c , _ on ese GPS, Oe TT AO AO: EERE WT ON OTE ONT MEK <0 mile, ead A Oo Riedie ARR oe AO EOC te tae RE EE OE Bis i A? ty Sie AN OA le To BRE Bal. RE ge 2 en aE IO oe PARR EPO A MEE <= bag sn OB REE OA ABET GR oa ERENT TRL he ll TET LB iN RG EO AT BR tes Poa Ml ae GNIS RS A AIR AEN Ca PERE R IN + ETL A MA LEENA LE REE LTE CE LEONEL AG Se NoCar 107 N8 N75 1917 | and Social ISSUED BY ‘The Sampson County Club University of North Carolina May, 1917 J. V. BAGGETT s. M. LEE J. G. ELDRIDGE W. E. MATTHEWS S. H. HOBBS JR. Pp. J. MELVIN J. C. KENNEDEY R. F. MOSELEY D. D. SLOAN eerie aces B ee THE SHEMAN PRINTERY Duruam, N. 1917 (05 CONTENTS PAGE Rata (0) Wika. Th MRR oie erect eee rene 7 Ue hs AU es a eee 10 Baron rece oe J. V. Baggett ey Facrs Azour Farm CoNpItions ANP PRACTICES---+2770°77° 7" phils Bes (ala)iisy oipmmuipuvosatenacm cet Ne Gere aas lay Daan eda ae 18 Acricurrurar, PRropuction : Non-Foop CRops -+-770777 777 S. H. Hobbs, Jr. a _ Home-Ratsep Foop AND THE Loca MaRKET PROBLEM. - +2000 77" PSR eaahiens sah oie Ca cate ccna anes 30 Five Year Gains in RURAL SCHOOLS! «ess ie eae Se cated hi ieee San NU etc ane ste | 34 Be Ger AnION cee eee Be MIO xe Mae pine ance scr 39 Res A pus OF a hoes te ORE GR Tate Ne RON an BRA hs ie gare 44 Our Prosiems AND THEIR Gor UTION Seen (ae aera eeteN S. H. Hobbs, Jr. ‘ Firry Years Aco AND TODAY J. V. Baggett HG | | | fhe Seva Ce Cee eae FOREWORD The series of studies here given to the public under the title, 1,” is the work of four Samp- “« Caran County: Economic and Socia i r ie ounty students at the University of North Carolina during rare ervals in the regular schedule of a busy college year. It is an attempt to interpret the present day forces of life in our nati ae i ative county, and to prepare for competent citizenship and effective public service, as Professor Branson is fond of saying. t least issuing a new kind of bulletin. 1h - : t concerns the economic and social problems of a North Carolina d one of the very few sone lt is the first of its sort in this state and one 0 nooo a any state. There have been county histories and county Sh phies in abundance, but fewer than a half dozen intensive ies of county economics and sociology. At least, we know of only a bare half dozen in the whole United States. The decision to publish such a bulletin was reached in a meeting all, and the undertaking was ul Sampson County Club early last f Bed CE ONE to an Editorial Committee, 5. H. Hobbs, Jr. chairman, ae Business Committee, R. F. Moseley, Chairman. hee as work has fallen on these two sons of Sampson aided by ae rs. W. E. Matthews and J. V- Baggett. The expense of publica- is dismissed by the pages of advertising carried by various busi- nes . “ a s and professional men, an us contributions of M d also by the genero essrs. S. H. Hobbs, Sr. L. W- Bageett, MC Mrs. W. Sloan, and Dr. G. © Selene who have seen a distinct value in floating a pulletin of this kind. These studies have been pursued of the North taken at all with- inten J ¢ fina counties that dees een accumulating here during years under the Reel of Professor E. ¢c. Branson, head of the Department of swe conomics and Sociology- Every step of the way the prep- 7h ae this bulletin we have had his interested and active assistance ; ich we here render grateful thanks. ae Our hope is that this little Sampson county bulletin will find its pps every home and business house in the county; into the hands eal teacher and high school student; every banker and merchant, full pa? doctor, and farmer; and that all our people may receive 1n easure the service we crave to render our native county. s, H. HOBBS, JR. Editor-in-Chief. ae eames 6 S oO AMESON County , UNTY: Economic AND SocraL THE NALORAL RESOURCES OF SAMPSON J. V. Baccerr Geograph Se ee ane is situated in a -five miles soutt an es heast of the c unties i ane S in the s the Coastal Plain region, about sev- a Bee of the state. It is one of the Tsherestecs tpn covers a total area of 922 square and the greatest fro ce from north to south is about fifty mil shape of the count m cast to west is about thirty-five mil : the Y 1S similar to that of the gee eine and its total i area is onl of that state. y a few square miles less than the total area : With i ahs Clntcne the coat es the entire length of the county ie ah aig Se Pines. fea eee within five miles of de Cae ‘t fe Wilmington, it would were built on a straight lint’ from Ral i ie yee distant from ee Clinton; and Clinton Bre ie ampson ¢ ~~ ©Xtremities of that li drained by Soa nae the middle of a ones Ge ha Fear, whose streams di one of the principal tributaries of the C S soil belts. The upper Wide the county into northern and si ec of cut-over long-leaf Tegion is characterized by sandy soil ih sue have been work Pines for the most part. Most of ae ie ee Seeinye ed up into | virgin pine valuable both fo valet but there are still some bodies of rt turpentine and for lumber. The topogra Sree phy is generall Hebe 'y level cultivation. eceees gently rolling, making it capable of profitabl : e C 5 it is divi : Rae Santee fhe ual one distinct plains; the od Case nab scape ei io otao etn level is the Sunderland cuie geo 10 to 215 feet meee te ie Plain covers most ee plain to the south of ORaiae Th Wi nail ing from 60 to 90 ae southern end of the county 4 ot ee borders Black and Batt while the Chowan plain, the lowest ae Aone . h river. . » at elevations of 30 to iden Dae distance above their junc- S 0U feet. Soi Sampson is an Js and Seasons Sen agricultural i aa for the prods county, and its soil and climate are both €re 1s more land, how: mn of a great variety of farm prod ¢ and in some f ever, than the f TED ae present population can cultivate, ctions th a scar ere is aK cely gather now a condition where the farmer can t and house the county is 590,080 acres ae he produces. The total area of , is only 27.4 per cent is und i i s er culti- vi Sampson County: Economic AND Socrat vation. The soil is made up of sediment that has in the course of time been washed down from the mountains and the Piedmont plateau, and its general characteristic is sandy loam under which is formed red clay. In certain parts of the county the soil has the characteristic termed by the people “stiff land” and is very fertile, but this does not cover any great area of the county. The climate of Sampson county is more or less of a marine char- acter. The effect of the presence of the sea tends to moderate the changes of the temperature, both diurnal and seasonal, and to increase the amount of precipitation, which is pretty evenly distributed through- out the four seasons of the year- This is of great importance in the Production of early truck crops and fruits, which in the last few years has become a leading’industry in the county. The soil and climatic conditions of Sam: growth and maturity of all the leading agricultur i Carolina, and for the growth and ripening of almost all of the fruits and vegetables of the state. The leading agricultural crops in the order of their importance are: pacco, potatoes, and all corn, cotton, to kinds of small grain; while in t ound every sort of he orchards can be f fruit grown in North Carolina. The truck crops are cither, In the list of money-making truck crops successfully grown in Sampson one might enumera te all the common vegetables. But the more important ones are: Irish potatoes, cabbages, beans, peas, onions, lettuce, beets, tomatoes, cantaloupes, watermelons, cucumbers, and squashes. Since this is true it is not surpri sing that agriculture is Practically the only industry of the people. ; With the organization of the Farmers’ Union some years ago, came the spirit of co-operation amons the farmers in buying and selling. This new life began to change the views of the farmers, and through Prosperity and thrift he was made happy with the hopes of making fortunes in growing and selling farm crops and fruits. They introduced labor-saving machinery into their work, bought better stock and farm- ing tools, and by different means of soil improvement they have in- creased the per-acre crop yields of Sampson until they now exceed those of the fertile plains of Indiana and Illinois. Ahead of Illinois nt the United States census for 1910 shows value of the crop for the state of Illi- n county it was $18.38. The boys have d encouraging them to take a ber of the boys have pro- ry low cost. In per acre, or 5% At this rate the As proof of this stateme that for that year the per-acre nois was $18, while for Sampso: a corn club giving excellent results, an greater interest in farming. A goodly num duced more than 100 bushels of corn per acre at a ve! 1910 seventy boys in the corn club averaged 69 bushels times the average yield of that county for that year. not’ to be omitted ° total corn acreage of the count home consumption and 314 mato clubs, and the older -two canning club and vegetables, and cleared y would have produced enough corn for People have their community clubs. a girls packed 20,000 tins and jars of fruits $1,800 during the season. The early settlers did not own sl; ' tivate large plantations. half of the farms are less having between 50 and 1 100 having between 500 an It is thus seen that the t aves; and, hence, they could not cul- Classified according to size, 2,083 or nearly than fifty acres in size. There are 976 farms 00 acres, 1,389 between 100 and 500 acres, d 1,000, and 29 farms of 1,000 or more Cte Ypical Sampson county farmer is the a farmer, and it is he on whom rests the perpetuation of the indepen : ence of the people. The Soil, therefore, is the greatest natural asset o the county, Timber Resources the forests of Sampson is of the original poh ely culled of the original growth. There a we “growth shortleaf pine that has come up o The greater part of wood type, though clos a large area of second land that has in time b from the land for cultivation. When many ve apped of their fertility before the introduction o 8, the farmers turned them out and cleared Ment Then hogs were allowed to run free through a se old fields where the second growth of forests were taking place, they destroyed the seed of the longleaf pine, ene only those too small for them to find—the seed of the shortleaf oa There has been nO survey made of the timber resources of Samps' % county; and, hence, it is impossible to tell just how much of the Pree ent forest area contains longleaf pine, or to make an estimate @ : board feet of timber these lands still retain. However, there is a y a small per cent that has not been closely culled for the best tim a or been destructively blighted by the turpentine industry that un’ 5 tecently has been active in all Parts of the county. In the swamps o the creeks and rivers there are to be found some high grades of nae cypress, and juniper; but except in one or two instances there a ¥ large tracts, and very little of this timber can now be profitably Hae 5 2 In some of these low regions there is a large amount of loblolly ioe million bushels to sell. The girls have to- 9 oMIC AND SOCIAL : Econ Sampson County: E ale of this timber was not une & ine lumber found, but until the last few years ply of longleaf pin large sup. very profitable on account of the larg at that tim i ied ue a is still being carri that was on the market at a ‘Eis BENG Aad s ae ts Lumbering has been done on a 8 ty confined to small migra’ 2, the tput 1s m in 1912, on very extensively, but the outp . in operation., Re OI Bae te Pontius feet, and about t ing mills. 000, ; coming of total cut of all the mills was erect i eb areas by a Same amount has been cut aide to replace ne vident that in a few the stock law no efforts ais at this rate it ie oaipale of timber or second growth of timber; sipaonelte conserve t © ghe timber Ga years, unless something wa efficient Sioa eat a strict compliance some means taken to es ae exhausted. But ie: county will be Beco cauty ue evened resources of Samp: with the stock law tremendously increased. A Huckleberry Paradise Ther uch to immor alize y i Be t the robabl nothing that has done so m e is proba brings each berry crop i Pine wucee : have already kleberries. he Big Blues name of Sampson as huc The eople. is scarcely a child peerauencecidole® A geeeuetom anne of this fam- made for themselves a wor! d, in one language or a put bells on their anywhere that has not ee parents in Syste woods to pick ber- ous fruit. i eee and send them to children in huckle’ z ight comes e before nig! the “kids” always get hom Ties. By this means these fine ber- ccount of ‘anes blessed on a eee i ui) CE ces for them on. The poor in the. co m id good pri ll the business ties every year. They are paid g banks, and a hants, f all they sur- chews lords o Beene ut aa eens pickers. They are men cater to the hu rs during the as independent as ue Poe as it lasts. Bevan Aheidarkies becom’ 11 have money to bu iving her this crop. huckleberry season. ee for Sampson by id the other year, Nature has done a he il the stock law came ar do with the surplus Hogs fattened upon it unti sea to know what reek joked about the Resnomerie: people a i Sampson has pee oes right on the next Derries left ee ee the dope well, and g' huckleberries, but s old stand. year doing business at the same i 1 fi j 10 Sampson Country: Economic snp Soctan WEALTH AND TAXATION J. V. Baccrrr Farming and Manufacture Sampson ¢ i : Plain belt, Tae e is es a rural county, lying in the Coastal haope the atce ne eee population of a little over thirty thousand auiberete lene Roar MeN is the people is agriculture, in which pur- Loa ane a e y of the people are concerned. There are no Kohnity hue Wh ehh ¥ consequence in the county, except Clinton, the SRP GE aR ate population of about 1,800. All the rest of the een eit = % live in the country, as there are only three or Werk Tein seems “s or three hundred inhabitants whose only mandeachiine SaaS ampson has not yet developed very much in Eamaevehantaiecate Pa, There were in 1915 ninety-nine manufact- Boye catia of all kinds, with a total capital of $319,483, em- Honan csdics Bey than 800 men. There are no large corpora- aga OS aaa yn va only about forty miles of railroad. Sampson, euctiieiNinadavalsin = a wealthy county. She has rather spent her Ge uiiace tat g her natural resources, and in building up a Dione ak ie meeares in dollars and cents. fulowetiieecne A Seaiae establishments may be classified as esiablicnimentsrag shingles i and timber concerns; 3 wood-working forge a iene aecene a Is; 5 turpentine distilleries; 1 wagon fac- panvaentl: ceteris re pias mills b and 1 wheat mill. There are eorhdsinvactedueden 610000 © not admit of classification. Ten con- pany, $27,000; J. E Mi stock as follows: Parksley Lumber Com- $11,000: eet i Ny ilson, $10,000; C. A. Brown and Brother, ets Jackson id aN er Company, $25,000; B. Vandergrift, $15,000; , $11,500; Troy H. Herring, $28,000. ‘These are all Stabe lishments th at county’s ee upon the local timber resource, which is the natural resource outside of herrtulegs ws Local Timber Supply The oak land art and are covered Eee lie in the northern part of the county are no large bodies of growth of young white and post oaks. There gum swamps lie in nar es Os chestnut oak flats. The cypress and Coharie Creeks. The a strips along Black River and Big and Little aboubanenis aren nee rane cypress lands cover about 3,800 acres, and ton market. The long rat en cut over to obtain timber for the Wilming- parts of the county re, pine lies chiefly in the southern and central feet. The loblolly pike i standing pine amounts to about 330,000,000 out all sections of th , largely of second growth, is scattered through- € county and occupies about 35,000 acres. Samp- ty: EcoNoMIC AND SocraL 11 Sampson Coun son has for many years furnished a large part of the timber that is carried to Wilmington and other places. But in the last few years this Practice has come almost to a sudden stop. Private capital has been turned loose, and is being spent towards pbuilding up the lumber manu- facturing industry of the county. This industry is bringing immense wealth into the county, and if pursued along scientific lines will con- tinue to be a source of large income for years to come. Improved Farming But Sampson is mainly an agricultural county, and her soil is the ked third in the state in the basis of all her wealth. In 4910 she ran She has since increased Production of corn, producing 777,340 bushels. 1 that amount very materially; and now not only does she raise suffi- cient corn for her own use, but she is shipping corn out of the county as well, There was a time when it was considered a good crop if the farmer raised from forty to fifty bushels of corn to the acre. But such is no longer the case. The farmer js not satisfied with what he has grown if the corn crop falls under 90 or 400 bushels per acre, or 4 bale of cotton per acre. He goes about his farming business in a scientific and businesslike way also. He has learned that it is not necessary to tend and cultivate so muc e once did. He has cut down the acreage, applied fertilizers, give: tion and cultivated it more, and is now produc fore, on less ground. So far as the corn supply is conc! Sampson county farmer. has become independent. Since the spreading of the new ideas of farming, it is only natural to expect that good results will follow. And the great result that followed is that the total farm wealth increased 165.5 per cent during the ten years between 1900 and 1910. The total farm wealth in 1910 was $9,874,250, and anyone acquainted with the county for the last six years is well aware that during these years the county has been tre- mendously prosperous. The county is, indeed, headed in the right direction, and is setting a pace jn many ways for modern efforts and achievements. HOW SAMPSON ing more than ever be- erned, the RANKS IN WEALTH llth in total farm wealth .----- Bite MURGaG Ono RO $9,874,250 16th in farm wealth increase, 1900-10, per cent..-+++++++°° 165 The State increase was 130 per cent. - 25th in increase of value of domestic animals, per cent..-- 125 The State increase was 109 per cent. $8,991,837 33rd in total taxable property, HIG AkS ane ene ornacHREauE® The increase in taxable property, 1903-13, was 101 per cent. The State increase was only 81 per cent. 23rd in per capita country wealth .------777°7* For the State at large it was $322. Seo ye emt Phage sLebaes® © 12 Sampson County: Economic anp Socran 49th in negro farm Owners; per cent of all negro farmers.. 49 The State average was 33 per cent. 27th in tax rate, State and county, on the $100 of property Ue] OO eran ae eee eR yee Sin deat oe $ 89 2-3 Only 26 counties had smaller tax rates. 31st in professional taxes aise] OG hy eats east carne en | $190 : At that time there were 38 doctors, lawyers, dentists, photographers, architects, etc., in Sampson. 39th in white farm MMOLE Sas esyaPeL CEN LAME seid atic Coes 15 The State average for the whites was 17 per cent. 41st in negro farm mMOrtgag esha perscentenniws Euan a serie ened and unorganized, or if a the banks. If consumers i hostile, the farm- ere seat eres eae ties in aaiitierern not Lig eg +5 reduced to zero. Success ers’ chance of success 1S eee in collision, in co-operation, not 1 Texas Leads p in the lead in solving the local seth i he does with the help o her he many things s r bat seats en Aaa cs maintain a free telephone market ae ae ae poate Beak He of an official whose business it : to ay Ei as feral csted Pac news to farmers and city dwellers a isintereste' in di ealings. consumers and producers together in direct d g Texas has taken a big ste 26 S. é F AMPSON County: Economie anp Sootat What the Banks Can D Texas banks are refusin : crop-lien business Seah loans to supply-merchants who do a Raieaeenale Sica by cotton acreage alone. They have a ee ee ioe gen nats a minimum acreage’ which must Scuneiamce Sea and farmers are required to raise a the SS EEN Lacie ee acreage. They are doing this to force seus ie orce the farmer to raise a sufficiency of bread heyy Miele a It is sound sense and safe business policy, sn eiataterery aE fe 217 million dollars that has been leaving iis es etotore to pay bills for imported food supplies. y msures a food-producing farm civilization, and this means prosperity. It also me; €r, sater ans bigg , safer, better business fo This same system could be cotton and s Mayas ee ae where conditions are similar to those in country wealth under ae to the world that we cannot accumulate We stay poor while the Wet sen or money-crop system of farming. solve this problem i West grows rich. The bankers can do more to na single year than all the farm demonstrators can do in a life tim e, and th 5 fart eyebrows. ey can do it almost by lifting or lowering their _ Clinton must get read cilities for doing a lar: supplies, ue Mae arrangements, conveniences, and fa- usiness in home-raised food and feed The Farmers’ End of the Problem On the other Ae eTe ees farmer must not only produce food and feed worth for Cision tone Ption, but about two hundred thousand dollars Yer ltgeek Tie a ac and those in the radius of Clinton’s trade ABE dump air tee ty now more about market demands. They must tev eerie Products on a small market at one time. What Gnd taste jae re competition with the big wide world must look expert in picking Ae imported food products. They must become i odtee sneer Padi ing, grading, packing, and crating. They must . er and eggs, grain and hay in steady and reliable sufficiencies ; and , stand ready to a supply mark F estern markets do upon telegraphic eae et demands just as the HOME-R. AISED FOOD AND THE LOCAL MARKET PROBLEM Facts maint \ y from the 1910 aS that make a better ee td in corn production, t ; a ; otal cropbushels... e+ vs noni o> Reet first with 1,142,000. Ten year eee ate AG Be ‘uction, 1900-10, was 172,280 bushels. The Crease was 28; rank 12th in this particu- Rank indicates the number of put to work in this state, especially in our. AnD SocraL Sampson County: Economic lar. In 1860 Sampson produced 482,378 bushels of corn. Sth i tion per erson bushels: -cm-+2<- 92-9577: ee ee con al deficit per person, 5 Needed per person, 31 bushels; bushels; total deficit 152,101 bushels. State average production per person, 15 bushels. 67th in wheat produced per person, bushels .05. ene Y bushels per person; deficit per person 3.95 bushels; total deficit 118,206 bushels. This deficit has been greatly reduced since 1910. 59th in oats production, total crop, pushels....-++22200007- The oats produced amounted to 3.4 pints per work animal per day; rank 78th. “The ‘ten! year eas in oats production, 1900-10, was 190 per cent; ra in this particular, 9th. In 1860 .Sampson produce 3,974 bushels. 63rd in hay and forage production, total crop, tons...----- Ten year increase, 1900-10, was 61 per cent; rank 43rd. The hay and forage produced amounted to one-sixth of a pound per work animal per day. In 1860 Samp- son produced 3119 tons of as 31st in per cent of farmers buying feed...-2----0r-022007 1,514 farmers bought feed, averaging $30.69 per farm. 22nd in beef production per person, pounds...---++e12e07" State average, 33.8 pounds. i i dS lives oR seats 4th in pork production per person, poun State average, 93 pounds. State average of hogs sold and slaughtered, .47 hog; U. 5. 57 hog; Towa, ee hogs per person. Needed for farm consumption, 12: lbs. per person. a 32nd in poultry production per person, fowls...--+-2-02+7+° Needed 12 fowls per person Per year ; deficit 4.64 fowls per person. Total deficit 139,000 fowls. 55th in increase in farm sales of dairy produces, per cent... Total sales in 1910 were $6,971. State increase was 146 per cent. Sampson produced 6 pounds of butter per person; rank 56th. The amount needed was 48 pounds per person per year; per capita deficit was 42 pounds. 79th in li ducts per person...-+--20+507 vette i UREA eas $17. Per capita crop Alleghany $65; State average, production in Sampson was $93. The total farm wealth produced was $114 per person. 27 i 26 10,413 can ierieieta rea 1,710 32 j 41 234.3 7.36 154 Spa imeaceiicn ane $21 x s 3 é 1} |} | | | . 29 Sampson County EconoMic AND SoctaL Be 28 Sampson County: Economro anp Socran t 17% doz... 524,685 doz. q (4). Eggs: Needed for 29,982 pop. a: 177° Te" 303,274 doz. i 1. Foop anp Fexp eae ere Ro 221,411 doz i Needed: 29,982 people!at™ $84! Goon Win eas: $2,518,000 DSfCite at oases wie aed eee ae : : f 5,510 work animals at $39.39...........0.04, 217,000 uae 29,982 pop. at 31 bu..... 929,442 bu. 4,362 dairy cows at $18.55.........0c0seseee 80,915 ()e Comms Needed £04 Cog aoe eineee euia 777,340 bu. 8,565 other cattle at $8.09.................- 69,291 roduced oe e i AES Sos) eke SUP, oo SACOM Menten ee eC) Grit ecient ee eras 152,102 bu. A749 3us wine gate $6.09 syrah Nae ae 317,728 | IDYS ity ihe Mean eh poe 119,928 bu. ‘ : (6) Wheat: Needed for 29,982 pop. at 4 ome ie ds722, bu. Total food and feed needed..........0s.00-. $3,207,384 Teh al Aco ose once ae Onno e ROE b 2. Foop ann Frep TRLETN «ee stan Gado SoBe AASB RRO LAS 118,206 bu. Produced: food and feed crops................004e-. 1,257,091 Sereda k animals at Dairy products coe Ree Tanah Oren eR : 42,626 (7) Hay: Needed fas fea aes Boule mendes eh ae eet 134,027 amici tS Bern ge Hloneyeandaewax tt meat acne te ten eet 3,720 rod NC eC ar aapeta ges 4 Animals sold and slaughterediia.c.0. civics 480,198 Teh Bas apo cea snp aaron mene ae ea yous i: Deficit ..---++++9° Total food and feed DLoduce daar smmteriee $1,917,662 Shortage in home-raised food ANGETCed crt wie wel $1,289,000 Cotton and tobacco crop value was $1,538,000 which paid our bill for imported supplies and left us $249,000 p over. This surplus averaged $8.30 per inhabitant per b year, or 2.3 cents per day. Getting rich at this rate i is a slow process, i 3. Distrrpution or Foon anp FEED SHorTAcE | (1) Meat Needed: 29,982 DODatalog: lbsieananee 4,557,264 Ibs. 7 Produced: 180 calves at 150 tbs, 3,508 cattle at 350 Ibs... 221,120 poultry at 3% Ibs... 35,138 hogs at 200 Ibs bacubSooesud * 27,000 Ibs. -1,227,800 Ibs. - 773,921 Ibs. bowbdopudgse 7,027,600 Ibs. Rae roo tcat Ra NE 9,056,321 Ibs. SUNDIisiieemin tens CUS ita pan faery 4,499,057 Ibs. (2) Needed: Butter for 29,982 pop. at 48 Ibs... .1,439,136 Ibs. Producedgaren teow iw ie oe numa? 174,490 Ibs. Deficitehimns sae yare sr eal Ni 1,264,646 Ibs. (3) Fowls: Needed for 29,982 pop. at 12........ 359,784 fowls Producedwanpyimnemencin ac. at aoa seen 221,120 fowls Ty Deficiteynwriancacn Meet er a ae ee 138,664 fowls 30 S AMPSON Co unty: Eco g NOMIC ann § OCIAL FIVE-YEAR G AINS IN SAM RUBAISSCHGO SO ee S. H. Hoss, Jr. foe , weak, little schools and ee igger schools; because larget % etter equipment. Sampson and compare the number Peepeoganon. (See the Univer- 2 or the significance of this move- ~14 we had 35 i aspera bea cee schools with two or more teachers. Here is €; but sti Tr 1s i : still nearly three-fifths of our country counties make a better i y one teacher and 32 showing. 2. Better Equipment only 22 school onsiderable j ; s h ncrea, . Here is a gain ad patent desks; in 1914, a eauipment, Tn. 1908-09 of 132 per cent. , these had increased to 51. still h Thirty ave home-made desks, irty-two of our rural white schools There has been a ¢ 3. Better Teach ers Possibl mo: im) he y the st i important gain in the last five years is i sis in t quality of in i struction. Th creased from 114 to 144 € number of rural white teachers has i crea: \ as in- incre and ¢ i with ‘ased from 22 to 61, or ee epee cies Hommel freiting lng college diplomas has i out 177 per cent; while the number to 64, Fe ars : » or 36.2 pér cent, of experience has increased from 47 Along with the incre a! Better Salaries ased efficienc y of the teachers » we also notice co AND SociaL 31 Sampson County: EconomMi salaries paid rural white teachers. In 1908-09, the average annual salary per white teacher was $142.67. In 1913-14, it £ 48.74 per cent. However, this is a was $212.21, or an increase 0 small salary for any teacher to receive and is befow the state average which is $235.27. Edgecombe leads with $358.80. We stand 66th in salaries paid rural white teachers. One of the things Sampson has to be proud o holds in school expenditures per $1,000 worth of pro it was $13.85. Only two counties in the state spent more. leads with $20.85; State average is $8.03. 5. “Small School Population and Large Enrollment Sampson had an increase in population during these five years, but strange to say a decrease in school population of 4.4 per cent. The decrease was from 9,900 to 9,466. However, the total school enroll- ment increased from 7,822 to 8,312 or 6.37 per cent. Also attendanec fell from 5,436 to 5,284, a loss of .8 per cent, but the white school attendance on enrollment shows an increase. In 1914 we ranked 69th in white school attendance, the per cent being 63.6. However, the per cent of school population - enrolled in schools increased from 78 to 87.8 per cent, or an increase of 9.8 per cent. It is startling to find that more than two-fifths of the children of school age in Sampson in 1913-14 were practically out of school. 6. Strange Contradictions ore teachers, we find only 22 in 1908-09, se of 59 per cent. The per hers increased from 24.5 to the increase in f is the rank she erty. In 1913-14 McDowell In schools having two or m while in 1913-14 we find 35, or an increa, oe of schools having two or more teac ie On the one hand we have an encour two-teacher schools and the number of trained teachers, put on the other hand we find a decrease in school population, in average daily attendance, and a very small increase in total enrollment. This is due largely to our inability to retain experienced teachers. 7. Grasshopper Teachers We need country-minded teachers, who will stay on and become community leaders. This can only be done by paying them enough to induce them to stay after they have received some training. We pay our white teachers less than 65 other counties of the state. One of the ways to get the money with which to do this would be to increase the local tax rate on the $1,000. Sixty-four counties in the State have a higher local tax rate than Sampson. as much good from what However, we know that Sampson realizes she spends as any other county in the State. We have one of the most aging increase in the number of Rh NALS 32 efficient superintendents in the State. flowing with enthusiasm. He is treme and progress of his teachers and pupi have taken a lead in the progressiy We stand well in Boys’ Corn Club Canning Clubs. We take vital inter sanitation and health, Sampson’s county commencement i: people look forward to it with keen a: very first counties to have such a c grown in significance and value. bigger and better than ever. nticipation. Sampson County: Economic anp Socrat He is thoroughly alive and over- ndously interested in the welfare Is. He and most of his teachers. e school movements of the day- work, and in the number of Girls’ est in other movements such as: S an important event and all the We were one of the ommencement and it has rapidly This year, 1917, it is expected to be Sampson County : Economic AND SoctaL 33 90 invested On a per capita basis Sampson has $2 in rural school property. ty and special) per $1000 $4.76 in local school tax rate (county ‘ord comes last tf Pamlico leads with $8.90 and Her! ie “ ildi nd sti plies....+++++ i unt spent upon buildings a d Pp in Ja whi eachers, average.------* i ries paid rural white tea 7 in sa in the 54 teachers in t 27, Of the-1 je ee Shana Nats training and 13 have co county, 34th See a aa i i er cent...--+++++9° i 1 tax districts, PD ‘ Thirt ee 4 school districts levy local tax. irty 4 ANA istrict taxes 39th in total revenue from district $8,936.00 35.7 $10,414.55. “Teontl fund $6,809 ; from . tate equilization : S Received from s ; 63.6 FIVE-YEAR GAINS IN SAMPSON COUNTY RURAL SCHOOL high school fund ,$1,000. tiene per cent see: peperee ac 118-14 t 5-YEAR 69th in school attendance on ae 1908-09 eee ee State average eee two or more tea i 32nd_ in rural schools se Rnrees IE a en Os er Raised by local tax.......,..,,.. $37.898.00 $38,505.00 16 fe Ga ahi santes Rather accer ah thte Spent on t’ching and Supervision 21,025.00 36,247.00 72.4 Thirty-five of the 84 have two or Hage ionen desks, Spent on building and supplies.. 7,336.00 8,936.00 fee in rural schools (white) with old- renee Administration ............. 1,669.00 5,535.00 216. Hie aee, Mundas Rhee Ama aeatacg Es : ee eds Total school population......... 9,900 9,466 4.4 i nipntes of our 84 schools a otpea ected, ae sere i pias einen ataads Le aa sy 60th in average expenditure per high oR He a saan Na Afoeree : ; er cent enro MEN es ze Of ER. OLED iain g beeen Bh Laine aichs > ear. Sacer nek SA Sate ee aero revious y! Average daily attendance... 5,436 5,284 2.8% nea e increase of ve zat z lowest with Per cent attending........... 55 56.9 1.9 ds with $52.63; Fr Average annual salaries (white) $142.67 $212.21 48.7 Ane: me Ilment, per cent.. School property ............... $50,400.00 $87,534.00 73.7 Sees 1 attendance on enro ‘js last with 0 77% 27th in high school a cent; Wayne is la: Deaton ae ach ers... 2 % 59 Burke leads with 93.2 per 2 : 5 re teachers... cent. 4 : 1 property, Per cent having 2 or more t’chers 24.5 42.2 17.7 Saving ita investment in white schoo! Properly, Total rural white teachers...... 114 144 26.5 pene aia one PS icaie walt $1397 No. with normal training......., 22 61 177 tome $5.10. Durham leads No. with 4 years experience... 47 64 $6.2 Ets fee owese with only 44 cents. No. having college diplomas... 1 13 1200 ? tls With patent desks........... 22 51 132 New school houses .........__ 8 9 12.5 Cost an tee aa og $6,074 $5,485 Oe Total school districts......,... 4 90 84 6.66* Local tax districts 1.1.0... 10 30 200 Note: Asterisk (*) means decrease. STATUS OF SAMPSON COUNTY 33rd in total taxable wealth, 1913 12th in investment in rural school Property... RURAL SCHOOLS, 1913-14 $8,087,352.00 $87,534.00 34 Sampson Country: Economic anp Socrar Sampson County: Economic AND SocraL 35 there was no law in North Carolina providing for the incorporation hose who were promoting the plan, realiz- RURAL SOCIAL ORGANIZATION * of a rural community; but t e ded was not so much governmental machinery ing that what was nee! Roneet F. Moszixy as co-operation on the part of the people themselves, set about Promot- f interest and effort as would secure with- ing such an organization o out the machinery of government the advantages the people needed. How the People Planned The First Community League ‘A conference of the State’s leaders in educational, agricultural, pat ere sere cement was held a year ago in the The Community League, which was organized with this end in view, for rural uplift. A nett, sexner looking toward specific efforts allotted the work of upbuilding to six committees as follows: which was to be tested out pease Wapedia formulated 1. A Committee on Social Life-—To provide HOS eae OF HEE a standard of community life. Kee Ne ibe ee a 3 ee ation and amusement such as games, ae ea are far the sie to find the place that would lend itself most readily to thelr plan off’ td {0 Brovide foe roads good enough to make i poss P development, the State y to their plan © ple of the section to get together easily and quickly. 8 shee leaders settled upon Salemburg, in Sampso” 4 ion--To improve the school, and to County, for the official community. Th ae P 2. A Committtee on Education- prc 1}; ) and the leading citizens of Sal a caecum cfticlalseor Sampso® broaden the educational work of the community by organizing boys force in the experiment, and eens deine hands with: the Stat@ and girls’ industrial clubs, debating societies, etc., and by making pro- educational, agricultural, aril acme oe the Bane a coun vision for getting farm bulletins, books, and papers into the homes of aaa . ? i rtments met the whole citi- th Sek aay a se eth Salemburg on March 31, 1914, for the Se ee sai oe esis proeresseTs arrange co-operative pro- This extract from an ae eee fenees di h duction, ‘buying and SeHline, ECGS RC ier AE wea one is ; iss Lula M. Cassidey tells of thé Rs. gaa a at ee which has worked out so successfully i? ie io aaa aes on Moral Conditions and Improvements.—To de- Pete a eae Pete & a the way seems to have been pointed out velop the churches, Sunday schools, and allied organizations, and to Carolina. olution of our country-life problem in North formulate plans for raising the moral standing of the community. The experiment has b 5. A Committee on Health Conditions and Improvements.—To it have i cen successful because those responsible fF adopt means for improving the health of the community. pe Pr ae. the country-life problem in terms of the farmer's 6. A Committee on Woman’s Work.—To assist in improving home ai toeceaienet ee ae that what the man in the country needs equipment, home management, etc. q ; that he needs greater See Lecco. tals dceeanc ana a The committees immediately began work, and they worked with It means that, of course, but han PCr tres tn Ok beieer schools: such energy and effectiveness as to prove beyond doubt that when the ORS eA Rae es ae if sO means more than that. It means people of a rural community organize with a purpose, they can so de- country life must be freed f agent be Grelaped It means that velop the latent resources of their community as to provide all those tractive; that it must have eek isolation; that it must be made at things—wealth, schools, churches, social life—everything necessary the ademas of communit eee within it, as far as possible, all to make their life happy and satisfying. ae And so the idea of the i a What the community accomplished is so well known that it is hard- section as many as possible Beane Was to.develop in the Salemburgly ly necessary to do more than indicate in a general way what happened life more attractive th: of those advantages that have made tow? when these Salemburg people came to the realization of what they ae ctive than country life has been to the farmer who 45 could do for themselves. ambitious for himself and family. And: it sought to accomplish that ; ais Purpose by welding the people of that country district into a real, Better Health Conditions organized community, which would make it possible for them to co-op~ One of the first activities LS ee ee Copii ara and thorough clean-up of the whole co: t treated, many of the people were given typhoid and small pox vaccine, homes were screened, precautions were taken against breeding of flies erate in securing for themselves the advantages which must be offered if country life is to be wholly satisfying, and which can be obtained only through a common interest and effort. At the time it was decided to make Salemburg a model community hort every means was used of disease, and since the organized he of the Community League, somewhat later, arrangem with the result that ther modern school house, alth work was begun. community and into another a special local tax w ents were made f{ Now the community with a suitable audito: children are taught n ng, agriculture, and as voted the school, and, or building a new and has a consolidated six- rium, and an eight-acre ot: only the ordinary sub- woodworking as well, Livelier Social Life to free the community from the dangers e has been very little sickness Operative buying and selling ed farming machinery, Now f a winter cover crop,. and TAL 387 Saneson County: Economic AND Soc re not satisfied alone with the jated. The Salemburg folk we m healthy, wealthy, re- appreciated ake the Ss a arpa cee Poeeattnsd was to be happy, and they i a ligious, and educated. hy, o matter how healthy, : be altogether happy n less they realized that they ene sa how well educated they ee ae ee an ad a satisfyin; i And they solved it. The commun , men’s : GSO aaah ap en Pe month the community takes a day icni i And onc Picnics and parties. ; eeting, at which ty get-together m ; has a communi A mittees report. ard ete se ie at carried out and the yar and sons are no a program 1s ee farmers’ wives, and daug ae sfeca aeonka ate freee aee They all know, their neighbors, an Pen ieee ao ich pees among themselves which is p' ind of social in ees i ace a socially developed rural eaaniehed without one bit of Sea i ee) far as its And all this has been act incorporated and so ce unity is not in her rural district The Salemburg seanie is not different from ae oe Maca eee cakes a ‘difference lies only in the ia dae * a Pata Rosia to make their country life s people have co- The Idea Spreads Leeks SEEN ERE ORD its experiment, ’ Six months after Salemburg an satisfied with the Salemburg . iles away, was 4, the same plan. vanes eae eae a community Sarai: communities in ee ie i aan Clement, and Laurel Hill, o ater on Autryville, f last December and as recently as last f ized in the same way, and change itself from nace rape the necessary ae i Certs region such as deed ing but an ordinary i e 5 3 f ral com Daas we ir ab eae modern, progressive, satisfied rura one finds everyw Zan munity. club and its girls’ club. It has Jefferson’s Ideal development of the need for the P Long ago, Thomas Jefferson pees Clarence Poe has pointed out eet ats aie Sean in Sampson, “J: fence ne ce in an article on paar in his body he would fight oe ee change as long as Ne ped he provision for organizing we tis! idea was nth ples tad ge nities into wards,” as he puts ak miles square, a ea a Anetta rural COA ie base pune re rganize all ov: local repu J a6 Seal capable rural LDOueL a naara! and each having gen- . - sa dh Ea oa ei in the form of a board of com uine local self-government, issioners or f county commiss: Bs ive i to the board o x d giving eae es ae aa town, meeting at stated intervals, and g the board of alder: 84974 en RET URES is dobans . ganized themselves socially and economic 38 Sampson Coun TY? Eco OM AN Socran NOMIC D farming people the privi Privileges of | England towns have always Beton Ge le a by ae recent legislature—the very first in alemburg and these other Sampson co -government, such as New W to this effect was passed the South so far. mmunities have already or- ally, and will now organize a fed Jefferson’s idea of what a ley are becoming wealthy commun- with their own churches and pastors. ie and amusement independent of ide sieyelaned and satisfying. They are rough organization and co-operation y people. And in working out their themselves politi : country Sannin eyes ee ities, with their. modern echo: with their own means of recreati town, with their social life ei working out their own salvation t in terms of the needs of countr Sampson County: Economic AND SocraL 39 THINGS TO BE PROUD OF IN SAMPSON COUNTY W. E. MatrHews eat many things to be proud of. Besides es in the State it is one of the most pros- progressive and most Sampson county has a gr being one of the oldest counti perous. It is the home of some of the most distinctly wide-awake people in North Carolina. Clinton is a beautiful little growing town with a Clinton, the county seat, normous amount of business is population of about 1,800. Here an ¢ carried on for a town of this size. Its place in history is as pronounced as that of Sampson County; and if any person can be found in the eastern part of North Carolina who has not heard of Clinton we will answer at once that the reason is that he has never raised any green corn or eaten any Big Blue huckleberries. Our Schools Sampson can pride itself especially on its high rate of school at- tendance. In the census year 81.7 per cent of all white children in the county between the ages of 6 and 14 years were in school. The State average was only 75.7 per cent. Back of this high rate of attendance of the children is the willingness of the people to bear taxes for school support. In this respect Sampson ranks third among the counties of the State. She spends $13.85 on the thousand dollars worth of tax- able property while the State average is only $8.03. This explains the enormous rate at which Sampson has been advancing in educational growth in recent years. The interest in schools has been stimulated to a high pitch, and the authorities in charge of the school system are doing all that energy and enthusiasm can do to make the rating of Sampson even better in this respect. Model Communities The fact that the people of Sampson are thoroughly alive to pro- gressive movements in education js. shown by the great interest taken in the establishment of Social Service Organizations, and Model Com- munities, Salemburg, the first Model Community established in this part of the country, is famous far and wide. It has served as the model for establishing other such community organizations. Wealth pride herself upon her amount of farm Sampson county can justly 874,250, which is more than that of wealth. It amounted in 1910 to $9, 40 . Sampson County: Economic anp Socran 89 counties in the State. During the period 1900-1910 only 15 counties made a.greater increase in farm wealth. During the same period the increase in value of domestic animals was 125 per cent, while the state increase was only 109 per cent. The value of all taxable property in Sampson in 1913 was $8,081,574, and the increase from 1903 to 1913 was 101 per cent. This great in- crease in taxable property gives an insight into the actual wealth of Sampson and the willingness of the people to bear public burdens for public progress and prosperity. ; The per capita country wealth in Sampson is $330, which is above the State average, $322. The amount is not very large as compared with that of the United States which is about three times as large; but is beyond the average of 77 counties in this State. Low Tax Rate There are 83 counties in North Carolina that have a higher tax raté than Sampson. The State and county rate was only 82 2-3 cents on the $100 in 1913. Yancey was highest with $1.68 2-3. This speaks well for Sampson. In spite of the fact that she is singularly progres- sive along every line, she is able to keep her tax rate below that of 83 of her sister counties. She is progressive but economical. When we consider that Sampson’s per capita country wealth is above that of 77 other counties in the State and that her tax rate is lower than that of 83 we have proof of the contention that she is in the front rank. She is frugal in expending tax money, but when the question of edu- cation comes up she is ready and waiting. Agriculture The number of farms in the county was 4,577 in 1910. Only 6 counties had more. Our farmers form the backbone of community life and have made our civilization strong and stable. Farming has placed Sampson in the front row in some features of farm life. She had 221,120 fowls of all kinds in 1910, and the increase in the previous ten years was 43.9 per cent. Only 17 counties had a greater number of poultry on hand when the 1910 census was taken. Sampson has always been noted for pork production. Its number of hogs for every 1,000 acres in 1910 was 80, while the State average was only 39 and the U. S. average 66. From 1900 to 1910 only 28 counties in North Carolina increased in swine production. Sampson’s increase was 11 per cent. Even since the stock law has come into use the fame of Sampson county hams has remained unshaken. In cotton production in 1916 Sampson ranks eleventh in the State. In 1914 we produced 28,508 bales. Robeson led with 74,168 bales. In corn production Sampson ranks high, being third in the total number of bushels in 1910. At that time, we produced 777,340 bushels. While Sampson County: Economic anp Soctan 41 our cotton production greatly decreased in 1915 and 1916, our corn crop was greatly increased. So great was the readjustment to war conditions that we produced almost enough corn in 1916 for home con- sumption. , This speaks well for the economic development of the county; for in 1910, although we produced cotton and tobacco crops to the value of $1,538,000 our shortage in home-raised food and feed stuffs was $1,289,217. The drought in 1915 caused the cotton crop to drop from 28,508 bales to 15,531 bales, but the increase in corn production demonstrates to the people the truth of the contention that it is better to raise corn at home than to raise cotton and buy corn grown in Iowa or some other western State. The self-supporting stage of economic development that Sampson has almost reached is a stage that few counties in this State or any other have attained. Sampson ranks eighth in the total annual production of farm wealth, the average annual crop and animal products for the last census period being $3,406,599. Not only is the total production of farm wealth high, but the per capita production was $113.60, which was $28.00 beyond the average for the State. Our production of pork is very large as compared with that of other counties. While the State was producing 93 pounds of pork per person, Sampson was producing 234.3 pounds. Only three counties out-ranked us. The need is only 122 pounds per person. Sampson ranks high in boy’s corn club work. With 22 boys re- porting in 1915 she ranked seventh in the State. The boys produced an average of 70 bushels per acre which was about five times the average for the country at large. But in 1916 seven of our boys pro- duced an average of 75.5 bushels per acre at a cost of only 37.4 cents per bushel. : She also ranked second in girls’ canning club enrollment in 1915 with 173 girls reporting. In 1916, our Sampson girls lead the whole state in the numbers reporting, in the containers filled, and the profits earned. : The model community idea was worked out in Sampson county, Salemburg being the first model community established in the State. It is the pride of the people of the community and a living monument to the constructive progressiveness of Sampson county community workers. Education The public school system of Sampson county is one of the best in the State. The five-year growth in rural schools from 1908-09 to 1913-14, treated in another part of this bulletin, is sufficient evidence of this fact. The real educational growth of the county began with the labors of Mr, Isham Royall as county superintendent. Since then the schools have been growing steadily, both in number and in capacity hint Sampson Country ONOMI A. > Socran : Eo NOMIC AN men gives her a hj . a high ; callings, a: igh rank in No and Se LG It Eee “Wide reputati men of nati mother of such m ation, Sampson aes nation en as Willia, Prides herself on bei eing the in Congress prj mR. Ki States; Ptor to 18 - King, re : aes Gabriel oles ve and later ee ea of Sampson Out of Louisiana, | S°VeFMor of th sident of the United ther notable men € State; and Governor i . Years a member of the Nereis ave the late B as 0: Nati ne of the best Poste tonal House of Bee ee for several i ntatives and kno wn McKinn i on, once presi- al operation for ale first surgeon in N. C d : men of his times; Dr sidered, has today more pri more of self-confidence among and community interest than possi . ‘in the State. It has lighted the fire: interested old folks, boys, girls, men, county is giving promise Sampson County: Economic AND SocraL 43 Butler’s Estimate of Us Butler, Sampson county, all things con- hope of the future, £ neighborly feeling bly any other thinly settled county s of ambition on the farm, and has and women alike. Sampson best rural community in the ole rural United States hing an idea. In the words of Bion H. de of locality, more her people, more 0 of being the country to live in, and it has done for the wh what it has done for itself by discovering and establis 11 not stop with The Sampson County Rural Community Plan wi Sampson county lines any more than the religious liberty could stop with John Knox. The good about Sampson’s contribution to humanity is that it includes a great varie Sampson county’s dream is as comprehensive as @ mnibus Bill in Con- gress. Tt covers practically every nd it is working it all out on a characteristic commmunity co-operative plan. Sampson county has waked up to her vast possibilities, and she is solving a great big, all-inclusive problem—that of community co-opera- tion. big log-rolling O thing worth having, a a == _ Mente In many respects movements in this tails the list and before we exha support, Ust either 0; e hav re ur w © yet a Theis ealth or our ei way to go ess in school local s ool districts chool support, (@) must be more willj nly 30 of t willing to tax themsel mselves for local sch ool t; last ¢ ax. New | districts ; hree years, Bu ocal tax diseases tricts in 1914 were levying a nor We cannot have can we afford to ill, will leay € us » Who, for better Day ate they acquire ere. We must Sampson County: Economic AND Soctan 45 way to keep them is tax ourselves pay them and keep them. The only liberally. f our native whites 10 years old and 3. In 1910, 14.3 per cent 0 d nor write. They are They could neither rea And near-illiterates are even more num- i ention is given them. Moon- portunity here over were illiterate. what we call sheer illiterates. erous than sheer-illiterates, though 1 light schools and country churches among these two classes. 4. Our native white illi white voters. Nearly one out 21 years of age and over could neither read nor counties in the State had a smaller per cent. This class also, if ever reached and served, served through night schools and church workers. willing, could be a mighty agency in reducing illiteracy in the South. These people have passed the age when they can be reached by public hed by other means, or live and die in terate voters were 1 of every five white men in the county write. Seventy-five must be reached and The churches, if schools. They must be reac sheer ignorance of the big wide world in which they live. Approaching this superstitious and suspicious class calls for a great deal of di- They do not plomacy and indeed it must be done with exceeding care. like to be reminded of their short-comings. Sampson ranks well in church membership. Sixty per cent of our people, 10 years old and over, were on the rolls of our churches in Nevertheless the 1906; and only 36 counties made a better showing. people of these ages not on church rolls numbered 8,306; and it is sig- nificant that this number tallies almost exactly with the number of farm tenants and the members of their families, the illiterates and the near- illiterates of the county. This same correspondence is true of almost every other county in the State. The deadliest menaces of the country church are farm tenancy, sheer-illiteracy, and near-illiteracy. And these are the chief home mission problems in North Carolina. 5. An ill-balanced farm system. Sampson is not a self-feeding and therefore not a self-financing farm community; or not so jn the census year. The money sent out of the county for food and feed supplies 1910 amounted to close around one and a quarter million dollars. Either this, or we did without some of the bare necessities of existence. In five years it equals the total farm wealth accumulated in Sampson in 126 years! In the census year 1,514 farms bought feed averaging pay more attention to produc- $30.69 apiece. Sampson farmers must tion of feed for their farm animals. The farmers should also raise much more food for their families. In 1910 the wheat crop was only The need is 4 bushels per per- one-twentieth of a bushel per person. son per year. To meet this need we must produce about 120,000 bushels. The farmers saw the need in 1915 and produced nearly enough to feed the county but they fell behind last year- Flour is now higher 7.5 per cent of our total . rnin ya ill be small. In 1910 the per capita taxable a pene es per cent a e tenants 1,228 are See The landless, a er about 6,000 souls. mpson are farm owners, oe or Standing- their families , ing int abo} © pr : ut three-fourths Oductive uses 43 f of the land 8,500 idle acres in S ampson, or tar pete econ amili € coun . Tes for wood ae ty. Here is elbow- Derity, bett ould mea Gast) er : n be iets, business for ‘ine oe schools, better ae © cente: Oads, greater pros- arge cities eee st Line, in - Norfolk has been Sampson County: Economic AND SocraL 47 d market milk, butter, ganizations elsewhere. folk and other cities pee counties. This company could collect an re meats, and even vegetables as do similar or: ese products could be delivere where we might have an organize The Atlantic Coast Line sees d market. the possibilities of Eastern North porous and is hard at work trying to get the people interested in Wvestock. A livestock exhibit at Wilmington is one of the means the authorities are employing to get the people in our section of the state interestediint livestock melts thein cream that interest will be aroused ae the people will see the value of stocking their farms with more and etter livestock. If they succeed in their purposes, in a few years this ee of the state will become the center of an important livestock rritory. They realize that livestock is the best means of building up worn-out lands of which we have an abundance in the eastern part of ic is the basis of all farm prosperity— ae pate They say that livestoc j per Our ey are right. We have already waited too long to see this point. a a interests have been entirely wrapped up 10 cotton and erat We cannot afford to give UP these crops, neither can We to grow them exclusively. eyitne farms in Sampson are ugh animal units per 1,000 acr rule, not of the best quality. Especially is this tru and cattle. rs Our shortage in livestock appears in a study of the 1910 census he At that time we had room for 118,000 animal units, but we ven only 24,000 animal units on our 590,000 acres; which means that ene 79 per cent below the level of even a lightly stocked farm area. esta grow up a generation of livestock lovers and make improved es animals the basis of farm prosperity. They will fertilize our ils and feed our families, leaving cotton and tobacco to furnish cash sors pocket books and bank accounts. t will take time to bring about such ounty, but there is no need for delay in making ost way. The world is clamoring for food supp Sampson has a great chance to furnish her share of it with profit. rece are high and profits are well assured. The philosophy laid down ase: Grady years ago should be followed in Sampson today. He rae : “When every farmer in the South shall eat pread from his own elds and meat from his own pantries, and disturbed by no creditor and enslaved by no debt, shall amid his teeming orchards and vine- ea and dairies and barns, pitch his own crops in his own wisdom ni : * grow them in independence, ma and tobacco clean king cotton ere and selling these in his own time, and in his chosen market, r smobial se master’s bidding—getting his pay in cash and not in a eceipted mortgage that discharges his debt, but does not re We do not have 1s we have are, as e of our swine too lightly stocked. es and what anima a change in farming in our a beginning in the lies at high prices, store his ——— mene None of the farmers alone. ne is not likel i fae y to bridge the ane gulf betwee Hasan sh hae cannot solve the bIanune e help of the bankers and Se He mu St also hay 1 companies, ¢ the help of the boards of trade and ‘ ade an Tural credit alone merchants, ; lar, : aie y farm conditions. Market t ie ash news of good or bad S year the farmers of the ant ini S and ministers alike. We de- trin : Ids a wo! it nd f tld. The dema y of inescapable actedliticy, a ei ea the Opportunit a other furni Portunities, and the p MUenerhanii ee! tore the mane ulk of thei €ir business, their business Tet ‘it tortunes. Over half of the rail- count: ty for population, for the re- and ness and busi . for spiritual ness genius, for civic and fee: Suidance. Three-fourths eerie m eh advantages and credit s fundamental for the to cover food and feed crops as we Sampson County: Economic AND SoctaL 49 Mutual Prosperity o city can grow fat in a lean country- side. Many cities in the nation have realized this fact and are doing all in their power to promote prosperity in the surrounding farm regions. ‘They know that their prosperity depends largely upon pe Prosperity of the country regions roundabout ; that the better the con- dition of the farmers in their trade territories, the better the cities will rs solve the problems of local be. The cities must help the farme markets for home-raised food and feed supplies. “Our farmers will only raise such supplies in abundance when they can convert them into instant, ready cash at a fair price and profit ; and not otherwise. : The Clinton Chamber of Commerce has extended its activity far into the country regions of Sampson within the last year oF two. It has encouraged the growth of tobacco by offering prizes for the best showings made by farmers. Several merchants have subscribed prizes for the farmers who excelled in certain particulars of growth and prep- aration for the market. This is a capita +t should be made 11, fo i d that accumula’ It is well to remember that n community that is most prosperous an rapidly. The bankers of Clinton can do more in a single year to promote a bread-and-meat, live-at-home farm system is Sampson than our gospel of diversified agriculture is likely to effect in a life-time. , Tenants and small farmers involved in a supply-merchant, time- credit system of farming are powerless. They do not raise food sup- Plies enough for home consumption, because they neglect to do it or are not allowed to do it. They fell short of it in Sampson in 1910 by more than eleven hundred thousand dollars. This is the vast sum that the farmers themselves sent out of the county in ready cash for farm supplies. Its loss left traders, tenants, Jandlords, and bankers poor alike—just so much the poorer. If it could be held down in Sampson by live-at-home farming the total wealth would be doubled in seven or eight years. The Texas bankers have solved the problem. They are refusing to discount a merchant’s paper when it is protected by crop-liens based on cotton acreage alone. Before they will discount a crop lien paper the farmer must sign a detailed written agreement to plant a certain amount, covering about half his acreage, in specified food and feed crops. This changes the character of the supply-merchant’s business ; but it increases its volume and bases it on principles of safety instead of hazardous risks. Before the bankers made thi of the State $217,000,000 a year to meat farmers of the middle west. Texas sent out £ the bread and t amount of s move, farmers of swell the purses 0 Now they keep this vas’ 4 se 50 Sampson Couyry : money at home to enrich the State; and furthermore the farmers pro- duce as much cotton as: befo: re. This same Policy would work effec- ¥ cotton and tobacco counties in. North Carolina. 1 ) } to six committees as follows: (1) Com- mittee on Social Life, (2) Educational Work, (3) Farm Progress, mProvements, (5) Health Conditions and man’s Work, operation in buying and selli and all the rest. The ho: which is doing significa hold management and lusekeepers are organized into a Matron’s Club nt work in Promoting home industries, house- general uplift work, The 65th 66th 91st 67th 76th 37th 63rd 67th 59th 79th 69th 94th 60th 66th Sa oO $4 OM ND 51 2 OCIAL N (e UNTY * Econ Ic A Ss MPSO. . 1,000 $ 4. jal) on the $1,00 Ped county and speci last with ae ae oho and Hertford comes Pamlico leads 4, average.-----° Nee : hite teachers, 1914, av the county in salaries paid rural eee the 154 teachers 10 aio asi State average $235.27. | d 13 have college _. $98.00 aining, an ers, 1914..-- Crees Bie ata negro school a over, per cent a Mei me literates, 10 years old an ber, per cent 17. in native white illite te voters 332 in number, 60 Faas ite illitera' ? in native white il Pilsen sued QOogsIOes ; ip in 1906, per ¢ Panes ae See rareett Figures cover ee ees Bids e peat outside the churc old and over. Ider. old and o 06, ten years , tons : he Sai production, total crop in hay an shelS.-