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Mention the term networkto a group of librarians.and you will probably getas many different answersas there are dain, a: present. �?"ae Welch, 4984; ss Rides ipod TEC: sate eet gt aie ts de is Asie t 4 .a i i Nat t Bae le 3 iy Rie ae i Spat cA oe Af coer es Por thant : R i cine o27 Aee Hh*§, oh Sie ae stot ae a é Bie gob EC i 5 Se MR Ree ateSeiya mvas 44 bein he ae 73 pane oe uti 3 Ee ifi a : ae © a: oR Ty " ee ee, she p Ne great ShawBests Se Be pec, ge Bee Me eet S, pnts galt ie �?T Bet s-tes! 5 ie * ny Pe Wi eats a re he,�?T + 5 mS+ C 4 5 S Pek ae ++ ms : Tite ety $ e| sok ie 5 �?o en *.; eae . aeeer, Be eee at 4. eects ~= *Speake ig yoi * �?�1 +too cout ere

NorthOiveliiertreasureshistotyA PublishingAchievementA qoreet of North Carolina history awaits Stokes County $32.50 Rockingham Co. $42.50. ee - loti �?"�?" ania aN Iredell County $32.50 WilkesCounty $37.50AC. x volume is printed on arcnival- 2grade paper, is hardbound and embomsed Yadkin County $37.50 Alleghany Co. $37.50with its county seal. Surry County $42.50 Davidson Co. $47.50The indexed, 500 plus page volumesare highlighted with wonderful old N.C. Residents Add 412 % Sales TaxSoa alia of the county and itspeople.Books are now available aboutcounties marked in gray onthe map below.Order these exceptional books fromHunter Publishing CompanyHistory DivisionP.O. Box 5867, Winston-Salem, N.C. 27113Telephone 1-919-765-0070| Enclose history is: your history.(amount)|!||Please send me. copies of county. | North Caro lina *s||1I|

th CAIOINO(OIESisISSN 0029-2540TABLE OF CONTENTSArticles54 Introduction, John Welch55 Library Networking in North Carolina: The SharingMission, Marjorie W. Lindsey58 Zones of Cooperation: Aspects of Network Development,Ruth M. Katz61 The State Library and LAMBDA,Eunice P. Drum, Joel Sigmon, and Denise Sigmon66 Library Networking: A School Library Perspective, MaryP. Holloway68 The Triangle Research Libraries Network, Joe A. Hewitt73 The North Carolina AHEC Network, Lynne Siemers78 The Walter R. Davis Library, Larry AlfordFeatures52 From the President, Leland M. Park85 New North Carolina Books92 NCLA Minutes and ReportsCover: John Welch, �?oIntroduction,�?� North Caro- Advertisers: Baker & Taylor, p. 51; Ebsco, p. 53;lina Libraries 42 (Summer 1984): 54. This issue Freedom to Read Foundation, p. 53; Hunter Pub-focuses on the many networking projects in North lishing Company, Cover 2; MacGregor, p. 54; Na-Carolina�?Ts libraries. tional Geographic, Cover 3; Phiebig, p. 53; ReprintCompany, p. 57; Ruzicka, p. 65; SoutheasternVolume 42, Number 2 Summer 1984 Microfilm, p. 90.

EditorROBERT BURGINForsyth County Public Library660 West 5th StreetWinston-Salem, NC 27101(919) 727-2556Associate EditorPATSY J. HANSELCumberland County PublicLibraryBox 1720Fayetteville, NC 28302(919) 483-8600Associate EditorROSE SIMONDale H. Gramley LibrarySalem CollegeWinston-Salem, NC 27108(919) 721-2649Book Review EditorALICE COTTENWilson LibraryUNC-Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC 27514(919) 962-1172Advertising ManagerJEFF SAUERHunter LibraryWestern Carolina UniversityCullowhee, NC 28723(704) 227-7485EDITORIAL STAFFChildren�?Ts ServicesBONNIE FOWLER237 Arrowleaf DriveLewisville, NC 27023(919) 945-5236College and UniversityMARIE DEVINERamsey LibraryUNC-AshevilleAsheville, NC 28814(704) 258-6625DocumentsMICHAEL COTTERJ.Y. Joyner LibraryEast Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC 27834(919) 757-6533Junior CollegesBEVERLEY GASSGuilford Technical CommunityCollegeBox 309Jamestown, NC 27282(919) 292-1101Junior Members RoundtableJOHN BURNSElbert Ivey Memorial Library420 Third Avenue NWHickory, NC 28601(704) 322-2905N.C. Association of SchoolLibrariansFRANCES BRADBURNGreensboro Day SchoolBox 9361Greensboro, NC 27429-0361(919) 288-8590Public LibraryBOB RUSSELL :Elbert Ivey Memorial Library420 Third Avenue NWHickory, NC 28601(704) 322-2905Reference and Adult ServicesILENE NELSONDuke University LibraryDurham, NC 27606(919) 684-2373Resources and Technical ServicesGENE LEONARDIShepard LibraryNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurham, NC 27707(919) 683-6220Roundtable for Ethnic MinorityConcernsSYLVIA SPRINKLE-HAMLINForsyth County Public Library660 West 5th StreetWinston-Salem, NC 27701(919) 727-2176Roundtable on the Status ofWomen in LibrarianshipMARY McAFEEForsyth County Public Library660 West 5th StreetWinston-Salem, NC 27101(919) 727-2264TrusteesNorth Carolina Libraries, published four times a year, is the official publication of the North Caro-lina Library Association. Membership dues include a subscription to North Carolina Libraries. Member-ship information may be obtained from the treasurer of NCLA.Subscription rates for 1984 are $20.00 per year, or $5.00 per issue, for domestic subscriptions; $25.00per year, or $7.00 per issue, for foreign subscriptions. Backfiles are maintained by the editor. Microfilmcopies are available through University Microfilms International. North Carolina Libraries is indexed byLibrary Literature and publishes its own annual index.Editorial correspondence should be addressed to the editor; advertisement correspondence shouldbe addressed to the advertising manager. Articles are juried.North Carolina Libraries is printed by Meridional Publications, Wake Forest, NC.Issue deadlines are February 10, May 10, August 10, and November 10.50�?"North Carolina Libraries

UNIT PRICEpace Lae AFTER Ac AMOUN1DISCOUNTYOU'LL KNOWYOUR BOOKS COST LESS... WHEN YOU COMPAREOUR PRICE ADVANTAGE.Baker & Taylor will show you publishers�?T list prices,your earned discount, and the actual price youpay for every title ordered, Compare all ourBudget Control Services including Do Not ExceedOrdering and our Quotation Service. You'll dis-cover we offer lower prices and the most cost-efficient methods of stretching your purchasingpower. And, we stock more titles than any otherbook supplier.For details, contact the Sales Department of thedivision nearest you.EASTERN DIVISION, 50 Kirby Avenue, Somerville, NJ 08876, (201) 722-8000MIDWESTERN DIVISION, 501 S. Gladiolus Street, Momence, IL 60954, (815) 472-2444SOUTHERN DIVISION, Mt. Olive Road, Commerce, GA 30599, (404) 335-5000WESTERN DIVISION, 380 Edison Way, Reno, NV 89564, (702) 786-6700neenevrvoucamoeraones NED 9 TAYLORa GRACE company1984 Summer�?"51

From the PresidentSpring Workshop: The Greensboro CollegeLibrary outdid itself with its hospitality for overone hundred members of NCLA who attended theSpring Workshop. Our special thanks to Dr. Wil-liam Mott, library director, and Mrs. EuthenaNewmon. The weather was perfect, the facilitiesconvenient, the food good, and the meetings pro-ductive. The new committees began their plansfor the biennium (their terms run spring 1984-spring 1986) and preliminary reports were givenat the final NCLA Assembly which was held Sat-urday after lunch. It is an exciting time andproves once again that NCLA is the �?oplace to be.�?�Legislative Day: April 10 found seventeenNCLAers trooping the halls of Congress, puttingin a good word for library legislation on thenational level. The trek was ably planned byLouise Boone, and she was joined by ArtemisKares, Nancy Massey, Pauline Myrick, BenjaminSpeller, Arial Stephens, Jerry Thrasher, JudithSutton, William Bridgman, Judie Davie, HenryHall, J.A. Killian, Leland Park, Kieth Wright, Bever-ley Gass, David McKay, and Jane Williams. Every-one who participated in an ALA Legislative Day isimpressed with the experience of being a part ofthe democratic process, �?ostanding up for libraries�?�to those whom we have elected to represent us.And it pays off, too. At times when funding forlibrary services comes under the most difficultattack, the Legislative Days have often helpedsave the day. Our thanks to Louise Boone and thisgroup for representing us.Elections: Now that the primaries are overand the candidates for the general election arechosen, remember to take any opportunity possi-ble to �?ostand up for libraries�?� to the individualcandidates. This is a crucial election for librariesin this state. The Executive Board passed a policydelineating the circumstances under which library-related groups and political candidates may pur-52�?"North Carolina Librariesstand up forlibrariesNORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATIONchase mailing labels of our members. This can bean opportunity for the candidates to communi-cate directly with two thousand librarians. It alsocan be an opportunity for librarians to �?oencour-age�?� candidates to �?ostand up for libraries.�?� If youknow of any candidates who want to purchasethe labels, ask them to write to me on their letter-head stationery, and I'll give them the neededinformation.Governor�?Ts Commission: Just as lobbying onthe national level can pay off, so can it on thestate level. NCLA was invited to have representa-tion on the Advisory Panel of the Governor�?TsCommission on Education for Economic Growththrough the alterness of members of our associa-tion. The Reference and Adult Services Sectionpresented a program at the conference inWinston-Salem based on the NC 2000 Report andreflecting state and national interest in curricu-lum reform. Also, RASS passed a resolution whichwas subsequently passed by the entire associationasking Governor Hunt to involve librarians in cur-riculum reform in North Carolina. Following that,Ilene Nelson, chairperson of the 1983 RASS Pro-gram Committee, telephoned the director of thecommission and asked him how librarians mightbecome actively involved in the commission�?Tswork. An invitation was forthcoming shortly,representatives appointed, and the rest is history.NCLA had and has a role to play. And RASS is duemuch thanks for �?oStanding Up for Libraries.�?�Spring will have �?osprung�?� and summer will beupon us when you read this. It has been a goodyear so far, and I hope for each of you a time ofrelaxation and reflection this summer. Have agood one.Next Executive Board Meeting: July 20, 1984,High Point, NC.Leland M. Park, President

FOREIGN BOOKSand PERIODICALS oO AleCURRENT OR OUT-OF-PRINT ANDSPECIALTIES:. Our physical size and financial strength�?"necessary to makeSearch Service and honor commitments�?"indicate the successful workingIrregular Serials relationships we have with thousands of libraries worldwide.But the plain truth is, simply, that it is our sensitivity toInternational Congresses your unique requirements, and our flexibility in providing an14° . . exhaustive and relentless effort for total customer serviceBuilding Special Collections sepa tao es a+We want to work with you�?"to help you provideexceptional patron service, which is your strength.We can help. Write today�?"@ EBSCO SUBSCRIPTION SERVICESThe Serials Professionals=©\8000 Forbes Place, Suite 204Springfield, VA 22151ALBERT Pi PHIEBIG INC. (703) 321-7494/321-9630Box 352, White Plains, N..Y. 10602If the right to express your ideas is important to you...then you can help fight suppression of free expression.Freedom to Read FoundationThe battle is an important one. Today Your membership in thereports of attempts to censor books Freedom to Read Foundation will:and information are at record highs. * help support librarians across theAny book, magazine, photograph nation who are beleaguered byor other material can be the target raids on our librariesof would-be censors from the left,Yes, | want to become active in theFreedom to Read Foundation.My membership check for $is enclosed. This tax-deductiblecontribution entitles me to vote forFoundation trustees and to receive; * expand the freedom to read by the quarterly Freedom to Readdae Bo etal peey offering legal and financial help pcattitian NoweYour membership in the Freedom in cases involving authors, pub-prea colette Rie? ee a lishers and booksellers " : ; ; ene " : . * arifference in protecting the free flow =, .4 regular patronof information and ideas�?"the basic entitle you to the Freedom to Read $50 contributing 0 $1000 benefactorprinciples of the First Amendment. newsletter on censorship trends,!i1i]i1i1ti]1i)i]!1i]iFoundation News, a quarterly Hi]1]i11i]1ii]ti]111i]1iThe Foundation is a 14-year-old current court cases, legislativeorganization of librarians, lawyers, developments, and reports Nameeducators, booksellers, authors, of successes in bouts with censors.publishers and other concerned citi- Addresszens who have joined together to L ; or Sia 2safeguard the tradition of free expres- Books and ideas aren't dangerous ... 4 a Hesion in America. The Foundation but information restraints on a free Please make checks payable toprovides legal and financial support people are. Protect the future of Freedom to Read Foundation andto those at the frontline of censorship _ the First Amendment. Join the mail to Freedom to Read Foundation,Challenges. Freedom to Read Foundation. 50 E. Huron St., Chicago, IL 60611.ee1984 Summer�?"53

IntroductionThis issue of North Carolina Libraries isdevoted to examining the current status of someof the many networking activities taking place inour state. The term network is not easy to define.The dictionary definition of an �?ointerrelated orinterconnected chain, group or system�?� does notdo full justice to the concept. Specifically, the dic-tionary definition does not show the dynamicnature of a network, that is, its ability to expand,contract, or change in order to fulfill specificneeds. It is this very elasticity and vitality thatgive the concept of a network its greates po-tential. Mention the term network to a group oflibrarians and you will probably get as many dif-ferent answers as there are people present. Mostpeople would probably first tend to think of thelarge bibliographic and data base networks suchas OCLC, RLIN, BRS, or DIALOG. However, as the1982 King Research study on networking in NorthCarolina pointed out, the concept of a networkalso exists at much smaller levels and in less tradi-tional ways than those just mentioned. The arti-cles in this issue will call attention to the diversetypes of networking in North Carolina�?"fromTRLN and LAMBDA to the CLONE project andthe AHEC library network.In this issue, Marge Lindsey outlines theresults that have been achieved by the varioustask force groups of the North Carolina NetworkSteering Committee. Ruth Katz reports on theresults of the first two ZOC (Zone of Cooperation)grants that were selected by her task force group.SOLINET�?Ts experimental LAMBDA system is re-viewed as an in-house network at the Division ofState Library by Eunice Drum and Joe and DeniseSigmon. The potential for public school network-ing is presented by Mary Holloway. The currentprogress of the TRLN network, which may becomeone of the largest in the state, is presented by JoeHewitt. Lynne Siemers discusses the work of analready existing special library network amongthe AHEC libraries.What is the future for networking in ourstate? Will we develop a vast, integrated, multi-type network of libraries or find that our network-54�?"North Carolina Librariesing needs are handled more efficiently by local orregional ZOCs? The answer to these intriguingquestions will unfold for us as we continue toexamine and experiment with networks. What-ever the final result may be, our current effortsare a good beginning to an exciting future.John WelchPublic Library ConsultantDivision of State Library�?oPERSONALIZED�?�SUBSCRIPTION SERVICEMcGregor can simplify complex andtime consuming problems of periodi-cal procurement involving research,ordering, payments, renewals andrecord keeping. Prompt courteousservice has been a tradition withMcGregor since 1933.@ All domestic and foreign titles® Title Research© Prepaid Subscriptionse@ Automatic Renewalse@ Personal Service RepresentativesCall or write for catalog today815/734-4183MCGREGOR MAGAZINE AGENCYMount Morris, Illinois 61054

Library Networking in North Carolina:The Sharing MissionMarjorie W. Lindseya �?"�?"Why Networking?Consider the following projections for NorthCarolina by the year 2000:!1.8 million people will be added to thestate, for a total population of 7.7 million.1 million households will be added, increas-ing the number of households by 47 percent, while population increases by 30 percent.72 per cent of total state growth will befrom people entering from outside thestate.The number of persons over age 65 willincrease by 70 per cent, from six hundredthousand to one million.How do we propose to serve this potential userpopulation with our 2,639 libraries of some fifty-two million volumes? This is the sharing missionof coordinated multitype library cooperationusing appropriate technology�?"in short, networking.Each type of library�?"public, school, academ-ic, and special�?"has a distinct mission in meetingthe diverse needs of North Carolina citizens.�?T It isthis diversity of patron demand beyond thecapacity of a given library that sparks the sharingmission of interlibrary cooperation.How are North Carolina librarians fulfillingthis mission? Through personal networking withassociations, committees, round tables, and usergroups; through membership in SOLINET/OCLC,processing centers, and Zones of Cooperation(ZOCs); and through heavy use of the referenceand interlibrary services of INWATS and theInformation Services Section of the State Library.All of this works well, but with improvements incommunications technology and the affordabilityof computers, there is a strong interest in makingfuller use of these technologies for the enhance-ment of our sharing efforts statewide.�?"Marjorie W. Lindsey is Consultant on Multitype Library Coop-eration for the Division of State Library in Raleigh. She is alsoEditor of Tar Heel Libraries.The Steering CommitteeBuilding on the work of earlier committees?and on the recommendations of two studies, theNorth Carolina Library Networking Steering Com-mittee was organized in October 1982, with repre-sentatives from the North Carolina LibraryAssociation, the North Carolina Chapter of theSpecial Libraries Association, and from all typesand sizes of libraries from all parts of the state.(See Appendix A.) The deliberations of the com-mittee are supported by the many hours of hardwork by several task forces. Each steering com-mittee member serves on a task force; each taskforce includes representatives of at least twotypes of libraries. The steering committee and thetask force chairs meet quarterly; the task forcesmeet as often as required to fulfill their charges,submitting quarterly reports to the steeringcommittee. The committee submits an annualreport to the State Library Commission. Minutesof steering committee meetings and all reportsare on file at the State Library. All members of thecommittee and task forces serve voluntarily for aminimum of two years.The Task ForcesThe Task Force on the Bibliographic Data-base has produced a document developing abuilding-block concept for the growth of a state-wide data base, recommending a MARC or MARC-compatible communications format, and encour-aging libraries using OCLC to catalog materials atOCLC level I standards. Accompanying this doc-ument are three papers on (1) conversion of bib-liographic records to machine-readable form; (2)MARC formats; and (3) automation options fornonautomated libraries. Copies are available fromthe State Library on request. Currently the taskforce is studying the feasibility of producing aNorth Carolina statewide union list of serials, oneamong its several charges.In October 1983, the Task Force on Continu-ing Library Education recommended that a moreclosely defined Task Force on Education andTraining would be more useful for the networking1984 Summer�?"55

effort. The steering committee approved therecommendation to dissolve the original taskforce and to activate and staff the new groupwhen appropriate.The Task Force on Document Delivery haslooked at several commercial and governmentaldelivery systems currently in use in the state, aswell as facsimile transmission. To determine theeffectiveness of present interlibrary loan anddocument delivery processes, the task force hasdeveloped a survey instrument to measure thetime required for completion of each transaction.The instrument will also gather data allowing forstudy of the subject areas and type of documentborrowed and the form of document supplied.Efforts are currently underway to test this surveyinstrument with the thirty-eight libraries partici-pating in the western ZOC project, the Union Listof Periodicals in Libraries of Western NorthCarolina. Consideration of broader use will fol-low test evaluation.The 1983 Task Force on Funding developed abrief manual to assist in funding a ZOC. Presentlythe task force is studying initial and continuingcosts that may be incurred, funding requirements,and possible strategies needed to establish astatewide network.It is this diversity of patrondemand beyond the capacity ofa given library that sparks thesharing mission of interlibrarycooperation.The Task Force on Public Information devel-oped a promotional brochure in time for distribu-tion at the October 1983 North Carolina LibraryAssociation Conference. Currently the task forceis preparing exhibit materials for use at variouslibrary meetings across the state and will beresponsible for brochures, briefing papers, andother media needed to inform librarians, trustees,library users, governmental officials, and thegeneral public about statewide library networking.The Task Force on Technology, building onearlier reports, is identifying several basic assump-tions regarding the purpose, services, and prod-ucts of a statewide network. For example, thenetwork should provide access to a master database for all interested libraries; should provide ameans of conducting interlibrary loan transac-tions and a mechanism to facilitate document56�?"North Carolina Librariesdelivery; should provide for future developmentsin electronic mail and possible personal or homeaccess. The network is not envisioned as a biblio-graphic utility. The task force is examining severalpossible configurations and will draft a technolog-ical design and schedule for a phased develop-ment of a statewide library network.The Task Force on ZOCs is perhaps the mostvisible at the present time. Grants for two pilotZOCs, funded by Title III of the Library Servicesand Construction Act, were awarded in 1983, andit is hoped that by the summer of 1984 at leasttwo more grants will be awarded. Through the1984-85 term the task force will draft for discus-sion a design of the organizational structure of astatewide library network and coordinate thework of the other task forces to develop a discus-sion draft of a total network design with phasedimplementation.How You Can Be InvolvedWhat network configuration do you think ismost feasible? What should a network offer you?What do you think is a reasonable cost for thebenefits derived? What are some realistic fundingstrategies? What is the relevance of this enter-prise for library service in North Carolina?Now, during the period of brainstorming,discussion, design, and planning, is the mostappropriate time for you to send your commentsand suggestions, and those of your users, to theSteering Committee and task force chairs.Let us hear from you; be involved; think net-working!References1. �?oNC 2000, Our Future Begins Now...�?� brochure (Raleigh:Commission on the Future of North Carolina, 1981).2. North Carolina Libraries, Their Role: Statements of Missionand Purpose (Chapel Hill: UNC Press, 1983).3. The North Carolina Library Association Networking Commit-tee, the Ad Hoc Committee on Multitype Library Cooperation,and the Technical Subcommittee of the Ad Hoc Committee.4, Alberta Smith, Access to Information for North Carolinians,Multitype Library Cooperation (Raleigh: Division of StateLibrary, 1981). Jose Marie Griffiths and Donald W. King, NorthCarolina Library Networking Feasibility Study (Rockville,Maryland: King Research, Inc., 1982).Appendix ANorth Carolina Library Networking Steering Committee1983-1985Representative of Arial Stephens, Director, Richard H.President of NCLA Thornton Library, OxfordChair, NCLA Trustees Representative Dorothy Burnley,Section High Point

TRLN RepresentativeCounty Public LibraryRegional Public LibraryMunicipal Public LibraryAcademic Libraries(East N.C.)Academic Libraries(West N.C.)Community CollegesPublic SchoolsSpecial LibrariesAssociationDirector, Division ofState LibraryAssistant State LibrarianState Library Consultantfor Multitype LibraryCooperationLT. Littleton, Director, D. H. HillLibrary, N.C. State University, RaleighDouglas Perry, Director, ClevelandCounty Memorial Library, ShelbyElinor Hawkins, Director, Craven-Pamlico-Carteret Regional Library,New BernMary Boone, Director, Chapel HillPublic LibraryRuth Katz, Director, Joyner Library,East Carolina University, GreenvilleLouise Rountree, Livingstone CollegeLibrary, SalisburyBetty Williamson, Associate Dean ofInstruction, Learning ResourceCenter, Fayetteville TechnicalInstituteElsie Brumback, Assistant StateSuperintendent Area SupportServices, Department of PublicInstruction, RaleighAnne Stringfield, Librarian, LorillardResearch Center Library, GreensboroDavid McKayJane WilliamsMarjorie LindseyTask Force ChairsTask Force onBibliographic DataBaseTask Force onDocument DeliveryTask Force on FundingTask Force on PublicInformationTask Force onTechnologyTask Force on ZOCsCarol Myers, Head, TechnicalServices, Public Library of Charlotte/Mecklenburg CountyNell Waltner, Head, Acquisitions,D. H. Hill Library, N.C. StateUniversity, RaleighLT. Littleton (see above)Carol Lewis, Director, Division ofSchool Media Programs, Departmentof Public Instruction, RaleighWilliam Gosling, Assistant UniversityLibrarian for Technical Services,Duke University, DurhamRuth Katz (see above)Robert N. White, administrator of the Utah Personnel ReviewBoard, will be the featured speaker at a workshop entitled�?oDocumentation�?"the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly.�?� Theworkshop will be held July 26 and 27 at the Forsyth CountyPublic Library in Winston-Salem and is sponsored by theRound Table on the Status of Women in Librarianship.REGIONALLOCAL HISTORYGENEALOGY.PUBLISHERS and BOOKSELLERS ofreprints and originals ... Regional andCounty History, Genealogical sourcematerial, Colonial Americana, Revolu-tionary and Civil War materialPrimary emphasis on Southeastern states. Publications of the South CarolinaHistorical Society and North CarolinaGenealogical Society. Write for completecatalogue. 4Thomas E. SmithPublisherTHE REPRINT COMPANY, PUBLISHERSPost Office Box 5401Spartanburg, S.C. 293041984 Summer�?"57

Zones of Cooperation:Aspects of Network DevelopmentRuth M. KatzIn North Carolina, network development andmultitype library cooperation that will lead toimproved library and information service for ourcitizens are the shared responsibility of the Divi-sion of State Library,! individual librarians, andthe various governing and advisory groups havinga role in library funding and development. Thespecific goal of developing a comprehensive planfor statewide network development has beenassigned to the North Carolina Library Network-ing Steering Committee by the State LibraryCommission. More detailed information about theSteering Committee and its work appears else-where in this issue.The Steering Committee believes that activi-ties that should be addressed in a statewide planinclude, but are not limited to, building a state-wide data base, encouraging zones of cooperation(ZOCs), employing appropriate technology, improv-ing document delivery, addressing education andtraining needs, estimating funding requirementsand developing a public information program.Task forces organized by the Steering Committeeare focusing on each of these topics. At this time,forty librarians are involved in committee or taskforce deliberations. The base upon which thecurrent effort builds includes the work of theState Library Ad Hoc Committee for MultitypeLibrary Cooperation, the NCLA Networking Com-mittee and the King Research Inc. (KRI) study ofnetworking feasibility.Although the acronym ZOCs caught on veryquickly, not everyone who served on the SteeringCommittee or who read the KRI report had agood idea of what a ZOC might be. Originally de-scribed by KRI as a �?ozone of convenience,�?� thedefinition was changed to �?ozone of cooperation�?� toimprove understanding.ZOCs are best seen as a way of organizing forcooperative activities without loss of independ-ence by individual libraries or of the ability to setRuth M. Katz is Director of Academic Library Services, JoynerLibrary, East Carolina University. She is a member of theNorth Carolina Library Networking Steering Committee andchairs the Task Force on ZOCs.58�?"North Carolina Librariesand change priorities. A group of libraries form aZOC and share resources when it is convenient forthem to do so. Factors affecting convenienceinclude, but are not limited to, geographic prox-imity, similarities in types of patrons, dissimilari-ties in collections, existing cooperative relation-ships, and special relationships among libraries orlibrarians. ZOCs provide needed flexibility inestablishing a statewide network because alibrary can belong to more than one ZOC andbecause membership within a ZOC can changeover time as the needs or priorities of memberlibraries change.Request for ProposalWith help from the Steering Committee andthe two active task forces, the Task Force on ZOCsworked to develop recommendations for a pilotproject similar to that suggested in the KingResearch Inc. study. When the Division of StateLibrary made a commitment to allocating someanticipated LSCA funds to one or more pilot proj-ects, the idea of developing a Request for Proposal(RFP) and soliciting grant applications throughthe RFP process was finalized.The task force identified several points itconsidered essential for the development of pilotprojects and, with the approval of the SteeringCommittee, incorporated these in the RFP. Thekey points are that projects should include two ormore types of libraries (with school library partic-ipation seen as highly desirable), encourage localcooperative ventures, provide spinoffs for state-wide use (e.g. machine-readable files in MARCformat), and lead to improved products and ser-vices to users�?"including other libraries. Theseand other eligibility factors appeared in the RFPas did detailed guidelines for preparing and sub-mitting a proposal. The third part of the RFP de-scribed how proposals received by the Task Forceon ZOCs would be evaluated and listed evaluationcriteria in each of five general categories: likelyimpact of the proposed project on a need definedin the proposal, attainability of proposed objec-tives, adequacy of management plan, appropri-

ateness of budget and likelihood of ongoingcommitment.When the RFP was finalized and approved,the Division of State Library and the Departmentof Public Instruction distributed it to libraries andschool systems throughout the state. The availa-bility of the RFP was announced in Tar HeelLibraries and other newsletters so that anyinterested individual could obtain a copy by con-tacting the State Library.All indications are that the process workedvery well. Seven proposals were received forreview. Two of these were selected for fundingand the first contracts were awarded in October1983.When the 1983-85 Steering Committee andthe task force chairmen met in October 1983,new work agendas were distributed and themembership of each task force was finalized. Itwas clear that the amount of work was increas-ing, that communication and cooperation amongthe task forces were absolutely necessary, and thatthe complex issues facing the Steering Committeewould require a considerable amount of intensediscussion. In other words, the existence of twopilot projects moved statewide networking from afeasible concept to a practical reality.The Task Force on ZOCs had an immediateneed to develop and release the second RFP formodel ZOC projects to be funded for state fiscalyear 1984-85. This work was accomplished inFebruary 1984. Evaluation of the two operational7ZOCs also was a high priority task. This work isbeing accomplished with the assistance of othertask forces�?"both project monitoring and projecttechnical assistance are provided to the pilotZOCs. The results will be documented for use byother ZOCs and for consideration in a proposedorganizational design for a statewide library net-work.Project CloneA brief description of the work underway bythe pilot ZOCs will illustrate some of the earlybenefits of multitype library cooperation. Fivelibraries in Nash and Edgecombe counties havejoined together to develop a union COM catalog oftheir combined monographic collections�?"about166,000 titles. Microfiche readers are alreadyavailable at the libraries (Edgecombe TechnicalCollege, Edgecombe County Memorial Library,Nash Technical College, North Carolina WesleyanCollege, Braswell Memorial Library) and at all thehigh schools in the two counties. The participat-ing libraries are located in a small geographicalarea but local citizens would not have true accessto the combined collections without a unioncatalog. The project is named CLONE, standingfor Cooperative Libraries of Nash-Edgecombe.In the early stages of the project, the partici-pating librarians got input from potential vendorsand from State Library staff to help them under-stand about costs, data base maintenance, retro-spective conversion and the establishment ofcatalog policies and guidelines. The CLONE teamdecided to produce a two-way divided catalog(author/title, subject), to use NCUC symbolsalready assigned to the libraries, and to designateone of the public libraries as the authority controlcenter for the union list project. Member librariesagreed to have their individual catalogs updatedquarterly. The union catalog will be updatedsemi-annually. The frequency of update can bechanged if it proves to be unsatisfactory.One product already available from ProjectCLONE is a questionnaire used to evaluate thecapabilities of potential COM catalog producersand to solicit cost estimates.Western NC ProjectThe second pilot ZOC includes thirty-eightlibraries located in twenty-three western NorthCarolina counties. The participants have a longhistory of cooperation, including compiling aunion list of periodicals, but can no longer sup-port projects through use of regular staff mem-bers and students and with simple data process-ing equipment made available by the institutionsin which the libraries are located. From 1975,when the fourth edition of the union listappeared, to 1983, the number of librariesincreased from 20 to 38 and the number of peri-odical titles increased from 6400 to 7000. Thelarge population served by participants in thisproject (615,000) and the uniqueness of the col-lections held by some of the libraries should makethe product useful throughout the state. Themethodology proposed for merging serials hold-ing data from a variety of formats should be use-ful to other groups of libraries. The union list willbe built from the holdings of Western CarolinaUniversity, University of North Carolina at Ashe-ville, and Appalachian State University. Thenholdings data for the Historical Foundation of theReformed Presbyterian Churches will be added.The Foundation collection of 1700 unique andmostly out-of-print titles is the fourth largestserials collection in the region. It is estimated thatthe four libraries hold 90 per cent of the titles inthe region. Additional details about methodology,1984 Summer�?"59

fees, and working arrangements with the con-tractor (SOLINET) are being distributed by theproject office.The Western North Carolina Project is beingassisted by the Task Force on Document Deliverywhose members have designed a study method-ology to gather data on interlibrary borrowingand lending and on document delivery. Themethodology will enable the participants to studythe effects of a new edition of their serials unioncatalog as soon as it is delivered. If data collectionis implemented rapidly, baseline data from theprevious edition of the union catalog also may beavailable. Instructions for implementing andstandardizing data collection have been pre-pared. This will be another product available forstatewide study and use.ConclusionThe pilot ZOCs described above are the firstvisible results of the effort toward statewidelibrary networking. When a second group ofmodel projects is selected in June of this year, thevariety of ZOC groupings and range of projectsavailable for site visits and discussion by librar-ians should be adequate to move the networkingplan ahead at an accelerated pace. The task for-ces, especially the one concerned with technol-ogy, are continuing to address the question �?owhatdo librarians want the network to be/do?�?� Muchwork is being done toward identifying a techno-logical design and a time frame for phased devel-opment of a network.Many other topics remain to be addressed. Itis generally agreed that the technical feasibility ofnetworking has increased greatly and that eco-nomic feasibility is improving with leadershipcoming from the private sector. More attentionnow should be focused on the professional andpolitical impacts of networking. Some of the ques-tions areWill competition among libraries for fundsreverse the trend toward networking andresource sharing?How will local governments perceive thechanging roles and funding needs of �?opub-lic�?� libraries in schools, community col-leges, universities, and of municipal publiclibraries?What changes may be needed in theorganization of libraries and the use oflibrary facilities?60�?"North Carolina LibrariesWhat will happen to the relationshipsbetween libraries and private sector pro-viders such as publishers, bookstores anddata base vendors?The already established ZOC projects and thenewly funded model ZOC projects that will oper-ate in 1984-85 will provide many of the answersto these questions. Then the task forces and theSteering Committee can derive decisions andrecommendations from field-based knowledge.The Steering Committee is devoting a majorpart of its calendar year 1984 agenda to gather-ing input and exploring options for networkdevelopment. Care will be taken not to impose agrand design that limits the options of individuallibraries or groups of libraries. Librarians through-out our state can participate in the networkdevelopment process by visiting ZOC field sites,following published reports of networking activi-ties, discussing the concepts and the specificsthat are being proposed and directing questionsand ideas to the State Library for use by theCommittee and its task forces.References1. North Carolina General Statute 125-2(10) lists the followingamong the duties of the Department of Cultural Resources,under which the Division of State Library operates: �?oTo plan andcoordinate cooperative programs between the various types oflibraries within the State of North Carolina, and to coordinateState development with regional and national cooperativelibrary programs.�?�ErrataA typographical error appeared in Renee Tay-lor�?Ts article, �?oThe Employee Perspective in theEvaluation Process,�?� which was published in theSpring 1984 issue of North Carolina Libraries(pages 12-14).The first four sentences of that article shouldhave read as follows: �?oEvaluations. No one isecstatic about making or receiving them; how-ever, they are necessary. When the time ap-proaches for my work to be evaluated, I usuallybecome a bundle of nerves and eagerly anticipatethe end of the ordeal."Not until this year, when Ibecame a member of my library's performanceappraisal committee, did I know that supervisorsdread the process too.�?�The editor regrets the error.

The State Library and LAMBDAEunice P. Drum, Joel Sigmon, and Denise SigmonIntroductionFrom April 1 through September 30, 1982,the North Carolina State Library participated in afield test of the Southeastern Library Network'sLAMBDA system. (LAMBDA is an acronym forLocal Access to and Management of Bibliogra-phic Data and Authorities.) Ten other libraries,including seven academic, one medical, one pub-lic, and one special, also participated in the test.The libraries in the test group represented a crosssection of the SOLINET membership.The State Library took part in the field test todemonstrate LAMBDA to other North Carolinalibraries and to evaluate its usefulness in estab-lishing an automated statewide network. LAMBDAhas been demonstrated by the State Library staffto over one hundred librarians from twenty-onelibraries in North Carolina. These demonstrationswere well-received and were intended to illustratethe potential of an on-line system with capabili-ties similar to LAMBDA for the proposed NorthCarolina library network.LAMBDA offers four distinct services: refer-ence support (including a user friendly patronaccess mode), institutional bibliographic database management, authority control, and editingof holdings information. Each of these services isdiscussed later in the context of its routine use bythe various areas of the State Library. LAMBDA isavailable from 9:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. Mondaythrough Friday and 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. onSaturday.The State Library's OCLC archival tapes areloaded into LAMBDA weekly. In order to savemoney and computer storage space, linkage biblio-graphic records are used rather than the StateLibrary�?Ts own records. Thus, if a record for a par-ticular work already exists in the data base, theState Library's holdings are simply attached toEunice P. Drum is Chief of Technical Services for the Divisionof State Library in Raleigh. Joel Sigmon is INWATS Librarianin Interlibrary Services for the Division of State Library.Denise Sigmon is Acquisitions Librarian in Technical Serv-ices for the Division of State Library.that record. Of course, the State Library's recordis loaded when no other record for the work isalready in the data base.The following statistics show the number ofrecords reviewed, the number of changes made,and the number of searches performed during thetest period:Total records reviewed 17,572Bibliographic records changed 2,114Authority records changed 1,651Holdings records changed 287Total records not changed 13,807Reference searches Tt27As indicated by the high number of recordsrequiring no change (79 per cent), the integrity ofthe dta base is quite good. Relatively few hold-ings records were changed because the capabilityof editing holdings information was not availableat the beginning of the test period.Since the field test, LAMBDA has been incor-porated into the daily activities of the InterlibraryServices Branch, the Reference Services Branch,and the Technical Services Section of the StateLibrary. A description of the hardware used, thetraining required, and the application of LAMBDAto State Library routines follows.HardwareTwo of OCLC�?Ts Beehive 105 terminals pro-vided access to LAMBDA during the field test andare currently used by the Technical Services Sec-tion. Each terminal is connected to a GeneralElectric Terminet 1232 printer. A Codex MX2400modem links both terminals to a dedicated tele-phone line for data transmission. A switchingmechanism allows the terminals to be connectedinterchangeably with OCLC or LAMBDA.Two Burroughs ET 1100 video display termi-nals were installed in the fall of 1983 for use bythe Interlibrary Services Branch and the Refer-ence Services Branch. One terminal is in theINWATS office of the Interlibrary Services Branch;a second terminal is in the main reading room.Both terminals are served by a Codex MX2400modem housed in INWATS. A dedicated tele-1984 Summer�?"61

phone line to SOLINET is used for data transmis-sion. (Dial access to LAMBDA is available, but adedicated line is more practical for the StateLibrary�?Ts purposes.) Each terminal is connectedto a NEC Spinwriter 7715 printer. Unlike the ter-minals now used by the Technical Services Sec-tion, the Burroughs terminals cannot be switchedto OCLC.TrainingLAMBDA is not difficult to operate, especiallyfor those with prior experience searching otherinformation retrieval systems. When the StateLibrary became a participant in the field test,seven staff members from Technical Services andone from Interlibrary Services attended a SOLI-NET training session. These persons then trainedother State Library staff.The Interlibrary Services staff designed an in-house training program, consisting of two one-hour sessions of classroom instruction and onethirty-minute session of hands-on training. Thisprogram was used to train the other staffmembers of the Interlibrary Services Branch andthe librarians of the Reference Services Branch.Use of LAMBDA by the Interlibrary ServicesBranchLAMBDA�?Ts search capabilities are well suitedto the routine information retrieval operations ofthe Interlibrary Services Branch. A unit of theInformation Services Section, the branch linksNorth Carolina�?Ts library resources to users by serv-ing as a clearinghouse and switching center for thestate�?Ts network of libraries. Materials owned by theState Library are supplied to local libraries;requests not filled from the State Library�?Ts collec-tion are referred to other libraries or organizationsin North Carolina. In carrying out its function, thebranch searches for specific titles in various for-mats and answers a wide range of reference ques-tions. Approximately twelve hundred requests aresearched each week. LAMBDA has been integratedinto the routines of the branch on an experimentalbasis in an effort to speed processing, improvesearching efficiency, and broaden the scope ofmaterial available to its users.The Interlibrary Services Branch began usingLAMBDA routinely in the fall of 1983. Prior to thattime, SOLINET did not load records weekly intothe data base, retrospective conversion had notprogressed sufficiently to make LAMBDA viable asan on-line catalog, and the Interlibrary Servicesstaff shared terminals with the cataloging staff.These factors prevented the branch from fully62�?"North Carolina Librariesincorporating LAMBDA into its routines earlier.Use was thus limited initially to searching for titlesnot verified elsewhere and for information on top-ics not easily accessible by other means.Information retrieval functions of LAMBDA.In reference work, LAMBDA may be used as anon-line catalog and shelflist, an on-line thesaurusof search terms, and an on-line union catalog. Thesystem may be searched either in the inquiry modeor in the patron access mode. A few simple com-mands must be learned to operate the system ininquiry mode. In the patron access mode, the sys-tem supplies the commands automatically andprovides help screens which give instructions forsearching; the user has to enter only the searchstatement. The Interlibrary Services Branch oper-ates the system using inquiry mode commands toavoid waiting for the help screens to appear. Spe-cific capabilities of LAMBDA�?Ts information retriev-al functions and their use by the InterlibraryServices Branch are summarized below. Examplesof actual searches are included.On-line catalog/shelflist. Because about 90per cent of the State Library�?Ts collection is present-ly in the LAMBDA data base, the branch�?Ts staffsearches LAMBDA rather than the card catalogwhenever possible. Serials in reference and genea-logical materials added to the collection prior to1975 are not yet in the data base and are searchedin the card catalog. In a typical week in January1984, the branch searched 1,018 titles and 143reference questions in LAMBDA.As an on-line catalog and shelflist, LAMBDAoffers a wide array of access points which areenhanced by Boolean connectors and truncationof word endigns. Access points include RID(Record Identifier, which is the same as the OCLCcontrol number), Library of Congress card num-ber, ISBN (International Standard Book Number),ISSN (International Standard Serial Number),title keyword (as part of the title proper or addedentry), author (as the main or added entry andincluding keywords in corporate or conferencenames), subject heading, series titles, and callnumber.Keyword searching and truncation are par-ticularly useful features for interlibrary loan proc-essing. Frequently the staff searches unverifiedtitles containing inaccurate information. The key-word searching and truncation capabilities ofLAMBDA increase the likelihood that univerifiedtitles are found. For example, a patron requested abook discussed on the �?oPhil Donahue Show.�?� Heremembered the author's last name was Levinsonand that the book had the word dyslexia in thetitle. By entering a search into LAMBDA which

combined the author�?Ts last name (truncated) andthe keyword of the title, the desired book by HaroldN. Levinson entitled Solution to the Riddle Dyslex-ta was retrieved.When searching for materials entered under acorporate or conference name, the searcher doesnot have to determine the established form of thename. Keywords can be entered into the system inany order to retrieve the desired item. For exam-ple, when searching for the proceedings of the 3rdSpecialists�?T Meeting on Reactor Noise, the staffentered the keywords 3rd reactor noise as a key-word in conference name search to retrieve thedesired item. It so happened that the establishedform of the name (pre-AACR2) for this conferencewas Tokyo (Japan). Reactor Noise, Specialistsmeeting (8rd : 1981). The advantage of keywordsearching for corporate or conference names isreadily apparent.Wher. researching a topic, keyword accessoffers a shortcut to retrieval of relevent items. Forexample, when searching for information on satel-lite television reception, the keywords satellite tele-vision entered as a title search produce relevantmaterial instantly. A subject approach to retriev-ing this information is much more cumbersomebecause valid Library of Congress subject headingsfor this concept include such esoteric terms asEarth stations (Satellite telecommunication) andArtificial satellites in telecommunication. Oncerelevant information is retrieved by searching key-words in titles, the subject headings in the tracingsare entered into the system to retrieve additionalrelevant items.The ability to enter an entire word or group ofwords into the system, rather than being limited(as in OCLC) to a few characters, provides a morespecific and direct means of retrieving the infor-mation. In OCLC, for example, the title History ofthe American Theatre, 1700-1950 is entered as�?ohis, of, th, a,�?� resulting in a �?orequest impossible�?�message from OCLC because of too many titlesretrieved. In LAMBDA, the work can be retrievedby entering the title exactly as it appears or asvarious combinations of keywords. No additionalqualifiers are needed.Use of Boolean connectors (and, or, not)allows the searcher to specify relationshipsbetween or among terms, resulting in a more com-plete, accurate, and direct search than is possiblein a card catalog or OCLC. In processing interli-brary loan requests, an author's name is frequentlycombined with keywords in a title to search for aparticular work (e.g., the author�?Ts name JohnSteinbeck combined in an and relationship withthe title keyword Americans to retrieve the bookby Steinbeck entitled America and Americans).Another common use of Boolean searching by theInterlibrary Services Branch is the combining of asubject heading with title keywords to retrieverelevant works on a particular subject (e.g., thesubject heading violin combined in an and rela-tionship with the title keyword repair # [# indi-cates truncation] to retrieve materials on repair-ing violins).Access to the shelflist is by Record Identifier.The information contained in the shelflist recordincludes local notes (e.g., price of the book, datepurchased) and holdings (e.g., number of copiesowned, which volumes of a multivolume work areowned).On-line thesaurus. The LAMBDA authorityfile serves as an on-line thesaurus. Not only does itinclude the Library of Congress subject headingsand name authority file, it also includes otherheadings appearing in a bibliographic record. Thisfeature increases its usefulness for reference work.For example, NLM (National Library of Medicine)headings are included when attached to bibliogra-phic records.The authority file is interfaced with the biblio-graphic file, allowing the searcher to find in thebibliographic file a term retrieved in the authorityfile without retyping the search statement. Thisfeature also permits searches not otherwise possi-ble in the bibliographic file due to system limita-tions. One limitation is that a maximum of tenthousand items can be retrieved. Another is thatwhen the system searches subject terms with sub-headings, it searches subdivisions separatelybefore combining them to produce a result. Forexample, the subject heading North Carolina�?"Description and travel cannot be searched direct-ly in the bibliographic file because the number ofitems assigned either the heading North Carolinaor the subheading Description and travel exceedsthe search maximum. It can, however, be searchedby first locating the heading in the authority fileand then retrieving those items in the bibliogra-phic file assigned that unique heading.The Interlibrary Services Branch generallysearches the LAMBDA authority file in place of theprinted Library of Congress subject headings whendetermining valid subject headings or cross refer-ences. In most cases using LAMBDA is faster thanusing the printed volumes, and the interfacebetween the bibliographic and authority files de-scribed above makes it convenient.Having the institution�?Ts own authority fileinstantly available also saves time. For example,AACR2 name changes, such as George BernardShaw�?Ts works being entered under Shaw, Bernard1984 Summer�?"63

rather than Shaw, George Bernard, are readilytracked by searching the authority file.On-line union catalog. Because the StateLibrary is one of only two North Carolina librariesusing LAMBDA, this function is not yet as useful asit could be. It does, however, have potential for astatewide automated system. The on-line unioncatalog operates in the same manner as the on-linecatalog except that local notes and holdingsinformation (i.e., the number of copies owned,which volumes of a multivolume work are owned)cannot be accessed for other libraries.The chief benefit of the LAMBDA union catal-og at present is that it provides the InterlibraryServices Branch with a good general bibliographicsource. Nearly 1,400,000 unique bibliographicrecords representing collections of various typesof libraries are in the data base, greatly expandingthe scope of easily searchable information for thebranch. Once a record is retrieved, OCLC or theNorth Carolina Union Catalog is searched todetermine North Carolina locations.Use of LAMBDA by the Reference ServicesBranchThe Reference Services Branch of the StateLibrary provides reference service to both stateemployees and other patrons visiting the mainreading room. In addition, it maintains the li-brary�?Ts circulation records. Unlike the InterlibraryServices Branch, the Reference Services Branchdid not use LAMBDA until a terminal was installedin the main reading room in the fall of 1983. Thereference staff shares this terminal with the Inter-library Services staff. These two factors have pre-vented the reference librarians from integratingLAMBDA fully into their routine activities. Never-theless, they find it to be a helpful tool and antici-pate that it will become more valuable in thefuture.The reference staff performs forty to fiftysearches per week, with keyword in title searchesbeing the most frequent type. LAMBDA is used bythe reference librarians primarily to locate specifictitles when partial or inaccurate citations are pro-vided by patrons. It is not yet extensively used inanswering reference questions. Occasionally thestaff generates bibliographies of works by a partic-ular author or on a given subject.While LAMBDA is not a circulation system, itassists with routine circulation procedures be-cause of the shelflist information provided. Theon-line shelflist (called the detailed holdings file inLAMBDA) is searched to determine the price paidby the State Library for publications when billing64�?"North Carolina Librariesusers for lost or damaged materials. It verifieswhich volumes of a serial or other multivolumework are in the State Library's collection. Thenumber of copies owned is also indicated in thedetailed holdings file. When a renewal is requestedand the item is not found in the circulation file, asearch by call number verifies if the State Librarydoes indeed own the particular work.Use of LAMBDA by the Technical ServicesSectionRegular cataloging maintenance is performedon LAMBDA by the Technical Services staff of theState Library. Errors in bibliographic, authority,and detailed holdings records are corrected whenidentified. Each type of record is updated andsupplied with additional data when appropriate.Changes made to bibliographic records in-clude correcting typographical and tagging errors,filling in missing codes or fields (e.g., the MARCcode 043 designating geographic area), and cor-recting other cataloging errors. Bibliographicrecords are altered automatically by the systemwhenever changes are made in the authority file.For example, adding a See Twain, Mark, 1835-1910 cross reference to the name and subjectauthority records for Samuel Langhorne Clemenschanges all Clemens, Samuel Langhorne, 1835-1910 headings in the bibliographic records toTwain, Mark, 1835-1910.Authority records are modified by updatingheadings to current usage, correcting typograph-ical errors, adding death dates to personal naméheadings, supplying cross references to link thevarious forms of a heading, and adding explan-atory notes (e.g., attaching brief agency histories torecords for governmental bodies). If the currentlyaccepted form of a heading does not exist in theauthority file, a new authority record is created ona work form. Cross references from the incorrector old form of the heading are included in the newrecord. By adding a used for cross reference to thenew record, the system automatically supplies thecorresponding see reference to the old record.Detailed holdings records are reviewed sys-tematically to verify and change as needed thecall number, holding library location (i.e., refer-ence, genealogy, oversize), local notes, and volumeor copy information. Because the entire recordmust be re-edited on OCLC to change holdingsinformation, the State Library does not routinelyupdate holdings on OCLC. Thus the LAMBDAholdings records must be reviewed to make theneeded changes. When errors are reported by theReference Services Branch and the InterlibraryServices Branch, corrections are made.

SOLINET is developing a library service pro-gram for small libraries. Because many smalllibraries already have microcomputers, a batchprocess for cataloging current acquisitions withamicrocomputer will be offered initially. On-linecapability will be available later. The State LibraryProcessing Center plans to investigate the feasi-bility of automating its cataloging operationsusing SOLINET�?Ts service once on-line capability isinstituted.Recommendations and ObservationsRecommendations for improving the infor-mation retrieval capabilities of LAMBDA includethe following: adding the capability of specifyingword order in title searches; providing a means ofqualifying searches by date and by type of mate-rial; creating an index of titles, subjects, and cor-porate or conference names searchable by key-word; clarifying instructions in the patron accessmode; and finally, expanding the system overallto increase the number of items that can beretrieved per search.Cataloging maintenance functions can beimproved in at least two ways. First, by replacinglinkage records with the State Library's ownrecords, the number of corrections needed willautomatically be reduced. Second, editing timewill be saved by simplifying the protocol for mak-ing changes to the data base (e.g., two screensmust now be called up when changing detailedholdings records).As the data base grows and improvementsare made in access and maintenance capabilities,LAMBDA becomes increasingly useful to the StateLibrary. All staff members using LAMBDA evalu-ate it favorably and find it genuinely helpful intheir work. Generally, response time is good, andthe system is down rarely. The staff looks forwardto the continuing use of LAMBDA and eventualimplementation of an automated statewide sys-tem providing similar capabilities.pak Ruzic + Solth. Inc.WHAT DO YOU LOOK FOR IN A BINDERY?iam Zell] axore) | -Yerdfe laine (-sX-18 =m Lal ms ole LaLe)ry-or-)| (-1alexcMecnaeclialsvemm Calaelelelalr-7-4ol A-1-L esexperience.Certified by the Library Binding Institute,we offer you a choice.Select Class �?oA�?� binding or try our Superflex.) Both are fully guaranteed in materials andWrela.@nar-talvall onSERVICE, QUALITY, AND FAIR PRICES... THE RUZICKA WAY.Come by for a personal tour of our facilities.Call or write for particulars.911 Northridge Street ¢ P. O. Box 21568 * Greensboro, Nola tale @x- (ee) lat W-ae-r-40)Telephone (919) 299-7534An Equal Opportunity1984 Summer�?"65

Library Networking:A School Library PerspectiveMary A. HollowayNetworking, access, cataloging standards,AACR2, and OCLC�?"how and why do these relateto school library/media centers? To answer thatquestion, one must consider the role of the schoollibrary and its needs in relation to the network.The library media center has two salientfunctions. It provides an organized body ofresources to support the school�?Ts curriculum andinstruction, and it has an instructional role for itsstudents, faculty, and staff. To accomplish thesefunctions effectively, all of the more permanentmedia resources of the school should be catalogedfor easy access with a master catalog of the col-lection as the point of entry for users.The establishment and maintenance of thecatalog consume precious time. With several sys-tems networked, a central ordering and process-ing task could be more efficient. The GreensboroCity School System has a central processing ser-vice for its schools. The system, a member ofOCLC, not only purchases, processes, and distrib-utes to each school prepared library materials butalso receives catalog cards as a by-product of themembership and use of the OCLC data base.Using the terminal, the central staff can alsolocate the system�?Ts total holdings and determinewhich schools house a specific title or the numberof copies of a title available.Access to these services and to a machine-readable data base could have great benefits notonly at the individual schools but also at the sys-tem level when there is a need to share resourcesand to reorganize collections. These procedurescould then be planned with complete, accuratedata and completed with dispatch.Three important features of this system needto be noted. First, the volume of services of theprocessing center needs to be extensive enough towarrant the cost. The result, of course, is thatrecords will then be in a standard format accept-able for inclusion in a network and for electronicsearch and sharing.Mary A. Holloway is Assistant Director of Media EvaluationServices for the North Carolina een of PublicInstruction. 366�?"North Carolina LibrariesThe competency goals and performance indi-cators of the Department of Public Instructionstate that students should be introduced toresources beyond the school level, which mayinclude the public library, on-line research serv-ices, academic libraries, or other communityresources. To complete this task successfully, theschool library needs to have some method forcommunicating easily with other school librariesand the larger world of public, university, andspecial libraries. A pilot Zone of Cooperation proj-ect, called CLONE, offers a networking model forproviding student awareness of the communitylibrary resources available to them. The partici-pating members (Edgecombe Technical CollegeLibrary, North Carolina Wesleyan College Library,Braswell Memorial Library, Edgecombe CountyMemorial Library) plan to provide microfichecopies of their COM catalog to the high schools inthe area.The removal of time-consuming technicalchores frees the media professional to assist inthe greater use of all resources, both in-house andoutside. If entering a statewide network that rec-ognizes these concerns and that maps strategiesfor levels of participation can help school librar-ies, such a move should be considered.When considering a network, whether it belocal among school, public, and community col-lege libraries, or regional among public, special,academic, and school libraries, public schoolshave three desirable assets of numbers, print andnonprint collections, and equipment.First, the 1983 Annual PPAR Report records2,014 school: libraries in North Carolina withapproximately seventeen hundred full-time mediapersonnel backed by strong state-level supportfor them in the Department of Public Instruction,Educational Media and Technology Area. By pro-viding access for all citizens, school libraries offeran entry point to many resources. This fact doesnot negate the primary intent for these materials,to support the instructional program, but ratherenhances their value.The second asset of school libraries is theavailability of resources of both print and non-

print resources, as well as the equipment forusing films, videotape, and other audiovisualmedia. Since educators recognize students�?T differ-ent learning styles, school collections of audiovis-ual materials reflect the need for a greater varietyof media than do other types of libraries. With theincreased emphasis on literacy, these resourceshave educational value for both students andadults.Finally, if the experience of the staff at theMedia Evaluation Center of the Department ofPublic Instruction is accurate, many schools andschool libraries are developing microcomputercourseware collections, another significant medi-um for accommodating learning styles. Themicrocomputer may be the technology needed tomeet the networking goals.ConclusionIn her doctoral dissertation, �?oThe Role of theSchool Library Media Program in a MultitypeLibrary Network,�?� Barbara Immroth states that�?othe actual experience of the participants in Colo-rado demonstrated the ability of a multitypelibrary network to successfully include schools.�?�!To be a part of the total library picture in NorthCarolina�?Ts network, what preparations shouldschool libraries make now and in the future?Short-range plans. Establish working rela-tionships with building level administration, fac-ulty, and students to share knowledge of network-ing potential.Establish human networks locally, regionally,and statewide to share ideas and expertise withother professional librarians.Encourage system-level interaction withthose who have media responsibilities.Be cognizant of the process and its implica-tions for the school library in particular.Read and review the relevant, related litera-ture regularly.Work with the North Carolina Association ofSchool Librarians to review the issues and helpplan directions, in-service training, and support.Explore the opportunities to network onmany different levels within all types of situations.Remember that networking can be a cooperativeventure that may or may not involve resourceexchange.Define the local benefits and drawbacks rea-listically. Studies in Connecticut have shown thatprojected drawbacks due to lack of staff time orgovernance did not materialize in pilot projects.�?�Be realistic about costs. For example, wouldsystem-level processing be a cost effective prod-uct of belonging to the OCLC system? Also consid-er grouping together all the libraries in an area formaterials processing as a cost-cutting measure.Encourage staff members to learn all theycan from reading, from conference attendance,from a video course, and from on-site visits. Aknowledge of AACR2, MARC format, telecommun-ications, and automation are all good startingpoints.Long-range plans. Consider how your schoollibrary's materials and human resources canbecome a part of a network. Consider the collec-tion. Is the shelflist in order? Should specific plansfor weeding be detailed? Consider plans for train-ing teachers and students in telecommunicationsand research using printed indexes and expand-ing to on-line catalog. Be aware of how any auto-mated procedure begun now may need tointerface later. For instance, include ISBN or LCnumbers as reference points for matching withestablished data bases.Ensure that resources chosen to be includedin a statewide bibliographic data base are cata-loged to the required standards. Know the stand-ards and request that preprocessed materialspurchased for the school library meet them.Interesting ideas are being discussed aboutnetworking in North Carolina by the North Caro-lina Library Networking Steering Committee, bylibrarians, and by citizens.The day of an individualschool library/media center, isolated from otherschool libraries and other library resources andlibrary users, is fading.Realistically, not every school library will joinan electronic network, but varying levels of co-operation can be achieved. Networking, electroniccooperation, is working today.Ready access to resources for the best serviceto the most people is a definite need. Be a part.References1. Barbara Froling Immroth, �?oThe Role of the School LibraryMedia Program in a Multitype Library Network�?T (Ph.D. disserta-tion, University of Pittsburgh, 1980).2. Eugene A. Lynch, �?oA Survey of School Library Participation inCooperative Activities in Southeastern Connecticut�?� (Paperpresented at the Annual Convention of the Connecticut Educa-tional Media Association, New Haven, October 29, 1981): 20.1984 Summer�?"67

The Triangle Research LibrariesNetworkJoe A. HewittThe Triangle Research Libraries Network(TRLN), now entering its fifth year, has been de-scribed to professional audiences in North Caro-lina on a number of occasions. For that reason,one assumes that readers of North CarolinaLibraries are familiar with TRLN�?Ts origins as partof the long history of cooperation among thelibraries of Duke University, North Carolina StateUniversity (NCSU), and the University of NorthCarolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH). This article willfocus on TRLN�?Ts concrete objectives, its currentstatus, and plans for the future.Objectives of ProjectTRLN�?Ts immediate objective is to create aprototype, state-of-the-art, research library net-work consisting of linked on-line catalogs. (Theon-line catalog being developed by TRLN has beennamed the Bibliographic Information System orBIS.) Each library will operate a BIS supportingits own data base on an in-house Tandem compu-ter; the systems will be linked through telecom-munications facilities to form a distributednetwork. Users at each campus of the networkwill have access to each catalog separately and tothe combined catalogs as if they were a unioncatalog of the three collections.Long-term plans include the implementationof circulation, acquisitions, and serials controlsubsystems to operate in an integrated way withthe Bibliographic Information Systems. TRLN isnot committed to developing original software forthese subsystems. For each function, we willinvestigate availability of source code or designspecifications suitable for adaptation to Tandemand BIS environments. As of this writing (Febru-ary 1984), TRLN is negotiating with a consultantto conduct a study aimed at identifying circula-tion software potentially usable by TRLN.Joe A. Hewitt is Associate University Librarian for TechnicalServices at the Davis Library, the University of North Carolinaat Chapel Hill.68�?"North Carolina LibrariesSystems CharacteristicsIn order to get an accurate perspective onTRLN systems within the broad framework oflibrary automation, it is useful to focus on themajor distinguishing features of the project,which are noted briefly below.1. TRLN development has focused on the on-line catalog as the core and first module of anintegrated system rather than beginning from aperipheral application such as circulation. It isexpected that this approach will lead to an on-line catalog which is free of limitations resultingfrom basic design decisions oriented toward otherfunctions. The main thrust of TRLN�?Ts originalsoftware development will continue to be the on-line catalog and its future enhancements. It is inthis area that TRLN hopes to establish a positionof leadership among research libraries.2. TRLN systems are being designed toaddress the needs of research libraries with largeand rapidly expanding collections, complex orga-nizations, and demanding clienteles. TRLN systemswill accommodate an organizationally complexlibrary system with scattered specialized collec-tions using a variety of cataloging rules and classi-fication schemes. Thus the BIS will representphysical holdings and bibliographic relationshipsto a level of detail sufficient to handle researchlibrary collections. The relatively expensive Tan-dem computer was chosen because of its redun-dancy, reliability, and expandability.3. TRLN systems are being designed to meetthe unique needs of each TRLN library, but at thesame time to serve as a node of a local area net-work which, in turn, will be capable of linking withother local networks, state and regional networks,and national bibliographic utilities.In general, then, TRLN should be regarded asa large-scale, complex, and somewhat expensivesystem explicitly designed to meet the needs ofresearch libraries. We have completed no studiesto determine the minimum collection size atwhich a TRLN system would be cost-effective. BISand peripheral TRLN systems must be more fullydeveloped before such a study could be done with

any degree of precision. TRLN staff, however,intuitively accept the figure of five hundred thou-sand volumes as the minimum below which aTRLN system would not be worthwhile, either foran individual library or for a group of librariesusing a single TRLN system.TRLN should also be viewed as a systemdesigned to be a research library node in an open-access, wide-area network providing a variety oflevels and types of access to all potential users ofthe collections of the primary members. More onthis aspect of TRLN is included below under theheading Linking and Access.Current StatusA long-standing and sometimes overusedTRLN slogan is �?oproviding short-term benefitswhile working toward long-term goals.�?� Althoughabused, this phrase does tend to describe the cur-rent status of the TRLN project. TRLN has oper-ated serviceable systems since the fall of 1980while at the same time making considerable pro-gress toward the development of the TRLN Biblio-graphic Information System.The Archive Tape Processing System (ATS)and the Online Editing System (OES) haveallowed TRLN libraries to build and maintaintheir bibliographic and holdings data bases forthe BIS, thereby avoiding a major project at thetime of implementation. Validation modules,inherent components of both the ATS and OES,provide quality control over the contents of thedata bases. As of February 4, 1984, the size of theTRLN data bases aggregated to 1,047,379 records,distributed among the TRLN libraries as inTable 1.Other operational systems include the COMcatalog production system and the report of recentacquisitions. Two TRLN COM catalogs have beenproduced. The latest, distributed in February 1984,consists of 657 fiche and includes author, title, andsubject listings. Four-weekly lists of recently cata-loged titles arranged by location and call numbersare produced and distributed to TRLN libraries,which in turn duplicate the lists and make themavailable to faculty, students, and staff.The ATS, COM production system, and therecent acquisition service operate on the UNIVAC90/80 at Administrative Data Processing at UNC-CH. (The ATS and recent acquisition service arebeing reprogrammed to run on the newly installedIBM 3083.) The OES, considered the predecessorof the BIS, operates on the Tandem NonStop IComputer located in the Davis Library at UNC-CH.A great deal of effort on the part of TRLNSystems Advisory and Cataloging Policy Commit-tees has gone into the development of functionalspecifications for the OES and the BIS. This workrepresents, we believe, one of the most thoroughlydocumented library systems design efforts at thefunctional level in existence. The results of thiswork are contained in a set of system design doc-uments available from TRLN for the cost of dupli-cation.The BIS will be brought up in stages beginningin the summer of 1984. The first segment, expectedin July, will include author, title, and series accessas well as access by various control numbers. Callnumber access and shelf list browsing is plannedfor early fall 1984; subject access by controlledsubject terms is due late in the fall, followed by thedevelopment of enhanced subject access, includ-ing Boolean operators and use of a variety of delim-iters for restricting retrieval sets. Detailed designof the circulation subsystem will begin in Sep-tember 1984. The target date for implementing thecirculation subsystem cannot be predicted until itis known whether original software must be writ-ten or already existing programming can be adapt-ed. Preliminary investigation of potentially usefulacquisitions and serials control software will alsobegin in the fall of 1984.Space does not allow a detailed description ofthe features of the TRLN on-line catalog. It shouldbe noted, however, that a number of features pre-sumed to make a system �?ouser friendly�?� areplanned. These include choice of guided and com-eeeTABLE IDistribution of TRLN recordsDuke PerkinsDuke LawDuke Medical CenterDuke BusinessNCSUUNC-CH AcademicUNC-CH Health SciencesJan. 7 Feb. 4 Growth170,938 174,390 8,45216,401 16,666 265843 1,027 1841,469 1,922 453430,645 433,041 2,396358,094 362,505 4,41155,820 57,828 2,0081,034,210 1,047,379 13,169nn EEE1984 Summer�?"69

mand modes; generous use of instructional andhelp messages; choice of display formats; limitingof searches by date, language, etc.; searching byspecific collections and collection subsets; and soon. We expect that the BIS, as an on-line catalog,will be equal to other on-line catalogs in mostrespects while being superior in some, which is tobe expected of what is conceived as a secondgeneration system. System deficiencies, of course,are not being planned and cannot be described inany specific way at this time.In predicting the availability of TRLN systems,a distinction must always be made between thecompletion of asegment of software and the avail-ability of sufficient hardware, particularly storagespace, to actually operate the new component.This is especially the case as long as the systems forall TRLN libraries are operated on the same com-puter at UNC-CH. The projected dates noted aboveare for completing the coding of software modulesand their testing on small test files. Actual imple-mentation could be delayed, perhaps considera-bly, by lack of funds to acquire disk drives. Currentplans call for mounting the UNC-CH data base forafull-scale field test of all BIS components whilesimultaneously maintaining the Duke and NCSUfiles on-line in BIS format for data base mainte-nance. Potential outside users of TRLN should beaware that the network will not be fully operation-al until Tandem computer systems have beeninstalled in all TRLN libraries. Although steps areunderway to acquire hardware at Duke and NCSU,the timing of the required funding is still uncertain.Organization and Financial SupportThe TRLN libraries recognize that local devel-opment of asystem on the scale of the BIS involvesalong-term commitment to software maintenanceand enhancement. Like all such systems, the BISwill be an evolving system under constant pressureto adjust to the external networking environment,to various standards as they are developed, to newgenerations of computing equipment, and to thegrowing demands of users. This substantial com-mitment can only be met by continuing institu-tional funding and by an organization capable ofoperating a stable network. The soft-money financ-ing and relatively informal organization whichhave characterized TRLN as a developmental proj-ect will no longer be appropriate when TRLNmakes the transition to an operational network.In the past year TRLN has made considerableprogress in terms of both funding and organiza-tion. Prior to fiscal year 1983/84, TRLN�?Ts principalsupport came from the Department of Education�?Ts70�?"North Carolina LibrariesStrengthening Research Library Resources Pro-gram (Title II-C). In 1983/84, UNC-CH AcademicAffairs Library was able to include in its continuingbudget the cost of two systems positions as well asfunds to maintain the Tandem computer beingused for development. Additional funds for com-puting equipment were also made available. TheUNC-CH Health Affairs Library assumed the costof one programming position. NCSU added anoth-er programming position to the staff assistantposition they had been funding for some time.Duke took steps to work support for the remainingTRLN positions into its budget cycle when TitleII-C support ends in October 1984. These steps,taken together, ensure the continuation of TRLNat least on the scale that it has existed in the past.In the past year TRLN hasmade considerable progress interms of both funding andorganization.TRLN�?Ts overall strategy will be for each institu-tion to maintain its own on-line catalog while mak-ing a contribution to the central TRLN organi-zation which will supply software maintenanceand other technical support. Means to meet thesecond obligation are in place or planned, butmajor funding hurdles remain with respect toacquiring hardware at NCSU and Duke. It isexpected that this funding will be acquiredthrough special institutional allocations orthrough foundation grants. Administrators inTRLN libraries are optimistic about recent initia-tives in both directions, but funding for all nodes ofthe network remains an area of uncertainty at thistime.Throughout 1983 the TRLN Organization Com-mittee and the directors of the TRLN librariesworked on an instrument for establishing a formalTRLN organization. As a development project,TRLN operated through a relatively structuredorganization but one based ultimately on an un-written understanding among the library direc-tors. As the time approached for a majorinvestment of institutional funds, it became evi-dent that a more formal agreement and organiza-tion, were necessary for the governance andmanagement of a network. A number of alterna-tives were explored including establishing TRLN asa not-for-profit corporation. The form chosen wasan unincorporated consortium based on a Memo-

randum of Understanding signed by the Chancel-lors of the three institutions, with one of themembers acting as host institution and legal agent.As of February 1984, the draft Memorandum hadpassed review at all levels of the three universitiesand was being prepared for signing by the chan-cellors.The Memorandum of Understanding estab-lishes a Governing Board consisting of the chiefofficers of each member library, plus one universi-ty administrative officer appointed by the chancel-lor of each member institution. The memberlibraries are defined as those institutions�?T separ-ately administered libraries which are members ofOCLC. Thus the charter member libraries of TRLN,each with Board representation, are the FuquaSchool of Business Library, Law Library, MedicalCenter Library, and Perkins Library at Duke; theAcademic Affairs Library and Health SciencesLibrary at UNC-CH; and the D.H. Hill Library atNCSU. It is anticipated that the board will act byconsensus, but when a position supported by con-sensus cannot be found, the board will vote byinstitution, with an unanimous vote of the threeinstitutions required for action.The Memorandym of Understanding also estab-lishes the position of TRLN director to manage thenetwork and report to the governing board. Thecreation of this position serves to separate TRLNmanagement from the administration of the hostlibrary and to consolidate management responsi-bilities previously shared by the associate directorfor technical services at UNC-CH�?Ts AcademicAffairs Library, the TRLN library systems analyst,and the assistant director of administrative dataprocessing at UNC-CH.The Memorandum continues many of theproven organizational features of TRLN. The coor-dinating committee will continue in its role ofoverseeing the design and operation of TRLN sys-tems through a series of advisory committeesmade up of staff of the member libraries. Thechairmanship of the coordinating committee, untilnow closely associated with the position of coordi-nator of the Title II -C projects, will be chosenannually by the members of the committee. Boththe TRLN director and the chair of the coordinat-ing committee will attend meetings of the govern-ing board.UNC-CH has been designated host library foran initial term of three years. Subsequent terms ofthree years will be arranged with the mutual con-sent of the governing board and the library whichis willing to serve as host. TRLN staff, until recentlydivided between quarters at Wilson Library andUNC-CH Administrative Data Processing, are nowhoused in UNC-CH�?Ts new Davis Library, as is theTRLN Tandem computer. Permanent quarters forthe UNC-CH node of the network (and for TRLNstaff, if UNC-CH�?Ts term as host library is extended)will be constructed in Wilson Library as part of theWilson renovation project.Taken together, these steps to secure fundingfrom the institutions and to establish a formalTRLN organization have placed TRLN on a found-ation far sounder than that provided by softmoney during the early developmental years. Thatfinancial and organizational support will allowTRLN to become astable component ina statewidenetwork along the lines recommended by the KingResearch report and now being developed by theNorth Carolina Network Steering Committee. Justwhat TRLN�?Ts role should be in such a network issubject to definition, but as the following sectionsuggests, TRLN will provide capabilities for access-ing the state�?Ts largest collections, which can only beuseful in such a networking effort.Linking and AccessTRLN has always pursued a number of goalswhich reflect a variety of internal and externalinterests. On each campus there is a need to pro-vide access from branch libraries to the holdingsof the main library, both to allow habitual users ofspecialized libraries to make greater use of thetotal resources of the institution and to allowgreater coordination of collection developmentwithin each library system. There is also a needon each campus to capitalize on the widespreadavailability of terminals and microcomputers indepartmental and faculty offices in providingaccess to library collections.Among the campuses there is a need to pro-vide mutual access to collections to support long-standing programs of coordinated collectiondevelopment and to allow faculty and students toapproach the three collections as a single inte-grated resource. Users in the Research TrianglePark, particularly at the National Humanities�?T Center, also need improved access to the collec-tions of the research universities. At the sametime, there is a need to make the research re-sources concentrated in the triangle area access-ible to potential users throughout the state.Related to these needs for accessibility to the col-lections of TRLN libraries is a need to link TRLNsystems to the bibliographic utilities and perhapsto regional networks. All of these concerns fall inthe general area of linking and access.Fortunately, technical capabilities developedto meet one need will in many cases meet other1984 Summer�?"71

needs. The requirement on each campus for avariety of modes of access will result in a systemwhich is also hospitable to a wide range of accessfor off-campus users. TRLN systems will be able tosupport dial access using a variety of terminals,access through dedicated lines, and computer-to-computer access in appropriate applications. Thetype of access most appropriate to outside librar-ies will depend on the volume and type of use. Asa statewide network based on the concept of thezones of cooperation (ZOC) evolves, it is expectedthat TRLN can play a number of possible rolesdepending on the optimal configuration for anygiven library or group of libraries.Several TRLN projects related to linking andaccess are worthy of note. Although general sup-port from the Department of Education will endin October 1984, another grant application hasbeen submitted that focuses on the linkingaspects of the network. Initially, interlibraryaccess to the on-line catalogs will be throughterminals located at each library connected viadedicated lines to the systems at the other librar-ies. A second level of access will be establishedwith the computer-to-computer links, at whichtime any terminal connected to a TRLN systemwill have access to all Bibliographic InformationSystems in the network. These methods will pro-vide serial access only, that is, the capability ofsearching each data base in succession.TRLN�?Ts ultimate objective is to provide accesssuch that the three separate data bases can func-tion from the user�?Ts viewpoint as a single unioncatalog. Meeting this objective will require a sys-tem design and software development effort ofsome magnitude. Design specifications will beprepared for operations such as query handlingand terminal contention in the multiple data baseenvironment and collecting and merging retrievalsets from separate data bases. Special displayformats for merged retrieval sets will also bedeveloped. The grant will also support coding andtesting of linking software and partial implemen-tation of the links. Although TRLN staff will haveto complete this work in any case, the links will beavailable sooner if supported by Title IJ-C funds.It should be pointed out that until the fullytransparent link is developed, outside users ofTRLN may have to use separate connections toeach TRLN on-line catalog.The Council on Library Resources has in-cluded TRLN as an official observer of the LinkedSystem Project (LSP). The LSP is a council-funded project involving LC, RLIN, and WLN todevelop standard protocols for linking biblio-graphic data bases. As the work progresses, the72�?"North Carolina Librariescouncil periodically sponsors meetings of repre-sentatives of selected systems organizations toinform them of developments with the projectand to encourage the adoption of the LSP pro-tocols. TRLN is interested in the possibility ofdeveloping linkages compatible with the LSP pro-tocol, both to promote standards in general andto increase the possibility that TRLN software canbe useful to others.For some time, TRLN has been negotiatingwith OCLC to undertake a collaborative effort todevelop an online interface between the OCLCcataloging system and the BIS. This project hasreceived approval by OCLC management and pre-liminary planning began in January 1984. Whencompleted, such a link will represent an impor-tant step in the direction of a rational interfacebetween OCLC and locally developed on-linesystems.These linking activities are highlighted hereto emphasize TRLN�?Ts commitment to the conceptof linking local systems as a means of creatingwide-area networks and service areas. Linking ofindependent bibliographic systems is still asomewhat neglected and underdeveloped tech-nology, and much remains to be done before flex-ible, affordable linking mechanisms can be usedto create a statewide network. TRLN�?Ts currentwork related to linking represents groundworkwhich in time will lead to technical capabilities onour part which will allow TRLN to be an effectivepartner in a statewide networking effort.NCASL ConferenceThe 1984 NCASL Biennial Work Conferencewill be held in Raleigh, October 4-5, at the RaleighCivic Center Complex.If any section or committee of NCLA wouldlike to meet in Raleigh during the Work Confer-ence, please notify Helen Tugwell, vice-chairman/chairman elect of NCASL, immediately.Address and telephone numbers:Helen TugwellRoute 6, Box 214Wilson, NC 27893Home: 919-243-2630Work: 919-291-9450The theme of this year�?Ts conference is�?oLibrary Media Services: Practical and Political.�?�

eeThe North Carolina AHEC NetworkLynne Siemers�?oThe North Carolina Area Health EducationCenter (AHEC) Program is a unique partnershipbetween the university health science center andthe community ... to improve the geographic dis-tribution of well-trained health professionals andsupport personnel, and to increase the supply ofpersonnel trained to meet the primary health careneeds of the people of North Carolina.�?�In addition to its goal of training and retrain-ing primary health care personnel and improvingthe distribution of health manpower, the AHECprogram is a voluntary effort to1. Enhance the professional environment by providingopportunities for continuing education and technical assist-ance for all health personnel at a regional and local level.2. Provide training opportunities in community settings forstudents in allied health, dentistry, medicine, nursing,pharmacy and public health.3. Avoid duplication of training efforts by a coordinatedsystem of university and community education networks,while enhancing regional training capabilities.�?TThe nine AHECs in the state are linked to auniversity health sciences center as well as com-munity hospitals, other university campuses, com-munity colleges, technical institutes, and practic-ing professionals in their respective regions. Theprogram has developed under the leadership ofthe dean of the School of Medicine at the Univer-sity of North Carolina in Chapel Hill with the co-operation of other health schools at Chapel Hill(Dentistry, Nursing, Pharmacy, Public Health), theBowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake ForestUniversity, the Duke University Medical Center,and the East Carolina University Health ScienceSchools (Medicine, Nursing, Allied Health).The History of AHEC in North CarolinaIn 1970 the Carnegie Commission on HigherEducation issued a report, Higher Education andthe Nation�?Ts Health. This report came at a time ofconcern over the shortage of health manpower;the Comprehensive Health Manpower TrainingAct of 1971 was strongly influenced by the report.Lynne Siemers is AHEC Liaison Librarian at the Health Sci-ences Library at the University of North Carolina at ChapelHill.One recommendation of the Carnegie Commissioncalled for the creation of area health educationcenters designed to improve the quality of healthtraining and to overcome the geographic maldistri-bution of health professionals.°At the same time, the UNC-CH School of Medi-cine was developing affiliations with communityhospitals in the state to provide clinical trainingfor medical students. Funds for this activity wereprovided by the North Carolina Regional MedicalProgram, the Duke Endowment, and the NorthCarolina General Assembly. These activities en-abled the university to respond to requests forintent to develop AHEC programs from the Bureauof Health Manpower Education of the Departmentof Health, Education, and Welfare. Monies forthese AHECs had been authorized in the 1971Comprehensive Health Manpower Training Act.In 1972, HEW awarded the UNC-CH School ofMedicine a contract for $8.5 million to developthree AHECs. This was one of the original elevencontracts in the country. The school received anadditional $1 million for the projects from statefunds and from six community hospitals. In 1974the North Carolina General Assembly appropri-ated $28.2 million to expand the AHEC programinto a statewide network with nine regional cen-ters. Each AHEC was to include a library and audio-visual resource center.The Library and Information Services NetworkThe North Carolina AHEC program markedits ten-year anniversary in 1983. An integral partof the program�?"some say its most visible com-ponent�?"has always been the library and informa-tion services network. The network itself is astatewide resource, providing access for healthprofessionals not only to the resources of each ofthe thirteen present AHEC libraries but also to thehealth science center libraries. In addition, eachAHEC library has developed its collections andservices in response to the unique needs of theregion�?Ts health professionals. Networking is a keycomponent among the objectives which the librar-ies defined for themselves in the 1981 Standards:1984 Summer�?"73

1. To provide information services to the AHEC region fromthe AHEC center by developing a core collection of books,audiovisual materials, and journals within the region andby providing access to the resource libraries of North Caro-lina and the national biomedical communication networks.2. To develop library collections in health care facilitieslocated in the AHEC region.3. To provide access to audiovisual equipment and produc-tion services in support of educational activities of theAHEC region through referral or on-site facilities.4. To disseminate information concerning AHEC and espe-cially library learning resource center resources and ser-vices.5. To make all types of information more available by anetwork of shared resources with public libraries andlibraries of other health agencies, community colleges, andtechnical institutes.Perhaps one of the most telling indications ofthe growth of the network of AHEC libraries is theincrease in professional personnel. The first AHEClibrarian was hired in 1974. Ten years later, thereare 17 librarians employed throughout the state.Having realized early on the benefits of coopera-tion and networking, the AHEC libraries andlibrarians have continued to add to the list ofaccomplishments of the network. To date thisranges from the fifth edition of the Union List ofAudiovisuals to on-line demonstrations at statemeetings of health professionals.Network Products and ServicesThe North Carolina AHEC Audiovisual UnionList is published annually. The 1983-84 edition,available in either microfiche or paper copy, listsover eight thousand unique audiovisual programs.Holdings include the four academic resource librar-ies and the nine AHEC libraries. Microfiche copiesare distributed free to all North Carolina hospitals.Other libraries and agencies may purchase the listfrom the Central AHEC Office.Other products of the AHEC network includea monthly newsletter, an annual directory of per-sonnel, and the 1981 NC AHEC Library/LRCStandards. These standards reflect the emphasison local development which is apparent through-out the system: �?o... a major strength of the AHECprogram lies in the autonomy granted each re-gional center; (thus, | no attempt has been made togive numerical quotas in the standards state-ments. Rather, the focus is on stating the scope,level, and quality of service recommended; [the]guidelines are intended to assist in attaining ...standards. This is both an assessment and plan-ning tool that will enable AHEC directors and staffto develop services cooperatively to address re-gional needs.�?�®Because all AHEC libraries have access to theon-line databases of both Bibliographic Retrieval74�?"North Carolina LibrariesServices, Inc., and the National Library of Medi-cine, it has become almost routine to plan theeducational demonstrations of these on-line servi-ces at the annual meetings of physicians, nurses,pharmacists, dentists, physicians�?T assistants, hos-pital administrators, and public health personnel.A follow-up study is planned to determine whateffect participation in these demonstrations hason the further use of library and information servi-ces by these health professionals.Regional DifferencesWhile the primary focus so far has been on thecooperative activities of the network, it is equallyimportant to examine the difference betweenlibrary and information services in each AHEC(see Figure 1). It is here that the �?oregional auto-nomy�?� becomes clear, since each has been devel-oped in response to the needs of the region; in fact,some of the strengths of the network come fromthe local diversity represented by each AHEC.Mountain AHEC (Asheville) serves as thelibrary for both Memorial Mission and St. Joseph�?Tshospitals. Located in a bridge between the twoinstitutions, MAHEC also offers the services of itscombined information/media services departmentto the area�?Ts health professionals and students. Itis the only one of the AHECs so structured.The seventeen counties which comprise theNorthwest AHEC (Winston-Salem) have been orga-nized into four subregions. The library and infor-mation services in each of these subregions iscentered around a multitype, cost-sharing consor-tium. This concept was first implemented in theHickory area with the formation of the UNIFOURconsortium.® Boone, Winston-Salem, and Salisburyare the headquarters sites of the other consortia.In addition to hospital libraries, community col-leges, mental health centers, schools of nursing,local health departments, and state institutionsare members of these consortia. Services are deli-vered by librarians on a regular circuit to eachmember institution.Development of local consortia, but on avoluntary basis, has been the route taken by theGreensboro AHEC. The Rockingham County HealthInformation Consortium and Randolph CountyHealth Information Consortium, both multitypeconsortia, received National Library of Medicinegrant funds to aid in the development of resourcesin individual libraries and for the support of intra-consortium activities. With the expiration of thegrant funds at the end of 1983, the members of theRockingham Consortium have agreed to share thesalary for a part-time coordinator. Another volun-

tary consortium in Alamance County is in theorganizational stage.The Library/LRC at the Charlotte AHEC is aresult of the 1976 merger of the library resourcesof Charlotte AHEC and the Mecklenburg CountyMedical Society. Library and information servicesin the Charlotte AHEC area as well as those inWilmington, Eastern (based at the Health SciencesLibrary of ECU, Greenville) and Area L (Tarboro)are provided through a combination of circuit-riding librarians and consultant contacts at com-munity hospitals and local health agencies.National Library of Medicine grant funds wereawarded to support the development of AHEC-based consortia in two regions. The FayettevilleAHEC received funds for the Cape Fear HealthSciences Information Consortium, a group of four-teen hospitals, technical institutes, public librar-ies, state universities, and public health agencies.The journal holdings of the consortium are in-cluded in the Cape Fear Library Association�?TsUnion List of Serials.Most recently the Resources for Health Infor-mation (ReHI) Consortium received grant fund-ing. The Wake AHEC (Raleigh) serves as theadministrator for this consortium of fifteen insti-tutions. Hospitals in Durham and Person countiesare also members of the consortium.Network Coordination and ProfessionalDevelopmentTechnical assistance and consultations areprovided to all AHEC libraries by the AHEC liaisonlibrarian and the audiovisual liaison based at theUNC-CH Health Sciences Library. Through a con-tractual arrangement with the central AHECoffice, this academic resource library providesstaff and support for these positions.As the network has evolved over the past tenyears, roles played by both the academic healthsciences center libraries and the AHEC librarieshave changed. The Health Sciences Library at theUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill servesas the primary resource library for Mountain,Greensboro, Area L, Wake, Charlotte, and Wil-mington AHECs; Northwest AHEC makes use ofthe Carpenter Library of the Bowman Gray Schoolof Medicine; FAHEC�?Ts ties are to the Duke MedicalCenter Library; and the outreach library servicesof Eastern AHEC are based at the Health SciencesLibrary of East Carolina University in Greenville.The dependence on the resources of theseacademic libraries has declined as the AHEClibraries have built their respective collections ofresources and established and strengthened tieswith libraries within their regions. Indeed, as theAHEC libraries themselves have identified theirFIGURE 1North Carolina Area Health Education CentersUnaffiliated CountiesFayetfeville4 AHEC Library/LRCe University Health Sciences LibraryWilmington1984 Summer�?"75

own resources for each other, inter-AHEC borrow-ing and lending have increased.Continuing education, an important compo-nent of the AHEC program, has been provided byand for AHEC librarians. In a small hospital orhealth agency, responsibilities for the daily opera-tion of the library often are assigned to personnelwith other unrelated duties. Many seminars aregeared for these untrained hospital library mana-gers. Seminars address subjects such as basic ref-erence and technical services, introduction tocataloging, and interlibrary loan services. AHEClibrarians have attended such courses as teachingskills for library educators, managerial writing,grantsmanship, and assertiveness training.ConclusionThe North Carolina AHEC Program is enteringits second decade with a new five year plan for1985-1990. The Library and Information ServicesNetwork has also begun to lay groundwork for thefuture. In addition to supporting new AHEC pro-grams focused on aging, health promotion/diseaseprevention, environmental and occupationalhealth, and management education for health pro-fessionals, AHEC libraries are planning for theincreasing use of technology. IBM XT microcom-puters will be installed in 1984 in all AHEC andresource libraries. Planned network use of thesemachines includes preparation of updates forboth the audiovisual and journal union lists, quar-terly and annual statistical reports, and demon-strations. Electronic linkages for messages, bulletinboards, and interlibrary loans are also beingexplored.By remaining responsive to the increasinglysophisticated information needs of regional healthprofessionals, incorporating appropriate uses oftechnology for both internal and cooperativeefforts, and through maintenance of a commit-ment to strengthening ties to the local informationcommunity, the North Carolina AHEC Library andInformation Services Network will remain an inte-gral element in meeting the goals of the AHECprogram.References1. The North Carolina Area Health Education Center Program:Recommended Program Plan, July 1, 1980 - June 30, 1985(Chapel Hill, NC: Area Health Education Centers Program, n.d.),i,2. Rebecca W. Davidson, The Library/Learning Resource CenterNetwork of the North Carolina AHEC Program (Atlanta, GA;Center for Disease Control, 1981), v.3. Charles E. Odegaard, Area Health Education Centers: the Pio-neering Years, 1972-1978 (Berkeley, CA: Carnegie Council onPolicy Studies in Higher Education, 1979), viii.76�?"North Carolina Libraries4. North Carolina Area Health Education Centers Library/LRCStandards, 1981 (n.p., 1981), 1.5. Ibid., introduction.6. Phyllis Gillikin, et al., �?oA Self-Supporting Library Service in aRural Region; A New Look at Hospital Consortia,�?�Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 70 (April 1982):216-223.Appendix ANorth CarolinaArea Health Education CentersLibrariesArea L AHECLibrary/Information ServicesHealth Education Foundation of Eastern North Carolina, Inc.P.O. Drawer 1319Tarboro, NC 27886919-823-1353Charlotte AHECMedical Library of Mecklenburg County/Learning ResourceCenter of Charlotte AHECP.O. Box 32861Charlotte, NC 28232704-331-3129Eastern AHECOutreach Library ServicesHealth Sciences LibraryEast Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC 27834919-757-2242Fayetteville AHECLibrary/Information ServicesFAHEC1601-B Owen DriveFayetteville, NC 28304919-323-1152Greensboro AHECAHEC Library/Information ServicesMoses H. Cone Memorial Hospital1200 North Elm StreetGreensboro, NC 27420919-379-4483Mountain AHECInformation and Media ServicesMountain AHEC501 Biltmore Ave.Asheville, NC 28801704-258-0881Northwest AHECArea IV, Northwest AHECBowman Gray School of Medicine300 South Hawthorne RoadWinston-Salem, NC 27103919-748-2008Northwest AHEC LibraryCatawba Memorial HospitalFairgrove Church RoadHickory,NC 28601704-322-0662

Northwest AHEC Library University Health Sciences Center LibrariesRowan Memorial Hospital Coy C. Carpenter Library612 Mocksville Ave. Bowman Gray School of MedicineSalisbury, NC 28144 300 South Hawthorne Road704-638-1081 Winston-Salem, NC 27103919-748-4691Northwest AHEC LibraryWatauga County Hospital Medical Center LibraryDeerfield Road Duke UniversityBoone, NC 28607 Durham, NC 27710704-264-2431 919-684-2011Wake AHEC Health Sciences LibraryMedical Library East Carolina UniversityWake County Medical Center Greenville, NC 278343000 New Bern Ave. 919-757-2212Raleigh,NC 27610919-755-8529 Health Sciences LibraryUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillWilmington AHEC Chapel Hill, NC 27514Medical Library 919-966-2111New Hanover Memorial Hospital2131 S. 17th StreetWilmington, NC 28402-9990919-343-0161NCLA delegation to ALA Legislative Day in Washington: (1 to r) Louise Boone, Jerry Thrasher, J. A. Killian, William Bridgman,Artemis Kares, Dr. Benjamin Speller, Henry Hall, and Arial Stephens. The delegation visited Congressmen Ike Andrews, StephenNeal, Tim Valentine, Robin Britt, and Jim Martin.1984 Summer�?"77

The Walter R. Davis LibraryLarry AlfordOn the night of February 6, 1984, tempera-tures dropped to the low teens. That night twoUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hillundergraduates, Allen Ashcroft and Scott Jones,camped at the front door of the Walter R. DavisLibrary so they could be the first to enter thebuilding when it opened at 8:00 the next morning.The official opening of the Davis Library on Feb-ruary 7, 1984, was the culmination of more thanfour years of construction and over eleven yearsof planning.The construction of the Davis Library wasthe second step in a three-step plan to improvelibrary facilities at the university. That plan,approved in the early 1970s under the leadershipof then Chancellor N. Ferebee Taylor, called forconstruction of a three-floor addition to theHealth Sciences Library, construction of a newcentral library, and the renovation of WilsonLibrary for special collections.Money for this construction came from thesale of the university-owned utilities in ChapelHill. Legislative approval to use the proceeds ofthe utility sale for library construction wasobtained through the efforts of many individuals,led by Chancellor Taylor and former Chairman ofthe UNC-CH Board of Trustees, Walter R. Davis.The new central library was named for Mr. Davis,who is-a major benefactor of the university and amember of the Board of Governors of The Univer-sity of North Carolina.The Walter R. Davis Library replaces theLouis Round Wilson Library as the central libraryon the campus at UNC-CH. The Wilson Library,with major additions in 1952 and 1977, hasserved as the central library at UNC-CH since1929. After extensive restoration and renovation,Wilson Library will house the Rare Book, NorthCarolina, Manuscript, and Map Collections. Wil-son Library will also be used to store importantbut lesser-used materials from all of the librarieson the university campus. There will be storagespace there for more than one million volumes.Larry Alford is Circulation Librarian at the Davis Library atthe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill78�?"North Carolina LibrariesPlanning for the new central library beganunder the direction of Dr. James F. Govan, uni-versity librarian, in 1973. With the guidance of theUniversity Planning Office, Dr. Govan and thelibrary staff prepared a building program describ-ing the requirements for the new library. Centralto the program statement was the requirementthat the primary public service functions of refer-ence, circulation, the public catalog, and currentserials be located on the first floor within view ofthe building entrance. Other requirements in-cluded making the building accessible to thehandicapped; centralizing the collection develop-ment, acquisitions, and cataloging functions onthe ground floor to make processing of materialsmore efficient; and providing sufficient shelfspace for the growth of the library�?Ts collectionsthrough at least 1995. The various operationsof the library were analyzed for present andfuture space requirements. Careful considerationwas given to the functional relationships of thevarious units within the library so that unitswould be physically close to other units, to thebook stacks, and to the public catalog when theirfunctions required such proximity.Two award-winning architectural firms wereselected by the Board of Trustees to design thebuilding. The principal firm was Leslie N. BoneyArchitect of Wilmington, headed by Leslie N.Boney, Jr. Consulting with the Boney firm wasMitchel Giurgola of New York, one of the foundersof the post-modernist movement in architectureand one of the best known contemporaryarchitects.Mr. Giurgola and Mr. Boney attempted torelate the Davis Library to its surroundings andto keep the massive building from overpoweringthe surrounding campus. On the north side of thesite are several dormitory buildings constructedduring the late 1920s and to the south are severalbuildings constructed during the 1960s. Thearchitecture of these buildings reflects the style ofthe time they were constructed.Several design features were used to relatethe library to surrounding structures and toreduce the apparent size of the building. The

SRE :On opening day, library staff member Clifton Jones checks out the first book, George Orwell�?Ts 1984, to UNC-CH undergraduateAllen Ashcroft. (Photo by UNC Library Photographic Service.)library was placed close to the modern buildingson the south side, thereby creating an urban set-ting in keeping with the character of those build-ings. Limestone was used to provide a visualbreak in the brick facade. The eight-story portionof the building was located on the south side.Limestone was used to create three architecturalunits from the six upper floors. On the north side,a low, sloping roof with dormer windows andslate trim was used to relate to the traditionalbuildings. Finally, angles, breaks in the walls, andtowers were used to decrease further the visiblemass of the building.The Davis Library is indeed massive. It con-tains approximately 422,659 square feet, oralmost ten acres of floor space. Of that, 277,836square feet is assignable space. The building andits furnishings cost $22.4 million dollars. Davis isdesigned to hold 1.8 million volumes plus a largemicroform and government documents collec-tion. Seating is available for over three thousandusers.First FloorIn accordance with the design goals de-scribed above, the Circulation Department, theCurrent Serials and Newspapers Reading Room,the two reference departments, and the publiccatalog are located on the first floor within viewof the public entrance. All of these units openonto a large central gallery which serves as bothan architectural focal point and as a major trafficcorridor.The gallery is three floors high, 25 feet wide,and more than 270 feet in length. Balconies onboth the second and third floors open onto thegallery, adding to the openness of the building.Large, colorful banners hung from the ceilingswere used to decorate the gallery. These banners,designed specifically for the gallery, depict prin-ter�?Ts marks taken from some of the books in thelibrary�?Ts Rare Book Collection.Providing an open, light, and spacious qualityin the public areas was one of the major buildingdesign criteria. To that end, few interior walls areused in the public areas. Where possible, windowspermit natural light to enter the building, creat-ing an open and pleasant atmosphere. Unfortu-nately, that same openness has led to some com-plaints about noise, particularly in the areas nearthe gallery. To accommodate unanticipated organi-zational or service changes, almost all of theinternal walls are non-load-bearing. Thus, all ofthe building space, public and staff, is flexible andcan be easily altered.One other major architectural feature ofDavis is the large reading room on the north sideof the building. That room, which houses both1984 Summer�?"79

reference departments, features a thirty-two-footvaulted ceiling with large vaulted windows ateither end. Skylights and dormer windows permitabundant natural light to enter the room. Manyof the University�?Ts alumni associate the librarywith the ornate and beautiful reading room onthe second floor of Wilson Library. The new read-ing room in Davis is a deliberate attempt tosuggest that room in a modern context.The location of the major service units on thesame floor and within sight of each other and theplacement of the two reference units in the sameroom, have made referral must easier. Staff aremore willing to refer patrons to another unit,because directions are easy to give and they cansee the patron go to the other unit and receivehelp. Patrons are more willing to cross a room orto cross the gallery for help than to go to anotherroom or floor.The library�?Ts technical services departmentsare also located on the first floor. Those depart-ments include Collection Development, Acquisi-tions, Cataloging, and Serials. The technical servi-REFERENCEENTRANCEuREFERENCE ROOMCURRENT SERIALS TECHNICAL SERVICESPERIODICALS iAND CATALOGING ACQUISITIONS* NEWSPAPERS . a . . ¥ "ces departments occupy a large room (80 feet by210 feet) and adjacent office space. The largeroom is intended to make the flow of librarymaterials through technical processing more effi-cient. Shelving and movable office panels havebeen used to break up the space and to providesome privacy.In anticipation of increasing automation inlibraries, an extensive duct system has been pro-vided in the technical services area and in thereference room so that communication lines andelectric outlets can be located almost anywhere.In addition, a telephone conduit system intendedto accommodate communication lines was pro-vided throughout the entire building. It is, there-fore, relatively easy to provide telephone or othercommunication lines almost anywhere in thebuilding.There are six stack floors in the DavisLibrary. The main library collection is shelved onthose floors near a large number of reader seats.To make the stack floors pleasant and inviting, astandard height ceiling was used rather than the2 COLLECTIONDEVELOPMENTMap of the first floor of Davis Library.80�?"North Carolina Libraries

low ceilings often found in the stacks of largeresearch libraries. As noted earlier, as much nat-ural light as possible has been provided. The arti-ficial lighting is mostly indirect to minimize glare.To help reduce energy costs, the level of lightingnecessary to each space was studied carefully,and the lowest acceptable level of lighting wasused. The shelves, ceilings, floors, and walls areoff-white in color to reflect light. Where neces-sary, individual task lighting is used to supple-ment the general lighting.A rectangular floor design was used for thestack areas to permit a logical arrangement ofshelving and the classification sequence. WilsonLibrary was built in successive stages and in-cluded a large number of alcoves which createdvery unusual shelving sequences. Patrons in WilsonLibrary frequently requested assistance fromstaff in locating a particular call number. Such arequest is a rare occurrence in the Davis Librarydue to the logical, rectangular layout of thestacks.One of the six towers on the south side of the building. Theclosed graduate student studies are housed in these towers.(Photo by UNC Library Photographic Service.)�?oaA view of the west end of the Davis Library. The entrance tothe building is located at the far left under the arcade. (Photoby Will Owens, UNC News Bureau.)os EES �?oThe southwest corner of the library. (Photo by UNC LibraryPhotographic Service.)1984 Summer�?"81

The book shelves in the stack areas are sur-rounded by seating although there is no seatingactually located within the shelving area. At theopposite corners of each floor and on the southside of each floor are comfortable lounges withsoft seating. Along the north and west sides ofeach floor are open, unassigned table and carrelseating. A large number of typing and small groupstudy rooms are located on each floor on thesouth side of the building. The group study roomsare intended to provide a place for students totalk and study together without disturbing otherlibrary users.There are also six towers on the south side ofthe building which provide 492 closed carrelswhich are assigned to graduate students. Eachcarrel is approximately twenty-five square feetand includes a desk and bookshelves. The towerdesign was used to extend the available exteriorwall space of the building with a minimumincrease in square footage. Because of the in-crease in perimeter space, each closed carrel hasan exterior window. The tower lobbies includeopen carrels with lockers, also for assignment tograduate students. Finally 138 closed faculty stud-ies, each with a window, are located at the east endof the building.Equipment and FurnitureLibrary staff worked closely with the Univer-sity�?Ts Interior Design and Purchasing Departmentas well as with the State Department of Purchaseand Contract in the selection and procurement ofequipment and furniture for the Davis Library.More than $2,000,000 worth of equipment waspurchased.The single most costly equipment item wassteel shelving, costing more than $1,000,000. Theshelving installation seemed so complex that adecision was made early in the procurement proc-ess to divide the purchase into several contracts.Eventually, bids were sought for four differentinstallations. Three different manufacturers wereawarded contracts. Although the decision toseparate the shelving contracts did make theinitial procurement process much easier, it alsocomplicated the final installation. Library staffhad to schedule, coordinate, and supervise theactivities of three different installers. Further,since the shelves of one manufacturer will not fitthe frames of another, extra shelves must bestored separately. However, we are now able toprovide interested librarians with a firsthand eval-uation of the product and the installation ofBanners depicting printers�?T marks hanging from the ceiling of the gallery. (Photo by Will Owens, UNC News Bureau.)82�?"North Carolina Libraries

three of the leading manufacturers of steel libraryshelving.Most of the office and lounge furniture waspurchased from lists of furniture available �?ooncontract�?� through the State Department of Pur-chase and Contract. We were particularly inter-ested in providing a variety of lounge seating sothat patrons would be able to find comfortableseating according to their personal preferences.More than five hundred lounge seats were pur-chased, with many different styles, fabrics, andcolors. For aesthetic reasons, the library staffagreed to the purchase of some sofas for thestack lounges. However, as we predicted, thosesofas are usually occupied by one individual,often for napping rather than study. As the sofaswear out over the years, we will take the morepractical approach and replace them with singlelounge chairs.As indicated above, both table and carrel seat-ing were provided throughout the stacks. We werevery concerned with durability of the furnituresince there is very little money available for furni-ture replacement or repair. Because of the largenumber of tables and carrels needed (280 tablesand 753 carrels), we were able to specify very pre-The index area in the reference room. (Photo by Will Owens,UNC News Bureau.)cisely both the style and the construction of thewood furniture. With the assistance of the StateDepartment of Purchase and Contract, detailedspecifications were prepared. A North Carolinacompany, Blanton and Moore of Barium Springs,was awarded the contract for the carrels andtables and, we believe, provided an excellentproduct.Most of the reading chairs in the building arewood. More than 2600 reading chairs were needed,and we decided that the library could not affordmaintenance on that many upholstered chairs.Again, we specified a particular design and con-struction. Another North Carolina firm, BolingChair Company of Siler City, was able to produce achair in accordance with the specifications. Webelieve the carrels, tables, and wood chairs arecomfortable to use. We also believe the chairs,tables, and carrels will last well into the nextcentury.Inevitably, in a project of this size, there areproblems. Invariably, furniture and equipmentinstallations took longer than either the vendor orthe library staff estimated. We have experiencedthe usual new building heating and cooling prob-lems. Davis includes a number of alarm systems toThe main gallery with a view of the second floor balcony andthe banners. (Photo by Will Owens, UNC News Bureau.)1984 Summer�?"83

improve security, and it has taken some time forstaff and patrons to adjust to those systems. Wediscovered during the shelving installation thatsome of the shelving simply would not fit asplanned, and we had to revise extensively some ofthe shelving layouts. There were constructiondelays and accidents. At one point, the buildingwas damaged when a large crane fell on it. Con-struction delays forced delays in the delivery offurniture, and arrangements had to be made tostore furniture and shelving that could not bedelivered.Despite the problems, we believe that theDavis Library has been a great success. Perhapsthe best evidence of that success is the tremendousincrease in use of the facility when compared withWilson Library. Based on the number of recordedexits, we estimate that the use of Davis Library hasincreased by more than 100 percent compared toWilson Library. Between February 7 and May 1,1984, almost five hundred thousand people usedthe Davis Library. While firm figures are not yetavailable, it appears that circulation, referencetransactions, and other indicators of library usewill increase significantly. Certainly, the demandfor assignment to the graduate and faculty studieshas far exceeded our expectations.The university librarian, James F. Govan, ac-curately predicted in 1978, while the building wasstill in the planning stage, that �?oit certainly will bemore convenient for the community to use than isWilson Library, it will be adaptable within reaso-nable limits to future changes, and it will be able toserve from the time of its opening as an informa-tion clearing house.�?� Clearly, Davis Library accom-plishes those goals and much more.The main stair leading from the gallery near the main entrance to the second floor. (Photo by Will Owens, UNC News Bureau.)84�?"North Carolina Libraries

ETRENew North Carolina BooksAlice R. Cotten, CompilerVernon H. Crow. Storm in the Mountains: Thomas�?TConfederate Legion of Cherokee Indians andMountaineers. Cherokee: Press of the Museum ofthe Cherokee Indian, 1982. 275 pp. $14.95.Until recently, the strange and chaoticnature of the Civil War in western North Carolinahas been largely overlooked by historians. Buttwo books published in 1982 have done much tofill that gap. One is Phillip Shaw Paludan�?Ts Vic-tims: A True Story of the Civil War (Knoxville:University of Tennessee Press, 1982), a fascinat-ing account of the massacre of thirteen MadisonCounty men and boys suspected of Unionist activ-ity by local Confederate soldiers. The other isVernon H. Crow�?Ts Storm in the Mountains, whichexamines the military struggle in the region bytracing the course of Thomas�?T Legion, one of theConfederate Army�?Ts most unusual fighting units.William Holland Thomas was a prominentbusinessman and legislator from Haywood (andlater Cherokee) County, but he was most noted asthe government agent for those Cherokee Indianswho remained in the Smokies after the 1838 re-moval of most of the tribe to Oklahoma. To himthe mountains of western North Carolina andeastern Tennessee were �?othe heart of the South,�?�and with the outbreak of war in 1861, he saw thedefense of this region as the key to keeping thefederal armies of the western and eastern thea-ters divided. To guard �?othe back door of Virginia�?�from Union invaders, he organized his own legion(a unit of infantry, artillery, and cavalry, all serv-ing under a single commander). Consisting ofmountaineers from the southwestern corner ofthe state and Indians recruited by their �?owhitechief,�?� the legion was unique not only in its make-up. It also had the distinction of being the onlysuch unit to remain intact throughout the war,and it was the last to lay down its arms, surren-dering only after a daring skirmish against federaltroops near Waynesville a month after Lee�?Ts sur-render to Grant at Appomattox.This was only the final of a variety of militaryencounters in which all or part of the legion par-ticipated. Thomas�?Ts men fought against the for-midable combination of federal troops and pro-Union residents in East Tennessee and sufferedheavy losses in the Shenandoah Valley campaignunder General Jubal Early in 1864. In NorthCarolina�?Ts mountain counties, they served asmuch as a police force which had to deal withbushwhackers, deserters, mob violence, and crim-inal activity as they did as a military force whichtried to defend the area against destructiveUnion raids led by Colonel George W. Kirk andGeneral George Stoneman. Thomas himself wasforced to spend much of the war in Raleigh andRichmond, convincing Confederate authorities tooverturn his court martial for accepting desertersinto his command rather than arresting them,and to allow his legion to remain intact and closeto home.Vernon Crow, a California businessman,spent over ten years researching his subject, andthe thoroughness of his narrative and its docu-mentation is impressive. But despite the detailwith which he has reconstructed the militaryexploits of the legion and its leaders, he has pro-vided only the bare bones of some of the moreintriguing aspects of their experience. Despiteconstant references to the very �?ouncivil�?� warwaged in western North Carolina, Crow neverreally analyzes the reasons behind the divisive-ness and resentment that caused such internaltensions there. Many questions regarding thenature of the Indians�?T role are also left unan-swered. How did they fight? How did they interactwith the white soldiers and civilians with whomthe war threw them into close contact? And per-haps most important, why did they fight for theConfederacy for as long as they did? Other thannoting their personal loyalty to Thomas and hisfutile efforts to curb their urge to take Yankeescalps, Crow makes little effort to explore theirmotives or their methods in waging a war thatwas not their own.Still, Storm in the Mountains is a significantand very readable contribution to Confederatemilitary history and to the history of westernNorth Carolina. The narrative is greatly enhancedby a generous selection of photographs and1984 Summer�?"85

New North Carolina Bookscharts and extensive appendixes of companyrosters. Particularly worthy of note are the usefuland attractive maps designed by artist William B.Secrest. As a scholarly work with much to inter-est more general readers as well, the book wouldbe a valuable addition to high school, college, andpublic libraries across North Carolina and shouldbe an essential one to libraries in the western partof the state.John C. Inscoe, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillHeather Ross Miller. Adam�?Ts First Wife. David-son, North Carolina, Briarpatch Press, 1983. 24 pp.$2.00 paper.Heather Ross Miller is one of North Carolina�?Tsmost distinguished contemporary writers of poet-ry and fiction. For her first novel, The Edge of theWoods (1964), she received the National Associa-tion of Independent Schools Award. Anothernovel, Tenants of the House (1966), won the SirWalter Raleigh Prize for Fiction. And her first col-lection of poetry, The Wind Southerly (1968),gained her the Oscar Arnold Young Cup. Shespent a year (1979-80) in England as a partici-pant in the United States-United Kingdom Ex-change Fellowship Program sponsored by theNational Endowment for the Arts. In 1983 shereceived the North Carolina Award for literature.Miller is a native of Badin, North Carolina,and a 1961 graduate of the University of NorthCarolina at Greensboro, where she studied withpoet Randall Jarrell. She has taught English andwriting at Southeastern Community College inElizabethtown, N.C., at Stanly Technical Institutein Albemarle, and at Pfeiffer College in Misenheim-er. Currently she is finishing a year as poet-in-residence at the University of Arkansas.Adam's First Wife, a collection of twelvepoems, is Miller�?Ts latest book. Like many of herearlier works, these poems are laden with Biblicaland mythological references and, consequently,are not immediately accessible to the reader. Butreading them is worth the effort, because Miller isa consummate stylist; and her choice of imagesand allusions is not haphazard. Rereading themreveals, as it does with all good poetry, many lev-els of meaning and experience.�?oAdaim�?Ts First Wife�?� is also the title of the leadpoem in this collection. It is about Lilith, who,according to medieval Jewish folklore, was thewife of Adam before the creation of Eve. In folk-lore, generally, she was a witch believed tomenace children. In these poems Lilith seems to86�?"North Carolina Librariesemerge as the symbol of the pre-Biblical world, anow lost world where death was not a threat andredemption not a necessity.In other poems here, Miller explores thetheme of life and death. Life, she seems to say, isthe process of death, which we cannot transcendand which our children repeat. In �?oEaster Stone�?�she writes, �?oI yearn at the empty stone,/ ... /dreaming children to gleam gold beacons/ againstmy losing,/ darkening life.�?� Throughout thepoems, there are images of light and dark and ofsleep and dreaming.Perhaps the most striking poems in the col-lection are two which suggest the passing of afamily matriarch, �?oNell Leopard�?Ts Dying�?� and �?oNellLeopard�?Ts Burying.�?� In the first of these, Millerrefers to Nell Leopard as �?oAdam�?Ts first wife,�?� inti-mating that somehow Nell has transcended lifeand death. In the second poem she writes, �?oNellLeopard will not be buried/ lying low along RockyRiver./ Water rises./ She wants high ground,/... /So, when God�?Ts rocks thrust fire,/ dryhard, you'llknow Nell Leopard is risen,/ that high ground isno prison.�?�As the first title in the Briarpatch Chap-books, Adam�?Ts First Wife continues an associa-tion with small press publishing in North Carolinawhich Miller began in the late sixties when herworks appeared in The Red Clay Reader. Thisvolume is certainly appropriate for college anduniversity libraries though perhaps not as suit-able for high school or public libraries.Susan Ballinger, University of North Carolina at Chapel HiliMaud Thomas. Away Down Home: A History ofRobeson County, North Carolina. N.p.: Theauthor, 1982. 277 pp. $22.95. (Order from HistoricRobesoh. P.O. Box 1123, Lumberton 28358)The title of this book gives a clue to the tonethat readers will discover within its covers. MaudThomas, an amateur historian, utilizes a folksy,�?odown home�?� style as she weaves an impressivevariety of primary and secondary sources with arambling narrative about a county that has beenneglected by historians. Although several flawsdetract from the book�?Ts usefulness, Away DownHome contains a wealth of information spanningthe period between the 1580s and World War II.The book will please Robesonians who thirstfor information about their county and its smalltowns. Thomas's painstaking research emerges inthe footnotes that line the bottom of nearly everypage. An extensive bibliography reveals the

author's reliance on manuscript material, publicdocuments, newspapers, interviews, and scores ofbooks, articles, and pamphlets. Thomas discussestheories concerning the origin of Robeson�?Ts Lum-bee Indians, the significant role of Scottish immi-grants, exploits of the infamous Henry BerryLowry gang, and economic, political, social, andreligious aspects of important eras. The readerdiscovers the existence of Dr. Hector McLean�?TsEdenborough Medical College and numerousfacts pertaining to �?oScalpels, Scholars, Scriptures,and Scruples,�?� which are collected in chaptersixteen.Yet, several flaws detract from the book's useful-ness and readability. Its poor organization is exac-erbated by the lack of an index. More than a fewtypographical errors testify to careless editing.Long quotes and extensive lists of relatively unim-portant details hamper the reader�?Ts progress. Theabsence of photographs contributes to the book�?Tsdullness.The facts contained in Away Down Home willbe helpful to patient patrons of libraries thatmaintain collections of North Caroliniana. Publicand school libraries in the southeastern section ofthe state probablywill find the book useful, too.Maurice C. York, GreenvilleJoe M. Hatley and Linda B. Huffman, eds. Lettersof William F. Wagner, Confederate Soldier.Wendell: Broadfoot�?Ts Bookmark, 1983. 103 pp.$15.00. T.H. Pearce and Selby A. Daniels, eds.Diary of Captain Henry A. Chambers. Wendell:Broadfoot�?Ts Bookmark, 1983. 290 pp. $25.00. (Rt.3, Box 318, Wendell, NC 27591).Broadfoot�?Ts Bookmark has long specialized inthe publication of Civil War primary sourcesrelating to North Carolina. Enthusiasts will wel-come these two most recent volumes, which illus-trate the rich diversity of material now beingmade available for the first time.William F. Wagner, a Catawba County farmer,was typical of the �?oplain folk�?� of the Old Southwho made up the bulk of the Confederate army.He enlisted as a private in Company E of the 57thNorth Carolina in July 1862, and served withLee�?Ts army in Virginia until his capture at Rappa-hannock Bridge in November 1863. The followingJanuary he died in the Union prison camp at PointLookout, Maryland.In addition to Wagner�?Ts own war letters, thiscollection includes several written by his wife andtwo of his brothers, who were also in SouthernNew North Carolina Booksservice. Like most letters of this type, the onespresented here are chiefly valuable for their de-scriptions of camp life and for their insight intothe mind of the common soldier. Neither a slave-holder nor an extreme patriot, Wagner foughtprincipally out of a sense of duty, and his attitudetoward the war was summed up in the statement:�?oGod onley knowes I am that tired of the war thatI dont hardley know what to doo any more but Ihave to Bare it all patientley and you have to doothe same Dear.�?� Although his morale declinednoticeably after the battle of Gettysburg, herefused to follow the example of many of his com-rades by deserting: �?oDear Wife you neede not be afraid that I will run a way I stick as long as I canand trust in my God to save me through this warsafe and sound.�?�As these quotations indicate, the family de-scendants who have edited this volume haveretained the original spelling, grammar, andpunctuation, including a variety of Germanicspeech patterns which reflect the Wagners�?T heri-tage. Also included are clarifying footnotes, a bibli-ography of standard secondary sources, and anindex.Henry A. Chambers, a native of IredellCounty, came from a social background whichwas vastly different from that of the humbleWagner. Scion of a wealthy, distinguished family,he was raised by his cousin and guardian, whoowned a large plantation and 125 slaves. Afterwithdrawing from Davidson College in 1861, heenlisted in Company C of the 4th North Carolina.Later, in December 1862, he was appointed Cap-tain of Company C, 49th North Carolina, the unitwhich he led until the end of the war.Chambers�?Ts diary, which begins in January1862, and ends in April 1865, portrays a well-educated, observant, and intensely patrioticyoung officer. Characteristically, he prayed afterreceiving his commission for �?ohigher and noblermotives of action and purposes of life that I mayleave the low, sordid, selfish and mean and striveafter the honorable, upright, just, noble, andgenerous .. .�?� His descriptions of military eventsinclude the battle of Fredericksburg, the Wilder-ness campaign, and the siege of Petersburg.Defeat at Appomattox called forth an impassion-ed outburst at the Yankees �?owho have burned ourhouses, desecrated our altars, plundered ourwealth, waged unrelenting warfare upon theaged, the weak and helpless, [and worst of all]insulted and dishonored our lovely women!�?� Yet,like many former Confederates, Chambers foundthat time gradually healed these wounds: reread-ing the diary in 1923, he expressed surprise at1984 Summer�?"87

New North Carolina Books�?osuch bitter and vituperative language.�?�The editors have provided an extensiveintroduction, a bibliography of primary andsecondary sources, and several indexes to accom-pany the text. Spelling, grammar, and punctua-tion have been edited to conform to standardusage.Both of these fine books are recommendedfor purchase by academic libraries or by anyinstitution that maintains a strong Civil Warcollection.Everard H. Smith, High PointMarguerite McCall. And Roofs Need Patching.Edenton, NC, 1982. 136 pp. $9.98. (Order fromEdenton Historical Commission, P.O. Box 474,Edenton, NC 27982)Marguerite McCall�?Ts And Roofs Need Patchingis the culmination of twenty years of world travel,observation, and life experiences. From its begin-ning as an outline in Hawaii in 1962 to its publica-tion in Edenton in 1982, this first novel must havebeen a labor of love.The northeastern North Carolina town ofRiverlo watches as Ellen Simpson, daughter of thelocal feed and seed store owner, falls in love withJapanese-American Kenechi Kashimoto, who hasleft his native Hawaii to study agriculture at NorthCarolina State University. As in most of the coun-try, sentiments in Riverlo toward Japanese-Americans at the close of World War II were oftenhostile, and the marriage of Ken and Ellen seems tobring out the worst in many of Ellen�?Ts friends andrelatives. Even Ellen�?Ts mother, bitter about thedeath of her son in combat, has become condi-tioned to hate all Japanese (�?ojustifiable in herthinking, because one had killed her son�?�). Ellen,however, sees through the hypocrisy of church-gcers who are willing to accept someone of a differ-ent background and becomes more determinednot to allow the prejudices of the town to dissuadeher from marrying the man she loves. Meeting eachdifficulty with understanding and love, Ken andEllen rely on their serenity and faith to carry themthrough the hard times. Ultimately, it is their kind-ness and unselfish giving which wins over eventheir harshest critics. It is only when tragedy shat-ters their perfectly planned life that Ellen�?Ts faith isshaken almost irretrievably.There is a great hazard in writing a novel suchas this, for all too easily characters can becomeunbelievably sweet and saintly and allrealism can be lost. Rarely does an author88�?"North Carolina Librariesachieve such balance as does McCall in this well-written story. Ellen and Ken are people we couldknow, with true goodness shining through�?"thoroughly believable, even familiar. Minorcharacters are similarly well-drawn, so true-to-life that they might indeed have inhabited anysmall North Carolina town. McCall has a gift forbringing a story to life and for involving thereader deeply in the life of the story.And Roofs Need Patching is a vitally honest,truly moving, and joyous account of a faithshared, strengthened, and finally renewed, all thesweeter for having nearly been lost. This book is asmall treasure for North Carolina libraries.Julie White Sanders, Randolph Public LibraryRobert A. Dentler, D. Catherine Baltzell, andDaniel J. Sullivan. University on Trial: The Caseof the University of North Carolina. Cambridge,Mass.: Abt Books, 1983. 192 pp. $28.00.The University of North Carolina (UNC)desegregation case was big. It lasted sixteen yearsand went through four courts. Over $90 millionper year and the education of 110,000 studentswas at stake. Legal fees ran into the millions. Thisis the case that is the subject of University onTrial.For those unfamiliar with the case, a briefsummary may be helpful. In 1968 the federalDepartment of Health, Education and Welfare(HEW) ruled that ten states, including NorthCarolina, operated segregated public college sys-tems in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act.HEW ordered those states to submit correctiveplans. By 1979 North Carolina was the only stateleft without an acceptable plan, as a result ofwhich HEW began proceedings to cut off $90 mil-lion in annual federal aid to the system. In 1981UNC and the federal Department of Educationended fourteen years of legal battles by agreeingon a mutually acceptable desegregation plan.The authors of University on Trial aremembers of a consulting firm that was heavilyinvolved in the case on the side of the federalgovernment, against UNC. They feel that in thethirty years since the Brown v. Board of Educa-tion decision, progress towards desegregatinghigher education in North Carolina has beeninsignificant. In their eyes the consent decree of1981 was a sweetheart deal between UNC andReagan appointees in the Department of Educa-tion which effectively denied the opposing sidethe opportunity to be heard in court. As a result,

the authors decided to put forth their case in thisbook.University on Trial attempts to answer sev-eral major questions raised by the case. First, isUNC segregated? According to the evidence pre-sented, the answer is yes. Second, have tradition-ally black institutions (TBI�?Ts) received propor-tionally less in resources from the state thantradionally white institutions (TWI�?Ts)? Again theanswer is yes. Third, will the plan agreed on in theconsent decree eliminate inequities in the sys-tem? Readers, who must now be the judges, willdisagree on this last question. The consent decreeemphasizes upgrading the quality of the TBI�?Ts andstepping up minority recruitment. The authorssay this is not enough. They believe that theremust be structural changes in funding, morefaculty and administration integration, and elimi-nation of duplicate programs that put TWI�?Ts andTBI�?Ts in direct competition. Time will tell whetherthe UNC plan will work. We do know that inDecember 1983, two-and-a-half years into planimplementation, UNC reported they were behindin their integration goals.University on Trial is the most completeaccount of the UNC desegregation case to date. Itis well organized, with a useful index and manystatistical tables to support assertions made inthe text. Academic and larger public libraries willfind it a valuable source of information on thecase. Readers must remember, however, that itwas written by people who opposed UNC in court.As such, it only provides information from oneside of the courtroom and cannot be considered adefinitive work.For those who think the UNC case is nolonger part of current events, a few observationsare in order. Since University on Trial was writ-ten, the consent decree has been appealed all theway to the U.S. Supreme Court. That appeal wasdenied in February 1984. Also, in a separate butsimilar case in July 1983, the Department of Edu-cation rejected desegregation plans for fivestates, including the community college system inNorth Carolina. Finally, progress under the con-sent decree is under continuing scrutiny by fed-eral court and civil rights groups. As the authorswrite near the end of University on Trial, thecase lives on!Edward Waller, Duke UniversityDavid Stick. Roanoke Island: The Beginnings ofEnglish America. Chapel Hill: University of NorthCarolina Press. 1983. 266pp. $14.95 cloth, $5.95paper.New North Carolina BooksAs North Carolina and the United Statescelebrate America�?Ts quadricentennial, interestand attention is increasingly riveted on RoanokeIsland and the small bands of explorers and col-onists who inhabited this sound region of NorthCarolina between 1584 and 1587. During the com-ing years, the public will be reminded constantlyof the English beginnings of our nation. Alongwith a ship replica, public events, pageants, and amultitude of other celebrations, America�?Ts FourHundreth Anniversary Committee has sponsoreda series of publications designed to increaseawareness and interest in the Raleigh coloniza-tion effort.In Roanoke Island: The Beginning of EnglishAmerica, David Stick has provided the readerwith a stimulating, informative, and highly enter-taining account of this first attempt at Englishcolonization of North America. With a flowingnarrative style that is a genuine pleasure to read,Mr. Stick places the Roanoke voyages in properperspective by exploring the background of Brit-ish colonization; the struggle between Elizabe-than England and Spain for the New World dom-ination; and the exploits of Sir Walter Raleigh ascourtier, speculator, and colonizer. The primevalsplendor of the Carolina coast becomes the lushbackdrop for the colonization efforts of a peopleseemingly more concerned with pilfering Spanishwealth than with assuring a permanent Englishfoothold in North America. The Amadas and Bar-lowe expedition of 1584, the Ralph Lane-RichardGrenville colony of 1585, and the John White effortof 1587 are all treated factually and in considera-ble depth. The responsibility for Indian hostilitiesis properly placed on the shoulders of the Englishcolonists themselves due to their insensitivity andat times barbarous treatment of the �?oheathernsavages.�?� By the same token, at least part of theblame for John White�?Ts �?oLost Colony�?� rests in theindifference and evolving business priorities ofWalter Raleigh himself. The volume also provideskeen insight into English preoccupation with theSpanish West Indies and the effects of privateer-ing enterprises on the colonization efforts.Mr. Stick is well known to the North Carolinareading public as the author of Graveyard of theAtlantic, The Outer Banks of North Carolina,1584-1958, and Dare County: A History. Hebrings to this new publication an understandingof and appreciation for the Outer Banks of NorthCarolina that add dramatically to the clarity ofthe book. In Roanoke Island, Mr. Stick hascrafted an excellent account of the Raleigh colon-ization adventure. This volume should have astrong appeal to the general public as well as to1984 Summer�?"89

New North Carolina Booksthe student of history. Some historians will objectto the brevity of the bibliography and the lack offootnotes; but for a popular history, the format oftextual source references is well suited to thepurpose of the volume. Without question, Roa-noke Island should be in all public libraries, and itis highly desirable for public school and collegeuse. It obviously has merit as parallel reading forhistory students; instructors will have few com-plaints from students who undertake the book asassigned reading.Donald R. Lennon, East Carolina UniversityCarole Marsh. The Mystery of the Lost Colony.Tryon, NC: Gallopade Publishing Group, 1983. 84pp. $4.95 paper.Another in the Marsh series of History Mys-tery books, The Mystery of the Lost Colony placesthe young protagonists not in the mystery but in acontemporary one set along the Outer Banks. Astrong point of the book is the opportunity theformat gives to introduce readers to snippets ofhistory and local lore about the Roanoke Island-Outer Banks area.Jeremy Mydet, from Roanoke Island, and hisfriend Dennis, from Ocracoke, are all set to enjoythe four hundredth anniversary festivities whenan ominous series of circumstances is set inmotion. First, his grandfather's silver commem-orative coins disappear, soon followed by a van-ishing manuscript. Objects are not the only thingsaffected by these happenings�?"Jeremy is verynearly drowned, and Dennis is briefly druggedand kidnapped. Is the antagonist mortal, or dothe blood-stained tombstones and ghostly Nag�?TsHead light suggest a more sinister source of theintrigue?What this mystery offers in terms of adven-ture, however, is marred by several deficiencies.One, the lack of smooth transition often leavesthe reader wondering whether he has missedsomething. For example, one chapter ends withpoor Jeremy drowning, �?obreathing in great glob-ules of the poison water of the past.�?� The reader,too, is left gasping as the following chapter beginsby skipping merrily through two seasons to theold Christmas celebration, with nary an explana-tion of how Jeremy survived.Only the most cursory characterization isaccomplished, even for the two young lads whocarry this adventure; none of the characters isRALEIGH OFFICE:4317 Pleasant Valley Rd.919/787-4418GREENSBORO OFFICE:919/294-124990�?"North Carolina Libraries*\ SoutheasternMicrofilm, Inc.Raleigh © Charlotte ¢ GreensboroEquipment Sales and ServiceContract Micrographic ServicesComplete micrographics for libraries, including:© Reader/Printers© Step-and-repeat Microfiche service© Security filming of shelf lists at your locationSoutheastern Microfilm is your Minolta equipment dealerfor North Carolina.CHARLOTTE OFFICE:704/567-9749ASHEVILLE OFFICE:704/253-7293

really brought to life, nor are motivations stronglyexplored.Another distraction is the frequency of typo-graphical or printing errors, including a missingpage.While the quality of this book may not bewhat one would hope for, the paperback format,short chapters, appropriately somber black-and-white illustrations, and familiar setting shouldadd to its appeal for upper elementary and mid-dle school readers, from whom it is most suited.And if the tidbits about the Outer Banks inducefurther reading on the subject, perhaps Marshwill have accomplished her purpose, �?oto intro-duce the area and its role in America�?Ts heritiageto children around the world.�?�Jane Wade, University of North Carolina at GreensboroNew North Carolina BooksWHO CONTROLS THE PAST,CONTROLS THE FUTURE.SUPPORT BANNED BOOKSWEEK. SEPTEMBER 8-10Deneen Graham, Miss North Carolina 1984, who stars in a public service announcement publicizing this year�?Ts statewide summerreading program, �?oNorth Carolina Celebrates: 1584-1984.�?� The program is designed to coincide with the beginning of the three-year-long observance of America�?Ts four hundredth anniversary and is funded through Title I of the federal Library Services andConstruction Act.1984 Summer�?"91

NCLA Minutes and ReportsNorth Carolina Library AssociationMinutes of the Executive BoardJanuary 20, 1984The Executive Board of the North Carolina Library Associa-tion met on January 20, 1984 in room 211 of the North CarolinaState Library in Raleigh. Board members present were LelandPark, Pauline Myrick, Jane Williams, Roberta Williams, EuniceDrum, Mertys Bell, Emily Boyce, Rebecca Ballentine, ShirleyMcLaughlin, Robert Burgin, Jerry Thrasher, Karen Perry, RobertBland, Emily Correll, Andrea Brown, Vivian Beech, Judie Davie,Judith Sutton, Larry Barr, Benjamin Speller, Dorothy Burnley,Patsy Hansel, and Mary Williams. Also present were DavidMcKay, Elizabeth Laney, Patrick Valentine, Bob Pollard, ArialStephens, Marge Lindsey, and Louise Boone.President Park called the meeting to order. He recognizedState Librarian David McKay, who welcomed the group andintroduced the Honorable Sara Hodgkins, Secretary of theDepartment of Cultural Resources. Secretary Hodgkins brieflyaddressed those in attendance.The President extended congratulations to the NorthCarolina Association of School Librarians on winning the 1984Grolier Award. He also announced that Dr. Gene Lanier haswon ALA�?Ts 1984 Immroth Intellectual Freedom Award.A correction was noted in the minutes of the October 25,1983, Executive Board meeting, with the phrase �?oexhibitorsnumbered 107�?� changed to read �?o90 exhibitors�?T booths rented.�?�These minutes were then approved as corrected. Minutes of theOctober 28, 1983, NCLA business meeting and the October 28,1983, Executive Board meeting were approved as presented.A motion was made by Emily Boyce to dispense with thereading of the minutes at future meetings of the ExecutiveBoard. The motion was seconded and passed.President Park reported to the group on his meeting withthe North Carolina State Library Commission on January 19,1984.A final report on the 1983 NCLA Conference was given byRobert Burgin, Arial Stephens, Robert Pollard, Leland Park, andMertys Bell. Burgin reported a final registration of 1,273 andrental of 90 exhibitors�?T spaces. It was noted that the conferencewas financially successful.Pauline Myrick gave a report on plans for the 1985 NCLAConference. Arial Stephens will be conference manager, withJohnny Shaver in charge of local arrangements. Bill Kirwan willbe chairman of exhibits, with Fred Marble and Larry Rolandrepresenting the exhibitors. NCLA President Dr. Leland Parkand Treasurer Eunice Drum will serve as ex officio members ofthe Conference Planning Committee. Chairman Myrick askedthat anyone having suggestions for programs, speakers andother arrangements for the 1985 conference contact her orother members of her committee.The treasurer's report was given by Bob Pollard, immediatepast treasurer, and Eunice Drum, treasurer. Eunice Drumstated that membership renewal notices would be mailed by the92�?"North Carolina Librariesend of January. Eunice Drum then moved that it be the policy ofNCLA to pay only what is authorized by the budget unless other-wise approved by the Executive Board. The motion wasseconded and passed.Eunice Drum stated that she had received a request topurchase the NCLA mailing list and that as far as she coulddetermine there was no policy regarding this. President Parkappointed a committee composed of Eunice Drum, chairman,Jerry Thrasher and Shirley McLaughlin to study this issue andrecommend a policy for consideration by the board. RebeccaBallentine then moved that the board give special authorizationfor the sale of the NCLA mailing list to the North CarolinaScience and Technology Research Center with the price beingthe cost of having the list printed by computer at IndependentData Processing Corporation. This motion was seconded andpassed.Robert Burgin reported that Bob Byrd has resigned asassociate editor of North Carolina Libraries. Rose Simon,director of the Salem College Library, has been appointed thenew associate editor. Burgin stated that the 1983/84 winterissue of NCL is now at the printer and that plans are wellunderway for the spring, summer, and fall 1984 issues.Emily Boyce moved that changes in the by-laws for theReference and Adult Services Section and the Junior MembersRoundtable, which had been approved by the Constitution,Codes and Handbook Revision Committee, be accepted. Themotion was seconded and passed.Dr. Benjamin Speller reported that the Goals and Objec-tives Committee is continuing its efforts to determine if there isa need to develop a model for NCLA to consider with respect toits future as a professional organization.Louise Boone, chairman of the Governmental RelationsCommittee, reported on plans for NCLA members to participatein Legislative Day activities on April 10 in Washington, D.C. Sherequested that names of individuals who will represent the vari-ous NCLA Sections be forwarded to her by March 1.The report for the Library Resources Committee was givenby Patrick Valentine, chairman. He announced that the commit-tee still has on hand four hundred copies of the disaster pre-paredness guide. Jerry Thrasher moved that the chairman ofthe NCLA Library Resources Committee be empowered toadvertise and sell the publication, Disaster Preparedness: AGuide for Developing a Plan to Cope with Disaster for the Pub-lic and Private Library, for $4.00 per copy. The chairman of theLibrary Resources Committee is to coordinate with the NCLAtreasurer concerning deposit of revenues and reimbursementsor advances for costs incurred. The present chairman will main-tain the responsibility for handling the advertising and sales fora twelve-months period, after which all responsibility will beturned over to the incoming chairman of the Library ResourcesCommittee. The motion was,seconded and passed. ElizabethLaney then moved that any surplus income derived from thesale of the disaster preparedness guide be used to republish theguide in a more convenient form. This motion was alsoseconded and passed.Patrick Valentine stated that the editor of Public Libraries

had expressed an interest in publishing the disaster prepared-ness guide in a forthcoming issue of the magazine. JerryThrasher moved that the editor of Public Libraries be informedthat the NCLA does not give permission to Public Libraries orto any other publication to print the disaster preparednessguide in its entirety, but that NCLA does welcome publication ofa summary or other short references to the guide. This motionwas seconded and passed.Jane Williams, 2nd vice-president, reported that she would beworking with the treasurer and the Membership Committee toreview the membership list and consider plans for activelyrecruiting new members.Elizabeth Laney, Scholarship Committee chairman, statedthat the scholarship application forms were unchanged fromlast year. She asked the board to help the committee locatedeserving individuals who should be encouraged to apply forthe scholarships.President Park then asked for a recommendation from theboard in response to a request from Governor Hunt that NCLAbe represented on the Advisory Council to the Commission onEducation for Economic Growth. Larry Barr moved that NCLAappoint two members to serve on the Advisory Council. Themotion was seconded and passed. President Park thenappointed Immediate Past President Mertys Bell and Vice-President/President-Elect Pauline Myrick to serve as NCLArepresentatives on the Advisory Council. President Park alsorequested that board members write to the commission andexpress their interest and support.President Park announced that he had appointed DirectorsJerry Thrasher and Shirley McLaughlin to serve on an ad hoccommittee to review the NCLA minutes and come up withrecommendations for a policy manual for the Executive Board.President Park then discussed the need to review and studythe future directions of NCLA and his plan to appoint a specialcommittee to do this. Benjamin Speller moved that the boardapprove the appointment of a committee to study the future ofNCLA. The motion was seconded and passed.Karen Perry, chairman, Children�?Ts Services Section, re-ported that plans are being made for a program during the fallof 1984 and also for the conference program in 1985. A specialcommittee to address the topic, �?oStandards for Children�?Ts Serv-ices in Public Libraries,�?� has been appointed and will be chairedby Nina Lyon, children�?Ts coordinator of the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Public Library. A joint committee of the Children�?TsServices Section and the North Carolina Association of SchoolLibrarians will continue to investigate the establishment of aNorth Carolina Children�?Ts Book Award.Robert Bland reported that the College and University Sec-tion is planning a conference for late spring or early summer onthe relationship between the library and the administrator. Aquestionnaire seeking to gain information on needs and futuregoals of the section is being prepared and will be distributed tomembers of this section.The report of the Documents Section was given by EmilyCorrell, chair. A workshop on international documents isplanned for April 19th at the Durham County Public Library.The section is also planning a series of workshops on the selec-tion and use of basic North Carolina documents. These will beheld regionally throughout the state in the fall.Andrea Brown gave the report for the Junior College Sec-tion. Plans are underway for an aggressive membership cam-paign for this section. The section will request space in �?oTheMediator,�?� the newsletter of the North Carolina Community Col-lege Learning Resources Association, to publicize the goals andactivities of the section. The section also plans to investigate thepossibility of cosponsoring a workshop with the College andUniversity Section.NCLA Minutes and ReportsVivian Beech reported for the Junior Members Roundtable.Members are seeking ways to become a more visible and viablepart of NCLA.Judie Davie reported that NCASL has established an ad hocCommittee on Committees to review all NCASL committeeswith attention to guidelines, procedures, and personnel. TheNCASL Executive Committee has approved the Research GrantAward Proposal which will establish a competitive grant of$25.00 to $1,000.00 a year for school library media research by amember of NCASL. The Executive Committee has also approvedthe national marketing of the Guidebook on School LibraryMedia Day. The $1000 prize from the 1984 Grolier Award wonby NCASL will be used to produce marketing publicity for theGuidebook. Davie also discussed plans for School Media Day onApril 11, 1984, and a work conference to be held October 3-5.Judith Sutton, chair, reported that the Public Library Sec-tion will hold its first Planning Council of the biennium on Jan-uary 26 in Charlotte.Larry Barr, Benjamin Speller, and Dorothy Burnley gavereports for the Reference and Adult Services, Resources andTechnical Services, and Trustees Sections respectively.Patsy Hansel reported that Tindara Foti of the CumberlandCounty Public Library is the new editor of MsManagement, thenewsletter of the Round Table on the Status of Women inLibrarianship. Plans are underway to establish a Round TableTask Force on Pay Equity. A workshop on documentingemployee performance is tentatively planned for May in ForsythCounty.Mary Williams reported that the Roundtable for EthnicMinority Concerns has set several important goals for this bien-nium. Initial committee appointments have been made and anewsletter will be edited by Sylvia Sprinkle-Hamlin.Both Mary Williams and Patsy Hansel expressed concernthat the present NCLA constitution is not clear on the role andfunction of roundtables as opposed to sections within the NCLAframework. Emily Correll moved that the Constitution andCodes Committee consider the status of roundtables vs. sec-tions and report to the Executive Board at its next meeting. Themotion was seconded and passed.Emily Boyce, ALA representative, reported on the ALAmidwinter meeting. A committee for the Federal HighwayAdministration has rejected an ALA proposal that the nationallibrary symbol be used as a traffic service sign. The committeerecommended instead a sign with white lettering on a greenbackground, using the word library as a directional sign. Agradual five-year escalated dues increase to take effect in 1985was passed by ALA Council. Council also passed two memorialresolutions in tribute to Dr. Annette Phinazee.Rebecca Ballentine, SELA representative, reported on plansfor the 1984 SELA Biennial Conference to be held at Biloxi,Mississippi, October 15-20. A Reference and Adult ServicesWorkshop will be held in Atlanta, May 10-12. A four-day insti-tute on intellectual freedom at Florida State University isplanned for late July or August. Emphasis will be on censorshipin public and school libraries.Arial Stephens, NCLA representative to the Network Steer-ing Committee, reported that two pilot ZOCs have beenestablished.Shirley McLaughlin stated that she had been asked by theExecutive Board of the Western North Carolina Library Associa-tion to ask the NCLA Executive Board whether WNCLA couldaffiliate in some way with NCLA. It was decided to consider aformal request from WNCLA at a future meeting of the NCLABoard.Jerry Thrasher announced that the North Carolina PublicLibrary Directors Association will meet in Raleigh February 23-24. The program will include a �?oMeet the Candidates�?� forum in1984 Summer�?"93

NCLA Minutes and Reportswhich candidates for the state legislature or their representa-tives will be present to discuss issues and answer questions ofinterest to librarians.President Park reminded everyone of the April 6-7 boardmeeting and Spring Workshop to be held at Greensboro College.There being no further business, the meeting adjourned.Roberta S. Williams, SecretaryChildren�?Ts Services SectionThe Children�?Ts Services Section Executive Board has notmet during this quarter. Plans have been made to meet on Jan-uary 21 in Greensboro and on March 27 in Raleigh.Section committee organization and meeting schedules willbe completed shortly. Plans are being made for a program dur-ing the fall of 1984 and for the conference program in 1985. Theprogram committee is now headed by the vice-chair of the sec-tion, as directed in the last change in CSS bylaws. The vice-chairfor this biennium is Rebecca Taylor.A special committee to address the topic �?oStandards forChildren�?Ts Services in Public Libraries�?� has been appointed andwill be chaired by Nina Lyon, children�?Ts coordinator of theCharlotte-Mecklenburg Public Library System. This committeewill use Guidelines for Public Library Service to Children, apublication of the Children�?Ts Librarians Section of the IllinoisLibrary Association, as a model.A joint committee of the Children�?Ts Services Section and theN.C. Association of School Librarians will continue to investi-gate the establishment of a North Carolina Children�?Ts BookAward.Karen M. Perry, ChairmanCollege and University SectionThe CULS Executive Board met on December 2, 1983, andagain on January 20, 1984. The Board began planning a confer-ence, which will take place in the late spring at a site and time tobe announced. The theme of the conference is planned to belibrary-faculty and college administration relationships.Following the December 2 meeting the board cooperated toget an informational mailing to the membership, whichincluded a questionnaire soliciting ideas and opinions on direc-tions and programs the section should sponsor.Robert Bland, ChairmanDocuments SectionThe Executive Board of the Documents Section of NCLAmet in Winston-Salem on November 8 to discuss programs forthe coming year. A workshop on international documents isplanned for April 19 at the Durham Public Library and willconcentrate on basic international collections for schools, pub-lic libraries, and Model UN programs. It will also provide someguidance in the use of international documents for speciallibraries. The section is also planning a series of workshops onthe selection and use of basic North Carolina documents for alltypes of libraries. These workshops will be held in the fall invarious sections of the state.Emily Correll, ChairJunior College SectionThe Board of the Junior College Section met January 13,1984 at St. Mary�?Ts College. The board reaffirmed the need for a94�?"North Carolina Librariessection devoted to the goals and concerns of private junior col-leges and community colleges. The board voted to initiate actionto change the name of the section to more accurately reflect thesection�?Ts membership. Preliminary plans were made for anaggressive membership campaign. The section will requestspace in �?oThe Mediator,�?� the newsletter of the North CarolinaCommunity College Learning Resources Association (LRA) topublicize, on a regular basis, the goals and activities of the sec-tion. Additional plans were made to strengthen communicationwith the section�?Ts members. The board voted to seek co-sponsorship of a workshop with the College and University Sec-tion. The chairman contacted Robert Bland, chairman of thesection, and there is mutual interest in such a venture. We willmeet following this meeting to discuss this further.The board voted to conduct more worthwhile activities forthe section�?Ts membership, to raise the visibility of the section,and to make personal contact with potential members.Andrea P. Brown, ChairmanNorth Carolina Association of School LibrariansThe North Carolina Association of School Librarians beganthe biennium with the 1983 NCLA Conference that provided thesetting for the first jointly sponsored program with the Chil-dren�?Ts Services Section (�?oThe Open Door�?�); a well-attended lunch-eon with Lillian Gerhardt, editor of School Library Journal,as keynote speaker; and a workshop to coordinate the activitiesfor School Library Media Day, 1984.The NCASL Executive Committee met in Greensboro onFriday, December 2, to review the activities of the previousbiennium and to set priorities for the present biennium withconsideration of the topics and issues that were discussed atthe regional forums during spring 1983 and that had emergedduring the summer and fall 1983. Of particular concern werehow the association could best serve its membership andincrease awareness of the value of school library media programsin North Carolina, administered by certified school librarymedia specialists. The Executive Committee approved the con-tinuation of the publication and program activities of the pre-vious biennium and the establishment of several ad hoc com-mittees. An Ad Hoc Committee on Committees will reviewNCASL committees with attention to guidelines, procedures,and personnel. The Awards and Scholarships, Standards, andBudget Committees will be the first committees for review. AnAd Hoc Committee on a Supervisors�?T Round Table will investi-gate the feasibility of such a round table for NCASL and super-visors. An Ad Hoc Committee on the Children�?Ts Book Award,working with a similar committee from the Children�?Ts ServicesSection, will refine the guidelines for the award. The ExecutiveCommittee approved the Research Grant Award Proposalwhich will establish a competitive grant of $25 to $1000 a yearfor school library media research by a member or members ofNCASL. The Executive Committee also approved the nationalmarketing of the guidebook on School Library Media Day.The Administration of the Year Award was presented to Dr.E. Wayne Trogdon, superintendent, Alexander County Schools,on December 6 at the annual meeting of the North CarolinaAssociation of School Administrators.Joseph M. Johnston, executive director of the Commissionon Secondary Schools of the Southern Association of Collegesand Schools, acknowledged the receipt of the results of the sur-vey by the Standards Committee during 1981-1983.On January 9, NCASL was notified that the association hadbeen awarded the 1984 Grolier National Library Week Grant.The award of $1000 will enable the distribution of the guidebookon School Library Media Day to other agencies and associationsin North Carolina and the duplication of a public service

announcement videotape. The 1984 grant was the first everawarded to a state school library association.The American Association of School Librarians has requestedthe publication of the NCASL program brochure �?oVolunteers inthe School Media Center�?� as a �?oQuick Note�?� in Spring 1984. Thebrochure was originally developed by the Winston-Salem/For-syth County Schools, Arabelle Fedora, coordinator of mediaservices.Activity and attention for the Association focus on the suc-cessful implementation of School Library Media Day, April 11,1984!Public Library SectionThe Public Library Section is ready to begin an industriousbiennium. Committees were appointed and charges issuedwhen the Executive Board of the section met December 6, 1983,in Durham. The first meeting of the section�?Ts Planning Council isscheduled for January 26 in Charlotte. Among items to be dis-cussed is the salary plan for public library directors and librar-ians proposed by the NC Public Library Directors Associationwith the endorsement of the PLS Executive Board and nowbeing considered by the NC State Library Commission. A fullreport of the Planning Council session and other section busi-ness will be made at the next NCLA Executive Board meeting.Judith K. Sutton, ChairmanRoundtable for Ethnic Minority ConcernsPresident Leland M. Park, members of the 1983/85 Execu-tive Board of the North Carolina Library Association, and inter-ested persons.It is with pleasure that I share this historic report to theNorth Carolina Library Association Executive Board. And at thesame time relate the message delivered at the organizationalmeeting last October.This roundtable �?ois not a repeat of history but history itselfsince minorities are uniting under the North Carolina LibraryAssociation as a visible and viable entity of the Association.�?oIf this Roundtable were to receive a charge I hope that itwill foster and challenge every ethnic librarian to participate inNCLA. Thus this Roundtable will be a channel that expressesand represents interests and/or concerns of ethnics and servesas a liaison between NCLA�?Ts administrators, the affiliated ethniclibrarians, and nonaffiliated ethnic organizations. Rememberingalways that it will not separate ethnic librarians from the main-stream of NCLA but increase the awareness of all librarians tothe needs and problems of this particular segment of a com-munity. This Roundtable shall be a forum for librarians con-cerned with the challenges facing ethnics and ethnic librarians.�?oPlease let us plant that thought in the subconsciousness ofour mind.�?�This biennium, the administration REMCo will be a sharedone. I am presently suggesting the following:Ms. Sylvia Sprinkle-Hamlin will handle our newsletter andserve on the publications board of NCLA.Ms. Euthena M. Newman will serve as our coordinator ofevents.Mr. Clarence Chisholm will assist with planning andprojections.Round Table on the Status of Women in LibrarianshipThe Executive Board of the Round Table on the Status ofWomen in Librarianship held its first meeting of the bienniumJanuary 18, 1984, at the Forsyth County Public Library.Tindara Foti, Cumberland County Public Library, wasNCLA Minutes and Reportsintroduced as the new editor of the round table�?Ts newsletter,Ms. Management. Mary McAfee was recognized as the RoundTable�?Ts representative to North Carolina Libraries.The board discussed a number of ideas for round tableactivities during the biennium. It was decided to proceedimmediately with establishing a round table task force on payequity to keep the membership aware of pay equity activitieswithin the state and the nation, as well as to plan other projectsrelating to pay equity. Pat Grim and Mary McAfee will be orga-nizing a workshop on documenting employee performance that istentatively scheduled for May in Forsyth County.The board decided to hold its next meeting prior to theworkshop in May.Patsy HanselResources and Technical Services SectionThe RTSS Executive Committee will hold its first meeting ofthe 1983/85 biennium on January 27, 1984, at Guilford Techni-cal College in Jamestown, North Carolina, The major focus ofthe meeting will be to review the activities of the section and itsinterest groups for the previous biennium, including the NCLABiennial Conference. The committee will consider plans for1984 and the need for distribution of a revised RTSS survey tosolicit program ideas from the membership at large.The chair plans to establish a meeting schedule for thecommittee in keeping with the projected meetings of the NCLAExecutive Board.Benjamin F. Speller, Jr., ChairSELA ReportThe SELA Board met in Atlanta on December 13.1. Reference and Adult Services Workshop in Atlanta�?Ts DuntreeHotel on May 10-12 (Thursday-Friday). The workshop willaddress goals and standards; personnel management anddevelopment; training for both professional and nonprofes-sional staffs; stress management; and managing the reference depart-ment (innovations and how to work through the administra-tion to get programs adopted). CEUs will be offered. (ValdostaCollege will bank CEUs for all SELA programs that offer credits.)2. To be announced: a four-day institute on intellectual freedomat Florida State University Center in Tallahassee in late July orAugust, sponsored with FSU. Emphasis will be on censorship inpublic and school libraries.3. 1984 Biennial Conference, Mississippi Gulf Coast, ConventionCenter at Biloxi, October 15-20.a. Pre-conference on public relations sponsored with MLAand conducted by LAMA.b. Eudora Welty will appear on a panel.c. Workshop on consultants, including state agency consul-tants, to demonstrate how their talents can be used. SELA islooking for suggestions for speakers.d. John Maxwell�?Ts one-man show on Faulkner.e, Amtrak service to New Orleans. (World�?Ts Fair ends weekafter the conference.)f. Trustees Section with the Public Libraries Section: �?oTheChanging Role of Public Libraries.�?� Dr. David Matthews has beenasked to speak on national issues but had not responded as ofDecember 13.4. Ann Morton, SELA executive secretary, is resigning in Janu-ary to join the Library School faculty at Emory. The SELA Execu-tive Committee will conduct a search for a replacement.5. The Southeastern Librarian must publish four issues to main-tain its present postal rate. One issue is in press, another issue is1984 Summer�?"95

NCLA Minutes and Reportsin planning stages. Linda Lucas, editor, has enough content topublish but would welcome contributions.6. Nominating Committee: Neil Austin has been nominated forSELA treasurer. I have the slate of nominees if anyone wouldlike to see it. It will be published in the journal.7. Conference Sites:1986 - Atlanta, Mariott Hotel, October 15-191988 - Norfolk, last week in October (Winston-Salem alsomade a good bid.)1990 - Looking at New Orleans (LA is new SELA member)and Nashville, TN.Rebecca Ballentine, SELA RepresentativeAmerican Library AssociationMidwinter Meeting: A ReportCouncil. Executive Director Robert Wedgeworth reportedthat the association had recovered from the fiscal deficit of lastyear. He noted that the auditor�?Ts report concluded that ALA hada strong financial base but remained cash poor. He said it wasimportant to retain members as a further insurance againstfiscal difficulties in the future. Mr. Wedgeworth identified objec-tives for 1985-1989. The association would eliminate the use ofaccrued income, establish operating reserves, and restore pro-grams previously cut.As a follow-up to ALA�?Ts adoption of the national symbol atthe Annual Conference in 1982, ALA recommended to the Fed-eral Highway Administration (FHWA) that a new service signrepresenting libraries be added to the Manual on Uniform Traf-fic Control Devices. Earlier this year an advisory committee tothe FHWA reviewed the ALA proposal and recommended thatthe use of the symbol be rejected. Instead, the advisory commit-tee recommended that a sign using the word message LIBRARYbe adopted with white lettering on a green background since itwould be considered a directional sign. It is anticipated that thisrecommendation will be published for public comment by theFHWA in the Federal Register in early 1984 for a ninety-daycomment period.In order to make an effective response to the Federal Regis-ter notice, ALA will need photos and other examples of thesymbol already in use on directional signs to libraries. If youwish to support the ALA-proposed symbol, send this informa-tion to Peggy Barber, ALA Public Information Office, AmericanLibrary Association, 50 E. Huron Street, Chicago, IL 60611.The Committe on Program Evaluation and Support (COPES)presnted a proposal for a dues increase to take effect in 1985.The dues increase includes a five-year gradual escalation,retains the present membership categories, and encourages theretention of divisional membership. This proposal was passed byCouncil and will be presented to the full membership for a mailvote.President Sheldon reported the establishment of a taskforce to prepare a response to A Nation at Risk. Four paperswill address the role that libraries have in the educational pro-cess and will identify needs libraries have in meeting edutation-al obligations.Council passed a resolution recommending that the Con-tinuing Library Education Network and Exchange (CLENE)become a round table.Two memorial resolutions in tribute to Dr. Annette L. Phin-azee were passed by Council.Grolier National Library Grant Awarded. ALA�?Ts NationalLibrary Week Committee has selected the North Carolina Asso-ciation of School Librarians to receive the 1984 Grolier NationalLibrary Week Grant. Dr. Judie Davie, chairman of the NorthCarolina Association of School Librarians, submitted the pro-posal to the National Library Week Committee. The $1,000 grantwill help the association sponsor the first North Carolina School96�?"North Carolina LibrariesLibrary Media Day during National Library Week 1984. Throughdisplays, news releases, contests, and special events, the associa-tion is working to promote an awareness of the value of goodschool library media programs in North Carolina. The 1984grant will be the first awarded to a state school librarians asso-ciation. The annual grant is contributed by the Grolier Educa-tional Corporation.Chapter Conclave. The conclave offers an opportunity forchapter councilors to meet as a group and discuss issues facingthe Association which could be of particular interest to variousstates. In Washington, the councilors agreed to make a strongeffort to convince ALA�?Ts management to restore the chapterrelations officer to full-time.ALA's Presidential candidates, Ms. Beverly Lynch and Ms.Virginia Matthews, addressed the group, outlining their plat-forms and answering questions. Topics discussed included therole of chapter councilors in the political process, telecommuni-cations, UNESCO, continuing education, the work of theWashington office, and the proposed ALA response to A Nationat Risk.President's Program. The first segment, chaired by GaryStrong of the Legislation Committee, had two distinct parts. Thefirst, addressed by Walter Bolter and Joseph Ford, discussed thegrowing concern over the proposed telephone company localaccess charges and their impact on the electronic transfer ofinformation among libraries. HR 40-102 is currently under dis-cussion in Congress and would overturn the access charge forresidences and small businesses. Bolter emphasized the need forlibrarians to support omission or phasing in of the tariffs and alowering of the rate increase to allow libraries time to search foralternative communication methods. Another strategy men-tioned by Bolter is the possibility of libraries applying for exemp-tions from the increased charges as other groups have alreadydone.In the second portion of the legislative update, the audienceheard from Robert Gellman, counsel, House Subcommittee onGovernment Information. He explained that Executive Order12356, signed by President Reagan, put into effect new rules forsecurity classification, making it easier to classify information,thereby exempting it from the Freedom of Information Act. Gell-man also noted a decrease in governmental statistical activitiesand publications since the beginning of the Reagan administra-tion. His suggestion to librarians concerned about the aboveissues is to contact their legislators and make their lobbyingpresence known. Two informational sheets prepared by the ALAWashington Office elaborate on the above issues: �?oDrasticincreases in telecommunication costs facing libraries�?� and �?oLessaccess to less information by and about the U.S. Government: III.�?�Brooke Sheldon hosted the second segment of the Presi-dent�?Ts Program, entitled �?oLibraries, Literacy and a Nation atRisk.�?�Barbara Bush, wife of the vice-president, commentedlibraries on their efforts to encourage literacy among the Ameri-can people and likened the job libraries are doing to planting aflower�?"they both take a great deal of initial work but theresults last for many years.The panelists were introduced by Sheldon. Elaine Stienke-meyer, president of the National Parent-Teacher Association,stated that her organization emphasizes the role of parents intaking pleasure in reading to their children. A President�?Ts Awardhas been established for excellence in reading and is presentedto local chapters for exemplary programming. Her commentthat �?owe want children to learn how to think, not what to think�?�was warmly applauded by the audience.Dorothy Ridings, president of the National League ofWomen Voters, explained the current warm cooperationbetween libraries and LWV units. She felt that her group�?Ts strong-

est assistance would lie in the arena of supporting local publicpolicy initiatives and sponsorship of public forums on illiteracy.The last panelist, James Fowler, president of Lions Interna-tional, reviewed his organization�?Ts sixty-seven year associationwith libraries and their support programs for persons with fail-ing sight. He announced that a cover story on illiteracy would bedone in the organization�?Ts periodical by late 1984 and that thenational Lions Board has voted approval of the 1984 NationalLibrary Week campaign. Fowler asked everyone present toinform their local Lions Club of the seriousness of the illiteracyproblem in their own community and ask for help to solve it.Secretary of Education Terence Bell thanked libraries forbeing the �?ocornerstone of education and learning.�?� He encour-aged other private companies to follow the lead of B. Dalton andIBM in giving financial aid to libraries and literacy efforts. Bellpresented a $50,000 award from the Department of Educationfor the Literacy National Awareness campaign to Robert Wedge-wood and Jean Coleman of ALA.In the third segment of the program, Arch Lustberg of theU.S. Chamber of Commerce gave a fast-paced and informativepresentation on the skills of platform speaking and how to han-dle confrontations. He showed videotapes of sample budgetpresentations and critiqued them for the audience. He enpha-sized that you've got some who agree with you, some who opposeyou, but you need to persuade the third group�?"the ones whoare unsure; that an audience can react to you with like, dislike,neutrality, or sympathy for you, that confrontation involves theweapons of intelligence, facial features, and body stance; thatthe two elements of platform skills are �?othe pause�?� and eye con-tact; that breathing correctly helps you to deal with stressfulsituations; and that volume is the most misused vocal tool.Emily Boyce, Chapter CouncilorStatement from theNorth Carolina Association ofSchool LibrariansPresented at the Greensboro hearing of the North CarolinaCommission on Education for Economic Growth.The School Library Media Program: andThe School Library Media CoordinatorContributors to Excellence in K-12 EducationRecent studies of education have recommended stronglythat schools better prepare students for lifelong learning. A fre-quently identified survival skill is the ability to locate, generate,evaluate, apply, and appreciate information. The school librarymedia program, through learning activities, educational re-sources, and services, provides the opportunities for childrenand young adults to achieve this goal. As the educational com-munity strives for excellence, the school library media program,administered by the school library media coordinator, can be asignificant contributor to and partner in educational progress.The school library media coordinator:e instructs all students in information retrieval skills and in theuse of materials that contribute to lifelong learning, e.g., how tofind relevant information in reference books, information files,data bases.@ plans with teachers to provide materials and equipmentappropriate for student learning, e.g., books for reading enrich-ment, tapes for listening skills, films for critical viewing expe-riences, microcomputers for programming.NCLA Minutes and Reports@ develops and organizes collections of appropriate materialsto achieve the instructional objectives of K-12 education, e.g.,magazines, microcomputer software, videotapes, books, profes-sional materials for teachers.© participates in resource sharing and networking to supple-ment the materials and equipment in the individual school, e.g.,school-public cooperation for efficient use of communityresources, interlibrary loan, telecommunications.© provides leadership in the careful expenditure of funds foreducational resources that help teachers individu alize instruc-tion, e.g., cooperative purchasing, state contracts.e administers the school library media program as an integralpart of the curriculum, e.g., planning, implementation, evalua-tion, instruction, production, and reading, listening, and viewingguidance.The school library media program requires:PERSONNELProfessional: for each school, a minimum of one full-time mediacoordinator, certified with competencies in teacher education,selection and evaluation of materials, organization and man-agement of collections, production and use of resources, andadministration of the school library media program. (One mediacoordinator/enrollment to 499 students.)Support: clerical and technical aides in sufficient numbers toperform the nonprofessional functions of the school librarymedia program. (One clerical/technical aide/enr ollment to 499students.)RESOURCESPrint: a minimum of ten books per student, thirty magazinesubscriptions, two newspapers plus information file materialsfor schools with fewer than 400 students.1983 average cost per book:Grades K-3 $11.33Grades 4-8 $11.53Grades 9-12 $12.881983 average cost per set of encyclopedias $483.001983 average magazine subscription $27.44(up 27 per cent in 1983)Nonprint: microcomputer software, recordings, filmstrips, micro-forms, slides, maps, films, etc., in quantities appropriate to meetthe instructional objectives of the curriculum.1983 average cost per educational 15-minute16mm film $306.001983 average cost per filmstrip $25.00average cost of nonprint up 300-500 per centin last 10 yearsEquipment: microcomputers, projectors, record players, taperecorders, etc., in quantities appropriate to meet the instruc-tional objectives of the curriculum.1983 average cost of microcomputers $750.00-$2,500.001983 average cost of 16 mm film projector $750.001983 average cost of cassette tape recorder $50.00-$150.00FACILITIESSpace: accessible in scheduling and design to accommodate aminimum of 45 students or 15 per cent of the student enroll-ment areas: instruction, circulation, reference, conference, pro-duction, storage, office, reading, listening, and viewing guidance.BUDGET60 per cent or more of the instructional materials funds allocat-ed by the state are needed to develop and maintain schoollibrary media collections.In 1983-1984, instructional materials funds per ADM(average daily membership):1984 Summer�?"97

NCLA Minutes and ReportsGrades K-3 $21.50Grades 4-6 $17.00Grades 7-12 $15.50Judie DavieChairman, NCASLHonorary and Life Membershipin NCLAThe 1984-1985 Honorary and Life Member-ship Committee requests your recommendationsfor persons you consider worthy to be honoraryor life members in NCLA. Suggestions should beaccompanied by a biographical sketch, includingcontributions to libraries or librarianship. Thesesuggestions should be sent to the committeechairperson by January 31, 1985.The NCLA by-laws provide for the Honoraryand Life Membership Committee to seek sugges-tions from all members and to recommend namesfor these honors to the Executive Board at theSpring Workshop prior to the conference.Criteria for selection are as follows:1. Honorary memberships may be given tonon-librarians in the state who have renderedimportant services to the library interests ofNorth Carolina. Honorary memberships shouldbe given at a time considered appropriate in rela-tion to the contribution made.2. Life memberships may be given to librar-ians who have servedas members of the NorthCarolina Library Association and who have madenoteworthy contributions to librarianship in thestate. These memberships are limited to librar-ians who have retired.3. Contributions of both groups should havebeen beyond the local level.Please send your selections to:Kathy Shropshire, chairpersonHonorary and Life Membership CommitteeGreensboro Public LibraryP O Drawer X-4Greensboro, NC 27402Join NCLANORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION�?"�?" New membership �?"�?" Renewal �?"�?" Membership no.NameFirst Middle LastPositionBusiness AddressCity or Town State Zip CodeMailing Address (if different from above)CHECK TYPE OF DUES:© SPECIAL-Trustees, paraprofessional and support staff, non-salaries persons,retired librarians, library school students, �?oFriends of the Library,�?� and non-VDF ARAN GRR imei Oe. che yy cae cat PF ene coke (nak ocsencl ape ate $15.00O LIBRARIANS�?"earning up to $12,000 «20.0... eee cc ccccccececceceee $22.00© LIBRARIANS�?"earning $12,000 to $20,000.20... 0... cece eeeeeeeeeee $30.00O_LIBRARIANS�?"earning over $20,000 ...........0cccccccceceeeececesece $40.00© CONTRIBUTING�?"individual, Association, Firm, etc. interested in the work of[TF Sy Sm aE ENR SC oS eae ct 4 aR Pt Oh $50.00O INSTITUTIONAL�?"Same for all libraries ..............060c0cc ec ee ee eee $50.00CHECK SECTIONS: One free; $4.00 each additional.O Children's O Trustees O Women's Round TableO College © Public oO roy er ingereO Documents O Ref. & Adult ethnie Minorities ANO Jr. College © RTSS (Res.-Tech.)© NCASL (School) O JMRTAMOUNT ENCLOSED §.ee neneneenenieneeneneseeeMail to:Eunice Drum, Treasurer, NCLA, Division of State Library, 109 East Jones Street, Raleigh, NC 27611.98�?"North Carolina Libraries

Treasurer's ReportNCLA Minutes and ReportsJanuary 1, 1983 �?" December 31, 1983Exhibit ABalance on Hand �?" January 1, 1983 �?" Checking AccountReceipts:Dues and Receipts:Association $25,044.50Sections (Schedule 1) 10,632.74Total Dues and ReceiptsNORTH CAROLINA LIBRARIES (Schedule 1)Reimbursed Expenses (THL)Reimbursed Expenses (N.C. Educational Media)Reimbursed Expenses (Exec. Board Meals)Reimbursed Expenses (Ray Moore Fund)Reimbursed Expenses (IFC Luncheon)1983 ConferenceRTSS/College & Univ. Symposium ReceiptsDues Overpayment to be RefundedTransfers from:General Savings $ 6,500.00RTSS Money Market Acct. 1,100.00Scholarship Savings 3,000.00Total ReceiptsTotal Cash to Account ForExpenditures (Exhibit B)Cash Balance, December 31, 1983*Does not include $30,813.25 deposited in Cash Investment AccountsExhibit BExecutive Office �?" Expenses: Cash DisbursementsTelephonePostageComputer ChargesClerical HelpPhotocopyAudit and Preparation of 1982 Tax FormsMail ProcessingP. O. Box RentPrinting and DuplicatingPresident�?Ts ExpensesOther Officers�?T ExpensesALA Representative ExpensesSELA Representative ExpensesNORTH CAROLINA LIBRARIES (Schedule 1)TAR HEEL LIBRARIES-1983 ConferenceTransfers to:General SavingsGeneral Cash Investment Acct.New TreasurerCommittee Expenses:Intellectual FreedomLibrary ResourcesScholarshipGovernmental RelationsGoals and ObjectivesHonorary and Life MembershipEducation for LibrarianshipSections Expenses (Schedule 1)Freedom to Read Foundation 1983 & 1984 MembershipALA 1984 Membership DuesRefund of DuesSpring WorkshopBulk Mail Account Deposits (less reimbursements)Labels for UNC-CH Librarians�?T AssociationExecutive Board MealsScholarships (3)Loans (5)Ray Moore AwardsExpenses to be reimbursedOther ExpensesTotal Disbursements (To Exhibit A)*Does not include $18,956.66 paid from Cash Investment Account.($ 649.08 )$35,677.243,630.421,783.4426.89187.00100.00329.2618,884.01 *4,438.03114.0010,600.00$75,770.29$75,121.2173,610.65$ 1,510.56$ 449.62717.551,235.62212.6368.10285.00256.3020.00591.10 $ 3,835.92766.38123.541,737.80189.8611,249.412,136.807,240.01 *$18,500.005,000.00500.00 24,000.00$ 490.14200.00200.00527.7236.16151.34268.00 1,873.3615,284.60200.0050.00151.00219.6286.768.10205.923,000.001,000.00100.00103.9647.61$73,610.651984 Summer�?"99

PresidentLELAND M. PARKDavidson College LibraryDavidson, NC 28036(704) 892-2000 Ext. 331First Vice-President/President-ElectPAULINE F. MYRICKMoore County SchoolsBox 307Carthage, NC 28327(919) 947-2976Second Vice-PresidentM. JANE WILLIAMSDivision of State Library109 East Jones StreetRaleigh, NC 27611(919) 733-2570SecretaryROBERTA S. WILLIAMSTransylvania County Library105 South Broad StreetBrevard, NC 28712(704) 884-3151TreasurerEUNICE P. DRUMBox 40034Raleigh, NC 27604(919) 733-4488DirectorSHIRLEY B. MCLAUGHLINAsheville-Buncombe TechnicalCollege340 Victoria RoadAsheville, NC 28801(704) 254-1921 Ext. 300DirectorJERRY A. THRASHERCumberland County PublicLibraryBox 1720Fayetteville, NC 28302(919) 483-1580Past PresidentMERTYS W. BELLGuilford Technical CommunityCollegeBox 309Jamestown, NC 27282(919) 292-1101 Ext. 2295ALA RepresentativeEMILY BOYCEDepartment of Library ScienceEast Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC 27834(919) 757-6621100�?"North Carolina LibrariesNCLA EXECUTIVE BOARD1983-85SELA RepresentativeREBECCA S. BALLENTINEInstitute of GovernmentUNC-Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC 27514(919) 966-4130Editor, North Carolina LibrariesROBERT BURGINForsyth County Public Library660 West 5th StreetWinston-Salem, NC 27101(919) 727-2556SECTION/ROUNDTABLE CHAIRSChildren�?Ts ServicesKAREN M. PERRYArchdale-Trinity Middle SchoolBox 232Trinity, NC 27370(919) 431-6714College and UniversityROBERT N. BLANDRamsey LibraryUNC-Asheville, NC 28814(704) 258-6543DocumentsEMILY CORRELLPublic Library of Charlotte andMecklenburg County310 North Tryon StreetCharlotte, NC 28202(704) 374-2540Junior CollegesANDREA P. BROWNKenan LibrarySt. Mary�?Ts College900 Hillsborough StreetRaleigh, NC 27603-1689(919) 828-2521 Ext. 313Junior Members RoundtableVIVIAN W. BEECHNew Hanover County PublicLibrary201 Chestnut StreetWilmington, NC 28403(919) 763-3303N.C. Association of SchoolLibrariansJUDIE DAVIEDepartment of Library Science/Educational TechnologyUNC-GreensboroGreensboro, NC 27412(919) 379-5100 Ext. 63Public LibraryJUDITH K. SUTTONPublic Library of Charlotte andMecklenburg County310 North Tryon StreetCharlotte, NC 28202(704) 374-2660Reference and Adult ServicesLARRY BARRDepartment of Library andMedia StudiesAppalachian State UniversityBoone, NC 28608(704) 262-2243Resources and Technical ServicesBENJAMIN F. SPELLER, JR.School of Library ScienceNorth Carolina Central UniversityDurham, NC 27707(919) 683-6485Roundtable for Ethnic MinorityConcernsMARY P. WILLIAMSJ. Y. Joyner LibraryKast Carolina UniversityGreenville, NC 27834(919) 757-6691Roundtable on the Status ofWomen in LibrarianshipPATSY J. HANSELCumberland County PublicLibraryBox 1720Fayetteville, NC 28302(919) 483-8600TrusteesDOROTHY R. BURNLEY508 Ashe StreetHigh Point, NC 27260(919) 733-4838TT he CL Ludo i 73 b.2 Yo (oxy F2 ago �?o3penting eats mo 4) , To 7 wuhiad VAD chonge)Mt Ad wider : 1a/S ak Dihe 19 22

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