss PuddinT,� the onlyomother� she has ever known? It makes no differ-ence that TancyTs choices between the comfort ofthe known and the dubious promise of theunknown were the rule of the day. It is Tancy whocounts, Tancy who draws upon our sympathies.Hurmence, through sensitive characterization,lifts this novel from its interesting historicalunderpinnings into the realm of a memorablecoming-of-age story. Tancy is surrounded by andreacts to characters who are very human combi-nations of good and bad. Stock characters areused only to facilitate the movement of the plot.And the plot moves well. Through a judiciousbalance of dialogue and narration, Hurmence sus-tains interest throughout. In fact, a bit of slowingat the end might have been welcome. Tancybecomes decisive about her life"tying up looseends, intimating future directions, and leaving theabsorbed reader saying oWait! Not so soon!� Per-haps that reaction is simply the ultimate compli-ment for a fine, affecting novel. Ms. Hurmence,author of two previous novels, A Girl Called Boyand Tough Tiffany, might consider a sequel toTancy. This is one reader who cares about whathappens to that endearing young girl.Yvonne Hardy, Asheville-Buncombe Library SystemJane Turner Censer. North Carolina Plantersand Their Children, 1800-1860. Baton Rouge:202"North Carolina LibrariesLouisiana State University Press, 1984. 191 pp.$20.00.Dr. Censer is associate editor of the FrederickLaw Olmstead Papers at American University,Washington, D.C., but this book is the result ofdoctoral research carried out primarily in NorthCarolina at Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill.Personal letters, wills, deeds, and other records ofhundreds of families were combed to produce thispioneer study of North Carolina parents andchildren. Initially we are introduced to the plant-er class by being told of many of their commoncharacteristics"means of livelihood, religion, rec-reation, attachment to locality, political and eco-nomic backgrounds, their ideals, sentiments, andother traits. Six chapters then deal with youngchildren and family life, youth and education,courtship, and marriage, parent-adult offspringrelations, the younger generation as adults, andfinally, the white family and slaves.North Carolina families were found to havebeen devoted to and concerned about their chil-dren and insistent upon education and achieve-ment and the wise use of time and money. EvenSO, parents were not unduly manipulative of theirchildrenTs lives. For example, young people werefree to choose their own marriage partners, tomake their own decisions as to occupations, andin other ways to manage their own lives. Parentswere generous in helping their children becomeestablished in life and fair in distributing familyproperty, often dividing estates much earlier thanmight have been expected.This book is carefully researched and writtenin a readable style. The variety of information itcontains will appeal to a wide range of readersboth to inform and to entertain. It is a delightfulsupplement to Guion JohnsonTs Ante-BellamNorth Carolina, a work that has fascinated NorthCarolina readers since it first appeared in 1937.The assorted charts and tables will have referencevalue for librarians, and the classified biblio-graphy will be useful to students of history. Thescholarly reader will regret that the index, whilecertainly useful, is not more detailed. The pedan-tic reader will wish that the author had made useof guardianship records in the State Archives, asource for unusual information on wealthyorphans: they contain precise information onclothes, jewelry, toys and games, travel, educa-tional expenses, and other unusual facts notavailable from other sources. But this would haveprolonged the research perhaps by years, and wemust be grateful for the new look at antebellumchildren that the author has given us.

William S. Powell, University of North Carolina at ChapelHillPortfolio 1983: A Collection of Award WinningNorth Carolina Poetry. [32] sheets in 1 portfolio.$5.00Portfolio 1984: A Collection of Award WinningNorth Carolina Poetry. [22] sheets in 1 portfolio.$7.50Greensboro, NC: Poetry Center Southeast. (Li-brary, Guilford College, 5800 Friendly Ave. W.,Greensboro, NC 27410)These titles, anthologies of poems by NorthCarolina authors, have each been published in theform of looseleaf printed sheets or broadsheetssheafed together in an attractive folder. The orig-inal Portfolio concept is attributed to BarbaraRosson Davis. Several different styles of printingare used, and the individual design of each pieceenhances the work as it appears on the page andintrigues the reader beyond the appreciation ofthe poetry itself.The poetry, award-winning works submittedstatewide for these publications, varies in subjectmatter and level of skill. Some of the mostaccomplished poets in the state appear in thesecollections, along with some new voices. RuthMooseTs oRiver Bed� (You made your bed / on thepine needles / under the tin roof / in the rain. Yourarely / think for the roar, / think for the roar.) isa good poem by an author many North Carolini-ans will recognize. This reviewer's favorite is apoem by Paul Jones from the 1983 Portfolio,oThere Are Not Enough Ways� (to talk about pas-sion. / ... like the field resting / in the arms ofwinter, / we hold seeds in us, / the smolderingcode of briar / whose crooked thorns forbid / themention of spring.). The 1983 selections weremade by Sam Ragan, Poet Laureate of NorthCarolina, and San Francisco poet Roger Aplon,and the 1984 ones by Stanley Lindberg, editor ofThe Georgia Review. In general the poems reflecta strength of craft and variety of theme thatshould appeal to a wide spectrum of readers.What makes this publishing effort unusual,the broadside format, also unfortunately makes itunwieldy for library or personal use. I enjoyedhandling the loose pages, appreciating eachexample of the printerTs art, until they began toscatter and fray because they werenTt boundbetween conventional covers. In general theworks would be better served if they were in bookform and could be placed on a shelf. This reserva-tion aside, however, the Portfolio projects, sup-ported by several grants including one from theNew North Carolina BooksNorth Carolina Arts Council, are a success interms of quality of content and presentation andare recommended for public, academic, or highschool libraries.Coyla Barry, Chapel HillPaul Hulton. America 1585: The Complete Draw-ings of John White. Chapel Hill: The University ofNorth Carolina Press, 1984. 213 pp. $24.95.Among the most valuable legacies of Ameri-caTs Four Hundredth Anniversary Committee aremany fine publications sponsored in whole orpart by the committee. Surely this volume is oneof the finest.John White was the artist who came fromEngland with the colonists who landed on Roa-noke Island in 1585. He had instructions to drawplants, animals, and people in the New World. Hisdrawings are remarkable. The surviving originalwatercolors are in the British Museum. Thisvolume reproduces all seventy-six of those, plusthe complete set of Theodor de Bry engravings(1590), and the copies made in the early 1660s.There are 186 illustrations in all, eighty of them incolor.Paul Hulton, the author, was Deputy Keeperin the Department of Prints and Drawings of theBritish Museum. The British Museum is a co-pub-lisher of this volume. In addition to the reproduc-tions of the White drawings, this volume containsbrief chapters on the English discovery of the NewWorld; on White; on Theodor de Bry, WhiteTs pub-lisher; on the history and publication of the draw-ings; on their meaning and influence; and onWhite as artist. Extensive notes on the plates, ashort bibliography, and an index complete thevolume.A book of this quality and importancedeserves a place in all public, school, and aca-demic libraries in the state. It is a stunningaccomplishment. Congratulations to the publish-ers and to Mr. Hulton.Alice R. Cotten, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillOther Publications of InterestHunter Publishing Company in Winston-Salemhas a series of North Carolina county histories(twenty-three so far) that are of interest to publiclibraries and local and genealogical collections.The text of each was written by local county resi-dents and includes a brief history of the county, alarge section of family history, pictures, and an1984 Winter"203

index. The quality of the writing varies, andresearchers familiar with publications such asthis know that some information presented asfactual must be verified. The presence of an indexcertainly enhances the usefulness of each volume.The books are printed on archival paper, arehardbound, and are embossed with the countyseal, making attractive and durable volumes.Prices range from $30-$45. (P.O. Box 5867, Win-ston-Salem, NC 27113)The North Carolina Friends Historical Societyhas recently published (1984) Friends oat theSpring�: A History of Spring Monthly Meetingby Algie I. Newlin, fourth in their series of histo-ries of Friends meetings. NewlinTs story is a meticu-lous tracing of this Piedmont meeting from itsbeginning in the mid-eighteenth century until thepresent. Two appendixes, notes, and a biblio-graphy round out this 147-page volume. Recom-mended for collections of local history and ofreligion.Sketches of Old Warrenton, North Carolinaby Lizzie Watson Montgomery, originally pub-lished in 1924, has been reprinted by The ReprintCompany in Spartanburg, S.C. (P.O. Box 5401).Warrenton, county seat of Warren County, wasincorporated in 1779. The book is subtitled oTra-ditions and Reminiscences of the Town and Peo-ple Who Made It,� and it covers the daily lives andevents of the residents, including education,social customs, newspapers, business, churches,and anecdotes about the residents. ItTs fascinat-ing and quite readable, suitable for genealogicaland local collections, and for libraries with collec-tions of North Caroliniana. ItTs good to have thisone back in print. ($25.00)A new edition (paper) of Jane CoreyTsExploring the Seacoast of North Carolina isavailable for $5.95 from The Provincial Press, Box2311, Chapel Hill, NC 27514. Since the volume firstcame out in 1969, this book has been popular withboth tourists and natives who like to explore ourstate's coast. ItTs slim (40 pages), attractive, nicelyillustrated, has good maps, and is useful. This edi-tion includes changes along the coast in the lastfifteen years. Recommended for school and publiclibraries and for collections of North Caroliniana.Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc. (1001N. Calvert St., Baltimore, Md. 21202) has recentlypublished North Carolina Taxpayers, 1701-1786, first of a projected two-volume work. Forabout half of North Carolina counties formedbefore 1786, this volume lists those persons pay-ing poll or property taxes. Names are from taxlists at the North Carolina State Archives andfrom North Carolina Genealogy. There are about204"North Carolina Libraries28,000 names, giving county of residence, date,and occasionally some additional information.($17.50)RTSS Grant for the NCLABiennial ConferenceThe purposes of the grant are to encourage(1) membership in NCLA and RTSS, (2) attend-ance at NCLA Biennial Conferences, and (3) par-ticipation in RTSS activities.The grant will be for $250.00 to financeattendance at the next Biennial Conference ofNCLA. Membership in NCLA and RTSS arerequired upon acceptance of the grant.The grant will be awarded without regard tosex, age, or type of library.Criteria for Selection1. At least part of the applicantTs current work-must involve an aspect of technical services:acquisitions, cataloging, classification, resources,collection development, preservation of librarymaterials, or related activities.2. The applicant must not have attended anNCLA Biennial Conference previously.3. The applicant must work in North Carolina.4. The applicant must demonstrate financialneed.5. The completed application form must be neatand intelligible.6. The applicant must secure work leave appro-val as appropriate.Conditions of Grant Acceptance1. The recipient must provide confirmation ofacceptance in writing to the chairperson of theResources and Technical Services Section.2. The recipient must be a member of, or join,NCLA and RTSS.3. The recipient must attend the entire BiennialConference and all RTSS functions and will assistwith RTSS programs if requested by the ExecutiveCommittee.4. The recipient must notify the chairperson ofthe section, and return the grant funds if theterms of the grant cannot be met.The selection of the grant recipient will restsolely with the RTSS Executive Committee. In theabsence of qualified applicants, no grant will beawarded.For application forms, write to: Joline Ezzell,Head, Serials Department, Duke University Li-brary, Durham, N.C. 27706. Deadline for applying:July 1, 1985.

Candidates for NCASL OfficerNorth Carolina Association of School LibrariansNominating Committee ReportCandidates for NCASL OfficesFrances Bryant Bradburn, Vice-Chairman/Chairman-Elect(1985-87)Current PositionUpper School Librarian, Greensboro Day SchoolEducationM.LS., University of North Carolina at GreensboroB.A., Wake Forest UniversityProfessional Offices and MembershipsNCLA, North Carolina Libraries, Editorial BoardNCLA, NCASL, Executive BoardNCLA, NCASL, Research Grants CommitteeALAGuilford Library Association, Membership ChairmanUNC-G Library Science/Educational Technology Alumni Associ-ation, Chairman, Scholarship Committee, 1983PublicationsResearch on Adolescence: An Annotated Bibliogaphy on Adoles-cent Development Educational Needs and Media, 1978-1980 (with Gerald G. Hodges). Chicago: ALA Publi-cations, 1983.oResearch on Adolescence� (with Gerald G. Hodges), Top of theNews (Spring 1983).Awards and AccomplishmentsBeta Phi MuNCLA Query-Long ScholarshipTassels, honorary womenTs leadership:society, Wake Forest Uni-versityEdith B. Briles, Vice-Chairman/Chairman-Elect (1985-87)Current PositionDirector of Instructional Media, Randolph County Board ofEducationEducationM.Ed., University of North Carolina at GreensboroAB., Greensboro CollegeAdditonal graduate work at the University of North Carolina atChapel HillProfessional Offices and MembershipsNCLA, Education in Librarianship CommitteeNCLA, NCASL, School Library Media Day (Plans for 1984 SLMDay won the Grolier National Library Week Award)NCLA, NCASL, Planning Committee for 1st NCASL Pre-Confer-ence for System-Level Media Personnel, Library Educa-tion Personnel, SDPI Personnel, and NCASL ExecutiveBoardALAAssociation for Supervision and Curriculum DevelopmentNorth Carolina Association of School AdministratorsSupervisorsT Commission, Steering Committee, 1980-81SupervisorsT Commission, Steering Committee, Secretary, 1982-83Delta Kappa Gamma, Alpha Upsilon Chapter, SecretaryDelta Kappa Gamma, Alpha Upsilon Chapter, Research Com-mittee ChairmanUNC-G Library Science/Educational Technology Alumni Associ-ation, Executive BoardUNC-G Department of Library Science/Educational Technology,Advisory CommitteeAwards and AccomplishmentsTeacher of the Year, Asheboro City SchoolsAuthor and Developer of Project ZOO, an ESEA Title IV-C inno-vative project. Now approved for dissemination nation-ally by the Joint Dissemination Review Panel.aCarolyne Carter Burgman, Director at Large (1985-89)Current PositionMedia Specialist, F. D. Bluford Elementary School, GreensboroEducationM.LS., University of North Carolina at GreensboroBS., Fort Valley State College, Fort Valley, GeorgiaProfessional Offices and MembershipsNCASL School Library Media Day Committee, Secretary/Treas-urerALA, AASLNorth Carolina Association of EducatorsNational Education AssociationGreensboro Association of Media SpecialistsPublicationoHumble Beginnings: Lessons in Computer Utilization,� NorthCarolina Libraries 42 (Fall 1984): 118-120.Awards and Accompishments1974 Fellow in Higher Education Act Title II-B Program at UNC-GOne of six professionals selected to write computer modules forthe Ford Foundation Grant Programs at Bennett CollegeFord Foundation Grant Steering CommitteeBen L. Smith Memorial Scholarship Fund, Board of DirectorsJennie A. Johnson Franklin, Director at Large (1985-89)Current PositionSupervisor, Media and ECIA, Chapter I ReadingEducationM. Ed., North Carolina State UniversityB.A., Elementary Education, Bennett CollegeProfessional Offices and MembershipsNCLA, NCASLALAInternational Reading AssociationNational Education AssociationNorth Carolina Association of Educators, Building Representa-tiveNorth Carolina Association of Educators, PACE CommitteeNorth Carolina Association of Educators, Public RelationsOfficerAssociation for Supervision and Curriculum DevelopmentNorth Carolina Association for Supervision and Curriculum,Publications Commmittee1984 Winter"205

North Carolina Association for Supervision and Curriculum,Region 3, SecretaryNorth Carolina Association of Compensatory EducatorsCouncil on Educational Services for Exceptional Children, Vice-ChairpersonCouncil on Educational Services for Exceptional Children,appointed by the State Board of Education for two termsto represent the Second Congressional DistrictAwards and AccomplishmentsListed in Outstanding Educators of America, 1972Sound and Print United (WVSP-FM, Public Radio). Served asmember of the Board of Directors for two terms and wasactive in fund-raising efforts for this non-profit organiza-tion.rEKatherine Seitz Kiser, Director, Geographical Area (. 1985-89)Current PositionDirector of Media Services, Catawba County SchoolsEducationEd. D., Curriculum and Supervision, Appalachian State Univer-sityM.S., Library Science, Appalachian State UniversityB.S., Library Science, Appalachian State Teachers CollegeProfessional Offices and MembershipsNCLA, NCASL, School Library Media Day CommitteeNCLA, NCASL, Committee for Pre-Conference for Media Super-visorsNorth Carolina Association for Supervision and CurriculumDevelopmentNorth Carolina Association for School AdministratorsAwards and AccomplishmentsAlpha ChiDelta Kappa GammaBeth Miller Rountree, Director, Geographical Area (1985-89)Current PositionMedia Specialist, Curriculum Research Center, Charlotte-Meck-lenburg SchoolsEducationM.LS., University of North Carolina at GreensboroA.B., Elon CollegeProfessional Offices and MembershipsNCLA, Intellectual Freedom CommitteeNCLA, Education for Librarianship Committee, 1980-83NCLA, NCASL, Research Grants Committee, ChairALAAssociation for Supervision and Curriculum DevelopmentMecklenburg Library AssociationMetrolina Library AssociationAwards and AccomplishmentsKappa Delta PiUNC-G Department of Library Science/Educational Technology,Advisory CommitteeeeGayle Keresey, Affiliate Assembly Delegate (1985-87, �)Current PositionMedia Coordinator, East Arcadia School, Bladen CountyEducationM.A.L.S., University of KentuckyA.B., Miami University, Oxford, Ohio206"North Carolina LibrariesProfessional Offices and MembershipsNCLA, Intellectual Freedom Committee, 1980NCLA, NCASL, AASL Affiliate Assembly Delegate, 1983NCLA, NCASL, Executive Committee, 1983NCLA, ChildrenTs Services Section, ChildrenTs Book Award StudyCommittee, Chairperson, 1981-83ALA, AASL, School Faculty Materials Selection Committee, 1981ALA, ALSC, Print and Poster Evaluation Committee, 1982ALA, ALSC, Filmstrip Evaluation Committee, 1983ALA, YASD, Outstanding Non-Fiction for the College Bound,Revision Committee, 1980-82ALA, YASD, Intellectual Freedom Committee, 1981- ; Chairper-son, 1983National Education AssociationChildrenTs Literature AssociationPublicationsoSchool Book Club Expurgation Practices,� Top of the News(Winter 1984).oExpurgation Practices,� Indiana Media Journal (Winter 1983).oYoung Miss,� in ChildrenTs Periodicals of the United States, ed.by R. Gordon Kelly, Greenwood Press, 1984.Reviewer, School Library Journal, Voice of Youth Advocates,Women Library Wrokers JournalAwards and AccomplishmentsALA, Junior Members Round Table, Shirley Olofson MemorialAward, 1982.E. Glenn Wall, Affiliate Assembly Delegate (1 985-87)Current PositionMedia Specialist, Charles C. Ervin Junior High School, GraniteQuarryEducationM.A., Appalachian State UniversityB.S., Appalachian State UniversityProfessional Offices and MembershipsNCLA, NCASLALA, AASLNational Education AssociationNorth Carolina Association of EducatorsEducation Media Association, 1976-80Phi Delta Kappa, 1971-77Awards and AccomplishmentsNC Department of Public Instruction Scholarship for GraduateStudy, 1970-71Rowan Technical College Media Advisory Committee, 1972-77NC Association of Student Councils, School Advisor, 5 yearsNC Association of Student Councils, Western District Conven-tion, Chairman, 1972NC Association of Student Councils, State Leadership Work-shop, Mars Hill College, 1973-74National Association of Student Councils, Convention, Roches-ter, Minnesota, 1974Teacher of the Year, Central Cabarrus High School, 1974Outstanding Young Educator, Central Cabarrus J aycees, 1974Outstanding Secondary Educator of America, 1974NC Association of Educators, Local Unit Vice-President, LocalUnit Treasurer, Local Unit ParliamentarianNC High School Library Association, School Advisor, 7 yearsGranite Quarry Elementary School, Parent Teacher Association,Vice-President, 1983-84Rowan County School Media Committee for NC State Accredita-tion, 1983-84Local Junior High Computer Camp, Director, 1984

NCLA Minutes and ReportsNorth Carolina Library AssociationMinutes of the Executive BoardJuly 20, 1984The Executive Board of the North Carolina Library Associa-tion met on July 20, 1984 at the Radisson Hotel, High Point,North Carolina. Board members present were Leland Park, Shir-ley McLaughlin, Mary Avery, Robert Bland, Rebecca Ballentine,Mertys Bell, Jane Williams, Benjamin Speller, Robert Burgin,Karen Perry, Patsy Hansel, Judith Sutton, Emily Boyce, EuniceDrum, Jerry Thrasher, Dorothy Burnley, and Judie Davie. Alsopresent were Gene Lanier, Louise Boone, Arial Stephens, MargeLindsey, Gary Barefoot, and Helen Tugwell.President Park called the meeting to order. He recognizedrepresentatives from the Radisson Hotel, who welcomed thegroup to High Point and spoke briefly about the facilities andservices of the hotel. President Park welcomed Mary Avery, newchairperson of the Junior College Section, to the board. He alsorecognized Immediate Past President Mertys Bell and congratu-lated her on her recent retirement as dean, Learning Resources,Guilford Technical Community College.~The minutes of the April 6, 1984, meeting of the ExecutiveBoard were presented for Secretary Roberta Williams by ActingSecretary Shirley McLaughlin. Two corrections were noted:a. Page 2, paragraph three. Name of the headquarters hotelfor the 1985 NCLA Biennial Conference is the Radisson Hotel inRaleigh.b. Page 7, last paragraph. Correct spelling of Jim McKeeTslast name.The minutes were then approved as corrected.President Park stated that dates and sites for meetings ofthe NCLA Executive Board for 1985 are presently under consid-eration and will be announced soon. He asked that boardmembers let him know as soon as possible of any conflicts, spe-cial events, or personal commitments which should be consid-ered in scheduling the meetings.President Park reminded everyone of the form sent to allsection and committee chairmen by Vice President/President-Elect Pauline Myrick requesting dates, times, space needs, andplans for section and committee meetings and programs at the46th Biennial Conference to be held in Raleigh October 1-5,1985. This information is needed no later than February 1, 1985,in order for the Conference Planning Committee to work outscheduling and room arrangement details.President Park stated that Governor Hunt has declaredAugust 1984 as oAdult Literacy Awareness Month.� A kick-offdinner will be held in Raleigh at the Radisson Hotel on August 8.Board members were invited to represent NCLA at this event.President Park reported that reaction to the Spring Work-shop held in Greensboro on April 7 was generally favorable. Theone-day format seemed to work well, and participation wasgood.Eunice Drum gave the treasurerTs report and distributedcopies to all board members.President Park pointed out that NCLATs complete mailinglist has been sold to the Virginia Library Association for a chargeof $50.00. He also called the boardTs attention to the need foradditional funds in the budget for office expenses. Robert Bur-gin moved that the board authorize an overexpenditure in theExecutive Office Expense Account up to $1,000, provided thatfunds are available within the overall budget. This motion wasseconded and passed.The President announced that the Finance Committee willmeet on Thursday, July 26, at the State Library in Raleigh. Heshared with the board an invitation from Bob Pollard, commit-tee chairman, stating that all interested board members wouldbe welcome to attend this meeting.Arial Stephens reported on plans for the 1985 Biennial Con-ference. He urged all committee and section chairpersons tosend in their requests for space, time, and choice of dates formeetings as soon as possible.Robert Burgin, editor of North Carolina Libraries, reportedthat the summer 1984 issue is being printed and should bemailed within the next week. The fall issue will focus on chil-drenTs programming. Burgin also stated that he hopes to continueto serve as editor of North Carolina Libraries while assuminghis new duties as a lecturer in the School of Library Science atNorth Carolina Central University in Durham and as a doctoralstudent in the School of Library Science at UNC-Chapel Hill.Louise Boone, chair of the Governmental Relations Commit-tee, reported that North Carolina libraries were represented bya contingent of seventeen persons at Legislative Day on April 10in Washington. The group visited the offices of the North Caro-lina congressional delegation to discuss issues and concerns oflibrarians and libraries. A major concern was the federal legisla-tion regarding deregulation of AT&T and the accompanying risein telephone charges, access line fees, and FCC regulationsregarding use and cost of lines and equipment. Such rising costsare already having a tremendous impact on library budgetsthroughout the United States. Chairperson Boone stated that alllibrarians need to make their concerns known and that legisla-tors should be urged to adopt legislation that would exemptlibraries from these added charges. President Park agreed tosend a mailing to NCLA sections and committees requestinginformation and input on the effect of added telephone chargeson the budgets of North Carolina libraries.Dr. Gene Lanier, chair of the Committee on IntellectualFreedom, reported on recent incidents involving censorship inNorth Carolina libraries. He announced that September 8-15 willbe oBanned Book Week� in the United States and urged the par-ticipation of North Carolina libraries and librarians in this event.Dr. Lanier also announced that the North Carolina Chapter ofCitizens for the American Way has provided funding for a forumseries on censorship and controversial issues. Four meetings arecurrently planned for the following dates and locations: July 31,Winston-Salem; September 6, Asheville; September 13, Green-ville; October 4, Durham. Dr. Lanier distributed copies of pro-posed legislation regarding the confidentiality of patron recordsin North Carolina libraries for members of the board to review.Emily Boyce announced that Dr. Lanier had received the 1984Immroth Intellectual Freedom Award at the ALA Annual Con-ference in Dallas in June. The board extended its congratula-tions to Dr. Lanier on winning this award.1984 Winter"207

NCLA Minutes and ReportsThe report of the Membership Committee was given by 2ndVice-President Jane Williams. She reported that 2,000 copies ofthe recently revised NCLA membership brochure have beenprinted and made available to the treasurer and to the Member-ship Committee for distribution. She also asked the boardTsadvice regarding the printing of a message on the brochuresnotifying members of their option to be excluded from the NCLAmailing list when it is made available to private and/or commer-cial distributors. The board agreed that the Membership Com-mittee should include this message on the next printing of thebrochure.Emily Boyce, NCLA representative to ALA, reported on the103rd annual ALA Conference in Dallas on June 23-27, 1984.North Carolina was well represented at this conference. Dr. Les-ter Asheim was recognized by the association with the presenta-tion of an honorary membership. Dr. Gene Lanier received theImmroth Memorial Award from the Intellectual FreedomRoundtable. Edith Briles, chair of the NCASL Committee onSchool Library Media Day, presented a program on this projectduring the conference. Friends of North Carolina Librariesreceived the Friends of Libraries, USA, award in recognition oftheir accomplishments in organizing state workshops and pro-grams dealing with legislative library-related activities.Some discussion followed regarding the scheduling of ALAannual conferences for July 1985 and June 1986, requiringbudgeting of travel funds for two annual conferences within onebudget year. The possibility of planning a reception for NorthCarolina representatives at future SELA and ALA conferenceswas also discussed. President Park asked Rebecca Ballentine,SELA representative, and Emily Boyce, ALA representative, todiscuss this matter and recommend some plans at a later date.The NCASL report was given by Dr. Judie Davie. PaulineMyrick and Judie Davie represented NCASL at Legislative Dayactivities in Washington on April 10. School Library Media Daywas celebrated throughout North Carolina on Wednesday, April11, during the week-long celebration of National Library Week.The executive committee of NCASL met on May 25 and drafted aresolution concerning the AASL future structure report and thewriting of national standards. The Executive Committee ofNCASL met on May 25 and drafted a resolution concerning theAASL future structure report and the writing of national stan-dards. The Executive Committee voted to withhold financialassistance for the standards project until questions concerningexpenditures and revenues were answered. The Ad Hoc Com-mittee on Committees, chaired by Arabelle Fedora, has revisedguidelines for policies and procedures for the Awards and Scho-larship, Budget, and Standards Committees. Wilma Bates ofGreensboro was appointed chair of the Awards and ScholarshipCommittee; Emily Boyce was appointed chair of the StandardsCommittee. The 1984 AASL affiliate assembly forwarded resolu-tions in support of AASL remaining a part of ALA to the Execu-tive Board of the Affiliate Assembly for action. Dr. Davieannounced that Jane Belsches from Carrboro had received oneof two G. P. Putnam grants awarded to a school librarian attend-ing a first national conference at the ALA conference in Dallas,NCASL representatives will participate in the workshop foryouth services coordinators in Raleigh on August 20 and theAASL Atlanta conference in November 1984. Dr. Davie alsoreported on plans for the 1984 Biennial NCASL Work Confer-ence to be held in Raleigh October 4-5.Karen Perry reported on activities of the ChildrenTs ServicesSection. Two ad hoc committees, Standards and Book Award,were appointed and approved by the Executive Committee at ameeting in Raleigh on March 21. The Program Committee isplanning a program to be presented during the NCASL WorkConference in Raleigh October 4-5. This committee has alsobegun plans for the NCLA 1985 Biennial Conference program.208"North Carolina LibrariesThe report for the Resources and Technical Services Sectionwas given by Benjamin F. Speller, Jr., chair. This section willsponsor a mini-conference on oThe Changing Role of the Techni-cal Services Librarian� at the Whispering Pines Country Club onSeptember 26-27. The Section has obtained LSCA Title III fundsto support this conference.Robert Bland, chair, College and University Libraries Sec-tion, reported that ninety-two people attended the SectionTsWorkshop on oThe Library and Its Campus Community:Partners in Academic Excellence,� which was held June 15 onthe campus of Meredith College in Raleigh. The section is alsomaking plans with the Junior College Section to co-sponsor aprogram or workshop on automation and the small library.The report of Emily Correll, chair, Documents Section, wasread by Shirley McLaughlin. This section plans to sponsor aworkshop in Durham on October 19 with Raymond Greeneand Michael Crowell discussing the role their departments playin the distribution of information in the state. The Committee onthe State Documents Depository is working toward changes inthe current ineffective state depository law. This problem willalso be submitted to Louise Boone and the Governmental Rela-tions Committee.Mary Avery, chair, Junior College Section, reported that bal-lots have been mailed to the section membership regarding aproposed name change to more accurately reflect the types ofinstitutions represented by the membership. The results of thissurvey will be presented to the Constitution, Codes and Hand-book Revision Committee for its recommendation.Patsy Hansel, chair, Round Table on the Status of Women inLibrarianship, reported on the successful funding of $600,000 inthe state budget for a study of state personnel positions todetermine areas of inequity in job classifications. This projectwas supported by the RTSWL Executive Board. Ms. Hansel alsoreported that initial response to the workshop, oThe Good, TheBad, The Ugly: Documenting Employee Performance,� plannedfor July 26-27 in Winston-Salem, was very favorable, withapproximately fifty persons registered thus far.Mary Williams, chair, Round Table for Ethnic Minority Con-cerns, reported on plans for a workshop, oPromoting Oneself inthe Field of Librarianship,� to be held October 5 at Shaw Univer-sity in Raleigh. tRebecca Ballentine, SELA representative, reported on plansfor a conference, oAccess to Information: A YouthTs Right"ACommunityTs Responsibility,� to be held at the Florida State Uni-versity Conference Center, July 29-August 1. She also reviewedpre-conference and conference program highlights for the SELABiennial Conference to be held October 17-19 at Biloxi, Missis-sippi. After some discussion regarding travel fares to Biloxi, Ms.Ballentine offered to check into the possibility of NCLA groupbus or plane rates to the conference,Other reports were presented by Judith Sutton (PublicLibraries), Dorothy Burnley (Trustees) and Arial Stephens(Networking).Judie Davie invited the Executive Board members to attendthe NCASL Biennial Workshop in October. She also expressedthe desire of this section to remain a part of NCLA.Jane Williams reminded the board that LSCA funds areavailable to fund workshops. She distributed copies of guidelinesfor application and use of such funds.Arial Stephens discussed plans and arrangements for theOctober 12 meeting of the Executive Board, which will be held inOxford at the Richard H. Thornton Library.There being no further business, the meeting adjourned.Shirley McLaughlin, Acting SecretaryRoberta S. Williams, Secretary

ChildrenTs Services SectionThe Executive Board of the section has not met during thisquarter. The next meeting is planned for July 30 in Fayettevilleat the Cumberland County Public Library.All Executive Board appointments had been made by thechair during this quarter, with the addition of Maryjane Carbo(ChildrenTs Librarian in Franklin County) as chairman of theBylaws Committee. However, resignations were received fromDot Guthrie (Gaston County Public Library) in an elected posi-tion as director and from Nina Lyon (ChildrenTs Coordinator ofCharlotte:Mecklenburg Public Library) as chairman of the adhoc Committee on Standards. Also, Kathy Woodrell, past-chairand a member of the board, moved out of state. This leaves ourboard with two vacancies at this time and a vacancy in an adhoc committee for this biennium.The Program Committee has been notified that there will bean opportunity for a program at the NCASL Work Conference,Oct. 4-5, and they are working on the contents of this program.They have also begun plans for the NCLA biennial conferenceprogram. A money-making project to help finance the confer-ence program is being investigated by the section chair.Karen Perry, ChairDocuments SectionThe Executive Board of the Documents Section met May 21,1984, in Winston-Salem to discuss plans for the fall workshop/business meeting. The meeting will be in Durham, October 19,with Raymond Greene and Michael Crowell discussing the roletheir departments play in the distribution of information in thestate.The Committee on the State Documents Depository is undera new chair, Pat Langelier of UNC, and is working towardchanges in the current ineffective state depository law. We shallbe submitting this problem to Louise Boone and the Govern-mental Relations Committee.Because the Documents Section chairTs term of office is oneyear, the current vice-chair, Stuart Basefsky, will be attendingthe next meetings.Emily Correll, ChairJunior College SectionOn June 20, Andrea Brown turned the Junior College Sec-tion chairmanship over to Mary Avery, vice-chairman/chair-man-elect for 1983-85. Andrea is moving to Richmond, Virginia.Correspondence with Mae Tucker, chairman of the Consti-tution, Codes, and Handbook Revision Committee, gave the sec-tion guidelines for a change in the constitution. The section isseeking a name change. The Junior College Board feels the nameoJunior College� does not properly reflect the type of institutionsthat the membership of the secion are associated with. Twopossible choices are Two-Year College Section and Communityand Junior College Section.Due to the fact that we are not sure how our membershipwill vote, the section is not ready at this time to submit our finalproposal. The membership has received ballots, and they are tobe returned by July 27, 1984. By the next Executive Board meet-ing, the section will have the new name submitted to the Consti-tution, Codes, and Handbook Revision Committee for arecommendation to the Executive Board of North CarolinaLibrary Association.NCLA Minutes and ReportsThe section is also pursuing the possibility of sponsoring aworkshop with the College and University Section in late winter.Mary Avery, ChairNorth Carolina Association of School LibrariansDuring the second quarter of 1984, NCASL has been activein local, state, and national events concerning school librarymedia coordinators and school library media programs. OnApril 10, 1984, Pauline Myrick and Judie Davie representedNCASL during Legislative Day activities in Washington.School Library Media Day was celebrated throughout thestate on Wednesday, April 11. Numerous individual schools andsystems were involved in week-long activities for NationalLibrary Week with highlights on School Library Media Day. Bal-loons were launched; open houses were held; contests were won,authors, illustrators, and storytellers shared their talents. Eval-uations from almost 400 individuals provided feedback forplanning and implementing School Library Media Day, 1985.Details of School Library Media Day were shared by Edith Brilesat the National Library Week Committee program in Dallas onJune 22; a poster session was presented in Dallas on June 23.The Executive Committee of NCASL met on May 25 to dis-cuss and direct activities of the association, particularly thecontent of resolutions for the 1984 AASL Affiliate Assembly.Resolutions concerning the AASL future structure report andthe writing of national standards were drafted. The ExecutiveCommittee voted to withhold financial assistance for the stan-dards project until questions concerning expenditures andrevenue were answered.The report from the Ad Hoc Committee on Committees,chaired by Arabelle Fedora, provided revised guidelines for poli-cies and procedures for the Awards and Scholarship, Budget,and Standards Committees. Wilma Bates of Greensboro wasappointed chair of the Awards and Scholarship Committee;Emily Boyce was appointed chair of the Standards Committee.At the 1984 AASL Affiliate Assembly, delegates were briefedon a preliminary report of the survey of members and non-members regarding the future of AASL. Numerous affiliatesbrought resolutions in support of AASL remaining a part of ALAbut addressing the need to improve communication within ALAand to support a stronger federated structure within ALA.These resolutions and others were consolidated, approved, andforwarded to the Executive Board of the Affiliate Assembly foraction.NCASL was well represented at the ALA Conference in Dal-las with building level and system level school library mediacoordinators. Jane Belsches from Carrboro received one of thetwo G. P. Putnam grants awarded to a school librarian attendinga first national conference, She was recognized at the Newbery-Caldecott banquet and the ALSC Membership meeting.NCASL has been invited to present the activities of SchoolLibrary Media Day at the workshop for youth services coordina-~ tors in Raleigh on August 20.At the AASL Atlanta conference in November 1984, NCASLwill be a part of the program session on school library mediacelebrations with a slide presentation of the planning, imple-mentation, and evaluation of School Library Media Day, 1984.Plans continue for the 1984 Biennial Work Conference,oLibrary Media Services: Practical and Political,� in Raleigh,October 4-5. Concurrent sessions, a media fair, exhibits, authorvisits, and a preconference for library media supervisors aresome of the events. Pre-registration and NCLA/NCASL member-ship information will be available at the SDPI Regional Work-shops in August.1984 Winter"209

NCLA Minutes and ReportsAs the halfway mark of the biennium approaches, NCASLStrives to contribute to the excellence in school library mediaprograms and school library media coordinators.Resources and Technical Services SectionThe Resources and Technical Services SectionTs ExecutiveCommittee met on April 27, 1984, at the UNC-Chapel Hill HealthSciences Library and on July 13, 1984, at the New HanoverCounty Public Library, Wilmington, North Carolina. The majorfocus of these two meetings was the development of the pro-gram for the mini-conference on oThe Changing Role of TheTechnical Services Librarian,� which will be held at the Whisper-ing Pines Country Club in Whispering Pines, North Carolina,September 26 and 27, 1984. These two meetings resulted in:1. The preparation of an LSCA, Title III, proposal tosupport the conference. The proposal was funded by the Divi-sion of State Library, North Carolina Department of CulturalResources.2. A tentative schedule for the mini-conference. A copy ofthe brochure, which includes the program and an advance reg-istration form for the conference and rooms, will be mailed toNCLA members as near to July 30 as possible. The registrationfee for the conference is $20.The chair attended a meeting of the Planning and ResearchCommittee of the Resources and Technical Services Division(RTSD) of ALA at Dallas. The proposed name change, Associa-tion for Libraries Resources and Technical Services, did notreceive the necessary two-thirds majority. This committee hasdiscovered significant overlap in the activities of committeesand round tables of RTSD and of the Library and InformationTechnology Association (LITA),Benjamin F. Speller, Jr., ChairRound Table for Ethnic Minority ConcernsAugust 27, 1984, Round Table Executive Board Meeting. TheJoyner Library at East Carolina University hosted our meetingalong with a mini-session of invited guests and librarians. Aworkshop entitled oMicrocomputers " Library Uses� was con-ducted by Dr. Veronica S. Pantelidis, associate professor atECU's Department of Library Science. She brought with her amicrocomputer system and many programs accessible forimmediate reproduction for those in attendance.On July 19, we met at St. MaryTs College to finalize plans forthe October 5 workshop.On Friday, October 5, 1984, at Shaw UniversityTs Library,the workshop, oPromoting Oneself in the Field of Librarianship,�will begin at 9:30.Benjamin F. Speller, Jr., acting dean at North Carolina Cen-tral University, will present oNetworking and Mentoring: TheImpact of Cross-Generational Experiences in the Career Devel-opment of Ethnic Minority Librarians.�After lunch, there will be a panel discussion: oHow toDevelop a Career Pattern: Steps to Take.� Four librarians will befeatured, each representing the profession in four different set-tings.Our next newsletter will appear in September.Mary P. Williams, ChairRound Table on the Status of Women in LibrarianshipThe round tableTs two primary projects for this quarterwere to plan a workshop on personnel documentation and to do210"North Carolina Librarieswhat we could in support of the pay equity effort in the legisla-ture.On May 16, State Senator Wilma Woodard met with theRTSWL Executive Board to brief us about the plan to request$600,000 in the state budget for a study of state personnel posi-tions to determine areas of inequity in job classifications. TheExecutive Board pledged their support to this effort, and wewere pleased to note that the $600,000 did make it through thebudget process.oThe Good, The Bad, The Ugly: Documenting Employee Per-formance� is scheduled for July 26 and 27 in Winston-Salem. AnLSCA grant enabled RTSWL to have the funds to do a bulkmailing of the workshop brochures to all NCLA members, andresponse was immediate and enthusiastic. The workshops fiftyplaces should be filled this week. We will report at the nextExecutive Board meeting about the success of this workshop.Patsy J. HanselGovernmental Relations CommitteeWashington Legislative Day 1984 fell on April 10; most ofthe library delegation was in the Washington area by the eveningof April 9.Information packets for congressmen were picked up at theALA office late in the afternoon of the 9th, and that eveninginformation material from sections of NCLA was added to thepackets.The day, April 10, began with a briefing session at 8:00 in theRayburn House Office Building. Following the briefing, twoteams were formed more or less along east-west lines, and theyadvanced to their first 10:00 appointments. Both teams met at3:00 for the final appointment in the office of Representative JimMartin back in the Rayburn Office Building.The wrap-up session at 3:30 was filled with reports of a verysuccessful day. The usual congressional reception, hosted by theALA Washington Office and the District of Columbia LibraryAssociation, began at 5:00 in the Rayburn Building.North Carolina congressmen seen during the day were IkeAndrews, Stephen Neal, Tim Valentine, Robin Britt, and JimMartin.NCLA delegates and members who went to Washingtonwere William Bridgman, Dr. Judie Davie, Beverley Gass, HenryHall, Artemis Kares, J. A. Killian, David McKay, Nancy Massey,Pauline Myrick, Dr. Leland Park, Dr. Benjamin Speller, Arial Ste-phens, Judith Sutton, Jerry Thrasher, Jane Williams, Dr. KiethWright, and Louise Boone. Dr, Ben Speller had the customarygroup of library school students from North Carolina CentralUniversity present.The North Carolina delegation seemed to reflect an evenmore positive outlook than last year. This upbeat attitude wasfelt all through the wrap-up session and the reception. However,when we approach matters of appropriations, much real workremains to be done.Louise V. Boone, ChairMembership CommitteeThe major accomplishment this quarter was the revisionand reprinting of the NCLA brochure to include the RoundTable for Ethnic Minority concerns and to change the list ofcommittees, the treasurerTs name and address, and the dues forthe various categories of membership. Costs to the associationwere $36.40 for typesetting and $177.06 for printing 2,000 copiesof the brochure; total costs were $213.46. Several hundred bro-

chures have already been given to the Membership Committeeand the NCLA treasurer for distribution.The committee did not meet this quarter. Members didreceive copies of the new brochure and the printout of NCLATsinstitutional members.Jane Williams, ChairSELA ReportThe conference on oAccess to Information: A YouthTs Right"A Community's Responsibility� will be held at the Florida StateUniversity Conference Center, July 29-August 1. The conferenceis aimed at those who are responsible for providing informationfor children and young adults in school and public libraries.Registration may be made by telephone no later than Monday,July 23. The Conference Center registrarTs number is 904/644-3801 or 6281. Gerald Hodges of UNC-G will be one of the libraryexperts who will speak at the conference. A CEU certificate for1.6 units will be awarded to those who attend.The SELA Biennial Conference, sponsored with the Missis-sippi Library Association, will take place at the Mississippi CoastConvention Center at Biloxi, October 17-19. Preconference pro-grams include a PR institute, oGetting on the Air,� for October15-16; a program on productive management of time on October16, sponsored by the SELA Special Library Section; and a pro-gram on oSelection of Microcomputer Software for the Work-place� on October 16. MLA and the Mississippi ArchivistsConservation Committee will present a program on oDisasterPlanning� on October 16.Studs Terkel will be speaker at the First General Session.Other speakers will be Donald H. Peterson, NASA astronaut; JimTrelease, author of the Read Aloud Handbook, who will addressthe problem of declining literacy; and John Maxwell, who willpresent a one-man show in two acts, oOh, Mr. Faulkner, Do YouWrite?�Program highlights will include a program on oThe LibraryConsultant Relationship: How to Select, Employ, and Use a Con-sultant.� Bill Corbin of Peabody College will discuss oThe Compu-ter in User Instruction.� Dr. David Mathews, president ofKettering Foundation, will speak on oProgramming for theChanging Role of Public Libraries.� There will be a program onoSelection and Evaluation of Instructional Microcomputer Soft-ware.�If you are not a member of SELA but would like to receive aconference registration packet, write to Kay Miller, Chair, Con-ference Committee, University of Southern Mississippi, SouthernStation, Box 5053, Hattiesburg, Miss. 39406-5053. Packets will bemailed to the membership next week. Republic Airlines (1-800-328-1111) is giving a conference travel discount. If you plan todrive to the conference, write to Mississippi Travel Ticket (ar),Box 22825, SL 484, Jackson, Miss 39205) for discounts on food,accommodations, shopping, and entertainment. The Mississippitravel ticket is available to all Mississippi welcome centers andat the Mississippi Pavilion at the 1984 Worlds Fair at NewOrleans.The Executive Committee met earlier this week and willpropose at the Biennial Conference the name of a candidate forthe position of SELA executive secretary.Rebecca BallentineNCLA Minutes and ReportsPreservation ConferenceThe LibrariansT Association of the Universityof North Carolina at Chapel Hill will sponsor itsninth annual spring conference on March 4 and 5,1985.The topic of this yearTs conference will beoPreservation in the 80s.� The conference willcover many aspects of library preservation,including causes of deterioration, collection man-agement, administration of preservation pro-grams, and cooperative solutions.This yearTs speakers will include the follow-ing: Carolyn Morrow, Library of Congress; CarolynHarris, Columbia University (CRL Intern at theUniversity of Georgia); Paul Koda, School ofLibrary and Information Science, Catholic Uni-versity; John Finzi, Library of Congress; MargaretChild, Smithsonian Libraries; and representativesfrom SOLINET and the Preservation Office of theLibrary of Congress.Registration is $20.00 (members), $25.00(nonmembers), and $10.00 (retired librarians andstudents). For further information, write or callCarson Holloway, BA/SS, Davis Library 080A,University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC27514; telephone (919) 962-1151.REGIONALLOCAL HISTORYGENEALOGYPUBLISHERS and BOOKSELLERS ofreprints and originals ... Regional andCounty History, Genealogical sourcematerial, Colonial Americana, Revolu-tionary and Civil War materialPrimary emphasis on Southeastern states. Publications of the South CarolinaHistorical Society and North CarolinaGenealogical Society. Write for completecatalogue.Thomas E. SmithPublisherTHE REPRINT COMPANY, PUBLISHERSPost Office Box 5401Spartanburg, S.C. 293041984 Winter"211

PresidentLELAND M. PARKDavidson College LibraryDavidson, NC 28036(704) 892-2000 Ext. 331First Vice-President/President-ElectPAULINE F. MYRICKMoore County SchoolsBox 307Carthage, NC 28327(919) 947-2976Second Vice-PresidentM. JANE WILLIAMSDivision of State Library109 East Jones StreetRaleigh, NC 27611(919) 733-2570SecretaryROBERTA S. WILLIAMSTransylvania County Library105 South Broad StreetBrevard, NC 28712(704) 884-3151TreasurerEUNICE P. DRUMBox 40034Raleigh, NC 27604(919) 733-4488DirectorSHIRLEY B. MCLAUGHLINAsheville-Buncombe TechnicalCollege340 Victoria RoadAsheville, NC 28801(704) 254-1921 Ext. 300DirectorJERRY A. THRASHERCumberland County PublicLibraryBox 1720Fayetteville, NC 28302(919) 483-1580Past PresidentMERTYS W. BELL5608 Scotland RoadGreensboro, NC 27407ALA RepresentativeEMILY BOYCEDepartment of Library ScienceEast Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC 27834(919) 757-6621212"North Carolina LibrariesNCLA EXECUTIVE BOARD1983-85SELA RepresentativeREBECCA S. BALLENTINEInstitute of GovernmentUNC-Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC 27514(919) 966-4130Editor, North CarolinaLibrariesROBERT BURGINSchool of Library ScienceNorth Carolina CentralUniversityDurham, NC 27707(919) 683-6485SECTION/ROUND TABLE CHAIRSChildrenTs ServicesKAREN M. PERRYArchdale-Trinity Middle SchoolBox 232Trinity, NC 27370(919) 431-6714College and UniversityROBERT N. BLANDRamsey LibraryUNC-Asheville, NC 28814(704) 258-6543Community and JuniorCollege LibrariesMARY AVERYLearning Resources CenterRowan Technical CollegeBox 1595Salisbury, NC 28144(704) 637-0760DocumentsSTUART BASEFSKYDuke University LibraryDurham, NC 27606(919) 684-2373Junior Members Round tableVIVIAN W. BEECHNew Hanover County PublicLibrary201 Chestnut StreetWilmington, NC 28403(919) 763-3303N.C. Association of SchoolLibrariansJUDIE DAVIEDepartment of Library Science/Educational TechnologyUNC-GreensboroGreensboro, NC 27412(919) 379-5100 Ext. 63Public LibraryJUDITH K. SUTTONPublic Library of Charlotteand Mecklenburg County310 North Tryon StreetCharlotte, NC 28202(704) 336-2660Reference and Adult ServicesLARRY BARRDepartment of Library andMedia StudiesAppalachian State UniversityBoone, NC 28608(704) 262-2243Resources and Technical ServicesBENJAMIN F. SPELLER, JR.School of Library ScienceNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurham, NC 27707(919) 683-6485Round Table for Ethnic MinorityConcernsMARY P. WILLIAMSJ. Y. Joyner LibraryEast Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC 27834(919) 757-6691Round Table on the Status ofWomen in LibrarianshipPATSY J. HANSELCumberland County PublicLibraryBox 1720Fayetteville, NC 28302(919) 483-8600TrusteesDOROTHY R. BURNLEY508 Ashe StreetHigh Point, NC 27260(919) 733-4838

Akers, Susan Grey. obit. pic. 37Alford, Larry. The Walter R. Davis.Library. 78-84American Library Association.Conference report. 156-157Legislative Day. pic. 77Midwinter Conference report. 96-97Angley, Wilson. See Book Reviews(Wilkinson).Anthony, Jr., Robert G. See Book Reviews(Johnson).Ashcroft, Allen. pic. 79Asheim, Lester. pic. 174Ballinger, Susan. See Book Reviews(Brady) (Miller).Barclay, Morgan J. See Book Reviews(Simpson).Barry, Coyla. See Book Reviews(Portfolio 1983 ...) (Portfolio 1984 ...)Beagle, Donald. I & R and public librarymanagement. 181-184Berkley, Anne Bond. See Book Reviews(Koepke)Beta Phi Mu. Spring meeting. 39Bibliographies.The black experience... twenty-sixadventures in reading, by SylviaSprinkle-Hamlin and Satia MarshallOrange. 123-126Book Reviews.Adcock, Betty. Nettles. Reviewed byNancy Shires. 200-201Applewhite, James. Foreseeing thejourney: poems by JamesApplewhite. Reviewed by Emily S.Walker. 32Barrier, Smith. On Tobacco Road:basketball in North Carolina.Reviewed by Stephen E. Massengill.147Berger, Brian F. Thomas Wolfe: the finaljourney. Reviewed by Jerry W.Cotten. 147-148Bledsoe, Jerry. Carolina curiosities: JerryBledsoeTs outlandish guide to thedadblamedest things to see and doin North Carolina. Reviewed byBecky Kornegay. 149Brady, Maureen. Folly. Reviewed bySusan Ballinger. 148-149Censer, Jane Turner. North Carolinaplanters and their children, 1800-1860. Reviewed by William S. Powell.202-203Chavis, Benjamin F. Psalms from prison.Reviewed by Jon Michael Spencer.149-150Come when the timber turns. 33Index toNorth Carolina LibrariesVolume XLI, 1984Corey, Jane. Exploring the seacoast ofNorth Carolina. 204Crow, Mr. and Mrs. Judson O. McDowellCounty, North Carolina, land entryabstracts. 34Crow, Vernon H. Storm in themountains: ThomasT Confederatelegion of Cherokee Indians andmountaineers. Reviewed by John C.Inscoe. 85-86Dentler, Robert A., Catherine Baltzell,and Daniel J. Sullivan. University ontrial: the case of the University ofNorth Carolina . Reviewed byEdward Waller. 88-89Evans, Elizabeth, Thomas Wolfe.Reviewed by Frances A. Weaver. 201Fouts, Raymond Parker. Marriages ofBertie County ... 1762-1868. 34Hancock, G. Nicholas. Guide to theUwharrie Trail in the UwharrieNational Forest in Randolph andMontgomery Counties. 33-34Harrington, J.C. Archaeology and theenigma of Fort Raleigh. Reviewed byJulia S. Hesson. 150-151Hatley, Joe M., and Linda B. Huffman,eds. Letters of William F. Wagner,Confederate soldier. Reviewed byEverard H. Smith. 87-88Heffernan, Thomas. City renewing itself.Reviewed by Coyla McCullough. 151.Holcomb, Brent H., comp. Marriages ofBertie County ... 1762-1868. 34Holcomb, Brent H., comp. Marriages ofGranville County ... 1753"1868. 34Holcomb, Brent H., comp. Marriages ofOrange County ... 1779-1868. 34Holcomb, Brent H., comp. Marriages ofRowan County ... 1753-1868. 34Holcomb, Brent H., comp. Marriages ofWilkes County ... 1778-1868. 34Hulton, Paul. America 1585: thecomplete drawings of John White.Reviewed by Alice R. Cotten. 203Hurmence, Belinda. Tancy. Reviewed byYvonne Hardy. 201-202Johnson, Gerald W. South-watching:selected essays by Gerald W.Johnson. Reviewed by Robert G.Anthony, Jr. 31Jones, H.G. North Carolina illustrated,1524-1984. Reviewed by Robert L.Byrd. 27-28Jordan, Suzanne Britt. Show and tell. 34Kerr, Mary Hinton (Duke). WarrenCounty N.C., records, volume I:abstracted records of colonial ButeCounty, N.C., 1764-1779, and ButeCounty marriages. 34King, Henry. The witch of Morgantonand other fascinating folks: aselection of stories about memorableTar Heels. Reviewed by Elizabeth J.+Laney. 33Koepke, Paul. Two-moon pond. Reviewedby Anne Bond Berkley. 32-33Kupperman, Karen Ordahl. Roanoke: theabandoned colony. Reviewed byJulia S. Hesson. 198-199McCall, Marguerite. And roofs needpatching. Reviewed by Julie WhiteSanders. 88McCorkle, Jill. The cheer leader: a novel.Reviewed by Julie White Sanders.198Marsh, Carole. The mystery of the lostcolony. Reviewed by Jane Wade. 90-91Miller, Heather Ross. AdamTs first wife.Reviewed by Susan Ballinger. 86Miller, Helen Hill. Passage to America:RaleighTs colonists take ship forRoanoke. Reviewed by Michael G.Martin, Jr. 151-152Mitchell, Thornton, W. The State Libraryand library development in NorthCarolina. Reviewed by Betty I.Young. 30-31Montgomery, Lizzie Watson. Sketches ofold Warrenton, North Carolina. 204Newlin, Algie I. Friends oat the spring�: ahistory of spring monthly meeting.204Newton, Suzanne. | will call it GeorgieTsblues. Reviewed by Diana Young. 28-29North Carolina taxpayers, 1701-1786.204Pearce, T.H., and Selby A. Daniels, eds.Diary of Captain Henry A.Chambers. Reviewed by Everard H.Smith. 87-88Perkinson, P.H., and L.C. Johnson, comp.North Carolina post office catalog:alphabetical. Reviewed by H.G.Jones. 152Perkinson, P.H., and L.C. Johnson, comp.North Carolina post office catalog:by counties. Reviewed by H.G. Jones.152Phillips, Robert B. One of GodTs childrenin Toe River Valley. Reviewed by EricJ. Olson. 33Portfolio 1983: a collection of awardwinning North Carolina poetry.Reviewed by Coyla Barry. 203Portfolio 1984: a collection of awardwinning North Carolina poetry.Reviewed by Coyla Barry. 2031984 Winter"213

Prather, H. Leon, Sr. We have taken thecity: Wilmington racial massacreand coup of 1898. Reviewed byMichael Hill. 200Simpson, Bob. When the water smokes: aPeltier Creek chronicle. Reviewed byMorgan J. Barclay. 32Smith, Stephen E., comp. and ed. NorthCarolina poetry: the eighties.Reviewed by Tucker Respess. 28Stick, David. Roanoke Island: thebeginnings of English America.Reviewed by Donald R. Lennon. 89-90Surratt, Jerry L. Gottlieb Schober ofSalem: discipleship and ecumenicalvision in an early Moravian town.Reviewed by Samon D. Hickey. 29Thomas, Maud. Away down home: ahistory of Robeson County, NorthCarolina. Reviewed by Maurice C.York. 86-87Topkins, Robert M. Marriage and deathnotices from extant Asheville, N.C.,newspapers, 1840-1870: an index, 34Topkins, Robert M. Marriage and deathnotices from the Western Carolinian(Salisbury, North Carolina), 1820-1842: an indexed abstract. 34Wilkinson, Sylvia. Dirt tracks to glory: theearly days of stock car racing as toldby the participants. Reviewed byWilson Angley. 199-200Wilson, Emily Herrrick. Hope and dignity:older black women of the south.Reviewed by Joan M. Spencer. 29Young, Claiborne S. Cruising guide tocoastal North Carolina. Reviewed byArlene Hanerfeld. 30Boone, Louise. pic. 77Boyce, Emily. Appointed to StateElementary Committee of the South-ern Association of Colleges andSchools. 37Bridgman, William. pic. 77Burgman, Carolyne C. Humblebeginnings; lessons in computerutilization. 118-120Byrd, Robert L. See Book Reviews(Jones).Calio, Teresa. See Scism, Nancy.Carpenter, Jennifer. Microcomputers inpublic libraries for public access: asurvey. 185-190Charles H. Stone Memorial Library, PilotMountain. Dedicated. 38Cotten Alice R. See Book Reviews(Hulton).Cotten, Alice R., comp. New NorthCarolina books. 27-34, 85-91, 147-152,198-204Cotten, Jerry W. See Book Reviews(Berger).Cutler, Lucy. Authors in schools, 121-122Day, Roy E. C. Appointed director ofRoanoke Rapids Public Library. 36214"North Carolina LibrariesDeathsAkers, Susan Grey. d. 1/30/84, 37Disaster Preparedness guide. 40DocumentsLess access to less information byand about the U.S. government. 143-146Drum, Eunice P., Joel Sigmon, andDenise Sigmon. The State Library andLAMBDA. 61-65East Carolina University, Greenville.Department of Library Science. Holdswinter workshops. 37-38Eisenbeis, Kathleen. Visits Luxembourglibrary. 39Forsyth County Public Library, Winston-Salem.Clemmons Branch Library. pics. 195-197Holds problem patron workshop. 38Fowler, Bonnie, and Sue Williams.Introduction. 105Frankle, Raymond A., K. Randall May,Wilson M. Stahl, and David J.Zaehringer. Acquiring an on-linesystem for an academic library. 170-180.Franklin County Library. Bunn Branch.Dedicated. 38Gerhardt, Lillian. pic. 14Govern, Jim. The Clemmons BranchLibrary. 195-197Graham, Deneen. pics. 91, 133Grove, Marcia. Receives CumberlandCounty Public Library EmployeeExtraordinaire Award. 36-37Guilford Reference Librarians RoundTable. Initial meeting. 39-40Hall, Henry. pic. 77Hanerfeld, Arlene. See Book Reviews(Young).Hansel, Patsy, comp. Keeping up. 35-40Hansel, Patsy J. The administrativeperspective in the evaluation process.8-11Hardy, Yvonne. See Book Reviews(Hurmence).Hesson, Julia S. See Book Reviews(Harrington) (Kupperman).Hewitt, Joe A. The Triangle ResearchLibraries Network. 68-72Hickey, Damon D. See Book Reviews(Surratt).Hill, Michael. See Book Reviews(Prather).Holley, Edward.Pic. 175To address Trustee Conference. 39Holloway, Mary P. Library networking: aschool library perspective. 66-67Howard, Cate. Exceptional children: howdo we serve them? 127-128Inscoe, John C. See Book Reviews(Crow).Intner, Sheila S. Ten observations onchange in technical services. 191-194Jones, Clifton. pic. 79Jones, H.G. See Book Reviews(Perkinson).Kares, Artemis. pic. 77Katz, Ruth M. Zones of cooperation:aspects of network development. 58-60Killian, J. A. pic. 77Kornegay, Becky. See Book Reviews(Bledsoe).Lanier, Gene. Wins Immroth Award. pic.35Lennon, Donald R. See Book Reviews(Stick).Library Trustee-Librarian Conference. 39Lindsey, Jonathan A. The humandimension in performance appraisal.5-7Lindsey, Marjorie W. Library networkingin North Carolina: the sharing mission.55-57Lubans, John. Performance evaluation:worth the cost? 15-17McCullough, Coyla. See Book Reviews(Heffernan).Martin, Michael G., Jr. See Book Reviews(Miller).Massengill, Stephen E. See Book Reviews(Barrier).May, K. Randall See Frankle, Raymond A.Nelms, Willie. One library's response todisaster. 140-142Nelson, Ilene.Business perspectives on performanceappraisal. 18-22Introduction. 4North Carolina Agricultural andTechnical State University,Greensboro. New library planned. 38North Carolina Central University,Durham. School of Library Science.Receives gifts. 38-39North Carolina Community CollegeLearning Resources Association.Meets. 37North Carolina. Division of State Library.Interlibrary Services manualannounced. 39North Carolina Library Association.ChildrenTs Services Section.Biennial report. 41Reports. 94, 155, 209College and University Section,Reports. 94, 155Constitution, Codes, and HandbookRevision Comittee.Report. 157Documents Section.Establishes Ad Hoc Committee onthe State Documents DepositorySystem. 40

Reports. 94, 155, 209Education for LibrarianshipCommittee.Report. 157-158Executive Board. Minutes10/25/83. 4610/28/83. 471/20/84. 92-944/6/84. 153-1547/20/84. 207-208Finance Committee.Report. 158Goals and Objectives Committee.Biennial report. 41-42Governmental Relations Committee.Reports. 158,210Honorary and Life MembershipCommittee. 98Report. 158Intellectual Freedom Committee.Report. 158-159Junior College Section.Reports. 94, 155, 209Junior Members Round Table.Report. 159Library Resources Committee.Disaster Preparedness guide. 40Media Committee.Report. 159-160Membership Committee.Reports. 160, 210-211North Carolina Association of SchoolLibrarians.Biennial report. 43-45Reports. 94-95, 155-156, 209-210Statement to North CarolinaCommission on Education forEconomic Growth. 97-98Wins Grolier Award. 35Public Library Section.Report. 95Resources and Technical ServicesSection.Reports. 95,156,210Round Table for Ethnic MinorityConcerns.Reports. 95, 156,210Round Table on the Status of Womenin Librarianship.Documentation workshop. pic. 57Reports. 95, 156, 2 10Treasurer's report.(1/1/83-12/31/83). 99(4/1/84-6/30/84). 160_when they have no author.3. Book reviews are listed alphabetically undfollow each book title, preceded by the phrase oRev. by.Reviews, followed by the name of t!4, Bibliographies are arranged alphabeticallyThe index is alphabetized letter by letter. Names beginning with2. Articles are indexed by the first-named author, with cross referencesOlson, Eric J. See Book Reviews(Phillips).Orange, Satia Marshall. See Sprinkle-Hamlin, SylviaPark, Leland. From the President. 2, 52,102, 162Paynter, David M. Branch library use inNorth Carolina metropolitan areas.136-139Powell, William S. See Book Reviews(Censer).Public Library of Charlotte andMecklenburg County. Bond passes. 36Pulley, Louise. pic. 111Respess, Tucker. See Book Reviews(Smith).Robbins, Laura. ChildrenTs programmingin asmall branch library. 110-113Rosenblum, Joseph. See Scism, Nancy.Sanders, Julie White. See Book Reviews(McCall) (McCorkle).Schatz, Martha. Appointed director ofRutherford County Public Library. 36Scism, Nancy, Joseph Rosenblum, andTeresa Calio. AACR2 and the cardcatalog: two models for measuring. 23-26Shaw, William M., Jr. Appointedassociate professor at UNC-CH. 36Shires, Nancy. See Book Reviews(Adcock).Siemers, Lynne. The North CarolinaAHEC network. 73-77Sigmon, Denise. See Drum, Eunice P.Sigmon, Joel. See Drum, Eunice P.Smith, Everard H. See Book Reviews(Hatley) (Pearce).Smith, Victoria. Receives CumberlandCounty Public Library EmployeeExtraordinaire Award. 36-7Southeastern Library AssociationReports. 95-96, 156, 211Special Libraries Association (NorthCarolina Chapter).Winter conference. 38Speller, Dr. Benjamin. pic. iaSpencer, Joan M. See Book Reviews(Wilson).Spencer, Jon Michael. See Book Reviews(Chavis).Guidelines for Using the IndexToNorth Carolina LibrariesSprinkle-Hamlin, Sylvia, and SatiaMarshall Orange. The black experience... twenty-six adventures in reading.123-126Stahl, Wilson M. See Frankle, RaymondA.Stanly County Public Library. BadinBranch. Dedicated. 38State Library. See North Carolina.Division of State Library.Stephens, Arial. pic. 77Taylor, Renee. The employee perspectivein the evaluative process. 12-14Thrasher, Jerry. pic. 77University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.School of Library Science. Shaw, Woodjoin faculty. 36Walter R. Davis Library. pics. 81-84Veitch, Carol J. Junior Great BooksProgram in North Carolina. 114-117Wade, Jane. See Book Reviews (Marsh).Walker, Emily S. See Book Reviews(Applewhite).Waller, Edward. See Book Reviews(Dentler).Weaver, Frances A. See Book Reviews(Evans).Welch, John. Introduction. 54White, Robert N. To speak at WomenTsRound Table workshop. pic. 57Williams, Sue. See Fowler, Bonnie.Winkel, Lois. Horace"misinterpreted.106-109Wood, Judith B. Appointed assistantprofessor at UNC-CH. 36York, Maurice C. See Book Reviews(Thomas).Yound, Betty I. See Book Reviews(Mitchell).Young, Diana.Programming for children and youngadults: the State LibraryTs role.132-135See Book Reviews (Newton).Zaehringer, David J. See Frankle,Raymond A.oMc� and oMac� precede all other entries under the letter oM.�from co-authors up to the number of two. Titles are indexed onlyer the heading Book Reviews by the author of the book being reviewed. ReviewersT names� Bach reviewer's name is also listed separately, with a cross reference to Bookhe author of the book in parentheses.by title under the heading Bibliographies, with separate author entries.1984 Winter"215

aEditorials are arranged alphabetically by title under the heading Editorials, with a cross reference from the name of the editor.Death and memorial notices are listed alphabetically under the heading Deaths, with aseparate entry under the name of the deceased.. Alllibrary organizations are entered under the full names. Material on the substructures of these organizations, such as committees,roundtables, etc., is listed alphabetically under the organization name. (For example, for material on the activities, officers, reports,committees, and roundtables of NCLA, see North Carolina Library Association.)All acronyms are filed in alphabetical order, not at the beginning of each letter.9. Public libraries are entered under the name of the parent institution (e.g. North Carolina State University. D. H. Hill Library).10. Reprints of speeches are entered with no designation that they have previously been presented to the public. However, abbreviatedsummaries of speeches have the designation (Report of speech).11. Reports of papers not printed in full are designated (Paper).12. The abbreviations opic.,� oobit.,� and ocomp.� are used to identify pictures, obituaries, bibliographies, and compilers.NoHy@This publication isavailable in microform.University Microfilms Internationalreproduces this publication in microform: micro-fiche and 16mm or 35mm film. For informationabout this publication or any of the more than13,000 titles we offer, complete and mail thecoupon to: University Microfilms International,300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106. Callus toll-free for an immediate response;800-521-3044. Or call collect in Michigan,Alaska and Hawaii: 313-761-4700.C Please send information about these titles:NameCompany/InstitutionUniver Sity AddressMicrofilms ,,,International " ....Phone |Zip.216"North Carolina Libraries

EditorROBERT BURGINSchool of Library ScienceNorth Carolina CentralUniversityDurham, NC 27707(919) 683-6485Associate EditorPATSY J, HANSELCumberland County PublicLibraryBox 1720Fayetteville, NC 28302(919) 483-8600Associate EditorROSE SIMONDale H. Gramley in sakSalem CollegeWinston-Salem, NC 27108(919) 721-2649Book Review EditorALICE COTTENWilson LibraryUNC-Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC 27514(919) 962-1172aD,Address all corresponSchool of Library Science, N Cc. sate DurhamNorth Carolina behvaiies published four tit(919) 288-8590 _poate to: Robert Burgin, itorEDITORIAL STAFFChildrenTs ServicesBONNIE FOWLER237 Arrowleaf DriveLewisville, NC 27023(919) 945-5236College and UniversityMARIE DEVINERamsey Library "UNC-AshevilleAsheville, NC 28814(704) 258-6625? ~Community and SeaCollege Libraries "sats BEVERLEY GASS "Guilford Technical CommunityCollege" Box 309- Jamestown, NC 27282(919) 292-1101 |i: DocumentsMICHAEL COTTER_ J.Y. Joyner Library ;East Carolina University _Greenville, NC 27834(919) 757-6533Junior Members RoundtableJOHN BURNS |Elbert Ivey Memorial Library420 Third Avenue NWHickory, NC 28601(704) 322-2905N.C. Association of SchoolLibrarians |3 FRANCES BRADBURNGreensboro Day SchoolBox 9361- Greensboro, NC 274200961A, NC 277070.Public Library_ BOB RUSSELLElbert Ivey Memorial Library420 Third Avenue NW- Hickory, NC 28601(704) 322-2905Reference and Adult ServicesILENE NELSONDuke University LibraryDurham, NC 27606(919) 684-2373Resources and Technical Services_ GENE LEONARDI "Shepard LibraryNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurham, NC 27707) ~(919) 683-6220Round Table for Ethnic MinortyConcernskee SPRINKLE-HAMLIN_ Forsyth County Public stand660 West 5th StreetWinston-Salem, NC 27701(919) 727-2176 ;- Round Table on the Status ofWomen in LibrarianshipMARY McAFEE_ Forsyth County Public Library660 West 5th StreetWinston-Salem, NC 27 AGE,(919) 21-2264. ae_ ~Trusteessa year, is s the official a henuis of Ne North: Caro-lina Library Association. Membership dues | include subscription to North Cee Libraries. Member-ship information may be obSubscription rates for 1per year, or $7.00 per issue,copies are available through University Microfilms Internatitained from the treasurer of NCLA. |984 are $20. 00 per year, or $5.00 per issue, for domestic sakacsnans $25.00for foreign subscriptions. Backfiles : are maintained by the editor. Microfilm _onal. North Carolina Libraries | is indeed by isLibrary Literature and publishes its own annual index.Editorial correspondencebe addressed to the advertising manager. Articles are juried,North ~Carolina, TROT OSS is printed by Meridional Publications, Wake Forest, NC.it vashould be addressed to the editor; advertisement correspondence shouldIssue e deadlines are February 16, May 10, August 10, Per November 10.er

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