rat skiet VP ht ere yg PNP Ae fe f ‘4 me FW PT Re HOHE Ae as it ’ RAR RA To Pot ‘ Bt + oi ae gg am . ie micas Bea in wa wah hh: HW peak! Ae et ee a LA BHD YO bey ee) ” ‘ ea i ee y Whi He Dt We te eee » ee eee ee aad . m + i 0 Ce AA rie yA AALS FBP We he hep ty , weep my : sri Oy eee wee a ly Wee wn ee oh ha ae 9 Be, J ee HE OD 9 Wie Mel Whe Be ee eS ae wr rre WAY WAT a ae ee Oi pap a 4, ; DP dew ¥ a ne eer ine Ta RET TO a ANE ne TP VR TT NT TTR ie sev ee —I — i f f } & eves ep NESTON i EY BOAT FTE ITC HS OM PEE } | They Passed This “Way A PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF HARNETT COUNTY HISTORY BY MALCOLM FOWLER COPYRIGHT 1955 bin CENTENNIAL EDITION PUBLISHED BY HARNETT COUNTY CENTENNIAL, INC. ARAN oppeaoen sepngieseree pot re neeg sence ener gens Ss All rights reserved by the author. The author makes acknowledgement to B. G. Thomas for valuable suggestions and his assistance in indexing the book. 96894 ae temnsseanice eto chest yaitery " Seacrest eed eee eect? Chapter I Il IV VI VII VII Ix XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII rece ertestril . TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface __ 2 Vv Oxigingotathe Scots samme mea ncieeie ae cena eases CE IndianssinGHarnette2@ Mitek aa eee 5 The Legion of Restless Men. gba eEA The Permanent Settlers ___ Se Ee eae ene aera eA: 51D Harnett County in the Revolution. __ ie Pept ean A. Flora Macdonald and Jennie Bahn McNeill 36 Ollel Awwermenorg Joel eth ey A Formation of Harnett County ae siee oy uicer pe _ Bl Red Hills of Buckhorn. s 64 Harnett County in the War Between the States —ss-73 The Battle of Averasboro.. — 95 Harnett County Churches i 101 Harnett County Schools sie x melalui The Negro in Harnett COUN by te ee Sina Jie Aaa 119 Harnett County Lawyers. 125 Harnett County Doctors 18355 Authors, Poets and Papers. 143 Agriculture, Industry and Transportation. 153 Bibliography a Bees ADDON CLK. Ht EG SUN CGE ena 159 Text Co PR a 160 PREFACE This is not a definitive history of Harnett County. That re- mains to be written. : I have tried to make this a readable, narrative story of the men and women who made Harnett County what it is today by PASSING THIS WAY. j Lore and legend, admittedly have been given a rightful place; a wealth of material has been drawn from conversations with the living and with those who since have pees oa pane is more—a lifetime of love for Harne ounty, ene ante ae exhaustive search of land grants, deeds, personal papers, graveyards; scrutiny of library collections dealing vi people, events or places in this county; countless steps in which I have retraced many of the paths of those who have PASSED THIS WAY. : In its writing, I have had help from a lot of mighty fine folks. i { a1 - two lovely Particularly, do I want to give heart-felt thanks to ladies of caer Miss Jessie Smith and Miss Flora McQueen. Out of the greatness of their hearts, they took time to instill in a little country boy a love for history that has resulted in this book. me others I would like to thank in person for that Ronee Johnson, Bryant Allen Morgan, Sandy Colville, to name a few, but they long ago Passed This Way. I would like to offer them my humble apologies for thinking what they told me was 90% fiction, coupled with 10% fact. But they were such wonderfully fascinating stories to a little boy! Actually, the above figures should be reversed in the Benno pene egal i rly, do I wish to mention others for their help in pre- Ree crcrnerh for publication: Mrs. Inez Rutland, Mrs. Gertrude Atkins, Mrs. Allen Shaw, L. M. McDonald, James Spence, Senator Robert Morgan, Lois Byrd, L. M. Chaffin, Mrs. Viola Thornton, Bill Eaton and all the long suffering courthouse officials of Cumberland and Harnett Counties. ico =< aphy, I wish to single out Duane Amburn, o icia Baraat ie Centennial, Melvin Turlington of Lillington, and Alex McArtan of Linden, who traces his roots back to ~ Harnett. c helped in any . In short, to all the good folks everywhere who manner in the production of this book, a tip of the hat, a hearty thank you and long may your chimneys smoke. MALCOLM FOWLER i AO NO BEV TAN A OI AS ETT CHAPTER I ORIGIN OF THE SCOTS “A man is never lost on a road if he knows how he got there,” in the words spoken by Gum Swamp Edward Cameron. Then, let us who trace our ancestry back to Scotland see how we got on this road in the first place. The story begins some 12,000 years ago in a country some 12,000 miles away, the Ob River area of Central Siberia. Now the Russians can claim another first, the birthplace of the Scot- tish race. This they can do legitimately. The dawn light of history reveals in dim outline these pre- Scots. They were eaters of meat and lived by hunting. Like our own Indians of a later day, they tended to be nomadic, following the game and pasturage. So their hunting areas might not be over-drained of wild life they necessarily had to act in small bodies. Thus was born the clan system. Their basic strain was Celtic, meaning “a kilt wearer.” The name probably evolved from the time they learned to hang the skins of slain animals over their own hairy hides. The language they developed was one of the oldest basic types. - All the primeval tongues are characterized by tortuous and dif- ficult syntax, utterly lacking in the simple forms of exposition. Theirs was no exception. Over thousands of years, climatic changes drove these Celts or kilt wearers and their herds southward into India, then west- ward into Persia. Out of the jungles of India they brought their herds and something else: chickens, whose eggs they had learned to eat. This chicken, or crowing cock, was to become the national symbol of France after the Celts had passed that way. This stream of Celts poured into Asia Minor and even into Greece. So numerous were they in one part of Asia Minor the Greeks called the land “Galatia,” meaning “The Country of the Strangers,” this name “Stranger” being the Celtic word “Gall”. “Gall” in turn gave the name “Gael” to these kilt-wearing hunters seeking game and pasturage. Since their shields were brownish in color they became known as the Don Galls or the Brown Strangers. “Donn” was their word for “Brown.” During the time they were in the area between the Black and Caspian Seas they came in contact with the Semites. Again there was an interchange of language terms. An example was the Hebrew word “ar”, meaning “west”, with the earmarks of Celtic origin in the dim past. We find it in Aral, Aryan, Armenia, wont Te enc ne = 2 THEY PASSED THIS WAY and other geographical words indicating a westward point of some sort. This “ar” prefix was to survive for hundreds of years in the wanderings of these Celts: Armorica, an Atlantic coastal zone of Gaul where even the famed Roman legions dared not enter; Ar-iun (Erin) : West Island for Ireland; Arran at the mouth of the Clyde and Aran off the west coast of Ireland. The contact with the Semites was probably the first introduc- tion to civilization of these ancient Celts. This contact likely accounts for so many traditions in Scotland which have a Biblical background, such as the stories about Noah inviting the head of the McNeill clan to share the Ark with him during the Flood and the one about another clansman marrying Scota, a daughter of an Egyptian pharaoh, thus giving the name Scotland to that country—not to mention the Stone of Scone, said to be the rock Jacob used as a pillow when he had his dream. In the transition from the Stone Age to the Iron Age these Celts—always savage fighters—were so impressed with their newly developed iron weapons they regarded the metal with a respect akin to reverence. It was perfectly natural for them to take to eating iron oxide in the belief it would make them stronger and better fighters. It did too. It also provided many of them with something else, red hair. Only recently has it been discovered that red hair pigment is a rare chemical compound of iron and other complex substances. Chromosomes and genes developed among these iron oxide eaters who had a capacity to utilize a quota of iron over that normally required. Thus a typed red-haired group became an hereditary element in the Celtic generations. Time passed and these Donn Galls or these Brown Strangers were on the prowl again. They flowed around the Black Sea until they came to a great muddy river which they called the “Donn- ob”, the Brown River. That was hundreds of years before it received the Latin name “Danubis”, our Danube of today. Up this river they moved in successive waves. But they left behind them evidence of their stay: names of places, and in Greece, the kilt. Even today the finest fighters of Greece are the Evzones, kilt wearers. It was probably during their stay in this region the Celts developed the bag pipe—and there are many people today who fervently wish they had left it there. But re- gardless of what the average person thinks of bagpipe music, it cannot be denied that under its influence the Highlanders have performed prodigious deeds of valor on many a bloody battle- field. In their ascent of the Danube—which the historian Michelot says took place about 1800 B. C.—these Celts or Donn Galls be- ORIGIN OF THE SCOTS came adept at handling boats. And when they had poured over what is now France and reached the Atlantic, it was a small mat- ter for them to build boats to ferry them over to England and Treland. : ’ These Brown Galls or Donn Galls sailed their crude ships past Land’s End to consolidate themselves in the northwest area of Pee many years later they were followed by another Gallic tide—the Alaisdairs—or followers of Alexander. Their ances- tors may have seen forced or voluntary service in the armies of Alexander of Macedon. Anyway, they were better fighters than the Donn Galls for they forced them out of their country and drove them west to the Atlantic shores. The Alexanders named their conquered territory for them- selves, Alaisdair. It is called Ulster now. Over in western Ire- land the Donn Galls, busy licking their wounds and plotting for revenge, also named their new country for themselves. Today it is known as Donegal. ; 5 About 495 A. D., Fergus Mor, “Big Fergus,” of the Alaisdairs conquered Islay, Jura and great areas of Argyle and Kintyre. Naturally, this drained off much of the population of Ulster in order to settle the newly conquered lands. 5 Over in Donegal, Angus, the chief of the Brown Galls, saw his opportunity and seized it. About 550 A. D., Angus reconquered Ulster, crossed to Islay and battled the sons of Big Fergus, ig Fe having died many years before. ae oer aa roe Islay but turned north to land in Ardna- murchan. In the next five years he conquered great areas of the Highland country which was populated by other Celts and also by a strange race of people who painted their bodies green and called themselves Picts. Angus brought with him from Donegal a son or brother, Aogha (Hugh) and another son named Culam-Bahn (Blond Colin). It was this Blond Colin who established the holy island or the Church in Iona. Sean ihe ninth century the Norse Vikings invaded Scot- land and battled them for nearly a hundred years off and on. Since they couldn’t conquer them, they joined them. Thus there came about an amalgamation of these Norsemen with the Picts, Celts and Gaelic Highlanders, thus developing a race of great hardihood with many fine qualities. ; : With the consolidation of the clans into one great kingdom under Kenneth McAlphin, coupled with the fact that they had upparentfly come to land’s end, it seemed that now the wander- ing kilt wearers could settle down permanently. 4 THEY PASSED THIS WAY This was not to be. Over in Spain, a footloose crackpot named Christopher Columbus, contended the earth was round. Even- tually he proved it by discovering the New World. And the Highlanders were on the prowl again! Thus it is not strange to find them swarming over to this New World, even into Harnett County. And in God’s own time when Man shall have conquered the secrets of space travel and the first ship blasts off for the moon, most of its crew will be of Scottish descent! CHAPTER II INDIANS IN HARNETT In the beginning was the land. A land of rolling hills and fertile bottoms covered with forests of long leaf pine for the most part. There were also mighty oaks, tall poplars, massive elms, beeches and walnut trees. White boled sycamores were outlined against the green of the other trees. Threugh this great forest ran scores of streams, emptying their waters into a great river which snaked its tawny way from northwest to southeast across the county. It was a beautiful land. In the shade of the enveloping treetops herds of deer and occasional buffalo grazed. This kept down the undergrowth so that a man riding freely on horseback could see as far as two hundred yards in all directions. There were other animals. Wolf and beaver predominated but there was plenty of muskrat, raccoon, ’possum, bear, rabbit, squirrel and wildcat. In the trees, birds of many kinds sang, twittered or remained silent, according to their nature. At certain times the sky would be darkened by migrating clouds of passenger pigeons, ducks and geese. There were also Indians. ; They had made and marked trails through this country— mostly along the routes of grazing animals which they hunted for food and raiment. They were here when the Legion of Restless Men and the fol- lowing horde of permanent settlers came along those same paths and up the muddy Cape Fear. First mention of them occurs in a patent for 320 acres of land issued to Peter Parker, Jr., in 1746. The beginning corner was on the, “southside of a Great Creek at a place where the Indians lately felled a bear tree.” That must have been a wondrous sight! A frightened bear clinging desperately to the trunk while the Indians hacked en- thusiastically at it with their stone axes. The Great Creek is now Parker’s Creek which empties into the Cape Fear just below the Chatham-Harnett line. Other early land grants in the same area call for corners, “at a pile of stones supposed to be Indian graves.” As a matter of fact, there were Indians in that vicinity as late as the time of the War Between the States. From what pitiful i : Sane ee Se = = a Sr ee ee 6 THEY PASSED THIS WAY little we know about them, we suppose they were members of the Tuscarora nation. When little John Colvin established his iron furnace there in 1861 or ’62, the Indians named it Ock-noc, a Tuscarora word roughly meaning, “rock pot.” They probably stood around bug- eyed when he took the rocks they had previously used in painting hideous designs in red and yellow on their hides and converted them to iron billets. In 1774, John Ray patented 100 acres, “joining John McLean on Upper Little River known by the name of the Indian Graves land.” Ray and McLean later had considerable litigation over this patent. These particular graves were once a mound, roughly circular with a diameter of about forty feet and as high as a man’s head. Cultivation over a period of 180 years has reduced the mound to a mere rise in the surrounding terrain. It is located near the mouth of Indian Branch some five miles from Lillington. From the size of the mound and the prevalence of Indian artifacts in the area, it was evidently used by the Indians as a town site over a period of many years. Over in eastern Harnett on the plateau between Juniper Creek and Stewart’s Creek another Indian settlement was located. Very little is known about this location, or the Indians for that matter. On the upper side of Neill’s Creek, on property now owned by the Spence family, another Indian village was located. Highway 15A cuts right through the center of its burial mound. There are other sites of Indian villages in Harnett Coun- ty. The best known is in western Harnett, four miles beyond Cameron Hill on the road leading to Cameron. It is a burial mound, but it does not mark the location of an Indian village. Rather, it designates the spot where over a hundred Indians from Drowning Creek were slain the Day the Birds Quit Singing. The massacre probably occurred a few years prior to the com- ing of the first white settlers for they became familiar with the story of what happened on that day. Down the vears has come the interesting tale of the hunting party of Drowning Creek war- riors striding along parallel with a huckleberry bog which mark- ed the head of one of the prongs of Cypress Creek. The Indians who lived along the Cape Fear and its tributaries in Harnett had warned these Drowning Creekers to stay out of that particular area—it was their hunting ground. Ordinarily, the Indians from Drowning Creek would have heed- ed the warning. But in this year a drouth had dried up their country. Food was scarce, for the deer had moved away to bet- ter grazing grounds. Anyway, the deer meat from the Sandhills had a better flavor. Besides, the squaws found the hides of the -] INDIANS IN HARNETT ill deer chewed better when they went to making them se ae and wearing apparel. Too, the hunting party counted over a hundred braves. What enemy would dare attack 2 EE oa pie there was one warrior in the party who was definitely uneasy. As he walked along the edge of the bog he tried to solve the problem of his fears. Something was wrong, he told the chief, but that worthy merely patted his tomahawk t him. sty eee eae of the column neared the tip of the bog, he essayed another warning to the chief. The next time a hunting party went out, the chief told him, he wouldn’t be with it. He would be back in the lodges with the women and the old men and boys. Thus rebuffed again, the uneasy warrior dropped back into line and renewed his watch on the dense undergrowth of the bog. Then the answer to the riddle came to him. The birds in the bog were silent—silent because they were afraid of something oe shouted. ‘“There are no birds singing! Run!” But his warning came too late. A cloud of arrows hissed ao the bog, felling dozens of the hunting party. Then the See oie Indians sprang from their perfect concealment in the bog. ee war whoops sounded and ene rose and fell as they Y ir dreadful butchery. saree EO ae hunters escaped to carry the tale of the disaster to Drowning Creek. And there was sorrow in the lodges as the women raised their drawn faces to the sky and wailed mournfully for their men whose aes lay mouldering in a cir- i ndhill country. ape emer ee from Chapel Hill made a partial exca- vation at one edge of the mound. Their findings indicated the slain warriors had been dragged from where they fell and dumped in groups. In one section about three cubic feet in area, thirteen skulls were found. One of these had the back end bashed in. Inside was the broken blade of the tomahawk that killed the brave. He was probably running when struck down from be- hind. That was the only weapon discovered in the small area they explored, the victors probably taking the others as loot. : The red men moved from Harnett as the white men moved in: There is no recorded instance of trouble between the two races in this area. As far as the Indians were concerned the white man brought two powerful allies with him: a whiskey bottle and small pox. He didn’t need to use gun or knife when he had these eo eee Indians moved or died, save for one small tribe in Buckhorn. They, too, in time left and today Harnett has bial 8 THEY PASsED THIS WAY no Indians save a small settlement in the lower end of the county around the Black River. They are members of that mysterious race called the Croatans in Harnett and Robeson, Malungeons in South Carolina and Red- bones in Tennessee. Dozens of theories have been proposed as to their origin, none of them satisfactory, save to the author. Back in the early part of this century, Hannibal L. Godwin, Harnett’s only representative to the United States Congress, was engaged in a hot political race to retain his congressional seat. He campaigned among the Croatans and promised to introduce a bill in Congress declaring them members of the Cherokee race if they would vote for him. Godwin won the election but failed to get his bill through, much to the displeasure of the Croatans. On the other hand it pleased the Cherokees mightily, who wanted no part or parcel of the Croatans going around claiming they were Cherokees. Today, in Harnett, the Croatan Indians have their own schools and churches. Their Normal College is located at Pembroke in Robeson County. The mystery of their origin is still as great as ever. CHAPTER III THE LEGION OF RESTLESS MEN © i vanguard of the Cape Fear Valley settlers was a sane se anu deeds were as heroic as their spirits were wild. These were the men of Restless Feet, the Forerunners, Seekers, obsessed with unquenchable desire to see what might lie around the curve of the river, might hide beyond the brow of i ie ee were the trail blazers: the ones who explored the wilder- ness, tamed the Indians and made the Valley safe for the perma- nent settlers who were to follow hard on their heels. They asked no odds, these Restless Men, and claimed no a ward for service. Their lonely campfires twinkled in the far reaches of the Piney Barrens; the Tuscaroras of Buckhorn knew them. well and the wild country of the Deep River head-waters 7aS a ook before their eyes. 4 ‘Bavlsh, ae were, and Irish, Welsh and Scotch. There was even a Dutchman, and one lone Son of France, Formyduval, from the Waccamaw Swamp. Even their names had a racy, Baie may-care swing to go with the daring of their owner’s sete Emperor Wheelor, Windall Storm, Timothy Cleaven, Gunrod Goldman, Felix O’Neil, wild and Irish, who was to die with a laugh on his lips and a chip on his shoulder; Archibald MacDon- ald, the tall soldier; the tough Dutch Voortrekker Hendrick ee ter; and bow-legged little Archie Buie, whose pipes droned oo wailed away many a lonely hour in the far stretching vistas o y i rails. : pea a Sante have come down to us in the records. Memorials today are a creek here, a spring there, or some out- standing landmark, such as Patterson’s Rock on the Cape a above Lillington. Here, Gilbert Patterson lay many days wit a broken leg, while wolves howled and battled to get at him. For a hundred years the place was known as Patterson s Rock. In later days it became known to thousands of picnickers as ae date s Rock. Today it is famed for ie incomparable beauty when the : ickets are in bloom. ; STE eee of the Legion of Restless Men was Neill MacNeill, ex-sailor. His six-foot-six frame towered over his fellows like a redwood amid pines. The red of his hair and curly beard was like the color of a western sky at sunset. To his brother Scots he was Niall Ruadh or An Ruadh Mor—the Big Red One. The Indians on Buckhorn and Deep River gazed at the giant with awe, perhaps with reverence. The Tuscaroras Sa MN ES MRS Ta: RHEE I ERS hg Wy UL cies Pechetetten soeetgtcpae tn ty netace ts Bes iaissash kick A ebscublk ee lla baa ahi ina 8 NEE a TITRE 10 THEY PASSED THIS WAY promptly named him Maaskwizzid—the Red Person. What those who ran afoul of his ham-sized fists called him, is not fit to be recorded in any language. Red Neill MacNeill once had been a sailor. He left his ship at Brunswick to join the vanguard of the Scotch invasion which began to roll up the Valley in 1739. In September of that year the first shipload of three hundred Scots arrived in the Cape Fear roadstead. They were led by Dugald, Hector and Black Neill MacNeill, Duncan Campbell, Alexander McAllister, Alex- ander Clark and several others who had already explored the river in 1736 just after Gabriel Johnston, another Scotchman, became Governor of the Province of North Carolina. It has been possible to keep up with the big flame-thatched one’s wanderings from his land grants. Reid Neill had an eye for choice soil, but it isn’t on record that he ever stayed on any site longer than was necessary to file a claim. He was too busy rambling over the Valley and “Civilizin’ this howlin’ wilderness.” Wherever he went he entered acreages of land, then disposed of them in a few months to newly arrived settlers. When the river fronts became exhausted, Red Neill moved up the tribu- taries. He patented so many tracts on one stream’it was called “Red Neill MacNeill’s Creek.” Passing generations have forgotten the origin of the name so that today the stream is known simply as Neill’s Creek. It flows into the Cape Fear just above Lillington. Red MacNeill gave Barbecue Creek its name as well. Mists rising from it reminded him of his sailor days and barbecue fires smoking in the West Indies. In a fit of culinary nostalgia he named the stream Barbecue, and thus it became a named land- mark on the early land grants. Barbecue is derived from two French words: “Barb”, meaning beard and “que”, tail. Thus _ when you barbecue a hog, you cook him from whiskers to tail. Incidentally, Red Neill gets the credit for introducing barbe- cued meat to the Valley. The tale is told of how he would walk up toa beef and render it senseless with one blow of his mighty fist. Entire sections or even the whole animal would then be barbecued to his taste. During his later years these barbecues became outstanding events in the lives of his fellow wanderers. Tt came about that in 1753 Red Neill actually bought a piece of land: 60 acres lying on the east bank of the Cape Fear near Smilie’s Falls, a couple of miles above the settlement that would one day be called Averasboro. He made this his headquarters. Every now and then the word would go out for the Restless Men to gather; Red Neill was giving a barbecue. From all directions the trailbreakers would head towards the focal point. A thirty- Where Harnett Tories met their Waterloo. Mooze’s Creek Battleground. i scemieniniatnsatitinbitininastinsiiiisitiendetinliitan 7 i Spring Hill Methodist Church, Founded 1867 Pleasant Plain Christian Chav Founded 1863 Advent Christian Church, Dunn, N. C. b f i Z i I 1p e Dia fein a’s buachaill dhamh, cho bhi mi ann an dith... 2 Bheir fe fainear gu-luidhinn fios, air cluanaibh glas le fith : Js fds re taoibh nan aimhnichean theid feachad fies gu mall, Ata te ’’ga mo thredrughadh ~~ gu min réidh anns gach ball. > ?Ta’g aileag m’anam dhamh air ais. is trebrachadh mo cheim - Air flighibh glan na fireantachd, *= - air fgith dheagh-ainme fein. 4 Seadh fds a chean’ d’an gluaisfinn trid ghleann dorcha fgail’ a’ pbhiiss Aon olc no urchoid do theachd orm ni h-eagal leam’s ni’ncas: Ar-fon gu bliuil-tu leam do ghnath, do lorg, ’s do bhata treun, Ataid ag tabhairt comh-fhurtachd js fua(glaidh dhamh a’w? fheim. 5 Dkamh dheafuigh’s bord air beul mo le h-dla dh’ung mo cheann, (nimh- Cur thairis ’ta mo chopan fds ag mead an lain a’t’ann. : © Ach leanaidh maith is trocdir rum an cian a bhios mi bed: = > C6 The 23rd Psalm from an old Gaelic Bible. GAL Me SH N47 pare ee aie Friendsiip Baptist Church. Founded 1833 Gospel Tabernacle, Dunn Upper left—Neill’s Creek Church, Founded 1780 s upper right—Antioch Church, Found 1833; bottom—Cumberland Union, 1820. & St. Stephen's — i EXpiscopat Church, Erwin : i F 4 | | |; oe } i ¥ : Pep 4lll| } 4 | | e aan Cokesbury 7 | Methodist ' | Church | | } | ail ail ij ‘ | | j | t \ Prospect : Baptist : Church E z 5 : | f é | Left, Camero i ir * ’ n Hill Fire Tower i 4 . é , oldest in State. Right, Cameron Hill Presbyterian Chui 4 e i = Union Primitive Baptist | = ‘ ‘eal ‘ 13] ' | ; | seme NZAREtCRT sere . evveuaatsih etree 4 ‘ oeneenes: there ee Sepa a ne reap et nO RTT ITN AI ET ninemsn nance ANE OE FAA IT u Early Presbyterian Strongholds. Upper left: Barbecue Church 1751; upper right: Le Church; lower left: Cypress R lower right: Mt. Pisgan. aaa Gor | Top—Erwin School for Negroes; Center—Boone Trail High Schoo . Bottom—Lillington High School. eae yay ave tan ata 102 Gus cna cfs Bia aE Evolution of Harnett County Schools—Top, Buckhorn § a ay a Hit HI 1H i iE Center, Buckhorn Graded Schol Bottom, LaFayette High School. Parson Neill McKay, @ pillar of the Presbyterian Church. Where the Dreams of An Empire Ended, Ruins of Buckhorn Blast Furnace. cn en AS POs 0 A TOES A NN MINT OE nares = I . | iH | ee 5 {| : ~BeTHUNE = | of mE STOCK ¥ a Bl OW _ / = | 4 . LILLINGTON 7? Hon wigkEY i i 3 ts 7 | | HWE ie et _ : | os | . i | | | | pest , be | ad oa i | | | } }\| | 7 | | ‘ | Z | é e é } £ $10,000,000 Harnett Industry ke ' a@ year ' &- passes to oe st 4 Harnett . pane farmers 4 Top—A Gravel Plant near Lillington. 4 | through > VG ms i | these nea en “i business Center—Radio Station WCKB at Dunn, | ‘ | houses. i | : Bottom—Garment Company of Lillington. é | : § ee = / } | t ce E = Ce Fa : 2 t ‘. é i . | i | E } Pat , S| i | Hl § | : ¢ 1] : Ge iia eae SR RR i fe ec Karly Officials Erwin Cotton Mills Left to right: Fred McKay, Charlie Thompson, K. P. Lewis, T. H. Webb, R. S. Kelly, A. Y. Kelly, Edwin Gant Roger Gant. ; SRE gm Old Erwin Bridge before 1908 8 of Long Ago. Top, Covered Bridge. Bottom left, Screw Press. Bottom Right, Well Sweep.) eee | | PE OC, cote eat SoyERT aasoapiarennets neg meeiertannrateemr erecta = ee b 4 Carolina Top. Substat at Eru Bottoi Line Ci at Wol What | THE LEGION OF RESTLESS MEN iit gallon keg of apple brandy set on a platform at the spring below his cabin. Abraham Carter, Red Neill’s West Indian mulatto shadow, Would prepare the barbecue, but Red Neill would join his com- Panions in the more serious business of drinking one another’s health—or anybody’s health, for that matter. Little bow-legged Archie Buie would be there and his pipes Would moan and drone the wild melodies of the Highland hills. The irrepressible Irishman, Felix O’Neal, would perform his famous bottle trick: converting a quart of brandy to a pint with- out taking the bottle from his lips. The tall soldier, Archibald MacDonald, would tell still taller tales of military might on many a bloody battlefield. By late afternoon the barbecue meat would be ready. All Would gather ’round the long outdoor table of split poplar logs to enjoy the incomparable succulence of charcoal-broiled whole and Li beef, and cornbread made from water-ground meal, with pewter is pad mugs of ale to wash it down. By midnight’s cock-crow the party arn Ww Counl ould end with the lusty singing of old ballads. At daybreak the more hardy would be scattering again down their lonely trails. Others less resilient would be slightly indisposed but could al- Ways be cured by a hair of the dog that bit them. As the years went by, fewer and fewer of this Legion of Restless Men showed up. Gentle, kindly Timothy Cleaven died in 1758. Johnny Brisco had been bitten by a polecat and died. uncan Campbell was back in Scotland. Aaron Burleson, who had taken time to get married (a descendant of whom would one day be Postmaster General of the United States) -—already was head- ed up the Yadkin Trail later to meet death at the hands of Indians mM what is now Mitchell County. The Welshmen, Jonathan Llewellyn and Gideon Gilbert and many more, for whom the Valley had already gotten too crowded and too civilized, were long away, in the Pee Dee country, and beyond, to tame another Wilderness. In 1759, the big Red Samson threw his last party. For in that year there came creeping out of the river mists a fever such as these men had never seen. It gripped strong men and turned them into pitiful weaklings—burning with fever one moment and shaking with tooth rattling, bone breaking agues the next. As the disease progressed the victims began vomiting blood in terrible retching spasms, until death came. That was a dreary year in the Valley. Settlers died so fast that Scarcely enough were left to attend to the wants of those still alive. Even the cattle caught a distemper that left them dying Im droves, with blackened tongues and swollen bellies. 12 THEY PASSED THIS WAY One of the busiest men in the Valley that year was Red Neill— burying the bodies of the fever victims. The settlers caught it and died. Only Reverend James Campbell, grey-bearded now, and borne down by a great sadness at the devastation wrought among his flock, could offer them spiritual help. There was no medical assistance, for their lone doctor, Andrew Crawford, who lived near the present site of Campbell College, had been one of the first victims. Red Neill went about his sombre tasks with thoughts on that unexplored wilderness to the West. His kind was finished in the Upper Valley, their jobs completed. Already the place was too crowded. Why, in that year of 1759, High Sheriff Duncan McNeill had listed over 600 taxables in Cumberland County! Red Neill’s band had opened the Valley, made it safe for settle- ment. Now another class of men arrived, fellows like John Brown, the millwright, who could no more pass a likely stream than a drunk could pass a saloon. Wherever he went, grist and sawmills sprang up, and frame houses began replacing the rude log cabins of the first settlers. It was the time of new things. John Graham, the schoolmas- ter, was wandering now over the Valley, and schoolhouses were sprouting in his wake: at Averyville, Cross Creek, the Head of Rockfish, Gibson’s store and lately at Longstreet. John Willcox, recently arrived from Pennsylvania, was talking of erecting a furnace on Deep River for making iron. Rev. James Campbell arrived in 1757 from the same state, bringing religion to the Valley; and Order came in the person of Sheriff Duncan McNeill. Law, in the stern-faced justices on their platform in the log courthouse at Choeffenington, had come to stay. Yes, it was time for Red Neill and his like to be moving on. But even wilderness lovers just don’t go wandering off, leaving people dying in a welter of their own blood. Because of the epidemic, Red Neill stayed on, even though his desire must have been for that Western wilderness beyond the Yadkin. Inevitably, too, he caught the fever. Because he was bigger and stronger than the others, he died slower and harder. Little Archie Buie heard of his illness and came down the river; once more Red Neill’s cabin at Smilie’s Falls resounded to the wild skirling of the pipes. But now the wild strains had a plaintive undertone. And Red Neill, listening, caught their import. _ Then it was that he got Archie to cut for him a huge gum log ten feet long and saw it lengthwise down the middle. Between spells of fever Red would sit before the split halves and hammer away with mallet and chisel while Archie droned doleful laments on his pipes. THE LEGION OF RESTLESS MEN 13 Red Neill was making his own coffin! Presently, when he had it done to suit him, he lay in it to see that it fitted. Then he bored holes so the two sections would be pegged together with lightwood pegs. Preacher Campbell came by to speak words of cheer and Bibli- cal counsel to the giant. “Ye are welcome as a friend, dominie,” the stricken Goliath told him, “But I want none o’ yer pulin’ prayers or yer religious cantin’. I ha’e ne’er called on Him when I was strong, an’ I'll be dom’d if I go whimperin’ like a coward to Him now.” The man of God, who knew and understood the giant, nodded his head gravely, and uttered a mental prayer in Gaelic, and for good measure added another in English, asking mercy on the soul of one who was dying, because he had stayed to help others— but would call for no spiritual help for himself. “Greater love hath no man than this—-” Day by day the big one weakened. One evening he called Archie to him. “Bury me across the river,” he told the little Piper, “and on the brow o’ Smilie’s Hill where it faces west. When ye ha’e buried me, speed me on my way wi’ a skirlin’ 0’ the pipes.” The blood bubbled from his cracked lips and Red Neill MacNeill was dead. But little Archie Buie couldn’t do all he was asked. The river had risen and it was impossible to get the coffin across it. So he and Abraham Carter scooped out a grave near the cabin and put the giant decently away. And when Archie had finished heaping up the mound of dirt he stood at its head and his pipes wailed the doleful notes of the MacNeill lament. After the river finally returned to its banks the fever had gone from the Valley—and so was Archibald Buie, the piper. Out into that western wilderness he had gone where the Legion of Restless Men were still needed. Surely, he would come back some day to carry out the dead giant’s last wish. But time went by and Red Neill MacNeill still slept in his grave on the east side of the river. Presently a new tale began to be told in the valley—a tale of a giant ghost with red hair and curly red beard which stood on a rock overlooking Smilie’s Falls and point- ed westward. It did no good when Quaminy, a slave Col. Alexander McAllis- ter had bought from Peter McLaurin, told his tale. Colonel McAllister’s son, Coll, lived on the King’s Highway just above where the present town of Buie’s Creek stands. It was the Colonel’s habit to send Quaminy on errands to his son’s place, and on one of these trips Quaminy fell for the slumberous glances of a young slave girl belonging to Coll. Thereafter, slavery be- ing what it was, Quaminy took to slipping up to Coll’s after | | 14 blasted Quaminy’s beautiful romance with the slave girl, for never again did he travel that road after nightfall. growing pains. More years went by. The War Between the States burst in all its fury and raged on to its bitter end. Up from the South in the Spri ing of 1865 surged Sherman’s legions. They looted, burned On through Anson, Richmond and Scotland presently burst its bounds to flood the entire Valley ; Sherman’s Fresh, it was called. Old timers point es. i egend his father had told him of a bow legged piper and a red-headed giant who wanted to be buried on the western side of the river—but wasn’t, Then and there, did the assembled listeners take shovels. On the western brow of Smilie’s Hil] they dug a grave. cently repegged the red-headed gke i S ghost haunt his lonely rock » it is said, there are nights from the flatwoods, over the 15 THE LEGION OF RESTLESS MEN Wiis f h the whispering reeds o: jutti f the falls, throug t ef eee ea Reed then listeners can hear bel ue Bours ae aaa hee ROR they are listening i Ere pened a OL PON i i ie moaning an ° ee nae eas a Legion of Restless Men, who wai (0) : fhe a about their cosmic campfires in Spirit Lan I | | CHAPTER IV THE PERMANENT SETTLERS Hard on the heels of the Legion of Restless Men came another legion of men with more stable feet. These were people who were tired of wandering. They were looking for a permanent roosting place, and in Harnett they found it. For the most part they were Scotsmen, for the English influx from Albemarle and Virginia had not yet begun. Why these early Scots chose North Carolina for their new home is a simple matter. In 1734, Gabriel Johnston, a Scot and a graduate of the Uni- versity of Edinburgh, became Governor of the Province of North Carolina. He established his residence (and the seat of government) on the Cape Fear River—over the anguished protests of the Albe- marle planters. At once he set about writing his friends back in Scotland about the wonderful opportunities awaiting them in North Carolina. He told them about the richness of the soil, which would grow two crops yearly and which would produce green trees that would burn like paper. Naturally, none of his correspondents knew anything about pine trees that had been boxed for tur- pentine. He also offered other inducements such as remission of poll taxes for ten years, plus grants of money. His glowing letters were effective. In 1736, Alexander Mc- Allister, Neill and Hector MeNeill, John and Alexander Clark, Duncan Campbell and several other Scots arrived at Brunswick to give this Garden of Eden a look-see. They found the country around Wilmington and lower Bladen already well settled. In Bladen they discovered a number of settlers who wore queerly shaped hats and called themselves Quakers. The Quakers wanted to sell them land on which they could grow a strange new plant called cotton which would make finer cloth than wool or flax. The Quakers had earlier been victims of this cotton story. The New Englanders who sold them on it neglected to tell the gullible Friends the cost of separating the seed from the lint made it im- possible to use cotton in making cloth. But these men from Scotland were not farm hands. They were hunters, warriors from the Highlands. The country was too flat. - — - ————————— ee eraser i Seg NT a - THE PERMANENT SETTLERS 17 isdainfully shook Bladen’s black soil from their boots oor Stree looking for the hills they knew they would find. : they had reached the country just above where Fay- ae ee ee they found the hills and the brawling streams between them. This then was the place for them to raise their fae “them remained to select homesites. The others re- turned to Scotland to spread the tidings of this brave new mond where they would be far removed from England s galling yoke even though they would be still living under its laws. ae In September 1739, the first shipload of these emigrants arrive at Wilmington and headed up the Cape Fear for their new homes. They brought the tools they would need in this new land. ae skeptic even brought some oak staves for making axe a ae One wonders what his bhouahiay iene when he first glimpse e ickorys along the river! ; Seed aes office ai Raleigh gives us a very good list of these first settlers and it is true that the earliest grants in Har- to these Highlanders. ee Aes of land traders named Richard French and William Grey grabbed off 640 acres on the west side of the Cape Fear just above the mouth of Lower Little River. . as On the opposite side of the river a Welshman, Geo: ach naw son by name, got his nose under the wire in 1737. So did John Davis in the same year, joining French and Grey. c From there on up the river on both sides, the list reads like a gathering of the clans. Here and there an outsider gota toe hold; like the German, John Martinlear, who dug in eprnste Averasboro; and the Englishmen—who may have been brothers —Hugh and Miles Ward, just below Averasboro. To us of today, the manner of acquiring land over 200 years ems ridiculously simple. i a ene newly come settler had to do was find a piece of un- Seine nens it with the entry taker of which there Was one or more in every county. With the claim he filed a description t of land desired and its location. : : os a aid then be passed on by the Governor s Council. If it were approved, a deputy-surveyor would in time show up with a warrant signed by the Governor ordering him, to ad- meafure and lay out, until Neill McNeill a plantation, containing 200 acres of land, located in umberlang nate near the King’s by the name of Neill’s Meadow. Bae chen haa 18 months in which to take out a patent a ns a an SEES kek eeLiee eae eee Slee eataseautreat eer onpiaeen epee 18 THEY PASSED THIS Way for the said land. If he failed to do so, the land became free to be taken up by another person. If the settler perfected his patent he was issued a grant to the land and thereafter could dispose of it as he saw fit. How- ever, he was required to pay a yearly quit-rent on the land which amounted to about $1.00 per 100 acres. This amount of quit rent varied from time to time. He also had to pay the surveyor’s fees. The final condition was that he should clear and cultivate 3 acres per 100 acres in 3 years and fence it with a fence that was horse high, pig tight and bull strong. Naturally he was required to put a house on the land. As is to be expected, there was a bit of skullduggery connected with these grants. A man would patent a hundred acres and pay quit rents for that amount. However, he might lay claim to several hundred acres around him. As the story goes, he wasn’t greedy. He just wanted the land that joined his. It might seem simple enough for a newcomer to ask an old settler to show his grant. Yet the settler would quickly tell him that if he wanted to see it he could jolly well go to Wilmington or wherever the seat of government might be located at that moment and look to his heart’s content. Before the newcomer would backtrack a hundred miles or more, he would move on until he did find vacant land. Settlers were known to hold land by this method for as long as 20 years or more. In the 1790’s two men, Allison and Blount, took up hundreds of thousands of acres by this means. One of their grants was in Western Harnett covering land now owned by the Rockefellers, Another stunt that was used by some of the river settlers was to begin their claim at a point where the river would begin to curve away from the location of the land. It was common practice in those days to run only two lines. The grant as filed would read something like this: “Beginning at a marked oak on the river bank, the west side thereof, thence a line west 80 rods to a pine, thence north 80 rods to a hickory, thence East 80 rods to the river, thence downriver to the begin- ning, containing 640 acres.” THE PERMANENT SETTLERS 19 At the point of beginning, the river may have begun a bend to the right, and the third line (which had never been run) might be 150 rods instead of 80. Part of the land on which Fayetteville is located was surveyed for 600 acres. Twenty years later a re-survey showed it con- tained 965 acres! The following are the men who took up land in Harnett in 1740: Archibald Buie Daniel Buie Duncan Campbell James Campbell Alexander Clark Archibald Clark James McDougald Hugh McLachlan James McLachlan Hugh McCrainey Murdock McCrainey Samuel McGaw or McGraw John Clark John Martinlear Daniel MeNeill Gilbert Patterson Hector McNeill Dugald Stewart Matthew Smylie Nathaniel Smylie William Stephens Malcolm MeNeill Neill McNeill John McAllister Alexander McKay Hugh Ward Archibald McKay Miles Ward Others took up land in what is now Lee and Chatham Counties. But in 1746 when the Granville line was run it crossed the Cape Fear where the present counties of Chatham, Harnett and Lee ah ae land lying north of this line belonged to one of the Lords Proprietors, the Earl of Granville, while the country south of it continued to be King’s land. ; Those Scotsmen who had taken up land north of the Granville line immediately disposed of it and came scampering back down into Harnett and other counties below the line. They did not trust a title from a mere earl. What the Lord giveth, the Lord can take away, was the way they considered the matter. { i Why King George could wake up some morning with a belly- ache or a hangover and with one sweep of his pen dispossess every one of them! : ; Besides aid a very important point with these Highlanders— the Earl of Granville charged them higher fees for his land than did the King. By 1754 the area now comprising Cumberland, Harnett, Hoke, Lee and Moore was so populous it was cut off from Bladen and formed into a new county called Cumberland, thus honoring the is 20 THEY PASSED THIS WAY man who was responsible for the butchery of thousands of Scots- men following the Battle of Culloden in 1746. The name of the new county was forced on the inhabitants and it must have been a bitter pill for them to swallow. In 1784 when Moore County was cut off from Cumberland, an attempt was made to change the name of the remainder of Cum- berland to Fayette County, but the plan failed. The county seat of this new County of Cumberland was located at a place called Choeffenington on the south side of Lower Little River, about a mile east of the present town of Linden. So many settlers had come into the Harnett area by then that it might be interesting to list their names as entered on the Cumberland County tax list for 1755. Here they are: Ben Goodrich John Graham James Gilliam John Harvill Robert Howard James Howard } William Hall Samuel Howard Francis Jones Joseph Adams Jacob Blocker Archibald Buie \ Hugh McDougald Archibald a John Clark Duncan Buie Gilbert Buie Daniel Buie Richard Brown \ John Brown f Richard Crosby Archibald Clark Duncan Clark Alexander Clark William Clark Alexander Clark Charles Jones Hamilton Jones John Knee Edward Larrimore Robert Love Se AO Onnor \ Edward Larimor Archibald McNeill Neill McNeill Hector MeNeill Hugh McLean John McLean John Martinlear John Phillips } Hugh McCranie Duncan Patterson Archibald Patterson John Phillips John Ray Gabriel Reagan James Stewart Richard Britt John Clark Archibald Clark Daniel Clark Luzarus Creel Gilbert Clark John Campbell Kenneth Clark Archibald Clark Neill Clark John Clark John Dobbins Michael Conoly John Copeland George Fulph THE PERMANENT SETTLERS 21 James Thornton Richard Thorn John Thomas David Trantham Martin Trantham, Sr. \ John Stewart Thomas Seemore Dushee Shaw \ Duncan Shaw David Smith Hugh Smith Martin Trantham, Jr. Robert Smith ee John Smith Sampson Williams James Smith Christopher Yow Rolling Smith Thomas York In this list the names in parenthesis indicate they lived in the same house. It does not necessarily mean they were all mem- bers of the same family. For instance: Hugh McLean happened to be the father of John McLean but he could have been a cousin, or no relation at all for that matter. : If the reader, puzzled by the numerous Archibald Clarks, etc., gets the idea the tax lister was just idly repeating names in order to pad his list, he will be wrong. The old Scottish custom of naming the eldest son after the child’s paternal grandfather is responsible for this. If a man signed his name Neill Clark, Jr., it does not neces- sarily mean Neill Junior’s father was named Neill. It does mean there was another Neill Clark in the same neighborhood who was older than Neill Jr. They had other ways of differentiating themselves. At one time there were five Daniel Shaws in the same com- munity. One signed himself Poplar Foot Daniel Shaw. During the Revolution he was shot in the foot by a band of Tories, re- sulting in its later amputation. Daniel whittled a foot from a limb of a poplar tree. Thereafter, he became Poplar Foot Daniel to identify him from Maiden Daniel Shaw, who never married, and Block Wheel Daniel Shaw, who drove a cart having wheels sawn from a huge tree. Then there was Daniel Sr. and Daniel Jr., who happened to be cousins. Thomas Jones, Clerk of the Cumberland County Court, listed for that first year of the county’s existence: 302 white taxables, 11 mulattoes and 63 slaves. Indians, being considered savages, were not counted. When he submitted his list to the Court, Jones made the bland statement that, “In my opinion there are at least 30 who did not ive in.” 7 Tommy was ultra conservative. Probably that many or more lived in the Harnett area itself, let alone the rest of Cumberland. However, they eventually got on the tax list. Some of them and toad Avs rae 22 THEY PASSED THIS WAY the first recorded date of their settlement in Harnett are here- with listed. A great many of these show a recorded date of 1755. Asa matter of fact, many had been in the area for several years prior to 1755. With a tax lister after them they knew it was time to register their land. It is notable that not many had Scottish names. John Anderson 1748 Torquill McNeill 1753 Thomas Briggs __ 1755 Archibald McDonald 1753 Malcolm Clark __. _-1755 John McDougald 1755 Timothy Cleaven B54 Dugald McPhail ____1755 Arthur Donnely 1752 Angus McPhail 1754 John Eppinger _ Ee 5) Angus McAllister ____1755 Stephen Gardner 1755 Miles Parker 1748 William Grant __ 1755 Stephen Phillips 1755 VOI TH 1755 John Robeson ___ 1755 Bartholomew Hodges_1753 Wallis Johnston Andrew Joyner Andrew Kennedy _ David Kennedy ___ Samuel Kennedy - tt di@lara Wiery Edward Robeson __ Joshua Shaddock ____ Thomas Stewart 1753 Richard Treadway ___ 1755 Thomas Ward John Wright 1755 It might be proper at this time to take a look at these early Harnett Citizens and observe their manner of living. The old time picture of planters riding over their cotton fields, calculating the profits the crop would bring in the fall, can be discarded at once. Harnett never was a county of great plantations. True, in later years, some planters along the river did accumulate sizeable holdings of land and slaves. But for the most part, Harnett was settled by the “hundred acre” boys, men who went into the forests and hewed trees to build their homes. Next they cleared a small acreage of land on which to raise corn, wheat, garden produce and flax for cloth making. They used a butt-headed steer to pull the plow. That was before mules had been introduced to the colonies. Nearly every settler raised cattle, hogs, sheep and poultry. Their wearing apparel was home made of wool, flax and the skins of animals. Cooking was done in the fireplace. Stoves were an unknown luxury. If a man needed a bucket, a barrel, a bed, a table, or almost any household item, he made it—or had it made, trading his services in payment, money being an item which most of them THE PERMANENT SETTLERS didn’t have. They even paid their taxes with produce—to the reat disgust of the tax gatherers. , ; Imagine walking today into Tax Collector Duncan Ray’s office with a squealing shoat and a bucket of eggs in payment of your taxes! What money they did obtain came from the products of the friendly forests and the sale of cattle. Those were the days of tar, tun timber and turpentine. For better than a hundred years the great pine forests of Harnett provided its citizens with a means of livelihood. ; In clearing the land the early settlers would burn the pines for tar. The boxed pines furnished turpentine, which was distilled and sold in Fayetteville and Wilmington. There was always a ready market in those places for naval stores. ee When the trees were drained of their productivity, they were cut, assembled into rafts and floated down the Cape Fear to Wil- mington. An average raft would sell for upwards of 500 dollars in that town. ere iB At first the rafters would walk back from Wilmington or pole a loaded flat boat up the river. In 1818 though, steamers appeared on the Cape Fear and the rafters would ride back to Fayetteville on these. The coming of the plank roads doomed our forests. They were systematically obliterated in an age that saw people emerge from log cabins, move into frame houses and enter on a higher standard cena at some future time the pine tree will be given its right- ful credit for the part it played in the lives of our forefathers. CHAPTER V HARNETT COUNTY IN THE REVOLUTION Through the years when war came to the area now comprising Harnett County its citizens responded pretty much like those of other counties. Some went willingly, even eagerly, fired with noble resolves and high ideals. Most of these came back—if they did come back—bitter, disillusioned, the fire gone from their eyes. For at its best, war is a dirty, savage business; a seething mixture of hate and madness, of mutilated bodies and minds, of blood and death. Others went because of a sense of duty, a determination to fight for what they believed was right and to uphold their way of living. There were others who served because the conscript officers or the draft boards seized them by the scruffs of their necks, so to speak, and pitched them squalling and protesting into the nearest army camp. Quite often these men made the best sol- diers. Then there was another class: men who believed in peace at any price—even if it meant “hiding out” in swamps, woods and old fields. It wasn’t that they were cowards or more afraid than others. They had their reasons and they sincerely believed in them. And like all soldiers in all wars, once they were in it, Harnett men grumbled and bellyached, which is a soldier’s traditional privilege. Beyond doubt the nastiest war to hit Harnett was the Revolu- tion—the war for freedom from English rule. Sure, the county had a rough time during another war for independence, The War Between the States. And down at Averasboro over a thousand men in blue and grey were killed or wounded that rain-swept day in March of 1865. But that was a professional battle fought by soldiers who perhaps were not professionals, but who fought like them. In the mad days of the Revolution, Harnett, though it would not be a county for another 75 or more years, was a land divided, * not only geographically but politically. Physically, the Cape Fear River divided the area. On the east side of the river most of the people were Whigs—Patriots, if you please. This section had been settled largely by people from the eastern part of the state or by others coming down the old trail from Virginia, which went by the name of Green’s Path to the Pee Dee. It ran through eastern Harnett. SSS a TS ow a ec : — = eS Sn ——— ~ BP SUEMPPTG eA a e ergs oe ra HARNETT COUNTY IN THE REVOLUTION 25 i i the Not so on the western side. Save for a narrow strip along river, settled by Scots who came over prior to 1746, and “d has area around Barbecue Church, the western side was settled by Scottish Highlanders with a thin sprinkling of other nationalities. These Highlanders came to America after that fatal day in April 1746 on Culloden moor when: “The hoof of the horse and the foot of the proud Had trod on the plumes of the bonnets of Blue. i i i Charles and his clansmen On that terrible day, Bonnie Prince ‘ risked everything in a battle to smash ile tet a, cue mn f England. They lost. 4 ni e Duke S Taslas Beeston af England’s barrel-bellied monarch, George the second set about his brutal, senseless campaign of beheading, butchery and banishment. For upwards of twenty years it was worth a Highlander’s life to be ee eee ae oe hae art of Highland dress. It is not s range at t : Bananas “to the plantations beyond the seas and signed with their own blood an oath that ran about as follows: “I, Donald McDonald, do swear and as I shall answer to God at the great day of judgment, I have not, nor shall I have in my possession any gun, pistol or arm Mae ae Sone Hoh i at I w = laid, tartan or any part of Highlan garb. fend His Majesty the King and support ane in cote ea ie k this, my solemn oath, may take. And should I brea is, : : j i ly and property ; may I neve cursed in all my undertakings, fami r 3 i i ther or other relations; may see my wife, children, father, mo ren anand tania illed in battle as a coward and lie withou a su eaee Tae far from the graves of my forefathers and kindred. May all this come across me if I break my oath. Saddled with such a vow, it is no wonder that when the a days of the Revolution came, the Harnett Highlandons peanuts Raa a answered Royal Governor Martin’s summons and ? aranee Culloden at the Widow Moore’s Creek Bridge on Feb: 1776. : : Bt een es there is no known list of Harnett men, Whig or Tory, who fought at Moore’s Creek. But the Harn men who escaped capture there, because they knew the cone A re- crossed the Cape Fear at Smith’s Ferry at the os 2 A aver Little River and returned to their homes sullenly to lic ei i nds. ™ndes noe the legislature of 1776, Cumberland County— ime i d Moore along with i t time included all of Harnett and Moore along wit Sao Hae aaa Lee Counties—was divided into militia dis- tricts. ————————— mst nee reine mE OR a CTT 26 THEY PASSED THIS WAY In the area east of the river from Buie’s Creek to the Chat- ham and Wake lines, Captain Robert Cobb, who lived near Cokesbury, was commander. From Buie’s Creek to the mouth of Lower Little River, Captain Alexander Avera, of the then little village of Averasboro, commanded. They also had juris- diction over the scattering of uneasy Whig Highlanders along the west bank of the river. Out in the Barbecue section—an island of Whigs in a sea of Tories—Thomas Dobbins and Daniel Buie were commanders. Here occurred the incident that caused the Rev. James Campbell to leave Cumberland County. The preacher was an outspoken Whig, but he had one gon in the British army and another in the American. One day, just before the massacre at Moore’s Creek, during services at Barbecue Church he prayed for the success of the American army. After the service McAipin Munn, a respected old Tory, came up to him, removed his hat in deference to the man of God and said: “Meenister, ye ha’e been a longer time frae Scotland nor me, an’ ye nae ha’ed to take the Blood Oath I ha’e took. An’, noo, if I e’er hear ye pray ag’in as ye did this day, the bullet has been molded and the powder is in my horn to blow it through yer head!” The Reverend Mr. Campbell knew Munn meant what he said. Very prudently he removed to Guilford County where Whigs were more numerous, bought 400 acres of land, and lived there until 1780 when he returned to Cumberland. His death occurred across the river from Bluff Church. His grave wasn’t even mark- ed until a few years ago when Rev. Angus McQueen of Dunn lo- cated it, and was instrumental in having a bronze marker placed at the grave of the man who brought Presbyterian religion to the Cape Fear country. Incidentally, Munn’s old powder horn and bullet mold are still in existence. The companies of Buie and Dobbin operated under the com- mand of Colonel Ebenezer Folsome who lived on the east side of the Cape Fear, near the Lillington Bridge. At other times Col. David Smith, whose brick house, the first in Harnett, stood on the road from Erwin bridge to J. C. Byrd’s mill below Bunnlevel, commanded. Col. Smith was often sent on special assignments by the governor and saw only sporadic military service. Col. Folsome was a zealous officer. So much so that many of his men became restive under his methods, and brought charges against him. Among other things they charged him with col- lecting money from them for rum supposedly furnished by the state. HARNETT COUNTY IN THE REVOLUTION 27 Smarting under the accusation, the colonel ae nae that the niggardly amount of rum paid for by the i e Ou th quiet a cradleful of bawling babies, let alone a battalion o ey 4 ing, musket-toting farmers who fancied themselves as soldiers. From then on, he told them, they could furnish their own rum, and huffily resigned his command. ae sry pues term in the legislature as oe Se ances and he was ag. i mberlan ; 4 i J pee oe? seat Creek in 1776 until a anvasion of the state in 1781 by the British, the pre-Harnett Pee Sullenly quiet—the Seas arti ee ae es : f blood, fire and bis Bae foul ene of Daniel Morgan’s riflemen, aye after their victory over the British at Cowpens, Ss. e sepals the legions of the English under Lord Genes ee ing Tories, Highlanders and all, to rally to his stan Ge Pe ie ci About the same time th a pat as ie vv nee ae i whom , He ee This man was of just average size, but he moved i i iger—and was just about as WwW he litheness of a Bengal tiger—an D sae aa ees ee atl his head he wore a red silk pr hee was David Fanning—‘“Scaldhead Dave”, they anna ? 7 es youth he had contracted a disease pe stripped ae! aie and left his scalp a festering stinking mass. around his head. He wouldn’t even remove it when he ate or slept. ; 4 What qualities the man had that caused Tories oe flock to him no one can say. Hitler had them, so did Attila the ‘ un. sie Maybe it was his habit of success. Quick to spot an ene ci weakness and quicker still to exploit it, there isn’t arn i instance where the Patriots obtained a clear-cut victory ove ‘Peaiaee they came nearer doing so at aie Se enlet ra i e + of the state than at any other time. was old Col Heston McNeill of Robeson see a Shaw of H killed and Fanning himse wounded. a eae hee ine just simply didn’t gee aie ies ee i y word defeat. Able, daring, ruthless, he quic & seoneeoee the Cape Fear Country. So ee ee ee i ers, n S less was he that the hardbitten Scot Highlan F ( x i fused to fight under him. themselves, couldn’t stomach him and re ota N d then under their own leaders, Duncan ay, Ree John McLeLan and the MeNeills and McKays, they Would join him for a mass operation when required. Otherwise, they did their own raiding and left Fanning to oe his. = The principal muster grounds of the Harnett Tories were o a 4 | ee and his patrio The British way and camped for the ni : nigh day Mt. Pisgah Church. Back ts in close pursuit. entered Harnett County in the vici ved many years, ders encoun-_ Gaster, Laurence Strodder, | Several more of h Split open by a sabre Duncan Buie died S escaped or were later is command. HARNETT COUNTY IN THE REVOLUTION 29 The next day the British continued their march toward Fay- etteville and Wilmington. Meanwhile, Colonel Thackston, with his small force, was pur- suing Cornwallis, but wisely using the King’s Highway which ran down the east side of the river, thus keeping the river be- tween his command and the British. In describing his march (he avoids the use of the word “re- treat”) through upper Cumberland (Harnett), Cornwallis writes there were practically no provisions along the route of march, and that the inhabitants were in a starving condition. It is interesting to note the Cumberland County tax list for 1780 shows the inhabitants along his route of march listed 3,000 cattle. Taxpayers being notably poor of memory at listing time, the swamps and back country must have been filled with cows standing practically rump to head. On July 29, 1781, Colonal Duncan Ray with 10 or 12 High- landers cross the Cape Fear just above Buie’s Creek at the old McAllister road ferry. They marched down the east bank to Sproul’s Ferry (later McNeill’s Ferry), took the ferry which had been tied up on the Whigs’ side of the stream and moved over _ the rest of Ray’s command, about 60 or 70 men. A half-mile from the ferry stood Sprowl’s Tavern. Ray’s men surrounded the place. What followed is described by J. Rand of Wake County in a letter to Governor Burke dated July 30, 1781, as printed in the State records: “Upon their first approach they shot down Andrew Beard, a good and zealous friend to his country, whom they left pros- trate in the yard until this morning. When our people buried him, he appeared to be cut in several places in the arms. I ob- serve this as it appears to me to be a wanton act of barbarity, as this man and a Mr. Travis of Cross Creek, unfortunately hap- pened to be passing the place. “After plundering Sproal of all his horses, a quantity of salt, his own and the buckles out of his wife’s shoes, cutting the wag- ons to pieces, etc., they returned over the river carrying off Sproal, his wife and family, Travis and several poor people in the neighborhood. In short they left no living soul on the place. After getting over they turned the flat down stream and left Mrs. Sproal and the negroes some distance in the woods. “Besides this, another party of about a hundred mounted men was seen on an old road to the ferry some 16 miles away. “Colonel Folsome through the night has collected about 20 men and expects to be about 100 strong when all are joined. All he can do is rest on the defensive until he has enough force to cross the river. He requests the earliest assistance of your Ex- MLE COS Fee AF MERI A Sit aE i > was at stake. He rushed anning with 500 men was right “ - “Clear yourselves horses aw militia levies, Th, g and took off, carr ying their prisonerg arith thon aes . en ze, they got Over their panic and camp- HARNETT COUNTY IN THE REVOLUTION 31 Willoughby Spence now lives. They posted sentinels at the river and began preparation for a feast. About this time the sentinels at the river, spotting some of the Tories, began firing at them and were fired back at with good will. Again panic seized Hinton’s men. They fled up the Atkins road leading to Wake County, this time leaving their prisoners behind. When they reached a point about where the present Buckhorn road turns off from 15A, they halted and formed a line of battle. Meanwhile, their deserted prisoners had been having a con- ference. They had not been paroled or released. If they should be captured again, they would be immediately shot. They decided their prudent course was to follow their late captors. This they did but when Hinton’s men saw their running forms through the trees, they imagined it was the dreaded Fanning coming and they took off again, never stopping until they reached the Wake County line. Next day, their tour of duty up—they went home. Their late prisoners chased them another mile or so and gave up in disgust and out of wind. A running man is a poor match for a running horse. Such was the so-called Battle of Indian Branch—a thing of much noise, which wasn’t even a battle, and all the shooting was done miles from the branch. There were no listed casualties un- less you count the three luckless Tories supposedly hanged by Hinton’s men on Italy Hill above Lillington. On August 14, Colonels Ray, McDougald and Capt. Hector MeNeill (son of Archie and Jennie Bahn) headed their forces toward Cross Creek to make prisoners of the men then in Court Session. Up at Averasboro, Capt. Alexander Avera received intelligence of this movement. Mounting his swiftest horse, he galloped down the King’s Highway on the east side of the river, Crossed the river at Beaseley’s Crossing above Fayetteville and Pounded into Cross Creek. He unceremoniously dashed into the Courtroom, bawling: “Gentlemen! Hear me! Fanning is on his way here to take you prisoners.” It is said that never before, or since, has the Cumberland Courthouse cleared so quickly and completely. Despite Avera’s Warning, several of them were captured before they could get out of town. Avera was among those who escaped. The Tories hung around Cross Creek several days, robbing, Plundering, burning and destroying what they called “Rebel Property.” It was on this raid they captured Thomas Hadley, member of a zealous Whig family, and staked him out in a swamp, a prey to insects. Poor Hadley’s bleached bones were found months later. —_ ase ———— ' ie ji a i a a By; i | 3 2 THEY PASSED THIS Way Raiding courts i i ee Coe a specialty with Fanning’s forces. They at Pittsboro in Chatham County and then as . y raided Hillsboro and made off of North Carolina, and many The ilmi minke Yy were taken t+ pt. John McLean (of McLean’s Mill) and ieee Re ER re he kept most of his prisoners. » another of Archie’s and Jennie B From Folsome’s miles. But John MecNei h A > ¥ ead was slit Open by one of th e attackers Culp W ade and sev the Tories plundered Fanning been available at this time River countr 5 reco Creek Berne Vvering from woun But he was in the Deep ds received in the Cane HARNETT COUNTY IN THE REVOLUTION 33 stayed out of Harnett during this raid of revenge, confining their operations to what is now Moore and Hoke territory. Maybe they were hesitant to tackle the Tory big wheels. Right after this raid, Culp himself was murdered. After the war, Colonel Wade had John McNeill tried for his life for his part in the affair at Piney Bottom. However, McNeill put Colonel Folsome on the stand and proved he was at Folsome’s home until sundown. The jury promptly r possible, they said, for a ma Bottom in the time stated. “Cunning John.” ; | But John McNeill did make that ride. He practically had lived in a saddle all his life. Arch McDougald and John’s brother, Daniel knew he made it; they were at Piney Bottom with him. But they were in Nova Scotia when John was tried. McDougald returned in later years. He is buried at Cameron’s Hill, near the present village of Spout Springs. Marion McDaniel knew McNeill made the ride, but she wasn’t called as a witness. McNeill returned her piece of stolen cloth the day following the Piney Bottom incident. Now she could have her dress. It should have been a thing of wonder too. Fif- teen men died on account of it! These occurrences marked the turn of events in the Harnett area. In October of that year while the bands played, “The World is Turned Upside Down,” Cornwallis surrendered his British Army at Yorktown. Major Craig abandone eturned a not guilty verdict. It was im- n to ride from Folsome’s to Piney From then on MeNeill was called d Wilmington in November and sailed away. But Fanning still remained as a menace. However, he, too, left North Carolina in 1782. Now the Cape Fear Country could lick its wounds and set about rebuilding its way of life. Men Identified As Being From What Is Now Harnett County Who Served in the Revolution Vouchers in Department of Archives and History, Ral- eigh, N. C. : U. S. Pension Lists, Washington, D.C. Colonial and State Records Cumberland County Records Nore: Unless otherwise indicated, all served in the Cumberland County Militia. Name N nee A é Ica Atkins, In Moore’s Creek enjamin Atkins Campaign James Atkins Capt. Alexander Avera, In John Atkins Moore’s Creek Campaign SOURCES: 34 THEY PASSED THIS WAY Name Thomas Avera William Avera James Aikens William Anderson Corporal Consider Bushee, Rhode Island Continental Line Mark Broom Michael Blocker Capt. Daniel Buie, Died on prison ship at Wilmington Duncan Buie, Wounded by Tarleton Lt. Bedreddon Carroway James Carroway John Carroway Daniel Clark David Clark John Clark John Campbell Abraham Carter Lt. Richard Creech Daniel Cameron Allen Cameron James Christian, Army of Revolution William Cutts Capt. Robert Cobb, In Moore’s Creek Campaign David Dodd Capt. Arthur Donnely Francis Donnely John Dobbins James Dobbins Capt. Thomas Dobbins Lt. George Draughon Edward Everage George Evans Joseph Edwards, In Moore’s Creek Campaign Ephraim Faulkner John Faulkner Francis Faulkner, In Moore’s Creek Campaign Col. Ebenezer Folsome, In Moore’s Creek Campaign Israel Folsome Isaac Folsome Joseph Guest Capt. Joshua Guest William Goodrich Name John Green Capt. Philemon Hodges William Hodges, Continental Line Alexander Johnson Francis Jones Thomas Killen George Killen Capt. Neill McCrainey Daniel McCrainey Anguish McDougald Major Alexander McDonald, Cumberland County Minute Men Archibald McDougald Alexander McDougald Hardy Matthews John Matthews Joseph Matthews Jacob Matthews Sgt. Alexander Morrison Lt. Mark Myatt _ Jesse Moore, In Moore’s Creek Campaign Nathan Prince Jacob Parker Joseph Peoples, Captured by Tarleton : Robert Phillips Richard Plummer, Rhode Is- land Continental Line Edward Roberson Young Ryal William Roberson Duncan Ray John Ray James Reardon, Served in Maryland Militia Walter Rand Neill Shaw Daniel Shaw, Shot by Tories Col. David Smith John Spears, Revolutionary Army Robert Scoggins, Continental Line John Small, Captured by Tar- leton Peter Stansell (Stancil), N. C. Line HARNETT COUNTY IN THE REVOLUTION 35 Name William Sproal, In Moore’s Creek Campaign Levi West, Drummer in Continental Line Lt. William West Name Lawrence Strodder, Captur- ed by Tarleton Neill Smith Frances Smith, In Moore’s Creek Campaign Harnett Men in War of 1812 Called To Service At Wilmington, N. C., September 29, 1814—Never Got Into Action Note: These men are listed because of a popular tendency to disregard the War of 1812 in this area. Source: N. C. State Records Cumberland County Records 1st CUMBERLAND REGIMENT Privates Thomas H. Massey John McKenzie Neill McNeill Philip McRae Allen Northington Officers Capt. Archibald McCrainie Ist Lt. Daniel Shaw 2nd Lt. John Shaw Ensign John Hodges Privates William Nunnery Jesse Bethea Malcolm Patterson Neill Buie Angus oo Rowland Faulkner Aaron Searcy E. Folsome Samuel Searcy James Sorrell Heh Ge els Frederick Yarborough Drury Massey 2ND CUMBERLAND REGIMENT Privates Murdoch McLeod Archibald McGregor Duncan McDougald Asa Matthews John Morrison Hardy Parker Ica Parker Archibald Patterson Asey Pearson George Searcy Lemuel Searcy William Smith Jonathan Smith James Stewart Henry Urquhart Norman Urquhart William Watson Officers Capt. John Burt 2nd Lt. Murdoch Ochiltree Privates John Avery Young Blanchet James Cameron James Christian Malcolm Clark Levi Ennis John Evans John Johnson Tapley Johnson William Kennedy James Killen John Knight Dunean McLean Hugh McLean CHAPTER VI FLORA McDONALD AND JENNIE BAHN McNEILL No history of Harnett County would be complete without men- tion of two of its more famous women residents: somber-eyed Flora McDonald and red-headed Jennie Bahn McNeill. Yet in the Colonial Records of North Carolina, and in the records of Cumberland County and of Anson County, no men- tion of either of these great women by name can be found. As far as those records are concerned, neither ever existed. Let’s take Flora McDonald first. She occupies a place in Scot- tish annals comparable to that of George Washington in our own history. Many books have been written about her life in Scotland and her brief stay in North Carolina. Barely is one book cold before another is hot off the press. And each succeed- ing writer points out the errors of his predecessor—then pro- ceeds to grow a brand new crop of his own. Flora McDonald’s life in Scotland is too well known to be dealt with here. Just as a memory refresher: she was the daring young lady who was the main character in effecting the escape of ——— Bonnie Prince Charles after his_disastrous defeat~at~Culloden Moor in 1746. For aiding him in his escape from his English enemies, Flora pulled a short sentence in the grim old Tower of London, where Sir Walter Raleigh spent his-last days before being beheaded. Because Prince Charles was much in the public eye, Flora shared in his publicity. However, to her fellow Scots she was either famous or notorious, depending on whether they liked or loathed her. People then were pretty much as they are now. Human na- ture has changed very little through the years. As for the Bonnie Prince—that unmannerly lout never even had the grace to thank Flora for risking her life and reputation for him. Beyond a simpering, “I trust we shall meet again in the royal palace,” there is no record of an expression of appre- ciation on his part. And for poor Flora, she lugged around with her all the rest of her life a couple of bedsheets which that cheapskate slept be- tween—mementoes of a great moment of her life. In 1750 Flora married Allan McDonald, and in time they rais- ed a family of five sons and two daughters. With the worsening of economic conditions in Scotland, Allan and Flora sailed for North Carolina in the summer of 1774. They took with them their eldest daughter, Anne, with her hus- FLORA MCDONALD AND JENNIE BAHN MCNEILL 37 band, Alexander McLeod, and their children (names not known) ; two sons, Alexander and James; and eight indentured servants. They landed at Wilmington in August or September of 1774. R. E. Wicker, civil engineer of Pinehurst, N. C., is recognized in America—and perhaps in the world—as the leading authority on Flora McDonald in North Carolina. Over a generation of years he has made an exhaustive—and exhausting—research covering her life and movements during the nearly four years she lived in this state. From that point on this story of Flora McDonald is based on his research. ‘ If we can believe tradition, the McDonalds journey up the Cape Fear to Cross Creek was one grand succession of balls, parties, and just plain celebrations. ! After a short stay in Cross Creek, they removed to Cameron’s Hill in western Harnett. Many people have wondered why they chose to live at such an out-of-way place. The answer is simple. Cameron’s Hill at that time was the junction point of roads that led to the Deep River and to Salem, Averasboro and Fayetteville. A person who lived there could keep up pretty well with happen- ings throughout the Upper Cape Fear section. Nearby was located the important trading post of Marchant John Cameron. There was another reason for the McDonalds going to Cam- eron’s Hil]. Flora had a half-sister, Annabella and her husband Al der McDonald, who lived there. In 1772 Duncan Buie sold to this Alexander McDonald 100 cres on the south side of a hill called Mt. Pleasant, a mile from heen prong of Barbecue Creek. This hill became Cameron‘s Hill a few years later when Allan Cameron purchased it. The Cumberland court minutes of April, 1772, record that: “Alexander McDonald complains that his indentured servant Angus Nicholson disobeys his lawful commands. . gi Court or- qa Nickolson to receive 7 lashes on the bare back with a hickory switch.” ks Evidently Angus was beginning to absorb some of the spirit days. oe erage that Flora and Allan never intended to take up permanent residence at the Hill. They just “visited with Alexander and Annabella while Allan looked around for a choice location. This he found in the lower part of present-day Mont- gomery County, then part of Anson. He bought of Caleb Touch- stone two plantations: one 475 acres, the other 50 acres, and named his new home Killiegrey. This land was located on Cheek’s Creek about one and a half miles northeast of Pekin. The Register of Deeds office of Anson County does not show this transaction. Allan may have followed a practice quite com- mon among the thrifty Scots of that period: The buyer and 96834 38 THEY PASSED THIS WAY seller admitting the transaction in open court, with at least one of the subscribing witnesses present to testify under oath that he witnessed the deal. This method cost neither party anything but it got the transaction on record in the court minutes. The deed could be properly registered, years later, if necessary, when money became more plentiful or further transfer of the property was made. There were good reasons why Allan chose this location in Mont- gomery County. It was a goodly land, pleasant to look upon, for it was rolling country to remind the Scots of their own Hie’lands. And there were plenty of newly arrived Scotsmen in the area, their wrists bearing fresh scars from the Blood Oath they had taken before coming to America. That oath bound them to the King, whereas the Buies, Clarks, Dobbins and others of the Bar- becue-Cameron’s Hill section were not hampered by any such foolishness. They were pro-Whig and said so. Too, the McDonalds had kin folk out there. Nearby lived old Hugh McDonald, Flora’s step-father. Her mother Marion may have been there, too, but this is doubtful. Then there was Soirlee McDonald, along with a township full of McLeods, all of the same mind politically. True, back at Cameron’s Hill they had been nearer tlie center of operations. It was only a short distance to Cross Creek. Barbecue Church was nearby where tradition says Flora wor- : shiped, and this is probably correct. ¢ The house where the McDonalds lived at the Hill has long since gone back to the earth, but the Flora McDonald spring which supplied their water needs still flows. j There are many stories of Flora sitting on a rock by this spring, gazing into the bluish haze of the west, lonely and watching and waiting, waiting for her men folk out there hunting a site for their new home in this bountiful land where they hoped to live happy and peaceful lives. And even then, up in New England, dark clouds shot through with lightning flashes were boiling over the sky. War! No records have been found to indicate when Flora and Allan moved from Cameron’s Hill to Killiegrey. A letter dated J uly 3, 1775 from the Safety Committee at Wilmington is addressed to Allan McDonald of Cumberland County. This would indicate Allan was still at the Hill. ‘The Committee wanted to know if he intended raising troops for service against America. In 1784 Allan filed a claim with the British government for damages sustained while in America. It is this claim that told of the lands he purchased in Montgomery County. In it he stated that the income from a grist mill on one of the tracts kept his FLORA MCDONALD AND JENNIE BAHN MCNEILL 89 family in food. This would show the McDonalds moved there too ] in 1775 to start a crop. mene 20, 1776 the General Assembly refers to Allan Mc- Donald as being a resident of Anson County. So sometime after July 3, 1775 Allan and Flora set up their new home at Killiegrey on Cheek’s Creek. In the meantime, their daughter Anne and her husband Alex- bought a home they called Glendale. It was aaa Gee between present-day Pinehurst and oe the dreaded summons to war. On Jan. 10, 1776 Royal Governor Martin ae ye te McDonald, late- n, to raise a loyalist arm 7. 2 Team nee ae one can believe some writers, Flora sental her time haranguing Highlanders, inspecting troops an at ing parades. That she was a powerful factor in the eae a } 5 loyalists there is no question, but a Jot ON So attribute i eriod are just that—s — etapa ee many Highlanders and quite : pe of the old-time Regulators rallied to the King’s age Sart i vane Hill near Carthage for the march to Cross Creek. e fe : landers used their time-honored method of raising 138 ey dipping burning crosses in goat’s blood to extinguish ea oa sending riders bearing the charred crosses in all direc is Gy) summon the clansmen to the rallying point on this hill near Car- : e the name Cross Hill. i nti TRIS eeR they would be sent to Nova Scotia to be formed into regiments for service against the Helse in New England. By the time they arrived at Cross Cree 5 ot sate evident that they would probably have to fight their way ou 0 North Carolina and, in many instances, fight their aly ors and kinsmen. This was more than they had bargained or. roll call each morning whole companies would be on the missing list. x i i Alexander and James, Allan McDonald along with his sons, f and with his son-in-law, Alexander McLeod, had been issued officer’s commissions. In spite of their efforts and those of other , he army continued to melt away. : eee ieee devnerationt General Donald McDonald issued orders for the remainder of his army, now down to 1500 men, to ilmington. ( , pes eee what followed at the Widow Moore’s Creek on i 9 into a well-prepared F 27, 1776. The Highlanders marched in ake ay in the massacre that followed, many of them were cap- tured and the rest scattered through the woods. Allan and his 40 THEY PASSED THIS Way son Alexander were captured, but his son James and Alexander McLeod escaped. Allan was jailed at Halifax, N. C., for a while before being transferred to Philadelphia and later to Reading, Pa. In a letter to a friend he plaintively wrote: “To walk on foot the length of Philadelphia is what I can never do.” But he did. After being kicked around from one bull pen to another, he was finally paroled to New York, where he arranged for the exchange of himself and his son in Aug. 1777. Meanwhile, the confiscation Act of 1777 had been passed, and Flora McDonald Was among the first to be ejected from her home. All the McDonald Possessions at Killiegrey were confiscated save a few articles. Flora then moved over to the County, where she could be near her daughter, Anne, Her new home was on Nick’s Creek near the head of Chandler’s Upper Pond on land owned by Kenneth Black, about three miles from Anne’s home. It was here she and, presumably, her son James lived until March, 1778, when her son-in-law, now Major Alexander Mc- Leod, arrived under a flag of truce to take his wife and family and Flora and her son to New York. Flora lived in New York for a short while before following Allan to Nova Scotia, where he was stationed with his regiment. She was in London in 1779 and back in Scotland the next year. She died on the Isle of Skye March 4, 1790, and was buried with Allan’s kindred at Kilmuir. Sept. 20, 1792, Allan died and was buried at the same place. Flora McDonald was one of the unluckiest women of history. Misfortune dogged her steps all the days of her life. Even in death she was denied anormal burial. A violent_storm began to fragments. Cross, which despoilers found too tough to handle, for it is still Jennie Bahn Contemporary with Flora McDonald was another storied wo- man who lived in the Harnett area. She was Jennie Bahn Mc- Neill, born Janet Smith, daughter of J ohn Smith, a lowland Scot, and his wife Margaret Gilchrist, who died on the voyage to America in 1739. John Smith died sometime before 1754 and is buried on the land he owned across the river almost opposite Wade Station. — > FLoRA MCDONALD AND JENNIE BAHN MCNEILL Al ith the letters J S i i rked by a rough stone slab wi ane eased He had a son Malcolm, who seems to have i i + of his father’s estate. MC HSER as born about 1720 and was probably married to Archibald McNeill shortly before, or around, ae. paieiine 7 tional accounts, Janet was small iy stature f eee ae hair and a fair complexion, char ; irae tise her descendants. Her Scottish neighbors i i annie the Fair. EAH al aeecaee ee ee cal aden McNeill and his wife Margaret Johnstone, was a man who liked to take es a easy that he was known as Archie Scorblin oar ie ae meaning insignificant, below standard, aaa ey cea blin’, it seemed, enjoyed hanging around his as aby Sei the children he sired and Ji ae op bore. ere 5 en sons and two daughters. a eure Behav driving J one ea spe es ee as fa ieseendirend rot! fe Ea Shedst she drove pends ho market at Cross Creek and, on occasion, as far as Aa pea ee sad Her surveying methods were original, if no . i d by so many i method of measuring lan ‘ettotahe Hag She would send a slave to walk a certain direction until she rang a large bell. At the ae sa Lael was to travel another direction. By this me iene rt eo close large tracts which did not satisfy her a or: pecan Mie DL tah pana of Cumberland i bably true, for in v mb ee cule seed call her blessed when the suits began hitting the Sao the land grant office at Raleigh and ee records at Fayetteville do not once mention the ae et Lae markable woman. The tracts she acquired by pa a i oe ed in the names of her husband and children. In ater y hee son, Malcolm, was to spend much time in litigation over “cowbell surveyed”’ tracts. abi a deer pinta ed ar i Il of Jennie Bahn driving herds 10 ees te ne as rt ean og ge isa Ate exe it en route to ta t mhatongceteece ee on a drive to Petersburg aa oe He ried to buy some from a waysi 2 3 eerie eS Jennie Bahn ilies ae dees taken R . . e i her hungry cattle into his hay m pete lela oy nanan tax records show husband roti seni listing 500 cattle. Allowing a 3 to 1 lapse of memory ra Se a Fe Aa = = SOT Aa a EO ann oe Ss c———arerertarnrmrrarraseasters { |} Hl 42 THEY PASSED THIS WAY at listing time, this would indicate a combined herd of 1500. That’s still a lot of cows! There is much evidence to show that Jennie Bahn did visit Philadelphia and that she did meet and admire Benjamin Frank- lin, who could be quite a party man when occasion required. Be that as it may, there has been a Benjamin Franklin in the McNeill and collateral family generations ever since her trips to Penn- sylvania. } Jennie Bahn did not confine her land acquiring to taking up vacant land. She bought the Sprowl Ferry property, later Mc- Neill’s Ferry, by a neat bit of psychology, along with some cash. She dropped in on William Sprowl one day shortly after the Tory raid on the ferry in 1781 when Andrew Beard was killed. Sprowl and his wife had been roughly handled by the raiders, and from current reports, he could expect another raid almost any time. Naturally, he was unhappy. He was homesick for his native Scotland—or even Philadelphia where his brother lived. Jennie could talk to him fluently about both places—and did. Then she touched on the unsettled conditions in the Cape Fear country and how worthless property was becoming. When she left, Sprowl was blubbering and Jennie Bahn was sobbing her commiseration. But she had a signed option on his place at a figure far less than its real worth. Poor Sprowl never got back to his native Scot- land, or even Philadelphia. Shortly after selling the ferry lands he mas murdered. It is not to be implied that Jennie Bahn spent all her time out on the range. She was a good wife and mother but the driving force in her never allowed her to take things easy. There is an old song in the Valley that runs: “Upstairs, downstairs, Jennin Bahn the weaver.” If we take this song literally it would imply that her home was two storied. Her family lived at various times in several locations. During the Revolution they lived at the old home place on Anderson Creek. It was here the British seized her saddle horse when a forage party passed by. Jennie Bahn went out to bid farewell to her horse. As she caressed the animal she stealthily ran her fingers up its neck and slipped off the bridle. “Git, you beast!’ she shouted, slapping it with the reins. The mare took off at full speed. “Catch her if you can,” Jennie Bahn told the soldiers. They didn’t. On another occasion she was in the kitchen preparing a meal. There was company visiting them that day. Jennin Bahn reach- ed for a skillet on the fireplace. y “Law! Mis’ Jennie!” shrieked the cook. “Don’t use dat pan. De dog’s been eatin’ out’n it!” FLORA MCDONALD AND JENNIE BAHN MCNEILL 43 “Shucks!’ was the retort. ‘This isnt quality we’re cooking for. Th i enough for them.” : mies ane ae of Hoe she divided her sons during the Revo- lution, placing three in the American army and three in the British. One son, Archibald, was killed as a child by falling fro: ‘ ; Apacniekare of her sons, Lauchlin, Neill, Cunning John, Nova Scotia Daniel and Leather-Eye Hector served at eno: times With the Loyalist forces, Malcolm did serve a short stretch in the Cumberland militia and was county sheriff for one term os ing the war, but in the early days of the war he was indicted for urging one of the Treadway boys to join the King’s forces. ne It has already been explained how Cunning John receive i : Name. Daniel got his by removing to Nova Scotia at the en i the war. Hector wore a piece of black leather over the soc u from which the eye had been gouged in a furious fight with, o all people, his father-in-law to be, one Barksdale. his Barksdale didn’t like Hector for beans. Least of all did he like him mooning around his daughter Susanna, and told him So. In the fight that followed, Barksdale beat Hector, but Hec- tor was a persistent cuss. He came back a second time and woes dale licked him again. The third fight was a lulu. This was the One in which Hector lost his eye. In retaliation, he bit off the tip of Barksdale’s nose. He then married Susanna and they had a fami i ildren. : Bore eran were two of the outstanding Tory leaders during the war. While Daniel fled to Nova Scotia, Jennie po and Archie, through powerful connections, managed to save their €states from confiscation and to quash any charges against their other sons save Cunning John, who came free, after trial. Sometime after the war Jennie Bahn and Archie moved Wp gam Other of their homes on the lower side of Lower Little River Near “The Sandhills,” the seat of the McCormick family in Cum- berland County. Here they lived the rest of their lives. J ae Bahn died in 1791 and Archie Scorblin’ in 1801. They are burie in th McNeill cemetery. Rea mon would not be the same today if the versatile Jennie Bahn and the famous Flora McDonald had not passed this Way. CHAPTER VII OLD AVERASBORO 3 Sometimes too 3 , the ble Ms sprawled in the dust or mad eaccaea He was hauled before the minister, However, the Averasboro and its lively ¢j eee Saat s y itizens, Saahie inquired, ‘h ] * Ow ong have you lived in poled the minister, ght you’ve had since living there?” 45 OLD AVERASBORO in a purple haze of tradition, dimly seen in tattered fragments of ancient records. Its sturdy people, with their ambition, daring and occasional downright deviltry, too, are gone. _ There in that grove of beeches and oaks they lie in the leveling influence of marked and unmarked graves. Ofttimes side by side will lie gentlemen and gamblers, scholars and skinflints, rogues, rascals and Men of God. There are soldiers, sailors and heroes, barroom brawlers and churchgoers of stout heart and saintly mien. Men and women of high quality—and some not so high— lie there in the peaceful shade. All are gone but their brave hearts live on. They were the Averasboro that was. The early days of Averasboro are not distinct, sharply drawn Or complete. They are largely legendary, and a legend as defined by a venerable old Negro is: “Somep’n that wuz but ain’t.” The vanished records of ancient Barbecue Church are said to Claim a settlement existed there as early as 1729, and that it was Called Averyville. Yet the first recorded Avera or Avery—they Spelled it both ways—doesn’t show up in the area until 1766. Whence came the early name, Averyville? Back of all this smoke of tradition is at least some fire of fact. Shortly after 1700 the mouth of the Cape Fear River harbored a devil’s den of pirates, who made swift, slashing raids on coast- Wise and West Indies-bound shipping. Tradition has it that one of these pirate-privateers was a Captain John Avery of Dela- Ware. They became an insupportable burden. Weary of paying toll to such freebooters, the South Carolina indigo and rice planters organized an expedition against them. In 1719 in a bloody battle off the present town of Southport, the South Carolinians permanently liquidated many of these wreckers, robbers and rogues of the high seas. According to our Own Colonial Records, “Some were killed outright, others were taken to Charleston and after proper Tryall were hanged as Fitt. Some escaped up ye River to ye Interior of ye Provynce.” Again we fall back on tradition, for it is said that among those who fled up the river were members of the pirate crew of Captain John Avery. That raiding rascal himself escaped and returned to his home at Avery’s Rest on the Delaware River. There he lived to a ripe old age and probably died in the full certitude of the salvation of his sinful soul. Certain it is that when the Legion of Restless Men and the following wave of permanent settlers came up the river in the 1730's, they found many streams and prominent landmarks al- ready named by men living there. This is proved by land de- Scriptions in the early land grants. It is possible that some of these ex-pirates did settle in the area and called their settlement Averyville in memory of their core Y could get information from chance wayfarers as to goings on in th probably many did, take India the nearby present day River. This is suppositi On June 4, 1740, John that Averasboro was lat the lower part of the tr; They could, and Nn Wives. This might account for oatan Indians on Black ed a grant for the land er to stand on. On a branch draining act he built a grist mill. His neighbor, rom their residence on the what all the shouting was n laid out in 1756 and ran Tt was a section made for OLD AVERASBORO 47 stores! Why that practically made it a city, at least in the eyes Te ae ee ti and for the next five of the Revolution, : i y' Ren et had no time for anything except just ear: Re raes e le had time to take stock. i f the war the peop Mia : ae cee were destroyed, fields ee aes de han eaeabed the raiders wandered untended. WwW a Tae e hee again and order was Bast a en aes It ee * little time to pe ae ei age ae tei ae ller ri eary 0. ; Caen ee a his stomach Cages anaes toe ue etree ae to the pillory before severing them. yes rer tt j f normalcy and prosperity, i rn of a fair degree 0 0 ; | rity, With ae eae again turned their Sree to eee Us itt ; the northwest lay the lush lands of the Ree ng pe i r outlet to market than the rough roa A gree Pal ebuRaIOn the north and Charleston to eee : Le uae aie at Smilie’s and Buckhorn had ‘ oa Me ae “Mean they engaged heatedly in the controversy ean i itol. j ane a Ee Ce that Averasboro lost the loca: er j been found to support this i . No evidence has ane ne a ig ere the junction of the Deep end Hemi wuuesaeees and this may have given rise to the as Ee the west side of the Cape Fear i , people on est i an e ee a a thdllceaaon of the capitol ina broom: pecse nee in Wake Cour ty. Even today, it is claimed, it was 2 yes ee oe hes eat duggery. They a ey i eis ace i 1 by the hospita -Wal Nets art or eee nia their scattered faculties, they gates. g itol. d had lost the fight for the capi ae be ere een aa laid the failure to the fact exande ished. They went to work i t properly establis : be ape i a eM icaeetulatire of 1791 ordered ne toy ne oeeee be laid off on 120 acres of land donated by verasbur “Or 1 ees t i es, David pa emt a commissioners were Philemon Hodges, m V ili d. Smith, Willia Avera, Robert Draughon and William Ran : 1 2 > laces ! ; : we ee an inland port with ships drows- n their m ) i isioned ing at their anchorages like sleepy cows in pens. They v | . Parallel with the Atlantic Coai 48 THEY PAssEp THIS Way the power of Smilie’s Falls harnessed to f mentally created a city of wide streets lined and beautiful homes. They were under no illusions. One fact stood out clearly: in order to make their dreams come true they must first tame the turbulent river and make it navigable In 1792 the Cape Fear Compan pose. From existing records it a little except to make some prelimi actory wheels, and with business houses y was organized for this pur- Ppears this company did very nary surveys. trading center, above the town, i boats in time of high water, Week by week the canal Elizabeth Stewart’s lowgrounds, by Willi and the lonely rock which w j ins, the Summer home of that Man of Mystery, Ferquard Campbell Up on Long Island where stands begins a rock ridge. Ward and roughly ist. Its trail ig clearly marked where 49 OLD AVERASBORO ll Line, it is called, giving i f water. The Fa a eivine it oes perce: the J ee a Panes ey us the oe i i hward unti ME ie eee ee ae defined ridges: one at Buckhorn, the where y : Mire eee meas Tee ate of softer trae oe ; 3 : ens Lae ee through it without too much trouble rock an Note Oe is ridge it stopped like a small half- ge i eee Ree, ise wasn’t the soft rock of Buckhorn. n . This This su wa ae ee Rar and even made nee ae Sabena oh: their CT ea pits had misse fase Et dee on both sides by a matter of es Be, me ote Tene day of gunpowder. ee Seay Rear eer whet is rock. y rough this har Pieler oe open that time there would be statues dynamite ha ees ae : a oe Valley admitted defeat - cian ine entree: and set about rescuing wha y nter 1a | from th Hae Dee edicts along the river, the ai Fae eee aa Chatham were busy selling out the Hie i reditors. unfornate ee ee ee Oeeaanee thoughts ane ee | Sy . Today ieee ae és er anton from Me Uae a ington ivi in Georgia, ‘ vances ate Hes their ancestry to Averasboro and even Sou ! in thei th the heparan a beating in their first fight wi n a beating , a capi els Br and others adel not ea y aera ie knee, so to speak, and too pe panne bani a r the constant prodding of Arc s ee weit ena eiorial ees Ne ate So ae Wd i a1 ame a See ee a eet canals of the state and report on vey of the : tta was Fre i ened. The steamboat Henrie ( aban eka: ie Cape Fear from Fayetteville to making reg : j eae of Averasboro (it had anne. Sams Me ee Ri hook their heads to cle A ae Be PE ae Rit, their feet. They were ready for roun cobwebs a i ded ae i ade his report later in 1819. He Grate ee ae ee ea Fox Island (below Lillington) a canal run i He also advised a series of locks and dams on the river instead of using sluices, jetties and canals. and dams were begun at various points along the river. At Buck- horn two sets of locks were constructed to hand] feet of fall at that point, The very first time they were tried they buckleq under pregs- ure of the water and were Swept away. At this same time the river decided to go on a rampage—and it did. It took out the locks and dams still under construction like they had been some- thing children would play with in a branch. This time the while those who remained sought to do their best with what was left. cademy and in 1815 a Pres- The people of the Borough, boats, Fayetteville became the ma. Customers came by em. building of a railroad from Wilmington to Weldon. Other roads were being projected to Greensboro, to Charlotte and other points. The Fayetteville boys y OLD AVERASBORO 51 d construction started ill i nty were dusted off and ¢ aa 48 ee ae iho was better engineering. The gon were atte rock and the locks were more substantially con- Peer A project involved the construction es eae pods Pane in all is ee at ine ne MEER nee i feet long, } 1 a ae ae eee placed on pine stringers and we Rete cd with sand, thus making it unnecessary to use nails Ww ds in place. 2 aise Cee, and Aha ees ee anata ee ted and place un 3 2 a nae pe and the thrifty Scots, who Bed pees hee yd structed by-pass roads around the toll ouses. Sn rare 2 located a short distance west of Cameron’s oy benicar Nothing now eens of the toll house, bu me s . . . : . " still discernible. 8 me uae pnts pe tinted to Bethania veveud Hehe Hig ‘on trains were rolling down from the hi aoe : a aaa It was reported 20,000 wagons use 0 i 1854. i road during that year of ante Hla aatt pean ie i j as the construction ae pain i though western Harnett to the Deep eee eee This road was completed to MclIver’s Sas oe Me ean cial mine just as the War Between the Statees eo ae i Spring Hill church, saw the d, who lived near a ee Tee after it was unloaded at er eae ait to get home with this amazing news. Nex fs i Manian ae ad the news of this wonderful steam cae : ee a eae Poor Joe was promptly suspended from ran a - church rolls for lying! and dams on the river. ee Cana by Northern contractors. Dungin, e . James Watts of Maryland cle een fee netana an experienced construction Mircorinas st mostly carpenters and blacksmiths. ree rae hat ely used. These workmen were ea re y Cae ee were many Italians, Hungarians an 0. er ‘ i ish. ra en ge a n item 1 j i the telegraph wires ‘e e has just come in over eee baa ree oti of 125 Germans from ME as on oe Taare to work on the locks and dams. m aes Atkins dam and lock were being built above Lilling- i 52 THEY PASSED THIS WAY ton, the Italian laborers had their camp on a nearby hill. Today it is still called Italy Hill. Naturally, Averasboro prospered from all this added river activity. It was the town’s high water mark that day in 1856 could carry upwards of 40 tons. About this time the sheriff of Harnett County had some mis- understanding with the navigation company about a little matter of taxes. In 1857 he levied on the Fox Island lock and dam and sold the whole to the highest bidder, Tailor Hugh McLean, for 25 dollars! The matter was finally adjusted. Shortly before the beginning of the W the Cape Fear went on another rampage a at reconstruction. However, the dams a up so that John Colvin could carry on hi transport his iron pigs upriver to the After the war was over the entire y to engage in another battle with the river. Post war Averasboro began a slow decline. It still had its school and churches, its business houses on a smaller scale, blacksmi gins. But the town seemed lifeless for t tion lay heavy on its shoulders, Then came the days of the Ku Klux Klan. Averasboro area thundered with the hoof beats ing white hooded and shrouded riders, r had nearly disappeared. Then came the day of the Great Betra that an informer had wormed hi bove Battle’s were kept S mining operations and pper Valley was too poor Once again the of horses carry- estoring law where law OLD AVERASBORO 53 ing of the railroad sounded the death knell for the see Tis | Raph ce houses and people began aes OM ean of them locating in a little village called Lucknow, ate es 2 the east. Even its cherished Masonic lodge, ee i ae there in 1888. By then, George Grantham had Bae une ¢ back platform of a railroad passenger car and proclaime a no more Lucknow—only Dunn. sen ales R. Richardson, Editor of the Dunn Sign- i ditorial advised the re- town’s first newspaper, in an e pane ae board of town commissioners they should do rons thing about pulling the stumps from Lucknow uel na moving fallen logs from the main street of the town! ake 7. The old must go. ee aes old town of Averasboro. But its brave aoe still lives on in its children who have made other towns what they are today. CHAPTER VIII A writer once described the people of Harnett as follows: “There are gentlemen and scholars, elders and deacons among them; roughnecks, drunks and cardplayers, too. “They have been good soldiers and some of them heroes, othe goldbrickers,. They have ha have acted most foolishly. “They have had distilleries and barrooms wh and bootleggers when it didn’t. “Occasionally, they have shot one another for good cause—or no cause at all. They have never taken a beating lying down, and they get up most unexpectedly. “They have left undone the things the done the dangdest things instead. is worst of them and bad blood in the best.” icklers for their rights. If they n—look out! This trait goes back—way back. Read the petition of the freeholders of Cum- berland County, dated 1757: “To the Governor, Council & Afsembly of the Province of North Carolina: “We, the persons listed have been much opprefsed and injured by some of those in authority among us. In particular Thos. Armstrong and Will: Dawson whom we look upon as the cause en the law allowed, this. They are a disgrace to the Bench and selves unfit to sit upon it. “May it please your Exe dayly increasing and hope you will vent further evile acts.” The petition is signed by 97 persons, 6 Harnett area. It is a matter of regret grievances in the petition. Among the Harnett signers were: David Smith, hewgh Smith, Dushee Shaw THE FORMATION OF HARNETT COUNTY 55 i i C pied letter for let- lling of the names of the signers are co poe fe patention is called to the last name. Whoever it was, lived i iver. , eae date of 1757, Harnett citizens were unhappy aboutibellis oppressed in some manner and wanted relief, quick- Stee the ministers of the gospel ran afoul of these ese ee early settlers in Harnett. Rev. John McLeod who preac is s Barbecue from 1770 until 1776 said, “I would pe oes o the most polished and fashionable congregation in Edinburg i ritical carls of Barbecue. ‘ PSE ae the ire of the “little critical carls of See was Rev. McLeod’s tendency to stray from the printed ee 4 the text : They took their religion straight and read their ibles plain. did these men of Barbecue, and were quick to criticize any deviation. : 2A8 oF heights of indignation a: le of Harnett rose to new PERF in 1765 when the county seat was moved on Choeffenington, near Linden, to the recently established tra ing ail at Cross Creek. This added 20 miles and another bet joilatep on their trips to court. From that time on the Hope and grumbling of most of the settlers above Lower Little Rive d ry hand. SING eed ee Taiepened it could always a Dae ss Creek, who ran the county a airs to eee a idfofite If there was too much rain, ale Bae suddenly ean dry or the youngest daughter eloped a an itinerant farm hand, blame it on the folks at rosa ras ive ep Folks living in county seats have been 1 ae i time immemorial. ey ax i eee some basis, though, for this attitude of toward Cross Creek. Dinas eee to refer to Cross Creek as a somn of Scottish merchants. Nothing is, or was, more fallacious. os wasn’t more than one Scottish Fee nat epee Coren amen es aire i ishments of Cross Creek, or Fayett , One pe erat ate records and tax lists will prave aie te if thet isn’t enough, a trip through the old parce 2 Gree Creek cemetery will do it. The place is full of id om ; tones relating that the persons buried there were na ne a New York, Connecticut, Pennsylvania and Massachusetts. ol- ] anne ma the ‘Scottish Merchants” of Cross Creek, Be as an Bowel, Lord & Fletcher, J ceive zope ne! e 2 insl , Malette & Emmitt, Coo wards, Wat Payers a a Highlander in the bunch! Diligent sage did turn up a Robert Gillis who may have been a Scotsman ae rae 56 THEY PASSED THIS WAY and a McNeill who ran a grist mill who most certainly was Scot- tish, but these two fall far short of being a community of Scottish merchants. Highlanders do not tend to be merchants. Besides, no true Scotsman would have mulcted his cousins, those “Caledonian clodhoppers from up-country,” as one Cross Creek merchant facetiously called them. : That pent up resentment against the Cross Creek merchants may have been the reason why they were so thoroughly looted by those “up-country Caledonian clodhoppers” when Ray, McDou- gald and Mc Neill raided the town in 1781. After the Revolution’s ruin had somewhat been repaired and life got back on a more or less even keel, talk of forming a new county began to be heard again. Then, in the 1840’s Ben Atkins, who lived near Lillington, shot and killed one of the Manchester McDiarmids at a political gathering near Mamers. Tradition says that until the shooting the politically powerful McDiarmids had been opposed to the erection of a new county. Now they were all for it—if they were “included out.” Just so they were left in Cumberland. They didn’t want to be in the same county with the Atkins family. : Whether the story is true or not, when Harnett was laid off, the line left the natural boundary of Lower Little River néar Mc- Cormick’s Bridge and cut across country, thus leaving the Mc- Diarmids in Cumberland. In 1854 Cornelius Harnett Coffield, who lived between the present towns of Angier and Chalybeate Springs, was elected as the Harnett area representative from Cumberland to the State Legislature. This body met in November, 1854, and Coffield introduced the bill providing for the formation of Harnett County. J. G. Shep- herd, another Cumberland representative who lived in Fayette- ville, bitterly fought the bill—so did the rest of Cumberland County. They liked losing the Harnett section about as much as a man enjoys losing a leg. Nevertheless, the bill was ratified Feb. 7, 1855. It was entitled: “An Act to Lay Off and Establish a New County by the Name of Harnett.” Sec. 1. “Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of North Carolina and it is enacted by the authority of the same that a new county be formed from a portion of Cumberland under the name and style of Harnett, to be bounded as follows: “Beginning at the intersection of the lines of Johnston and Sampson counties on Black Mingo, thence a direct line to the mouth of lower Little River, thence up said river to the bridge at Elliott’s Mills, thence a straight line to the place on the Murchi- THE FORMATION OF HARNETT COUNTY 57 i " vith said line to son Road where Hector’s Creek crosses, thence wi the Moore county line (meaning with said road to Moore County line) thence with said line to the Chatham county line, thence with that to the Wake county line, thence with that to the John- ston County line, thence with that to the beginning.” Following this Act or Chapter comes that of Chapter 9.—which is supplemental to the above quoted and makes provision for the organization of the County of Harnett, its government and its courts and the terms thereof, its officers, its temporary county seat and many other things quite needful in launching forth a new County. i i ivi ithin the territory com- Sec. 1. Authorizes all Justices living within n 1 prising the new County of Harnett, to continue in office and dis- charge the duties pertaining to such office. Sec. 2. Provided alike for all Constables to continue in office and discharge the duties peculiar to the Constabulary. ; i land and Harnett Sec. 3 provided that the counties of Cumber ; shall be patented in the General Assembly as heretofore, until a future General Assembly shall direct and otherwise provide; and all elections for members of Congress and members of both neral Assembly and elections for president and eee ae be held by the Sheriff or other returning officer of Cumberland County, etc. Sec. 4 of said act provided for the holding of the old County Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions, by a presiding and two associate Justices of Peace and designated also the times pnd places of holding the sessions. The times named were the secon Mondays in March, June, September, and December. i jurisdicti he Court of Pleas and Sec. 5 provided for the jurisdiction of t Quarter peels and for the removal of all cases from Cumber- ‘land Courts to the Harnett Courts, where the parties thereto resided in the new County. i tt to have the use Sec. 6 provided for the new County of Harne of the eas jail of Cumberland County until Harnett County should build a jail. td ist hola ec. 7 provided or enacted that George W. Pegram, John ‘ Hei cee James A. Johnson, James P. Hodges, ie ean Ws McKay and Samuel E. Johnson be and they were by sai fe ion of said act appointed to lay off and allot the County on 0 ar nett County within three miles of the geographical con Be Na i power to purchase or take by gift or donation a tr act oO Jan pot less than one hundred acres, to be conveyed to the chalrnan ot the County Court and his successors 1n office, for the use of whic 58 THEY PASSED THIS WAY a town shall be laid off to be called Toomer, and within the limits of which the Court House and other public buildings shall be located and erected. (The geographical center of Harnett is near the home of Lofton McLean of Lillington, Route Two, and is marked with a lightwood stump). When said buildings shall be completed, the courts of the county shall be held there, and the public officers shall keep their respective offices there, and in said section it was further pro- vided that said Commissioners should act in concert with a like number of commissioners appointed by the County Court of Cum- berland to survey and mark the lower or dividing line between Cumberland and Harnett, and to be paid the price of two dollars per diem for time actually engaged. Sec. 8 provided for appointment of five commissioners to lay off the lots of said town, to designate public squares, to expose to sale such lots, retaining such, as in their judgment may be needed for County purpose, for churches and Academies, taking bond for security for the purchase money, etc. Sec. 9 provides that the Sheriff of Cumberland shall have the right to collect arrears of taxes, none to be collected for year 1855 by said Sheriff of Cumberland except the school tax. Section 10 provides for the jurisdiction of the Superior Court of Cumberland of Harnett County capital cases, and equity cases, etc. Sec. 11. Relates to Harnett poor. Sec. 12. Relates to fees due Clerk of Cumberland. Sec. 18. Contains the usual repealing clause of all acts and parts of acts in conflict with this act, Chapter 9 of laws of 1855. The Commissioners named in said Act in conformity with the same, by virtue of the power and authority vested in them, pro- ceeded to select and did select a site for the Court House and other public buildings for the County of Harnett within the vil- lage called Summerville. And the Justices of the Peace in and for the County of Cum- berland within the limits and the lines of the County of Harnett, having on this 11th day of March A.D. 1855 convened within Cumberland Academy, the following Justices being present, viz: Robert Belden, Samuel A. Johnson, A. J. Cameron, D. B. Cam- eron, Duncan McCormick, John McDonald, James Harrington, A. Clark, John L. Atkans, M. McKay, J. Senter, Nathan Douglass, J. W. McKay, A. Cameron, G. W. Pegram, S. Douglass, Stephen Pearson, Matthew Wilder, K. Jones, Daniel Cutts, Joseph Rear- THE FORMATION OF HARNETT COUNTY 59 Norman Matthews, Nathan Tart, E. Stewart, Sean: Wiillam Williams, the same being a majority of the stices ; } a a ee G. W. Pegram was elected Chairman of the Court and James Banks Clerk Pro Tem. Samuel E. John- son, Benjamin Shaw and John L. Atkins were put in nomination for the office of Clerk, and K. Jones and Allan J . Cameron were appointed tellers, and upon a ballot being had Benjamin F. Shaw, having received a majority of the whole votes cast, was oes to be duly elected—who tendered as his securities Angus Shaw, H. M. McLean, Julius Matthews, Eldridge Stewart and J. W. McKay who were approved of RS Court, and qualified and e n the discharge of his duties. Rennes of James A. Johnson and John R. McLean were put in nomination for the office of Sheriff, and upon a ballot being had, James A. Johnson received a majority of the whole number of votes cast and was declared to be duly elected Sheriff and tendered as his securities upon his Bond the names of Tapley Johnson, J. L. Bethea, A. H. Dewar, H. M. Turner and Neill S. Stewart, who were approved by the Court and he qualified and entered upon the duties of his office. John Green qualified as a Magistrate ie be eesti ee ohn A. Spears and Nei cKay were put i pt Beg office of County Solicitor and Neill McKay, having received a majority of the whole number of votes cast, was declared to be duly elected oe qualified and entered upon the discharge of the duties of his office. The names of S. Pearson, J. W. Spence, J. L. Bethea, Robert B. Smith and Hugh McLean were put in nomination for the itt es County Trustee, and John L. Bethea having received a majori y of the whole number of votes cast was declared to be duly electe and tendered as securities the names of John W. McKay, Daniel McCormick and Tapley Johnson, who were approved by Me Court when he qualified and entered upon the discharge of his duties ; The names of John McDonald and Arch Bethea were put in for nomination for the office of County Surveyor ; And Arch Bethea having received a majority of the whole num- r ted and tendered ber of votes cast and was declared to be duly elec as securities the names of John L. Bethea, Hugh McLean, who Were approved by the Court; : On motion, Duncan McLean was appointed Register of Deeds for the County and tendered as his securities Hugh McLean, John Spence and Julius W. McLeod, who were approved of by the County; 60 THEY PASSED THIS WAY On motion, Johnathan Holly was appointed Entry Taker for the County. On motion, amount of the Trustee’s Bond shall be for Twenty Thousand Dollars; On motion, Hector McLean was appointed coroner for the County and tendered as securities Hugh McLean and Arch Mc- Lean, who were approved by the Court; The names of John M. McDonald, John Green, A. S. McNeill, Daniel McCormick, Daniel Cutts, John L. Atkins were put in nomination for Committee of Finances; John Green, A. S. Mc- Neill and Daniel McCormick having received a majority over the whole number of votes cast, were approved. On motion, James T. Reardon was appointed Standard Keeper for this County. This was the first and most harmonious political meeting ever held in Harnett County as such—a regular love feast, so to speak. It was probably the last, if we can rely on the records. It was so harmonious that Whigs voted for Democrats and Democrats for Whigs (the two main political parties of 1855). They even stood as surety for one another! Greater love hath no WON 5 6 os No finer men probably ever lived than the seven appointed by the Legislature to select a county seat for Harnett. They were good, honest, earnest men with the welfare of the county upper- most in their minds. Actually, the site they selected (at Summer- ville) called Toomer, by directive, was and is, a better location for a town than is the land which Lillington now occupies. The ink had barely dried on the first documents at Toomer be- fore the bellyaches and protests poured in. First, some didn’t like the name Toomer. We spend 100 years breaking away from Cumberland and the first thing we do is honor a Fayetteville lawyer by naming our county seat for him, they said. On the East side of the river the complaints were far more vociferous. When the river was up—which it frequently was in those days—the people had to leave their vehicles strung out all the way from where Willoughby Spence now lives down to the river, cross on Atkins’ Ferry and walk, mind you, walk the three miles to the county seat. People hated to walk then as much as they do now. A taxi service from the ferry to Summerville would have made a fortune. i Then, too, a lot of people didn’t like the arbitrary manner in which the jail was built. There was a concerted chorus of, “I told you so’s”, when the first prisoner, George Ferguson, dug his way out through the soft brick and weak mortar as soon as he THE FORMATION OF HARNETT COUNTY 61 got sober enough to stand up. But that soft brick jail stood for nearly 75 years. i Too, ie owners of the land at Summerville, which was to be the county seat site, wanted a reverter clause in the deed. This, the County Commissioners would not accept. So heated became the controversy that the Legislature of 1858- 59 passed an act providing for an election to determine if the County seat should remain where it was or be moved to the pro- Posed site of Lillington. ‘ For site was all Tein was. (It was composed of two build- ings.) Cader Davis lived in a two room house near where Joe P. Smith now lives; and a free negro, named John McLean, ran a barroom in a 10’ x 12’ shanty which stood between the present Harnett County News plant and the old hotel across the street. A sort of old river road ran by it. Poor John had to move his barroom when the new board of town commissioners told him none of them could sign their names, So they couldn’t write him a recommendation required by the County Commissioners! Thus Lillington lost its first business enterprise. : In the areas Lillington had carried the election held in October, 1859, by 312 votes. The County Commissioners bought 100 acres of land from Nathaniel G. Jones for $500.00, and in 1861, the town, named for General Alexander Lillington, a hero of the Revolution, was offi- Cially laid off. 4 It is rather curious that this new county and its seat of gov- ernment, centers of Tory activity during the Revolutionary War, Should be named in honor of their two see mae enemies, Neither of whom probably ever set foot in Harnett. ; No Courthouse was built at Lillington until 1867. This was 4 wooden building and was burned in 1892. The present brick Courthouse was built in 1897. eee In the meantime, all superior and county court cases continue to be held at the Academy in Summerville. Prisoners were jailed at Fayetteville. : If a person wanted to register a deed, he took it to the home of the Register of Deeds. However, on Saturdays, most of the County officials could be found hanging around the business houses in town or at the Academy in Summerville. é After the building of the Courthouse in 1867, the county affairs Were carried on in a more business-like manner. By that time, Several buildings had been moved to Lillington, including the old Bailey Hotel at Toomer—or Summerville. This old hotel now Stands forlornly back of the town hall. rr grrr EEN 62 THEY PASSED THIS WAY Caswell isn’t the only County in North Carolina to have a mur- der committed in its Courthouse. Harnett’s murder should never have happened. In 1881 some negroes were giving trouble around the courthouse. Sheriff Green called William Henry Johnson to help him. Billie McLean, a respected and well-liked negro, remarked that he was going to get help. Johnson misunderstood Billie. He thought he said he was going to help the rioting negroes, Johnson struck Billie so hard across the head with his gun he broke both. Billie died on the spot. Johnson threw the broken gun under the Courthouse doorsteps and fled to Texas, where he lived the rest of his life. In 1911 by act of the Legislature, the boundary line of Harnett THE FORMATION OF HARNETT COUNTY 63 Clerks of Court B. F. Shaw A.A. MeDonals . ve Gane dy Wate aoaain . A. Cam C Geo. E. Prince L. M. eerie ie F. M. McKa Robert B. Morg: J. H. Withers Elizabeth F. Matthews F H. Taylor Robert B. Morgan W. P. Byrd Elizabeth F. Matthews which ran from the intersection of ties on Black Mingo to the mouth of ed to its present location. inhabitants of that area. There have been several attem nett—either to add to existing co These attempts failed. SOME OF THE OFFICERS OF HARNETT County Wuo HAVE SERVED SINCE Its FORMATION: Sheriffs: Registers of Deeds James A. Johnson Duncan McLean J. R. Grady A. J. Kivett Kenneth McNeill J. A. Sexton John A. Green D. H. McLean C. McArtan J. R. Grady J. H. Pope John A. McKay S. A. Salmon H. T. Spears Frank Pearson J. M. Byrd Frank Pope A. C. Holloway J. B. Lanier W. Hamp Stewart I. W. Smith A. M. Shaw J. M. Byrd John McLeod W. H. Turlington W. H. Faueette J. W. McArtan Miss Mamie Sexton A. F. Fowler - Thad H. Pope L. K. Matthews Edwin Harrington J. H. Tart Mrs. Inez Harrington A. F. Fowler W. E. Salmon C. R. Moore Johnston and Sampson Coun- Lower Little River was shift- This was done to accommodate the pts to take territory from Har- unties or to form a new county. CHAPTER IX THE RED HILLS OF BUCKHORN In the history of Man, there came first an Age of Stone, and then an Age of Copper and Bronze. Next came workers in Iron, and the Tubal Cains of the third Age by slow trial developed steel. Steel in their hands was charcoal-smelted iron out of which had been hammered or burnt the excess of carbon mixed into the stinted harvests of the red ores, which signified ordinary cast iron until decarbonized. These oldsters knew nothing of sulphur and Phosphorus, the sly and pervasive adulterants which robbed purified metal of its strength. With mighty sinews they hammered and tortured the glowing billets into shapes which slowly forced out the free car- bon that lurked between the fibres with; by little they compacted and cle to grain, refined the grain, drew out from hiding latent keenness and resiliency the qualities which made steel. These ancient ones were tireless in working their metal and mb methods of their own finding. At last they produced Damascus steel or a Toledo blade, worth its weight in gold in their day and time. These steels of fame happened to be exceptionally free of Phosphorus and sulphur, even today the great enemies of iron metallurgy. In time, wherever iron, lime, and charcoal were found closely together, a special breed of men lea, each with his stock of secret knowled: Some made ploughshares,. Others made wagon parts, nails and spikes, tools of the crafts, in an ever-expanding complexity of service. Not all these lots of ir Some obstinately refuse gins were complaisant,. phosphorus and Silicon, a on from different furnaces were similar, d treatment to which other lots and ori- The impurities were always sulphur, puzzle which always varied. But certain irons were far superior, from certain places of origin. They had purity. To understand how this purity came about, one has to go back to the earth’s youth and tie it to a secret of Nature found only a few years ago. In very ancient days, many millions of years 4g0, our atmosphere was raw with formal- dehyde and deadly with carbon monoxide, Formaldehyde was the THE RED HILLS oF BUCKHORN 65 sok”? istr ich later was to make woody fiber. Jreodene solic a ae to change to carbon ned a ae “e dy also to change into vast stores of formaldehyde Me eee Thence came sugar, starch, and cellulose 'y : for the papreaaes ae en has it been found that carbon Ouvens ae be a maker of pure iron. Passed over ae ae ee nostels oe and at a certain temperature carbon monoxi fF ee ree with iron molecules to make iron carbony 5 carey ce “aR So soon, however, as this extremely poison- G2) Ney 23s) ss BK ses its temperature, it drops its iron we waa iutelytantciited out as countless trillions of tiny spheres, an ini iginal carbon monoxide. is peas ae emt 5. dis HRA suiphus Bh ae aa 1 p ee wards. mig - SO, unless conten Econ ae the oxygen of the carbon bon ane, panels eraser in sufficiently low quantity would cage eae r ae steel itself. If there were too much carbon, i pe ee out to make steel, capable, ae prauinles of being i emperatures. magnetized pera ae eure aorta among the zor of Ee ete but very little which was bedded deposits from the ee Ancient North Carolina had its share of this Le inenicanbony Mother Earth was in the throes of her early exist- pe ee a ne after the earth crust was formed, some epee ence. At ist oh aa ssing heavenly body plucked away from the eee Jones ith Pacific Ocean a massive ball of the inner core ae ise d stich was at once dropped and discarded to aa Ofstileanon Hah remaining earth crust flowed towards the va Wieuen as ; lid, formed the great mountain chains estas ae ate th : eee crevasse between South America ae the Hae ne ape which fit into each other, and so on. we av aurea an a geological faults appeared in the roc. er si : ee a towed faces slid against each other or folded like cracks, Blesuicnelay: i f North Carolina iron, igi l-deposited bed o: pera eae the pce? bans i ne a i eral times. é , ages) Dae oe ait aaa water with its poate we ablesto ralvetize the rock into send ie me Sr aie ee ed—red s ; ay, GanolinaNer a oe : Seen grew in this type of oie ae loamy son eee 2A overburdened with chance masses of car aa e sues ne ae masses of fossil oyster shell. Rivers re ane pe cola and the central plateau. The miniature i Ss pe weracaenticreca into the larger hills of the piedmont sec- (o) seaascuetmatentii 66 THEY PASSED THIS Way tion. Then they grew into the vaster masses of the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Smokies, rolling and rounded. Such was the country at the end of the Ages. In the northern areas of Harnett there was especially wild ter- rain, given over to ruggedness and rocks, to hills that were of their own kind, not fully the rolling and rounded contours to the south. The hills were red, as was the country of sand towards the sea. John Colvin, ironmaster, following his b preted the red hills. They proclaimed, “Iron! Iron '! Tron! !!?, to his seeing eye. He prospected the area and found a deposit of “magnetite,” in fact, “granular magnetite.” And what did all this mean? First of all, “magnetite” was ore that of itself. It was, in effect, already steel. Though John Colvin did not know it, the ancient iron carbonyl] in changing back to carbon monoxide had let its tiny spheres of iron so pure that they melt at 1200°, instead of 2300° F., to cement themselves into pea-sized nodules. They met John Colvin’s eye as a workable bed of iron ore a rod or two thick. ent, instantly inter- could hold magnetism And it was “granular.” found fossilized oyster shell deposits. melting and reducing furnace and power air into his tuyéres, which would heat his charcoal-stoked mix- ture of red ore and cleansing lime to yield a free flow of iron. The man, Colvin, is somewhat of a mystery. He wag a Scot and a Lowlander. He was merely one of the many Adventurers in Iron in a rough country, who paced the backlands of the settled areas and was an heir to the Adventurers in Land, such as Red MacNeill and his companions, who had traversed the same areas a hundred years before. Nobody knows whence he came, or to what locality he went in his hunt for iron. é He had with him a gigantic man-of-all name. Whatever John Colvin planned, Bi lustily and profanely, ruling and driving -work, Big Henry by g Henry put into effect THE RED HILLS OF BUCKHORN 67 way over obstructing reefs, shelves, and barrier ridges, with scanty lands roundabout for agriculture. The location was at an old sluiceway, intended to by-pass the Buckhorn. John and Big Henry placed the fur- ae bees ne ruins, over half a century old, of a canal that was to make, in a earlier day on the Cape Fear, a watertrack around the Falls in which should float scows laden with heavy freight. The scows did not draw much water, but there was considerable drop. The sluiceway had to make provision for the descent, oi the necessary depth of water actually demanded much heavier construction than was given to the gates for controlling the flow. This had been learned sorrowfully by the Cape Fear Naviga- tion Company in 1800, or thereabouts, when the sluiceway ia planned between Buckhorn and Parker’s Creek. Of uiinee Gob bateaux put through, one made the passage safely; the ot i two were dashed to pieces at Battle’s Upper Falls, as the newly- built lock gates gave way under a 14-ft. head of water. dens But by 1861, when John Colvin and Big Henry arrived, the a had recovered and public works along the Cape Fear had estab- lished locks and dams in the river at this very point. These were in operation, and not only were steamboats carrying freight, but new vessels were being planned or building. Colvin’s problem oF transportation of his product was solved, and the old sluiceway was capable of being a treasure trove for a planning ironmaster. Earth flow had crept into the neglected cutting. The blockage was a great many cubic yards, nearly as costly to remove as the original labor had been for the excavation. Colvin and Big Henry let water into the channel, flowing it swiftly. The banked land- slides were shoveled, little by little, into the rapid current, aad the speed which had been so disastrous to the bateaux of nearly two generations earlier at John Colvin’s hands became a benefi- pti a some rock left in the sluiceway, but it was small labor to remove this. Hercules in the Augean stables had cleans- ed them by the same method, and perhaps John Colvin arrived from the Deep South or the Land of Ten Rivers, where a rice planter had told him the Classic story, or he may himself have read the tale in his own Classic textbooks in the original tongue. Three hundred yards above the lower end of this new channel, and alongside a fifty-foot hill, John Colvin built his furnace. The renovated cutting he dammed to make waterpower available. He had the rough materials roundabout him, waiting on his ingen- uity. Harnett stone made him blocks for masonry wherewith eS build a great Holland’s bottle flask of stonework, which was line with firebrick and calked with refractory clays. In the bottom 68 THEY PASSED THIS WAY were channels and a sump for collecting the molten iron, with provision for a clay plug to block the run-off or commence it, when the iron had been melted. Also there were apertures to receive air blasts under pressure. Above, leading from the hill- top, was a chute, down which mingled ore and lime would pour to charge the furnace, alternated with charcoal ready to develop fierce heat. In the dammed canal a waterwheel arrangement operated com- pressed air cylinders, ready to supply vast quantities of blast to the devil’s broth within the stone flack through the system of pipes, which led to the receiving ports in the base of the square stone bottle. The great structure, lastly, was bound within a protection of notched logs. These logs interlocked and took the stress of the masonry in tension, if the charge within the stone flask wedged itself or developed hydrostatic pressure during a heavy melt. Very ingeniously John Colvin used local material almost entirely for his project. The installation was squat and crude. The oyster shell came from the Tertiary Bluffs, 20 miles below Fayetteville, There was limestone only twenty miles or less distant in west-central Har- nett itself, a memory of the days when the country had rested beneath the sea for many.eons. Colvin possibly distrusted the limestone, or wished to substitute a water haul of more uniform oyster-shell lime for a wagon haul of stone across In Harnett, through the primeval forest wagon trailways radiated in all directions to convenient charcoal burnings. Wag- ons carried the near-by mined ore of Buckhorn also to the hilltop. The oyster-shell limestone piled in great heaps. Big Henry, or perhaps more likely John Colvin himself, started the fires under the first charge, and the canal waterwheels turned their blasts of air into the nozzles of the tuyéres. Beneath the furnace vent were channel cross channels the “sows,” and to eac broader channels reached by an their fiery milk. Big Henry or punched at the clay plug until it gave. Out streamed the trans- parent amber liquid, molten iron, shining and smoking. It fol- lowed the set channel system, ending at the pigs which made up the first melt of Buckhorn iron. Just what date John Colvin’s furnace went into blast is not definitely known at present. But it must have been shortly after the start of the War Between The States. Harnett County’s rec- ords for that period were destroyed by fire in 1893, but the older residents of Buckhorn make the date 1862. Colvin’s furnace had a name before it ever went into blast and red iron began to flow from it. The big-eyed oOpen-mouthed Cape S waiting, which gave on h sow were shorter and arrow neck, the “pigs” awaiting John, perhaps, with a crowbar THE RED HILLS OF BUCKHORN 69 Fear Indians had named it for him. “Ock-Noc,” they called it— ‘. “a k Otew : Wianhuealeia fue good iron in old Ock-Noc-—especially after a negro worker slid down the charging chute into its roaring maw and vanished with a blood chilling scream in a puff of smoke. True, Colvin didn’t make much iron—about five tons daily—but it made up in quality what it lacked in quantity. The Buckhorn ores possessed a peculiar quality similar to the famed Swedish ores. ; f din all its fury, Ock- hen the War Between the States flame ’ N a cahtintterl to turn out good iron. Most of it went up the Deep River by steamer to the Western Railroad terminus at MclIver’s Station near the Egypt coal mine at the present village of Cum- nock. From there it was shipped to Fayetteville and used by the enal atop Haymount Hill. ae is end the furnace went down, and ete ae bos is gi n moved on to other pastures. uring the I e Babee cae it became a sort of political football, changing tly until 1870. i : ‘di tee oat on came into the Buckhorn Hills one of the most remarkable men the upper Valley. had ever known, George G. laware ironmaster. ener pbbe Plymouth, Mass., George Granville Lobdell was orphaned at the age of fourteen and went to Wihnington; Delaware, to live with his aunt, Mrs. Jonathan Bonney, a sister i h si . . a tan Sa Bonney, was associated with a Mr. Bush in a roandry and machine shop business at Wilmington, and young George Lobdell was apprenticed in the shops. me a He showed remarkable aptitude for the business, and in 5, when he was barely eighteen years old, he coe ae ane Let a beginning o e Lobde ¥ That year really marked the 1 j a til 1838 that young Lobdell Wheel Company—though it wasn tun de ett i Je’s interest in the firm following Bonney’s d i ere was changed to Bush and Lobdell and continued as such until 1859, when Lobdell acquired complete control. Ee operated the business under his own name until 1867, when it was incorporated as the Lobdell Car Wheel Company. : com Following 1840, when the railroads began to fling their ines to all parts of the country east of the Mississippi, the firm of Bush and Lobdell became closely allied with them. Their special: ty was the manufacture of chilled tread car wheels, an important factor in the success and expansion of the railroads. : Always was George Lobdell in search of better materials and methods for making better and safer car wheels. In 1874 he AL ea rma n ar R 70 THEY PASSED THIS WAY prepared a paper for the then infant Master Car Builders Asso ciation in which he said: “My practice has always been to break up all wheels about which there was the least doubt—to break up hundreds rather than run the risk of sending one bad wheel away. “As a result I have yet to learn of the first person being killed or maimed by the breaking of a Lobdell wheel Only by using the finest materials and exercising the greatest care in manufacture has this been possible.” It was his effort to secure the “finest materials” that brought George Lobdell to the Buckhorn hills in 1870, following reports of his chemists on the rare quality of the iron from that region. Now Lobdell was a hard headed business man, but he too fell victim to that mysterious malady that possesses nearly every inhabitant of the upper Valley. “Shoot the works—all or noth- ing,” might well be their twin mottoes. These Buckhorn folk shot the works in the Revolution with freedom as their goal and continued oppression their alternative. They won that fight. They went all out again in their battles to subjugate the Cape Fear River in 1796, 1820, and 1850. And each time the muddy old river marshalled its devastating forces and sent most of them into a bankrupt’s court. George Lobdell, not to be outdone, “ began operations by taking over the old Endor furnaces on Deep River near Cumnock. Part of the ore used by that furnace came on steamer drawn flats from the Buckhorn mines. To Lobdell’s way of thinking, that was a waste of transportation. Or maybe he was unduly influenced by a paper Fred Genth, chemist and geologist, read bef latter part of 1871. “At Buckhorn on the Cape Fear,” reported Genth, “there is a large bed of granular magnetite from which about 6,000 tons of very superior iron have been produced. The bed is between twenty and thirty feet thick and lies almost horizontally between layers of micaschist . . .” Be that as it may, George Lobdell set about to creat d Pittsburg at Buckhorn. € a secon shot the works,” too. He He located that on the old canal almost on the spot once occu- pied by John Colvin’s log pen furnace. Right there, though, all similarity between the two ended. Lobdell’s was the latest thing in hot blast construction. THE RED HILLS OF BUCKHORN 71 It was an ironstack job fifty-four feet high with a diameter of ten feet at the bosh. Two turbine water wheels drove the blowing cylinders, which fed the blast through heating ovens to the furnace. A mechanical hoist supplanted Colvin’s wheelbar- rows for charging the iron monster with ore, oyster shells, and Siraea care downriver at the ore hill on J. im Battle’s plantation Lobdell rigged up a cable railway—the weight of the loaded car pulling the empty back up the hill, after it had dumped its ore on a lighter moored under the projecting end of the trestle. The ore lighters were towed up the river by the steamer, George G. Lobdell, on through the Buckhorn locks and then float- ted down the canal to the furnace. : Meanwhile, Calvin Prince, the ex-slave, was smudging the blue Buckhorn skies with the smoke of his charcoal kilns, and down in the company stables, Joe Walcott, the head mule skinner, had a full audience listening in admiration and awe as they learned an entirely new set of cuss words. It was Walcott s job to see that charcoal was delivered to the furnace, and it didn t take many weeks for his wide tired Conestoga wagons to criss-cross the woods with a network of roads. : On a hilltop back of the furnace Superintendent Harly built himself a fine two-storied home, overlooking George Fuquay’s violet beds on one side and the furnace on the other. Dominating the whole series of operations was the dynamic Lobdell, a John Colvin and a Big Henry rolled into one. The new Buckhorn fur- nace was ready to go into blast. : Ae It had taken time to complete all these preparations and it was the middle of 1875 before the roar of the air feed echoed from ene ee story it would be a suitable place to end it with iron furnaces and rolling mills sprouting like weeds and a great city taking form on the Buckhorn hills. fy Not so. That hundred thousand dollar furnace operated for only a few weeks, and the Been ef er eeeey Caner Com- eived just 383 tons of iron from it! Stee Haat failed. That thirty foot thick vein of ore ended at a rock fault—simply vanished into thin air, The exam- inations of the geologists had not been exhaustive. They had made facts from assumption. There just wasn’t any merchant- é uckhorn. eee ase took to tramping the hills as if he were looking for something he’d lost—which he had. But neither he nor all the hired geologists in the world could find the lost ore bed of Buckhorn. Y E } FAR ETS TES SSS Se Ss Serre ee seas 2) THEY PASSED THIS WAY In November of 1878 Professor A. E. Verrill of i In N . BE. the Sh Scientific School of Yale University drove the last ae ae aie coffin of the Buckhorn blast furnace when he reported: “The great mass of ore at Buckhorn seems t i ed out. Instead of continuing northward in hee Riedel ee dip the bed was found to be abruptly cut off by two faults of the rocks. The uplifted portion of the ore bed seems to have been destroyed by denudation. Test borings on adjacent lands offer no hope. Practically, therefore, the Buckho i regarded as exhausted.” (heii BeOS oe Sadly, George Lobdell bade farewell to the had tried to found an empire of iron and sted SAN oneal a Delaware. That he failed was no fault of his, The failure mere ly gave him the privilege of joining the ranks of other s endid men of the Cape Fear country who fought good Ashi ibe CHAPTER X HARNETT COUNTY IN THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES To most people in Harnett the big war was not the Revolution or the two world wars. It was the War Between the States. Harnett sent over a thousand of its sons to battle in this con- flict—an average of one out of every family. Like other counties in North Carolina Harnett furnished the manpower, the doughfoots, the boys who did the fighting. Other states furnished the generals: Harnett’s highest ranking officer was Col. Kenneth Murchison, commander of the 24th battalion of home guards—old men and young boys. Its highest ranking field officer was Major John A. D. McKay. To those familiar with the present pay scale in the army, it may come as a shock to learn what a soldier was paid in the Con- federate Army. A first sergeant received $20.00 per month; buck sergeants $17.00; Corporals $13.00, while the lowly private got $11.00. Cooks, nurses, and stewards in the Hospital Department were paid 25 cents per day. They were paid every two (2) months, when they were paid at all. In addition they received a small clothing allowance. If they re-enlisted, they received a bounty of $50.00. Until the Conscript Law of 1862 went into effect, a man could hire another to fight in his place for $400.00. This developed into quite a profitable racket. A man could hire out for another, collect his $400.00, and promptly desert. He would then move to another county, hire out again, and then de- sert again. Passage of the Conscript law knocked out this bit of graft. At the beginning of the war, J. W. Atkins hired out as a sub- stitute for W. Gill. Poor J. W. fought for four fierce years for that 400 bucks. He was one of the six Harnett men to surrender at Appamattox Courthouse. Perhaps that may explain the nota- tion opposite his name on the surrender list. The Yankees gave him a mule, a bridle and a saddle. Maybe they figured he earned the items. Private Atkins became better known in later years as Dr. James W. Atkins. The Conscript Act set an age limit. The Silver-tongued Orator of the Cape Fear, Harnett’s own Dan Hugh McLean, was dis- charged under its provisions on “‘account of extreme youth.” He was 14 years old when he enlisted in 1861. One Company of Harnett troops did not surrender. They were Company D of the 8rd Cavalry. samuel ss Pe aS em te tee 74 THEY PASSED THIS WAY The day before Appamattox the pitiful remnant of this proud band of heroes cut its way through the encircling Federals and escaped. There were no Harnett troops engaged in the Battle of Averas- boro in lower Harnett fought March 16, 1865. In fact, the battle was fought almost entirely by Gen. Hardee’s Corps of South Carolina men. The Yankees lost 684 men, killed, wounded and captured. The Confederates’ loss was about 600. In the following list of Harnett County men who fought in The War Between The States, we know there are some duplications and some omissions. From 1863 until the end of the War, Moore’s Roster of North Carolina Troops offers very sketchy in- formation. This will explain why some family records do not tally with this one. Nore: In “Remarks” column, abbreviations | have the following meanings: C—Captured; D—Killed or Died in Service; Dg—Discharged; Dt—Detailed for Special Duty; W—Wounded; M—Missing; R—Resigned, Name Rank Company Regiment Remarks Abbott, John —_.___. I 31st Adams, James D. D 50th = Adams, James E D 50th50th D Adams, J. EB... D 50th Geter Adams, John J. D 41st — Adams, Joseph E D 50th Adams, W. H._ D 50th Adams, EB. _... E 73rd Reserves Adams, W. H B 50th D Allen, Forney F 50th Armstrong, J. C. F 35th pies “Alston, Gideon P. D 41st ae, Anderson, James Cc 2nd (0} Arnold, Abel L._ I 31st pals Arnold,, James _ I 31st Dg Arnold, William i 31st Ww Arnold, W. L. I 31st Arnold, W. I 31st Arnold, L. B.. F 15th Arnold, Sol F 15th Arnold, Solemon F 15th Surrendered at App. Arnold, Thomas H F 15th Surrendered at App. Atkins, B. F. H 72nd Atkins, J. W.. F 15th Surrendered at App. Atkins, Neill M F _ 15th w Atkins, J. H.. D Ghat. Atkins, John H. D 41st Atkins, William T A Battery 10 Dt & W Atkins, W. T._ G Unknown Ausley, Richard D 61st PSUUL Ys Elen aon ae ee H 50th Top: Harnett County Courthouse, Lillington Center: Tomb of General Alexander Lillington Bottom right: Gravestone of Cornelius Harnett Top: Oak Grove, home of John Smith, now owned by Jim Byrd. Used as Confederate i Hospital. | i Center: Monument to Confederate dead at i Averastoro Battleground. } i ' | Bottom: Lebanon, House of FE. W. Smith, { | used as hospital by Confederates. ' 4 6 #362 Ff : vy ' | i Top: Harrington Postoffice. Bottom left: Facsimile of John M. L. Harrington's “Tl Young American,” EH _ Hee LEDGE ih @ handwritten magazine published in 1858. Lower right: The old al Hl new: Jim Harrington and Ruby Denise. ght: z L TT ones: ileal a ase FI | Home of Mrs. Harvey Ferris, Linden Home of Carlyle Williams, Linden Home of John Hodges, Linden Home of Dr. W. C. Melvin, Linden An Old Slave Cabin The oldest House in Harnett County Built in 1759, now owned by Rory Matthews Last of the slave cabins on Lebanon Plantation, owned by E. W. Smith, Jr. sansa in TAN Home of Sam Johnson, Jr., John- sonville Tirzah Church, Summerville, Founded i811. Home of Barelay’s Mrs. Charles Ross, pea Summerville, claysvil Buiit 1855. Living Old Archie room McKay Home, Barclay’s Summerville, Inn built about 1845 Shaw's Ye Way Dr. H. M. House, Turner's built office 1806 Left: Dr. H. M. Turner William Avera home built 1829 Right: Dr. Neill Buie Gravestone Biott home, built Dr. about 1825 McDougald Home rpeatneang SPT So Tre a Two Duke School teachers prepare for a ride in 1915 Dr. Coll Sexton, Dunn's first physician and first Harnett doctor to own an “auto buggy.” j The last of the | river raftsmen, Alex Snipes of Erwin. j | i i \ hy e. Fl The famous ij 1 McLean twins Tailor Hugh and i Tailor. Hector. Paui Green, AEF 1918 —————————— ee ae ane: fl lower t. Quinn; nar’ B. 0’ f B. left, Sherod Patterson; lower right, J. B. F. Stew C. S. A.—Upper left, Hardy Collins; wpper right g Which Establisnea Harnett County. Meetin Chairman of Pegram Ww. G i FF Janie Smith anda her eight brothers HARNETT COUNTY IN THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES 15 Name Rank Company Regiment Remarks Avera, Calvin A Pvt. F 15th D Avera, L. Ave Pvt. F 15th D Avera, William A. F 15th D Avera, Isaac _.. K 38th D Avera, John B.. B 31st D Avera, John D. B 8th Btn. Avera, Henry C.. B 8th Btn. Avera, William R.. B 10th Reg. (Bat. 8) M Avera, Thomas J... B 8th Btn. Atkinson, Joseph H.. H 50th Bain, Angus - F 24th Bain, Hugh - H 50th Bain, W. A. H 50th Baker, A. _ E 73rd Baker, Alex .... ies D 26th WwW Baker, James A Cpl. Cc 36th D Baker, Patrick H.. Cpl. Cc 36th Baker, James Pvt. I 54th Ballard, Alexis Pvt. F 15th Ballard, David . Pvt. I 31st Ballard, J. A... I 31st Ww Ballard, John M... . F 15th Ww Barber, W. R. A. Pvt. C 50th Barclay, William D Cpl. A 5th De Barbour, Wm. R. A. set I 24th Barefoot, Littleton _Cpl. D 56th Barham, William H Pvt. D 41st Barnes, David A B 8th Btn. Barnes, Henry M. B 8th Btn. Barnes, Neill _. B 8th Btn. Barnes, Thomas H. F 15th Regt. Barnes, Rory F 15th Regt. Baucom, James H. (6 56th Regt. Baughcum, J. A.. F 24th Bayles, J. W.. F 15th Ww Bayles, John I F 15th De Bayles, W. B... H 50th Buhman, Gustavus. 1st Lt. D 41st Beasley, Charles R.. B 8th Btn. Beasley, J. J... i F 15th Bethea, Wm. C a A 10th Btn. Dt Bethea, Wm. C cas G 6th Btn. Bethea, Wm. J 2nd Lt. il 31st Bell, B. J...... SOR D 38th Bethune, W. J -Pvt. A 63rd Betts, A. D.... fd c 31st Betts, Archibald Cc 31st Betts, W. H...... c 31st Betts, Andrew W. c 31st Betts, Andrew N c 31st Biggs, B. E 73rd ishop, A. A. F 15th Dg Bishop, Nathan - -Pvt. I 31st Black, Archibald -Pvt. B 56th eT 9 yma tet SHE | } {fF | 76 THEY PASSED THIS WAY Name Rank Company Regiment Black, DanielvA. sans Pvt. B 56th Black, John .. 2 B 56th Black, J. A. Pvt. B 56th Black, D. . Evils F 15th Black, D. A. Pyt. F 15th Black, Daniel R Pyt. F 15th Black, John _ Pvt. F 15th Black, Duncan . F 15th Blackman, Wm. C. i D 41st Blackman, Wm. G Pvt. Cc 7th Blizzard, D. P. Fr 15th Blizzard, John D. F 15th Black, Hugh H 72nd Blute, Mike A 5th Bolton, M. .. E 73rd Bradley, A. E 73rd Bradley, Alexander . I 31st Bradley, Anderson i 31st Bradley, Stephen - I 31st Bowden, Bryant . F 15th Branch, J. W. F 15th Brewer, S. W. D 15th Branch, E. .. E 73rd Brafford, Aaron A. BE 40th Brooks, A. P... D 41st Brooks, Geo. W. D 41st Brooks, Thomas J. D 41st Brooks, Wm. M. D 41st Brooks, John B B 8th Brooks, Robert W.. H 50th Brown, A. S.......... H- 30th Brown, James H 30th Brown, Greenwood RF 15th Brownie lasses erie aon D 41st Brown, O. T._ aEvibe B 5ist Brown, Elisha . Pvt. B 8th Battalion Brown, J. R._. cata A 63rd Buchanan, A. B Pvt. E 78rd Buchanan, F. B. F 6th Buchanan, T. B. Ee F 6th Buchanan, J. W. Pvt. F Buckner, Gregory Pvt. I 31st Buckner, Jesse —. Pvt. D 41st Buie, Allen M. Pyt. Cc ith BulesBaileyen <2 sete nape BE 56th Buie, Neill M. Bao D 41st Buie, William J... Pvt. D 41st Burnes, Adolphus J Pvt. D 41st Burnes, Robert M.... D 41st 31st Bullard, J. A... I 10th Btn. Burnes, Allen Pvt. I 31st Butts, George D. -Pvt. I 31st Butts, Samuel Aw. Pyt. I 31st Remarks Dg Hosp. Steward Hosp, Steward — Ww HARNETT COUNTY IN THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES 77 Name Rank Butts, Jesse J.. Pvt. Byrd, Aquilla ~ Byrd, B. B... Byrd, Henry R. Byrd, John H. Bryan, Benjamin R. Byrd, Josiah .... Byrd, Robert J. Byrd, Richard Du... Caddell, Archibald Cameron, A. .... Cameron, A. D. Cameron, D. A. Cameron, Daniel E Cameron, Hugh D.. Cameron, James J.. Cameron, John A.. Cameron, John C Cameron, Daniel Cameron, Mill G.... Cameron, Neill A... Cameron, Randle McD. Campbell, Daniel B.... Cameron, Thomas A. Campbell, B. C Campbell, Barnabas Campbell, Daniel B. Cannady, Cader .. Cannady, Joshua Cannaday, Thomas Carpenter, Robert ... Carter, Nathan .. Carter, Maxwell Carter, Eldridge CappsyeANe deem Castlebury, Nathan . Cates, John A.... Champion, J. Champion, Levi ... Cheek, James M... Christian, George W. Churchill, J. R. Clark, James A. Clark, John ..... Clegg, Benjamin F. Clements, Andrew Coats, Burwell .... Coats, Hezekiah Coats, J. T.. Coats, U. . Coffeld, C. H.. Company Regiment HHAWDWETUUOHOHPORHH OAH DH HOOOn ee Poot sees SOU HHtetiw Remarks 8th Bn. 50th 50th D 41st 50th 50th 41st 5th 41st 31st 15th 49th 73rd 50th 73rd 8th De 41st 8th 46th 7th 7th 46th 8th 8th 8th 7th 31st 31st 8th 15th 24th 31st 50th 31st 8th Battalion 3rd 54th 31st De 31st 73rd 31st 1st Battalion 31st 31st 73rd 8rd Ww 3rd 41st 15th 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 72nd 72nd 31st loh=)} a ouy deuvz iS] oR is) 78 THEY PASSED THIS WAY Name Rank Coffield, James W Coffield, Wm. H. Coffield, Zach ... Cercey, Eldridge Collier, Robert _ Collins, A. J... = Collins, Hardy - ....Pvt. Collins, John Collins, Wm. _ Collins, R. W. Collins, Thomas Collins, S. G._ Colton, James Colville, James H. Colville, John R.. Colville, Wm. A Cook, Benjamin - Cowan, W. E. Cox, W. J. Crow, Hopton Crow, Robert R. _ Cummings, John _ a Pvt. Cutts, John A. Cutts, David W. Cutts; J. be Cutts, Addison D. Daniel, Thomas K Darroch, Angus Darroch, Daniel Darroch, ,J. L._ Darroch, Malcolm Dean, Burwell Dean, James G Dean, Joseph _ Dean, Jeremiah Deans, James W. Dean, W. P._ Denning, J. M Denning, Joel Denning, Josiah Pvt. Dennis, Henry ... -Pvt. Dennis, Joseph _ -Pvt. Dennis, James D... BEAVite Dennis, W. H.. -Pvt. Dixon, Patrick Dorman, John T Dewar, John P.__ Dewar, Wm. A... Dorman, John T Dorsett, Orren M. Douglass, A. Douglass, Archibald Douglas, Nathan Rel hok: toto thi hana on Eh he treo nel lol hen Kololet lolol Kol h-Lolelolel icici nen ohonens Company Regiment 54th 8th Battalion 5th 8th Battalion 5th 50th 5th Battalion 13th 5th 72nd 31st 1st 56th 15th 15th 15th 8th 1st 50th 41st 41st 50th 31st 5th 31st 15th 47th 41st 41st 50th 50th 17th 31st 31st 31st 54th 54th 50th 72nd 73rd 51st 31st 31st 56th 73rd 54th 8th Battalion 31st 31st 50th 41st 73rd 7th 50th Remarks du souud da HARNETT COUNTY IN THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES Name Rank Douglas, R. B 12/8; Douglas, Silas J. EUs Douglas, Wm. J. _.Pvt. Drake, G. F...... ..Pvt. Dowd, Albert G. _Pvt. Driver, J. K._ _Pvt. Pvt. -Pvt. Driver, Wesley . Duke, John W. Duke, Robert A. Dunn, John P.. Dunn, Jos. ... ERarley, Wm. J Eason, Isaca . cits Edge, Leonard ~ Pvt. Edwards, Thomas Ellis, T. G. Ennis, Walter Ennis, H. H._ Ennis, Wm. Ennis, Alexander Ennis, Daniel Ennis, John A.... Ennis, William Ennis, W. B. Ennis, Levi Emerson, Robert J. Faircloth, Daniel .. Faircloth, Daniel J. Faircloth, Reason Faircloth, D. ...... Faison, Joseph P Faucett, W. H.... Faulkner, Thos. N. Ferrell, Lynn . Forbes, Wm. A. Thrailkill, N. A. Fowler, George W. Fuquay, Geo. W. Fuquay, J. A. Fuquay, John ... Fowler, Thomas Fowler, Thomas Gales, Henry Gardner, R. Gaskins, A. Gaskins, Cornelius H. Gaster, Dillon J.. Gardner, S. H... Gaskin, Alexander Gaskins iq. = Gaskin, Wm. D.. Giddens, George L.. S3PEPQQHH ERY PSOE WHQOeHH PR RHO AOR AW OAHU Od K SS Company Regiment 50th 15th 15th 31st 41st 54th 50th 41st 41st 31st 31st 6th Battalion 24th 7th 15th 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 3rd 3rd 31st 31st 50th 41st 8th 8th 8th 8th 31st 31st 15th 58rd 38th 81st 8th Battalion 50th 50th 50th 10th Battalion 2nd Reg’t. 8th 78rd 31st 31st 7th 31st 15th 15th 15th 20th 719 Remarks as 44 80 THEY PASSED THIS WAY Name Rank Gilchrist, C. A Gilbert, F. M Gilbert, J. Q... Gilbert, Henry Gilbert, John G.. Gilbert, John V. Giles, John . Giles, John _ Godfrey, John Godwin, John R Godwin, John ~ Godwin, J. - Godwin, N. H.. Godwin, Thomas H. Godfrey, Wm. A. Grady, Marshall W. Grayy, Phineas H. Graham, John W. Graham, W. D. Graham, H. W. Green, D. E._ Green, James A.. Green, John W. Gregory, Alex’r D.. Gregory, Matthew W -Pvt. Gregory, Alfred B. .-Pvt. Gregory, John N Sgt. Gregory, Buckner -Pvt. Gregory, James N. -Pvt. Gregory, J. W. Gregory, David . Gregory, James H Gregory, J. A.___ Gregory, James R. Gregory, John A. Gregory, N. R. Gower, H. S.. Griffin, Darling _ Griffin, Wm. J. Griffin, John _ Griffith, John M.. Griffiths, James .... Gunley, Charles .. Guy, Charles T. Guy, Isaac ........ Haigwood, John © Harmon, H. H. Hall, Levi __.. Harrell, Thos. D. Harvill, W. W._. Hawkins, James Haire, Robert Hall, W. H.... F F F H I I B B F H B E H Cc E K K F F E Cc F F D H H I D it B B Cc A A Cc Cc Cc D Cc I I Cc Cc B I B I I E E E E F F Company Regiment 50th 15th 15th 50th 31st 31st 8th Btn. 8th Btn. 50th 20th 8th Btn. 73rd 30th 31st 8th 38th 38th 15th 15th 70th 54th 15th 6th (Btn) 41st 50th 50th 31st 31st 31st 8th Btn. 3rd Ast 72nd 7th Btn. 31st 31st 36th 36th _ 81st 31st 31st 31st 31st 8th Btn. 51st 8th Btn. 31st 32nd 73rd 8th 73rd 8th 51st 20th Remarks Ww D a4 ouy gradu HARNETT COUNTY IN THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES 81 Name Rank Ham, Stephen Hawley, J. A. Haigh, G. B. Hair, W. K._ Hamilton, H. Hatcher, Mattin .. Hamilton, Asa T.. Hare, Daniel Hargraves, Geo. Hawley, H. .- Hawley, W. D. Harvill, John Hardee, Parrot .. Hilliard, R. F... — Harrington, J. K. P. Harris, Noah R... Haywood, Wm. R. Hendrick, Alanda Hobbs, J. R......... Hobgood, J. W. Hobson, John Hobson, Richard . Hill, Atlas Hockaday, James Hockaday, Wm. -. Hockaday, Wm. P Hockaday, Pascal Hockaday, Thos. S Hockaday, Willoughby L: Hodges, Burwell .......- Hodges, B. W. Hodges, Geo. R. Hodges, John G. Holder, Jacob .. Holder, Riley . Holder, T. -.... Holder, Thomas . Holder, Riley ... Holder, George Holland, A. D.. Holland, H. B.. Holliday, Wm. B.. Holmes, John Holmes, W. H. Holloman, A. B Holt, G. J.. Holt, W. H Honeycutt, Eli . Honeycutt, Wm. W. Honrine, John B.. Hopson, L. H. Howell, Wm. - Howington, J. B. G.. Howington, John ..... Company Regiment HHOQUPtDNWOnBAOFU Ue FOOM TEM HHH WOOQUU MEAs dwWanaKnnAaAntttsas Remarks 15th 50th 72nd 72nd 72nd 72nd 31st 36th Ww 38th ist 1st 31st D 8th Btn. 41st 41st 41st 41st 30th 8th 8th 8th 73rd 41st 41st 36th 36th 8th Btn. 24th 24th 24th 8th Btn. 50th 50th 72nd 50th 7th 7th 15th 15th D 41st 50th WwW 15th D 36th 73rd 31st Dg 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 15th WwW 8th Btn. 7th D 31st 31st D = 44 82 THEY PAssED THIS WAY Name Rank Howington, Wm. -Pvt. Hudson, J. M...... ..Pvt. Hughes, Auguston -Pvt. Ivey, Young A. Ingram, S. __ Jackson, J. E Jackson, John M. Jackson, Josiah _ Jackson, Leonard Jackson, Q. M.. Jackson, Kelly Jackson, W. R.. Jackson, J. S.. Jackson, Y. S. Johnson, A. R. Johnson, B. E... Johnson, Enoch . Johnson, N. B... Johnson, Wm. E. Jernigan, Lewis . Johnson, Cooper B. Johnson, John W. Johnson, Wm. H.. Johnson, Willis __ Johnson, Evander MeN. Johnson, Hilliard H. --Pvt. Johnson, John W... Johnson, Wm. F._ Johnson, Johnson, Johnson, Johnson, Johnson, Johnson, Johnson, Johnson, Johnson, Norman T. 5 Johnson, John A. .-Pvt. Johnson, Dayid __ _Sgt. Johnson, James A. Johnson, L. .. Johnson, N. A. a f Johason, W. Alexander -Pvt. Johnson, W. Allen. Johnson, John A. Johnson, H. H. Johnson, W. _ Johnson, Wm. H. ORS OOOO OO be te Oe Bd I OP td GQ Company Regiment 31st 54th 8th Battalion 15th 15th. 15th, 15th 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 72nd 72nd 36th 56th 8th Battalion 56th 38th 38th 31st 51st 72nd 72nd 46th 72nd 72nd 5th Battalion 56th 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 41st 35th 41st 41st 7th 31st 31st 31st 31st 31st 31st 31st 15th 15th 15th 10th 15th 15th 15th 8th 56th 73rd 32nd Remarks Sous vod HARNETT COUNTY IN THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES Name Rank Jones, B. .... Jones, D. T. Jones, Bryant Jones, Daniel McL. Jones, Erwin (Irvin)~ Pvt. Jones, Sidney J... Jones, Thomas D. Jones, William - Jones, Jerry ..... Jones, Needham B. Jordan, F. M Jolly, Peyton Joyner, Abraham Kelly, Daniel S.... Kelly, John _. Keen, Wiley Kennedy, S. P Kershaw, G. W. King, James M King, Wm. R. Knight, James Knight, J. T.. Knight, Archie .. Knight, John Lanier, Bias D... Lanier, John G. Lanier, W. B Lanier, J. H.... Lane, Thomas R. Lashley, Robert Lassiter, Rufus A. Lee, Calvin ..... Lee, Harry .. Lee, James Lee, J. W.... Lee, Willis Lee, Willis ... Leslie, John W.. Lemmons, John D. Long, William J. Lucas, Alfred - Lucas, Daniel Lucas, Daniel ... Lucas, Frederick Lueas, Holly _. Lucas, Lovett Lucas, Lovitt L. Lucas, Raeford Lucas, CG. Lucas, G. Marsh, A. Marsh, Daniel H. Marsh, James G. Company Regiment 72nd 50th 51st 31st dist 31st 51st 31st 15th 56th 15th 41st 18th 41st 15th 38th 72nd 72nd 5th Battalion 41st 50th 50th 54th 8th 31st 31st 31st 15th 41st 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 15th 24th 50th 24th 30th 8th Battalion 41st 8th 31st 8th Battalion 50th 8th 8th 8th 8th 8th 8th 73rd 73rd 73rd 41st 41st 41st Remarks au o va Battalion Battalion Battalion Battalion Battalion Battalion rere 84 THEY PASSED THIS WAY Name Rank -Pvt. -Pvt. -Pvt. -Pvt. EAA -Pvt. -Pvt. -Pvt. -Pvt. Mair, Peyton _ Mandon, John ... Martin, John A.. Martin, Wm. H.. Marson, A. B.. Mason, Daniel Mason, H. .... Marks, L. H. Marks, Zaccheus, Matthias, B. E.__. Matthews, Alexander .. Matthews, Alexander .. Matthews, Ben _ Matthews, D. H.. Matthews, F. J. Matthews, H. .. Matthews, Hardy . Matthias, D. . Matthias, J. Matthias, J. A. Matthias, J. A. Matthews, J. B. Matthews, i Matthews, Matthews, Matthews, Matthews, Matthews, Matthews, Matthews, Matthews, Matthews, Matthews, Matthews, Matthews, Matthews, Simeon Matthews, Allen _ Matthews, Ruben _ Matthews, John Allen. Matthews, Thomas Matthews, L. L. Matthews, Lazarus ~ Messer, D. A..... Messer, John Messer, W. T. Messer, Alexander Messer( C. H._. Messer, Christopher . Messer, John L. Melvin, Isaac . Messer, John P. Messer, Warren . Messer, Wm. R...... (isle e Peni MA e eon a -M- Rololololokololokokot@ fii ht h-hh or EEE iE hk hk hon honok Eola —= sono E::| Company Regiment 72nd 8th 41st 31st 24th 31st 50th 15th 63rd 63rd 72nd 72nd 15th 72nd 15th 15th 73rd 30th 72nd 72nd 72nd 72nd 15th 15th 15th 15th 72nd 15th 73rd 31st 31st 31st 36th 36th 36th 36th 36th 31st 36th 36th 31st 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 31st 31st - 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 31st 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 8th Battalion Remarks HARNETT COUNTY IN THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES Name Rank Miller, George W. Mitchell, John Mills, Seth A... Monds, W. Wash Monroe, Daniel Monroe, Gilbert — Moore, Arthur Moore, J. A... Moore, John . Moore, Daniel Moore, Randall Moore, Ingram Moore, Jesse ..... Moore, J. -_...... Moore, Jordan Moore, Isaac .. Moore, J. A.. Moore, Stephen Morgan, R. B. Morgan, H. ... Morgan, Bryan A. Morris, Benjamin Morris, Joe .... Morris, Neill Morris, Alexander __. Morrison, Duncan A. Morrison, Malcolm Morrison, M. Morrison, Morrison, Morrison, Morrison, Morrison, Horace Morrison, Francis Murchison, Kenneth McAlister, J. H.... McAlister, Joseph McAlpine, McCall waa: MeArtan, Colin McArtan, John .. McAuley, James D. McAuley, Wm. .. McDaniel, EB. F. McDonald, H. C. McDonald, J. A. McDonald, J. A. McDonald, John - McDonald, Kenneth A. McDonald, Norman McDonald, R. __. McDonald, Arch McDonald, J. A.. COB OST ESRC OR MH eee HH BOOS POP UROL Company Regiment 31st 46th 41st 72nd 41st 3rd 3rd 3rd 73rd 24th 24th 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 72nd 15th 1st Battalion 73rd 24th 8th 72nd 72nd 15th 41st 41st 31st 31st 31st 31st 31st 30th 15th 8th 15th Also Lt. Col. 24th 31st Btn. Home Guard) 31st 72nd 72nd 6th Battalion 41st 50th 30th 72nd 15th 50th 30th 15th 41st 31st 73rd 54th 54th Remarks 44 44 Name Rank McDougal dss). Avena McDougald, John _.. McDougald, Daniel _ McDougald, Gilbert . McDuffie, Alexander McDuffie, John ..... McCotter, Thomas Y. McGee, Aldridge McGee, James W. McKay, John A. McKay, John A. McKinnie, J. ... McKinzie, James McLean, A. ... McLean, D. A. McLean, Alexander Mc Meanie Daas McLean, Daniel C McLean, Duncan _. McLean, Dan Hugh McLean, H. S.... McLean, Hector McLean, Hugh .. McLean, John T.. McLean, Malcolm McLean, Welcome ... McKay, Archibald D. McLaughlin, A. N. McLeod, A. D..... McLeod, Daniel cA A McLeod, David - Pvt. McLeod, Daniel euninliinemmeces-asecaceememamm ee eee McLeod, Norman - McLeod, Neill H.. McLeod, Neill McLeod, J. W. McLeod, William McLeod, Wm. MeNeil, Alex .. MeNeill, Alexander D... MeNeill, James M McNeill, Wm. M.. MeNeill, H. M..... MeNeill, Kenneth MeNeill, Neill A.. McNeill, Malcolm McPhail, Ingold McRae, Alex E... McRae, Alexander “ne McPhail, D. A. _-Pvt. McPherson, I. D... McPherson, J. L, McPherson, M. ... McLeod, Lewis H. 2nd Lt. y Fr F D D D I B B I D H H E A I i I H F F I D Fr I I D D H C. Cc I H Cc B E B E A F D D D E F E E I H H H D D D 86 THEY PASSED THIS WAY Company Regiment 15th 15th 15th 41st 41st 41st 2nd 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 31st 41st 72nd 20th 73rd 73rd 31st 31st 31st 8th Battalion Remarks 44 De De 15th Dg—l4 yrs. of age 15th 31st 41st 15th 31st 31st 41st 41st 72nd 36th 36th 31st 30th 31st 72nd 8rd 8th Battalion 73rd 63rd 50th 41st 41st 41st 56th 15th 8th 8th 72nd 54th (?) 50th 41st 41st 41st D R R—Dis. HARNETT COUNTY IN THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES 87 Name Rank McRrae, Archie «.......-c-:cs-esene---- Byte McRae, John McRae, Philip McRae, W. M... McRaney, W. J. Norden, Alex _ Norden, John N.. Nordan, Jesse J... Nordan, John A.. Norris, Amos Norris, J. W. Norris, Nathan - Norris, Wm. A. Norris, John A. Norris, Wm. H. Norris, Thomas Norris, Winfrey . Norris, John E. Norris, Robert Norris, W. J.....--.--- Neighbors, John H Neighbors, George W. INABA AS 1S lh eee Nunnery, Joe Oliphant, F. O’Quinn, B. B.. Overby, Wm. B. O’Quinn, David Oliver, John . O’Quinn, E. _ O’Quinn, L. O’Quinn, W. P. O'Quinn, Wiley J. Oxendine, L. C. Banker. Jee Parker, James Parker, Gillam . Parker, A. L.. Parker, S. N. Parker, Allen B... Parker, Wm. A... Parker, John H Ratew Ps Pate, W. B Pate, F. Pate, W. B. Pate, S. K... Pate, Ransom - Patterson Shearod Partin; Gos: Page, Jesse .... Patterson, Arch BHHFQOT TW EU HH TNO ee Ue ee Company Regiment 41st 4ist 41st 41st 72nd 31st 31st 15th 15th 50th 7th Remarks 4 4 ' $th Battalion 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 8th. Battalion 8th Battalion 8th Battalion sth Battalion 8th Battalion 73rd 72nd 72nd 50th 56th 15th 50th 15th 15th 15th 15th 26th 15th 15th Sy (South Carolina) vous oy 8th Battalion 50th 50th 31st 31st 41st 73rd D (Later promoted to Set.) 88 THEY PASSED THIS WAY Name Rank Patterson, R. D. Patterson, Duncan A. Patterson, John . Patterson, A. B... Patterson, John W. Patterson, R. J. Pattishall, S. P._ Pattishall, P. M. Parrish, J. B.. Partin, John C. Partin, D. H.. Partin, D. © Pearson, Wm. Petty, W. S.... Phillips, W. A. Pipkin, A. S.. Pipkin, S. J... Cpl. Pipkin, Samuel D.. Pipkin, J. EB. J..... Cpl. Pickel, Frank _ Porter, Richard Pope, Josiah _ -Pvt. Pope, D. W..... -Pvt. Pope, Henry ..... Pyt. Pope, Fredereick Prince, Wm. A Prince, W. R. Pridgen, S. H.. Peacock, John D.. Pearce, Oliver W.. Penny, David - Priest, Calvin . Priest, Christopher ie Priest, John ...... .-Pvt. Priest, Owen Pollard, B. S.. Poliard, Robert Ray, Niven . Ray, Wm. D. oye RaycAser .-Pvt. Ray, David - Pvt. Ray, N. A.. Ray, Niven Raynor, Harvey Ratcliff, David F. Ratcliff, D. F.. Rawls, Henry . Reading, Jack Reardon, J. C.. Reardon, John Reardon, Lewis - Reardon, David IX, Reardon, Bryant _ Company Regiment > A E H H H H D E Cc Cc Cc I E F F Fr F F F E I I B B I H H D D D D D D D D D Cc D E H H H E D D Cc B B B B B B Remarks 1st Battalion De 1st Battalion WwW 8th Dg., rejoined and G 50th 50th 50th 72nd 41st 56th Ww 36th 53rd 36th 31st 63rd 15th 15th D 15th Dg 15th Res. 50th 15th 4th D 31st 51st Cap. 72nd 72nd 31st R 72nd 72nd 41st 41st 41st 41st 41st 41st 41st Ww 24th 26th 31st 41st 73rd 50th 72nd 31st 8th ma 63rd Ww 63rd Ww 31st 66th oe 56th De 56th Dg 8th Battalion 8th Battalion 8th Battalion aug HARNETT COUNTY IN THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES 89 Name Tete e Reardon, James Reardon, J. T.. Reardon, M. R Reardon, N. Ritter, W. J. Rickard, Adam . Rich, Zachariah .. Rising, James .. Roberts, Wm. - Robertson, T. 8. Rollins, E. Rogers, George Ryalls, R. H.... . Rogers, Ezekiel -Pvt. Rogers, Eli . .Pvt. Rogers, J. W. Reeves, Stephen Regals, John L._ Ruftin, Edward Ruffin, M. C. Sanders, H. J... Sexton, James A Searcey, iVncent Searcey, Aaron Sills, William __. Snipes, James N. Sellers, Flavius Searcy, J. A. Searcey, A. J. Searcey, E. —_- Stephens, F. M.. Stewart, Ruben . Stewart, Jas. B Stewart, Joseph A. Smith,, Noah ..... Smith, McRuffin Smith, Edward - Smith, Wm. J.. Smith, H. W. Smith, J. W. Smith, W. J... Stone, Elihu Stancil, Peter .. Strickland, Jas. L. Suggs, Deborah - Sykes, James B.. Sawyer, Manley ShellssOm bse Sexton, Randall . Sexton, Alvey - Sexton, Green Smith, S. M... Smith, David Company Regiment AQARQAAAADDHWH HOW WW POO OU HU Remarks 8th Battalion 15th 72nd De 72nd 41st 36th Dg 15th D 15th 15th 73rd 41st 41st D 31st 31st 31st 5th 8th Btn. 8th Btn. 8th Btn. 8th Btn. 8th Btn. 8th Btn. 8th Btn. 8th Btn. 8th Btn. 8th Btn. 8th Btn. Dg 8th Btn. Dt 8th Btn. 8th Btn. 8th Btn. 8th Btn. 8th Btn. 8th Btn. Sth Btn. 8th Btn. 8th Btn. 6th Regt. W & De 2nd Btn. Dg 2nd Btn. 8th Btn. 8th Btn. 47th Regt. 8th Btn. 8th Btn. 58rd Reg. Ww 46th 31st Regt. 31st Regt. 53rd Regt. (Also 15th Regt.) 53rd Regt. 31st Regt. RELL em a HRS rome erent ete 90 THEY PASSED THIS WAY Name Rank Smith, W. A. Smith, Daniel .. Smith, Noel W. oy Smith, John G. -Pvt. Smith, A. A. Smith, Randall H.. Smith, R. H._ Stephens, J. M. Stewart, J. K._ Stewart, J. W.... Stewart, John Wash. Strickland, Wm. R. Salmon, F. M. Salmon, J. T. Sanders, Edward . Senter, John A. Sloan, D. M..... Sloan, George W.. Smith, Alexander Smith, Duncan Smith, F. J. Smith, J. L. Smith, F. Rice Sauls, R. ..... Senter, W. H. Smith, R. B. Stewart, D. ........... Sexton, Dundan M. Sexton, Green Sloan, D. M.__ Smith, Cader _.. Smith, Robert B.. Smith, W. _. Spence, G. D Spence, John A. Smith, Noah ... Stafford, W. M Stewart, John A Stewart, J. Fi Salmon, James P.. Smith, Archie __ Smith, J. A... Solomon, E. G. Spence, W. R. Stephens, B. F. Stephens, E. J. Stephens, I. S... Stephens, John S.. Stewart, CG. J. Stewart, H. E Stewart, N. A Stewart, W. A. Stone, J. S.... Qaa Cc Cc Cc Cc Cc Cc Cc Cc Cc Cc D D D D D D D D D D D E E E E F F F F F F Fr F F F F Fr H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Company Regiment 6th Btn. 31st Regt. 7th Regt. 31st Regt. 31st Regt. 31st Regt. 31st Regt. 5th Regt. 31st Regt. 36th Regt. 36th Regt. 5th Regt. 38th Regt. 38th Regt. 41st Regt. 36th Regt. 35th Regt. 35th Regt. 41st Regt. 41st Regt. 41st Regt. 41st Regt. 41st Regt. 10th Regt. 73rd Regt. 73rd Regt. 73rd Regt. 15th Regt. 15th Regt. 50th Regt. 15th Regt. 15th Regt. 15th Regt. 15th Regt. 15th Regt. 47th Regt. 40th Regt. 15th Regt. 50th Regt. 50th Regt. 72nd Regt. 72nd Regt. 50th Regt. 72nd Regt. 50th Regt. 72nd Regt. 72nd Regt. 50th Regt. 72nd Regt. 72nd Regt. 50th Regt. 60th Regt. 50th Regt. HARNETT COUNTY IN THE WAR BETWEEN THE STATES Name Rank Bevis Pvt. Sandeford, James Senter, Charles Senter, M. J Shipp, N. M Smith, Daniel .. Smith, Hugh _. Smith, James H Smith, John Smith, John Smith, Milton J. Smith, Wm. _ Spence, George D. Spence, J. D........ Spence, William W. Stancil, Angus Stewart, James _. Stewart, William J Stewart, W. J......... -- Stewart, Alexander -Pvt. Stewart, Alfred - Stewart, Charles Stewart, A. W. Stewart, Joseph A Stewart, W. I... Stewart, W. H. Stewart, Wm. J.. Stephenson, S. D Tyatt Coley 162 ‘as pan eaae 2m _ Scott Turner Jr... 78 ne rane Brae Fe 2 bh win SS ee na lius Holloway... 49 te ae Grove - Julius Holloway... Juliu There were other Baptist churches in the existed for a short time, then vanishe to other churches. Harnett area which d, as members transferred No complete list of these is available at present. FREE WILL BAPTISTS i P ber of the ile nominally listed as a member | : R aoe An ie 1863, seems to have: beenotEenaes Ae a ae Will Baptist church as early as LBBB ae dea it ntennial year if that date is correct. Lease ae ceric incident to any rural shure pare is 2 es ng enone u : 3 oat ist eee eae : Perera ancient burial ee uae ue spree ice "the first Harnett soldier killed in War I. i ch, located near Er ene Seatrata setae probably organizes 2hovi ihe aisha e.88 re i evi Prospect, though there is some + i to its chureh. Like Prospect, it is still strong though it clings old time building. : Z in Harnett are Erwin Chapel, Other Mree Wil Bande eae Bal river road, Lee’s Grove i ion of 421 and the o : sen ne ie a eee Chapel at Buie’s Creek, Hodge’s Chap near Benson, and Gospel Tabernacle at Dunn. Erwin on the old Averasboro- PRIMITIVE BAPTISTS There are two Primitive Bapt St. chi rches in Harn . New 1tl 1 cnu : ett Hope on the old Raleigh-F ayetteville stage road a mile nor th of — - aca ee eee eee Se 5 ekitisnsetaspenene 108 THEY PASSED THIS Way Coats seems to be the oldest. No records of its organization are available but the N. C. Directory of 1868 lists it. Bethsaida, lo- cated near Hodges Chapel almost on the Johnson County line, may be older than New Hope. From existing records it seems to have been organized about 1854. When John Hodges donated the land for the church building he the use of the building. Rev. James Turnage and Rey. Wm. Har- ris, both Free Will Baptists, preached in the building for a num- ber of years, probably until the organization of Hodges Chapel gave them a building of their own denomination. OTHER DENOMINATIONS house is not known at this time. There are many other denominations in Harnett County. In 1895 a group of Jehovah’s Witnesses was organized in Sampson County and removed to Dunn in 1926. The first Kingdom Hall was built shortly afterwards. This is the second oldest congre- gation in North Carolina. Also at Erwin is the St. Stephens Episcopal Church with Rev. Eldridge H. Taylor as pastor. This was one of the four churches organized when Duke, now Erwin, was established in 1903-04. The other three were the Baptist, Methodist and Presbyterian. Rev. Samuel N. Hanff was the first Episcopal minister and it was during his ministry the first church building was constructed. pice: ee 109 HARNETT COUNTY CHURCHES i ick struc- It was destroyed by fire in 1922 and replaced with a bric i tatus. ture. St. Stephens now has full Dees Harnett. Pleasant Un- 5 ats hes i : There are three Christian chure s organized in Nov. 1863, ion, near Lillington, is the oldest. It wa inauspicious time. Elder i the middle of the war, at what seems Fuster members were one pets OU cae uk eee Mae Hatcher, Janet Long, nd 12 ladie: n, Leo- Perks Tene Ms eee Sarah Sexton, Jane Buchana ivil Ann McLead ee een ee SO ae eae ed Wile Pome . : e f d a iagtand Spence atte church has enjoyed steady growth an 7 er 200 members. : arene had ae ct eh ear ing as oe ee Hee eaety com eted ote aes st It is located in Dunn i , and the largest. 3 d Baie an eee HES tees under the leadership of the belove Dr. George Cuthrell. METHODISTS like many other denominations, got a rather Mapes he Meth- late start in Harnett. Noted for their missionary work, the odists ran into Ww when they came into the rock bound a stone wa : that incl I ae ae Sore spoke no Gaellic and the Highlanders understood no English. f a Methodist church being e find no record of a hurch was organized in Harnett ae ive MLSS a laa k eee of formed. On Nov. 10 of that year Alex McLennon, George land to William Pegram, Silas Douglass, Stephen A. Pegram, * * ince ell Rollins, Ruffin Prince, ich a Meth- Ae ea a Richard Cross as a) a a eae Odist church was to be built. Apparently, the in 1837. The Methodists, i the old Haile’s Meeting There has been some speculation that Lee Ree i y have been He House which stood nearby may rei eaob eS Tot areoe Ob MUS lack of Methodist r hodist nae pha the War ees a ma cn pea ¢ d terribly. Their loss ‘ cate a onie eee arate is a reference found to help the : . + in historian. that in 1857 Methodist churches were Giana 4 a is oan ned Averasboro, Cokesbury, We ty Be isa Basel, Capel in Harnett ee penis cane near Buie’s ille and was later m : yas no men- Che where it is now called Pleasant Plains. There wa i] oronweaenecreeenaseait 110 THEY PAssED THIS WAY tion of Spring Hill. It possibly had not been organized at that period. The war not only was responsible for the dstruction of so many vital Methodist records, it also destroyed the Confederate mone- tary system. There is a poignant note to an 1865 entry on the minutes of the Quarterly Conference record of the Cokesbury Church which still survives: “Amount received on pastor’s sal- ary, 1 stack of fodder.” One stack of fodder! The N.C. Directory of 1868 lists Methodist churches at Harnett Chapel and Hebron in addition to those above. It only lists one lone Methodist minister, B. B. Culbreth. Possibly, Hebron Chapel was the forerunner of the Lillington Church, which was organ- ized in 1869. The Methodist Church in Dunn was organized in 1887 with Rev. John F. Butt as the first pastor. Spring Hill Church in Upper Little River area was organized in 1867 with about 25 CHAPTER XIII HARNETT COUNTY SCHOOLS land on In the year of our Lord 1756, a grant for ae ks oo Stewart’s Creek in Cumberland County was C t it pects was nothing remarkable a ia a ne foc) ae apart from others issued the same ua Meee Catenion Came in was its location—and the man J ohn Seaman, Graham, if you care to accept his traditiona Pa aegeat es The land covered by the grant was in that ae OT Euan: ) now called Harnett County. It lies on Stewar Way i rth of Erwin. — ae OA Ee just below the pe es perches t ae : \ c : (ae hay ae eee res his profession. John Gra- \ taught school in it, for teaching A eee eae Ne anette tabl a caehdel inane a thinly settled, out- y blish a si é d , ome Sean ae wasn’t a baker’s dozen een ie the location svelte Smilies, Tim Cleaven, paris ; iG pea | ee McAllister, Dougald Stewart, Dushee Shaw, t 2 ACE ea more. But they wanted a school—even Timothy : + BL stab- ee John Graham’s way. He had a passion for esta d have lishing schools where they were needed. aug ae ee He holed up in Wilmington, Edenton or ene sla aabnigaie! Comfortably in one of those es ‘ niodictiana County in its cane Hee anieeea And where he lived Se ee enecdied fer the seeds of education he eae Connie Johnny Appleseed of education in the Upper ©: cot eaihey CHa The following year, 1757, he disposed ae ie Cnet rczent “land and moved over to the Head of Rockfish ne 5 do eae cil Seana the school he Sraltaae atest eeu _) with the later establishment of old Bethes UAE sig ees i( Sophia Lodge No. 25, chartered 1793, the oldes I Nin U berland. i | Pper Cumber Graham moved on to a pla f Rockfish, John Gr: ue oie cantante called because ee: oie aaa oe built on a road within sight of one another. is Fort Bragg Reservation. ; OEE At abent the time Graham opened his school i ing in the same area. Stranger from Pennsylvania began preaching in th 112 THEY PASSED THIS WAY He was the Rev. James Campbell, Preacher Jim, who brought religion to the Upper Cape Fear area. Oddly enough, the Rev- Campbell soon began holding services at the home of Dushee Shaw in the Stewart’s Creek country. Did little John Graham tell Preacher Jim about that section? It is probable he did. From Longstreet John Graham went on to Gibson’s Store near Lower Little River—where the Pee Dee and Cane Creek (later McArthur) roads crossed. There we lose track of this man who did so much to establish schools in the upper valley. Maybe to- day his ashes rest like Preacher Campbell’s in a grave in a briar patch. Only Little John Graham’s grave is not marked. But the school he started in 1756 on Stewart’s Creek, or one like it, was still in existence as late as 1891. By 1762 a large number of families had moved into the area between Stewart’s Creek and present day Coats. More schools were being built. In that same year Dushee Shaw made his will. One tract of land he mentioned lay between McPhail’s and Schoolhouse Branch. This branch heads near where Dushee’s home stood and just back of Carl Turlington’s new home on Highway 55, a scant mile north of Turlington’s Cross Roads. This section of Harnett has always been in the lead where schools are concerned. It may be of interest to note that in 1916 Gus Stewart of Tur- lington’s Cross Roads was transporting students from that area to the new high school at Coats by team and wagon. That was seven years before the county purchased the first school bus. (It now operates 120). : It is true these early neighborhood schools were mighty skimpy in the courses taught. Reading, writing and arithmetic, the three R’s, so called. But out of them came some fine folks who rose to fame in various fields. Some families were able to employ private tutors; others sent. their children to boarding schools in the cities. In 1808, higher learning came to the Upper Cumberland area with the establishment of the Averasboro Academy in that town. By 1840 the center of higher education had shifted to the Vil- lage of Summerville, three miles west of Lillington. It boasted two academies: The Female Academy and Summerville Hall for Boys. By 1846 the two had merged into a co-educational institution called Cumberland Academy. Its third principal was Dr. J. C. MeNair, who was responsible for the famed McNair lectures at the University of North Carolina. In this famous old Cumberland Academy the first officials of Harnett County were selected and the new county’s first courts | 4 S 1 HARNETT COUNTY SCHOOLS 13 Pay 9 i ber- were held there. Shortly after the county's formations Oe bite land Academy became Summerville Academy and op ny years. 4 2 : Porcine Teed in the Harrington-Mt. hacer amaale Pine Forest Academy came into existence sep A e occupied the at Averasboro, the academy and the Masonic lodg Same building. j hae Over in the Black River section east of Coats w i which flourished for many years. . 1 be trod Findlay Chisholm began a poate’ Be Abi Beto or academy. It was located on the old ei ae eron’s Hill at a place still known as Chisholm's erated at various There are also vague reports of academies oa e of Barclays- times around Cameron’s Hill and the ancient Nae sents ville in eastern Harnett. And there may te deny ianarnetlis It goes without savin eal, Buies Creek Aca famous educational center. — i cco and Benet it began its existence in 1887 ina oP ae We ve down boarded” building. Through the ee crap direction of its founder, the Rev. James aay: ; He students than grew steadily, always striving i offer more to f the three R's. i ‘ : TE Bee it developed and ever grew larger. buildings were constructed and more teachers pele ea Just about the finest thing ever said abou academy was this: No student was ever turned away from its 7 Te Cea ce oe eabal College, a full-fledged ime the Academy beca mpbell C sh J cue operating under the jurisdiction of the State Bap Hee onyenton: Mie aay son of the Sti a eee bas always, he and his staff are striving to ma : ot een institution that will give not only the people of A Va everywhere a foundation on which a life of usefu world may be built. It wasn’t until 1857 that we nett’s public school system. _ On October 16, 1857, Daniel Mc Board of Superintendents of Common made this report: Cash received of as located Stew- More have any written records on Har- Cormick, Chairman of the Schools of Harnett County, i i f the Board of E. L. Winslow, Chairman (0) cs Cumberland County, $850.70. This being 2/5 of Seay ia County’s proportionate share of school fund ta ‘ \ iti nd County tax collector. — a een sn No schools were taught in Harnett dur- | ing the Spring of 1857. Mr. McCormick adds that no tax as yet a a 5 aR a mia 114 THEY PASSED THIS Way has been laid by the County Court for common school purposes but assumes this will be done in the Spring term of 1858. The Board of Teacher Examiners was composed of A. D. Mc- Lean, W. M. McNeill and D. W. McCormick. Fifteen teachers were examined. One was a lady, Martha J. McLean. Who was this lone woman pioneer among Harnett’s teachers? Mr. MeCormick’s next report dated Sept. 6, 1858 is more in- formative. It shows the county was divided into 36 districts. Number of white children of school age: 1649. Number taught 716. Number days taught 1583. Teachers and the amount paid them: Neill McLeod ___ —$ 60.00 D.M.Baker $ 36.50 John A. Stewart 39.84 NeillRay Per eSb C. A. Cameron... Ss«O97.88 Dunean Sellers __ - 380.00 James Champion Jr... 30.00 Gilbert McDougald ____ 33.20 lait Cayiige BI INEST IVCIN Ge Bic eens 30.00 isl, 13, ligiMewacl 39.05 Women Teachers Joseph E. Adams... 36.00 C. lig Wim — 80.00 Lucian A. Avera _ -_ 60.00 Christian McRae ~ - 30.00 Jno. H. Hodges _ - 118.69 C.1.McDonald. 14.00 1D, Wie Siew. 2 Sy ay) Martha J. McLean 30.00 Arch’d. Graham 85.46 Nancy C. Cameron ___ pi SS Neill Buie was paid 16.00 for building a schoolhouse. Total salaries paid all teachers that term $933.49. To the teacher of today such salaries seem incomprehensible. _ Think of teaching an entire term of two or three months for an amount that would just about take care of an average teacher’s dry cleaning bill. Actually, it amounted to about 60 cents per day. In those days a teacher didn’t have to meet today’s rigid re- quirements. If he or she could pass the three man committee’s examination, that was good enough. Well, there was one require- ment: having the high courage to take up such work and the stamina to keep at it from one year to another. Physically, a good arm helped. It came in handy when birching the backsides of erring pupils. ) / Many of these early day pupils wouldn’t hesitate a moment if they heard a pack of fox hounds baying in the distance. Right out through the windows or door they went. They would return the next day for more learning—and a licking. Some of these little one-room, one-teacher old field schools had such interesting names: Aircastle, Buzzard Roost, Duck Pond, HARNETT COUNTY SCHOOLS ELS Glad Rabbit, to mention a few. Lillington children went to a hool ed Turkle Breast. : 4 Thay. were fireplace heated. Stoves came many years later : a d The blackboards were just that: wide boards, eens and painted black. Benches were used for seats. i in the future. evant : Hine eae So eea ee report for 1858-59 is a Le sea A a was spent for school purposes that year. But the i istricts. 5 eae eee teeth the amount spent dropped to $2,095.72 i -61 it increased to $2,284.50. pices ety of 1860-61, some new ne Na re aes list of teachers: Allen B. Parker, John set a aes) Les Penny, J. M. McNeill, E. a Se: cae wo S, and Mrs. Ann Atkins Withers. i ; Hikes Bat be noted that the Allen B. Parker ere faa hid S a of Harnett’s first lawyers. Evidently, Allen found le in’s i unty’s early days. 2 Meee Me ss inca teachers soon marched a é ye eae of them wanted and from which many did 4 a3 cae still extant, a letter written in Virginia in July, Sasa sep graph reads: “We buried Cousin Lucian Avera y aa put him decently away under a wild cherry tree on a ae Allen Parker and H. B. Holland also lost their Ne ieee ee Impact of the war is sharply shown by Mr. 2 om eae reports. In 1862 there were 12 teachers sara dt eae tricts and were paid $555.39. Four of the teac st Bhs SAMY Among the men was John McLean Harrington bs io ceeuaen tee! lishing a hand written newspaper out at See im: gine Barbecue Church. Scarcity of paper forced its susp ix war years. ? Tae McCormick made his last eee age aly and seven men teachers were paid $3,421.00. a ar ee nd going up! But then it is remembered this was ¢ er federate paper currency with which they were rata iaieet For the first few years after the war ee é a Sah gee re records concerning Harnett County. In ac’ ae ie ast common schools, as they were called, did operate. iy oa eaves Was no money available to operate schools, oF ee so = - that matter. People Were busy trying to bring i the war. : eae ‘ae ae cena h MeNéill, ae aa os fee pone treasurer C. H. Coffie. ‘ He ae Be Gaeta The sheriff had to ve mae the Supreme Court to win it. In the meee ae eee came insolvent, and the county commissioners, declaring’ Nine women 116 THEY PASSED THIS WAY tion vacant, selected John A. Green as sheriff in place of McNeill. Harnett’s home grown poet and balladeer George W. Miller took note of it with the following verse: Whoever knew such treatment as this the sheriff has received? But since he is out of office, he is very much relieved, He’s not bothered with the tax list now, and nothing of the sort. For it’s been assigned to John A. Green and he will make it snort. Schools couldn’t operate when the people couldn’t pay taxes. However, Harnett began to recover from the war. It was stag- gering but it was on its feet, even venturing a tentative swing _Mlow. and then. Beginning in 1885, records are available again. They show a deplorable state of school affairs. Buildings and equipment were in bad shape.’ Terms were short and attendance low. As usual, the teachers were poorly paid. J. D. Pegram, a Methodist minister, was county superintendent of schools in that year. He was paid $3.00 per day for the days actually served. In no case could he draw more than 5% of the amount set aside for school purposes. The Rev. Mr. Pegram was succeeded in 1888 by that old cham- pion of public education, Rev. James A. Campbell, who even then _ was laying the foundation stones for what is now Campbell Col- lege. He held the position until 1896. took over. Harnett had now recovered from the 1865 haymaker. In 1905 it felt good enough to stage a fiftieth birthday party just to show the rest of the state how well off it had become. Of course, the establishment of the Erwin Mills at Duke about that time was the shot in the arm the county needed and got. Four years later, in 1909, Harnett entered an educational era. In 1904 Mr. J. D. Ezzell Board of Education, were three men whose foresight i ty’s need in the field of education was little short of These men, these pioneers were: J. M. Hodges of the Linden bornly followed them. Many people who had been drawing salaries as teachers sud- denly discovered that being kin to a school committee member wasn’t enough to get them a teacher’s job. : Why those three fools on the Board of Education were demand- ing teachers woh had been trained to teach! If necessary, they | q HARNETT COUNTY SCHOOLS 117 i thi —it was hired teachers outside the county. This was unthinkable—i treason ! nthe ‘Chairman of the Board, John M. Hodges, ues See as an aristocrat. What did he know about the p. ae p ee their problems. He must go—ride him Oe ee be vs Gee that poetry writing fellow, Tom W. Harrington, Bradley with him! But these three men went on with their work. They meant to create a county school system that rould waive every cud aie a | chance to attend a school that was adequately equipped and TONER Tce these modest men Lele Seed aaa road with firm faith and steady steps. It Ne i Gj lies enabled them to survive the mouthings of the mob. i inni rn brighter. ted was beginning to bur n ae ue NE schools were in operation at Angier, Coats, Duke Dunn and Lillington. At Buie’s Creek, the Pee Boas run in connection with the academy. Some districts Sinaieyee ta foie Byrd P. Gentry succeeded nk tie superintendent. He efficiently served until 1941 wi r the work went on. cepti 21-22 school year. And ever the nt or Sane Bree small schools were combined, making it possible to offer elementary and high school Bein Bea ee pupils. In 1923 transportation of pupils by mo This was helped by constructing better roads over me oe It is a matter of deep regret that O’Jennings Bradley Thomas Watts Harrington didn’t live to see these res vce Bradley died in 1920 and a year later Harrington joi euonceaT ees en did live to see all ee ae se aa With the satisfaction of knowing he and ibis ea a ah had successfully completed their task, he Segue ane In grateful appreciation the County of Har vi H gold-headed walking cane for 16 years of selfless service. He one can men have served, and are now serving, us vo of Education and in the directing of eit see oe but it is conceded by all that credit for pee sate eee ship in public school work is largely due to ths these three men who placed service above self. OT cen For those who like comparisons, here are a from Harnett County school records: es aac as —_ een ae | | ea | \ \) | 118 THEY PAssED THIS WAY Hi 1900 1954 CHAPTER XIV i aa Population—1860 census __ 15,000 50,000 | {| i aan | School enrollment 3,000 12,000 RNETT COUNTY } I i Length of school term_ 50 days 180 days THE NEGRO UN i i | Number of schools.......... 68 24 | 6,500.00 5,250,000.00 The Negro came to the Harnett area almost as pea the 2 Reke 11,500.00 1,800,000.00 manent settlers. It is true he came as a slave, me a ane Buy Hpst i i nts. | Fe q *White children of school age 1,649 of the early white settlers came as ipagatures ere Hea Wer i | were people bound by law to serve the more affluent se i | Value of school property. Total school expenditures | In 1955 another bond issue of $2,000,000.00 has been voted for i ime. This was generally to pay for VS | ; school purposes by the people of Harnett. He paw ere debts contracted in their native land. f | We have come a long way on this Road of Education. But let Their lot was a little better than the slaves, though restrictions | us not forget that somewhere, someplace along it, lie the lost and placed on them were almost as bad. However, they could look lonely bones of the man who first started hacking this trail forward to freedom after serving their time; the slave could not. i through the wilderness of ignorance, The little man who signed Most of the first settlers of Georgia were convicts or indentured I himself: servants. i bles in the Harnett area. Seven of these owned 14 slaves out of te total ae 63 in the entire county. Francis Jones had 4, John Martinlear 3, Archie Buie 2, Dushee pay 2; James Thornton, David Smith and Thomas York had 1 each. The ees for the same area lists 251 taxables. i these, 62 owned 282 slaves. The largest owners were David | Smith 17, Coll McAllister 14, Elizabeth Smith 18, Archie Hay McNeill 13, George Easom 12, John Carroway 11, Isaac will jen 11, and John Lee 10. Eighteen pened: pee: six 2, seven 3, Seven 4, 5 and eleven owned from6to9. ; | The oe ae of Cumberland County, taken in 1790, lists the Hl Harnett area with 270 families, with 110 families owning ee slaves. The largest owners were Ferquard Campbell 50, meue Smith 42, the Williams family 72, the Northington family 36. The Buies, Clarks, McLeans and Monette owned sizeable num- bers. families had 10 or more slaves. ae | Brae BE the pattern forming. A few families ne on ia the rich bottom lands of the river owned over half the s aves. Out in the so-called back country, slave owners were few and far between. This trend continued for the next 70 years. a th j When the first census of Harnett County was taken in 186 : ( there were slightly over 1,000 families with a total population 2 5,480. There were 2,587 slaves, giving a combined population o 8,067. Forty families owned over half the slaves. Beri. Parson Neill McKay was the largest owner with 200, J. C. i liams had 102, Jno. Elliot 80, A. S. McNeill 80. Nat Jones, v 0 owned the land Lillington is built upon, had 56. Dr. H. M. pee / had 40 and Farquard Smith listed 37. The Atkins, Hodges, Mc- | JOHN GRAHAM, Schoolmaster The first tax list of Cumberland County in 1755 lists 85 taxa- | »—— 120 THEY PASSED THIS WAY Kay, McLean, McNeill, Murchison and Williams families were the largest slave owners. On the whole, the life of the Negro slave in Harnett was not too bad. It was about on the same level as the English peasant’s un- til the barons wrested the Magna Charta from King John on the fields of Runnymede in 1215. All these stories of the Uncle Tom’s Cabin type, featuring a cruel planter venting hideous punishment on his helpless slaves, is just so much hog wash. A slave was valuable property. A good field hand brought $500.00. If he was a craftsman: blacksmith, cooper, etc., he was worth $1,000.00 or more. The planter saw to the health of his slaves. Entries in doctors’ journals of the times shows far more calls on slaves than on whites. The slave’s spiritual life was looked after. Many of them were members of the same churches as their masters. There were only two families in the Harnett area who were accused of being downright cruel to their slaves. There are no Negroes in Harnett today bearing those names. A prominent man in the western part of the county has a standing offer of $5.00 to anyone producing a Negro resident of Harnett having either given or surname of the two families. Oddly enough, the slaves developed a caste system more rigid than their masters’. The butler—or major-domo of the house— ruled the roost. A house servant was very snooty toward a field hand, though he would tolerate as an equal, a slave who was a craftsman. Though the life of the slave in Harnett was not too bad it lacked one vital element: FREEDOM. In the Harnett area, until 1831, he did have a fair amount of liberty. Restrictions on his move- ments were few. He could, with the owner’s permission, visit around over the neighborhood, go courting, attend slave parties, ete. Then, in 1831, came the abortive slave insurrection of Nat Turner of Virginia. It spread into the eastern part of N. C. and even got as far as Sampson County. There the militia was called out, the ringleaders were caught and executed. The Harnett area had no trouble for it was never classed as a big plantation section. Its people were small farmers in general. Too, a lot of them were Methodists, arch foes of slavery. Nevertheless, it fell under the same restrictions as applied to other counties where trouble occurred. It was the day of the “Patty Rollers,” white men designated to patrol the roads and take up any Negro found on them without the written authority of his master. The slave was confined rather closely to the limits ' —— THE NEGRO IN HARNETT COUNTY 121 of the plantation where he lived. There were no more public meetings or jamborees for him. : The eedatiite conditions of bondage after 1831 made it neces- sary for the slave to look to a Higher Power for deliverance. He would slip away for clandestine meetings in the forests. Thus Was developed his mournful! melodies of hope § ‘Steal Away To Jesus’, “Nobody Knows The Trouble I’ve Seen”, ““There’s A Bet- ter Day Coming”, etc. , ; d Mane ives pe i to buy their freedom, and in quite a few Cases the owners freed them. The first business establishment in Lillington—a barroom—was Bit ne as by John Mc- Lean, a fre ro. This was abou L With Aetna of the War for the Confederacy many Ne- Sroes went with their masters as body servants. One of them— another John McLean—never forgave Captain Cutts for his re- fusal to allow him to bring his master’s body home, when he was killed in one of the battles in Virginia. : “Stink or no stink,” he mourned. “I’d a brung him home any- how but Cap’n Cutts wouldn’t lemme do it.” ‘ x Ff Many slaves were drafted to work on the fortifications aroun. Wilmington and other places. In later years, many of the ex- slaves who went to the war, or performed services for the Con- federacy, were placed on the pension rolls by special acts of ee legislature. Anson Bailey and Sandy Patterson, both living near Lillington, were on the Harnett County pension roll. With a thousand of its best men fighting in the Confederate armies, there are no recorded instances of Harnett slaves taking advantage of this condition and causing trouble. This was true of the South whole. rf When areata came to the slave in 1865, power was thrust into hands not ready to wield it. Authority, backed by Federal bayonets, was given to people who had never issued an order in their lives. Mistakes were made and excesses committed that only the Ee, ing of years—even generations—could obliterate. Most of t f depredations of the freed slaves consisted of barn burning an larceny. In all fairness to the Negro race, let it be said now that mest of the trouble makers were an irresponsible minority acting under Orders of the Union League and the protection of agents of the Freedmen’s Bureau. i Appeals for redress of grievances did no good. In eae Lea reached the point where if a white man complained He vot almost certainly expect his barn to be burned, or his livestoc Stolen within a few days. 122 THEY PASSED THIS WAY The Union League, which came with the carpet-baggers in the wake of the Federal army, began organizing the Negroes for political purposes. Any Negro who refused to join was called a Conservative, and severe punishment was dealt him by his own race. Naturally, the Union League operated in the interest of the Republican party. Their primary aim was to put that party in power and keep it there by the votes of the freed slaves. Nightly, the sky glowed with the light of burning barns. The normal sounds of night were mixed with abnormal noises: the scrape and thud of the feet of stolen cattle and horses being led away. The hoodlum element grew more reckless as the courts refused to convict them. Insults and indignities were the order of the day. The situation grew untenable and intolerable for the em- battled whites and the conservative Negroes. Then out of the night came the thundering hoof beats of horses ridden by white hooded and white sheeted riders. The Ku Klux Klan! There had been times when it was first organized in Pulaski, Tenn. the Klansmen wrapped the feet of their mounts with rags to deaden the sound of hoof beats. But not now. Ride, Redeem and Restore Order was the directive under which they operated. The Klan and similar orders by their nature operated be- yond the law, but they visited swift and certain punishment on the Union Leaguers. In Harnett there were two “deer” or local organizations: one at Averasboro, the other centering around Neill’s Creek Church. Almost every night one of the “deer” was on the prowl, venting punishment on a lawbreaker the courts refused to prosecute. By the end of 1870, the Union League had vanished. Law and Order had been reestablished throughout the state. But now the Klan began to get out of control. It had served a good purpose, but there were men in it who utilized it for the advancement of private aims. In some counties violent acts were committed in the name of the Klan, which brought it into dis- repute. The end of the Klan in Harnett came suddenly when the Neill’s Creek “deer” paid a call on a suspected barn burner. The suspect refused to open his door. One of the Klansmen, Ike Gaskins, crashed in the door. Ag he plunged through the opening, the Negro was standing beside it with uplifted axe. He struck, and the keen blade sank through Ike’s head. He slumped to the floor. The Negro dashed through the door only to be shot down in the yard. The hooded band marched around his body, firing pistol shots at his head. THE NEGRO IN HARNETT COUNTY 123 They left him lying there while they took their dead Sea home. This was the end. They scattered to their pola e ee up a few belongings before leaving. They knew ny ser Shals, backed by troops, would be after them in a Tew ound #8 Disaster had struck the Klan at Averasboro about e fe time. A Federal agent had wormed his way into the pees on and had been able to get a fairly accurate list of its mem ie ue Was discovered and shot down on a street in Averasboro jus the Federal men rode in. dap The abe gal come from the academy Sst iat ae Posed town meeting was taking place. The Federals ha ee in time to see the man fall—and guess where the shot came : The ded the building at once. ; ined even ae ladies at the meeting. One ki es Woman wearing a long cloak. The Federals Sorat ly a ie ke the ladies to pass. Then they nearly took the bui Boe oe looking for the rifle that had fired the shot—the distance ha’ too great for a pistol. They never f6untl the gun. In her own home pane Ser away, the tall woman took the ee st aes her long cloak a Cone it under the stones of the fireplace. ; pf Bye ine men of Averasboro were Joiming Shas ae Creek brethren in raising dust clouds, marking the last m mi i Harnett County. : ; : ORE Negro who had figured so gee a in ee incident: he died in the 1930’s, over sixty years oe i a Scalp torn off by the impact of thirty or forty pistol ul i 8. Merely furrowed around his skull without eee tee ae With the end of the Reconstruction period in 1876, 2 4 fe and white viewed the future with hope. Both races realize dependence on the other. never tas no industry in Harnett. There never had oe eo Was farm and forest country. And once again rs er ex the people turned to these friendly forests for I Sa ica Mostly, it was the Negro race which went into ee “Sandy Barrens” of western Harnett and in the eastern ae ae Turlington’s Cross Roads to Kit Barbee’s at Barclaysvi ae rane rented crops of pine trees and tended them for tie dirt farmers tended crops of cotton, corn and es 2 aid It was on one of these pine tree farms that ph ae pees Williams got his start. While his fellow workers ue ie ae after work hours, young Williams would be a ae ma me Books he paid for by leaving off part of his foo ; i LG BY such Spartan self-denial he educated himself to the p he was able to get a teacher's job. F| i 124 THEY PASSED THIS WAY He saved his wages and eventually got through medical college. He established his practice in Charlotte where he became success- ful and well known. So much so that he Was appointed minister to Liberia, where he served with honor to himself, and credit to his country. His high position was not fully appreciated by his kinfolks around Olivia. A friend was asking his uncle about him. “Oh,” said the uncle. “John Taylor’s done got to be a minis- ter now. He’s preaching over in a church called Liberia.” Another outstanding Negro of the Olivia section was Uncle Jack Murchison who, without aid from the Freedmen’s Bureau or joining the Union League, built Murchison’s Chapel at his own expense and preached in it until he was well beyond 100 years old. Some time before his death at the age of 127 he deeded it to his church organization. There have been many other Negroes in the years since free- dom who have been outstanding in their efforts to raise the status of their race. In the religious field were Parson Richard Smith, Ned Bailey, Bok Williams and “Father” W. T. Barney, all slave born. By their efforts they deserve a high place of honor among the Negro leaders of Harnett. The log huts, frame houses and brush arbors in which they preached have largely been supplanted by brick churches. In the field of education, Anson Bailey, of Confederate War fame, fathered a family of thirteen, six of whom became teachers. These old time teachers found education for the Negro in a log hut, and while they didn’t leave it in a brick schoolhouse, they laid the foundation stones. The brick schools came later—and are — still coming. Educational leaders of both races in Harnett realize the value of proper education. They are laboring earnestly to see that every child in Harnett, black or white, is given an opportunity to secure a high school education without Supreme Court directives. Time and tolerance is all they ask. } CHAPTER XV HARNETT COUNTY LAWYERS “Only a thin book stands between civilization and barbarism.” n The name of the author of that statement shoudiee pence ee & Stone Mountain; yet the compiler of Sueno ata y Sent search has been unable to find who did ma : it might be rephrased: cod bien “Only a thin book stands between barbarism and civilization: The Book of the Law.” Tt was an old book, this Book of the LEN It wae ae °n stone slabs by a man named a We call tha of th he Ten Commandments. tian 1 The Pena. of the Law was carved in BE Nee f a Simple a child could understand them. Through the th ae eh Years since then we have added thousands of laws ia e Natt All those thousands are based ya original ten Moses own inai’s cloud covered top. MHC added a new law or rephrased an ei are Managed to make it more cate ne Ea a specia ™Men—and some women—came into exis . : ye These people would make the laws and they ve ane Rai ily to make them sound as confusing as possible. z af Pen: More puzzling to the average man, they es ed ie aes Suage. This language came in mighty handy Nga a) above average mentality started asking Uealnean race tee Could always lapse into this language. By the a ae adataat ished spouting, the local yokel would be so ee eer Now whether he was going or coming or eat i °n the chain gang. These people were called ee ia: sie In fact, they succeeded so well in this matter on er tert €ven confused themselves! So another specia ae “Casals and again some women—came into existence. A : A2, hae. inter pret the laws of the lawyers so they could under: hese le were called judges. sale The ‘first fine a citizen of present Harnett County came 1 j i inutes of Conflict with one of these lawyers is recorded Ha Brae aa the Cumberland County Court of Pleas apa u Ree es aad (Reader don’t let those last few words confuse ps ae wage egal terminology for what we of today call a See sia a haty . Anyway, under date of January 27, 1756, we ing one David Kennedy who lived near Bunnlevel. 126 THEY PASSED THIS WAY “Tt is ordered by the court that David Kennedy enter Recog- nizance in the sum of 50 pounds, proclamation money, and John Brown and Timothy Cleaven, each of them, in the sum of 25 pounds, assores, that he, the said David, will keep the peace to- ward all His Majesty’s subjects and especially David Gordon, Attorney at Law, for the space of 12 months.” It isn’t stated what aroused Citizen Dave’s ire toward Lawyer Dave. Maybe Gordon had mulcted Kennedy of something. What is known is this: that if within the space of 12 months David Kennedy cut loose a haymaker at Lawyer Gordon, or any- one else, for that matter, it was going to cost him, he the said David Kennedy, 50 pounds proclamation, and his bondsmen, Brown and Cleaven, a like amount—a huge sum in those days. Kennedy evidently behaved for the next twelve months as there is no record of him being hauled before the court in that time. On April 21, 1756 these same court minutes tell us that: “Plunkett Ballard, gent., came into court and produced a com- mission from his Excellency Arthur Dobbs, Governor of the Province of North Carolina, appointing him the said Plunkett Ballard to plead as an Attorney in any County Court in North Carolina.” Ballard lived on the East side of Black River near the present Erwin-Dunn highway. So to Plunkett goes the honor of being Harnett County’s first recorded Attorney at Law. He seems to have done rather well for the court minutes record him as appearing frequently. Too, he is recorded as purchasing quite a bit of property in the ensuing years. About 1765 the Cumberland County Courthouse was moved from near the mouth of Lower Little River to what is now Fay- etteville. Since lawyers tended to live near county seats in those days, there are no more recorded lawyers in the Harnett area until the formation of the county in 1855. In 1740 Bladen County extended westward to the Mississippi River and its county seat was located a few miles upriver from present day Elizabethtown. It is recorded that about 1748 a murder was committed near Charlotte. A man rode from there to the county seat in four days to report it. An undersheriff rode back with him to arrest the murderer. That was another four days. Then four days more taking the prisoner back. Twelve days after the killing the mur- derer was lodged in Bladen’s log jail. It was too much territory for one county. In 1749 Anson County was cut off from Bladen; ang in 1754 the amputation of Cumberland from Bladen took place. Most of Bladen’s early records have been destroyed but Cum- 127 FIARNETT CoUNTY LAWYERS They tell us much about how berland’s are still in existence. fe ieea aie ived i days and the laws sone verte law was administered by justices of the peace seatered throughout the county. These early jayps Sorters oe ials i nd exercised consi } una thres ‘of hae ae as a body at a legally designated time i d because stituted a Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions. So calle i er year. they regularly met every three months or Sone arate as From the records of this Court, dating bac 5 i ae tt: it is noted the following justices living 1n Harne John McAllister at Averasboro Gilbert Clark on Barbecue Hector McNeill on Hector's Creek added. In 1756, Stephen Phillips and Soa ae ee Howard lived between the two Little Rivers; Averasboro. This court had the authority to ve s by our present day recorder’s courts. tried by the Court of Assizes at Ne Wee Te BI ice In addition, the court appoln i ic ferrys, to lay off roads. It set tax rates, issued ne a z Eu Public grist mills and ordinarys. These ordi bi ed inn and t t ere set b his same court. avern ir rates W y : 6 mn. heir a d eetin: laces These ordinar ys were important neighborhoo m g YP. in those early days. d and lodging for man In them the chance wayfarer found ae Hee Es aa bieter and beast. The citizens of the comm d i m, news was exchanged, re ee ae = Bete were broken. These re Z ued and, on occasion, 1, the civic ore ee place of the newspaper, the town hal club and even the church at times. da lic On January 11, 1757, ee cae issue t i at his house. ched in ° Tradition has it that Reverend James Campbell preached Dobbins’ tap room many times, using the most convenient place Te een ae ie Bley a ies was no church building in which to hold such services, i in 1757. When Preacher Jim came there in é} Other ordinarys in Harnett at that period were: Robert Love—near Linden i Richard Tredway—near Reaves Bridge William Hodges—near Lillington —-near Bunnlevel e miners brands were recorded and deeds of convey he election ance were proved before the court. Tt also conducted the uch cases as are handled More serious cases were ense to John Dobbins 128 THEY PASSED THIS WAY jurors for Cumberland’s Petit Court. The first grand jurors from the Harnett area: David Smith. First petty jurors: Dushee Shaw, John Phillips, John Clark, Stephen Gardner, Hector McNeill, Archibald Clark and Sampson Williams. First Harnett jurors to go to the big court at Wilmington: Robert Love, Dushee Shaw, Martin Trantham, Francis Jones, Archie McNeill and Gilbert Clark. (the Baptist) Copeland, Hector’s Creek to upper limit of county. This is one of the systems (with modifications as years went by) the Harnett area operated under until 1868. There was another system: the church. Harnett, being largely settled by the Scots, was naturally a Presbyterian stronghold. During those early days the Session of the Presbyterian church spent considerable time deciding disputes between church mem- bers. If Archie Buie had a row with Dan Cameron over the owner- ship of a piece of property, Archie wouldn’t think of yanking old Dan into court. That cost money. He had to hire lawyers—and pay court costs if he lost the suit. That would never do. Archie would bring the matter to the attention of the Session at its next meeting. The Session would decide the dispute and both litigants would accept its decision—and abide by it. This practice continued until around the turn of the past cen- Naturally, no criminal cases were brought before the Session. This practice caused mighty few Harnett residents to show up in the civil courts of Cumberland. Tt also might account for the county’s lack of lawyers. three lawyers living and practicing in its bounds. It seems inconceivable that in an area the size of Harnett there was not one single solitary lawyer listed as living or practicing in it during a period covering nearly 100 years! But none have as yet been uncovered. of sheriffs, court clerks and recorders and appointed jurors to the big courts at Wilmington ag well as grand jurors and petit William Hodges, John Smith, Sam Howard, John Stuart and In 1855 when the County of Harnett was laid off, there were places: 129 HARNETT COUNTY LAWYERS ived near These lawyers of 1855 were Daniel McDougald, who live F rs and MeDougald’s Bridge on Upper Little River, and J. A. Spea 5 ille. Neill McKay, both of whom Bee Se ecauiley jained About 1857 Allen B. Parker of the TS. ays anks : aoe Met Me and Dan McDougald joined nae i ants ; both those of the Confederate Army. Both Med i ‘MeDougald at Were promoted to Captain and both ee Wagner in 1863. Malvern Hill in 1862 and Parker at Bat - aly ie Gounty’in 1855 When the General Assembly created a The Legislature of it forgot to provide for a Superior Court. ; is oversight. tried in pene San Tee Superior Court cases were F ille. ob Johnson, EET on cases concerned a man named Jac d Jake as a jailed on a first degree murder charge. anaes ee ie eT bogey man to scare their children. Jake w i ’s hair! that he shot a tucking Poe ee oy moe fi eed Johnson claimed he coulan County. i of Samp- He got his case transferred to Clinton, county seat f instead of Son. This practice of trying case fe oe ened eeiedie j jurors from that coun ‘L hen oltswae toe cheaper than the Se a oe was carried Johnson was convicted and sentenced to hang. - back to the Cumberland County jail. he Sheriff of Cumberland As the day of his execution neared, the sn’t convicted by a stated he would not hang him. Said Jake wa: d + even a Cumberlan d, anyway, he wasn ‘ iff Jim catouatle Meioneed te Harnett. Let the Harnett High Sheri im. n hadn’t asc ee pointed out that the een no Superior been tried by a Harnett Court since the aa Tt was up to Court. Besides, he might be na en, After all, he had been the Sheriff of Sampson to hang Aes ; Na ees Spies a es es to be opposed peal iff —w. + Clai punishment fay and pote a once th If h just being hospitable, trying to heP B te id go to the that oes ‘the way it was appreciated, Dame of them! pet 7d have no m il wi iminal cases. He'd ng. After ae fae qiocked like apne es ie rai a Aone eri ; due reflection the ae to him to spring the ee Tae he did but before doing so, he gave Johnson a half pin id bu i h. and the privilege of making a farewell speec 130 THEY PASSED THIS Way Johnson swigged the liquor and made his speech. Instead of the usual “confession and meet me in Heaven” type of talk, Jake lit into the assembled multitude and cursed them to a farewell. Told them the only reason they were there was to see a public spectacle made of him. He then cordially invited all of them to go to hell or home, one or the other, he didn’t care which. He was still cursing them when the trap was sprung and Jake began “the Sundown Dance.” Yes, Jacob was a mean, mean man, who shot the tucking comb from his own mother’s hair. With Superior Courts established in the county, Harnett held its first one in May 1857. It was held in the Cumberland Academy building at Summer- ville—people still refused to call the village by its legally dictated name of Toomer. It was presided over by Judge S. J. Pearson, who appointed Allen B. Parker Clerk of the Court pro tem. Rob- ert Strange of Fayetteville was the prosecutor. No record has been found of cases tried at this first term of Superior Court held in Harnett. Though a jail had been built at Summerville, there was still no _ courthouse, and the courts continued to be held in the academy building until 1867 when the first courthouse, a wooden frame building, was constructed at Lillington. During the war period of 1861-65 the courts functioned as they did before the state seceded from the union. Then in 1867 began the terrible days of the Reconstruction. The carpet-bagger dominated convention of 1868 drafted a new Constitution which was largely borrowed from Pennsylvania. It provided for a board of five county commissioners to be elected at large by the voters in the county. The Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions was abolished and its duties largely taken over by the board of county commissioners. This reduced the formerly pow- erful justices of the peace to positions comparable to water boys —Jjust petty magistrates with very little legal authority and re- sponsibility. Townships were created as separate units of gov- ernment and all county and township officials made elective by popular vote. In 1875, with the end of the Reconstruction, the state govern- ment again passed into the hands of the conservative element. The General Assembly of 1876-77 modified many acts of the 1868 constitution as applied to county government but today, Harnett is largely governed by the acts of the 1868 constitution. In all this hullabaloo of the Reconstruction Period lawyers took an active part. In 1867 Alexander McLean, father of Dan Hugh of oratorical fame, was admitted to the bar and began to practice in Harnett. HLARNETT CoUNTY LAWYERS 131 ived In 1875 Oscar J. Spears, son of tt erinee qestataiGtel his license to practice, and in 1877 W. E. Mur to the bar. Then shortly after 1877, Dan Hugh McLean, remembered lawyer of the Upper Cape : t ice. oe pr ges tase Hugh, as he was familiarly called, was a noted ; : t orator. He could talk learnedly and lengthily aah a im any time. It is said that in all his career he a eae invitation to make a speech. That occurred ae er Creek Battleground Association asked him to a i i le. i king the date of the battl , “Hi Bat ene repre pr the colonel. “Me go down there and pp? praise the people who massacred my ae he ai that of In 1896 occurred another of Harnett’s famo rder of an em- an Indian named Ed Purvis charged with the ae ‘ht train. Ployee of the Atlantic Coast Line on a moving t ae between For a number of days there was heated con ae murder took Harnett and Cumberland officials as to wae AAR LAC nty place. Harnett claimed it was in Cea ae: : county wanted just as firmly stated it was in Harnett. Neither c the expense of the trial. The killing took place on a run b The crewman had spotted the Indian r Went from the caboose over the tops 0 ic ider f. the train. Fa ; a see ae followed, Purvis killed the railroad man és . i a just as the train passed over a trestle. Sere ese Mr closely, it was found the trestle was oor ‘ed moniicted and Harnett Ed Purvis was tried for his life. Tried, Si to hang. ing the mntene ane was no argument as to who was to spring a i e. trap of the gibbet.. That grim task fll to Harnett Sheriff Pope, The day of the execution arrived—so did mos oe ‘on CGE of Harnett County along with quite a cy pte legal execution joining counties. This was to be Harnett’s firs ante to see it. (in the county proper) and it fee: everyone W ic one, too. Kil. : The sextraias gad ae on a hillside back ee ON aa Purvis was offered the usual doomed man’s drink an . He took both. t Pd ote Dae ee urged the throng to lay off in aug companions and to live by the Bible. His listeners p and close attention. -@ iam-packed with them. Win- The hillsides and housetops were Jam-pa gs wormed their way dows in viewing range bulged. Small boy’ probably the best ceived his license etween Fayetteville and Dunn. iding in a gondola car and f the moving cars to boot 182 THEY PASSED THIS WAY through their elders’ legs to obtain a front row vantage point. When detected by their parents they were cuffed and sent away, only to return to a new point distant from the heavy hand of the parent. Patent medicine vendors had closed their cases of cure- all to look and listen. Horse traders tied their sorry looking nags; and even the bar tenders had closed their doors. Everyone want- ed to see the hanging. The noose was placed around the doomed man’s neck; the hang- man’s knot was adjusted under his ear at the right position to instantly snap his neck. A breathless hush fell over the throng as the sheriff reached for the lever of the trap door. A fat little man with pop eyes and a red face stood in the front row. Inthe stillness his whisper sounded like a shout: “He’s a mean lookin’ b—,” he broke off abruptly, abashed at the attention he had drawn. The blood seemed to be ready to join his eyes in popping from his face. W-h-u-r-m-p! The crash of the trap door shattered the stillness as Ed Purvis hurtled into Eternity. While the body convulsed and quivered, the roof of a nearby house sagged under its load of onlookers. A limb of an oak loaded with spectators looking like a row of perched birds, split from the trunk with a ripping, tearing sound to shed its load on the ground below. So at last Ed Purvis was dead. The rope that hung him was cut in short lengths and distributed as souvenirs. His poor body was bought by a doctor and, in time, it became a skeleton to be studied and analyzed in the progress of medicine and surgery. So, in dying, Ed Purvis did some good in more ways than one. For Harnett County never had another capital criminal case until 1925 when Rory Matthews shot and killed Dan McLeod in a dispute over the location of a road. Rory was tried, convicted and sentenced to die in the electric chair at Raleigh. His lawyers appealed his case to the Supreme Court and won a new trial. Tn his second trial Rory was again convicted but this time on a charge of second degree murder. He went to prison claiming five of the witnesses had, “bore false witness ag’in me.” One had even made the statement that he would like to pull the switch that would send the lightning of heaven crashing through Rory’s body. One by one the five named by Rory Matthews died, and died violently. One had his brains blown out in a tobacco barn; two were killed in auto accidents; another drowned in Upper Little River. The fifth? He was the man who said he would like to pull the switch on Rory. He was killed by a bolt of lightning! To this day Rory Matthews has outlived them all. po HARNETT COUNTY LAWYERS 133 Yes, Harnett County has had some strange cases in its short life of one hundred years. y a In its courtrooms its lawyers have battled va t or free the accused parties—depending on which side employed them. Calm faced judges, once lawyers ener Kal ate over these courts, ruled on admission of evidence oe fait dia proper legal procedure was followed. They dispass AG marized the evidence and instructed the dae Ww! a When verdicts they could return. Sometimes they made as His ‘ they did there was always a smart observant iets oe face and use it in fighting his client’s case. anal 0 ae ape fell the unhappy task of passing sentence on the g happier one of freeing the innocent. So this is the story of the Lawyers of Harnett ee ae men and women who use a thin book to keep civilizatio reverting to barbarism: the Book of the Law. HARNETT COUNTY LAWYERS J. F. Wilson, Dunn. E. F. Young, Dunn John Oates Harris, Dunn valiantly to convict Deceased Blanket Ballard ‘ a 1, 183 tt, Lillington i “linet Hiram Seen Lillington Curtis Muse, Lillington : We P. Byrd, ee han Retired from the Profession aviness H. Brown, Lillingto aon L. B. Chapin, Lillington UH ites ie ae John D. Johnson, Lillington J. H. Naylor, aa S. D. Johnson, Angier D. M. wullltord 4 un Dan Hugh McLean, Lillington James Best, a Be Alfred M. McLean, Lillington C. C. pee Ua Neill McKay, Lillington ae er Be W. E. Murchison, Lillington = pate ot ann Chas. Ross, Lillington aspar Warren, Dineen Ed. Smith, Lillington Joe E. CAS re Hy g O. J. Spears, Lillington L. L. Naa yee, John A. Spears, Lillington Geo. D. Woo re, Percy L. Smith, Angier John W. Se a F. H. Taylor, Buies Creek y Hee: J Lillington i & Bins Shut Marshall T. Spears, sepa 19} Grissom Davis, Dunn W. G. Mordecai, Lil raed R. L. Godwin, Dunn D, B. Teague, Lilingto Bo in, E. L. Gavin, ¢ C ie Goda a F. T. Dupree Jr., Angier F. P, Tone Dunn Jake Turlington, Dunn Clarence J. Smith, Dunn ao Henry, Coa in Wm. Anderson Stewart, Dunn -...... a i Lae D. M. Stringfield, Dunn N.R. ses By a N. A. Townsend, Dunn J. M. bean E. C. West, Dunn Ed Carr, Dun NT 5 gi SNM ae _anon reer ms 134 THEY PASSED THIS WAY Living and Practicing L. M. Chaffin, Lillington Franklin T. Dupree, Angier J. R. Hood, Buies Creek W. A. Johnson, Lillington Walter Lee Johnson, Lillington J. T. Lamm, Lillington M. O. Lee, Lillington Robert B. Morgan, Lillington R. B. Morgan, Kipling B. F. McLeod, Buies Creek Neill McK. Ross, Lillington Neill McK. Salmon, Lillington James Spence, Lillington H. C. Strickland, Angier A. R. Taylor, Lillington W. C. Bell, Dunn J.S. Bryan, Dunn I. L. Doffermyre, Dunn Howard G. Godwin, Dunn Chas. Guy, Dunn Glenn Hooper, Jr., Dunn Mack M. Jernigan, Dunn J. A. McLeod, Dunn Max McLeod, Dunn D. K. Stewart, Dunn H. Paul Strickland, Dunn W. A. Taylor, Dunn I. R. Williams, Dunn . C. Wilson, Dunn O. West, Dunn R. Young, Dunn Z G. Hee! IS} azel F. Young, Dunn Dunn, Dunn W. Wilson, Dunn Qa Js qy > CHAPTER XVI HARNETT COUNTY DOCTORS The first doctor in what is now Harnett aa Me cee a shaman, or Indian medicine man. yeaa rar white bro- probably a better physician than his contemporary thers. sure he stomped around his patient, howled, chanted words in an unknown tongue and performed other ene een was done to scare away the evil spirits that bedevi i Sa NGa and build up the sufferer's confidence in the sift. attain ifications, the physicians of today do the same thing: the patient’s confidence. Me pe aelee : The Haitian gave his patients certain liquids ee aig brewed from native herbs. He also used a scarilie : ick thirteen rattlesnake fangs which he used to ieee doe- man’s arm so the poisonous blood could Cees meets and leeches tors did exactly the same thing, only they used lane instead of snake teeth. The Indian medicine man through experience—handed down 3 i e and self acquired—had learned certain herbs Nis Lean e treatment of certain ills. He had also found ee Nan roa swellings. He had developed a primitive type ‘alcine man was treating certain types of fevers. The Indian an pane was. It not the quack a lot of folks thought—and ae ise idea of bleed- would be interesting to learn how he acquired the i ing a patient. n The Indian patient would pay the shaman a dozen ears of cor or give him one of his surplus wives for pulling aes Daca spell of sickness. The early white doctors Hae In exam- with meat, bull hides, barrel staves—almost any ae ta patient ining journals of the early physicians, it is a i Maybe he want- rarely paid until one to three years had elapse ‘ d lasting. Quite ed to make sure the treatment was effective a cting. In one often the physician had to enter suit before co or aes peient case that went to court the physician had made a diate because he who had died. The doctor made a charge for we i caeatstitie! had not been notified of the patient’s demise. © fused to pay and the doctor brought suit. He collected. imple. The patient was Early methods of treatment were simple Next he was bled. first bli d with plasters and poultices. I 2 The Meee oleatenadl Tf these failed he was advised to ma his last will and testament. 136 THEY PASSED THIS WAY Harnett’s first white physician was Dr. Andrew Crawford who lived near Buie’s Creek. He was one of the first victims of the great fever epidemic of 1759-60. For that reason all we know about him is gleaned from the inventory of his estate. Among other items was listed a white horse, a white dog, white shirts and breeches, white stockings, shoes with silver buckles, a powdered wig, an eyeglass with a black ribbon, etc. Dr. Crawford must have been a striking figure: dressed all in white, riding a white horse, while ahead frisked a white dog. Down toward the end of the inventory is listed: 1 lot of papers (his medical library?), some silk and two lancets! No record has been found concerning Dr. Crawford’s origin, when he came to Harnett or where he was buried. He apparently had no family. Dr. Buckner Stith, a grandson of Lawrence Washington who was a brother of George Washington, began practicing in Averasboro. The people in and around Averasboro had a deplorable habit of settling arguments with guns, knives and brass knucks with half-inch steel spikes welded to them. There were a few times when they even used fists! Naturally, Dr. Stith became quite proficient in patching broken heads, sewing slit skins and extracting more bullets than teeth. The story is told that at a political rally at Averasboro a voter was nearly disemboweled by another. The victim lay propped against a tree, listening to the orator of the day, while Dr. Stith efficiently sewed him together again. So proficient did he be- come with needle and thread he was waggishly called Dr. Stitch. He removed to the eastern part of the state about 1835. In the meantime Dr. Neill Buie was practicing around Cam- eron’s Hill where he died about 1838. Very little is known of him as none of his journals have been located. In 1830 Dr. John McKay from Robeson County set up practice near Buie’s Creek. Fortunately, his journals, along with those of his son, Dr. John A. McKay, and his grandson, Dr. J. F. Mc- Kay, have been preserved. This gives us a very good history of general medical practice from 1830 on. The first Dr. McKay’s rates were 50 cents per mile. Medicine was included if the distance was over five miles. Bleeding, blis- tering and clystering were governed by circumstances and was a Separate charge. If he had to stay with a patient continuously, his rates were 2.50 per day and the same per night. Ministers received special rates. He excised a toe nail for Rev. Lewis Pipkin for 50 cents. Several days later he bled Rev. Allen McDougald for the same amount. 137 HARNETT COUNTY DOCTORS of castor oil for the children of An 1830 entry lists a bottle iat nese Worlds Duncan McAlpin. Seems like this castor has plagued them for a long time. f May 1, 1830 shows he a int mere Butts for 1.75. The next day he prescribed a p i then. of brandy for the patient. Nathan probably fee eee In those early days there were no drug stores seen caitia tions. The physician was also the apothecary. stock of medicine with him. Dr. McKay’s entries show freq McIntosh who evidently ee near ee Consultations with other physicians } as Dr. McKay had totaled his pa ee paar to 351.25. Present day doctors please . ceaiamnuion Hush An entry of March 29, 1831 shows he ra niente i iftiness. McLean, already noted for his thrif id 25 cents. Tonnes Teese Salts for 20 cents. Everyone else paid 2 . idwa: Tailor Hugh lived with his twin brother ae ea) between Lillington and Buie’s Creek. eee rola keep his in a ens and when they gathered the eggs eac ne Gutouloceas long-necked gourd. They took turns at coo card for Hugh’s sion when it was Hector’s turn to cook, he rea i ith: egg gourd. Hugh stopped him wi oN a’, na’, Hector. Ye cooked fra a gour expect me to support ye all oe life? ies in the journal: f a14 ee ‘21, ago es Atkins for self. Extracting tooth an anodyne pills, 75 cents. : July 25, 1833. James Spence—uprl fractured arm, 8.00. A te aa later joi i ill for 2.00. ‘ 4G ee ha a i to Oct. 17, 1833 ae ec Dat ae Save William Smith of Averasboro. fallowred by Setdlétiz pow: + : . . la. e ing, blistering and clystering formula, re erat ae dare cues and soda powders. On the pe aah ie ra given magnesia, calomel again and senna. icines. On the bleeding, an emetic, paregoric and sundry ner AGAR 9th there was a shift to lime juice and quinine. jui in and spirits of nitre. f rg IbeS rh atin seme on ee ea fore Dr. McKay was called again. De. MeKay noted that he nit ’s drops and magnesia. Dr ith. On the spent ae time, day and night with Mr. Smi i ion. On 28th and 29th he had Dr. H. M. Turner Pai PO nacans a the 30th it was Dr. Robinson of Fayetteville. bled, blistered and castor- i i Dr. t consultations with a the resent town of Jonesboro. listed from time to time. Tt amounted d yesterday. Do ye snes t ver—visit in haste to se he put in place a shoulder 138 THEY PASSED THIS WAY medicine were now being called in. Definitely, the patient was getting worse. In the following days there was a shift to ether and hartshorn with a camphorated mixture being used frequent- ly. There was no more bleeding and just one more blistering. The last entry in the case was Oct. 17. William Smith. Visit and attention. There was no mention of medicine. Evidently, the patient was too far gone. In examining his journals—and the same thing is noted in other physicians’ books—one is struck by the attention slave own- ers gave their slaves. This is understandable. Most of Harnett’s slave owners only had a few, consequently, they were almost like members of the family, even though they were slaves. It is interesting, too, to note the medicines used at that time. In addition to those listed heretofore there were opodildoe pills, squill, flowers of sulphur, Poorman’s plaster, digitalis, opium and Dover’s powder, Balsam of Copiava and, calomel always. Another item is noteworthy—or its omission—the doctor of those days was rarely called on in labor cases. It was the day of the midwife, of childbed fever, and DEATH. Even at that late, supposedly civilized date, it was next to heresy for a male doctor—and there were mighty few female members of the profession—to be called in labor cases. When he was called, he went with a hopeless feeling, knowing his case was already lost. As recently as 100 years ago in childbirth cases in some sec- tions of the country, the doctor had to work by feel under a sheet spread over the patient. Those were the days of patent medicines. Papers were filled with ads listing their wonderful curative powers. For instance, “Leland’s Liver Invigorator: Recommended for purifying the blood and for bilious attacks. A dose after eating will prevent food from rising and souring. Taken before bedtime it will pre- vent nightmares. It will positively cure worms in children and relieve the 7 year itch in 7 days. Also useful in the treatment of fever and ague, dropsy, cholic and cholera morbus.” A fellow could get rich in a hurry selling stuff like that—if it would do a tenth of what is claimed for it. As a matter of fact, many doctors of a hundred years ago dida profitable business selling medicines and pills of their own con- coction. Many hired agents to travel over the country selling these pills and potions. It was a perfectly ethical procedure of those times. Dr. John McKay practiced until shortly before his death in 1854. In the meantime, his son, Dr. John A. McKay, had started taking over his business. 139 HARNETT COUNTY DOCTORS probably. the pest read medic of ical i nts in of surgical instrume ace journals do not show general practi- This second Dr. pee ee his day. He also owned the fin : the Upper Cape Fear County, though ne ane he made much use of them. Primarily, tioner, not a surgeon. rlington, One or case he mentions was that i eevee arr who lived near Turlington’s Cross Roads. fae wheel that pow- been caught in the cogs of an overshot wa the cogs above the ered his grist mill. The leg was pulled cate De HoMeitae! knee before he could be freed. In ane n was made. The ner and Dr. W. M. McNeill a hip amputa i retfully notes the Operation was a success but the journal reg Patient died. eph F. McKay, who be- Pe eM ae sn eens Dr. Joe, as he was i his father’s pr: é F nd well earn tau oni served his community faithfully a il hi i t in 1935. Raul Sie g taken 2 wo be fin ecard tht Does Pas oe over by his son, Dr. John McKay. other fields than that of the John’s i t in medicine lay in maya Veteran’s sone wera Today, he is a psychiatrist at the ital i teville. randfather, mats tee i eee of 105 years chee Ae tte: continu- father and son, have served the Buie’s oie si y many areas. ously. A record that cannot be matched haf f old time country Other sections of Harnett had their aes er Little River doctors. There was Dr. Ruffin Buchanan 0 li a less than five who always walked to his patients if ee a miles away. A Dr. McLeod lived near ee McDougald of the Also on Upper Little River were Dr. J. : ‘ocd McCormick who live McDougald’s Bridge area and Dr. John Ce tae near Barbecue Church. ae retina i aT North Carolina Mason. In 1865 he was Gr Masons. - who was wounded in the . Martin Harper who little ae ee Saale ntaunds for the Confederacy ae Pied surgery thereafter. Dr. John Tyler an deta wounded at around Bunnlevel, took care of the Conte Gettysburg. It was Dr. McLean in company lington who had advanced ideas on idemic of malaria in til the con- ik pis had been no such outbreak unti A > they asked struction of a nearby mill dam. To test their ae they the mill owner to drain his pond. He flatly retus with Dr. W. M. McNeill of a the cause of malaria. ae rs. the Bunnlevel area. e 140 THEY PASSED THIS WAY Now these two medics knew nothing about mosquito borne epidemics. They blamed the miasmas from stagnant water as the cause. A few nights after the refusal of the mill owner to drain his pond the dam was blown sky high by explosive charges. Naturally, he promptly indicted the two doctors, charging them with the crime. They had no trouble proving their innocence when the case came to trial. Dr. MeNeill hadn’t forgotten the story of his granduncle “Cunning John” McNeill. The fever epidemic subsided shortly after the destruction of the dam. Incidentally, it was this same Dr. McNeill who took as his sec- ond wife a lady whose birth he attended 40 years before! One of Harnett’s worst epidemics was one by a band of gypsies in 1870. It wasn’t fatal to many but it sure did mess up the good looks of a lot of folks, Naturally, the worst epidemic the county had was the Spanish d gaze searchingly at all a home showed no smoke One out of way home in er of habit by a passerby ey. Inside were six dead houses in eye range. Ifthe chimney of someone went to investigate at once. young age of 28. Dr. Farquhard Smith, of the Smithville community in lower Harnett, was a veteran of four years service in the Medical Corps of the Confederacy. He then spent another 30 years serving the people of Harnett and adjoining counties. He was one physician who successfully combined spiritual and physical healing. Two more veterans of the Confederacy were Drs. Spence and Harrington of the Cokesbury community. 141 HARNETT CouNTY DOCTORS nett with so many doc- The Williams family has furnished 7'9° ched epidemic propor- tors one physician remarked they approa' ti ; f them as “The N. C. Business Directory of 1868 ee seis Dr. Wil- Practicing in Harnett: Dr. B. 0-7; pr. J. 8. Wiliams at Mill liam Williams at Barclaysville an tory also lists Dr. A. D. Grove on Lower Little River. The ean lea yh as practicing Cutts, captain in the late Army of ae Dr. James W. Atkins in Barclaysville. So was another ve of Lillington. | Turner was the greatest Without doubt Dr. Henry neat? has known. He had dar- sureconvehe Weber aera ra his hands to do what his judg- ing and imagination; petra in 2 fe i CT. ca = Othod ple nte eRee him highly eae pany things him for consultation. His journal casually a h the femur as if as hip amputations and amputations ee lists “opening and they were run of the mill items. In 186 i draining abscessed appendix. ed the abdomen he first In those days before a surgeon open ffairs in order. Re- made certain the patient had his ear ie r came out with his member, this was 10 years before Lord ee Reginald Fitz read book on antisepsis and nearly 30 ee Pp ciember too, a lot his classical paper on acute appendici ta or laid across a couple of times the operating table was a barn do dy or perhaps opium of sawbenches, no antiseptics and only brandy for an anaesthetic. m Montgomery 1 ill, the red- 1823, : Sane cae he married Caroline McNei of Archi- headed, beauteous daughter of Neill and ees : his bride a bald and Jennie Bahn McNeill. Dr. Turner built for his e Fear below Buie’s fine mansion called Healthy Forest on the Cs des in 1871 from ived until shortly before 1 others but cane Fie bad saseaetally fought this gam eiahe cemetery could do nothing for himself. Boy por Eee can trace their in Anson County. Many people o i urgeon. roned others ae iiter iit of Harnett who eee oreo the here en like Dr. J. H. Withers who also anes also the first Court; Dr. Coll Sexton, Dunn’s first bia am led auto buggies; doctor a Harnett to Bily One Earth tt he to own and Dr. Haywood Roberts of Coats, first nee Hs Holt of Erwin, who fly a plane—it later killed him; and Dr. W. od Hope, at Erwin. established the county’s first hospital, t 4 at Dunn the Harnett Along with the Harnett On eve eae service facilities. area is fortunate in having two s County to Harnett about R SAA eres tng to the public. It is proper to close this partial list of Harnett doctors with a tribute written by J. Carlyle Williams to Dr. i Linden who died in 1937. ace “Dr. Melvin literally was wedded to his profession. His pass- ing leaves a great gap in the rapidly thinning ranks of ‘Good Samaritan’ country doctors. Like most of his i. : : b Cc ti Dr. Melvin did a great deal of ch others a snaannsctshe-piaaeacaatiligiaineet ae CHAPTER XVII AUTHORS, POETS AND PAPERS “Authors, Painters, Poets The title of this chapter should be: Totor thrown in for and Papers,” with maybe a composer or scu ood measure. ; It is ‘abet inconceivable that a county ne eae With as many people in its borders as there aoe or sculptor. how, cannot boast of a recognized composer, pain if ed renown True, Mrs. Walter P. Byrd of Lillington has at a ese in of considerable extent as a teacher of art aes ave heat the Baptist Church at Chalybeate Springs. An feld of art but, Several others with more or less local fame in the Fa cil! unfortunately, we cannot offer competition on pruners hatohre As for sculpture, the best samples the county ’s infrequent €xcellent snow men turned out during one Odor pene ding frog Snows. As children, many citizens modele ble walking sticks houses in the sand beds and turned out aba at aaatenity: ornamented with dog heads carved with a two As for composers—? PAUL GREEN Maybe the fact that in Paul Green we have one c fe Tee : Outstanding authors and playrights makes up other branches of art. Certain it is that Paul Green has won honor for the county—and nation—where Srew up. With all his fame he still manages to be Pa life eit the finest compliments ever paid him was by a real Harnett so often immortalized in his dramas. restate? The Said Bolivar McRae: “Why he’s just as common as : Was Bolivar’s highest tribute. : e Maybe Paul Grae is so close to Harnett, so part ohare average citizen fails to realize the true greatness Rie eeaps Leon McDonald, Harnett’s own Sage of the San "when he explained the man Paul Green better than anyone else aes ‘ 4 has been Mister “Tt has been a long, long time since Paul Cad paar Green or Professor Green. The omission 0 ene 7 o the people tha quent. His name, unadorned, conveys more t # Harnett Coun- titular appendage could do. A farm-boy citizen o in a ty has Became a citizen of the world, who speaks eloquently 1d: the Universal language understood by all the people of the wor language of Art and Beauty and Truth. fame for himself and he was born and ul Green. One of izen of Se nT sa ee 144 THEY PASSED THIS WAY POETS Harnett has had, and still has, poets by the thousand, mostly young folks writhing in the acute misery of their first love affairs. Every schoolhouse blackboard in the county has been chalked with their doggerel and the fly leaves of books bear evidence of their — poetic efforts. Unfortunately, they got over these affairs by marriage or otherwise. More unfortunately still, they got over their poetic bent at the same time. Maybe one day there will be an exception and the county will boast of another Longfellow, Hawthorne or Whitman. Harnett’s first recorded poet, and ballad singer, was the 14 Irishman, George W. Miller of old Averasboro. His mother, | Caroline Cross of Virginia, was a poetess and ballad singer of — no mean ability, so George came by his talent naturally. He had an uncanny knack of sizing up a situation and limning it with verse and song. Politicians mortally dreaded his biting © comment in rhyme if directed at them, and did everything possi- — ble to stay in his good graces, George W. Miller was not the underfed type of poet who ran to spindly legs and long hair. He was a little man, actually, but he was compactly built. From his Irish forbears he had inher- ited a hair trigger temper and he would fight at the drop of a_ hat—or without it, for that matter. When talk reached the fighting stage his voice would drop to a — croon, like a mother talking love talk to her baby. Suddenly, he ’ Bill stepped aside. Unfortunately for George, Bill was standing in front of a massive lightwood hitching post—horses don’t like Though George trained himself by butting the heads from turpentine barrels, this lightwood post was more than even his hard head could take! During the War for the Confederacy George W. Miller served on detached duty with Clingman’s brigade. He was a one man U.S. O. troupe. At night when tired soldiers sprawled about their campfires he would tune his battered banjo and stroll from group to group, his lilting Irish tenor lifted in the songs they knew and loved. “He’s worth more than a battalion of men,” said General Cling- man on more than one occasion. Just before the surrender at Appamatox, Miller escaped through the Federal lines, riding one of Clingman’s blooded horses 145 AUTHORS, POETS AND PAPERS i to the general. As an officer, Clery Seana Ua De this gold when he Officer, Clingman would have had to deci: ‘ler. surrendered, This was why he entrusted it to Miller th George got safely to Averasboro. There he made ; h. inki h, and talking too muc i ’s vard OT Vanes Sine s neato at Bia solt we reteaed to make him reveal the hiding place 0 ai Inn at Barclays- They trotted him behind ee gig) ae he still refused to talk, Pe where they: Henney A eba 3 Mill in lower Wake they trotted him to the grove at Myatt they pulled him up County. Miller was still stubborn. eae Wheeler's cavalry, this time it was for keeps. Luckily, some 0! | cut him rid meena from the surrender at Bennett's House down and saved his life. he In gratitude, General Clingman Rah etteville. Here he married—for his thi oa acs When the first boy arrived be was nam ho Miller’s old commander. ; ller. Soon But the life of a merchant was not for ak Nha en Tt he was back at old Averasboro, farming, fig vee his ballads and was at this period he published a small ee te fe Verse. Epitaph on a Dead Horse was taken e mistake im up in business at Fay- ife—Nancy McLeod. rd wite eiuganin EPITAPH ON A DEAD HORSE ’s horse is dead and gone, NOTE he’ll want for hay or corn. P No more he’ll feed now from his oe i No more on earth he'll make a track. Poor old Bill we’ve known him long, The only horse on his master’s en, Old Bill was never known to falter, i der. Or to refuse his corn or fod i While Bill was sick, his friends did come, And for him every thing they knew ae done. We drenched him, and we od i But all our efforts was of no avall. , old Bill he’s gone to rest, eee for him it’s much the bee les You see that “watchman” sitting ? He feels as proud as Lucifer. f He knows a feast is drawing near, And he for one will get his aah ane He flaps his wings, and spreads i “ He leaves the oak, and takes a rail. 146 THEY PASSED: THIS WAY Says he, “old horse, my favorite beast, This day upon your flesh I'll feast. Yes, Old Bill, you’re dead they say, You’ve paid the debt that I must pay. And all who live beneath the sun, Must settle up, as you have done.” Though Miller took a prominent part in Democratic politics he never held an office higher than township constable. He pre- ferred being unfettered by political promises so he could use his caustic wit and verse as he saw fit. In the late 1890’s he sang his last ballad and wandered away to join Sweeny, Blind Homer, Villon and other spectral singers in Spirit Land. Harnett can proudly claim three poets with published works. Thomas Watts Harrington, “Mister Tom W.” as he was more familiarly known, was born in the Harrington neighborhood near Mt. Pisgah Church on Sept. 5, 1849. He represented Harnett in the House in 1887 and 1903, and in the Senate in 1907 and the special term in 1908. For many years he served on the Harnett County Board of Education. To A Mockinc Birp Wizard of song of all the choir, With skillful touch, th’ aerial lyre Yields unto thee its varied strain Of carols Sweet; And every song thou’st ever heard Was ever sung by any bird, In waving field or shady lane; Thou canst repeat. O little blithesome King of birds, Thou hast the music and the words. The poor old thrush essayed to sing, But could not stay; His song you so much better sung, And clearer spoke his mother tongue, I see he’s stretched his whirring wing To fly away. 147 AUTHORS, POETS AND PAPERS The vaunted trill of nightingales, Whose notes arise when evening pales In dulcet strains in summer time, T’ve never heard; But when I wish for varied song, In springtime gay or summer pene ; I’d rather hear the King of chime, The mocking bird. i i ing Harnett on the cur- A neighbor of Mister Tom W. is Seat aie on rent literary map. She is Mrs. Daisy eae a Broad the Broadway-Swann Senge ee se foe fon ner Way. She is part Harrington ‘ ee ist Church eee author of, History of eee: ne stilted and History of the Kelly-McLeod Clan. Le oe epee? small volume of prose and poetry, entitle . day” was taken from it. Live For ToDAY IT have learned to live for today. de Time was when I browsed amongst ae memorl Danced amongst my ancient griefs ce ges and lived almost entirely in yesterday. T devoted the rest of the time to Dreams of the future Until I had a sudden awakening That the world was passing me by. My first job was to see That I belonged to this day. Now I leave the rest to God And face tomorrow—with courage. i j ts is Hub- The third member of the Harnett ven ote tela i bard Fulton Page who grew up on the See eee bin Present he is living at Buie’s Gre of the Cape Fear volume of verse called Lyrics an er daand aiobies Country. In it, he tells in verse many te ae ecadinesitva Fear Country. It is fascinat ee ee apie to read. The following 1s taken |e 148 rte cea come EET a — a THEY PASSED THIS WAY THE Cross CREEK WRASTLE He ruled Little River and he ruled Cape Fear, Big John The Bully O. Never hit the dirt and never took a dare, But he met his match at the Cross Creek fair, Big John The Bully O. Stood six foot-seven in his wiregrass hat, Big John The Bully O. Shouders broad as a brewing vat— Had hipped Bill Saunders and laid him flat, Big John The Bully O. He ruled Black River and he ruled Mingo, Little Ran The Ready O. Arms as tough as a hickory bow, Buckskin and steel from tip to toe, Little Ran The Ready O. O, you ought’a’ been at the Cross Creek eyo — Ought’a’ seen that wrastle O. Little Ran, the weasel, Big John the bear Hitched and locked and sawed the air— Never such a tussle Oz. The backers’ stakes lay ringed around,— Never such a gamble O. Big John weighed yan two hundred pound. It jarred the town when he hit the ground— Naver such a tumble O. He rules all the rivers and he rules all the fair Little Ran The Ready O. Never hit the dirt and never took a dare. He threw Big J ohn—and he threw him square, Little Ran The Ready O. NEWSPAPERS In the field of newspapers Harnett can do better. True, the county’s earliest printed paper only dates back to the Dunn Sign- weekly, it was owned and edited by a lawyer named N. R. Rich- ardson and apparently ceased publication the latter part of 1888. 149 AUTHORS, POETS AND PAPERS i ed Harnett Courier, own dclttel bra Tie enon Ee sec bero business man. i , now a leadin siness a Tt oa Rept Ulaeaten 28, 1888 and sey aciiter of year tee On its news staff were the Te of Lillington, Chalybeate Springs, later president an now of Lexington, Ky., and Charles T. Stewart of Buie’s Creek, sper Publishers’ Asso- one time president of the Southern Newspap Seauts itt- Ciation. y Grantham and J. P. Pi The County Union, edited by rf ay of it dated Jan. 1, 1896 Dunn paper. «ah indicates it began lists ea hens eens 51 of vol. ci at tena 26, 1898, is Publication in Jan. 1891. A copy of it, dates ott a5 5 “pitt. owned by Mrs. Neill S. Atkins of Lillington. Frarenditie ator man as pumas: A. M. Woodall as ig eal nee The editor in that issue concerned the dangers of i aha support more than Mea Marais See ieee as selling for 5 ae ife. hat year of 1 1 i in it claime ate cae going at 6% cents. An adi a sure cure for consumption. at time or there was some Dunm either hed shores say ee Boe 1 of the Central THe ae eal Bites, GK Grantham as editor and Times dated Feb. 26, 1 is 1G ted ; it that has been loca . The last issue of it lling at Sete ete It listed country ans a iouaster and 15 pe per pound: Fryers were priced two to ushel. : ittman, ae aiditen to tie Weekly Guide, published we eta in there is some evidence to indicate other avian Dunn Dispatch Dunn before Busbee Pope began Stee ears later! Few April 1, 1914. He is still an Nae eek : i t record. j ne egan pub- Mae Saar a Steele is hot on Bs re Be y a 1919. lishing The Harnett County News at Lie teoklios. The Cape Before that time Lillington had at least "Wo Wet ublished in Fear Pilot, edited by John Tyler McLean, w ter was being pub- 1903. Around 1907-08 The Harnett Repor i i two well yas el ene “Reporter wee alae ie: ie “Judge” Known Lillington citizens of colon, ging around the court- Crowder. Judge got his searat bah: Fe aeyuelia yer of room until he knew almost as d tri- that day. vered by weekly anc Although Harn ee easily paper to be published for a x : when Cae era eet dpe of Dunn supplied this need w in the county. 150 THEY PASSED THIS WAY he established the Daily Record December 6, 1950. Through the years it has had its ups and downs but continues its steady growth. It is regarded as one of the best afternoon dailies in the state. HAND-WRITTEN PAPER Many years ago Sonny Tilghman started a daily paper in Dunn but the time was not propitious for this enterprise and it suspend- ed publication after a short life. It has been impossible to find copies of all papers ever printed in Harnett. For this reason there are probably some omissions in this list. One such omission was caught in time. This paper though was not printed! It was hand-written! For the story of it we go back to the Harrington-Mt. Pisgah community and John McLean Harrington, one of the most remarkable men who ever lived in Harnett. John McLean Harrington, son of James S. and Margaret Mc- Lean Harrington, was born Noy. 2, 1839 at the Harrington home a mile south of Mt. Pisgah Church. At the age of 12 he graduated from the Pine Forest Academy, a fashionable private school near his home. He then attended Haywood Academy near present day Moncure, and probably Don- aldson Academy in Fayetteville. In a letter to his father from that city he states he is having trouble with Greek. At 15 he was back at Pine Forest Academy—as a teacher! In a note he mentions that his salary for a three months term was $154.00 and five pairs of sox. Even so, that was fairly good pay for a teacher at that time, even in a private school. Public, or common school teachers, only received $15.00 to $30.00 per month. D. G. Worth, merchants and naval stores operators of Buffalo sands, and a few venerable holly trees. But Buffalo Springs was the publication point of Harnett’s first newspaper and its only magazine. Evidently, Harrington’s bookkeeping duties were not heavy for in January, 1858 he brought out Number 1, Volume 1 of The Young American, a hand-written magazine of 28 pages, eight by ten inches in size. On his fancily decorated title page in beautiful script, he states, “The Young American is devoted to news of the day, literature, ~~ 151 AUTHORS, POETS AND PAPERS ‘ i thing.’ prose, poetry, etc. Independent in all things, ase mS Terms were 20 cents per copy or $2.00 per a rrington noted the In his second issue, dated Feb. 1, 1858, ‘* mahip Leviathan. British were having trouble launching the stea’ : lin Campbell. In In India the mutineers were defeated by Sir Colin omeone had d Turkey the grand vizier was dead of Rae ie “The French taken a pot shot at the French emperor in 7 blamed the Italians for this. , some There were several brief stories and a number of poems z ds and busi- of both written by Harrington. Quite a number of ads a a d scattered through the magazine. re SD HITHER COTE M. D., stated he could ee found a a father’s residence when not CN, nee Hester Harrington advertised for a first rate hand to just received a hogs- and J. and D. G. Worth announced they had jus hich they would head of new crop molasses and 5 sacks of ete The same firm Sell cheap for cash or on time to prompt ae Bs and would pay announced they wanted 20,000 white oak stav' $15.00 per thousand on delivery. ttorney at law with Daniel McDougald announced he was sone Ca asionwend offices at Summerville, N. C. Quite a iladelphia forwarding merchants of Wilmington, New po SEE 4 and Baltimore had ads in this issue. The bac Facets was its to an ad of the Pine Forest Academy. recanted aie was sec- Principal. The ad announced the institution in ata get them ond to none. Persons sending their children could g boarded for $6.00 per month. As if getting out over a hundred c Young American wasn’t enough, Harrin, Weekly newpaper in April of 1858. It was linger Newsletter. ; ‘ d that, a was called “The Nation” and its masthead announce ” blished— “The voice of the Nation must be heard. ae ee i x16 or hand-written at Buffalo Springs on one fe folded letter size inches and written on both sides. It was then for mailing. : rat slant. . g o- Democra : Tt was a newsy little sheet with a eae late sheriff Jim In fact, heatedly so. Harrington referre 1 ated ininted that he Johnson as a Know Nothing American W Seonhis Would be wise to drop out of the House of Commons race n W. Ellis editorial page Harrington came out fat toc cae and R. for governor, Major John G. Gilmore for the ‘ 1d enough to vote C. Belden for sheriff. Yet Harrington was a eee for the candi- at this time. Maybe he was acting as mouthpie dates he plugged. opies each month of the on began publishing a y a sort of early Kip- 152 THEY PASSED THIS WAY In the news section he took note that Superior Court was in session this week (May 22, 1858) but did nothing except try two land suit cases and made a mistrial in both. In the lower court Jonathan Wood was convicted of hog stealing and sentenced to receive 39 lashes, which sentence was put into execution. One story was headlined “A Sad Occurrence” and related that a little 6 year old boy, son of J. M. Beasley, was at his father’s sawmill when he fell in the pond and was drowned. Another item stated that “Alvin Wade was murdered in this county by John Olive last week. Olive has not yet been arrested.” Thus spoke The Nation. There is some evidence to indicate that Harrington later chang- ed The Nation to the Semi-Weekly News and that in 1860 he began publishing The Weekly Eagle. All his publishing activities were stopped by the coming of the War for the Confederacy, and Were never resumed at the end of that struggle. During the war he taught school and kept the postoffice at Harrington—which kept him out of doing army service. This reacted against him in later years and he took to drink. From then on one can see the deterioration of his brilliant mind in letters he wrote which are still extant. Death ended his career April 3, 1887 at the age of 47, just a few months before Harnett’s first printed newspaper was issued. CHAPTER XVIII AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY AND TRANSPORTATION ing ‘reversed for without Perhaps the above heading should be’ rev te transportation there would be no industry, an try to absorb the products of agriculture we See Bk ae we were 200 years ago, herding sheep on a rocky digging on a sandy beach. i d But first things first. When the Harnett area ee ie settle in 1740, agriculture was practiced on a very small scale. ; ds. Corn The settlers planted only enough to satisfy ae ete ae aE and wheat were, of course, the major crops. ; e, ) , f the clothing planted for use in making cloth. However, Bur sheep wool. t i hides was made i hat was not made of animal hi spun its thread and wove its Nearly every family carded its wool, cloth on home made hand-operated one there were professional weavers in every neighborhood. : At one time, Harnett had vast quantities of sheep ae used both for wool and eating. In modern times, pr sheep are raised in Harnett. Each community had a tan yard for ta leather for the local shoemaker’s use, or t by the community tailor. a What cash income the farmers received was from sate ae Me market at Fayetteville, and—in earlier days—to Pe 2 irginia. : h With the settlement of the county, a larger part ee income came from the forests thegne the sale of ba Shingles, tun timber, tar and turpentine. — : But here as in agriculture, transportation was ie Bee Le The roads were miserable affairs. The Cape F ae aA Brought untamable. For a time—1856 to about ap Ww fs eae under control by a series of locks and dams; and s Cane athe familiar sight on the river. But a freshet destroye dams prior to the war and they were never rebuilt. i By then railroads were piercing the county. Be epee 1852, the Western Railroad began Con Hc aie Pwestern Ville. By 1860 it reached Jonesboro. It Lines ro me qd Yadkin Harnett. This road later became the Cape Hear alley. i : irt About the same period, plank roads began replacing the dir Yr i into its own. oads, and farming began to come e cotton was grown After the invention of the cotton gin, some C it for use locally in the making of cotton clothing. Actually, i nning animal hides into o be made into clothing 154 THEY PASSED THIS WAY wasn’t until after the War for the Confederacy that cotton was grown on an extensive scale in Harnett. In 1880, 9,281 acres of cotton were planted which yielded 3,627 bales or about 130 lbs. of lint per acre. Acreage devoted to cot- ton steadily increased until the boll weevil invasion of the 1920’s, when cotton acreage began to decline. In 1953, 22,500 acres were planted, in 1954 20,135 acres and in 1955 there was a further cut to 16,433.2 acres, which with good weather will produce about 15,000 bales which with seed will return Harnett farmers over $3,000,000.00. No tobacco at all was grown. In fact, the census of 1880 shows only 32 acres of tobacco in Harnett which produced 9,510 Ibs., or roughly 300 lbs. to the acre. In 1954, Harnett had 21,157.6 acres of tobacco which produced 29,051,693 pounds or an average of 1373 lbs. per acre. The crop sold for an average of 52 cents per lb. or a total value of $15,106,880.36. In 1880, 2,398 acres of wheat were planted which yielded 10,957 bushels or an average of less than 5 bushels per acre. In 1954, 4,684 acres were planted which yielded over 86,000 bushels or 18 bushels per acre for a total value of about $150,- 000.00. In 1880, 21,244 acres were planted in corn which yielded 180,- 458 bushels or an average of less than 9 bushels per acre. Since corn is not under control, there are no accurate figures available for 1954 but the acreage would probably run to better than 44,000 acres, with a yield of 35 to 40 bushels per acre. Most of this corn is used on the farm for livestock feed. The lowly hog produces the most amazing results in the farm figures. Harnett farmers have always had hogs—from the old-time, long-snouted pineywoods rooter to the modern blooded animal seen so frequently today. About 1940, the Harnett County Farm Agent, C. R. Ammons, working through the civic clubs of the county, launched a hog raising program. The civic clubs of the county raised enough money to buy a small number of blooded gilts which were dis- tributed to 4-H Club members and farm students. Today, the value of hog products sold through the hog markets at Dunn and Lillington reach the amazing figure of five million dollars! Prominent among growers of blooded hogs in Harnett are the Turlingtons of Turlington Cross Roads and the Byrds of Bunn- level who pioneered in the movement. Breeds grown are the bacon types: Duroc, Spotted Poland-China, Hampshires and a new breed: the Tamworth, which resembles a pineywood rooter, but is a remarkable producer of the best type of bacon. 155 AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY AND TRANSPORTATION all their eggs in baskets to go to ng respect- Truly the farmers of Harnett are not putting One basket but a lot of them are putting eggs 10 F market. The poultry industry in the county is assum able proportions. : Currently, the County Agent’s Office, : fention to run of the farm problems, is pushing € poultry business in Harnett. rs A survey, completed as this is written, shows ve ene a ve and “cross road” filling stations sell 262 cases 0 tae are: Clyde Farmers who are taking the lead in this Berane Ed Hatley, Miss Lizzie McKay and Whit Spence o Mack Collins, i[& Byrd, Sam Byrd and W. E. Temple, Bunnlevel; Route ence HL M. O’Quinn, Mamers; Pierce Patterson, ? W]e How- Route 1, Broadway; D. A. Huffines, Camenenis eee act ove ard and Cary Howard of Route 6, Sanford. a spresd. develOD- of these poultry pioneers listed to show the w! ment of this new business of Harnett farmers. she tanned by The farmers are diversifying; no longer ae oes an the specter of a one-crop economy system. : e feta KER is using modern methods to produce Renee ’ Over the hump as yet but he is almost to - t the Hard top eeeie eee and the telephone have brough farmer to town. ; He is living better, eating higher 0 1g he Setting less for his products in a steadily ri Situation. i j A In 1955 his production costs were higher due ie tere ae of commodities he had to buy. Yet the products lower in value. 7 Time was when nearly every farm had a: Considerable acreage devoted to commercia and dewberries. tions, these commercial or- Today, with a few scattered excep t plight- cChards as a memory, dotted with the decaying stumps of blig: destroyed peach trees. be iar Some vegetable products are grown for local and nearby kets but the value of these is not large. A great number of farmers have const Stocked them with fish. This practice i milies. asset. Each pond will supply the fish needs of five (5) fa postin in ses. In addition, over 250 owners use them for ee Aaa oe he number of these farm ponds is growing steach'y- Now 700 of them. Tn 1988, prior to the beginning of the ho gent had induced the County Commissi0 looded bulls for the use of all the farmers 0 pesides paying close at- development of ahs d the hog, living longer ani a sing cost of living norchard. There was ] growing of peaches ructed farm ponds and gs becoming @ valuable ty rogram, the Coun ae to purchase some f Harnett. 156 THEY PASSED THIS WAY As a result of this program, there are in Harnett today over 3,000 pure bred cows which will produce a like number of calves yearly. These calves, fed for the market, will return Harnett farmers $300,000.00 yearly. Outstanding cattle growers with the breeds they raise, along with the number of breeding animals are, in the Hereford class: Cameron Harrington, Broadway... 50 Gilmer Badgett, Broadway___ 15 W. H. Byrd, Lillington____ E 50 J. E. Womble, Lillington. 40 Sion Wilburn, Lillington 60 Mac McDonald, Lillington _ 85 Clarence Campbell, Lillington 25 Jeo Walliamsyedn,: sr win- seaside Ulan eaeriameitay 85 W. J. Cotton, Kipling King Roberts Farm, Erwin. 15 J. P. Gardner, Angier ___ 228%) ALe@ Barefoot, Angier 2. see) nal 2) iW: B= Bruce,-Overhills= saan inne gga 25 In the Aberdeen-Angus field are: Hid Pardie? Dunn wigist wet iwi pho beduislo. aleacte teed Ralph Johnson, Fuquay_ C. R. Meadows, Lillington Louis Baer of Dunn is operating a so-called Jewish farm on which he has a herd of 15 Aberdeen-Angus cows. Out in Western Harnett, near Spout Springs, the Babcock Lum- ber Company is running a herd of 100 feeders of the “hump- backed” Brahma bull sired variety for the market. But that isn’t all of the cow picture. In an effort to get away from dependence on Wisconsin and parts of North Carolina for dairy products, the Farm Agent’s office is pushing establishment of dairies in Harnett, along with milch cow ownership by the individual farmers. As of now—1955—there are 3500 milch cows in the county. Major producers of dairy products are: Jeter J ones, Melvin Den- ning, L. F. Johngon, A. B. Godwin, Carson Gregory, High Sheriff Moore, John West, H. E. Nordan and Mrs. Ballard of Kipling. Jones, Denning and Johnson have recently installed “Milking Parlors”, the latest sanitary development in automatic milk- handling machinery. In the development of the hog and dairy business, Harnett farmers now have 7,000 acres in permanent pasture land. In addition to crops already listed, Harnett farmers in 1953 (the last year of available records) grew about 8,000 acres of 157 AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY AND TRANSPORTATION f soy beans; 6,000 acres a; ata sweet potatoes by 8,000 families on oats and other small grains; 4,000 ac: : of hay crops and nearly 2,000 acres of Iris and other vegetables. All of this is grown 4,000 farms. , Harnett is woefully deficient 1 ‘ee i ished at Duke— In 1903, the Erwin Cotton Mills were aver Loa ees now Erwin. They employ several thousan' , aechave ia since the beglining of their operation, these mills i ty. been a financial bulwark when hard times Sse tae There are a number of smaller industries scatte ‘11: : ] ro- nett. The Lillington Garment Company at Lillington Is the larg est of these. : tly established feed The Lillington Roller Mills and two pocee nine feed prod- mills at Lillington and Angier, specializing 1 ucts are thriving industries. vor Tener real old timer is the John A. MEY ce aaere ‘s Company at Dunn. Then there are many ae ees eee Dunn, along with a thriving tobacco, hog an Dae alone Many small sawmills are scattered over the eee uy roling, Lil- some larger lumber plants at ae Coats, Angier, , lington, Bunnlevel, Olivia, and Duncan. + : The County has two large building contador Oe Wei ‘ of Dunn and R. M. Turlington at Lillington. e Lethe number of smaller ones who are constructing some buildings. , as 5 ee ate trataporienots the County is CEC es Be work of hard-surfaced roads, along with the the ee Nees e Durham and Southern, Durham and Sent ae : sare aaa and Southern, Atlantic and Western and The Cap Yadkin Valley Railroads. ly days of the Harnett area, t a ae ee ach a they were, criss-crossing the County. Ev F way the names of the roads have a suggestion of poeta oe places: the Cane Creek Road, the Road Lea ee Hare Wilcox’s Iron Road, Green’s Path to the Pee Dee, , ea King’s Highway! i . Ah, there’s one for you—The Ho See the roads traveled by those dauntless souls ¥ i today came into this country and made it—and us—what we are because THEY PASSED THIS WAY. ee ras And remember: Never is a man lost on a how he got there. n industry but is making prog- there were quite a few BIBLIOGRAPHY Cumberland County Records Harnett County Records Anson County Records Department of Archives and History Records State Library Records Supreme Court Records Secretary of State Records Union Records of War of Rebellion Moore’s Roster of North Carolina Troops Clark’s North Carolina Regiments Michelot’s History of France Brown’s History of the Highlands Sabine’s Loyalists of American Revolution Bouchier’s Loyalist’s Reminiscences DeMond’s Loyalists of American Revolution Gilroy’s Loyalists in Nova Scotia White’s Colonists in Bondage Saunders’ Colonial and State Record Emmons’ Geological Survey Olmstead’s The Cotton Kingdom Paschal’s History of North Carolina Baptists Grissom’s History of Methodists McKinnon’s Truth About Flora Macdonald Carruther’s Old North State United States Census Records Bassett’s Slavery in North Carolina Harnett County School Records Journals of Doctor John McKay, Doctor John A and Doctor H. M. Turner xm n A. McKay, Doctor J. F. MeKay Autobiography of General O. 0. Howard Parker’s History of McNeill Clan Harnett County Church Records Harnett County Agriculture Office Records North Carolina Directory of 1868 Sellers’ History of Captain John Avery Records of Lobdell Car Wheel Company Hale’s Industries of North Carolina Records of North Carolina Grand Lodge of Masons Cox’s Lines Page’s Lyrics and Legends of the Cape Fear Foote’s Sketches of North Carolina Papers of John McLean Harrington Wheeler’s History of North Carolina McLean’s History of McLean Clan Files of Fayetteville Observer Ray’s History of Ray Clan Wicker’s History of Flora McDonald Personal reminescences of several hundred people APPENDIX n the House and Senate from Harnet Members who served i Date N. CG. Senate 1856_. _D. M. McDiarmid .J. T. Gilmore -Duncan Shaw .W. B. Wright .W. B. Wright _A. D. McLean .A. D. McLean _J. S. Harrington J. S. Harrington “Geo. W. Pegram Neil S. Stewart ‘Danile Morrison ‘John McCormick J. A. Green J. W. Taylor F. P. Jones H. L. Godwin Thos. W. Harrington Ww. G. Turner J. R. Baggett . A. McLeod Walter P. Byrd Neil M. Salmon J. R. Baggett Pp. A. Lee Fred §. Thomas t County. N. 0. House art & J. F. Bethea ae ae TES: Harrington C. Wright & J. 8. Harrington Jessie Shepherd & John McCor: A, D. McLean & Neil McKay Neill McKay B. C. Williams Neill S. Stewart Neill S. Stewart depekUs Gre , hn A, Spear aayil H. McLean C. H. Coffield Daniel aud th niel Stewar nies W. Harrington William Pearson M. V. Prince Neil A. Smith Neil McLeod L. B. Chapin Dan Hugh McLean W. A. Stewart | Thos. W. Harrington w. A. Stewart J. C. Clifford Neil A. Smith Charles Ross E. F. Young Felix M. McKay Geo. W. Grantham Geo. W. Grantham Geo. W. Grantham Nat. A. Townsend Nat. A. Townsend Nat. A. Townsend J. McKay Byrd J. R. Young J. R. Young Fred S. Thomas Fred S. Thomas Neil M. Ross David Henry Senter M. M. Jernigan M. M. Jernigan Allison Overby Howard Parker Carson Gregory Carson Gregory Carson Gregory sane GE LE AAA PAT LALO fo IE CATES INDEX Academy, Averasboro, 112 Academy, Cumberland, 112 Academy, Findlay Chisholm, 113 Academy, Pine Forest, 113, 150 Academy, Summerville, 61, 112, 113 Adams, Joseph E., 20, 114 Adams, Hoover, 149 Albemarle, 16 Allen Store, 99 Allison, 18 2 Amburne, Duane, v Ammons, C. R., 154 Anderson Creek, 32, 42, 106 Anderson, John, 22 Angel, Alfred H., 99 Angier, 56 Anson Co., 14, 32, 37, 95 Antioch, 105, 106 Armstrong, Thomas, 54 Atkins Dam, 51 Atkins, Ben F., 56, 102 Atkins Ferry, 31 Atkins, Mrs. Gertrude, v Atkins, Ica, 137 Atkins, John L., 58, 59, 60 Atkins, J. W., Dr., 63, 73, 141 Atkins, Mrs. Neill, 149 Avents Ferry, 28, 60 Avera, Capt. Al xander, 26, 31, 46, 47 Avera, Henry, 4% 59 Avera, Jesse, 107 Avery, Capt. John, 45, 102 Avera, Lucian A., 114, 115 Avera, William, 46, 47, 48 Averasboro, 10, 12, 14, 17, 24, 26, 31, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 52, 53, 96, 99, 100, 122, 123, 127 Baggett, Hiram, 133 Baggett, J. R., 133 Bailey, Anson, 121, 124 Bailey Hotel, 61 Bailey, Ned, 124 Ballard, Plunkett, 126, 133 Bahn, Jennie, 28, 40, 41 Barbecue Church, 25, 26, 28, 32, 38, 45, 46, 55, 101 Barbecue Creek, 10, 38, 102 Barbee, Kit, 123 Banks, James, 59 Banks, Elizabeth, 103 Baker, D. M., 114 Ballard, Mrs., 156 Barge, Lewis, 55 Barksdale, Sherod, 48, 102 Battle of Averasboro, 14, 74, 95 Battle of Cane Creek, 32 Battle of Culloden, 20, 25, 36 Battle of Guilford Courthouse, 28 Battle Between the Indians, 7 Battle of Piney Bottom, 32 Battle of Indian Branch, 31 Battle of Moore’s Creek, 25, 26, 27, 39 Beard, Andrew, 29, 42 Beasley’s Crossing, 31 Beasley, J. M., 152 Belden, Robert, 58 Bethea, Arch, 59 Bethea, John L., 59 Betts, A., 106 Betts, J. D., 107 Black, Kenneth, 40. Black River, 8, 46, 97 Bladen, 16, 17 Blalock, William, 105 Blocker, Jacob, 20, 54 Blount, 18 Bluff Church, 26, 101 Bolin, James, 103 Bond, W. B., 107 Bonney, Johnathan, 69 Bowel, Lewis Co., 55 Bradley, O. J., 16, 117 Brady, Capt. Thomas, 52 Bragay, C. L., 104 Briggs, Thomas, 22 Brisco, Johnny; 11 Britt, Richard, 20 Brown, Galls, 3 Brown, John, 12, 20, 54, 126 Brown, Richard, 20 Brunswick, 10, 46 Buchanan, Dr. Ruffin, 139 Buckhorn, 7, 9, 31, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 67, 68, 71 Buie, Archibald, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 19, 20, 101, 119 Buie, Capt. Daniel, 20, 26, 28, 54 Buie, Duncan, 20, 28, 37, 101 Buie, Gilbert, 20 Buie, Dr. Neil, 114, 136 Buie, Sandy, 14 Buie, William, 28 Buie’s Creek, 26, 29, 113 Bullard, Joe, 51 Bunnslevel, 99, 105 Burke, Gov. Thomas, 29, 32 Butt, Rev. John, 110 Butts, Nathan, 137 Burleson, Aaron, 11 Byrd, Edward, 155 Byrd, J. C., 154 Byrd, J. M., 62, 99 Byrd, Miss Lois, v Byrd, Sam, 155 Byrd, Mrs. Walter P., 143 Byrd, Rev. William, 44 Byrd, W. P., 63, 133 INDEX—Continued Cameron, A., 58, 102 Cameron, Allen J., 58, 59 Cameron, C. A., 114 Cameron, Daniel, 101 Cameron, D. B., 58 Cameron, Edward, 1 Cameron, J. A., 63 Cameron, John, 37 Cameron Hill, 6, 33, 37, 38, 50 Cameron, Nancy C., 114 Campbell College, 113 Campbell, A. N., 106 Campbell, Duncan, 10, 11, 16, 19 Campbell, Ferquard, 48, 119 oe Campbell, Rev. arsed 12, 18, 19, 26, 101, 102, 112, 12' Campbell, J. A., Rev., 107, 113, 116 Campbell, James, 103 Campbell, John, 20 Campbell, Mary, 103 Campbell, Dr. Leslie H., 113 Campbell, Winifred, 103 Canal, 48, 49, oe 67, 68 Cane Creek, 2 Cape Fear River, 5, 9, 10, 14, 16, 17, 19, 30, 32, 47 Cape Fear Company, 48, 52, 67 Cape Fear Valley, 9 Carter, Abraham, 11, 13 Carter, Eli, 114 Cattle Growers, Index To, 156 Caviness, H. Brown, 133 Chaffin, L. M., v, 63, 133 Chalybeate Springs, 55 Champion, James, Jr., 114 Chance, Frank, roe Charles, Prince, Chatham Co., 5, 19, 26, 32, 57 Cheek’s Creek, 37 Chicora Cemetery, 99, 100 a Chosteosaiyes ae ee 46, 55, 1 Churches: Advent, ongrcnes) Baptist, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108 Churches, Catholic, 108 Churches, Christian, 109 Churches, Episcopal, 108 Churches, Free Will, 107 Hist Churches, Glad Tidings Assemblies 0 , 10 : Churches, Jehovah's Witnesses, 108 Churches, Methodist, 108, 109, 110 Churches, Mormon, 108 Churches, New Bethel, 105, 106 it Churches, Presbyterian, 102, 103, 7 108, 128 Churches, Primitive, 107 Churchill, or 106 Civil War, Civil War: Index to Soldiers, be te 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94 Clarks Bridge, 28 — Cornwallis, 161 Clark, A., 58 Clark, Alexander, Clark, Archiebald, 1 Clark, Daniel, 20 Duncan, 20 oe Gilbert, 20, 101, 102, 127, 128 Clark, John, 16, 19, 20, 128 Clark, Kenneth, 20 Clark, Malcolm, 22 Clark, Neill, 20, ae 54 k, William, cleseent Timothy, 9, 11, 22, 126 Clingman, Gen., 144, 145 Coates, Heys oat 107 , N. B., ae Capt. Robert, 26 Cochran, Robert, 55 Beri Coffield, Cornelius Take, Saat Cokesbury Church, 105, 109, Cokesbury, 26 Coley, Wee ae ‘ollins, Mack, Coun: John, 6, 52, 66, 68, 70 Colville, Sandy, V Conoly, Michael, 20 Connor, 20 20, 128 Petes eh oat 28, 29, 32, 33 Cox, Mrs. BEN cate 147 ig, Major, 32, Ghawtord: Dr. Andrew, 12, 136 Creel, Lazarus, 20 Crone i Sea arolina, Cross Creek, 12, 29, 31, 87, 88, 39 41, 47, 55, Ls ross Hill, Gee Richard, 109 Culbreth, B. B., 110 Gun ree oF Sik? 58 berlan ‘ Hi Geanenaaal Co., 12, 17, 20, 26, 30, 57, 58, 60, 95 Tae Cuthrell, Rev. Geo., ae Cutts, A. D., Dr., 115, Cutts, Daniel, 58, 60 Cypress Church, 104 Cypress Creek, 6 10, 16, 19, 20, 103 9, 20, 21, 128 Dairies: Index to, 156 Davis, Cader, 61 Davis, F. R., 110 Davis, John, 17 Davis, L. R., 110 Dawson, Geoffrey, 17 Dawson, Will, 54 rere Deep River, 9, 12, 32, ‘ 5 Denning, Dr. Joel, 14 Denning, Melvin, 156 Dennis, Blisha, 109 r, A. H., 59 Ronis John, 20, 46, 102, 127 Dobbins, Thomas, 26 reemrercae Sa re riya oa | 162 INDEX—Continued Donnely, Arthur, 22 Dobbs, Gov. Arthur, 126 Doctors, 135 Douglas, Nathan, 58 Douglas, S., 58, 109 Draughon, Geo., 103 Draughon, Robert, 47, 108 Drowning Creek, 6, 7 Dublin, C. H., 46 Dunn, 26, 58, 100, 110, 157 Early, Supt., 71 Easom, Goege, 119 Eaton, William, v Edge, N. B., 107 Eller, J. Ben, 107 Elliott’s Mill, 56 Elliott, Jno., 119 Ellis, Samuel, 59 Eppinger, John, 22 Ezzell, J. D., 116, 117 Erwin, 44, 110, 111 Erwin Mills, 116, 157 Fanning, David, 27, 30, 31, 32, 33 Faucette, W. H., 62 Fayetteville, 14, 17, 18, 29, 31, 41, 48 50, 51, 55, 96 Fergerson, George, 60 Fox, Billy, 107 Formiduval, 9 Boome, Col. Ebenezer, 26, 28, 29, 32, Fort Bragg, 32, 95, 96 Fox Island, 30, 49 Fowler, A. F., 62 Fowler, Bill, 144 Fowler, W. Malcolm, Author, iv, v Franklin, Benjamin, 42 French, Richard, 17 Friendship, 106 Fulph, George, 20 Fulton, Hamilton, 49 Fuquay, Geo., 71 Gammon, R. R., 104 Gardner, Stephen, 22, 128 Gaskins, Ike, 122 Gaster, Hendrick, 9 Gastor, Jacob, 28 Gentry, Byrd P., 117 Gibbs, N. H., 107 Gibson’s Store, 12 Giddens, Abraham, 46 Gilbert, Gideon, 11 Gill, W., 73 Gilliam, James, 20 Gilchrist, Margaret, 40 Gilchrist, Effie, 103 Godwin, A. B., 156 Godwin, Hannibal L., Hon., 8 Godwin, Howard, 63 Godwin, O. W., 157 Goldmna, Gunrod, 9 Goodrich, Ben, 20 Gordon, David, 26 Grady, J. R., 62 Graham, Arch’d, 114 Graham, Claude, 107 Graham, H. W., 107 Graham, John, 12, 20, 111, 112, 118 Graham, Malcolm, 30 Grant, William, 22 Grantham, George, 53, 149 Granville Line, 19 Great Falls, 67 Great Creek, 5 Green, John A., 57, 62, 116 Green, John, 59, 60, 62 Green, Nathaniel, Gen., 28, 32 Green’s Path, 24, 46 Green, Paul, 143 Gregory, Carson, 156 Grey, William, 17 Guilford Co., 26, 32 Gully, Nathan, 105 Gypsy Pine, 96, 97 Hadley, Thomas, 31, 47 Haighwood, Kenneth, 102 Haile’s Meeting House, 108 Halifax, N. C., 40 Hall, William, 20 Hall, J. K., 104 Hanff, Rev. Samuel N., 108 Hancock Mill, 50, 51 Hardee, 14, 74, 95 Harnett Co., 4, 6, 24, 29, 56, 57, 58 Harnett Co. News, 61 Harper, Martin, Dr., 139 Harrington Dr., 140 Harrington, Edwin, 62 Harrington, Mrs. Inez, 62 Harrington, James, 58 Harrington, James §., 150, 151 Harrington, John McLean, 115, 150, 151, 152 Harrington, Margaret, 150 Harrington, T. W., Hon., 116, 117, 146 Harris, Rey. Wm., 108 Harvill, John, 20 Haywood, 48, 52 Hatley, Clyde, 155 Haw River, 47, 48 Hector’s Creek, 57 Hill, John, 22 Hillsboro, 46 Hawley, J., 60, 106 Hilliard, Johnnie, 105 Hilliard, Russell, 106 Hinton, Col., 30, 31 Hodges, Bartholomew, 22 Hodges, James P., 57 Hodges, John, 102, 103, 108 Hodges, John H., 114, 117 Hodges, J. M., 116 Hodges, Philemon, 47 INDEX—Continued Hoke Co., 25, 33 Hodges, William, 127, 128 Holland, H. B., 114, 115 Holloway, A. C., 62 Holloway, Julius, 107 Holleman, J. M., 107 Holly, Johnathan, 106 Holt, John R., 109 Holt, Dr. William P., 141 Hospital, Good Hope, 141 Howard, Cary, 155 Howard, James, ma 155 Howard, Robert, Howard, Samuel, 20, 127, 128 Huffines, D. A., 155 Hunt, T. J., 107 Indians, 5, 6, 7, 8 Italy Hill, 52 Johnson, Albert, v Johnson, E. Weldon, ace hnson, Jacob, : yonacen James A., 57, 59, 62, 129, 151 Johnson, L. F., 156 Johnson, Samuel B., 57, 58 Johnson, Tapley, 59 Johnston Co., 56 Johnston, Gen. Joe, 95, 96 Johnston, Gov. Gabriel, 10, 16 Johnston, Margaret, 41 Johnston, Wallis, 22 Johnson, William Henry, 62 Jones Creek, 28, 30 Jones, Allen Bee es, Charlie, lite, Francis, 20, 119, 128 Jones, Hamilton, 20 Jones, Seton 86 K., 58, sone: Nathaniel G., 61, 119 Jones, Thomas, 21 Joyner, Andrew, 22 Juniper Creek, 6 Keller, ip a oh Kennedy, Andrew, Kennedy, David, 22, 125, 126 Kennedy, Samuel, 22 Kennedy, William, 30 Killiegrey, 37, 38, 39, 40 Geni Kilpatrick, Judson, 14, 95, 96, OG King’s Highway, 13, 14, 17, 29, 31, 46, lh 109 Kipling, Kivett, A. J., 62 Knee, John, 20 Ku Klux Klan, 52, 122 Laborde, Lt., 98 Lanier, J. B., 62 Lanier, J. D., 105 Larrimore, Edward, 20 163 Lawyers: Index To, 133, 134 Lee, Col. Harry, 28 oe Lee, Robert EB. Genl., Lee, gona Lebanon, . i f Restless Men, Vinington, 6, 9, 26, 28, 30, 51, 52, 56, 0, 61, 157 aauinetotl ‘Alexander, Gen., 61 inden, 20, 55 ; ata River—Lower, 17, 20, 25, 26, 55. 56, 62 Little River—Upper, 6, be 55 Llewellyn, ston cg Lobdell, Gaye G., 69, 71, street, pea tees Church, 96, 101, 111 Lord & Fletcher, 55 Love, Robert, 127, 128 Lucas, B. E., 107 Lucknow, 53 McAden, Hugh, 101 ; ister, Col. Alex, 1 Meester Alexander, 10, 16, 103 McAlister, Angus, 22 McAlister, Ann, 103 5 McAllister, co Es lister, Janet, oF Mcallen John, 19, pares 111, 1 McAllister Ferry, 29, 1 McAlpin, Duncan, 137 McAlphin, Kenneth, 3 McArtan, Alex, V McArtan, C., 62 McArtan, J. W., 62 McBride, D. B., 104 rmick, 115 se oritiels Daniel, 59, McCormick, Duncan, 58 McCormick, D. W., 114 neers McCormick, Dr. John, 78 y McCormick Home, 28, fA McCranie, Hugh, 19, 2 McCranie, Isabella, 103 McCrainey, Murdoch, 1 McCrainie, Neill, 103 “7 McDaniel, Marion, 32, MeDiarmids, ve a ald, A. A., n Mepestatdl Alexander, ae 39, 40, 10 McDonald, Annabella, : McDonald, Allen, 36, 38, apo ld, Ann. h Me enald, Archiebald, 9, 11, 22 McDonald, C. I., 114 an McDonald, Donald, aan mn McDonald, Flora, 36, 39, McDonald, Hugh, 48 sive) McDonald, James, 30, : F McDonald, John, 58, a McDonald, John M., 60, 113 39, 40, 102, | i | | | 164 INDEX—Continued McDonald, Laughlen, 30 McDonald, Leon, v, 148 McDonald, Malcom, 103 McDonald, Marion, 38 McDougald, Col., 31, 32 McDougald, Rey. Allen, 103 McDougald, Archie, 27, 33 McDougal, Daniel, 129, 151 McDougal, Gilbert, 114 McDougald, Hugh, 20 McDougald, James, 19, 111 McDougald, Dr. J. A., 139 McDougald, John, 22, 27 McGraw, Samuel, 19 McIntosh, Dr., 137 Mclver's Station, 51, 69 McKays, 27 McKay, Alexander, 19 McKay, Archiebald, 19, 30 McKay, Mrs. Betty B., 124 McKay, Dougald, 103 McKay, F. M., 63 McKay, Dr. John, 136, 187, 138, 139 McKay, John A., 62 McKay, John A., Dr., Major, 73 McKay, Dr. John, 102, 136, 138, 139 McKay, John F., Dr., 136, 138 McKay, John W., 57, 58, 59 McKay, Joseph F., Dr., 139 McKay, Miss Lizzie, 155 McKay, Malcolm, 30, 103 McKay, Neill, 59, 102, 104, 119, 129 McLaughlen, Hugh, 19 McLaughlen, James, 19 McLaurin, Peter, 13 McLean, Archiebald, 30, 59 McLean, Alexander, 130 McLean, A. D., Gen., 102, 114 McLean, D. H., 62, 78, 130, 131 McLean, Daniel, 102 McLean, Duncan, 59, 62 McLean, Hector, 59, 102, 137 McLean, Hugh, 20, 21, 59, 137 McLean, H. M., 59 McLean, John, 6, 21, 30 102 McLean, Capt. John, 27, 28, 30, 32 McLean, John R., 59 McLean, Miss L. F., 115 McLean, Martha J., 114 McLean, Peter, __ McLean, Dr. John Tyler, 139, 149 McLean, John, 20, 21 McLean, Lofton, 57 McLean’s Mill, 28, 30 McLean, Neill, 30 McLean, Peter, 102 McLean, T. Hugh, 54 McLeod, Alexander, 37, 39, 40 McLeod, Alex, Jr., 37 McLeod, Don, 132 McLeod, James, 37 McLeod, John, 62 McLeod, Rey. John, 55, 102 McLeod, Julius W., 59 McLeod, M., Dr., 102, 104, 139 McLeod, Nancy, 145 McLeod, Neill, 114 McClellan Family, 99 McLennon, Alex, 109 McNail, Rey. Evander, 104 MeNair, J. C., Dr., 112 MecNeills, 27, 43 McNeill, Archiebald, 20, 41, 43, 54, 103, 128 McNeill, Archie Bahn, 28, 31, 119 McNeill, A. S., 60, 119 Nel Black Neill, 10, 16, 17, 19, MeNeill, Caroline, 141 McNeill, Daniel, 19, 33, 43 MacNeill, Dugald, 10 McNeill, Duncan, 12 MeNeill’s Ferry, 14, 29, 32 MacNele Hector, 10, 16, 19, 20, 43, 7 McNeill, Hector, Col., 27, 31, 128 ONT Jennie Bahn, 31, 32, 36, 42, MeNeill, J. M., 115 McNeill, John, 32, 33, 43, 102 McNeill, Kenneth, 62, 119 McNeill, Lauchlin, 41, 43 McNeill, Malcolm, 19, 41, 43 McNeill, Margaret, 103 MeNeill, Neill, Dr., 140 McNeill, Neill, 43 MacNeill, Neill (Red), 9, 10, 12, 13 McNeill, Torquill, 22 McNeill, W. M., Dr., 114, 139, 140 McPhail, Angus, 122 McPhail, Dugald, 22 McPhail, Malcolm, 30 McQueen, Angus, Rey., 26, 104 McRae, Christian, 114 McSween, Hugh A., 102 Mallett & Emmitt, 55 Mamers, 56, 105 Mallett, Dr. A. F., 140 Marcom, J. C., 106 Marsh, L. T., 106 Martin, Gov., 25, 39 Martinlear, John, 17, 19, 20, 46, 117 Masonic Lodge, 58, 111, 139 Mathews, Hlizabeth F., 63 Mathews, Julius, 59 Mathews, L. K., 62 Mathews, Norman, 59 Matthews, Rory, 132 Maxwell, Forest, 107 May, John, 22 Melvin, W. C., Dr., 142 Memory, J. I., 107 Miller, George W., 116, 144, 145, 146 Mines, 51, 52, 56, 69, 70, 71, 72 Monroe, C. I., 114 INDEX—Continued Monroe’s Farm, 14, 95 Montgomery Co., 37, 38 Moore, C. O., 20, 40, 51, 57 Moore, C. R., 62 Moore, Herman, Jr., 106 Moore, John Jr., 104 Moore, Rev. Wayne, 108 Morgan, Bryant Allen, v Morgan, Daniel, 27 Morgan, Robert, v, 63 Morrison, Alexander, 102 Morrison, panes 102 Moss, Zeb, 1 Mt. Pisgah Church, 28, 104 Munn, Meson Za Murchison Road, Murer Kenneth, Col., 73, 102 Murchison, W. E., 104, 131 Murphey, Archibald D., 49 Murphy, Robert, 102 Nathan & Co., 55 Neill’s Creek, 6, 10, 30, 104, 105, 122 Neill’s Creek: Baptist Church, 104 Neuse River 32 Newspaper 148, 149, 151, 152 Nick’s Creek, 40 Nicolson, Angus, 37 Nordon, H. E., 156 Northington Family, 119 Nova Scotia, 39, 40 Page, Hubbard Fulton, 147 Oak Grove, 97, 99 Ochiltree, Hugh, 30 Old Field Church, 107 O’Neill, Felix, 9, 11 O’Quinn, H. M., 155 Parker’s Creek, 5, 67 Parker, Allen B., 115, 129, 130 Parker, Jacob, 105 Parker, John, 115 Parker, Miles, 22 Parker, Peter Jr., 5 Patterson, Archiebald, 20 Patterson, Duncan, 20, 104 Patterson, Gilbert, 9, 19 Patterson, John B., 102, 128 Patterson, Pierce, 155 Patterson’s Rock, 9 Patterson, Sandy, 121 Pearson, en Pearson, S. J., Pearson, Stephen 37 59, 109 Pee Dee Country, 11, Perrar George W., 57, 58, 59, 109, 116 Pegram, J. D., Rev., 116 Pegram, Stephen A., 109 Pegram, William, 109 Pembroke, 8 Penny, L. H., 115 Phillips, John, 20, 128 Phillips, Rev. R. M., 103 nillips. Stephen, P. A Pinnix, L. Pipkin, Lewis, Pittsboro, 3 46, 127 ay ittman, J. P., 149 pieeaan Plain, 48 Poole, Wm., 107 Pope, Busbee, 149 Pope, Frank, 62 Pope, J. H. opel Thad H., 62 prince, George , 62 E., 63 Prince, Ruffin, 109 Prince, Joel, 109 Prospect Church, 106, 107 Purvis, Ed., 131, 132 kers, 16 Gi 13 Quaminy, Quinn, Aiton, 108 Railroad, 50, 51, 53, 69, 153 Raleigh, 41 : Ramsay’s Mill, 28 nd, J., 29 ead William, 47 Ravens Rock, 9 Ray, Duncan, Col., 27, 29, ay, Duncan, 23 Ry John, 6, 20 Ray, Mary, 103 Ray, Hugh, 54 Reagan, Gabriel, 20 ra Reardon, James T., Reardon, Joseph, 58, 59 Revolutionary War: diers, 33, 34, 35 Rhiner, E. M., 107 165 30, 31 Index To Sol- Richardson, N. R., 53, 148 Richmond Co., 14 Rockefeller, 18 Rockfish Creek, 12 Robeson, Janie, 97 - Roberson, Edward, Roberson, John, 22 Roberson, Mrs. sa 100 Roberson, Sarah, areas Roberts, Haywood, Dr., bbins, D. P., 107 aya Sarah, 103 Rollins, Burrell, 109 Ruffin, C. B., 106 ie Russell, Hrnest P., 1 Rutland, Mrs. Inez, v Salmon, S. A., 62 , W. Salmon. ance Sampson Samson, R Sand Hills, 6, 7 Miss Sander® Robert W., 95 Sanders, E., 62 ed, 11 Bettie, 100 166 INDEX—Continued Saw Mills, 157 Schools, 110 Scotland, 2, 17, 36, 40, 42 Seemore, Thomas, 21 Selfridge’s Division, 97, 99 Seller, Duncan, 114, 151 Senter, David H., 149 Senter, Stephen, 105 Sexton, Dr. Coll, 141 Sexton, J. A., 62 Sexton, Miss Mamie, 62 Sexton, William, 109 Shaddock, Joshua, 22 Shaw, Allen, 102 Shaw, Mrs. Allen, v Shaw, Arch, 103 Shaw, A. M., 62 Shaw, Angus, 59 Shaw, Benjamin F., 59, 63 Shaw, Daniel, 21, 102, 103 Shaw, Duncan, 21 Shaw, D. W., 114 Shaw, Dushee, 21, 27, 54, 102, 103, 111, 112, 119 Shaw, Janet, 103 Shepherd, J. G., 56 Sherman’s Army, 14, 95 Small, John, 28 Smilie’s Falls, 10, 13, 14, 15, 47, 48, 49, 50 Smilie, Mathew, 19, 111 Smilie, Nathaniel, 19 Smith, Charity, 103 Smith’s Ferry, 25 Smith, David, 21, 26, 47, 54, 119, 128 Smith, Elizabeth, 119 Smith, Dr. Farquhard, 95, 119, 140 Smith, Hugh, 21, 54, 103 Smith, I. W., 62 Smith, James, 21 Smith, Mrs. Janie, 95, 97, 100 Smith, Janet, 40, 41 Smith, Mrs. J. C., 100 Smith, Miss Jessie, 100 Smith, Joe P., 61 Smith, John, 21, 40, 97, 99, 128 Smith, Jonathan, 103 Smith, Miss Louise, 100 Smith, Malcolm, 41 Smith, Needham, 103 Smith, Parson Richard, 124 Smith, Robert, 21, 59 Smith, Rolling, 21 Smith, Miss Sallie, 100 Smith, Mrs. S. E., 100 Smith, W. M., 99, 103, 137, 138 Smith, William T., 103 Smithville, 99 Spears, H. T., 62 Spears, John A., 59, 129, 131 Spears, Oscar J., 131 Spence, D. R., 140 Spence Family, 6 Spence, Ingram, 109 Spence, James, v, 137 Spence, J. W., 59 Spence, Whit, 155 Spence, Willoughby, 31, 60 Sprowl Family, 29, 42 Sprowl’s Ferry, 29, 32, 42 Spout Springs, 33 Steele, Henderson, 149 Spring Hill Church, 51 Stephens, G. Van, 107 Stephens, William, 19 Stewart, Charlotte, 103 Stewart’s Creek, 6, 111, 112 Stewart, Charles T., 149 Stewart, Dugald, 19, 103, 111 Stewart, E., 59 Stewart, Hldridge, 57, 59 Stewart, Elizabeth, 48 Stewart, Gus, 112 Stewart, Hector, 103 Stewart, James, 20 Stewart, John, 21, 114, 128 Stewart, Neill S., 59, 99 Stewart, Thomas, 22, 128 Stewart, W. Hamp, 62 Stith, Dr. Buckner, 136 Stokes, Father Vincent, 108 Stone, J. J., 149 Stone, Simon, 106 Storm, Windall, 9 Strange, Robert, 130 Strodder, Lawrence, 28 Summerville, 60, 61, 103, 130 Tarleton, Banastre, 28 Tart, J. H., 62 Tart, Nathan, 59 Taylor, Eldrige, Rev., 108 Taylor, F. H., 63 Taylor, William, 105 Temple, W. E., 155 Thackston, Col. James, 28, 29 Thomas, B. G., iv Thomas, Fulton, 107 Thomas, John, 21 Thorn, Richard, 21 Thorntons Creek, 48 Thornton, James, 21, 119 Thornton, Mrs. Viola, v ~ Tilghman, Sonny, 150 Tirzah Church, 102, 103 Toomer, 58, 60 Touchstone, Caleb, 37 Trantham, David, 21 Trantham, Martin, Jr., 21 Trantham, Martin, Sr., 21, 128 Travis, Mr., 29 Treadway, Richard, 22, 48, 127 Turlington, Carl, 112 Turlington Cross Road, 102, 123 Turlington, Melvin, v, 157 Turlington, Randall, 139 INDEX—Continued Turlington, W. H., 62 Turnage, Rev. James, 108 Turner, Charlotte, 103 “UG Turner, Rev. G. Scott, 105, Turner, Sarah ae Turner, Scott Jr., Tuner H. M., Dr., 59, 102, 119, 137, 139, 141 ; Tuscarora Nation, 6 Union League, 122 Vicars, Dan, 46 Virginia, 16 Waccamaw Swamp, 9 Wade, Col., 32, 33 Wade Son Wad’s Creek, Wake County, 26, 30, 31, 47, 57 Walter, Jean, 107 : War: Between thes States: Index to Idiers, 74 to 9 ‘ war. i Revolution: Roster of Soldiers, 38, 34, 35 War of 1812: Index to Soldiers, 35 Ward, 55 Ward, Hugh, 17, 19 Ward, Miles, 17, 19 Ward, Thomas, 22 Watts, James, 51 Weldon, 50 West, John, 156 Wheeler, Emperor, 9 Wheeler, Gen., 98 Wheeler, Joe, 14 White, John, 55 Wicker, R. E., Hs Wilcox, John, il Fes Wilder, Mathew, 06 Williams, aloe: Williams, A. Bi, ar Williams, Dr. i I Williams, Bok, ae William, J. Conve Nia Williams, v Sere illiams, E. J., Wiliams, Tsaac, 103, 119 Williams, J. 119 Julia J., 100 Williams, ME ed illiams, Dr. J- Wiliams, Dr. John tay 123 Williams, Rachel, 1 Williams, Sampson, Williams, W: Wilmington, Winkley, Mrs. d Winslow, Edward, ee sO Aten 115 ithers, M a aes " He pr 63, 141 Woodall, A. M., worth, D. G., 150, 151 i 2. Wright, John, 2 Wyatt, Dr. A. TS 21 Yow, Christoper, Yadkin Trail, 12, 28 Young, B. F., 149 ng York, Thomas, pals York Town, 32, 33 142 LO 80835 =e rey 3 Please do not remo ve this date due Slip. 96894 FEB 10 33 JOYNER MMA A 310372 0012 7855 7 F262.H3 Fé 1955 They passed this way; a per REN we we ¥ Pr pF a ae EW Wap we a BaP Pre ee 9 5 eno, ® i be EET PERE ay EG hee w ee ae ; + NE We ew yee Pw ea ew © ee ar wae a ai Paren 6 ine . a . 6 » +