~ if : ; Freda ick Hen yy Mock RS SEI ES UL - by ly < t) | foe (afiey Ae 4 [ Wtchwdk Cares, [on Neehsr, vrs 194 f¢ ] 7 a Raleigh THE SHEPHERD OF THE OCEAN Whom I asked from what place he came, And how he hight, himself he did ycleepe “The Shepherd of the Ocean” by name, And said he came far from the main-sea deep. Spenser’s The Faerie Queene. bt WORLD,” THE OF a as \ pence Bare LA RMS BUN? “THE HISTORY IN The only portrait of him published during his lifetime PORTRAIT OF RALEIGH Ralvigh THE SHEPHERD OF THE OCEAN A Pageant-Drama BY FREDERICK HENRY KOCH Professor of Dramatic Literature in the University of North Carolina DeEsIGNED TO COMMEMORATE THE TERCENTENARY OF THE Execution or Sir WALTER RALeIcH With a Foreword by Edwin Greenlaw or Bs ce A ey $ | he PRINTED AT Raleigh, North Carolina BY EDWARDS & BROUGHTON PRINTING CO, MCMXX PORTRAIT OF RALEIGH IN “THE HISTORY OF THI TI wv portrait To THE CITIZENS OF THE “CITIE OF RALEGH” in NortH CAROLINA Copyright, 1920, by INHERITORS OF THE BRAVE SPIRIT OF FREDERICK HENRY KOCH THE PIONEER COLONIZER All rights reserved, including acting rights SIR WALTER RALEIGH and motion. picture rights WHO WROTE JUST BEFORE HIS FALL “] shall yet live to see it an English nation” Contents THE RALEIGH TERCENTENARY . FoREWORD CHARACTERS REPRESENTED . THE PROLOGUE . THE First Part EpisopE I INTERLUDE . EpisopeE II . THE INTERLUDE THE SEconpD Part . EptsopE I INTERLUDE . EptsopeE II . INTERLUDE . Episope III THE EPILOGUE . THE DIRECTORS OF THE PAGEANT . THE COMMITTEES OF THE PAGEANT THE PRINCIPAL PLAYERS OF THE PAGEANT . List of Dllustrations Cover Design: THe ARMs OF SiR WALTER RALEIGH, WITH AUTOGRAPH. The arms from the Heralds’ College, London. The autograph—facsimile in letter to Mr. R. Duke, July 26, 1584. Sm WALTER RALEIGH . . - . . . . Frontispiece Portrait of Raleigh in the Third Edition of The History of the World, 1617. FACING PAGE Tue BIRTHPLACE OF WALTER RALEIGH. . - + + + 23 From a photograph. Queen ExtzapeTH . 2°02 1 6 Se Se ee es 29 From painting by Zucchero in the National Portrait Gallery. InpIAN CurEFs OF ROANOKE ISLAND . From the John White Pictures. THe DEFEAT OF THE SPANISH ARMADA, 1588. . « . 41 From Tapestry Hangings of the House of Lords, engraved by J. Pine, 1739. Tur ARRIVAL OF THE ENGLISH AT ROANOKE Isuanp.” . 53 From the John White Pictures. RALEIcH’s CELL IN THE BLoopy TOWER From a drawing by J. Wykeham Archer, 1851. Tue Sire or Fort RALEIGH ON RoANOKE IsLAND From the painting by Jacques Busbee. The Raleigh Cercentenarp SHALL yet live to see it an English nation!” So wrote Sir Walter Raleigh, with far-seeing vis- ion, just before his fall, concerning his “Lost Col- ony” of Roanoke and his Citie of Ralegh in America. Today the figure of Sir Walter Raleigh appears the more imposing in the perspective of the years—the complete embodiment of the talents of the versatile age in which he lived. Courtier, soldier, sea-captain, statesman, explorer, scientist, historian, poet—he was, perhaps, the most representative man of his time. But chiefly he was the pioneer colonizer of the New World of America. It is especially fitting that Raleigh, The Shepherd of the Ocean, be produced at this particular time, as the contribution of the State of North Carolina to the celebrations being held conjointly both in England and in the United States in 1920-21, to commemorate the correlated occurrences which mark the beginnings and the development of our free English institutions. In this international celebration the landing on Roan- oke Island in July, 1584, of the colonists of Sir Wal- ter Raleigh—the first English settlers in America— holds a unique place. It is the pioneer English set- tlement in America, a heritage which may well be cherished along with the better known later settlements at Jamestown and at Plymouth Rock. —= SAAB nt ~ Pe om Mat 4S war A 10 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean Raleigh, The Shepherd of the Ocean, is designed, not merely to present some of the shining incidents in the life of the man, but also to suggest something of the larger significance of his contribution. Sir Walter Raleigh is here conceived as representing the struggle of the English people for freedom from tyrant rule, as blazing the way for those who came after him to inherit the fruition of his vision of a brave New World—the proved reality of his dream of a new “English nation” in America. In writing this play of Raleigh, The Shepherd of the Ocean, I have enriched the text, wherever it was practicable, with the vivid phrases of Raleigh him- self—adapting various passages from his principal prose-writings, and including in the final scene his beautiful and haunting verses, Even such is time, etc., found in his Bible in the gatehouse at Westminster, and said to have been written by him the night before his execution. This Raleigh pageant-drama was devised and writ- ten originally for the commemoration of the Tercen- tenary of the execution of Sir Walter Raleigh on October 29, 1918, as planned by the State Literary and Historical Association of North Carolina. But the original plan was thwarted by the epidemic of in- fluenza, and now it is our purpose to produce it on the evenings of October 19th, 20th and 21st in a spacious Theatre of Nature in the suburbs of the City of Raleigh. The Raleigh Tercentenary 11 In the preparation of the text of the play I am deeply indebted to two of my former co-workers in community drama: to Dr. Orin Grant Libby, Profes- sor of History in the University of North Dakota, for necessary historical data and for his inspiration in interpreting them; and to Margaret Plank Ganssle, one of the group of writers of our first Dakota com- munal drama, A Pageant of the North-West, in 1914, for her important collaboration in the lyrics. I beg, also, to acknowledge my indebtedness for the song, God Save Britannia’s Queen, to the Shakespeare Ter- centenary Masque, Shakespeare, The Playmaker, written likewise in collaboration under my direction by a group of twenty members of The Dakota Play- makers in 1916, and published originally in the Quarterly Journal of the University of North Dakota. I desire to express my appreciation of the admira- ble civic spirit of those who have made possible the present production. Without the whole-hearted co- operation of the various organizations of the city of Raleigh, the original design of Mr. R. D. W. Connor, Secretary of the State Literary and Historical Asso- ciation of North Carolina, and of my esteemed col- league in the University of North Carolina, Dr. Ed- win Greenlaw, could not have become a reality. FrepDERIcK H. Kocu. Carpet Hitt, NortH Caro.ina, Avcust 8, 1920. SF oveword O the school-boy, and often to those who think only now and then of the more serious side of their youthful training, the Founders of America seem a sober people who braved the terrors of the sea and of the wilderness in order that they might worship God according to the dictates of their own conscience. If we seek an imaginative background for visualizing these venerable people, we find it in the poem by Mrs. Hemans about the stern and rock-bound coast; in the first Thanksgiving of Puritan men and women, mak- ing their way through the snow to the meeting-house and protected against the Devil by the Holy Book and against the Indians by their muskets. The som- bre tales of Hawthorne deepen the picture—The Minister’s Black Veil,” “The Gentle Boy,” and “Merrymount.” To these we add our slender remem- brances of early history—the expulsion of Roger Williams, the witchcraft delusion, Jonathan Edwards preaching his fiery sermon on “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,” and finish the chapter with the scene of the embattled farmers at Concord at the out- break of the Revolution. It is true that a few stories of colonial New York and Pennsylvania linger in our memories long after school days are over, and that even in middle age we sometimes try to recapture the delicious romantic thrill once felt in the story of [13] Sah RET TE 2S DEINE Pep. es YON ee a Ay Se al RINSE Oat Alyn Beall Be Tm 14 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean Pocahontas and Captain John Smith. But we are apt to feel that these are excursions into the land of romance and that what Whitman calls the real real is to be found chiefly in the stern New England life with its pioneer hardships, its sermons three hours long, its long prayers, and the New England Primer. Now there is much that is true and commendable in this attitude. But it is not the whole truth. The foundations of America are not to be found solely in the England of Cromwell, but also in the England of Elizabeth. So long as the New England tradition dominated American literature, American life, and to a certain extent American theories of government, it was only natural that schoolboys and girls in other parts of the country as well as in the neighborhood of Boston and New York should be brought up with such an imaginative background. The New England idea contributed the town meeting, freedom of thought and discussion, a lofty religious and ethical tradition. But it also contributed, from the nature of the events of our history from the landing of the Mayflower to the Revolution, certain Hebraic conceptions of na- tionality—an abiding consciousness of sin, a con- sciousness also of being a peculiar people, set apart from all others under the special charge of God, while from this apartness and from the necessities of the long struggle there sprang a hatred of England that has lasted for generations. Foreword 15 The New England tradition, fine as it is, and deeply interwoven in the strands of our national life, is after all but one strand. The America of the last half century is far nearer the earlier English tradition than to the tradition of Cromwell’s time. It is in the sense of adventure in modern life, in the romance of the conquest of far-flung prairies and of mountains made to yield their treasure, in the building of giant industries, in the color brought by emigrants from every corner of the Old World, in the irrepressible confidence of youth finding it an easy leap to pluck honor from the pale-faced moon, that we find our thought of America today. And the first-beginnings of this multifarious life we find in the adventure, the romance, the daring accomplishment, the color, and the youth of Elizabethan England. Not in Cotton Mather’s vast learning or Jonathan Edwards’s sermons or in Endicott’s repression of heresy or the evolution of an ideal of religious and civil liberty do we come upon the sources of that which now seems most truly American; but in Shakespeare’s England, and in the England of Drake and Gilbert and Walter Raleigh. To re-create in our imagination that England, to see that the Puritan tradition is but a part of a complex and fascinating whole, that it is from this whole that the America of today has sprung—this is both sound history and sound patriotism. The Raleigh Tercentenary Masque which Professor 16 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean Koch has written will aid in this imaginative re-crea- tion of our past. It gives little pictures of the back- ground of English life from which sprang the whole impulse to create a new English nation across the seas. As we read, or as we look upon the players who revive this old life for us, the mist of the years is lifted and we are translated to the scenes in which Sidney and Raleigh and Drake played their parts upon the world’s great stage, with the crowd of town and country folk eager to show respect to a beloved sovereign and to hear tidings brought from mysteri- ous stretches of ocean; among them, too, the keen observer of all this life who wove so much of its spirit into the great dramas which are our richest heritage. There are some liberties in chronology and fact, yet the picture as a whole has that deeper truth which it is the object of the literature of the imagi- nation to convert into reality. This applies not only to the host of minor characters with which Mr. Koch has peopled his stage, or to the portraits of the great dramatist and his fellows, but in such incidents, for example, as the one in which we see our hero, under the spell of a mighty enchantment, shed his years like a garment and stand forth clad in the beauty and strength of his youth. The symbol is profoundly true in its revelation of Raleigh’s character; in its expression of the power of his personality over the imagination of England, to whom he indeed seemed Foreword 17 ither; in i yelation one whom age could not wither; and in its revela f the national spirit itself. ; For a third of a century Walter Raleigh held near- est his heart the idea of an English nation in America. He put his private fortune into attempts to realize this plan. He saw in it the only way to countervail the sinister power of Spain. When he was at iia * organized colonies or went himself over the trac - wastes of ocean. Like Chaucer’s shipman, he a been shaken in many a tempest. When he was in prison, he wrote of the great idea, in essays, state papers, and stories of travel. His language ae in . the tang of the salt-water, the vision of vast unc vay seas. He sought not merely by argument but by appeal to the imagination of all the English people to inflame them with enthusiasm for this great new world. His field was as boundless as that of Bacon. The one had taken all knowledge to be his province and sought to inspire men to bring nature cae! subjection. The other took the new world an a the seas that laved its shores to be his province, an sought to inspire men to carry the high traditions of England to far-off lands. It was for civilization, not for conquest. In the twelve years of his Been life, he helped to convert the jail into England’s oe university, a university far more nearly related to the destinies of his people than Oxford and Cambridge. Libraries, students and inquirers, high talk of matters 3 Seepoet ea 18 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean charged with human destiny, were found in the Tower where prisoners like Raleigh, Northumberland, and others spent year after year. Of kings such as the blinded despot who ruled England Raleigh left a record in his “History of the World,” written in prison, showing forth a mighty masque of those whom he called “great conquerors, and other troublers of the world,” all of them brought in the end to the contempt and failure that they deserved. In his laboratory he conducted experiments for the advancement of scien- tific knowledge. For twelve years legally dead, his property taken from him, his faithful wife forbidden, after a time, to visit him, this wonderful man never ceased to dream of the Grail which was as much an object of desire to him as to any knight of Arthur’s court. All this Professor Koch has finely and truthfully expressed in his Masque. In the symbol of Orinoco we have a conception not only marked by poetic and dramatic imagination, but one true at the same time to the spirit of allegory so constantly met in Eliza- bethan England and to the facts of Raleigh’s life. The Masque here presented is not merely an example of antiquarian zeal. It is not merely a series of scenes from the life and time of this great ancestor of ours. It is an interpretation of the vision out of which the English nation in America was to come. It would be pleasant, more satisfactory perhaps to our desire for Foreword 19 concreteness and order, if we could look upon Ra- leigh as the actual founder of the city in the New World that today bears his name, could think of him as an actual pioneer, like Bradford or John Smith. But the empire of the spirit of man tran- scends the physical realm of fact. The English na- tion that Raleigh saw in vision in his lonely cell or in the watches of the night when he kept vigil on the little vessel that plowed the vast Atlantic, is greater and far more powerful than it could ever have en- tered his mind to conceive. It is enough for us that he saw the first step that was to be taken in a mighty evolution, saw it when every consideration of worldly prudence bade him deny it, held to it in imprison- ment, in disgrace and poverty, and died for it at last. This fundamental truth is ready for us as we look upon this Masque of the Shepherd of the Ocean. On the one hand the narrow and selfish policy of the king and his ministers; the certainty to all who read the records that no one of his judges and accusers caught the faintest understanding of his vision of England’s destiny; the fear of the untried path and the expedi- ency of narrow politicians. On the other the shining vision, the never-failing courage, the sense of a des- tiny against which king and party, apparently all powerful, yet strive in vain. On earth his reward was prison, poverty, death on the scaffold. Yet that scaffold swayed the future. He was not alone. 20 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean Others had caught the same vision, and with him fired the imaginations of men. From these beginnings, behold how mighty a nation has sprung! And as we look from our city of Raleigh in North America upon this fragmentary interpreta- tion of the beginnings of one of earth’s greatest evo- lutions, we may gain, once more, the truth that out of faithfulness to an ideal against whatever odds, out of willingness to think new thoughts and even to ven- ture, if need be, upon seas yet uncharted, a new victory may be won, provided only that the end of all our striving be the glory of God and the relief of man’s estate. Democracy, born in experiment, is itself a continued experiment. The America of 1920 may have its vision as well as the England of Eliza- beth and James. And we who are the America of today may sit at the feet of the Stuart king or, with Raleigh, press on to new worlds. Epwin GREENLAW. Characters Represented THE PROLOGUE, THE INTERLUDES, AND THE EPILOGUE Tue HERALDS Tue SPIRIT OF YOUTH THE CHORUS OF SHEPHERDS THE FIRST PART: RALEIGH, THE SHEPHERD OF THE OCEAN Episode 1: The Spanish Armada, 1588 Sir WALTER RALEIGH QUEEN ELIZABETH Tue Earu oF Essex Sir Francis DRAKE Henry Howarp, Earl of Northampton WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE EpmMuND SPENSER Joun Waite, Governor of Virginia iss al MANTEO AND WANCHESE, natives from Virginia MAsTER OF CEREMONIES Sir Philip Sidney, Lord Burleigh, Sir Christopher Hatton, Sir John Hawkins, Sir Martin Frobisher, The Usher of the Black Rod, Gentlemen Pensioners, Elizabeth Throg- morton and other Ladies-in-Waiting, Pages, and a Jester. Merchants and tradesmen of London, their wives and sweet- hearts and children; the Host of “The Boar’s Head”; soldiers and mariners of England. Episode II: Raleigh’s Vision of the New W orld, 1596 Sir WALTER RALEIGH THe Ear or Essex WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Tue Lorp Mayor or LONDON SEA-CAPTAINS OF THE Victory oF Capiz: Sir George Carew, Sir Francis Vere, Sir Edward Wingfield, Captain Bagnoll, Captain Medick; soldiers and mariners. (21) 22 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean PorETs AND PLAyMAKERS: Ben Jonson, Francis Beaumont, John Fletcher, Edmund Spenser, Francis Bacon. Tue FestivaL Group: Townspeople and country-folk, in- cluding morris dancers, peddlers, pastry-cooks, fruit venders, a Dragon, a Hobbyhorse, a Bedlam beggar, a gypsy dancer, a puppet-master, an alchemist, a tapster, woodsmen, milkmaids, a chimney-sweep, a juggler, a Puritan, a Jack-in-the-Green, Robin Hood, Will Stukely, Friar Tuck, and Maid Marian. THE SECOND PART: THE MARTYRDOM OF RALEIGH Episode I: The Lure of the Orinoco, 1617 Str WALTER RALEIGH An OLp SERVANT VENEZUELA, Queen of the Carribean THE SPIRIT OF THE ORINOCO, a water-sprite PANTOMIME Ficures: Raleigh, the courtier, and Queen Eliza- beth; Elizabeth Throgmorton; Governor White of Vir- ginia; Manteo and Wanchese; Lady Raleigh and her children; a group of sea-captains of Cadiz. Episode II: Raleigh’s Last Venture, 1617 Sir WALTER RALEIGH WALTER RALEIGH, his oldest son A HERALD Kinc JAMES THE First GrorcE Vituiers, Duke of Buckingham THE Company OF RALEIGH, consisting of sixty gentlemen of rank, sea-captains, soldiers, and mariners. A Group or CourtiErs, in attendance on the King THE SPIRIT OF THE ORINOCO, a water-sprite Episode III: The Sacrifice, October 29, 1618 Sir WALTER RALEIGH THE DEAN OF WESTMINSTER A Spy OF THE GOVERNMENT SEVERAL GENTLEMEN, friends of Raleigh THE BELLMAN THE PROLOGUE THE BIRTHPLACE OF SIR WALTER RALEIGH Hayes Barton, near Budleigh-Salterton, Devon The defeat of the Invincible Armada w i ra in the history of the United States. ck on that made all the rest possible. Without it the atte ie Jamestown and Plymouth could hardly have had m tees cess than the attempt at Roanoke Island. An ro a bie is like an army at the end of a long line of communi rath it perishes if the line is cut. Before England ‘oul $6 fi thriving states in America she must control the ocean r, a The far-sighted Raleigh understood the conditions rik problem. When he smote the Spaniards at Cadiz h i! a it was a blow struck for America. He felt the full é zee cance of the defeat of the Armada, and in spite of ma disappointments in Virginia, he never lost lai tii: Old Virginia and Her Neighbors, Vol. I, p. 39.] The Prologue [The Pageant is announced by three trumpet calls from the HERALDS. } [Enter Tue Corus OF SHEPHERDS, representing the chil- dren of Raleigh. Their kirtles are white, the white of promise. Over these rude sheep skins are worn.] Youth, Youth, Spirit of Youth, The world yearns for thee As the blind yearn to see; Youth, Youth, speak of the Truth. [Tue Spirit or YourH enters in response to the chant of the Cuorus. In his hand he bears a shepherd’s crook. His step is lithe and free. He speaks with radiant tones—the spirit of indomitable life.] Tue Sprrit oF YOUTH Children of Youth, believers in Youth, Lovers of Youth’s heart of flame, Behold from out the Gates of Yesterday There comes the gallant figure of a knight, Whose bravery and fame once stirred the world, Sir Walter Raleigh—knight indeed was he— A knight of high adventure, courage sure; A knight, who, to the end of time, shall be A leader in the hazardous advance Of dauntless Youth, forever blazing trails That lead to spacious lands of higher hope. Old England’s son was he, and proud to boast That England’s air had vivified his dust. He interspersed the sea with channels wide, Through which, as from a mother’s teeming breast, (25) 4 26 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean We gained our nurture straight from English source, Our love of justice, democratic rule. And we, the children of Old England, now, Today, commemorate with English kin The execution of our gallant Raleigh, Who, noble-hearted to his tragic ending, Alone on God’s highway fared bravely forth. We, conscious of the debt which children owe Unto the parent who has suckled them, Join now our hands today across the sea— With English brothers over all the seas— Making this anniversary to serve A two-fold purpose,—praise to Walter Raleigh, And with fair England,—union, brotherhood. THE FIRST PART Tue Cuorus oF SHEPHERDS RALEIGH, THE SHEPHERD OF THE OcEAN Youth, Youth, Spirit of Youth, The world yearns for thee As the blind yearn to see; Youth, Youth, speak of the Truth. Thus on the sand banks that guard the eastern shores of North Carolina the English race laid its first firm grasp on the North American continent. How unconscious were those obscure English sailors that they were enacting one of the greatest scenes in the world’s history! Three hundred years have gone yet even we, after all the tremendous results that have followed in their train, cannot yet fully appreciate the vast significance of that simple ceremony. For then and there, on the North Carolina coast, Englishmen first set foot on American soil with a view to permanent possession, and that event, rather than the defeat of the Invincible Armada, “was the opening event in the history of the United States.” —Connor: The Beginnings of English America, p. 11. QUEEN ELIZABETH From the painting by Zucchero in the National Portrait Gallery The Spanish Armada, 1588 Time: The eve of the “Invincible Armada,” in the summer of 1588. Scene: Harrow Field on the Thames River in the suburbs of London. The front of the Boar’s Head Inn js visible at the left. Preparations have been made for the review of the troops by Queen Elizabeth as a part of the comprehensive war-plan for the de- fense of the realm, made necessary by the threatened invasion of England by the Spanish Armada of Philip II. At the right on a dais, erected for the occa- sion, is a high gilded throne bearing the arms of England. It is appropriately festooned with many- colored flowers. [The scene opens with a happy concourse of representa- tive townsfolk flocking in—merchants and tradesmen of London, with their wives and sweethearts, and a host of trooping children—all in holiday dress. There is also a group of sailor lads, a company of young girls, their arms filled with garlands of field flowers, which they are busily adding to the decorations of the scene, and a ubiquitous JESTER with his madcap quirks. All have been rehearsing the songs and dances, prepared in honor of the good QuEEN Bess for this occasion—the review by THE QUEEN, of the seamen and soldiers of the realm, in the final preparations for the impending grapple with the navy of Spain.] [THe Master OF CEREMONIES mow marshals the people hurriedly to their appointed places for the rehearsal of the song, God Save Britannia’s Queen, which they have prepared especially for this occasion. THE JESTER darts about interrupting the arrangements with his pranks, leaving confusion in his wake.] [29] ish Armada, 1588 31 30 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean The Spanish Arma TOPHER Hatton, accompanied by Sir Joun HAwkKINs, pipctepe hs Secreto Sir Martin FrosisHer, the USHER OF THE Back Ron, ioners. [At the conclusion of the song] And now let us try and several gentlemen pensioners. | ‘ is the dances. [THe Eart or Essex and Sir WALTER RateicH very ceremoniously assist THE QUEEN to the — pages carrying @ silken canopy over her, an £ ot ladies-in-waiting lifting her train. The ge sy in wild enthusiasm. With no little difficulty Taz Mas- TER OF CEREMONIES succeeds in silencing the uproar.] [In a twinkling a wild country dance is in full swing. It is interrupted almost immediately, however, by a salvo of trumpets announcing the arrival of THE QuEEN. The dancers cease instantly, transfixed with expectancy. Then, headed by THE Master or CEREMONIES, they rush off to meet THE QUEEN, and presently return ush- ES ) tigre gE MAsTER OF CEREMONI ering her to the great throne, cheering with unrestrained Tu enthusiasm. Two ladies-in-waiting, four pages, THE [Pompously] To your places, all of you! Make Eart or Essex and Sir Water RALEIGH accompany haste! . QUEEN ELIZABETH. | With your Majesty’s gracious permission [with hr [QUEEN ELIZABETH is in her fifty-fourth year at this time. deep bow] we will sing a song prepared especially for your Highness, and for this momentous time. She is of medium stature, richly dressed, and of com- manding presence. Her face is long, fair in complex- : . ; ton, and, although somewhat wrinkled, the ravages of [QuEEN ELIZABETH, seating herself, passe = Arr time are hidden as well as paint and powder can assent, and the song is sung lustily by all the people. conceal them. Her small eyes are keen but kindly, ; Kt ! her nose slightly hooked, her lips thin. She wears a God save Britannia s Queen! light auburn wig, dyed to simulate the brilliant color God save her Majesty! of her own hair in her youth. Tue Eart or Essex, Bless e’en the earth beneath her feet; QUEEN ELIzABETH’s favorite, is a remarkably handsome Bless this her isle, her royal seat; man, tall of stature, and dignified in bearing.] Let all who hear her name repeat, [Sm Watter Raretcu! is tall and well proportioned, God save her Majesty! with a high forehead, rich, dark hair and beard, a fine face radiant with life.} God save Britannia’s Queen! [There is also Sir Francis Drake, Henry Howarp, Earn | God save her Majesty! kj or NortHAMPTON, the noble and chivalrous Sir Puiu This throned isle, this home of KINgS, SIDNEY, the sage Lorp Burueicu, the gallant Sir Curis- This land where laughter ever rings, : Where every echo loudly sings, 1 Raleigh’s name is spelt in many ways. Stebbing cites seventy- . four forms known to have been current. Raleigh himself, down to God save her Majesty! 1583, generally wrote Rauley; he also wrote Rawleyghe, Rauleigh, Raleghe, and Ralegh. “The spelling Raleigh, which posterity has preferred, happens to be one he is not known to have ever employed.” —Stebbing: Sir Walter Ralegh, pp. 30-31. Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean God save Britannia’s Queen! God save her Majesty! Let every loyal British son, Support the right ’till life is done. “Dieu et mon droit”—the victory won; God save her Majesty! [At the conclusion of the song, QUEEN ELIZABETH smiles with gracious approval. | QUEEN ELIzABETH I thank you, my good people. [Twenty of the townspeople, with their wives, and several of the sailors, advance and perform a country dance. [The dance is interrupted suddenly by a trumpet call. A page rushes in and, dropping upon one knee before THE QUEEN, offers her a letter. She reads it in haste, then rises. [While all are intent upon THE QUEEN’s actions, RA.eIcuH, forgetting his duty, is paying amorous court to one of THE QUEEN’S maids-in-waiting, the beautiful golden-haired EvizABETH THROGMORTON, whom he af- terwards married.” THE QUEEN, noticing this, rebukes RALeEIcH sharply.] QUEEN ELIZABETH [With evident temper] In this hour of England’s peril, mayhap your Queen may claim your service, Master Raleigh. 2 The courtship of Elizabeth Throgmorton by Walter Raleigh is here antedated by several years, but the incident is thoroughly charac- teristic. The Queen’s temper at this time was extremely exacting and uncertain. By this action he brought upon himself the loss of royal favor and imprisonment in the Tower. The Spanish Armada, 1588 33 [RALEIGH starts, hastens to THE QUEEN’s side, and kneel- ing awaits her command.] Your arm, my Lord of Essex. Ra eicu thus rebuked, retires for fear of bringing upon himself further royal wrath, and QUEEN ELIZABETH turns to address the people.] QuEEN ELIZABETH My good people all, I am summoned to a council of grave import, and must away at once. I regret that I must leave your merry-makings. By your leave, my Lord of Essex. [She hurries out with the Ear OF Essex, Lorp HowArp and her attendants, Raueicu following in the rear. [When the surprise over the sudden summons of THE QueEN has ‘subsided, the people turn again to their games, and the morris dancers begin their play.) _ [Sir Francis Drake and the other sea-captams returning, seat themselves at the tables before the Boar's Head tavern and call loudly for ale.] Sir Francis DRAKE The review of troops is delayed by this sudden sum- mons of the Queen to the council. Gallants, let us drink while we await her here. What ho! mine host, ale! ale! [Now enters a group of poets and playmakers—BEN Jon- son, EpMUND SPENSER, FRANCIS BEAUMONT and JoHN FLETCHER, and WiLL SHAKESPEARE, now twenty-four years of age and but three years resident in London. With them is the brilliant young scholar, FRANCIS Bacon. ] 34 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean Sime Francis DRAKE Well met, my hearties, rare old Ben and Master Spenser, and all of you. And how fares our young player, Shakespeare? I hear you are devising now a comedy, quaint and fanciful. Beaumont, Fletcher, and our youthful philosopher, Francis Bacon—you are right welcome here. Sit and drink a round with us. And Master Raleigh has come back to join us, and with him his two rare monsters from Virginia. [RaeIcH has entered with a group of gaudily decorated Indians, decked with elaborate trappings, and cons picu- ous head-dresses, sent him from his colony of Virginia. The red men stand in silent dignity, while the company, especially young SHAKESPEARE, gazes upon them with staring curiosity. | [SHAKESPEARE curiously observes the red men. He is evidently much interested in them. The Indians seat themselves toward the front of the scene and fill their long pipes with tobacco.*} Sik WALTER RALEIGH Mine host, a light for their pipes. [THE Host goes out and returns with a lighted torch which he holds out awkwardly. The Indians then go through the ceremonial of the pipe, one of them picking up a splinter of wood from the ground with which to light the tobacco. Then rising, both Indians perform the ceremony of turning the lighted pipes to the four quarters of the sky, intently watched by all the com- 3 Raleigh caused tobacco (called by the Indians Yppowoc) to be introduced into England from his American colony, about this time. He had a silver pipe, modelled after the Indian stone pipes, in which he was exceedingly fond of smoking the Indian Yppowoc. (=) 4 mn we eo ie] ° 4 < ° is} bi ° nm & =I = ee} o Z la tS I at THR SS FS EX THE DEFEAT OF “The Tapestry Hangings of the House of Lords From EXE Ps ee pirit of the struggle against the been struck off by Shakespeare in d later in King Henry the Fifth. — ex 9 This passage glows with the s Armada, and may conceivably have the heat of patriotic fervor, and use “The defeat of the Invincible Armada was the openin SSNs 6 Pate Interlude [Chanting, Tae Cuorus oF SHEPHERDS enters. Their kirtles are white, as before—for never was promise more fair than the promise of England’s future. | [THE Spirit oF YOUTH now unfurls the splendid banner of Old England, and, planting it in the center of the stage to suggest the triumph of England over the Ar- mada, speaks. | THE Spirit oF YoutrH And yet again, this famous figure flashes As “Hero of Cadiz,” returned with laurels, Greeting the vast array of friendly folk. Again his vision leads them ’cross the sea, To fairer worlds than any they have dreamed, To larger conquests than the galleon-burning That constituted victory at Cadiz. As painter, gifted with a magic palette, He outlines deftly simple plans of state, Then splashes on a myriad mystic tints Until a form of grandeur and of grace Shines there resplendent, free from tyrant-taint, A noble figure—Young America— Her brow aglint with stars, and bearing high The shining torch of freedom for the world! EPISODE II Raleigh's Vision of the New orld, 1596 Time: The summer of 1596, eight years having elapsed since the coming of the Armada. nee Harrow Field on the Thames River in the suburbs of London, as before. A popular celebra- tion of the victory of the English fleet over the Span- iards at Cadiz, on June 20, 1596. The scene repre- sents the full fruition of English national life. [It is a colorful festival of the folk—an ne tapestry of merrymaking, of unrestrained dancing 4 song. ; i (Thess are many interesting figures in this Faas throng—some picturesque, others grotesque, Be harmonious with the occasion. Even the grimy BED- LAM BEGGAR has a legitimate place in the picture.| __ [Here are Peppiars with fine laces and ornaments, vying with Pastry-cooxs and Fruit VENDERS in rider 4 out their tempting wares—muffins, pears, ho a cakes. Here is one fantastically disguised as RAGON. Here is a man made up as THE HopBYHORSE, amusing an admiring group of children with his rie eennelh the trotting, galloping, and curveting paces of There bs A Gypsy in many-colored dress, se a group of admiring swains with her sinuous ry On the opposite side is A atsgeihor nang Vig ing o attention of a crowd of happy rustics to his pore ance about to begin. AN ALCHEMIST, dimly outline in a murky booth lighted with green lights, is holding @ [43] is es 44 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean company of country gulls in awestruck wonder with his marvelous experiments. | [There are many other familiar figures: the jolly Taps- TER with his fat cask of ale and his generous tankards, WoopsMEN carrying their axes, pretty MILKMAIDS ex- hibiting a sleek cow with gilded horns decorated with flowers, A CHIMNEY-SWEEP adorned with holiday rib- bons, A JUGGLER, a sombre Puritan, A Bac-PrPER, A JACK-IN-THE-GREEN, and Rosin Hoop and his merry crew—LitTLE Joun, WiLL STUKELY, Friar Tuck, and the sprightly Mat Marian. | [Now there is a loud salvo of trumpets, a momentary hush, and then vociferous cheering as THE Lorp Mayor OF LONDON enters, mounted on his footcloth horse, ushering in with great ceremony the heroes of Cadiz.] THE CrowbD [Cheering wildly] All hail! The heroes of Cadiz! All hail! [Enter arm in arm, Sir WALTER RAeIcH and THe Earu OF Essex gaily accoutred. RALEIGH is noticeable “for the splendor of his armor and ornaments. The very shoes upon his feet were so lavishly decorated with jewels, that they were said to have cost six thousand pounds. His sword and belt fairly glittered with large gems. Chains of gold fell from his neck on the highly- burnished breastplate. On one arm he wore conspicu- ously a long ribbon, which Tuk QuEEN had coquet- tishly given him as a reward for his devotion.” 1°} [After them Ra.eicu’s cousin, Sir GrorcE Carew, who commanded the Mary Rose; Sir FRANcis VERE, captain of the Rainbow; Sir Epwarp WINGFIELD, CapTaIN Bac- NOLL, CapTain Mepick, and other leaders of the great sea-fight. | 10 Towle’s Raleigh, His Exploits and Voyages, Boston, 1881, p. 169. Raleigh’s Vision of the New World, 1596 45 [After these comes a brilliant concourse of the chief poets and playmakers of the gy Reng one omag now thirty-five years of age; BEN Jonson, char sate MONT, JoHN FLETCHER, EDMUND SPENSER, FRANC Bacon, the rising young advocate, and others. | Tue Lorp Mayor oF LONDON [Ordering the crowd to cease cheering, pompously speaks the address of welcome. ] Most worthy heroes of Cadiz—soldiers, mariners of the wooden walls of Britain—you are exceedingly welcome on this magnanimous occasion. Your ex- ploits have rung throughout the wide realm of merry England, and we are here to do you honor and to a you welcome home. I’ faith, we have spoke of er e else since you did sail some months agone to —_ e giant-ships upon the Spanish Main. viet it please you now to listen to our song of welcome! Tue Ear oF Essex My Lord Mayor, we thank you for your hearty welcome and will gladly hear your song. j L lves at Cadiz and their party seat themse ee asics Lite the inn, smoking long Winchester ] J Seas’ Chantey, tpes. Th le all sing lustily A Deep ; wag i Warren RaxeicH and the soldiers and seamen of England.] A Deep Seas’ CHANTEY O, our good ship, firm and true, Yo was Carries Britain’s finest crew, Yo ho! Though the sea be wild and squally, 46 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean Our captain’s Walter Raleigh, And there’s nothing he can’t do, Yo ho! O, our good ship, Water Sprite, Yo ho! Sees many a gallant fight, Yo ho! When she hears King Philip squeal, She laughs from deck to keel, For with Raleigh she’s all right, Yo ho! O, our guns know how to crack, Yo ho! And they’! take no talkin’ back, Yo ho! Through a million ships or more, Those Spanish men-of-war, We make a blazin’ track, Yo ho! O, our captain, he’s a peer, Yo ho! He makes old Spain look queer, Yo ho! He’s the best sea-dog we know, To hell with him we'd go, Why the devil should we fear, Yo ho! [At the conclusion of the singing THE Mayor resumes, ostentatiously. | THE Lorp Mayor or Lonpon Gentlemen, our festivities are now complete, and we pray you now let us hear from your own lips how the battle went when the proud Spaniard was humbled and great ships sunk. [A buzz of excitement, vociferous applause and loud call- ing from the crowd; the names of RaLeicH and Essex are heard above the tumult. The people crowd more closely in, some seating themselves on the ground, some kneeling, still others standing, intent upon seeing and hearing all.] Raleigh’s Vision of the New World, 1596 47 Tue Ear or Essex [Rising] Gentles, all, and my brave comrades in arms. It seems that my good rival, Sir Walter here, is forever to carry off the laurels—though, by my troth, he has well earned the fame, which is more justly his. For mine own part, the battle plan I did propose to our admiral, Lord Howard, was at the very point of execution stayed by him—by the eloquence of this paladin of the fleet, Sir Walter. He, with cogent reasons well sustained, did so o’erbear Lord Howard and myself that, with one accord, we did yield to him—e’en though my troops already landing to the attack, I must needs recall. A Sea CAPTAIN Aye, aye, and so full of joy were you at Sir Walter’s clever plan that you did throw your fine-plumed hat o’erboard. [Laughter and applause from the crowd.] A SAILOR Aye, and he did give me a sovereign, when I did restore it to his hand. Its finery was sadly wetted by The diamond was still on the plume. the sea water. [More laughter and cheering from the crowd. | THE CROWD Hear! hear! Essex! Essex! 48 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean THE EARL oF Essex To Sir Walter, then, was given the high honor of leading the attack. His flagship, the Water-Sprite, floated in the forefront of the array, followed close by the Mary Rose and the Rainbow, while in the rear pressed hard the intrepid Lyon, the Dreadnaught, and the Nonpareill, the Warspright, the Swiftsure, and the Meer-Honour. Anon, with the first peep of day our English men-of- war approach the Spanish galleons. The culverins *gan spit back death and fire from out their iron lips. Ere long twas my good fortune to fight by Walter’s side. So closely did we press the mighty S¢. Phillip that they were forced to blow her up rather than see her captured. Then did we see the swarthy Spaniards “tumbling into the sea, heaps of souldiers, so thick as if coals had been poured out of a sack in many ports at once; some drowned and some sticking in the mud.” ** And when the fire did come to the doomed galleon, “the spectacle was very lamentable, for many drowned themselves; many, half burnt, leapt into the water; many swimming, with griey- ous wounds, strucken under water, and put out their pain.” There was such tearing of the ordnance, such deafening boom of the explosions, so huge a conflagra- tion, that “if any man had a desire to see Hell itself, it was there most lively figured.” The St. Thomas, too, the Spaniards burnt. But, ’ere they could fire the arrogant St. Andrew, with his own hand did our brave Raleigh that mighty vessel captive take. Then 11 From Raleigh’s A Relation of Cadiz Action, as printed by his grandson, Philip Raleigh, from a copy found among Sir Walter Raleigh’s Papers, 1699. Raleigh’s Vision of the New World, 1596 49 likewise the St. Mathew did he take. And so—for all the formidable array of Spain the proud city of Cadiz fell to us, and the day most happily was ours— ours through our indomitable leader, our gallant Raleigh. THE CrowD [The mariners and sea-captains beat on the tables with their tankards and with the handles of their daggers. All cheer with tumultuous calls.| Sir Walter Raleigh! Sir Walter Raleigh! [RALEIGH rises and, bowing, graciously acknowledges their greetings. | Sm WALTER RALEIGH Lord Essex hath most nobly set forth our victory and most modestly disclaimed the very valiant part which his forces took in the battle by land, to the com- plete undoing of the Spanish hosts. And by my faith, gentlemen, until his men did come into the fight it swung most perilously to and fro. The forces of the land which he commanded were not one whit behind those of us who fought by sea. The proud port of Cadiz lies today utterly confounded. The Spanish tyrant soon shall be swept from the seas, the formida- ble fleets, the invincible armies vanquished all. Tue CrowpD [Cheering wildly] Bravo! Master Walter! Bravo! Hear! Hear! 50 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean Sir WALTER RALEICH And who, let me ask you, gentlemen and yeomen of England, my brave lads all, who say you shall take the place of Spain, and sail the seas, and bring safe home the treasure ships laden with the red gold of El Dorado, the vast deposits of Spanish silver from the mines of Peru and Mexico; the stores of precious stones, the wealth of Indian spices, dyes and countless valued cargoes strange and rare—who but bonnie England shall now inherit these? List, while I do narrate the wondrous things I did with mine own eyes behold in far Guiana, in the valley of the Orinoco; and my good captains here and the mariners all shall vouch for the accuracy of my tale. THE SeA-CapPTaIns AND MARINERS Aye, aye, sir, that we will. TE Crowp [Vociferously] Hear! Hear! Tell us all! Sir WALTER RALEIcu A land it is of abundant fruitfulness and of marvel- ous beauty. “On the banks of the rivers were divers sorts of fruits We saw birds of all colours, some carnation, some crimson, orange-tawny, purple, watchet (pale blue), and of all other sorts, both simple and mixed, and it was unto us a great good-passing of the time to behold them. “When we were come to the tops of the first hills of the plains adjoining to the river, we beheld that won- Raleigh’s Vision of the New World, 1596 51 derful breach of waters which ran down Caroli; and might from that mountain see the prego it = in three parts, above twenty miles off, anc igen’ peared some ten or twelve overfalls in sight, every one as high over the other as a church tower a3 I never saw a more beautiful country, nor more tt . prospects; hills so raised here and svt ~a valleys; the river winding into divers oy 2 Bear plains adjoining without bush or stubble, a ae ee grass; the deer crossing in every path; birds towards the evening singing on every tree a thousand several tunes; cranes and herons of wh 2 crimson, and carnation, perching in the apna side; the air fresh with a gentle easterly wind ; an ar stone that we stopped to take up promised either go or silver by his complexion. THE CrowD [All give vent to long drawn. sighs and stand oe ae mouths, listening intently. They are transfiices Ap amazement and admiration, too much so to ried rf comment, SHAKESPEARE is apparently Sry pe cee walks apart a little, in deep contemplation wt AL reife wondrous tale, and noticeably pricks up his ea RALEIGH continues to recite his adventures. | Sm WALTER RALEIGH Strange human races do inhabit there, | ‘called Ewaipanoma, reported to have their eyes in erent shoulders, and their mouths in the middle of their 12 From Raleigh’s own narrative, The Discovery of ~ LO’ and beautiful Empire of Guiana; with a Relation of = ta “~ golden City of Manoa, which the Spaniards call El Dorado, first p lished in 1596. 52 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean breasts, and that a long train of hair groweth back- ward between their shoulders.” 1” SHAKESPEARE [Now, too much wrought up longer to contain his thoughts, speaks out.| What magic do these words contain! They sing within me with sweet siren tones, of wanton Cannibals that each other eat, The Anthropophagi, and men whose heads Do grow beneath their shoulders." Sirk WALTER RALEIGH Thus ever does our Will translate strange matters into rarest plays of fantasy. By my faith, my com- rades all, is’t not a marvelous country truly and one well worthy of the poet’s dreams? But, gentles all, consider well the full meaning of this our celebration of Cadiz, the full promise of this our victory on the seas—in that far western world— to us of Anglo-Saxon blood. The Empire of Spain in that America is reeling to its ruin. Shall we not rear in its stead a fairer state, one not stained with helpless blood, nor cursed with crimes of direst cruelty? There shall we raise, instead, in fair Amer- ica, beyond the western verge, a greater State than any ever forged by Spanish bonds—a league of many peoples united all in English friendliness, of peoples come from many lands but speaking all one speech— our goodly mother tongue, and of one common heart ~~ 18 Othello, I, 3. Raleigh’s Vision of the New World, 1596 53 of comradeship. I see on the far verge of that New Day a fairer El Dorado than ever Spaniard dreamed, a sunbright nation of immortal youth in fair America! SHAKESPEARE [Rising up, exclaims] I'll set it down—your vi- sion—in a play—in verse immortal. O, wonder! How many goodly creatures are there here! How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world That has such people in’t! “ Simm WALTER RALEIGH °Tis nobly said, good Master Will, and worthy of my vision of this brave new world and the old there joining hands to right the old world wrongs, to lift up manhood, truth, justice, mercy—in larger, freer, brotherhood. : Pasquenoke - di fe ‘ : re ear niga “er i < ii Ng SHAKESPEARE How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world That has such people in’t! THE PEOPLE [In their enthusiasm all join in SHAKESPEARE’s happy phrasing of RALEIGH’S vision. ] O brave new world! [In the distance is heard a chorus of voices singing, God Save Britannia’s Queen, as in the opening scene, and the people follow after RaLeicH and his company, tak- ing up the song as they go.| § up cna &§ Ose 2 A PE ae pre tiaee aM From DeBry’s Engraving of John White’s Painting (=) 4 be | MQ _ & td ° A Z _ Coal a) ==) fe] ° =) fas) a pain, now becomes the victim of Stuart the kirtles in color, both typifying the menace to Eng ig I mmured in gloomy dungeon cell, foregoing land of the cloud ‘of Stuart tyranny which looms on = pews ate ——— empire and his desperate the horizon, and threatens to sweep away the fruitage sce ae; the Spanish tyrant. Then comes the of the centuries.] vision of the rinoco, once more luring him to the tue Seaaee on Souen ses diltowed tee call of the Mee Wee tater ; setae are bus, Ponce De Leon De N na beg amcor nd now, as oft, in peacell’ * f th s avarez, De Soto, Pizarro— Comes a quick stir, then onrush of the storm With blinding flash, and beat of ¢ —=—S he is led to ruin, heart-break, and at last to death, i h ing into eart Breaking, twisting, stamp! ; The hardly-nurtured crops so rich in promise, So on that lustrous noon of England’s life Came sudden crash and deluge of a storm— The rough and ruthless Stuart tyranny. Immured now in sunless prison cell Is brave Sir Walter, England’s finest lance In valiant joust against the lists of Spain. His vision of an Empire, righteous, free, Doth waver, dimmed by persecution cruel. noble, though in a prison cell. j=] 2 ies < o Reg ass NZ = 2 SB me & a & 4S EY iy ie] anal ce mtn 2 attics ix aT iis, ible amamanias A CELL IN THE BLOODY TOWER WHERE RALEIGH WAS CONFINED FOR THIRTEEN YEARS From a drawing by J. Wykeham Archer, 1851 EPISODE I The Lure of the @rinoco, 1617 Time: Early in April, 1617. Scene: A pleasant garden adjoining the Tower of London, in which Raleigh had been confined for twelve years by King James I under the false accusa- tion of high treason, charged with having instigated a plot against the King. Raleigh was given the free- dom of this garden through the thoughtful kindness of the lieutenant of the Tower, Sir George Harvey. Here he passed many hours in studying botany and in making experiments in chemistry, pursuits of which he was very fond. Here he was engaged for a number of years in writing his History of the World and various political essays. [RALEIGH is now past sixty years of age, his hair and beard are grizzled, his stalwart figure somewhat bent, his face pale and considerably wrinkled with care and sorrow. He enters reading a quarto volume, which is no other than a copy of SHAKESPEARE’S play, The Tem- pest. He seats himself by a rustic table and continues reading. | Sm Water RALEIGH He did not fail in his promise, Master Shakespeare. Here it is—his latest play, The Tempest. How preg- nant are his words even yet—the lines of Miranda on the enchanted island when first she views the ship- wrecked mariners—shipwrecked, alas! like me, im- prisoned here. (61) 62 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean “O, wonder! How many goodly creatures are there here! How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world That has such people in’t.” So Shakespeare has immortalized in rarest verse my venture in the brave new world, in the enchanted land of Venezuela, in the valley, Orinoco. [A faithful Ovp SERVANT enters humming a plaintive ditty. Looking up from his reading, RALEIGH inquires. | Sir WALTER RALEIGH My good fellow, from whence comes that ancient melody you sing? Tue OLp SERVANT It do be one that my old grandam used to sing as she span by the sea-coal fire in Devon, when I was but a wanton boy. [Tue Oxp Servant goes out, droning his song, and Ra eicu falls asleep over his book.] [Now in a soft golden light in the background of the scene appear to him dream-pictures from his past life, in pantomime, while music plays. | 1. RaeicH, the courtier, spreading his cloak be- fore QUEEN ELIZABETH. 2. RALEIGH wooing the golden-haired ELizaBEeTH THROGMORTON, and the haughty QUEEN dismiss- ing him in wrath. 14 The Tempest, V, 1. The Lure of the Orinoco, 1617 . Raxeicn, the colonizer, and GOVERNOR WHITE of Virginia, with ManTEo and WANCHESE, the Indians. _ Raxeicn with his wife and children in his spa- cious manor-house of Sherborne. . Raercu in Guiana showing the Indians a por- trait of QUEEN ELIZABETH. _ RALEICH, victorious, surrounded with his gal- lant comrades-in-arms after the capture of Cadiz. _ RazercH in the Tower, seated at a table, a few books by him, writing his History of the World. [Then the music swells into a languorous, oriental strain, suggesting the lure of the Orinoco, of fabled El Dorado, and the golden city of Manoa. There appears a dream figure, at first dimly, then brilliantly shining in the golden light, the splendid Queen of the Carribean, VENEZUELA,)5 attended by THE SPIRIT OF THE ORINOCO, a dancing water-sprite.| [ VENEZUELA, seated on a richly gilded throne, listlessly waves a fan of peacock plumes. She is a luxuriant brunette of tropic beauty, with lustrous ebon eyes, of dull copper skin heightened by vermillion pigment glowing in her cheeks. She is gorgeously attired in cloth-of-gold, glittering with many-colored jewels, and is crowned with a tiara of rare plumage from the flame- red flamingo. | [Attending her is the laughing water-sprite, ORINOCO, dressed in shimmering silver and sparkling with myriad gems, suggesting the lure of the shining river of Raleigh’s dreams. ORiNOCO is crowned with rich blos- soms and dances with festoons and flying sprays of the same. She wears a plume of brilliant emerald, and a “15 So named by Ojeda, the Spanish navigator, and meaning “Little Venice,” because of the native houses the explorer built on piles - along the shore of Lake Maracaibo. 64 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean girdle of pale yellow, symbolic of the spell of tropic forests and of the golden treasure-city of his quest. She dances blithely now before RaueicH, the charm of her person and the witchery of her movements suggest- ing the maze of windings in which the explorer is lured and finally lost.| THE SPIRIT OF THE ORINOCO [Singing softly.] Come, Orinoco calls, calls you again! Come to Orinoco, land of the yellow gold! The soft winds singing, the odorous breezes laden, The myriad sweet bird-voices, the river sweeping to the sea, All invite you back again, to come again. From the land of harsh-cold winter, from cruel pris- oning walls, Orinoco calls again; to the mellow golden sun-land Come, my mariner sea-buffeted, ’tis Orinoco calls. Come, find in balmy sun-lands, fresh life, perennial Youth! [Now Raeicu has risen to his feet, captivated by the flashing beauty and the siren song of THE SPIRIT OF Orinoco. His sombre cloak falls from his shoulders and vanishes, revealing him in shining crimson, in fresh attire of silk and velvet. His bent shoulders straighten and he is again the stalwart, lusty adventurer of the former years. | [As the dream-figure fades, with a new light transfiguring his face, RALEIGH stands forth once more fully erect, and cries out exultingly.] Sm WALTER RALEIGH The Western Land calls me and I go again! The The Lure of the Orinoco, 1617 65 King’s will I’ll bend to mine, by the fair words of his latest favorite, of his sweet Lord Villiers. These prison walls I’ll burst asunder. Once more Ill sail the seas as “Shepherd of the Ocean,” once more to- ward Orinoco set my course, toward lands of setting sun—to fair and goodly western world—to New America! Interlude [With ponderous step THE CHORUS OF SHEPHERDS enters, now in dead-black kirtles, their heads bent with grief. The music falls into a dull minor; its rhythm becomes heavy and slow. | [THe Spirit or YOUTH enters, also black-robed. His countenance is shadowed, his step less free. His torch burns now with but a feeble light—uncertain, waver- ing, as though the flame of Liberty were about to flicker and die.| THE SPIRIT OF YOUTH But now at length, the ruthless bars are loosed, And, burning with the new-awakened dream Of spoils and conquest on the Spanish Main, Raleigh comes forth to follow the mirage That leads him to destruction, dire and vast. Undone by fatal lure of Orinoco, His cherished son the prey of Spanish hate, Returns the martyr, stripped of every hope. Yet as he waits, within the dungeon dark, The carrion hour of Death that hovers near, His noble heart recks not of all his woes, But, soaring up beyond the sky-lark’s heaven, Doth find its rest in God’s own dwelling place. EPISODE II Raleigh's Last Venture, 1617 Time: An April day in 1617. Scene: An open place in the environs of London, adjoining the Thames; a dais and temporary throne has been erected for King James at the right. Prepa- rations have been made for the sailing of Raleigh’s fleet, consisting of a new flag-ship, The Destiny, eleven other good-sized vessels, two fly-boats, and a caravel. [Enter Sir WALTER RALEIGH and his company, consisting of sixty gentlemen of rank, sea-captains, soldiers and mariners, two hundred volunteers in all. RALEIGH is now sixty-four years of age. After twelve years’ im- prisonment in the Tower the figure of the sturdy cavalier appears somewhat stooped, his hair and beard grizzled, his face pale and care-worn, his features grave and sad- dened, but his heroic spirit is still unshaken and the old ambition still lights his eye. His eldest son, WALTER, is now a spirited and valiant youth of twenty-three. | Sm WALTER RALEIGH The King comes anon to see me embark for the Orinoco country; Villiers has proved a good advocate and his anti-Spanish policy has prevailed so far as to permit of our adventure. ’Tis true he was somewhat importunate with the King in demanding title, as sole lord and proprietor, to all the land I may discover. (67) 68 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean A GENTLEMAN And did the King grant his request? Sm Water RALEIGH Verily, he can refuse him nothing—saving the half of hiskingdom. Yet it has fallen out exceeding well, Villiers is all for Holland against the Spaniard. We may perchance see Armada days again. A HERALD [Enters, announcing] Gentlemen, the King. [Kinc James I. enters, leaning on the arm of LorD Grorce Vituers, his favorite, and followed by his entire retinue of courtiers and attendants. “No sov- ereign could have jarred against the conception of an English ruler, which had grown up under Plantagenet or Tudor, more utterly than James the First. His big head, his slobbering tongue, his quilted clothes, his rickety legs, stood out in as grotesque a contrast with all that men recalled of Henry or Elizabeth as his gabble and rhodomontade, his want of personal dignity, his buffoonery, his coarseness of speech, his pedantry, his contemptible cowardice.” *°] [“Grorce VILLIERS, DuKE oF BuckincHAM, his favorite, indeed had no considerable abilities, but his self-confi- dence and recklessness were equal to his beauty; and the haughty young favorite, on whose neck James loved to loll, and whose cheek he slobbered with kisses, was destined to drag down in his fatal career the throne of the Stuarts.” 17] 16 Green’s ‘Short History of the English People. N. Y,, 1894, p. 477. 17 Ibid., p. 488. Raleigh’s Last Venture, 1617 69 [Tue Kine pays no attention to RALEIGH’s presence, but converses some time with VILLIERS in an undertone. ] Simm WALTER RALEIGH [Advancing to the throne and dropping on one knee.) Your Majesty is most gracious in honoring my poor ship company here by his royal presence. We betake ourselves right merrily to our task when once we are assured that we have obtained the royal favor. Kine JAMES [Ill-naturedly| Beshrew me, you discourse but rawly of my favor. [Laughter from the courtiers. ] It is ne’er bestowed except on merit of such surpass- ing excellence as leaves no question. My faithful Villiers, here, is one in a thousand, and I have picked him out of ten thousand churlish fellows who could not be persuaded to address a King as becomes his divine power and mission on this earth. [THE Kine continues his conversation with VILLIERS in an aside; he appears to be in an ill-temper and exceed- ingly unwilling even yet to let RaLeicH go, but he is overpersuaded by VILLIERS, who presses THE KING hard for the favor.] Srr WALTER RALEIGH [ Rising, impatient to be gone, and fearful that permission may, after all, be withheld. | Your Majesty, you have graciously permitted me and mine eldest son to go with this brave company to explore once more the golden country of the Orinoco. We have, in truth— 70 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean Kine JAMES [Sharply interrupting him] Sirrah! not so fast, by my sooth. You presume too much on my royal pa- tience. It is true that by the earnest intercession of my Lord Villiers, here, I have in a certain sort granted you the leave he did ask of me. What you gave him for his intercession I care not, nor do I reck with what golden promises you stuffed his ears ’gainst the well- proved charge that but lately did blazon forth your shame to all true Englishmen. VILLIERS [ Protestingly] My lord! my lord! Kinc JAMES Ha! ha! my Villiers, do’st feel the prick of my tongue? “Tis meant to lower the crest of yonder springle there, pranking in his newly-furbished finery. He makes a brave show, truly, but I doubt not it was paid for out of his already ruined estate which, like a desperate gambler, he doth risk at a single hazard. Right well he knoweth that he still lies under sentence of death for treason. [To Raleigh] Come closer, my fine gentleman, erst- while pirate and Spanish hater; let me give you a word for your private ear. [RALEIGH advances and bows on one knee.| It would better become you, my proud sir, were you on both knees; but it will pass, it will pass. [Jronically.] 1 doubt not your profoundest loyalty and devotion for your sovereign; your prison sentence has doubtless taught you that much wisdom, Raleigh’s Last Venture, 1617 71 and your son, too. Look ye, Master Raleigh, see him better taught than his father, that he may grow up a dutiful subject and a good Christian—e’en like my Lord Villiers here. Smr WALTER RALEIGH Your Majesty’s commands shall be duly heeded. I pray you, now, since the wind and tide are most favor- able, that you will give us your royal leave to be gone upon our journey. Kine JAMES [Venting his ill-humor without restraint.} You are an ungrateful, low-born cur that dost continually bark at the heels of the gentlemen of this realm. Begone with you and all your pestilent crew. Be- ware of trenching upon the realms and prerogatives of my good brother, the King of Spain! Lorp VILLIERS [Pompously] A done to diminish t estate you have promised to find for me in the new world. There must be gold enough, come back with you, to nigh sink a treasure fleet of Spain. Look to it, Sir Walter, look to it!** 18 Villiers here refers to the state subsidy in support of the fleet which he had wrung from the unwilling King, and which Raleigh had assured him would be repaid out of the spoils of the venture. 72 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean Smr WALTER RALEIGH [Who has risen while ViLLieRs was speaking, and now replies with dignity and firmness. My lord, you have laid upon us a heavy charge which may well prove too much for our strength. I will bear your commands constantly in mind, and as far as in me lies I will carry them out to the very letter. Kinc JAMES Beshrew me, Villiers, he doth already begin to blanch at it. I warrant you he, and his whole com- pany, will turn tail and run at the sight of the first Spanish argosy. We shall have them back, anon, within the fortnight, begging for safer service under our royal banner. [The courtiers all laugh.| [The company of Sir WauTER has borne the humiliating taunts thus far with patience, but with this aspersion on their courage angry murmurs rise from the groups of gentlemen and menacing, low-voiced oaths are heard here and there among the seamen. | Kine JAMES [Half starting from his throne.| What's this? Treason, my Villiers? Shall we not call in the guard and send these crack-brained fellows to the Tower? Smr WALTER RALEIGH [Coming forward and attempting to push VILLIERS aside.| Your Majesty, my Lord Villiers, you have Raleigh’s Last Venture, 1617 73 mistaken, there are no traitors here. The angry mur- murs you did hear, the grim sailor oaths, but *gainst the Spanish uttered. The best leashed pack, my lord, must give tongue when the stag’s in sight. Believe me, there are not more loyal subjects in all England than my brave shipmates here. Kinc JAMES [Still pale and discomposed.] It may be so, in very sooth, as you say. Villiers, we have business elsewhere that demands our immediate presence. Let us away. Farewell, Sir Walter, and good gentles all. [He goes out leaning on his favorite’s arm and is followed by his retinue. ] Sm WALTER RALEIGH A narrow escape, truly. Had my invention failed me in this pinch, we had all ended our venture in the Tower. A Surp-CaprTain Aye, aye, you did rarely speak for us. We cannot stomach such currish fawning as some delight in, and if I wot there was such a lick-spittle fellow among us I’d pitch him o’erboard ere he should sail in honest company. [They converse in dumb show and move slowly out after Raeicu, while THE SPIRIT OF THE ORINOCO, reappear- ing to RALEIGH, points the way. Now she appears transformed into a figure of sinister beauty, the yellow- 10 74 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean golden girdle now a green serpent—symbolic of the fatal nature of her charms.]| [RALEIGH hesitates, and wavers perceptibly, before fol- lowing after her, realizing the grave dangers of his venture—perhaps moved by a foreboding of the unfor- tunate outcome of his quest. | [But presently he yields, banishing from his mind the impending fears, and follows after her as she dances in a pale green glow of light to a weird strain of music, to lead him to his fate.] Interlude THE SPIRIT OF YOUTH What is our life? The play of passion. Our mirth? The music of division: Our mothers’ wombs the tiring-houses be, Where we are dressed for life’s short comedy. The earth the stage; Heaven the spectator is, Who sits and views whosoe’er doth act amiss. The graves which hide us from the scorching sun Are like drawn curtains when the play is done. Thus playing post we to our latest rest, And then we die in earnest, not in jest. St W. R. EPISODE III The Harvifice, 1618 Tre: Near midnight, October 28, 1618, the night preceding the execution of Sir Walter Raleigh. Scene: The garden adjoining the prison of Ra- leigh, as in Episode I. [RALEIcH enters, pale and haggard, looks up to the night sky, then slowly seats himself at the table where he has been writing. Some distant revelers are heard singing in chorus God Save Britannia’s Queen. RAueicH sighs.] Sir WALTER RALEIGH The spacious days of Queen Elizabeth! Virginia! Virginia! [A rough sailor chantey is heard, faintly, in another direction, the Deep-Seas’ Chantey, recalling to him the victory of Cadiz.| The brave days of Cadiz! [He takes up the manuscript. | Sir WALTER RALEIGH Thus do I end my letter to my fair wife: ee . . You shall receave, deare wief, my last words in these my last lynes. My love I send you, that you may keepe it when I am dead; and my councell, that you may remember it when I am noe more. I would not, with my last Will, present you with sorrowes, [77] 78 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean deare Besse. Lett them go to the grave with me, and be buried in the dust. And seeing it is not the will of God that ever I shall see you in this lief, beare my destruccion gentlie and with a hart like yourself. “I cannot wright much. God knows howe hardlie I stole this tyme, when all sleep; and it is tyme to separate my thoughts from the world. Begg my dead body, which living was denyed you; and either lay itt att Sherborne if the land continue, or in Exiter church by my father and mother. I can wright noe more. Tyme and Death call me awaye. “The everlasting, infinite powerfull, and inscruta- ble God, that Almightie God that is goodness itself, mercy itself, the true lief and light, keep you and yours, and have mercy on me, and teach me to forgeve my persecutors and false accusers; and send us to meete in His glorious kingdome. My true wief, fare- well. Blesse my poore boye; pray forme. My true God hold you both in His armes. “Written with the dyeing hand of sometyme thy husband, but now (alasse!) overthrowne. “Your’s that was; but nowe not my owne, “W. Ratecu.” ?° [Enter Tut DEAN oF WEsTMINSTER, also A Spy of the government, who remains in the background throughout this scene.] Sr WALTER RALEIGH [To the DEAN oF WEsTMINSTER.] Good friend, 19 From his letter to Lady Raleigh, written from Winchester, De- cember, 1603, on the eve of his expected execution. Printed from a contemporaneous transcript, Domestic Correspondence; James I., vol. XCVI, paragraph 71 (Rolls House). The Sacrifice, 1618 79 you have come to give me the spiritual consolation of the final sacrament. I can partake of it in all inno- cency of heart as becometh a true Christian, and not a traitor as I am charged. [Sm Watrer RaxeicH then partakes of the last 778 ment. Then enter SEVERAL GENTLEMEN, friends of Ra- LEIGH. | Srr WALTER RALEIGH Good friends, you are welcome. My time is short, yet I would not have one of you leave me in doubt as to my innocency of the heavy charges laid against 2% upon which my judges did base my sentence of death. At the trial I was given no opportunity to face my accusers; indeed, my death was determined from the first. The charges made against me are so manifestly false that they could not in a single point bear “yr scrutiny of a fair trial. In my letter to the King have set forth clearly my answers to all the charges wrongfully alleged against me. “Tt is no time for me to flatter or to fear princes, I, who am subject only unto death; and for me, who have now to do with God alone, to tell a lie to get the favour of the King : oe a were in vain.” 7° THE DEAN oF WESTMINSTER We are convinced, sir, that you do lie under a wrongful accusation. [THe GENTLEMEN present assent lo this.] 20 From Raleigh’s dying speech on the scaffold as printed in The Life of Sir Walter Raleigh, by William Oldys, 1736. 80 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean A GENTLEMAN This trial hath injured and degraded the justice of England.”* Smirk WALTER RALEIGH My friends, I thank you for this last testimony of your honorable esteem. “And now I entreat, that you all will join with me in prayer to that great God of Heaven whom I have grievously offended, being a man full of all vanity, who has lived a sinful life that His almighty goodness will forgive me; that He will cast away my sins from me; and that He will receive me into everlasting life; so I take my leave of you all, making my peace with God.” *° [RALEIGH seats himself and bows his head as if in prayer. | [The bell tolls the execution hour. He rises.] “O eloquent, just, and mighty Death! whom none could advise, thou hast persuaded; what none hath dared, thou hast done; and whom all the world hath flattered, thou only has cast out of the world and des- pised; thou hast drawn together all the far-stretched greatness, all the pride, cruelty, and ambition of man, and covered it all over with these two narrow words, Hic Jacet!’’ *° [THE BELLMAN enters with a lantern.] 21A statement credited to one of the judges who took part in Raleigh’s trial in 1603. 22 From The History of the World, written in the Tower, and pub- lished in 1614. THE LANDING PLACE OF THE FIRST E THE SITE OF FORT RALEIGH O 4 THE CHorus oF SHEPHERDS Children of Youth, believers in Youth, Lovers of Youth’s heart of flame, Prepare ye your hearts for Youth’s wisdom, For Youth is the teacher of men, Tue Spirit or Youru Now hark ye to the vision of fair Youth! The day will come when mankind’s highest pride Shall be no longer in the vast array And panoply of war, but, rectified, Shall find delight in all those happy arts That make the earth a temple unto Peace, The Epilogue of the free-born sons of men. fee de all shall we find yong co ud Unto that broader country w ai net Doth shine for all—not sun for but a few, yee dismal light for gens! ae: But Light for all, and Life for all, iness secure, “yee re safe o’er all the earth, While mankind shall endure. Tue CHorus OF SHEPHERDS Children of Youth, believers in Youth, ¥ f flame, f Youth’s heart o ae ablentige your hearts for Youth’s wisdom, For Youth is the teacher of men. e is spoken and THE SPIRIT OF YouTH u Pp has d id with the @ i SHE : | e 1 cecom aning CHORL S OF , PHERDS T d in the distance a chor us of seca us h 7 td pe ted, t b : ; eard s ing God Save Britannia = Queen, as in the spacious da $s of good QuEEN Bess. | he the opposite side, swelling chorus singing the two hymns being sung ° of both nations appear unite [After The Epilog to the same music, comes a Hail America! the stanzas of lternately, while the banners d in a Field of Light!) Hart, America! All hail, America, il, my America! ication ‘of sunbright birth, Glory of peoples ’round the rr Liberty-land o’er all the earth! All hail America! 90 Raleigh, the Shepherd of the Ocean Wake, my America, Wake, all America! People of mountain, people of plain, Singing together in Freedom’s refrain, Singing the chorus again and again, All hail America! Rise, my America, Rise, all America! Sing we the People our Liberty-song, Marching, marching, marching along, Marching and singing our Liberty-song, All hail America! Sing, my America, Sing, all America! Song of the trail of the pioneer toil, Earth-song, sun-song, song of the soil, Song of our sun-born native soil, All hail America! [During the singing Sir Watrer RALeIcH returns. He stands for a moment silent, in the Field of Light. His mission has been accomplished. His vision of the New World has been fulfilled!) WR iy? APPENDIX The Directors of the Pageant AUTHOR Frepertck H. Kocu DRAMATIC DIRECTOR EuizasetH B, GRIMBALL DIRECTOR OF THE CHORUS S. DincLeY BrowN DIRECTOR OF THE CHILDREN’S CHORUS Ciara VOYLE DIRECTOR OF THE ORCHESTRA Arruur Frimore CAIN DIRECTORS OF DANCING Grace Houcuen and J. RicHarp CROZIER F COSTUMES AND PROPERTIES ExizasetH L. GRIMES DIRECTOR O DIRECTOR OF LIGHTING Parker H. Daccett DIRECTOR OF SETTINGS Frank B. Srumpson DIRECTOR OF STAGE CONSTRUCTION Wuu1aM L. BEASLEY The Committees of the Pageant THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Mr. W. L. Beastey, Chairman (Rotary Club) Mr. A. T. Bower, Secretary (American Legion) Mr. C. T. McCiLenacuan, Treasurer (Shriners’ Club) Mrs. J. Bryan Grimes (Woman’s Club) Dr. W. C. Horton (Chamber of Commerce) Dr. J. Ricuarp Crozier (Kiwanis Club) Miss Eten DurHam (Daughters of the American Revolution) Mr. R. D. W. Connor and Dr. Georce J. RamMsEY (North Carolina Literary and Historical Association) THE PRODUCTION COMMITTEE Mrs. J. Bryan Grimes, Chairman Mrs. WiLpur BuNN Mrs. Frank CASTLEBURY Dr. W. C. Horton THE PUBLICITY COMMITTEE Dr. W. C. Horton, Chairman Miss Newt Barrie Lewis and Miss Susan Pranps IDEN (Representing the Press) THE FINANCE COMMITTEE Mr. C. T. McCLanacHan, Chairman Mrs. B. H. Grirrin THE BOOK COMMITTEE Mr. R. D. W. Connor, Chairman Dr. Georce J. RAMSEY The Principal Players of the Pageant Tue Spirit oF YourH ..... . =... ~« + Grace Houchen Tue CHorus oF SHEPHERDS Martha Adams, Edith Gill, Laura Jones Louise Brockman, Alice Hedrick, Janie Trent, Mildred Adams, Ruth Teachey. Sm WALTER RALEICH . QueEEN ELizaBETH . Tue Earu or Essex Sir Francis DRAKE Henry Howarp, Earl of Northampton WrtuiAM SHAKESPEARE EpmuND SPENSER Joun Wuire, Governor of Virginia . MANTEO and WANCHESE, natives of Virginia Tue Master OF CEREMONIES . THE JESTER Ben Jonson . Francis Bacon . ELizABETH —ZTHROGMORTON Tue INN-KEEPER Tue Lorp Mayor or Lonpon Rosin Hoop . Mai Marian VENEZUELA, Queen of the Carribean . THE SPIRIT OF THE ORINOCO, a water-sprite . Kine JAMEs THE First Georce Vituiers, Duke of Buckingham . Tue Dean oF WESTMINSTER } Part I, Walter Simpson Part II, Dr. W. C. Horton Muriel Victor Castlebury Hardy Murfree Ray Arthur B. Corey Clarence Powell Louis C. Holmes A, J. Fletcher . F. M. Regester § J. R. Thrower 1 R. L. McMillan Robert Noble Ellen Durham . Alfred Sears . Frank Simpson Louise Baker W. G. Briggs Robert Noble . Charles B. Garrett Louise Hall Elizabeth Walker . Elizabeth Hughes Leland S. Harris Barber Towler A, J. Fletcher Tue Berman ...... .. . The Reverend C. A. Ashby Governor and Mrs. T. W. Bickett will appear in the Court of Queen Elizabeth