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INSIDE: Watergate, EnlistedPOWs Charged With Collabora-tion, How To Fight Article 15s,Duluth Crew Protests FloatingDeathtrap, Article 134 ThrownOut, and more .UP AGAINST THEBULKHEADNumber 15 / June-July 197398 Chenery Street, San Francisco, CA 94131 Free to GlsThis paper cannot legally be taken from you. According to DoD Directive 1325.6, oPossession of unauthorized material may not be prohibited.�Pat Chenoweth DoesTen Months Brig TimeFor An Act He DidnTt DoAfter ten months of torment in the stockade atTreasure Island, Fireman Patrick Chenoweth, accused ofsabotaging the aircraft carrier USS Ranger has beenacquitted of all charges and honorably discharged fromthe Navy.The 21-year-old sailor from Puyallup, Washington,was charged with having inserted a paint scraper and two12-inch bolts into the RangerTs reduction: gears lastsummer in Alameda, California. This paralyzed thecarrier for three months and cost the Navy almost amillion dollars to repair.lt was one of approximately 30 acts of sabotagewhich crippled the Ranger all thru last summer.NO EVIDENCEFrom the time he was jailed last August 2, the Navyseemed almost desperate to convict Chenoweth.Attorneys and others who had spent time observingmilitary injustice said that they had never seen themilitary so eager to put someone away.The Navy had no evidence, but only two witnesseswho reported hearing Pat claim credit for the sabotage.No witnesses said they saw Pat throwing bolts into thegears. The prosecution was unable to establish when,within a ten-day period, the bolts were thrown. Therewas no physical evidence, such as fingerprints, thatlinked Pat to the act. The defense showed that over 600other sailors had access to the area where the gears arelocated. Even the NavyTs star witness said that hethought Pat was ~o~jokingTT when he made his commentabout the sabotage. That witness also stated in courtthat he did not believe that Pat had done it. Finally, thedefense showed that many others on the ship had madesimilar boasts, including the Executive Officer!On this evidence, they charged him with sabotage intime of war, a charge used only once since WWII. ItContinued on page 7

Let'sHistoryB-52 CREWS PROTEST CAMBODIA BOMBINGWashington, D.C. (May 2) " At least a dozen crewmenwho are flying B-52 raids from Guam to Cambodia, havewritten members of Congress protesting the raids. Thestaff workers who received the letters for SenatorsFulbright, Kennedy, McGovern and Hughes, said theletters were especially heavy. One from a navigator said:oWe are no more than a mercenary army fighting solelyon the discretion of our President.T Another said, oIenlisted to defend our nation, not to fight for some littlecountries that cannot settle problems in its owngovernment.TT A common theme was that the bombingshould have ended after American prisoners werereleased by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam(usually called oNorth Vietnam�). One letter from aco-pilot read, othis plea isnTt a one man show. Themajority of the crew force presently engaged in theseoperations are tired and fed up with the entire affair.�But other pilots have done more than plea. InNovember 1971, fighter-bomber pilots aboard the carrierCoral Sea -turned in their wings and refused to fly at atime when the enlisted crewmen had an active Stop OurShips (SOS) movement going. As recently as December1972, a B-52 pilot named Michael Heck refused to flythe Christmas raids over northern Vietnam. These pilotswere at least guided by the history of enlisted peopleTsresistance. They knew that they had the power to stopthe bombing because they were the ones who flew them.As the Cambodian bombing nears its one hundredth day,maybe some of those fliers will stop writing theirCongressmen and start taking some action themselves.(Source: Camp News)VETS EJECT MARINE RECRUITERSSan Francisco, Calif. (February) USMC recruiterscame to the City College of San Francisco, and weregreeted by an un-welcoming committee of students,most of them vets. A white captain and a black sergeantwalked on campus and set up a literature table in frontof the cafeteria. Someone told them that students werecoming to picket them, and asked if they intended tostay. o~Hell yes!� replied the sergeant. ~~WeTre staying.�But then a group of veterans came, told the recruitersthat their presence was an insult to the vets studyingthere, and told them to leave. Within fifteen minutes,the recruiters had packed up and split.Veterans interviewed by Dan Borgstrom ex-L/Cpl,USMC, had a lot to say. ~~We might as well have MeyerLansky here recruiting trigger men for the Mafia.� oI eatchow in that mess-hall and lifers spoil my appetite.�oItTs like having the KKK burn a cross in your yard.�Several vets also referred to Maj. Gen. Smedley ButierTsfamous quotation: ~Recruiters are professional liars.�(Source: Camp News and The Veteran Newspaper)EXPLOSIVES FOR VIETNAMTravis AFB, Calif. (May) " An airman told. staffmembers of the Travis underground Gl paper,oTravisty,� that he had loaded explosives onto C-141s.Most were tagged for Thailand, he said. But others inthat shipment were also tagged for Cambodia andVietnam, in direct violation of the ceasefire agreement,signed January 27. Since the big-money mass presshasnTt- exposed these American violations of thecease-fire accords, we feel itTs our job now to do that.Any other reports you send to us about transportingweapons, ordinance, planes, or advisers to Vietnam, willbe reported in the oBulkhead� as we receive them.(Source: Travisty) :WHO STOLE MY HAT?Lemoore NAS, Calif. (May) " An admiralTs hat, a $50gold-braided cap, was the object of an intense search atLemoore NAS near Fresno, after Rear Admiral ClydeVan Arsdale reported it missing. The search delayed theweekend departure of hundreds of sailors and caused amile-long traffic jam at the gate as all cars leaving basewere searched inside and out. The hat was never found.This Van Arsdale character is the man whoTs head of the7th Naval District! (Source: San Francisco Chronicle)WHATEVER HAPPENED TOARMED FORCES DAY?USA (May 19) " May 19 was Armed Forces Day, butyou'd never know it. Only three years ago the brass washaving air shows, weapons demonstrations, opening theirbases to the public. A real heavy snow job. But this yearwas a real retreat for the brass, though. Years of publicdisillusionment with the military, and contempt for thewar theyTve been so hot to fight, have added up toalmost no official Armed Forces Day at all this year. AtHamilton AFB, California, a sergeant summed it all up inan interview with the San Francisco Chronicle, saying, o~lguess itTs not the most popular thing in the world today,is it?TT (Source: San Francisco Chronicle)DONTT BUY FARAH PANTSIn May of 1972, the people who make Farah pants,walked out of the factory in San Antonio, Texas.Workers at plants in El Paso, Victoria, Las Cruces andAlbuquerque soon joined the strike. They walked outbecause they wanted to have some control over the workthey did. The company wouldnTt even talk with thestrikers. Instead, the company responded by issuing gunsand patrol dogs to plant guards, surrounding the plantswith barbed wire and telescopic cameras, and illegallyrounding up citizens of Mexico to do the work thestrikers refuse to do. 1500 people have been arrested in14 months. Still the strike grows stronger. The followingletter was sent by the strike committee to'GI papers allover the country. ItTs a Chicano vetTs view of what thestrike is about.Dear Brothers & Sisters in the military,! am a Chicano worker. | worked until May T72 in theFarah Pants Company in Texas. | am now out on strikefor the tenth month. 3,000 workers are struggling fordignity, better living conditions, and the end ofdiscrimination,/ write to you, my military brothers and sistersbecause | was in the military not so long ago. Many of usare veterans, so we know what it means to be insidethere, and why we think you'll understand and supportUs.We went and served in the military, many believing inserving this country. One of the main reasons was that asChicanos, most of us were working people and wecouldn't find a job when we got out of school. Themilitary was the way to survive. Many of us got killed inunjust wars, We were about 20% of the casualties. Thoseof us who came back to Texas with machinists,mechanics, and radio operators experience started thepainful and humiliating task of seeking jobs that werereserved for white people. | looked for a mechanic jobfor six months; | was refused in many places, givenridiculous tests in others, Money started to run low andmy family couldnTt wait for changes in this society inorder to eat. So | got a job at Farah, the largestmanufacturer of pants in the country. There you donTtneed a trade. They train you as they like. You get aplace to sit at any machine they acquire, and all that isexpected of you is work; maybe | should say slave!We are not supposed to talk with each other, or to goto the washroom. We are required to say, ~Yes, sirTT atall times and to o~mind our own business�... . that is, nottalk about the working conditions,Any human being has a limit and a demand. The limitof our patience was over. We started feeling strongtogether and now our demand is the sky! We want not araise but we want a future for our families. We want adecent society. So we started to organize and we foundthe bitter truth, The whole establishment was against us.Arrests, unlawful strike breaking and harassment facedus. So we turned to our friends. Workers all over thecountry are helping us with money, with solidarity, andwith the boycott.Now we turn to you. Where you are on the militarybases Farah sells many pants in the PX. And those pantssold to you are hurting all of us.Many times soldiers have been used against workers.But now, it comes to a time that we know more abouteach other than ever before. We now ask you to not buyFarah pants in your PXs!We ask you to do whatever is possible to help us steptoward self-determination for you and all other workersfaced with the same threats and oppressive conditions.DONTT BUY FARAH PANTS! VIVA LA HUELGA!TWELVE SAILORS ON NIXONTS YACHTCAUGHT SMOKING POTAINTT THAT HOTWashington, D.C. (May 26) " Twelve sailors assigned tothe unit that operates Tricky DickTs yacht, the Sequoia,have been transferred after some of them werediscovered smoking marijuana. The incident marks thesecond time in three weeks that Navy men assigned jobsnear the President have been investigated for smoking -dope.UP AGAINST THE BULKHEAD / JUNE-JULY 1973 / PAGE ONE

_ LETTERS[A WORD FROM THE STAFF]These two pages of letters donTt include even half the letters wereceive for publication. DonTt get pissed off if your letter isnTthere. WeTre holding the rest over to the next issue. So keep thoseletters coming. Because of space limitations, weTve been unableto print the complete text of every letter. When we have to editthem, we look for the parts that would be of interest to otherreaders. Letters are not edited for political content. If we runyour letter, it will say just what it said when you sent it to us.[USS CORAL SEA]Dear Friends / Hi, how is it in the land of the free andthe home of the brave? The Captain dropped into JoeTscompartment this morning and was horrified because thelights were out! Heck, half the division is on 6 & 6 [sixhours on duty, six hours off /, and itTs Sunday besides,All snipes die in their bunks on Sunday, except for thecard players.... Oh, | almost forgot. That black guy |put in a good word for at court-martial is out of the brignow. He could have gotten over a month and superrestricted, but he got ten days and thirty days restrictionwith a $196 fine. ThatTs real rough, but he could havegotten worse. HeTs a cook now and seems real happy. |talked with him and he said he was sure glad | putmyself in the picture at his court-martial. You canimagine how good that made me fee! !Well, ITve got to go relieve Terrible Tom the Lifer forawhile. Peace, goodwill, and FTN. K eeping on "B.G.[FROM EXILE IN CANADA]Dear People at Bulkhead / | was very impressed withyour article which argued that now is not the time forthe Gl movement to shrivel up and die. As an Armydeserter | know that the racism and oppression that isthe lifeblood of the military hasnTt disappeared. | knowalso that American imperialism has not changed its ways,and that since the military is the tool by which policiesof this imperialism are implemented, the struggle againstUS imperialism cannot end. Hence, you will find theenclosed donation.Just as the struggle against imperialism cannot /et up,there is another struggle which is just beginning " theone for universal, unconditional amnesty for warresisters. By no means should the struggle for amnestyimply that US imperialism has ceased to exist, but ratherthat now is the time to win back the rights and freedomof Gls, ex-Gls, and draft resisters so that they can fightagain, and so that in the public eye it will be seen that toresist US imperialism is correct and proper.Yours for universal, unconditional amnesty,"J.C.vasisal 74The catapult crew of the USS Coral Sea collapsed asleep in between raids during the cruise of 1971-72.[FORT LEAVENWORTH DISCIPLINARY BARRACKS]Dear Bro S. {| Some dude got beat up and they arecharging me for the assault. They want to court-martialme again, you see, by me being black, they donTt wantto let me go. They want to bust me. Also, these guardsin the base assaulted me when | came down here. Abouteight of them worked me over. But ITm alright now.The inmate was beat up pretty bad in the morningwhen everyone was asleep. He claims he thinks | wasthere but canTt be sure cuz the guys were all wearingmasks. | should have my trial in three weeks. | donTttrust these military lawyers, since | am facing five to tenyears./ donTt know whatTs happening here lately, but ITmliving in sixteen hours a day of fear because they keepthreatening me. | am going to send you an article that |would like you to type up and send to my parents and asmany papers as possible. We, the black people, have tostop these swine before they kill even one of us, Theydid kill a brother in 1969 when they hung him. But thecase was closed in five minutes as a suicide case whichwas a bunch of bullshit.They won't send a man back to jail when the public isaware whatTs happening. They just canTt afford that.Because they want to hide the truth from the public.They have done that for too long. We've got to show thepeople whatTs really happening to our black brothers inthis prison. Once these people find out the public isaware of the truth, things should cool down. . . .Yours in the revolution -R.R.[EditorTs note: These are selections of letters from RayRasak, a black inmate at Fort Leavenworth DisciplinaryBarracks. He is from Los Angeles, and was due out inOctober. But in early May of this year, he found himselfframed on an assault charge, and almostTframed on adrug possession charge. The best way to show supportfor Ray is to write him at this address: Ray Rasak,Drawer oA�, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.Daryl! Larrabee, one of seven sailors off the USS Constellationwho refused to deploy to Nam with the ship.[USS WESTCHESTER COUNTY]Brothers | My morale is at a peak not because of Navyefforts, but because of the truths you print. | do notoppose just the American government, but allgovernments because they deny freedom. | am for thepeople and some day the people will rise and crush ourcapitalistic government. | believe myself to be a socialistanarchist. ITm not new to the movement. ITve hadcontact with it for many years now. The Navy was just acuriosity. Power,PAGE TWO / UP AGAINST THE BULKHEAD / JUNE-JULY 1973The entrance to the Fort Dix stockade.[A WOMAN FROM PLEASANT HILL, OREGON]Hello | To whomever reads this first, let me introducemyself: Mrs, Pat Jacobson, 42 years young, mother offour (three boys) and a former member of the averageflag-waving, apple-pie baker, housewifery conglomeratethat makes up the put-together of this country. Thanksto the oeducation�T my oldest son is receiving in the USNITve presently evolved into a radical nervous wreck thatis slowly becoming unglued. Maybe ITm unique, but |LISTEN to my kids. If they have a better answer orsolution to a particular problem than | do, it receives myattention. If | agree with them, ITm with them all theway; if | disagree, | respect their opinion and shut up!Information about SOS was brought home by our sonJeff (presently aboard the USS Coral Sea) lastNovember, along with pictures he took at thedemonstrations before they deployed to TNamNovember 12. His choice of enlisting in the Navy(beause of a low /ottery number) was not the smartestthing heTs ever done.Peace, -Pat Jacobson[TREASURE ISLAND BRIG]Bulkhead / In your April edition you said that PatChenowethTs trial was going to the Philippines [see storyon page one], The people out there that are fighting forPat are wonderful people. It really helps Pat here in thebrig Rnowing that there are people behind him. To say afew things about Pat, he is a beautiful person. He knowswhat he wants and he really has his head together. Thisbrig changes most people, me included. But Pat staysPat, through the strength of the people behind him |suppose.! personally have been locked up for 74% monthswithout a trial so | think | know how Pat must feel. It isquite a weight on your mind 24 hours a day. Peacethrough love "W.M.[USS FOX]Dear People / First of all | would like to describe lifeaboard the Fox (DLG33). Morale is very low. I, aradioman, am standing port and starboard watches whilecatching only four hours sleep a night. But my sympathyisnTt for myself. ItTs for the BTs [boiler technicians]aboard the ship. It has come to my attention that theyare also standing port and starboard watches with fourhours sleep. But their warking conditions areunbearable. Many are losing weight from skipping mealsto get 45 minutes of extra sleep. Our minds are numbedand our body functions are retarded by constant fatigue.Why not join forces to stump the enlistment rate ofthe Armed Forces. Picket recruiting offices!! Warn youryounger brothers!! Many come into the service fromlack of jobs. Give those brothers jobs so they won't haveto sell their self-respect for a few dollars and a pack oflies!We can make it happen. -T.A.

[MARINE VET GETTING SHAFTED]Dear Bulkhead / This is just to let you know how thingsare going with some of us ~~vets,TT | have been houndedby the Marine Corps off and on ever since | finally gotout. At first | ignored them because | donTt feel that |owe them anything more than theyTve already gottenfrom me " my life for eight years with the great possibi-lity of the supreme sacrifice. My father thought that thiswas an unfair action as it had also happened to mybrother-in-law (former Sgt. Ed Snodgrass, US Army, ofSpencer, West Virginia " spent his time in helicopters inVietnam).I've heard from some friends that you are runningshort of cash now and I'm not able to help you out any.I'm busted too. The good old V.A. just isnTt taking careof its own, Everyone told me that you have to pay thegovernment when the say you owe them something. But/ guess you really donTt. They just do what they can toscrew up the rest of your life. Well, 1Tm not paying and |wish that all the other ex-Gls would take the same stand.Most of the guys | know have gotten letters [from mill-tary credit unions] demanding them to pay back somealleged amount of money that they are supposed to owe.Once | finished that job | feel it should be over and anymistake that may have been made is their fault.[EditorTs note: The following letter was sent by Dan tothe Marine Corps Finance Center. They claim he owesthem over a $100. ]To anyone concerned at the Marine Corps FinanceCenter / As you may know from reviewing my servicerecord, | spent a little more than eight years in the U.S.Marine Corps in good standing. Three of those yearswere spent in direct involvement in your ~~beautifulTT warin Viet Nam and the other five in direct support./ lost a home at a loss in San Diego in 1968 and a wifeand two children while on my second tour in your VietNam war. | gained no money fortunes while in theservice of my country and will probably not recover formany years if ever from the mental state in which it leftme. | am very destitute at this time and see nothingbetter for quite a period in the future. | ama full timestudent trying to make a better future for myself. | havestarted into my second semester of college and have stillnot received a check from the veteransTs administrationfor education. No money or time for any social activityat all, and you expect me to pay the richest governmentin the world for a mistake that it made while in fullcontrol of my person and records. | couldnTt pay if |wanted to.If it pleases you to try and mess up my future byscrewing up a credit reference and adding a detrimentalpost-mortem to my service record, then so be it. Youalready ruined the last ten, so why not have a hand inthe next. With no due respect, "D.M.[USS CONSTELLATION]Sympathizers | Here | am a patriot in the eyes of manyAmericans, setting out on yet another seek and destro IYerrand in the name of opeace with honor.TT And theirfavorite slogan is oLove it or leave it!� Well, wake upyou patriots with the white canes, for | have left it. Andyour idea of olove� is leaving your homeland to dobattle with people who are truly willing to die for whatthey believe in. You wonder why | offer my utmostrespect to the NLF and NVA ... 1 wish American hadsomething worth dying for.During the transit over to P.1. [the Philippines], fourmain machinery room had a fire that put it out ofcommission for about two and a half weeks. Then twomainTs reduction gears and turbines lost lube oil andwere odeemed�T non-operational#or the remainder of thefirst line period and much of this one. And we have realevaporator troubles. Had to turn off the water for a day.Salt water showers were open. So far, one man has beenkilled " sucked into the intake of a F4.The pilots havenTt hung any more planes over theside. | guess ESO ran out of USAFI courses on anarch ',But the pilots, with their neatly cut moustaches, pear!white teeth, and shiny golden wings are getting nervous.Nothing to kill and boost their egos for days. Couldcreate a serious personality conflict.It is good tidings to hear of Billy D. SmithTs freedom[not guilty verdict in a fragging case at Fort Ord]. Butthis outcome puts an even greater strain on Jeff Allisonand Pat Chenoweth [both charged with sabotage] forthe military is now more than ever hungry for the bloodof the heroes of the working class. So everybody, writeto the heavies. The most powerful revolutionary weaponthat anyone and everyone can possess is easily found inA Marine double amputee in the Oak Knoll NavalHospital, California.[29 PALMS, CALIFORNIA]Dear S. / By the way, you know that book oAsk AMarine by David Osborne? Well, do you still havecontacts with him? Cause my brother read it and haseven started writing up a follow-up to it, and we want toknow if D. Osborne would mind if we put it in print!ITve read and helped a bit here and there, and | think itTsfar out! When we finish it | will send you a copy and letyou think about it, and let us know what you think. Bythe way, my brother was in the suck for three years, sohe knows what itTs like.In peace and freedom "Richard & Chris[EditorsTs note: the book referred to was written by aMarine named David Osborne, while he was in thePendleton brig awaiting a general court-martial fordesertion. The pamphlet is available from the Bulkheadfor fifteen cents. |[GERMANY]Dear Bulkhead | Remember us, okay? Those small unitsscattered through the German countryside. Twenty of uspoor captives wardened by a handful of osuperiors.TTNowhere to go. Nothing to do. We can hybernate ourway through our tour, or we can stand up to atotalitarian hierarchy of self-centered pigs. We sit andstagnate while the command speaks of the high moraleof our unit and our brother units. | for one refuse to sitstill and rot. If you could send me a dozen copies of theBulkhead, maybe | can use them to get people together.lsolation is one of our big problems,Keep truckinT. "T.M.Members of Vietnam Veterans Against the War in a demonstration at the Republican National Convention in Miami, Florida inAugust 1972.[CUBA]Sirs | Please send me info on a way to get out of theNavy by legal means. | joined the Navy because theArmy was after me. ITm stationed in Gitmo[Guantanamo, Cuba ] and these lifers are dri ving mecrazy. Any assistance would be appreciated. -}.F.[SOUTH KOREA]Bulkhead / Incidents? Several fights between blacks andwhites on the nightly buses that travel around thedifferent posts. Two infiltrators murdered in the Koreansector of the DMZ. The G-2 pictures were gruesome.Two Yongsan soldiers (Americans) took over a policestation on a hill in Seoul and held hostages with muchammunition demanding to be released from the Armyand returned to the states. They gave in and the weaponsand ammo that were captured still has not beenofficially accounted for. Where would one gathertogether enough weapons for an entire company?Black marketing is some of the worst in the world, |suppose, since | have never run into such corruption andoutright stealing as | have seen over here. The milliondollars in aid poured in here annually is only a pittancecompared to the amount of government property andPX items that are stolen and turned over on the market.ItTs a book in itself, but the people involved in stoppingit are probably on the take also, because it never seemsThe USS Constellation deploying for Vietnam in the Fall ofae 1971.any store: a pen and paper. to make a significant change."C.M.UP AGAINST THE BULKHEAD / JUNE-JULY 1973 / PAGE THREE

What Is An Article 15?An Article 15 is described in the Uniform Code ofMilitary Justice (UCMJ) as non-judicial punishment. Thismeans that it is punishment that can be administeredwithout a trial or a judge.The Army and Air Force call it Article 15. The Navycalls it CaptainTs Mast. The Marines call it Office Hours.ItTs all the same thing.What Can Article 15s Be Given For?Article 15 can only be given for acts or omissions thatare against the UCMJ. Like refusing an order, drugs,uniform violations, etc. Article 15s are always given foracts that could be punished by a military court. It isused to intimidate the troops and keep them undercontrol. Because there is no court involved they do nothave to prove their accusations! It is much cheaper andtakes less time for them.Who Can Give An Article 15?Only the commanding officer (squadron commander/AF) of a unit, or a person who has been given theauthority under the proper regulation (like a platoonleader in the Army) can give an Article 15. He must bein your chain of command. No NCO can give an Article15.What Punishment Can Be GivenWith Article 15?If a CO who is Captain or below gives the Article 15(more likely in the Army and Marines) the maximumpunishments are: (a) if imposed on a person attached toa ship, confinement on bread and water or diminishedrations for not more than three consecutive days; (b)correctional custody for not more than seven days; (c)loss of not more than seven days pay; (d) reduction ofone pay grade, if he has the authority to promote you tothe grade you are now; (e) extra duty for not more thanfourteen days; (f) restriction to a specific area for notmore than fourteen days.If given by a Major or above, the maximumpunishments are: (a) custody up to 30 days; (b) loss ofnot more than half your pay for two months; (c)reduction to lowest pay grade, unless you are E-5 orabove, then reduced two grades; (d) extra duty up to 45days; (e) restriction up to 60 days; (f) holding of yourpay, 50% maximum, up to three months worth, andthey donTt have to give it back to you for one year,unless you get out earlier.Can They Give All These Punishments At Once?No. Some punishments can be combined. Forexample, they can give 30 days custody, reduction tolowest grade and a fine. They canTt combine restrictionfor 60 days, 30 days custody, and 45 days extra duty aspunishments. They also cannot give a fine and hold payf,;;at the same time, unless they give an apportionment (seepages 26-7 and 26-8 of the Manual for Courts-Martial).Does An Article 15 Have To Be Accepted?No! If someone feels that the military doesnTt have areally good case, they can refuse to sign. There are twoways someone can refuse: a person can call the militaryTsbluff by refusing to sign and not requesting acourt-martial. If the military didnTt really have anystrong evidence, they might drop charges. Or if a personwants to fight, they can request a summary or a specialcourt-martial. If you simply refuse to sign, the brass canconvene any of the three kinds of court-martials,depending on the offense you are charged with.If you are on board a ship you do not have the rightto refuse a CaptainTs Mast. This is unconstitutional, butit has not been tested.There is much debate as to whether Article 15sshould ever be signed. A strong GI movement on a basecan hamper the BrassTs power to_ inflict arbitraryharassment on Gls by waging a widespread campaign ofmassive refusal to sign Article 15s. This will clog up themilitary courts, since they could never handle that manycourt-martials, and force COs to hand out fewer Article15s.However, an individual GI should consider thedifferent possibilities before refusing to sign. Manytimes, Article 15s are given for offenses that couldwarrant a much heavier punishment than an Article 15could give. For example, many people are given Article1Ss when caught with a lid or some joints. If it has beena legal search and they have the evidence, it would becrazy not to sign.If You Accept An Article 15The DoD has recently issued new provisions onArticle 15s that give you a few more rights when youface your CO. The new rules are:harrassment to one of fairness and justice.PAGE FOUR / UP AGAINST THE BULKHEAD / JUNE-JULY 1973PETITION TO THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATESREGARDING ARTICLE 15, UCMJWe, the undersigned Gls of [name of your base, ship, or duty station] demand that Congresscompletely change Article 15, UCMJ, taking the power to impose punishment out of the hands ofCommanding Officers and putting it into the hands of enlisted people.We propose that a board be established composed of three EMs, grades E-1 thru E-9, who wouldbe elected every ninety days in company-wide elections. That board would decide on all cases thatare now decided by commanding offivers. The board would hear both sides of a case, allowing theaccused to defend himself before making its decision. , |Article 15 is now used to intimidate and harrass Gls. It violates the Constitution of the UnitedStates by denying Gls due process of law. It is used in a racist way against Third World Gls. It givescompany commanders absolute power to punish EM under their command who they donTt like.A democratically-elected board would change the present system of intimidation andKnow Your Rights And Learn How To Fight Non-Judicial PunishmentStop The Railroad_Fight(Taken from oTurning The Regs Around,�T a book on your legal rights and how to use them]Article 15 punishments are not to be carried out untilafter an appeal has been decided upon. Previously, thepunishment was carried out immediately, and a personprobably would have paid his fine and served his timebefore an appeal decision came down. Under the newrules, you can appeal any sentence given you underArticle 15 no matter what it is. This is especiallyadvisable if you feel that any part of the proceedings orsentence was unfair.You must receive ~~adequate legal advice� beforeaction can be taken by your commander. It is not clearyet whether this means that they have to provide youwith a lawyer for advice at your hearing. But you shouldalways ask for legal help, and if you donTt get it,mention that fact in your appeal.You must have the chance to make a full presentationof your case in front of your CO oincluding but notlimited to the right to call witnesses, present evidenceand to be accompanied by a person to speak in yourbehalf.� This gives you an opportunity to make a wholecase for yourself both in challenging the specific chargesand in showing harrassment, discrimination, etc. Also itprobably allows you to have a friend, counselor oranyone else speak for you even if they arenTt lawyers.Article 15 proceedings will be open to the publicexcept when security or ~~military exigenciesT forbidpublicity. Bring your friends! This can be a great way toeducate people about the true nature of militaryinjustice. A lot of people interested in what happens toyou can have an effect on your COTs decisions. Ourstrength is in our unity and numbers.Finally, they must advise you of your right to appealnonjudicial punishment.How To AppealAn appeal has to be filed within 15 days after yousign the Article 15. You have the right to talk to alawyer or legal officer to get help writing it. This appealgoes to the next superior authority through the legaloffice.Remember, they canTt give a worse punishment justbecause someone appeals it.Once you have accepted an Article 15, you will getsome kind of punishment from your CO. With that inmind, you should do everything psosible that helps yourcase. If you use these regs you can improve your chancesand force the military to make an effort to appear fair.If you accept Article 15 punishment, it will be onyour military records but not on any civilian records.Nonjudicial punishment has no legal standing outside themilitary.Fighting Article 15sAs of May 1973, groups of Gls at several bases werecirculating this petition. Its purpose is to take away fromthe brass one weapon they use to intimidate people intosubmission.

aryWashington, D.C. (May 24) " Eight anti-war POWs havebeen charged by a senior POW with refusal of orders,collaboration with their Vietnamese captors, acceptanceceof ~~privileges,� and making anti-war broadcasts andstatements. The Gls who have been. charged are allenlisted men " three Marines and five Army. Two areblack, and one is Chicano. These eight are supposed tohave been part of the ~Peace Committee� whileconfined at the ~Plantation,T a prison camp in theDemocratic Republic of Vietnam (what we call ~~NorthVietnam�). The ranking officer in the camp, an AirForce Colonel named Theodore Guy, is the one who ispressing the charges.If the Dept. of Defense had its way, Col. Guy wouldnever have been able to press charges. As far back asJanuary, the DoD said that no POW would be punishedfor having made anti-war statements while in prison.After all, the DoD got what it wanted from the POWreturn: all that oGod bless America, and God bless ourPresident� stuff was just what Nixon needed to mask thefact that he got his ass kicked in Indochina.What the DoD doesnTt need is a series ofcourt-martials which would show that many POWs haddeserted to get out of combat; that some had defectedbecause of their opposition to the war; that theiranti-war statements reflected their real feelings about thewar, and were not a play for privileges; and that theAmerican POWs held by the Vietnamese in the northand the south were treated ten times better than thesoldiers of the National Liberation Front (the so-calledoVietcong�T) held by ThieuTs prisons in south Vietnam.Court-martials would also encourage more anti-warPOWs to speak their mind. Up till now theyTve beenencouraged by threat of court-martial to make no publicstatements. Once court-martials begin, the Pentagonwould have no more threats left to make.ENLISTED POWs SPEAK UPSome anti-war POWs have already spoken up. Sp/4Richard Springman of Cottonwood, Arizona, got off theplane wearing beads and a large peace symbol. When hewas restrained by MPs for talking to the crowd at theairport, he smiled and gave the-crowd a clenched fistsalute. SpringmanTs grandmother, Mrs. Carroll Dagget,said in an interview, ~~He served his eleven months untilhe became so sick of the bloodletting, and the stuff heSaw and the things that were going on that it turned himsick unto death and he couldnTt go on with it.� She alsosaid the Springman had told his parents that hepurposely gave himself up to the National LiberationFront during the Cambodian invasion because he was~tired of killing, sick of it.TTSp/6 John Sparks, of Chattanooga, Tennessee, was at{Taken from the Santa Barbara News & Review, thisis a description of the release of National LiberationFront and ~~North VietnameseT? POWs]oUnlike their American counterparts, these POWswere in shockingly poor physical condition. Wrappedin bandages, almost every figure missing limbs, theyhobbled on crutches and carrying each other, yettook the time and effort to pull off their clothes theircaptors had given them. As these men were, for themost part, quite recently captured, one could onlyspeculate on the fate of the long-term inhabitants ofthe oTiger Cages.TT Although they seemed pitifullyweak and on the verge of collapse, when the groupreached a border checkpoint marked by the flag ofthe Thieu government, they stormed the flagpole andtore down the flag. Then, as the cameras whirred, thePOWs stripped away their bandages, forced open thewounds, and used their own blood to spell out:oVietnam is one country!TT This was the new flagthey left behind them.�o| no longer want to fight foryou or anyone like you. In fact,| won't ever fight for your kindof American people. ... 1 cannotsupport the killing of innocentVietnamese men, women, andchildren, or the destruction oftheir beautiful country.�T[Army Special Forces SSgt. JohnA. Young, of Waukegan, IIlinois]the ~~Plantation�T prison camp, and knew members of theoPeace Committee.� He was quoted by the WashingtonPost Service as saying that, ~~It was at a time when therewas a lot of bombing going on and. some of the mendisagreed with the way the war was being conduted.TT Hewent on to say that he felt their actions were based ondisenchantment with the war, not a self-serving play forprivileges.Sp/4 Michael. Branch, of Highland Heights, Kentucky,told the Associated Press that, ~~When the war wascoming to an end, and this is my own opinion, ColonelGuy and the other officers started making a show oforder.TT Staff Sergeant James A. Daly, Jr., said thatColonel Guy filed his charges to cover his own ass.Nobody in the prison camp received packages fromhome unless they did something for the Vietnamese, saidDaly, and nobody in the camp received packages fromhome except Colonel Guy.ANTI-WAR OFFICERSEven though Col. Guy filed charges against the eightenlisted men, no charges have been filed against thoseofficers who made anti-war statements. At least a dozenofficers made anti-war statements while held prisonersby the Vietnamese. Three defended their statementsafter their return.Navy Capt. Walter E. Wilbur, in anti-war boradcastsover Radio Hanoi, said, ~~l was always for peace. | felt ifwe were going to wind it down, why donTt we stop itnow?� When asked on his return as to why he madethese statements, Capt. Wilbur said he was trying toinform the American people about the war.Air Force Capt. Lynn Guenther also made anti-warappeals on Radio Hanoi. He defended those statementsGung-Ho Colonel Charges Eight Enlisted POWs With Collaborationwhen he returned to the states. oYou know as well as |do, we allow free speech in this country. ... | have myown personal views on the war.TT When asked what hethought of the anti-war enlisted POWs, he responded,oThey took a lot of heat and stood up for what theybelieved in.TTMarine Lt. Col. Edison Miller defended his anti-warstatements to newsmen by saying, ~~l did what | knew tobe right, what my morality told me was the correct thingto do.�T ~Some officers, angered by the floor show staged byNixon and his crew, spoke out against the war whenthey returned. Air Force Major Hubert K. Flesher, afighter pilot, said after his return that the U.S. obuttedits nose into somebody elseTs business ... | donTt thinkwe really won the war at all.... It was a conflictbetween the Vietnamese people, and whether you like itor not, it should have been theirs to decide.� MajorFlesher also supported amnesty for war resisters. AndArmy Chief Warrant Officer Daniel Maslowski ofChicago told the Chicago Tribune of his reaction toradio broadcasts of anti-war demonstrations in the U.S.oFrom the broadcasts it seemed like the anti-warmovement was getting stronger and | was really happythe American people were trying to put an end to thewar. It didnTt hurt my morale at all.TTWHAT CAN WE DO?ItTs typical that the wheels of military injustice turnonly against enlisted people. These eight did what Gls doevery day. They stood up for their beliefs, and refusedto follow the orders of their commanding officer. Thefact that they are POWs may not protect them fromprosecution.Our job is to support these brothers, demand thatcharges against them be dropped with no recriminations,and demand no further charges against any anti-warPOWs. ItTs men like Col. Guy who should be chargedwith war crimes and tried by the people of Indochina.We suggest people write the eight at their homeaddresses which follow below:Sgt. Abel L. Kavanaugh7340 N. Dakin St.apt. B-308Westminster, COLSp/4 Michael Branch2302 Wilson RoadHighlands Heights, KYSSgt Robert P. Chenowethc/o Crown7227 SE Flavel StreetPortland, OR 97206SSgt King David Rayford, Jr.c/o Lovie May Rayford3547 S, FederalChicago, ILL 60609SSgt. James A. Daly, Jr.532 Madison St.Brooklyn NY 11224SSgt. Alphonso Ray Riate6075 Priory St.Bell Gardens, CA 90201Pvt. Frederick L. Elbert, Jr.471 MayflowerBrentwood, NY 11717SSgt. John A. Young302 E. BelvedereGrayslake, ILL 60030UP AGAINST THE BULKHEAD / JUNE-JULY 1973 / PAGE FIVE

WatergateIf they held a poker game every four years to settle which set of thievesget to rob the people for the following four years, that would not bemuch different than the way presidents are elected now.Of course, there has to be a gentlemenTs agreement about the rules ofthe game. What Watergate shows us is a severe case of gentlemanlydisagreement and what happens when cheats catch each other in the act.The result is more spectacular than any Hollywood extravaganza. Andwhy not? These producers are playing with a national budget of some twohundred billion a year or so.But why? Why are they at each otherTs throats right now?The sources of Watergate are deep in this sick society that we live in.People who feel that itTs not just this special problem, but one real bigsmelly mess, are right.At the surface, floating right on the top is Richard Milhouse Nixon,President of the U.S. His career is a product of our times. The rise and fal!of Tricky Dick is the scummy froth, not the tide. It does show the motionof the ocean, though, and reveals that something is happening underneath.Right now not only Democrats, but even some of NixonTs heavybackers are debating whether the Nixon government can be cleaned upand salvaged or whether it should be written off as a failure. Somepoliticians are even worried about people losing faith in the Presidencyitself as well as the two party system.Press and tv coverage and the Senate hearings give some idea of theaction. But there are still heavier crimes and charges to be exposed andunderstood. How does the lawlessness of the Nixon government exposedby Watergate relate to heavier social crimes that were presided over notjust by Nixon, but were going on under Lyndon Johnson and othersbefore him?ONGOING SOCIAL CRIMESA SUBJECT NEITHER NIXON OR HIS CRITICSWISH TO TALK ABOUTRacist and genocidal wars have been waged against Red Indians, Black Africans,Brown Filipinos, Japanese, Chinese, Koreans, Vietnamese, Arabs, Mexicans, Cubans,Puerto Ricans, and more.Now no-weapon-is..too. horrible to use in Asia. Atomic and ordinary bombs andguns and fire and napalm, and within the ghettos and reservations and resettlemen:camps of the U.S., cold and starvation and disease and humiliation, oppression ancdiscrimination and ill-treatment in prisons, courts and hospitals, and heavy drugs, clubsand tear gas on the streets.Within the U.S. there is always exploitation of poor and working people, but themost intense exploitation and oppression (and the greatest profits) comes when loot-ing the raw-materials and resources of weaker countries, and by flooding their marketswith worthless commodities and by cheap labor.There is also systematic looting of culture; our museums are full of other peopleTsart. In return, we give them Coca-Cola.There is persecuting the young for wanting something better; turning schools andthe media into a brainwash and a big lie factory for the system.There are the frame-ups and false justice coming down on the people from the samecourts that excuse and reward the powerful and the rich, the officer corps, and theracists. There are special persecutions of political opponents and protesters of courtmartials and the brig for people who acted for GI rights or against the war.There is the sexist system that degrades and oppresses and exploits women as aprime condition of the power control of the men who run things. At Watergate so farwomen have appeared only as powerless un-political shit-workers.There is militarism " using people in mercenary and impressed armies and policeand prison forces. Bribing and corrupting some to oppress and control all.Even just on wire-tapping, Watergate scratches only the surface. The governmentjealously keeps things from the people which we need to know, but it claims the rightto pry into all our private affairs " in the name of onational security, 600,000conversations have been ~o~legallyTT wire-tapped in five years, and 300,000 more wereillegally tapped on Presidential orders.WHY NOW?Dismal conditions are not really new. Why is there a crisis just now? Watergate itselfis not the crisis. It is a symptom of it. In order to put the overall crisis in perspective,we have to backtrack through history. We need to examine sixty years of defeatssuffered by NixonTs class, the defeats which made Watergate appear so spectacular.These years are made up of more than big and little wars. Our times are also full ofgreat and small resistances and revolutions and successful wars of liberation, of up-risings and rebellions of people, of oppressed Classes, sex, race, nationality. Old classesand groups and ways are losing power and new ones are gaining power. Nixon repre-sents a losing cause.PAGE SIX / UP AGAINST THE BULKHEAD / JUNE-JULY 1973erry,The Nixon-Republican elephant wire-tapped the Democrat donkey.Big campaign money was secretlyraised and spent. Offices were burgled.Phoney names and ID were used. Bribeswere offered and taken, payoffs made.Criminals were protected and witnes-ses were silenced. Evidence was concealedand destroyed.The Congress was ignored and humili-ated. Congress fiddled while the WhiteHouse broke its laws and decisions.Watergate revealed White House bur-gary in an effort to punish Ellsberg-Russo for exposing the Pentagon-WhiteHouse lies to the people about the war inup crimes,The President is charged with stupidlyclaiming to know how to run the wholecountry and the world but not seeing thecaper right under his nose.Questions are being raised about thePresident's rags to riches personal for-tune, about his real-estate deals, his mil-lionaire, Mafia, and Teamster connec-tions, and about their phoney stock andpension deals.Important figures in the CIA and theFBI and former Cabinet members aredeserting Nixon and badmouthing theopinions and the acts of their formerboss, It seems that at this moment, aboutIndochina.The President is suspected of instigat-ing illegal and dirty deeds and accused ofknowing about illegal acts and of coveringweall Nixon can count on is part of the mifi-tary Brass, Wm. Randolph Hearst chainnewspapers, and the POWs,THE 20TH CENTURYIn the 1920s, the U.S. as a victor of World War |, became one of the big financialand economic and military world powers. As such it joined 13 other countries, sendingtroops over to try to reverse the Russian Revolution of 1917 and restore the oldsystem. They failed in that.In the 1930s the U.S. had the worst economic crisis and depression ever experi-enced by an industrial nation. People began to question the system.In the '40s came World War II. The U.S. used it to expand its world power. Afterthe war it supplied and backed Chiang Kai Sheck against the Chinese Revolution. U.S.failure in this effort was followed by a big debate about why we o~lost�T China (as if itwas Ours to lose in the first place).Many other Third World revolutions and wars of liberation. Civil war in Greece, aidto Turkey, the Marshall Plan, intervention in Cuba (Bay of Pigs), supporting U.S.puppet dictator Singman Rhee in Korea, the French puppet Bao Dai, and then NgoDinh Diem in Vietnam, Moise Tshombe in the Congo, Trujillo in the DominicanRepublic.For a time in the Congo, Greece, Dominican Republic, the U.S. had some success inits efforts. Elsewhere, direct counterrevolution failed. In Korea, the U.S. suffered itsfirst major military defeat of the century.Inside the U.S., the T50s were marked by reaction, repression and witch-hunting,McCarthyism and the execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, framed as atomic spiesfor the World War II ally, the Soviet Union. Liberal and left movements were in retreatand disarray.In the T60s and early T70s, new resistance began to develop partly in response toThird World successes, the failures of the cold war to solve anything, and the declineof the ored scare.�T Black and Chicano movements for liberation when frustrated andrepressed led to riots and uprisings from Watts to Detroit. Students and youth move-ments gave support and found their own causes. The growth of intervention in Viet-nam tended to pull everything together into a militant anti-racist, anti-war, anti-empireopposition. There began to be draft resistance, desertions, a GI resistance within theArmed Forces. There were huge demonstrations and police riots. Washington, D.C.,Chicago, Berkeley, San Francisco State. Government terror at Augusta State, KentState, the murder of Fred Hampton and Mark Clark, hundreds of frame-ups and trials.After World War II, the U.S. bid openly for world leadership and control. In spiteof organizing 2000 military bases around the world and an initial nuclear monopoly,this effort failed. In part the failure was also marked by loss of clear technological andeconomic superiority. But this failure was also marked by the similar failure of Ameri-can air and naval power to make up for the weakness of unmotivated soldiers whenfighting against men and women from ~~smaller, weakerTT countries with a just cause.

The Rise&3Fall ofTricky DickTHE RISENixon clawed his way into Congress; he red-baitedNew Deal Congressman Jerry Voorhees to get elected tothe House, later did the same to Helen Gahagan Douglasto make it to the US Senate.To Nixon, all his opponents were Soviet spies ordupes. o~National security� already appears as his firstand best loved racket. Once in the Congress, he workedwith Whitaker Chambers, a one-time friend of AlgerHiss, to frame Hiss as a spy by planting micro-filmeddocuments in a garden pumpkin. The oPumpkin Papers�Twere a sensational part of building up the red-scare andcold war witchhunts of the T50s. Hiss was convicted of .perjury, not spying, but the damage was done.THE. FALLOnce re-elected he backs out of Vietnam truce andhorrifies the world with one of the most criminal actsever " the December 1972 bombing of northern andsouthern Vietnam.There is international revulsion against his terrorbombings. Sweden, West Germany, the Pope, Australia,and much of the socialist world all protest. The allieshave pulled out of Vietnam. Never was the U.S. so iso-lated.The air offensive flops, the National Liberation Front(oVietcongTT) do not collapse. Nixon makes an uneasyand grudging peace. But Nixon goes right on bombing inCambodia dn denouncing the Vietnamese and denyingresponsibility for Watergate.He calls for re-instating the death penalty, for deathto saboteurs, more power, total. power for himself andhis cronies. He sees himself not simply as Commander inChief of the Armed Forces, but of everybody.As Malcolm X once said, the chickens do come hometo roost. The MyLaiTs, the invasions of Laos and Cam-bodia, and their failure, the growth of disunity and dis-sension spreading to all sections of the population, refu-sal of the government to respond to peopleTs needs andthings like the assassination of John and RobertKennedy and Martin Luther King all go to show that thisCrisis is not just at the surface and it wonTt be solved byputting a few underlings in jail.It seems clear already that Nixon has over-reachedhimself. His grab for total personal power and rule bythe Nixon gang is not going to come off. There are somesuch as Hearst, with his newspapers who are still tryingto save Nixon. Many former supporters are nowconcerned that Nixon just canTt make it.At this moment the most popular position withtraditional democrats and republicans is that Nixon isdamaged but not the Presidency. The Democrats wantmostly to see Nixon crippled but not removed. They usethe excuse that they donTt like Agnew, but what theyreally donTt want is for the probing and exposure to godeeper, to the underlying crisis, which involves bothparties and the entire system. For on the issues of powerand control they are much like Nixon, they want powertoo, but they want it more widely held. They fear thatopenly crude and bloody exercise of personal power istoo visible, too vulnerable.Nixon will be removed only if the people force it.And if his removal seems unavoidable, there will be aneffort to substitute some other reactionary hero. AgnewdoesnTt quite fit. Their trouble is after all this heavygoing, they are very short of heroes.For people, heroes are not the problem. The problemis to get through all the flack to ask the right questionsso there is a chance to find some real answers. Changesare going to happen " but people have to do their ownpushing. No one with their investments in the sameplaces as Richard M. Nixon is going to do any real favorsfor the rest of us.News...Gl MOVEMENT SHOOTS DOWN ARTICLE 134Washington, D.C. (May) " Article 134, the catch-all pro-vision of the UCM], was ruled unconstitutional by theU.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. This article is the onewhich covers ~~disorders and neglects to the prejudice ofgood order and disciplineT and ~~conduct of a nature tobring discredit.T This civilian court decision applied toall branches of the service, and was put into action onthe spot.The court ruling wiped out Article 134 because it wastoo broad. It was used to prosecute people for anythingfrom passing bad checks to making ~disloyalT state-ments. The only reason the court made this ruling wasbecause four different enlisted people fought for years inthe courts to have their convictions for violating Article134 overturned. Howard Levy, Ken Stolte, Don Amick,and Mark Avrech were all busted for GI movement acti-vities. Levy, a doctor, refused to train Green Beretmedics, and spoke publicly about this refusal. Stolte andAmick distributed leaflets at Fort Ord to other traineesabout the Vietnam war. And Mark Avrech was bustedfor ~~attempting to publish a statement disloyal to theUnited StatesTT while a Marine stationed at Da Nang in1969. All four have already served time. But becausethey continued to fight to have their convictions over-turned, no more Gls should have to go to trial for viola-ting Article 134. (Source: Travisty and Camp News).DESERTERS NO LONGER WELCOMEIN SWEDEN OR CANADAUSA (Winter-Spring) " If youTre planning to leave yourchains behind and head for greener pastures in anothercountry, read this first. American military deserters canno longer expect automatic asylum in Sweden. KjellOeberg, general director of the Swedish ImmigrantBoard, announced that ~o~Sweden has no reason to acceptdeserters now that the Vietnam war is over. .. .�� Oebergapparently hasnTt read the newspapers or talked to anyof the enlisted people applying for entry. SwedenTs newpolicy is that deserters now in Sweden can stay, but newdeserters will be stopped at the border and turned overto MPs.This move follows a Canadian immigration authoritypolicy change last November which said that no personcan apply for legal landed immigrant status from withinCanada or at its border stations. Since Gls can hardly beexpected to write ahead for reservations, this moveblocks what has been a legal way of leaving the militaryfor tens of thousands of Gls and their families. If youhave questions about these changes in Sweden, write to:oUp From Exile,� Birger Jarlsgatan 27, 3 tr., 11445Stockholm. For information about ~the Canadianchanges, write to: ~oAmex,TT P.O. Box 187, Station D.,Toronto, Ontario M6P 3]8.Subscribe!rank and namemilitary numbermilitary address/unit"_"branch of service release date4| am a captive of the US Armed Forcesand want to gei this free.[ ] | will distribute Bulkheads on bese.Send me (5) (10) (25) (50) (100)HereTs the name and address of a friend in theservice who ought io be getting this paper:Chenoweth...Continued from covercould have meant 30 years in jail.After the court-martial started getting a lot of publi-city in newspapers across the country the Navy decidedto move the trial to the Philippines. It was the first timein anyoneTs memory that the prosecution had requesteda change of venue. Had they succeeded, it would havegiven the military a precedent for sending any contro-versial trial to one of its strongholds in another area ofthe world. The military and federal courts agreed withthe Navy that the trial could be moved. But luckily, allthe appeals and motions took several months and themilitary judge was hospitalized for chronic alcoholismand retired. By the time a new judge was selected theRanger was already on its way back from Asia and theNavyTs official reason for transferring the trial (to becloser to witnesses on the Ranger) was no longer valid.Both the Navy and federal courts denied Pat his rightto release from pre-trial confinement. Because of this, aninnocent man spent ten months behind bars.THE NAVYTS PROBLEMWhy was the Navy so anxious to make an exampleout of Pat Chenoweth? It should be rembered that inJuly, 1972, the U.S. was engaged in another all-outattempt to save the government of Thieu in Vietnam.With most U.S. ground troops out of Vietnam andThieuTs own army demoralized and defeated, the Nixonadministration escalated its savage bombing of Indochinato unprecedented levels. The Navy was anxious to sendthe Ranger for the attack. They couldnTt afford moreships out of action because of ~~discipline problems.�TRESISTANCEWhile ther were dozens of law students, lawyers, andothers who worked hard to free Pat, the people mostresponsible for the victory were the Gls who withstoodthe brassT attempts to force them to fabricate evidenceagainst Pat. Testimony in court from people on theRanger and at Treasure Island brig documented thatNaval Intelligence and brig personnel had threatened andbribed over a dozen people to turn against Pat. Fivepeople in the brig told Pat that they had been offeredreductions in sentence (one was even told heTd get amedal) if they would get a confession from Pat.In his victory statement Pat said, ~~First, | would liketo thank the people aboard the Ranger and in the brigwho did not knuckle under to the NavyTs attempts atintimidation. | know that the pressures they faced weretremendous and that it took great courage to overcomethem.�He said, Today | feel we have won a great victoryagainst the most dehumanizing machine in the world. Ata time in history when the United States military is themajor genocidal force around the globe, it is particularlygratifying not only to be free, but to have beaten theNavy in its attempt to frame me.Unfortunately military prisons are still brimming withpeople imprisoned unjustly, with flimsy evidence againstthem and little access to lawyers and others to work intheir behalf. And their numbers will probably grow"because armies involved in fighting racist and imperialistwars will, by their nature, have to continue repressingtheir members.To my brothers and sisters in AmericaTs jails aroundthe world I say. .. keep struggling. . . soon we shall all befree.Power to the People.TURNING THEREGS AROUNDMilitary Law asa Tool For OrganizingAvailable for one dollar from: P.O. Box 40614Station CSan Francisco, CA 9411098 Chenery Street, SF, CA 94]3] fUP AGAINST THE BULKHEAD / JUNE-JULY 1973 / PAGE SEVEN

hz) Ww 12 ecopy w ple eestiUNITED FRON PRESS:C4043"The people who run this country have one cold lesson from Vietnam staring them inthe face: You can't fight a war a Latin an army." --from the Introduction,g yee eR a pe eR re ON ca tee Le aGl resistance was one of the major forces behind the withdrawal of U.S, ground forcesfrom Vietnam, GI Revolts contains two eyewitness accounts of resistance to the war andthe Army. One is about a Black medic, fed up with racial harrassment, who shot his topsergeant.The second Is about the mutiny of a company of infantrymen near the Cambodian borderin 1971. The revolt was triggered when 15 men were ordered out on a suicidal night patrolagainst regiment sized NLF~NVA forces, War reporter Richard Boyle was on hand to slipout an anti-war petition and a tape recording from Pace,The pamphlet's conclusion analyses stateside Gi resistance, the recent rebellions in theNavy, and the frapact of GI revolts on the Vietnam war and future U,S, intervention abroad,Order from:The Breakdown of the : :UNITED FRONT PRESSU.S. Army in Vietnam P.O. Box 40099San Francisco, CA 9414040¢ eachBULK RATES20% off on 10 or more copies40% off on 50 or more copiesBy Richard BoyleAlso available from United Front Pressa ree ee RS ce a re RC et AR. cea aa mmmarseeINTERNATIONAL RUNAWAY SHOP: Why U.S. Companies DETROIT TO DURBAN: The Big Three Auto Companies inAre Moving Their Plants Abroad, by Mitch Zimmerman and South Africa, by the Black Workers Organizing Committeethe United Front Press staff 40¢ 25:WAGE By ROLS AND HOW TO FIGHT ~EM, by th

Six On and Six Off, Plus Watches, Makes Even Chief Go UAFree Duluth[Thanks to oUp From The Bottom� for this story]San Diego (June) " Sailors on the USS Duluth havestarted a campaign to expose conditions on the ship, andto keep it from sailing until the ship is made safe for itscrew.Conditions on the ship are so bad that even a Chiefwent UA, and men have been sent TAD from other shipsto get the Duluth ready for its next WESPAC cruise,now scheduled for early June.Several months ago, the Duluth got a new Captain,one of the most decorated Captains around. Evidently,he want the crew to boost his reputation another notch" all the way to Admiral.Capt. Hill is responsible for the crewTs extra load ofharassment and overwork. HeTs decided that the crewhad to work six hours on and then six hours off, stand-ing general quarters when they were off, so theycouldnTt get much sleep, even when they werenTt work-ing.AMPHETAMINESThis all work and no sleep policy led a lot of guys intospeed, just so they could stay awake when they wereworking. The command has been using urine tests todeal with this ~~drug abuse.�TOne guy was ordered to do a lot of work in a shortperiod of time. His division officer knew he was eatingspeed to stay awake the extra hours it took to do thework. After the job was over, the division officer hadhim busted for speed!A lot of guys were recently transferred off the ship,leaving a lot of inexperienced guys in their places. Thework load and harassment have made things worse forthem.LEADERSHIPIf all this wasnTt enough, the officers on the ship haveshown their own incompetence. For example, theDuluth hit a sailboat coming into the harbor andknocked its mast off! In a real crisis decision, a juniorofficer managed to foul up the boilers with salt water.This kind of leadership by the command has led someof the Chiefs, who were observers for refresher training,to say that even they were afraid to sail with the ship.POOR REPAIRSEquipment on the ship is in bad shape. The crew ofthe Duluth put in a lot of extra hours during its yardperiod, but it was all under pressure to get out of theyards on time. Since it was the first ship to get out ofthe yard on time in two years, that may look good onthe CaptainTs record. But it means that the ship was notadequately repaired. With an inexperienced crew andincompetent officers, more and more of the faultyequipment is failing.So much has been going wrong with equipment thatthereTs been a lot of talk of sabotage aboard the Duluth.It seems that the command wonTt admit to any mistakesof its own so theyTre looking around the ship for sabo-teurs. TheyTve even had new locks installed in the engineroom compartments.The CaptainTs low opinion of people other than him-self comes out in other ways. ThereTs a Navy regulation1121.1 that requires contaminated oil to be dumped 50miles off shore. The Duluth dumped part of a 17,000gallon tank of contaminated oil while at the pier at 32ndStreet. One guy was told to pour some soap overboard,and turn a hose on it, to cut the oil. Finally, when all thewater around the ship turned black, they stopped dump-ing the oil.FIGHTING BACKAll these things piled up on each other, and men onthe Duluth decided to fight back.When a Chief went UA, one guy was harassed becauseit was said that he knew where the Chief was. So twentyother guys in the division signed a petition saying they'dall seen the UA Chief while he was gone.At the end of April, a newspaper appeared on the shipcalled the oFree Duluth.� The paper points out what'shappening on the ship, and shows some ways to fightback against the conditions that exist on the ship.A bulletin as we go to press tells us that right after thesecond issue of the oFree Duluth� came out, the shiphad a change of command. The new captain immediatelypromised to correct the poor conditions on board. Healso promised to deal with all grievances within 24hours. But he also promised to bust anyone caught dis-tributing the ~Free Duluth.T�T Some crewmen thoughtthis new captain was an ally, while other thought hesmelled fishy. The argument was resolved when the moreactive crewmen in the movement were either discharged,or put on restriction pending CaptainTs Masts or sum-maries. But as soon as one set of guys were ripped off,another group went to the Center for ServicemenTsRights to talk about ways to continue the movement.The Duluth sailed June 4 on its WESPAC cruise, withthe movement still growing.