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BEARING ARMS
IN THE
Twenty-Seventh Massachusetts negimen
OF
VOLUNTEER INFANTRY
“DURING THE CIVIL WAR.
1ISG1-1365.
By W. P. DERBY.
7
BOSTON :
WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING COMPANY,
18 Post OFFICE SQUARE.
1883.
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PREFACH.
WHILE our chief purpose has been to write a history of
the TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT, yet, to
give the work more general interest, we have thought best
a to include an account of co-operative movements, and the
*YRIGHT, 1883, By W. P. DERBY
ees varied fortunes of the places which it was the lot of the
regiment to capture or garrison. We gladly acknowledge
our indebtedness to Congressman GEORGE D. Ropinson for
such official documents as were needed, as well as for a full
set of thirty-two volumes of the ‘* United States Roll of
Honor,” by which much of the fullness and value of our roster
became possible; to C. M. LEE of Springfield for a scrap-
book of newspaper notices of the regiment during the war ;
to EK. T. Wirnersy, Esq. (formerly a member of the
Twenty-Fifth Massachusetts) of Selma, Ala., for information
through Southern sources ; to Capt. E. L. Prox for personal
memoranda covering the entire term of the regiment; and
no less to Surgeon D. bL. N. Fisn for the list of casualties,
and to him, with Dr. GrorGE E. FuLuer of Monson, for
our valuable medical record. We have also to acknowledge
the favor of hosts of correspondents and friends.
PREFACE.
The work has received, in advance of publication, the
criticism of many prominent officers and men of our regi-
ment; and, while it is not claimed to be perfect, it is hoped
it may escape exacting criticism.
As the History is issued under the authority of the regi-
ment, by their unanimous consent, it is heartily dedicated to
THE Homes or WESTERN MassacHUsETTts by
THE AUTHOR.
Major Gen’! Ambrose E. Burnside, . ' FRONTISPIECE.
Major Gen’! John G. Foster, ; Opposite page 29
Brevet Brig. Gen’! Horace C. Lee, ‘ ‘ iT “ 6
Map Dep’t of North Carolina, . ; : . 6
Map Bermuda Hundreds and vicinity, ‘ ; ; ‘ “s
Chart of New Berne and its fortifications,
Chart of Washington, N. C., and its fortifications, .
Chart of Battlefield of Drewry’s Bluff,
Chart of Gum Swamp and vicinity,
OMS te at RE DE eB -9 O S
i alta, .
sient . heteeiataheeaieliieibictashinet a asimal nite kaa at CI AES a eM te a BNE SRST a RN i A i i genes pe a aan rnd Sue CEE ea Te ee ee ee
iio T
OF
BATTLES AND ENGAGEMENTS.
Roanoke Island, N. C., ; ; » Feb. 7, 8, °62.
New Berne, N. C., ; ; : : ‘ : . March 14, ’62.
Core Creek, N. C., > : . ; . dune 17, ’62.
Dover X Roads, N. C., . : ; ; ‘ July 28, ’62.
Bachelor’s Creek, N. C., . ‘ ; ‘ ; ; » Novy. 12, °63,
Kinston, N.C., ; : i . , . Dec. 14, *62,
Whitehall, N. C., . ; : ‘ ; , ‘ . Dec. 16, 63.
Goldsboro, N. C., ; ‘ ‘ . ; . Dec. 17, 62.
Rocky Hoc Creek, N. C , . ' . . March 23, *63.
Siege of Washington, N. C, : ; . ; . . March 30 to April 16,
Gum Swamp, N.C.,.. ; ; : : ; . April 28, 63.
Gum Swamp,N.C, . q ‘ ‘ : . May 22, °63.
Walthall Junction, Va., ; : : : » May 6, T, °64.
Arrowfield Church, Va.,_ . : ; ; May 9, ’64.
Drewry’s Bluff, Va, . ; ; . ; May 18 to 16, ’64,
Bakehouse Creek, Va., ; ; ; . May 23, 64,
Cold Harbor, Va., ‘ : , : ‘ / June 2, 64,
Cold Harbor, Va.,. ‘ : : ; ; ; . dune 3, ’64,
Cold Harbor, Va., . ; R . . dune 1 to 12, *64.
Petersburg, Va, . ‘ : ; : R . June 15, ’@4,
Petersburg, Va., . : : : : June 18, ’64,
Mine, Petersburg, Va., j , ; ‘ ‘ . duly 30, 64,
Siege of Petersburg, Va., . ; ; ‘ : i . dune 15 to Aug.
Gardner’s Bridge, N. C., ; : ° ; ; . Dee. 9, 64,
Foster’s Mills, N.C., . : ; : Dec. 10, °64,
Butler’s Bridge, N.C.,. ‘ r 5 ; ; . Dee. 12, 64.
South-West Creek, N. C., : : , j March 8, *65.
ey Ak be Lak RE Gee es
Trenton, N.C., . ; ; ‘ ‘ July 25 to 27, 62.
Tarboro, N. C., . i : ‘ . . . . . . » Novito Dec. 2, ’62.
Goldsboro, N. C., . > ‘ ‘ . : ; , Dec, 11 to 20, ’62.
Kenansville and Warsaw, N.C, ‘ , ft i : ‘ . July 4 to 8, 63.
Rocky Mount, N.C, . ; ‘ : . : ; ; . July 17 to 20, ’63.
Magnolia Salt Sulphur Springs, Va., . . : ‘ March 4 to 7, ’64,
Blackwater, Va., . » ‘ - ; A : , April 12 to 15, ’64.
Rainbow Bluff, N.C., . ‘ : : : . . Dec. 4, 64, to Jan. 7, 65.
-—— SSA i ts ht A che A ITSM So ION le HEC ey SRA NAILS AMON EA AE NRE NES ARENSON ORT ARETE AE LORE AGE AEE DEAT OC =
CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION,
CHAPTER I.
Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. Col. Lee. Recruiting. Reporting at
Camp. Field and Staff Officers. Testimonials of favor. Governor
Andrew to Col. Lee. Line Officers. Ordered to the front. 7-18
ERRATA.
Page 150, line 17. Read Dec. 16th, not Dec. 17th. aan Hora na
Page 151, line 6. Read Dec. 17th, not Dec. 18th.
Off for the War. Hudson River. Philadelphia. Annapolis. First ser-
For Co. C, read Co. D.
vice. General Burnside to command. Brigaded. General A. E
Burnside. General John G. Foster. General H. C. Lee. Ow
Brigade relations. First death. Orders to embark. 19-42
For July 18th, read June 18th.
CHAPTER III.
The Burnside Expedition. Fleet and Armament. Ranger. Guerrilla
Cape Hatteras. Terrible storm. Troubles at Hatteras. Crossing
the Swash. Unpleasant discoveries. Sailing Orders. Defences of
Roanoke Island. Bombardment. Landing of Troops. The Biv-
ouac. First Battle. Flanking Ft. Defiance. The Enemy surrender
Casualties. Foraging. Re-embarking. Capt. Henry A. Hubbard’s
death. Prisoners exchanged. . : 43-76
CHAPTER IV.
New Berne. Fleet under way. Landing at Slocum’s Creek. Battle of
New Berne. Enemy’s works. Position of the Union troops. Vic-
torious charge. The Enemy retreat. Trent Bridge and Public
Buildings burned. We capture the Seventh North Carolina Camp
Casualties, Lieut. J. W. Lawton. Incidents. Congratulatory
order. . ‘ a , ' : 77-97
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER YV.
Life in Dixie. Camp Warner. Bachelor’s Creek. Hospital. Rein-
forcements. Battle of Camden, N.C. Siege of Fort Macon. For-
tifications of New Berne. Beyond the lines. Military Governor.
Grand review. Premature rejoicings. Departure of Gen’l Burn-
side. Burnside’s plan. Trenton Expedition, Capt. Sandford at
Gum Swamp. Killed by lightning. Washington, N. C. attacked.
Companies A, C, and I ordered to Washington; B, D, E, F and G
to Newport Barracks. H and K at Bachelor's Creek. Depart-
ment of North Carolina. Defences of Washington. Defences of
Plymouth. Naval Combat on the Blackwater. Wingfield and
Shiloh. : . : 9&-133
CHAPTER VI.
Tarboro Expedition. Nine months’ troops. Rhalls’ Mills skirmish.
Advance to Rainbow Bluff. Detour to Tarboro. Council of war
and return. Attack upon H and K at Bachelor’s Creek. Lieut.
Wood’s strategy... : 134-144
CHAPTER VII.
Kinston, Whitehall and Goldsboro. Our force engaged. Skirmishing
by the way. Battle of Kinston. Battle of Whitehall. Field and
battle of Goldsboro. Clingman assaults Lee’s Brigade. Casu-
alties. Rebel force. Incidents. . 145-158.
CHAPTER VIII.
South Carolina Expedition. Regiment at Washington, N.C. Co’sG
and H go to Plymouth. Mail steamers and mails. Hyde County
guerrillas. Fort Anderson attacked. Siege of Washington, N. C.
Demand for its surrender. Commodore Hull. Ceres runs the
blockade. Aground under the guns of Rodman’s Point. Spinola
retreats. Nailing the flag to the staff. Cotton Battery and Hill’s
Point. Steamer Escort runs the blockade. General order. Gan-
nett declines to assault. The Siege raised. Incidents. Engagement
at Rocky Hoe Creek. ; 160-188
CHAPTER IX.
Gum Swamp. Engagement at Dover X Roads. Gen’! Palmer loses his
temper. Gum Swamp under Col. Jones. A Night in the Swamp.
A grand Success. Following Col. Pierson in a swamp. Lieut.
Hunt and his men at Core Creek Bridge. Attack upon Bachelor's
Creek. Col. Jones killed. What wasit? . : 189-201
ue ae
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—_— “Senha cai nt a eh Ai ag cP RB I aN RT LAM A ES MRED a AINA. ti MRAM GRIT LNA Act aren 1a due PT aC rc ee TS RAIS
CONTENTS,
CHAPTER X.
Col. Lyman resigns. Life in New Berne. Attending a colored Church.
Foster General Hospital. The Forty-Sixth Mass. Kenansville and
Warsaw Expedition. Rocky Mount Expedition. Gen’l Foster
commands the Department of Virginia and North Carolina. Gen’
Peck commands in North Carolina. Veteran Reserve Corps. Capt.
Geo. Warner. Guard for Conscripts. Negro wedding. 202-217
CHAPTER XI.
Gen’l Foster calls for his old Brigade. At Newport News. Gen’l Foster
relieves Gen’l Burnside at Knoxville, Tenn. Provost duty. Re-
enlistment. Review of 1863, . , 218-221
CHAPTER XII.
Veterans at home. Mayor Alexander’s Address. (Col. Bartholomew’s
reply. Census of Norfolk Contrabands. Our Drum Corps. Helping
in colored schools. Julian’s Creek, Organization of the Red Star
Brigade. Death of Adj’t E. D. Lee. ; ‘ 29992
aw
CHAPTER XIII,
Department of North Carolina in danger. Attack upon
: New Berne. A
terrible Revenge. Plymouth attacked. The ram Albemarle. Death
of Lieut.-Com. Flusser. Plymouth surrendered. Capt. Sampson.
Washington, N.C., evacuated. . ,- ANO? 7° ‘ TY one \ ;
Re sae a c rth ¢ wrolina, lorpedo Explosion. Military Execution
e OW e roy ‘ye b hls) ¢ . :
: a ver, Volunteers for hazardous duty. Destruction of the
vam Albemarle. Reecantnre af Plc v.
pture of Plymouth, N. C.
aging. Marchi Successful for-
aging. Marching orders.
435-445
CHAPTER XXII.
Rainbow B , lon hed : ‘
valInodow luff. Gardne} S Bridge. Foster's Mills. Butler’s Bride
gfe.
ey, > i>) Io - ‘ ry oe
rankle’s movements. 'ri-monthly Re-
* rent. Ordered to Beaufort. Ordered to
4x AC +#7 7 “ aa 2 : 7 ” se
peditions against Fort Fisher. Red House and
446-458
Fun all on one side. Col. ]
port. Major Moore bellige
New Berne.
Rocky Run.
o
CHAPTER XXIII.
South-West Creek. Marching orders. Col. Bartholomew’s little Speech
At South-West Creek, Being flanked. Battle of South West Creek.
Hardly a fighting chance. Rallying around our Colors. Defeated -
casualties. Col. W. G. Bartholomew. Incidents. Adjt. J. W
Holmes. Story of the prisoners. A speedy release. : 459-477
CHAPTER XXIV
Close of Service. The Soldier’s life. The Last Ditch found. Disband-
ing of the Army. Muster-out of the Regiment. The fearful Cost
Personal Notices of Officers and Men. 478~495
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXV.
Hospital Department.
Medical. Surgeon Otis. Surgeon Otis’ Letters.
Asst.-Surg.’s
On the way to Annapolis. New Berne Battlefield.
Camp and Hubon. Hospital funds. Effect of large Bounties. Dr.
CG. E Fuller. At Cold Harbor, Va. Around Petersburg. Return
to North Carolina. Yellow fever. Hamilton Expedition. South-
West Creek. Final service. Signal Corps. Our Men in that Corps.
Its Advantage to the Army. 496-519
CHAPTER XXVI.
Twenty-Seventh Massachusetts Regimental Association. Its object.
Discovery of the captured Colors. How recovered. A Jubilee of the
Regiment at Springfield. How the Flags were received. Piess re-
ports.
regret; longing to be with us. Fraternal Greetings.
520-531
20LL OF HONOR,
ROSTER,
. somes its 59S Ohh ae cocoben FP OS ee A at BNA SSE sata & oe r
MMB IVE Cites te an eaes tobe iwecas oe ae Neaes Adee tay.
Flags deposited at the Springfield City Library. Letters of
INTRODUCTORY.
One of our most eminent statesmen has said, ‘‘ All gov-
ernments must pass through three ordeals before having a
confessed standing in the family of nations ; first, the Hae
edge of and declaration of independent righte i second,
defending rights and territory from foreign aggression; and
las n ? . ee . . ee ‘i ce . .
tly, maintaining itself against insurrection and treason
within its domain.” Two of these ordeals had been suc-
cessfully passed by the United States, but in the last the
nations of the world predicted its ruin. ‘* We had no
cohesiveness or power to enforce our laws, and at the
first shock would fly to pieces like a torpedo from forces
within. At best, a republic based on universal suffrage
and intelligence but nourished the causes that would prove
-
its ruin.” These predictions showed the bias of the nations,
and their acts became so unfriendly at the outset of our
contest, as to justify our noble President Lincoln in saying,
in his annual message in 1862, ‘* Every nation eteaibed hos
civil war must expect to be treated without consideration ne
55
foreign powers.” Count De Gasparin, a writer of acknowl-
edged ability, said, ‘¢Suppose Europe not to exist, and
America a duelling-ground in which no one can interfere,
you cannot imagine a continuance of the struggle. Four
months would suffice for the reduction of the South from the
day it ceases to count on Europe.”
INTRODUCTORY.
It is proper to recount a few of the leading causes of the
war as an introduction to the services and sacrifices of
those who battled for the integrity of our Union. Headley
in his History of the civil war says, ‘‘ It is easy to see that
it will be vain for either North or South to attempt to prove
itself entirely guiltless before impartial history ;” a declara-
tion which means that, although the North was right in its
determined opposition to slavery, the South was in a meas-
ure justified in recourse to arms, from the methods by which
their pet institution was antagonized. Such a statement
may be soothing to a neutral mind, but lacks the vigor and
honesty of the truism that right is always aggressive against
evil, and must be in loyalty to itself.
The loyal North had endured banterings and insults until
forbearance ceased to be a virtue. For the sake of peace,
they had submitted to a long series of dominations, result-
ing in the admission of Texas as a slave State, and render-
ing effete the Wilmot Proviso, by the terms of which slavery
could not be introduced into acquired territory. After a
bitter struggle, slavery was legalized in Missouri under the
Missouri Compromise, providing that henceforth slavery
should be prohibited north of the thirty-sixth degree of
latitude. To repeal this compromise, Squatter Sovereignty
had been the rallying cry, and this declared it the right of
those settling in a territory to decide its domestic institu-
tions. ‘To vitiate State sovereignty, as in Kansas, they
appealed to border ruftianism, and invoked the military
power of the government to crush out and destroy the
opposing sentiment. Still dissatisfied, they obtained the
famous Dred Scott decision from the Supreme Court, which
Ee oe ee ee ee
INTRODUCTORY.
declared, ‘‘ There is no difference between slaves and other
kinds of property,” and that ‘* All American citizens may
settle everywhere (in our domain) with their property.”
With the patronage of the government at their command, its
marshals were employed in recovering fugitive slaves, and
both houses of Congress passed stringent laws, ordering all
the forces of the States, both public and private, to assist
in capturing and returning the fugitives to bondage. Es-
plonage was placed upon the mails, and all literature
assailing slavery prohibited therefrom. Social ostracism
against persons from the free States at the South, was
exacting and intolerable, individual, opinion overawed, and
any expression of opposing sentiment was followed by a
notice to leave, or by personal violence. Prominent men in
all departments of government were playing fast and loose
with treason, and distrust was justified on every hand.
Although a Massachusetts senator had been stricken
down at the National Capitol, and these changes been en-
dured, there was no intention to interfere with the institution
of slavery, otherwise than by legislation, though secession
and nullification had been openly advocated at the South.
The election of Abraham Lincoln furnished an occasion
rather than a cause for the South; and the weakness or
duplicity of James Buchanan, the opportunity to unveil
their treasonable plans. South Carolina passed an ordi-
nance of secession Dec. 20, 1860, and seized all public
property within her State, under the plea of eminent
domain. ‘This was repeated in all the cotton States, until,
upon the Inauguration of Abraham Lincoln as President.
March 4, 1861, seven States had passed ordinances of se-
INTRODUCTORY.
cession. Each in turn seized the public property, Florida
and Louisiana ignoring their purchase by the government
at a cost of about sixty millions of dollars, and Texas the
fact that her place in our constellation had been secured by
upwards of two hundred millions of dollars, and large num-
bers of valuable lives.
Friday, April 12, 1861, at half-past four in the morning,
a shell from a mortar battery near Fort Johnson, Charleston,
~
S.C., described a curve high in air, and fell within Fort
Sumter, then occupied by Major Robert Anderson, with a
garrison of one hundred and twenty-eight men. After a
bombardment of thirty-six hours, by forces under General
Beauregard, the fort was surrendered and evacuated April
14th. Thus was treason consummated, and a conflict in-
augurated, which, in gigantic proportions, and far-reaching
results, must ever stand as one of the boldest monuments in
political history.
These acts narrated, resulted in a proclamation for con-
vening Congress July 4, 1861, and a call for seventy-five
thousand troops for three months. Virginia, North Caro-
lina, Tennessee, and Arkansas, now cast their lot with the
South, while Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri refused
their quota, and notified the government, — ‘‘ Troops could
not pass over their domain to coerce the sovereign States.”
By this accession, the seceded States embraced a popula-
tion of five and a half million whites and three and one-half
million blacks, with a territory of five hundred and sixty-
four thousand square miles. Cotton had been king, yielding
to these States upward of two hundred millions annually, in
addition to immense revenues from other crops, and from
INTRODUCTORY.
mines and forests of ship-timber. The conflict must be
waged, if at all, along an inland line of upwards of twelve
hundred miles well suited for defence, and twenty-four hun-
dred miles of seaboard, containing the best harbors and
strongest fortresses of the Union.
From the Potomac to the far West, all was chaos and
lurking treason when Congress met. An insurgent army
was gathered at Manassas, Va., threatening the national
capital. Kentucky had decided to remain in the Union, but
Buckner and Breckenridge, and other leading men were
secretly plotting to lead it into the rebellion; Missouri was
rent in twain by treason and contesting forces, and its gov-
ernor and the rebel General Price, were actively at work
to force it into the Confederacy. Privateers sailing under
letters of marque were destroying our merchant marine
upon the high seas, while the nations of the Old World
pointed with scorn at one more failure of a republican goy-
ernment.
Even while Congress was debating the right or advisa-
bility of coercion, the battle of Bull Run was fought; and
the retreating,
demoralized Union army — of twenty-eight
thousand five hundred and sixty-eight men, — as it fell back
upon the national capit:l, awoke the two houses from sen-
timentality to a conception of duty. The needed appropria-
tions were quickly made, and the call for five hundred
thousand volunteers was authorized.
Before a step could be taken to retrieve our national
honor, this army must be enlisted, equipped, and drilled.
A great danger also threatened the nation in the expiration
of the term of the three months troops; but, thanks to their
INTRODUCTORY.
unwavering loyalty, these troops volunteered to remain
until such time as new levies could replace them. Fortu-
nately, the call for volunteers was met by an uprising and
response without parallel, exceeding by two bendiva and
fourteen thousand one hundred and forty the number called
for, a sight which startled the nations of the world, and
nwoke in our enemies a new conception of the conflict they
had precipitated. ,
Suspecting that the national government would be forced
to resort to arms— with eminent wisdom — Gov. John A.
Andrew, of Massachusetts, had issued his General Order
No. 4, Jan. 16, 1861, requiring the commanding officer of
each militia organization, to perfect, recruit, and equip his
command with men ready for service at a moment’s notice:
and to discharge such as were unfit and unwilline to ite
active service. ,
By virtue of this forethought, Massachusetts was able to
respond so promptly to the eall for troops, that the unfading
honor of the first response to the nation’s call, belones hs
her, and to the valiant Sixth Massachusetts Regiment. , The
morning following the call, the Sixth Mabenchusniia Regi-
ment mustered on Boston Common, and the evenine of eis
17th was en route for Washineton. i
ry. ° ; . .
Che President’s first call was met with such an uprising
that but a small proportion of the volunteers could be Ri
cepted ; but after the battle of Bul] Run, with a more vivid
conception of the conflict before it, the fovernment once
more appealed to the States for help, and iru Andrew
issued his proclamation, ‘‘ Your country calls you to the
post, where the heroic soldiers of April albeit a with oen-
erous alacrity and sublime devotion.”
P.
Pe
ie Stan Oe Im Sei eo Oe | EDS, 82 —
= ees thes SYS CAL ate NF ra ies eh ats pune his Ge so G4G 3S PACES OE
ets WEE Pte NL es Os ses icéat STaeashed AGESis?-
CHAPTER I.
TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Avaust 28, 1861, Horace C. Lee, City Clerk of Spring-
field, a gentleman of large experience in the Massachusetts
State Militia, received a telegram from Governor Andrew,
offering him the lieutenant-colonelcy of the Twenty-First
W orcester. He
Massachusetts Regiment, then in camp at
telegraphed his acceptance, and the next morning went to
Joston for instructions, when he was informed that five
additional regiments were to he raised, and that the gov-
ernor had decided to authorize him to organize one of these
in the western part of the State.
September 3d, he received written authority from Gov-
ernor Andrew to organize a regiment, to be recruited in the
four western counties. It was then supposed that the regi-
ment would be called the Twenty-Fifth Massachusetts Regi-
ment. and all its earlier orders were so oiven.
Colonel Lee at once communicated with fifteen gentlemen
of former prominence in the militia, offering commands and
positions as he considered them competent, in return for
enlistments.
September 10th, recruiting offices were opened at North-
ampton, Amherst, Greenfield, Athol, Ludlow, Chicopee,
Springfield, Westfield, North Adams and Pittsfield. So
‘intense was the enthusiasm that on the 15th mstant North-
ampton and Westfield reported full ranks ; Ludlow, seventy-
five men enlisted ; and other places that they were meeting
unexpected success.
September 17th, the companies at Amherst, Adams, Chico-
TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIM ENT.
pee and Ludlow, were ordered into camp on ** Gunn’s Lot,”
situated upon the Wilbraham Road, about a mile east of the
United States Armory, at Springfield, Mass. The camp
was well situated upon high and level ground, far enough
from the city to facilitate discipline, and yet easy of access
for visitors and supplies. Luke Lyman, Esq., of North-
ampton, Register of Probate for Hampshire County, was
appointed lieutenant-colonel of the regiment ; and, as Golo-
nel Lee’s time was largely occupied in closing his business
and facilitating recruiting, the command of the camp de-
volved upon Lieutenant-Colonel Lyman until about the
middle of October.
Dr. George A. Otis, of Springfield, was appointed sur-
geon, commenting on which, the «* Sprinefield Republican ”
congratulated the regiment on ¢< having secured one of the
foremost, best educated, and most successful physicians in
the county, and every way fitted for the post.” Walter
G. Bartholomew, of Thompson’s Express, formerly of the
United States Sappers and Miners, was made commander of
the North Adams company, and ordered to bring the same
to camp.
In consequence of the drain upon the Quartermaster’s
Department at Boston, it was impossible to obtain camp
equipage, so that for the lack of these when the Pittsfield and
Amherst companies arrived at Springfield, the 19th inst., the
City Guard offered them the use of their armory for the
night. The morning of the 20th, a portion of the tents ar-
rived, and our rendezvous was named Camp Reed, in honor
of Gen'l John H. Reed, Quartermaster-General of Massachu-
setts. During the day, the Amherst. Westfield, and Pitts-
field companies repaired to the ground and pitched their A
tents, which furnished accommodations for six men each.
Official notice was also received of the appointment of
William H. Tyler, a former merchant of South Adams, as
Quartermaster of the regiment. This for the time created
FIRST NIGHT IN CAMP.
quite a ripple, as Colonel Lee in consideration of assurances
from the governor had promised the same to J. B. Stebbins,
Esq., a worthy citizen of Springfield, who had already begun
to act in that capacity. The responsibility assumed by Colo-
nel Lee in the matter of appointments was a delicate one;
subjecting him to great pressure from all sides, in behalf of
particular friends; and it is creditable to his judgment and
the forbearance of his officers that he succeeded with so iit
tle friction. There was rivalry in the appointment of a
chaplain between the friends of Rev. Miles Sonne ;
3aptist minister of Adams and those of Rev. ¢ ‘te ood-
worth, a Congregationalist of South Amherst. The former
received the appointment, but the latter succeeded him a
few months later. , Wf
September 21st the Northampton and Ludlow oman
reported at camp, but the small supply o1 tents orope “i .
crowd twelve men into quarters intended for six. khey lay
at antipodes that night upon their pallets of st raw. No yen
der there were frequent complaints of crowding, kicking, an
of feet being in some one’s face. These trials were, how-
ever, soon submitted to, and the hilarity of camp gave place
Soon some straitened, achmg limb,
to quiet and sleep. ng
: ws cope as pine
unconsciously raised for relief, strikes oul supply of tin-wal |
ends it like a score of
hanging upon the tent-pole, and sends it like as !
: To add variety, a heavy rain
eymbals over the sleepers.
fell about two o’clock in the morning, flooding the camp and
leaving our embryo soldiers lying in puddles of water. |
The Commissary Department was equally deficient in
supplies, and some companies were provided with preys a
the Eaole Hotel, now known as the ‘* Rockingham House.
» Tes 3e ie call for
It must be remembered that the response to tl
‘he e sias thich
troops had been without parallel. The enthusiasm wh
fired the heart of New England had been encouraged by
liberal pecuniary aid from patriotic and influential citizens.
Hon. H. G. Knight of Easthampton paid one hundred dol-
10 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
lars to each married, and fifty dollars to each sinele man
enlisting in our regiment from that town. Judge James D.
Colt, Col. C. M. Whelden of Pittsfield and Sylvander John-
son, Esq., of North Adams were also specially prominent,
while many others in.a quiet but still efficient worked
in their own localities.
We prospered, because the people had a mind to work.
and hence it was not strange the regiment was ready for
camp before its supplies and equipage could be obtained.
Sunday, the 22d, was novel in experience, strict enforce-
ment of camp discipline not being required. The men were
allowed to attend the various churches of the city, or roam
the fields at pleasure. There was not enough of mutual
acquaintance to suggest frivolitv, but all were models of
soberness and decorum. In the afternoon, Captain Fuller
took the Pittsfield company — Whelden Guards — to the
Eagle House, and furnished them one of its best dinners at
his own expense.
Parts of the Springtield, Chicopee, Greenfield and North
Adams companies arrived the 23d inst., and Amos Bond,
of Springfield, was authorized to organize a band for the
regiment. A full supply of tents was secured during the
‘
day, allowing one to each six men.
Orders were issued the 24th requiring flannel to be used
as underwear, and a supply issued; but the uniforms, to be
made by Merritt Clark & Co., of Northampton, were as
yet undelivered. During the day six men of the Ludlow
company were drummed from camp for insubordination be-
cause of dissatisfaction with rations. The Athol company
arrived during the afternoon headed by the Athol Band, so
that the ten companies were present, though as yet without
full ranks.
The encampment had now its full proportions.
The parade ground was a scene of restless activity ; the
various detachments engaged in company movements, or
©
CHARACTER AND MUSTER OF THE REGIMENT.
. «
RA ETD 2
answered for hospital purposes, and for the examining |
! : | : eas 2) ° »}* >/
On repairing to this place the men were ordere
santa pase ] nt at double
to strip and, one by one, were put around the tent a
OS ‘ ; ‘ f
ituti ‘ident: ‘ arising from
quick Defects. constitutional, accidental, or arising .
juICcK. de Aone
habits. were carefully sought out, and the utmost soun
; ame Nature must have
of lune and limb demanded. Dame
ect * her creation, for but
Jumed herself over the perfection of her creation ,
) Such were the men New Englan«
‘ew were found unsound. . _
é Like the sacrifice
was furnishing as a pledge of her loyalty. a
‘ h a. : > . 5 . ee. Q > ) em-
of the ancient Jews, their offering was W ithout § pot ol we
! 4 Tara °° : rear © | e@ W
ish, and it was no poesy that they were the flower of
; * ‘ -
England.”
es * Massachusetts yeomen —
Our regiment was made up of Massachusetts ye«
the best element of the people. It stood for the best of
a : » ’ fay &) : { " : er.
which America can boast — men of indepe ndenee. charact
rere Whi 1g ‘eason-
and honest toil. Most of them were what might rea
ably be expected from New England's free-school system,
< £ 4 co 2 : ‘ae : We
— men of intelligence, ‘‘ who knew their rights and kno
ry . . Tara : > > ‘ oft
‘no dare maintain.” The rank and file wer the equal
eet na an
those in command, and yet, for the public good, were wl!
° ° . » ~W11O ] ys the
ine to surrender individuality, and work through others |
r in speaking ot
a
nation’s redemption. The “ Republican 7 ni
them said: “They are the hardy yeomen of western J ~
chusetts, and when fully organized, are cimeoty to equal, 1
not surpass, the popular Tenth Regiment. Bere ii
September 27th, the morning reports gave i. “a os
men in camp: Westfield, one hundred and filteen ; “ie :
ampton, one hundred and ten; Amherst and lnapege itn
hundred each; Ludlow, ninety ; Pittstield, eight) > :
Adams, fifty-eight ; Springtield, forty-nine ; Chicopee, a8
ty ; Greenfield, thirty ; and these, having passed aegis
seon, were mustered into the United States ~—
Major Semple, U.S.A., for three years unless sooner dis
12 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
charged. The same day the following list of field officers
for the regiment was promulgated : —
Colonel, Horace C. Lee, of Springtield.
Lieutenant-Colonel, Luke Lyman, Northampton.
Major, William M. Brown, North Adams.
Surgeon, George A. Otis, Springfield.
Assistant Surgeon, Samuel Camp, Great Barrington.
Quartermaster, William H. Tyler, Adams.
Adjutant, George W. Bartlett, Greenfield.
Chaplain, H. Winslow, ——_——
Of the last person, the author can say nothing, the including
of his name being doubtless a clerical error, as on Sunday, the
29th, Rev. C. L. Woodworth, of Amherst, conducted « divine
service,” as a candidate for the office. A choir improvised
by J. L. Skinner, of the Amherst company, aided the exer-
cises. Thus early the standard of the cross was elevated,
and a remnant was faithful to it through all the vicissitudes
of service. The men marching out, formed a hollow square,
and, seated upon the ground, by worship dedicated the
dome of the sky as their religious temple.
The work of organization, equipment, and drill was
pressed without intermission to prepare us for the field at
the earliest moment. The Quartermaster and Commissary
departments were now fully supplied, and the hearts of the
people opened to furnish everything love and loyalty could
suggest. Hardly a day passed but mementoes from: loved
ones came to gladden our hearts, in many cases the result
of a sacrifice at home more patriotic than that which led us
to the field.
The children’s work opened on the afternoon of the 12th
of October, when the Northamptom company marched into
a hollow square formed by the other companies and were
presented in behalf of the Sabbath schools of that town with
testaments, towels, combs, and cushions. Appropriate re-
MEMENTOES FROM FRIENDS.
marks were made by Rev. Mr. Capen, and patriotic songs
sung by a chorus accompanying the delegation. On the
16th the Ludlow company was alike favored, and upon the
29th the following note, with the supplies alluded to in it,
was received : —
SPRINGFIELD, Oct. 29, 1861.
Col. H. C. LEe:
The scholars of State Street Granimar School cheerfully con-
tribute the following articles to your hospital stores: Four blank
ets, three pairs slippers, twenty-one sheets, two boxes of ban-
dages, eighteen pairs pillow-cases, one box lint, fifty towels, one
roll linen, sixteen pairs wool socks, two boxes soap, ten handker-
chiefs, one night shirt, and a collection of books ; and we sincerely
hope they may be the means of affording muen comfort to the
brave men of your regiment. Yours respectfully,
| (Signed) J. A. MILLER,
S. G. FEtTon,
Teachers.
Tni . pA A yes =
This was followed by gifts from the Union Street Gram
mar and High School of the city.
It is much easier to say that the ladies left nothing un-
done which love could suggest or ingenuity devise, than to
enumerate their favors. On the 15th the North Adams
and Pittsfield companies received towels, combs, and cush-
. . . , e... - J a ; . i. -] .
ions, from Mrs. J. M. Thompson, of Springfield, while the
former, and the Chicopee companies were remembered by a
Mrs. —— Carney, by the same gifts, not toomita MOeral sup
ply of «* doughnuts,” sufficient for the Adams company. Those
doughnuts touched the jealousies of the whole regiment, and
2 : a . . . ‘«é ,é ve ‘vay y » wa y ‘
longing eyes watched thei disappearance, wondering at
such partiality. If the donor had only enlarged her bounty
to include us all, she would have been unanimously declared
> mother of the regiment. ‘The hospital was in daily re-
the mother of the regime : . baa pee
ceipt of supplies from the ladies, and upon the 23¢
following was received : —
14 VRNT YU nwWos~
rWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT
Dr. Orts: NORTHAMPTON,
Enclosed y
uNCLOS you w
agri : will find one hundred dollars, contributed
‘ C foot ye ; Tor : :
eu : , people of Northampton, for the benefit of the sicl
( Tour recime ‘ ; , i > SICK
giment. Mr. Lyman assures me that if placed in
your hands it wi \. Seen
sit will be judiciously used. It has afforded u t
‘ aS < ; Ss great
yleasure to c ‘j in
abe contribute in our way to the comforts of vour bt
men. thev are willine : TUS OL YC rave
iced are willing to leave home to protect ours, the all we
‘ » 18 but a poor returi , ; re ah
1, yet it may say :
: ay say to them. we
ure appreciate the s fj i ai en ae
ate the sacrifice, and th: :
Jey < Nat our prayers :
attend the i . prayers and best wishes
ss (Signed) Marra T. D
, yh ATUL : AMON,
yea ne equally appreciative of our officers, and
i 1 day some new victim found himself called upon to ‘e
a siping ae unexpected testimonials of good-will ee re-
i ; aptain Bartholomew again led off, and wie: suspiciously ;
an out-of-town lady ” presenting him with a ha 1. is
aR of which the <* Republican ” niiocwated = slg
surprising.” A Ce : Oo =
ahr ae ok one rest untold. Lieutenant-Colonel
, ceived a sword, sash, and belt from the Lyman
Gzuard of N
Aue i ortham ton: \ al >
} " Captain Bartholomew and Lieuten-
ant Bailey receive ~ Ween y
y received like gifts from the Union Guard of
spa eat fri also Lieutenant Hunt from John West, Esq. ;
| onan artiet feoth Sheriff Bashi ST
from the Masonic fraternity ; edge ea tn ep ; nip
and equipments from friends ; And upon the 21st ve : pit
< Lon received the same gift from his city friends, patos
2m 18th, the regiment formed in a square upon on ss : 2
Sadat and were presented by Major Andrews, A vives :
naan General of Massachusetts, with a iat ann
and United States eolors. ; | Ot
Wain dake z wi itehianes As he presented them to us
gore “iddled. cyte : pr "tern pestpees
poe YA “APisitars sighing of destruction, hurle death
jet ona foe, or faded by the lapse of ita ot A ae
ie ee — bring them back a crown of Atisiy re ‘a
row.” The colors were received at << present conde! Colo.
DIFFICULTY IN ENLISTING. 15
nel Lee plighting our lives, if need be, to save them from
dishonor.
It had been ex}
of the Sherman expedition, at
‘«« Hampstead Camp,” L. [.. and as early as October 7th, or-
ders were received to be ready to leave for that point the
14th inst. Colonel Lee responded that this was utterly
impossible, as the regiment was without arms or uniforms,
verfectly recruited and organized. The attempt to
ist so many regiments at once, had filled our towns with
hoth for our own and other States. Of
and the following reply elic-
ected that this regiment would form a part
that time rendezvousing at
and 1m]
enl
recruiting offices,
this, complaint was made,
ited :—
Boston, Oct. ll, 1861.
Col. H. C. LEE:
I understand that persons
under the supposed authority of
of your regiment. This is
are recruiting in the four western
counties Major-General But-
thus delaying the recruiting
ler,
and in defiance of the order of
wholly wrong,
ment, and of the au
War. No person can be commissioned in the
. governor of the State. nor can regiments be
thority to me imparted by the
volunteer service,
otherwise than by thi
recruited over his authority, unless he refuses
ps when demanded by the
to commission offi-
cers and raise troo United States gov-
1 have authorized as many regiments
attempted at one time in the State, and as many
The four western counties were
of War has requested.
recruiting ground, and I will not at present change the
ernment. as can be safely
as the Secretary
designated
as your
order in that respect.
(Signed) Joun A. ANDREW, Governor.
North-
Through the influence of Ansel Wright, Esq., at
at once secured from that town for
Colonel Lee left the command of
of Lieutenant-Colonel
‘on to the various recrult-
ampton, thirty men were
the Chicopee company.
the camp under the efficient care
Lyman, and gave personal attent
ing offices, so that by October 290th the ranks were prac-
ber 10th. Tnttld rifles and uniforms were issued Octo
Bleue, 7 7 er consisted of a navy-blue coat and
hai cam i bi ue pants and overcoat, with a black felt
: ‘ ) 1© companies were assigned position in line ay |
rank as below ; the numerals signifying their order j i oe
counting in order from right to left as oh dress ih re
letters the future designation of the companies. Bp cg
Town from.
Town from.
from right.
| Position in line |
| Order of rank.
from right.
Company letter.
| Company letter. |
i
| Position in line
| Order of rank,
ed
—
co
Ludlow,
Amherst,
Westfield,
Athol,
10 Pittsfield,
* Color Company.
Th if eee 99
ons ampli non-commissioned officers were an-
a ni “a verything hastened to complete the organiza-
wetict th Marre ve despatch possible, it was unable to
rity e regiment In season for the Sherman. Fx edit;
which left Fortress Monroe October 29 1861. pe pire
va and 22d, the regiment paraded ieodiek the ae ee
ing hearty compliments from the cilena and | Belin
Nir Mee iartricd evolutions and discipline. ay eas
phen 4 Ustober 20th, Rev. Henry M. Parsons, pastor
‘ 1e First Congregational Church, ‘Springfield tlh ne #
pon the grounds an eloquent and _ stipr; DM preached
1 Cor. 16: ¥en Quit rth Soe e tung sermon from
October 25th the foliowine ii, dina be strong.”
commissions, and were alle ° ine officers received their
stered into service : —
LINE OFFICERS.
a
First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants
Co. Captains
A |S.C.Vance, Indianapolis, | M. H. Spaulding, North- | E. C. Clark, Northamp-
Ind. ampton. ton.
P. W. McManus, Daven- | L. H. Horton, Athol.
B | A. W. Caswell, Gardner.
port, Lowa.
W. F. Barrett, Green-
J. H. Nutting, Greenfield.
field.
|W. H. Walker, Green-
field.
D | T. W. Sloan, Amherst. A. R. Dennison.,Amherst. | J. H. Aitcherson, Chico-
| pee.
’ |G. A. Fuller, Springfield. | J. W. Trafton, Spring- | L. J. Bradley, Lee.
| field.
F | L. F. Thayer, Westfield. | J. W. Moore, Tolland. J. H. Fowler, Westfield.
F. C. Wright, Northamp
P. S. Bailey, Springfield.
ton.
G | R. R. Swift, Chicopee.
HiW G. Bartholomew, | C. H. Sandford, Adams. | W.H. H. Briggs, Adams.
Springfield.
K. Wilcox, Spring- | C. W. Goodale, Wilbra-
I | H. A. Hubbard, Ludlow. | E.
field. ham.
George Warner, Spring-| W. C. Hunt, Springfield.
K | H.K. Cooley,Springfield.
field,
‘¢bhattalion drill” and
The afternoons were given to
and
‘‘dress parade,” drawing large crowds of spectators ;
hours of leisure to wrestlings, dances, games and visits.
The sutlers Langdon and Bidwell erected a shed just
outside the guard. This establishment was complete of its
kind ; and its supplies, while those ordinarily on sale at such
places, might be guaranteed to produce anything from a dys-
peptic to a full-fledged corpse. One of the unexplained inci-
cents connected with this institution, was the placing of a
barrel in their keeping, and wonderful to tell, the morning
following the body was found, but the spirit(s) had departed.
October 29th our entire equipment was at hand, including
horses, baggage wagons, and ambulances ; and the regiment
received orders to start for the front Saturday, November 2d.
18 T'WENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
The morning of the ]
master Genera] Reed,
A. Andrew and staff.
st we were reviewed by Quarter-
and in the afternoon by Goy.
John
This closed our duty at Camp Reed, nothing
occurred to darken our experiences.
inspiriting, and — barring the litt]
made
having
All was bright and
e incursions which will be
by men promiscuously o
y gathered — our stay was
pleasant to those living ne:
as
ar the grounds as to ourselves.
= it adie tind a ois
. 5 es Fie .
CPL 9S Chat ee Ne fetes (See eT sa 8S}
AWAITING ORDERS.
CHAPTER IL.
OFF FOR THE WAR.
, , ‘lear; the rus-
Sarurpay, November 2d, opened cool and cleat Fach
Wd \ . 7 . . 4 a 1 alli to sne e
eee ce being quickly driven
Se ee ‘urling smoke being q |
tline leaves and cu | PRET pA ES:
ye ailv Ss ANC
before a strong north-west wind. Daily duties 1 ba pets
. © ba 1 ~ *) "e | ¢ ays i “+
tions were soon over, and with our first three M i husetts
f / ; Tw r.Seve Massachusetts
and with knapsacks slung, the Twenty-Sev« nth sata
! ine o’clock the sign:
Regiment awaited orders. At. nine o’clock t : | :
LCL , < ‘ - > , . Si ) enrec
I k camp” was given, and the field of tents « . P]
6&6 Wear < ir ous => F . ; ies were
¥s age, and supplies,
re pital, camp equipage, : :
as by magic. Hos] ” dake alk tad
i en route to the railroad; and the frisky \ a
SOO 2 l - ‘ ' ree speedily con-
the snoulderine camp-fires into a flame re hich | a '
on fi : ‘ e YOUNTLIIULLY
umed the straw with which our tents had been y
S ee <
provided. m ¢ : ioe homes.” for
At noon, with three rousing cheers for ‘* «
$5
y 4 < y V ¢ ; t ( d 1h line <
ighty strong. Though we
dress parade, nine hundred and eighty strong. thot
r < < , ; : , a ae
I ‘oug Thich success
could not fathom the experiences through whic :
i | ; soldierly bearing gave
‘ould be reached, an intelligent soldierly bearing ; ,
sl : rould return with the laurels of
promise that the remnant would re
victory, and of an honorable peace. prea e
Awaiting escort, our band favored the assem
+
oe »,” in which
tude with national airs and ‘** Home, Sweet seve é ‘eee
last the regiment joined with a lervency and 3 zy g geen es
ne, £t wan the soul offering its tribute of ib . hae oO:
before which it was certain many phere i satan
It was a refrain receding to our hillside agama,
them, that, though duty now separated us, sg - ore
watch for the dawning of the day permitting o
20) TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT sapien Keg ae
6 Oo] Though heaven alone records the tear,
: ‘Column ! ere ver hear the story
Forward !__Qnuijda : And fame should never hear the story,
rward !—Guide left !—March!!” and with fir eli: RA ie Ee ee ATS.
step. and ] rm, reuant Her heart has shed a drop as deat
~— 2 5 c ( C *S > Javea tz » rt 7 : .
| Pp; Olors to the breeze , the J wenty-Seventh Massa- As ever dewed the field of glory.
C Sse ; a0 1 - . » by Meee
hu etts Regiment of Infantry took up its march f
front. ;
‘ « 9QaT Tra TO a ;
At half-past twelve Colonel Lee gave the order
or the
ry . ‘ef . 5
a feelinos of « «The wife who girds her husband’s sword
Che feelings of such an hour the pen cannot portray a Sm gchar
Thoughts were . Mid little ones who weep or wonder,
S were sane Mui gbinis wisie 4 |
- ne . nt ve deep for expression. ‘The silent recesses And bravely speaks the cheering word,
-ATtS Wil - te : ay re IA a6 ( )
full : 1 such an experience can only know the secret What though her heart be rent asunder ;
uliness of such moments. 4 Doomed nightly in her dreams to hear
Our line of march was through State and Main streets to sandy eareni cates hestai
the ‘* Boston & Albany ” ‘tae ‘ . : eh : [as poured as sacred flood, as e’er
tant..onr eacar is vee ; depot, ‘wo miles and a half dis- Was poured upon the plain of battle.
ant, our est ort consisting of the Armory Band Union
Guar¢ ean Fire ( eas. tl Shag ma oa ree
|, Ocean Fire ( ompany, and the Springfield Cadets “The mother who conceals her grief,
Althouch ; ¥ Z + . Thila »}" Toto Ea ay a »>nraccacdc:
. 2h much of the display attending the departure of i Gobet ge " seapbosiin beeen ‘of
earlier oreanizations was ee be ies 1en breathes a few brave words, thouga oriel,
© S Was omitted, 5 et it Was not a heartless Kissing the patriot brow she blesses ;
multitude which cave —e
gave homage on the way. The railroads With no one but her secret God
eontering at Springfield had made excursion rates ; and the To know the pain that weighs upon her,
hillside homes of Berkshire, Franklin, and ie ae iy Sheds holy blood as ere the sod
0m with Hampden and Western Worcester Fi lee Seer
1¢ my Me , alli f ‘ ‘ : ane
cate ad ee 7 and matrons, No wonder, then, that, commissioned by such hands, each
witli re dioe a ae eee IN sy ity the curbing comrade swore fealty to ancestral honor, and vowed that no
enough of inact es nft iinet signs ~ sere while act of his should cause that mother, or the maid whose
national colors to show the Re ee pre seabiatisal and plight was held, to spurn us as tainted ones on our return.
Controlling their sorrows si a = hes seit inspired. Arriving at the depot an hour later, we stacked arms and
and deughters ii Wahi Asti . be le Spartan mothers awaited transportation until four o’clock, when, with part-
: West gave us new strength, by ines said, we turned our back on home and friends, and were
ev "
Inspiring us with their ow aree :
g us ir own matchless for i mY ae"
tchless fortitude and loyalty. ‘¢off for the war.” Our train consisted of twenty-one cars,
and ever will vive, tl i :
A ; 9 1e ster » : aAi>x«r Pr . y : : . ; : ;
its chief « ie, rocky soil of New Kngland way over the Boston and Albany Railroad, the platform of
its chief excelleney, a 7 ' J
In their veins e
S coursed the b * heroes. ; 7
lood of heroes, and they gave, drawn by two powerful engines, with which we sped our
race ar e pera e : ; ;
hac Mica tae of sons and daughters whose each station, as we passed, crowded with anxious, expectant
acts best enshrine the royalty of their ancestors £3 ts ie |
J atU! oI stors. riends. These places had eontributed to our ranks, and as
the train rushed by, cheers were given in lieu of the blessings
“The maid who binds ] ior’
‘ S her warrior’s sas Tl : Ww j r 3 wer
Wik ote kok ul rs ~ friends were not permitted to speak, and chubby babes were
: Il her pain dissembles. jie’ : ir f: j
The while beneath her drooping lash raised above the surging crowd, that their fathers might
One starry tear-drop hangs and trembles: catch one more glimpse of the little ones.
ROLLS ata. Aah Sieh ela poe eee: co F4eie Siekebe
Sete ve Nate TG heed rae aE LED OF T le
TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIM ENT.
A
after considerable delay, we boarded the Steamer «« Connecti-
9 .
cut,” and, stretched upon the cabin floor, were soon asleep.
While transferring our baggage, Corporals R. R. McGregor
+ ‘ . ® 1 . LY . " a
and Charles Hadley, of Company K, were pressed overboard,
but were fortunately rescued unharmed.
At eleven o’clock we arrived at Hudson, N. Y., where,
At three o’clock, Sunday morning, we turned our prow
towards New York City, and by light had reached the vicin-
ity of Rhinebeck. Nature had reserved her richest charms.
and the trip down the Hudson River will retain its place
amongst the most vivid recollections of our army experience.
Mountains, glens and villages were bathed in ‘sunlicht and
rich autumnal colors, while hillsides here and there were
dotted with camps, whose occupants cheered lustily as we
passed. West Point and the ‘ Narrows,” with their sugges-
tive histories; the numerous cities, towns, and villas, with
their rich surroundings ; the long line of Palisades, with their
cascades from dizzy heights ; and the «§ Empire City,” with
its far-reaching suburbs, steeples and turrets, steamers and
masts, all conduced to awaken pleasure and enthusiasm.
At one P.M. we were received at the « Jersey City” depot
by Col. Frank Howe, Massachusetts agent to provide for
her troops en route. During the collation served, he re-
minded us that we ‘* went forth with no spirit of vindictive-
ness, but to teach the South that the United States was
bounded, on the north by British America, east by the
Atlantic Ocean, south by the Gulf of Mexico and Mexico,
und west by the Pacific Ocean.” Colonel Barnes and others
followed, with fitting remarks, Colonel Lee responding in
behalf of the regiment.
At five p.m. we left Jersey City, reaching Philadelphia at
midnight, where a most sumptuous collation was furnished
us at Cooper’s Volunteer Refreshment Rooms, —a collation
suited to an epicure, and more than appreciated by us.
The id be | f t} Isa THC y gatre T ' ° . :
ea O lese rooms, Says 4OSSINQ, arose 1n this way.
Weinle SOS BTA Ate. on nt ele hee Sees iain: feet
OM COVELL ete ie Nabe 16 hie dss seat EGET! eee let
COOPER'S REFRESHMENT ROOMS. 23
The wife of a mechanic living near the foot of Washington
Avenue, was so affected by the needs of our men passing to
the front, that she went out one morning with a coffee-pot
and cup, and distributed its contents among them. From
this act, was suggested the ‘** Cooper Refreshment Rooms,”
through whose beneficence upward of a million and a quarter
volunteers were bountifully fed. Later, a hospital was estab-
lished as auxiliary to its work, and cared for over twenty
thousand wounded and sick returning from the army. When
information was received of a regiment en route to the city,
a signal gun was fired, bringing a large number of ladies to
the rooms, and whenever the troops arrived, the tables were
loaded with smoking viands suited to the most delicate
tastes.
No inquiry was made as to what State the regiment was
from; it was enough to know they were soldiers of the
Union.
Philadelphia, and the noble women who served us at mid-
night, ‘¢ did themselves proud,” and their loving ‘* God bless
39
you, boys!” met a hearty return from the T'wenty-Seventh.
Monday morning, under darkness and a threatening sky, we
moved across the city, and at six A.M. entered the cars, the
transportation agent remarking that ‘‘no regiment in his
experience had accomplished this with so much order and
decorum. ‘* Why,” said he, ‘*I never knew the like; you
have not a single tipsy man aboard!” If this virtue was a
necessity, it is much to the credit of some one.
On reaching Perryville, at ten a.M., we found several
regiments awaiting transportation. After some delay we
were ordered aboard a train, and moved forward, much to
the chagrin and vexation of those whom we had found there,
who were disposed to treat it as anything buta joke. We
are inclined to think there was a bit of diplomacy used,
which we fortunately enjoyed, as we hastened to Baltimore,
where we arrived at five p.m., and were served with refresh-
TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
ments by the Union Committee. The ominous bullet-holes
were everywhere present in the depot, and we were credited
with being the first regiment passing through the city with
unloaded arms since the unfortunate attack upon the Massa-
chusetts Sixth, April 19, 1861. As soon asa freight train
could be secured, we were forwarded to Annapolis, arriving
there at three a.m., November 5th. where we were quartered
in the Naval School buildings.
At noon of the same day we marched westerly to a plain
a mile distant, and established ‘¢ Camp Springfield.” The
ground was rolling and well suited for its purpose as a ren-
dezvous of troops, and camp of instruction.
the Massachusetts I'wenty-Fifth, Colonel U
ty-First New York, Colonel] Ferrero, alre
Here we found
pton, and the Fif-
ady in camp, and
were soon after joined by the Twenty-Third and Twenty-
Fourth Massachusetts, and Eighth and Tenth Connecticr4
regiments.
The change from Massachusetts to M
Ing the se;
aryland was like mov-
isons backward, and exchanging November for
September. Hardly had the lines been established
men fairly at work pitching their tents, than the
darkies, — uncles, aunties
, with the
ubiquitous
» Shades, quadroons and octoroons,
— bowing, scraping, and scratching, plied us with their hoe-
cakes, fried and sweet-potato pies, banjos and clog-dances,
suspended, and in desperation
they were ordered beyond the lines,
October 23d. Brig. Gen'l Ambrose E. Burnside had been
ordered to organize an expedition, with headquarters at An-
napolis, Md. It was first intended that this
should contend with the batteries on the Potomac River and
other waters of Virginia, and hence it wis composed of
troops from the Atlantic States, as possessing greater nauti-
cal skill and fitness for the experience likely to fall to
them. After the arrival of many of the troops at Annapolis,
and upon further consultation with zeneral McClellan and
until ali work was well-nigh
expedition
FIRST ACTIVE SERVICE.
the War Department, the original plan was given up by Gen-
eral Burnside, as will appear in this history.
tumors prevailing of a contemplated raid by the shapers.
on the Annapolis Branch Railroad, General McClellan
ordered the patrol doubled to the Junction, some twenty
miles distant ; and Company A of the Twenty-Seventh Mas-
sachusetts reported to Colonel Morse of the Twenty-First
Massachusetts Regiment for this duty.
The company was divided into three detachments ;
Lieutenant Spaulding with the first being left about seven
miles; Lieutenant Clark with a second, five miles; and
Captain Vance with the remainder at Anderson's Switch,
two miles, —from Annapolis Junction. It is not given
out that there were any raids or hair-breadth escapes, ex-
cept for certain luckless ‘‘ cullud indiwiduals” returning
from ‘* seein’
Dinah on de nex’ plantation.” These were
several times halted with an exhibition of molar ivory sug-
gestive of discomfiture. The company returned to camp
the l3th, and prided themselves with the honors of the
first active service of the Twenty-Seventh Regiment.
On the 17th of November, Brig. Gen’l Ambrose E.
Burnside, who had been placed in command of the forces
in the vicinity of Annapolis, made his first inspection,
attended by Secretaries Seward and Cameron, with Gov.
John A. Andrew of Massachusetts, and officers of high
rank in the army. On the 27th of November sixteen regi-
ments were present, and were brigaded as follows : —
EFirst Brigade.
rig. Gen’l Jonn G. Foster, Commanding.
Iwenty-Third Massachusetts, Col. John Kurtz.
Twenty-Fourth Massachusetts, Col. Thomas G. Stevenson.
Twenty-Fifth Massachusetts, Col. Edwin Upton.
Twenty-Seventh Massachusetts, Col. Horace C. Lee.
Tenth Connecticut, Col. Charles L. Russell.
26 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Second Brigade.
rig. Gen’l Jesse L. Reno, Commanding.
Twenty- First Massachusetts, Col. Augustus Morse.
Sixth New Hampshire, Col. Nelson Converse.
Fitty-First New York, Col. Edward Ferrero.
Ninth New Jersey, Col. Joseph W. Allen.
Fifty-First Pennsylvania, Col. J. F. Hartranft.
Third B rigade.
Brig. Gen’l Joun G. Parke, Commanding.
Fourth Rhode Island, Col. J. P. Rodman.
Fitth Rhode Island Battalion, M: aj. Job Wright.
Eighth Connecticut, Col. Edward Harland.
Eleventh Connecticut, Col. T. H. ss Kingsbury.
Kighty-Ninth New York, Col. H. . Fairchilds.
Fifty-Third New York, Col. Lionel J. De Epinueil.
Battery F, Capt. Charles Be lger, Rhode Isiand Artillery
consisting of one hundred and fifty-six men, one hindered
and twenty horses, four ten- -pound Parrott guns, and two
twelve-pound field howitzers, constituted ‘a part of the
division.
General Burnside’s staff consisted of Capt. Lewis Rich-
mond, Assistant Adjutant Gener: al; Capt. Herman Biggs,
Division Quartermaster ; Capt. T. C. Slaight, Assistant
Division Quartermaster ; Capt. Charles G. Loring, Assist-
unt Division Quartermaster ; Capt. E. R. Goodrich, Com-
missary of Subsistence: ; Capt. William Cutting, Assistant
Commissary of Babiana Capt. J. J. De Wolf, Assistant
Commissary of Subsistence; Lieut. D. H. Flagler, Ordi-
nance Officer; Lieut. Pigidan C. Pell, Lieut. George Fear-
ing, Aides-de-Camp ; Maj. W. H. Clevrths: Division Surgeon.
General Foster’s staff: Capt. S. Hoffman, Assistant
Adjutant General; Capt. Daniel Messenger, Brigade Quar-
MAJOR-GENERAL BURNSIDE.
termaster; Capt. E. E. Potter, Commissary of Subsistence ;
ai ‘ sé . , : :
Capt. P. se Hudson, Aide-de-Camp ; Lieut. EK. N. Strong,
Lieut. G. N. Pendelton, Lieut. J. F. Anderson, Volunteer
A
Aids.
As we were but indirectly connected with the Second and
Third Brigades, the staffs of these are omitted.
3 : -0sE EvERETT BURNSIDE
Masor-GENERAL AMBROSE EVERETT BURNSIDE,
O yu
is fi n May 23 the fifth
who commanded this force, was born May 238, 1824,
¥
child of Edgehill Burnside, Esq., an attorne
Union County, Ind., who was in direct descent rom Revolu-
tionary heroes, and in early life had moved from South
Carolina to the above place, where he was favored with many
public offices and trusts. His son Ambrose received an
appointment as a cadet at West Point in 1843, faa
he graduated in Artillery July 1, 1847, with a commission as
brevet second lieutenant of Artillery. He was promoted
to second lieutenant of the Third United States Artillery
Sept. 8, 1847, and joined the army in Mexico, but too late
for active service inthe field. On his return he was stationed
at Fort Adams, Newport, R.1., and was subsequently
ordered to New Mexico, where he was connected with
Brage’s famous battery.
Taaving the army in 1853, General Burnside was for a
time puiaeed in the ibe aminbe of fire-arms, which proving
unremunerative, he was found at the opening of the Rebellion
in Chicago, as treasurer of the Illinois Central Railroad.
Accepting the command of the First Rhode Island suena
he was present at the first battle of Bull Run, acting ie
brigadier-general in command of the First Brigade, Secon
Division, and rendered conspicuous service in saving the
routed Union forees. The successful organization and ex-
ploits of the Burnside Expedition were worthy of the man
whose name it bore, and the magnanimity with which he
shared his success with others, was a trait rarely exhibited.
TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
General Burnside was continuously in command of the
Ninth Army Corps, from its organization until the close of
hostilities, save the brief times in which he commanded the
Army of the Potomac, and when temporarily surrendering it
to Major-General Foster, at Knoxville, Tenn. His service
was rendered on the fields of North Carolina and Tennessee,
as well as on the stubbornly contested fields of Virginia and
Maryland.
At the close of the war he was repeatedly chosen governor
of Rhode Island, from which position he was advanced to the
Senate of the United States, and was still holding this hon-
orable position at his death, which occurred at Bristol, R. I.,
Sept. 13, 1881, at fifty-seven years of age. General Burn-
side died at the pinnacle of fame, not worn and laid aside by
service and age, but in the vigorous use of all his powers.
*“ Leaves have their time to fall,
And flowers to wither at the north wind’s breath,
And stars to set, — but all,
Thou hast all seasons for thine own, O Death!”
His heroic patriotism, noble magnanimity, tender sym-
pathy and self-sacrificing spirit, were traits endearing him
alike to his command and his country. His life was clear
and frank as an open book. No suspicion of jealousy of
superiors, or wilful neglect of subordinates ever justly rested
upon him. He was not of stolid mind, able to disregard the
‘
sacrifices and sufferings of the field, for his nature recoiled at
‘arnage, «nd — we say it charitably — this led to a hesitancy
in precipitating contests where it is possible a little more
promptness might have resulted in greater economy of life
and limb. No corps commander had a stronger hold on his
command than General Burnside, and in the hour of exulta-
tion, when receiving the intoxicating applause of a grateful
people, he nobly and magnanimously, as at Cinciinati, re-
minded them, **It is not to me, but to the grand army of
2 ene A ee SRR SNE PRR ear I Ss RR
a2 sn “ pat x =
eee er Se Sy ee
BE SEAT. SG AT IS AE SOIT SNES TSB
MAJOR-GENERAL FOSTER.
noble men in the ranks, and still at the front, you are indebted
for the victories with which you accredit me.” This was not
the ebullition of a moment, but the expression of a perma-
nent conviction to puncture a bubble of hero worship, which
ascribed to a commander all the achievements wrung from
the field of contest by the valor and blood of subaltern and
soldier. Consistent with this, no subordinate, however low
or menial, ever sought redress for wrongs at his hand with-
out a hearing, and such relief as the case demanded. His
large-heartedness was only exeeeded by his bravery and loy-
alty, and though our service under his immediate command
was limited to some seven months, -it was long enough to win
a warm place in our hearts, which will ever be sacred to his
memory.
Masor-GENERAL JOHN GRAY FOSTER,
son of Perley and Mary Gray Foster, was born at Whitefield,
Coos County, New Hampshire, May 27, 1823, He was of
loyal lineage, his father having served during the war of 1812,
in command of the Nashua Artillery, and later as a major in
the State militia. At the age of ten he removed to Nashua,
attending its public schools, and advanced to the Baptist
High School at Hancock, N. H. He subsequently prepared
for West Point Military Academy at Crosby’s High School,
Nashua. By request of Hon. Franklin Pierce, senator, and
Hon. Charles G. Atherton, member of Congress, he was ap-
pointed a cadet and entered West Point June, 1842. Among
his classmates were Generals McClellan, Couch, Gordon,
Oaks, Reno, Stoneman and Sturgis, of the Union army ; and
Stonewall Jackson and Wilcox of the rebel army.* He
* His standing in order of general merit or proficiency in studies, was second in
Infantry tactics, third in Engineering and Artillery, fourth in Ethics, and seventh in
Mineralogy and Geology. He also stood twenty-third in conduct, of two hundred
and thirteen cadets, with only seven demerits, as against two hundred for the lowest
standard given.
30 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
graduated July 1, 1846, fourth in standing, with a commis-
sion of brevet second lieutenant of engineers, United States
Pa)
Army. He was present in many of the engagements during
the Mexican war, and was brevetted first lieutenant for gal-
lant and meritorious conduct at Contreras and Cherubusco.
At the storming of Molino del Rey, Sept. 8, 1847, he was
one of the assaulting column, receiving a severe wound in the
ankle, and for conspicuous service was brevetted captain.
From 1854 to 1857 he was assistant professor of engi-
neering at West Point; and April 28, 1858, was assigned to
the fortifications of North and South Carolina.
The opening of the war found Foster second in command
at Fort Sumter, and for gallantry there, he was promoted to
veneral of volunteers. On arriving north, Gen-
‘
a brigadier-
eral Foster was put in charge of the fortifications of New
York Harbor, and was ordered Oct. 23, 1861, to report to
General Burnside for duty. At Annapolis he was assigned
to the command of the first brigade of the Burnside Expedi-
tion, the success of which was due in no small degree to his
prudence and skill. After the capture of New Berne, N. C.,
he was appointed military governor of that State, and, upon
the departure of General Burnside with most of his troops to
aid General McClellan on the Peninsula, succeeded to the
command of the Department of North Carolina, with the
difficult task of holding our extended lines with a decimated
force. The successful record of the Department of North
Carolina, recorded in this work, is largely due to his pru-
dence, bravery and foresight.
July 16, 1863, General Foster was assigned to the con-
solidated command known as the ‘‘ Department of Vir-
>
ginia and North Carolina,” with headquarters at Fortress
Monroe. In November following he was ordered to the
command of the Department of Ohio, where, with a small
body of men, he pressed through a hostile country to Cum-
berland Gap and Knoxville, Tenn., for the relief of General
MAJOR-GENERAL FOSTER.
Burnside, then under siege at the latter place by Long-
street’s rebel forces. Arriving at Knoxville, Dec. 11,
1863, just after the hasty retreat of the enemy, General
Burnside issued a farewell address to his army, expressing
strong friendship for his successor, and the complete confi-
dence with which he entrusted every interest to his consum-
mate skill and care. An accident, here, caused General Fos-
ter’s Mexican wound to re-open, necessitating a surgical oper-
ation, and by his own request he was relieved by General
Schofield, Jan. 24, 1864. May 26, 1864, he was assigned
to the Department of the South, which position he held
until Feb. 15, 1865, co-operating with General Sherman
in the capture of Savannah and Charleston, and having
the pleasure of wresting from rebel hands the very fort
(Sumter) from which he had been ruthlessly driven on the
opening of hostilities. It was his fortune to hear the first
gun that ushered in the civil war, and when at its close the
news arrived in Florida of the surrender of Lee and John-
son, he was still pressing marauding bands infesting that
State. Upon relief from duty at the South, he was assigned
to the defences of Boston Harbor, where declining health
torced him to apply for a “sick leave.”
After thirty-two years of continuous service he retired to
his home at Nashua, where, suffering some six months as a
consumptive (a disease which had carried off most of his
family), he died Sept. 2, 1874, and was buried with military
and civic honors due his rank and services.
The following indicate his successive promotions : —
Brevet First Lieutenant, Aug. 20, 1847; Brevet Captain,
Sept. 8, 1847; Second Lieutenant, Feb. 28, 1848; First
Lieutenant, Feb. 2, 1854: Captain, July 1, 1860; Brevet
Major, Dec. 26, 1860; Brigadier-General Volunteers, Aug.
21, 1861; Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel United States Army,
Keb. 8, 1862; Brevet Colonel United States Army, March
14, 1862; Major-General of Volunteers, July 18, 1862;
d2 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Major United States Army, March 3, 1863; Brevet Briga-
dier-General United States Army, March 13, 1865; Brevet
Major-General United States Army, March 13, 1865; Lieu-
tenant-Colonel United States Army, March 7, 1867.
Major-General Foster was regarded as one of the most
accomplished, brave and prudent officers in the army, and,
during his long and varied service, never suffered a defeat
on the field. He was endowed with wonderful foresight
and fertility of resource, enabling him to provide for any
emergency, so that his troops never were found in false or
fatal positions. This was in part due to military training,
and in part to a trait asserting itself in all his acts, that what
was worth doing at all was worth doing well. As a result,
whatever field he entered, he became conversant with all]
its features and detail. As engineer on the coast defences
of North and South Carolina, previous to the war, he not
only acquainted himself with the fortifications, but the
topography of the surrounding country, which proved of
inestimable benefit to himself and his country during the
Rebellion. As commander at New Berne he built its fortifi-
cations so well, that though the enemy drove the garrison
several times into the intrenchments, they never dared
assault them. John G. Nicolay, private secretary to Presi-
dent Lincoln, commenting on the bombardment of Fort
Sumter thirty-six hours without the loss of a single: life,
says, ** Captain Foster, the accomplished engineer of the
fort, by many expedients known to military science, had
pushed its defences to a state of relative completeness, with
the limited means within the fort. Most of the embrasures
of the lower tier of casemates were closed. . .. and here
the garrison were securely housed.”
He was in some respects the opposite of General Burn-
side, for while closely allied with, and prudent of his
troops, his education, zeal and loyalty to his work, led him
to ignore contingent results to accomplish his end. His
Stoke ie Nate $4 Re BS kee GER 8) -
MAJOR-GENERAL FOSTER.
nature was more inclined to aggression than defence. By
restless activity with a small force, he was able to inflict
serious losses upon a larger one, and by surprises and
reconnoissances, to hold them constantly on the defensive.
He was a strict disciplinarian; but his genial nature culti-
vated a most cordial relation with subordinates. His wise.
humane, and yet determined course, secured the fear and
respect of both friend and foe. As our brigade or division
commander in thirteen engagements and expeditions, Gen-
eral Foster proved his eminent ability and courage, and it
is safe to say his command would have followed him (he
always led) wherever he went. He was peculiarly the
idol of the Twenty-Seventh Regiment, and his frequent
presence, attended by Mrs. Foster and his staff, at our dress
parades, with frequent souvenirs — not forgetting the fawn
from Mrs. Foster—evinced the high regard in which he
held our organization; and, while disparaging none of our
commanders, he will always hold the highest place in our
esteem.
His remains now rest in the Nashua Cemetery. ‘ if ~ > . +
Post No. 7, Grand Army of the Republic, Nashua, N.H..,
has the honor of bearing his name.
The first Mrs. Foster, so well known and esteemed by us,
died just after the close of the war.
GEN. HORACE C. LEE.
TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Massachusetts V ars =
Of the officers of the organizations composing the Burn- menchlbove: Y pemmtaere: " Sanoney han went 46" Beaune
side Expedition, many rendered conspicuous service, and
for gallantry were promoted to the command of brigades and
divisions, among whom were Colonels Lee, Stevenson, Har-
land, Ferrero, Hartranft, and Lieut. Col. C. A. Heckman.
intending to accept the offer, when the governor informed
him of authority from Washington for raising five additional
regiments in Massachusetts, and of his desire that one of
them should be raised in Western Massachusetts. The com-
mand of such : ‘oanizati ras
nd of such an organization was tendered to Colonel Lee,
GENERAL Horace CLARK LEE
was born in Springfield, Mass., Jan. 31, 1822, and enjoyed
the full educational advantages of that city with academic
privileges at Greenfield, Mass., and East Hartford, Conn.
At the age of twenty he assisted in the formation of, and
enlisted as a private in the Springfield Light Guards, under
the command of Captain, now Colonel J. M. Thompson.
He received successive promotions in the Springfield Guards
and at the time of the expiration of their charter was serv-
ing as a fourth lieutenant. Upon the formation of the pres-
ent Springfield City Guard Company, Lieutenant Lee was
elected captain, and continued as its commander for several
years. In 1854 he was elected as colonel of the Third Reg-
iment Massachusetts Artillery. Under the reorganization of
the State Militia and change of arms, this regiment was
designated the Twelfth Massachusetts Infantry. Colonel
Lee served five years as the commander of the Twelfth Reg-
iment, or as an acting hrigadier-general of the Sixth Brigade,
Third Division, of the Massachusetts Militia, when he re-
signed his commission. On a later reorganization, the
Twelfth Regiment was called the Tenth Massachusetts In-
fantry ; and the six companies constituting that organization
were the nucleus of the Tenth Massachusetts Volunteer
Regiment, which was the first body of meu leaving Western
Massachusetts to aid in suppressing the rebellion. Colonel
Lee was prominently mentioned as a commander for that
regiment.
August 23, 1861, Gov. John A. Andrew offered him
the position of Lieutenant-Colonel in the Twenty-First
and Sept. 3, 1861, written authority was given him to raise
the regiment. His commission as colonel of the Twenty-
Seventh Massachusetts Regiment was dated Sept. 20, 1861.
He was present with his command until July 4, 1862, par-
ticipating in the battles of Roanoke Island and New Berne.
aaa
3 Upon the departure of General Burnside and the reorean-
ization of the forces in North Carolina, Colonel Lee was ap-
pointed an acting brigadier-general, and as such commanded
the Trenton Expedition, and participated in the Tarboro
and Goldsboro expeditions. At Goldsboro, General Lee
and his brigade received honorable mention for vallantry
<
8)
in repulsing General Clingman’s brigade in its charee upon
Belger’s and Morrison’s Batteries. He was recommended by
Major-General Koster asa brigadier-general of volunteers,
but failed of being confirmed because of the excess of such
appointments already given Massachusetts officers. Genera]
Moster then appointed him as provost-marshal general of
North Carolina and subsequently of the Department of Vir-
ginia and North Carolina, which position he held until Jan-
uary, 1864. Colonel Lee served upon commissions and
courts-martial until the following May, when he again took
command of the Twenty-Seventh Regiment, participating in
the battles of Walthal Junction. Arrowfield Church, ‘and
Drewry’s Bluff. At the last of these engagements he was
captured by the enemy, with half of his regiment, and suf-
fered imprisonment at Libby Prison, Richmond, Va., and
Camp Oglethorpe, Macon, Ga. June 10th, Colonel Lee —
with fifty of the highest Union field officers held by the Con-
36 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
federates — was removed from Macon and placed in Charles-
ton. S. C., under fire of the Union guns before that city.
He was exchanged, Aug. 2, 1864, and after a thirty days’
furlough at the North, arrived at Fortress Monroe, Va., in
time to intercept his regiment, then on its way to North
Carolina. By energy and perseverance he secured an order
detaching those whose enlistment was to expire in Septem-
her, 1864, and also instructions for them to report at Spring-
field, Mass., for discharge. Colonel Lee was mustered out
Sept. 27, 1864, and for meritorious service was brevetted a
brigadier-general of volunteers.
In executive ability, General Lee was the peer of any of
his associates; and it was the recognition of his capacity
by his superior officer which kept him so continuously ab-
sent from his regiment. The varied duty to which he has
heen called speaks most effectively of his worth. He was
formerly a dry-goods merchant, but for several years preced-
ing the war had been assessor and collector or clerk and
treasurer of his native city. Since the war he has been four
years in the Custom House of Boston, Mass. He is now
upon his third term as postmaster of Springfield.
Our relations with those with whom we were brigaded
were harmonious; but particularly so with the Twenty-Fifth
Massachusetts, Tenth Connecticut, and Ninth New Jersey
regiments, and with Belger’s Battery. These by service and
valor immortalized their names, and were a source of pride
to their States and strength to those with whom they were
brigaded. The greatest fortitude and endurance were exem-
plified in them, and not asingle act has tarnished their
record.
In January, 1863, we were forced to part with the noble
Tenth by their removal to South Carolina, but all their career
was watched with increasing pride. They were of the first to
enter the rebel capital upon its evacuation. The ‘‘ Jersey
ae an apn a oe men perennation
ll |
TA SET TESTS I Se TET SS
a nr RT CE
ear ea en
OUR BRIGADE RELATIONS.
boys,” though not always brigaded with us, were always in
supporting distance. They were the only regiment from
that State serving near us, and seemed fully imbued with the
Scotchman’s idea, *‘it was not in bulk but in quality ;” and
hence, though serving with three Massachusetts regiments,
they undertook to make up disparity in numbers by superior
valor.
This might have been easier of accomplishment, were it
not for our brothers of the Twenty-Fifth Massachusetts Vol-
unteers, who were the flower of Worcester County. This
regiment was fortunate in the ability and character of both
officers and men, in internal harmony and discipline, and
their cordial relations with others. They were present in
all our principal engagements, save the siege of ‘ Little
Washington,” till January, 1865,— active participants in all
our conflicts, and entitled to a full share in the honors of
our victories. There is no meed of praise we would with-
hold from these organizations mentioned, no exhibition of
courage of which we would not consider them capable
; and,
while jealously guarding the laurels of our own reciment,
we place these regiments as the equal of any, in services or
character.
rr i . . .
These expressions 1n no sense reflect upon other organiza-
tions with which we were at times connected, but with
whom from various causes we were less intimate.
Thanksgiving Day was observed by freedom from military
duty. Friends at home had remembered us liberally «* by
express,” so that we were enabled to enjoy a miniature
feast. To Company D came a well-filled box containing
among other things, a mammoth turkey, with this inspiring
note attached : — «* My patriotism can survive no longer. I
willingly die for the good of my country, and when you
have picked my bones, give three rousing cheers for the
Union and Plainville.” The day closed with wrestling matches,
and with dancing upon ‘‘ company streets,” the fair sex
a8 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
represented by comrades with handkerchiefs tied above the
elbow.
Hardly had the men resigned themselves to sleep ere a
scattering fire of musketry occurred, dispelling the dreams
of home and <‘festive board.” The long roll roused the
‘< slumbering men,” and the voice of officers arose above the
din : — *$ Turn out, Twenty-Seventh ! fall in!! fall in!!!”
The night was pitchy dark, and from its sable mantle came
the sound of bugle, hurried orders, and the marshalling to
arms of other camps. Each formed in line on their ‘‘ parade
oround.” awaiting orders that were to direct them to the
deadly frav ; the darkness charitably hiding blanched cheeks
and trembling knees from malicious eyes.
At lenoth a courier arrives; ‘‘it is a ruse,” ‘‘a false
alarm,” to see how readily the troops could be marshalled
for action; and a sneering guffaw ran along the line as
visions of heroic combat vanished into night. ‘‘ Honors
were easy.” The colonel’s cook appeared, excitedly inquir-
ing, * Which way are you going to retreat? Which way is
Massachusetts ? » While the story went the rounds of one
or two attempting to find knot-holes in the canvas tents
through which to escape. The men went to their quarters
with a noise much resembling the angry hum of a disturbed
hive.
The daily routine of camp was : —
Reveille and roll-cal',
Breakfast,
Guard mounting,
Surgeon’s call,
Company or battalion drill,
Dinner,
Battalion or brigade drill .
Dress parade,
Supper,
Tattoo,
Taps,
THE FIRST DEATH. 39
December 19th, a grand review occurred before General
Burnside, with General McClellan and several eabinet offi-
cers, which occupied the entire day.
The configuration of the ground was such as to present
rising and disappearing lines of glistening bayonets, as the
brigades marched in review, or were engaged in field move-
ments, or the manual of arms. The scene was most animat-
unqualified praise from General McClellan.
We received our first pay Dec. 12, 1861, in gold,
ing, the appearance and evolutions of the troops eliciting
the same being in full to November Ist, of which several
thousand dollars was sent North the next day by Colonel Lee,
who went home on a short leave of absence.
William H. Sheridan of Company H, died of typhoid
fever, November 18th, the first of our long list of deaths in
the country’s defence. The next morning, funeral services
were conducted by Chaplain Sandford. The body, in its
humble white-pine box, was placed in an ambulance, and
the funeral cortege, with reversed arms and mufiled drum.
moved with slow and measured step before the calmp.
“ He died at noon:
.
In the morning came the small platoon,
With muffled drum, to bear him to his rest,
With sods upon his manly breast.
Hark! Tis their fire, his only knell,
More solemn than the passing-bell.
"Tis well, though not a single tear
Laments his fall. The Volunteer!”
Unscathed as yet by the vices of camp, and uncalloused
by the carnage of battle, all hearts were moved. The last
sad rites of earth by military usage, are peculiarly simple and
affecting. ‘The measured, pensive step, the reversed arms,
the squad of one’s own comrades performing the last act of
40 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHI ISETTS REGIMENT.
friendship, the parting salute, all impress the truth with an
unequalled force that,
“Our hearts .
. like muffled drums are beating
Funeral marches to the grave.”’
During November, the health of the regiment was excel-
lent, but in December, measles became epidemic, and there
were three hundred men upon the sick-list, with the follow-
ing deaths :-—
Private FRANKLIN Hotcoms, Southwick, Co. F, December 25.
v6 CHARLES REyNOLD, New Salem, Co. B, December 27.
as Dennis C. Carter, Gill, Co. C, December 27.
v6 Davip Hatey, Williamstown, Co. H, December 28.
Parrick McGowan. Greenwich, Co. B, December 28.
RinaLpo C. Tuorr, South Hadley, Co. A, December 29.
Private Holeomb came to Annapolis at his own expense,
and enlisted against the wishes of his wife. In just five
weeks his lifeless body was sent to her at Westfield.
December 6th, Maj. William M. Brown resigned his
commission, followed, Jan. 1, 1862, by Capt. Lucius F.
Thayer of Company F, the latter resigning on account of
the serious and continued illness of Mrs. Thayer.
The following promotions were accordingly announced :—
Capt. Walter G. Bartholomew, Major, vice Brown, resigned.
First Lieut. Charles D. Sanford, Capt., vice Bartholomew, pro-
moted.
Second Lieut. W. H. H. Briggs, First Lieut., vice Sandford, pro-
moted.
Serot. Maj. H. C. Dwight, Second Lieut.,
moted.
First Lieut. John W. Moore, Capt., vice Thayer, resigned.
Second Lieut. James H. Fowler, First Lieut., vice Moore, pro-
moted.
First Seret. Pliny Wood, Second Lieut., vice Fowler, promoted.
Private Ira B. Sampson, Sergt. Major, vice Dwight, promoted.
EMBARKING AT ANNAPOLIS. 4]
The large increase of sick required additional accommo-
dations, and St. John’s College, Annapolis, was opened for
that purpose. Surgeons Otis and Camp were assiduous in
attention to the invalids, and the question, which for a time
existed, as to our being able to accompany the expedition,
was decided affirmatively bya large reduction from the sick-
list at the opening of the new year.
The following comrades died previous to or just after our
departure :
» HE REY ye cei: ee PORE ERI
Private Atvin E. Srevens, Montague, Company C, Jan. 3, 1862
> te ré el . . - —— ig > ’ - .
Private Luman Anprus, Westfield. Company F, Jan 4, 1862
oe
Private Exixtiorr P. Ferry. Granby, Company D, Jan. 5, 1862
“se
| is . r a | Y . ' r
Private Wittram K. Frace, Westfield, Company K, Jan. 9,
1862.
Private Lester H. Qu -Y, Beck ) :
, 4ESTER H. QUIGLEY, Becket, Company H, Jan. 12, 1862.
Pat ain Ou Rimes Ot ak a isk : ’
Private Prerer F. Baker, Leyden, Company C, Feb. 4, 1862.
b
Jan. 4, 1862, orders were received to cook three days’
rations, and to be prepared to embark upon Bduday.
the 6th. The weather was pinching cold, with snow
non upon the 5th-was increased to four inches in depth.
Uhe storm of the last date was one of those sticky, wet. un-
comfortable snows so common at the South, and which
makes one long for one of New Kngland’s ‘* regular nor’east-
ers” as a substitute. |
On the morning of January 6th orders were given to pack
knapsacks, strike tents, and be ready to move at half-past
eleven; but owing to the crowded condition of the Navy
Yard —at which point the troops were embarking — it was
late in the day before the orders to move were received.
A little before noon the Twenty-Fifth Massachusetts
marched by, halting long enough to fire three salutes before
our camp. About four p.m., with three rousing cheers and
a tiger, we bade adieu to Camp Springfield, our tramp
.
through Annapolis being enlivened by ‘* Lee’s March,” an
42 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
original piece by our band, and so named in honor of our
Colonel. At the Navy Yard we stacked arms, standing
about in the freezing slush until ten p.M., when the right
wing of the T'wenty-Seventh Massachusetts went aboard the
steamer ‘*‘ Ranger,” and the left wing were permitted to go
within one of the naval buildings. There was no time in
our military experience when we suffered so much from the
inclemency of the weather, as during the snow-squalls which
prevailed while standing in line upon Camp Springfield, or
while waiting at the Navy Yard in the freezing slush and
.
cutting. winds of the evening.
At three o’clock, the morning of the 7th, the left wing of
our regiment was aroused, and taken by tugs and row-boats
to the barque ‘* Guerrilla,” the latter being anchored some
distance from the docks. While Capt. H. K. Cooley and
Lieut. W. C. Hunt, with twenty-one members of our regi-
ment, were being transported in a small boat to the ‘* Guer-
rilla,” they were run down by the stern-wheel steamer
‘¢ Union,”
waters of the Chesapeake. The night was dark, but with
crushing their boat, and plunging all into the icy
prompt assistance, all were rescued except Private James
M. Hamlin of Company E, Great Barrington, and Michael
Cavanaugh, of Company F, Granville. Most of the rescued
were insensible; Captain Cooley and two others remaining
so. more than two hours; but all were rallied without fur-
ther serious results.
THE BURNSIDE EXPEDITION,
CHAPTER III.
THE BURNSIDE EXPEDITION.
Tus expedition consisted of fifteen regiments of infantry,
one battery, Howard’s Marine Artillery or Naval Brigade,
and a squadron of naval vessels. The fleet to transport the
troops and supplies comprised eleven steamers, nine armed
propellers, five barques, one brig, and twenty troop and sup-
ply schooners. The navy was composed of eighteen steamers
and two sloops, a total in the expedition of sixty-six vessels.
The naval armament under Commodore Goldsborough con-
sisted of fifty-four guns, from an eight-inch Columbiad to a
one hundred pound Parrott, rifled. Howard’s Marine Artil-
lery had fifty pieces suitable for field use, and, with Beleer’s
) x ” 3 ae by r Bb ae “ » . rym
Battery, gave fifty-six cuns for land service. The streneth
of the expedition, then, was one hundred and ten guns, and
about fifteen thousand infantry.
The troops were embarked as follows : —
First Brigade.
Brig. Gen’l J. G. Foster, Commanding.
Flag-ship, ‘‘ New Brunswick.”
wenty-Seventh Mass. Vol. Regt., propeller ‘‘ Ranger” and
barque ‘* Guerrilla.”
lwenty-Fifth Mass. Vol. Regt., steamer ‘‘ New York,” propeller
*¢ Zouave.”
lwenty-Fourth Mass, Vol. Regt., steamer ‘* Guide” and propel-
ler ** Vidette.”
44 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Twenty-Third Mass. Vol. Regt., propeller ‘‘ Hussar”
schooner ‘* Highlander.”
Tenth Conn. Vol. Regt., steamer ‘‘ New Brunswick”
schooner ** Farrington.”
Second Brigade.
Brig. Gen’l Jesse L. Reno, Commanding.
or,
‘*Flag-ship, Northerner.”’
Twenty-First Mass. Vol. Regt., steamer ‘‘ Northerner.”
Fifty-First N. Y. Vol. Regt., propeller ‘‘ Lancer” and propeller
‘¢ Pioneer.”
Fifty-First Penn. Vol. Regt., steamer ‘‘ Cossack” and schooner
‘¢ Scout.”
Ninth N. J. Vol. Regt., ship *‘ Ann E. Thompson” and brig
** Dragoon.”
Sixth N. H. Vol. Regt., steamer ‘** Louisiana.”
Third Brigade.
Brig. Gen’l John G. Parke, Commanding.
Flay-ship, ‘‘ Eastern Queen.”
Fourth R I. Vol. Regt., steamer ‘* Eastern Queen.”
Fifth R. I. Vol. Regt., ship ‘* Kitty Simpson.”
Eighth Conn. Vol. Regt., propeller ‘* Chasseur”
‘¢H. D. Boardman.”
Eleventh Conn. Vol. Regt., propeller ‘+ Sentinel”
‘+ Voltigeur.”
Fifty-Thirc N. Y. Vol. Regt., barque ‘‘ John Trucks.”
Eighty-Ninth N. Y. Vol. Regt., ship ‘* Aracan.”
and barque
and barque
The naval fleet consisted of the following vessels, com-
manded by Flag Officer L. M. Goldsborough : —
Flag-ship ‘* Southfield,” Capt. Behan, 3 guns.
‘¢ Delaware,” Commodore Rowan, Capt. 8. P. Quackenbush, 95
runs.
‘¢ Stars and Stripes,” Lieut. commanding, Reed Werden, 7 guns.
THE RANGER AND GUERRILLA.
‘¢ Louisiana,” Lieut. commanding, F. K. Murray, 5 guns.
‘‘Hetzel,” Lieut. commanding, H. K. Davenport, 5 guns.
‘*Commodore Perry,” Lieut. commanding, Charles H. Flusser,
ouns.
‘¢ Underwriter,” Lieut. commanding, W. N. Jeffers, 2 guns.
‘* Valley City,” Lieut. commanding, J. C. Chaplin, 5 guns.
‘*Commodore Barney,” Acting Lieut. R. D. Renshaw, 2 guns.
‘¢ Hunchback,” Acting Lieut. E. R. Calhoun, 4 guns.
‘* Ceres,” Acting Master S. A. McDermaid, 2 guns.
‘* Putnam,” Acting Master W. J. Hotchkiss, 2 guns.
‘* Morse,” Acting Master Peter Hayes, 2 guns.
‘*Tsckwood, Acting Master G. L. Graves, 2 guns.
‘* Seymour,” Acting Master F. S. Wells, 2 guns.
‘* Brinker,” Acting Master John E. Giddings, 1 gun.
‘* Whitehead,” Acting Master Charles A. French, 1 gun.
‘* Shawsheen,” Acting Master T. G. Haywood, 2 guns.
Sloop ‘‘ Granite,” Acting Master Ephraim Bomen, 1 gun.
‘* Jenny Lind,” ———— ———-, 1 gun.
The armament of the fleet was committed to Norman
Wiard, Esq., inventor of the Wiard gun, and, with the ex-
ception of six long thirty-twos, was composed of rifled
«
pieces, with a range of from one and a half to two und one-
half miles.
Ihe steamer ‘‘ Ranger,” containing the right wing of the
¢)
regiment, was a screw propeller, drawing seven feet of
water, with three decks for the accommodation of troops. It
had been used in coastwise trade, and, after purchase by the
government, was armed with two thirty-pound Parrotts,
rifled, four twelve-pound Wiards, and one twelve-pound
howitzer. Like many others of its kind in the fleet it was
totally unfit for the service intended, and should have been
sent to sea with the guilty party who purchased it for the
government.
The barque ‘* Guerrilla” was formerly the slaver ‘‘ Mary
Jane Kimball,” and was captured after an exciting race of
two days, with five hundred slaves aboard. It was a staunch
46 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
vessel, with two decks and a hold for the use of troops, and
was a satisfactory exchange for our canvas tents. Both of
these vessels were fitted with temporary berths, suitable for
our accommodation, but were deficient in light and ven-
tilation.
They were filled to their utmost capacity, the only
chance for exercise being a stroll on deck; yet to these
accommodations, we were destined to be limited nearly
two months and a half, before effecting such a footing on
the sacred soil, as to be able to dispense with them.
The 7th and 8th were occupied in completing the equip-
ment and embarkation of the expedition. At 6.30, on the
morning of the 9th, the signal for sailing broke on the
morning air, from Gen’! Burnside’s flag-ship, ‘* Pickett,” and
by seven o’clock, the first brigade was well under way, the
‘¢ Guerrilla” in tow by the ‘*‘ Ranger.” During the after-
noon, David H. Steele, of Annapolis, who had enlisted in
our band, in a fit of insanity threw himself overboard, but
was rescued, the cooling waters inspiring him with a
remarkable degree of gratitude for his preservation. Sun-
down found us off the mouth of the Potomac, with a heavy
rain and fog upon the bay, causing the fleet to anchor about
eleven P.M., near the mouth of the Rappahannock. By
this we were delayed until three p.m., the 10th, when the
fog lifted sufficiently to enable us to reach Fortress Monroe
at nine o'clock that evening.
The scene the morning of the 11th was full of activity
and inspiration. Upon the starboard lay the fortress
with its frowning armament; eastward the frigates ‘* Minne-
sota,” ** Cumberland,” *‘ Roanoke,” and ‘‘ Congress ;” south-
ward the Rip-raps; and five miles beyond, Sewall’s Point,
where vauntingly floated the rebel flag. The waters adjacent
2?
were covered with a forest of masts, while ‘ tugs” and
‘¢ sails” were darting here and there, with orders to the fleet.
’
The ponderous ‘‘ Union” gun, with its yawning mouth,
CAPE HATTERAS. 47
stood as a faithful guardian near us; while from Sewall’s
Point deep reverberations greeted the ear, as though chal-
lenging us to combat, or warning of the reception which
awaited us beyond that forbidden line. Sealed orders were
delivered, with instructions ‘* Not to be opened until beyond
Cape Henry.”
At 10 p.m. the signal to sail was given, and by midnight
we were off the Cape. Our sealed orders read: ‘* When
off Cape Hatteras, throw overboard ballast, and run into
the inlet.”
Sunday, the 12th, we followed the sand-hill coast of North
Carolina, a chopping sea inducing considerable sea-sickness.
About eight o’clock the 13th, a dark murky line appeared
along the northern horizon, causing a hurried reefing and
‘
securing of salls, and soon after we were struck by a vale
which parted our ‘*‘ hawser” with the <: Ranger.” ‘* Hoist-
ing the jib,” the ‘* Guerrilla” was soon bounding over the
billows, and in compiny with the ‘* Ranger” rounded
Cape Hatteras about two p.m. The sea, now lashed to
intense fury, was breaking heavily over the decks, the roar
of the breakers and howling of the tempest warning us of
danger in either attempting to thread the fickle channel by
which the inlet was reached, or of anchoring there until its
fury had subsided. The ‘* Ranger” was pitching and tum-
bling like a porpoise, and there was no choice for them ; they
must enter or be lost. The captain was thoroughly incompe-
tent for his position, and more frightened than his crew.
Lieut. Col. Lyman being in command of the steamer
by virtue of his rank, secured the services of the engineer,
who proved to be a man of experience and nerve, and
through him a favoring Providence granted them a safe
entrance to the inlet. A barge in tow by the ‘‘ Ranger”
containing the camp equipage and hospital supplies of the
Lwenty-Seventh Regiment foundered and was lost.
The steamer ‘‘ City of New York,” in attempting to enter
TROUBLES AT HATTERAS. AY
43 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
ended during the night of the 14th ina grand chorus of
; -“*ITO i a ras a /O al »y* « 7-21 . rn ‘ > “ >
the inlet,ran upon a bar, and in twelve hours was a tot thunder and rain, but it was late in the
; , 5. c
afternoon of the
lertook with double anchors and full chains to weather Sa ee ee galas pe aes
undertook Ba
megs rere unable to
the gale ; but many others put oul to sea, and were una
T Yuerrilla.” with fourteen other vessels,
wreck. The barque ‘* Guerrilla,” with fourte
received one-
half the troops from the barque, and the steamer « ]
ent” followed, towing the ‘ Guerrilla” into the inlet,
the latter at anchor near Fort Hatteras.
-awtux-
return until a week later.
The morning of the 14th found those outside bse gage
dering, the fury of the storm incr ased, win . ae nhs
flags Union down, the signal of distress. The Ftd -
was one of them, being without water, and dragging ah
Gen’l Burnside saw our signal of distress, but no one coulc
venture out of the inlet in that storm. His steamer, ae
was out of water, and nothing, even to whiskey, to quench
leaving
The waters were strewed with wreck. and
| wild rumors
were rife as to the extent of our disaster. After a week’s
delay it proved to be five vessels with supphes lost, and
eight disabled. The l6th, while Colonel Allen and Surgeon
Weller of the Ninth New Jersey were attempting to reach
the wreck of the steamer < City of New York,” their boat
: a saat sen. As Was capsized anc ey were drowned.
thirst, the supply vessels having been driven to sea is capsized and they were drowned
as far as » eye could
night was closing upon the scene, as far as the eye
=
—
reach the waves were rolling at dizzy height, and ¢ i 8
itl ? ack, angry clouds swept by, dip-
with spray and foam. Black, angry cl seen
ping their edges in the surging waves, and the masts creake
To Gen’l Burnside’s task of reorganizing his shattered
fleet was added the peril of a water famine. Schooners
were despatched from Fortress Monroe laden with water
during rains the decks were covered with rubber
>| ; ‘
. 4 alti ‘ cate sf ous treasure.
1 eroaned as the vessels careened before the gale. Gen’ itch the aqueous treasure
and QrOaneda ai , “eee
, and
blankets to
Even these expedients furnished
se ae Ps, RY: but a small part of the uantit
: . > wreck et, exclaiming, a Atk pt / GUuantl 5
Jurnside cast his eye ove! the wreck of his flee 0
‘ = , > ‘ . ° . » » } ‘ ; \yY « ? :
This is terrible! when will it cease? what will my poot irticle of bartey and sale.
era : | i . , 1a j ae . x . ‘
io?” But with an invincible faith he rose above the Lieut. M. H. Spaulding of Com
men do: ) A os fil
4 ~ s one
discouraging surroundings, saying, ‘‘ The sun 1s not g
as, is « st! We. ar y so many
out, though the sky is overcast! We are only so o \
? — bad e . . 1 x ? ‘ : 0 :
atoms working out the will of the Almighty, and somehow
‘needed, and water became an
any A was placed in
charge of this important matter, and to him and his e
rew is
due our exemption from suffering experienced by
others.
though, with all his care, our men were reduced to the
ill t of this calamity.” | allowance of a pint and a half of water each per day.
vood will come out o S cal v | "
‘ For nearly two days, with closed and battened hatches, the is
| : . iy a
. 4 Wi 2 = ‘ ITA 2 Yen : t u on the éé (czuer- t Y: f eet
left wing of the Twenty-Seventh Regimen po ee
rilla.” had been confined in the close and stifling air below.
c 5 < *
The vessels of the havy were stationed as a cordon around
at distances varying from two to five miles from our
anchorage, and from their exposed service were obliged
ie Scr to keep up steam at all times. These gunboats were fur-
The consequences can be better imagined than de scribed ; ‘cep up steam at all times. These gunboats were fur
ates : ; ats a.) : Ba! a se LAad 1S ) ry 6é : . ‘Ara ”
isserting that nothing but the size of their army shoes nished with ** condensers
many asserting that 5
‘which were run night and day, to
ae —hnt Bae . One of our
prevented them from turning wrong side out
which Lieut. Spaulding repaired each morning, and by an
early call was able to collect as high as twenty-four barrels
per trip. "Rough or smooth, ‘ainy or windy, the urgency ot
a supply of water was so imperative as to admit of no cessa-
: 4 strono desire for an interview with the
officers expressed a strong desire ’ Andere
author of ‘* A life on the ocean wave,” and if under if
” : . a a A oa - a wc C
circumstances the poet could not justify his muse, he wou
W < fh " a: r - :
; Sets ae Ry saception. The storm
choke him for such an outrageous decey
50 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
tion of effort; and Lieut. Spaulding with his crew are
worthy of honorable mention for the inestimable service here
rendered. We were inthe anom: alous position of constant
danger from
‘‘ Water, water, everywhere,
But not a drop to drink.”
All was bustle and activity around the inlet. Officers
bearing orders were darting in ois among the flotilla.
Steamers and tugs were hastening from point to point, aid-
ing vesse Js stranded on the ‘‘swash,” or bearing troops to
them at their anchorage within the sound. ‘The navy occu-
pied the day in practice, forming in line of battle, and dis-
charging broadsides, or moving in oi by division. ‘The
various vessels discourse .d their choicest selec-
bands on the Vv
to us with a
tions, which, wafted over the waters, came
rich, subdued, and_ perfect harmony. Mails neither-arrived
nor departed, and scraps of newspaper were read with an
avidity worthy the choicest authors. The inertia of confine-
ment was relieved by games, with the simple purpose of
‘killing time.” Cards and checkers were the stnandard
vames, and any scruples as to the use of them disappeared
under the mental famine existing.
Sunday, January 19th, the ‘left wing” removed to the
‘¢ Recruit,” the ‘* Guerrilla” being uni able to cross
schooner
» he ss Recruit” had been used as a °* hospital
the ‘* swash.
for the fleet, and from this cause was unfit for
transport”
‘snwash” referred to, was a
the purpose assigned. The
bar of sand separating the inlet harbor from the
shifting
It could be crossed at high
nav igable waters of the sound.
ticle only, and then by vessels of nine feet draught or under.
The 20th, the steamer ‘* Pilot Boy,” — now Ge n’l Foster's
flag-ship — took the left wing of the Twenty -Seventh aboard,
and erossed the ‘* swash,” awaiting the schooner ‘* Recruit”
which,
when ligh ‘ened, was taken in tow by the steamer
‘+ Pickett,” to be brought over. Unfortunately the schooner
UNPLEASANT DISCOVERY. »1
grounded, and the left wing was forced to remain on board
the ‘* Pilot Boy,” without rations or protection, until the
next day, when Lieut. Spaulding and his crew appeared
with some raw pork and hard-tack, the former being Fe
by the hungry men without a suspicion that it ‘ia wnoankad
During the night there were sundry culinary supplies Pe
ered abvard the ‘* Pilot Boy,” but the next day, when the
steward wanted them for Gen’l Foster's use, there was iy
Ing to be ‘Wat The General good-naturedly retorted,
the twenty-Seventh made as clean work of the enemy as 7
his supplies, it would be a sorry day for the Rebellion when
$9
they were let loose. The ‘‘ Ranger,” with the right wing,
passed the “swash” the 22d inst. without incident. |
Our discomforts were enhanced by finding the vessel filled
with vermin, in army vernacular known is ‘¢ oraybacks,”
disreputably as ‘* body lice.” Disregarding fats or latins
they invaded cabin and hold, and proved a most didicul foe
to contend with, the most skilful skirmishing failing to ie
lodge them. When first discovered, entire 1 iene po re
thrown overboard, only to find the new suit soon us lively .
the old. During sunny hours, the decks were covered dei
men, a la Turk, en déshabille, with clothes turned wrone
side ont, and each one busily skirmishing with the ean:
ders. Undress was substituted for ‘* dress parade” and
many a guffaw elicited by the spans and tandem teams a
provised. Washing of clothes was out of question, as we
nad no changes, or water with which to wash. -
Chus situated we were disgusted with our filthiness, and
anxiously awaited deliverance. ow:
7 While anchored at the inlet, a detail from the Twenty-
Seventh Regiment was made under Capt. Moore, for laying
pen ions. As they were engaged in the work, the ouiiiit
a Union, ‘— familiarly known as the ‘‘ Wheelbarrow,” from
having a stern wheel, — was backing around in their vicinity
when it unfortunately wrecked Capt. Moore, his crew sie
a2 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIM ENT.
boat, by drawing them under. This steamer seemed to
spite the Twenty-Seventh Regiment, it being the same one
which swamped Capt. Cooley and his crew at Annapolis, Md.
The tide was going out strong, anid as the men had on their
heavy coats it was no easy matter to get from under the flat
bottomed hulk. Fortunately they were near the shore, and
with prompt assistance all were rescued. While the captain
was still submerged, Jones, a tall six-footer who happened to
he on shore, exclaimed, ‘‘ I declare, captain’s watch will be
spoilt in that salt water!” The captain was saved, but it
was some time before Jones heard the last of the watch.
Everything now betokened an early movement, but Gen'l
Burnside had as yet imperfect knowledge of the enemy’s
forces and position, till, fortunately, about the last of Jan-
uary, a schooner was seen bearing towards our fleet, which
when overhauled by our navy, proved to be from Roanoke
Island, laden with wood, and with three contrabands aboard.
One of them proved an intelligent man, knowing the
enemy’s force and position, with the location and armaments
of all their forts. From his information the plan of
attack at Roanoke was arranged, and his services were
secured as a guide for our forces in the movement.
February 3d, Gen’! Burnside issued the following order : —
HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF NorRTH CAROLINA,
PAMLICO SounpD, Feb. 3, 1862.
GENERAL ORDER, No. 5.
This expedition being about to land on the soil of North Caro-
lina. the General commanding, desires his soldiers to remember
that they are here to support the constitution and the laws, to put
down rebellion, and to protect the persons and property of the
loyal and peaceable citizens of the State. Onthe march of the
all unnecessary injury to houses, barns, fences, and other
army
will be carefully avoided, and in all cases the law of Civ-
property
‘lized warfare will be strictly observed.
Wounded soldiers will be treated with care and attention, and
neither they nor prisoners must be annoyed by word or act.
ORDER NUMBER FOUR.
W itl » fullest confi i
1 the fullest confidence in the valor and character of his
troops, the Gener: :
ps, the General commanding looks forward to a speedy and
x cane 3 ; . : ra Pi CeCe < lt
successful termination of the campaign ;
Din > < . 4 . 3
By command of Brigadier General.
ase | A. E. Burysipr.
4EWIS RICHMOND, Asst. Adj. Gen’l.
©
Che next day the following order was promulgated : —
HEADQUARTERS GEN’L FosTerR’s BRIGADE
STEAMER “ Priot Boy,”
DEPARTMENT OF Nortu C
| }PARTME! * NORTH CAROL “eb. + 36:
GENERAL ORDER, No. 4. ereniluleg ts, ak
ry. : is . e
lhe vessels of this brigade will be prepared, with hawsers out to
their { To ‘Tor . io ? : ! 2 3 |
: cir tows, to start at eight o’clock, a.m., to-morrow. or chains
Love g ‘ : ‘ ? _¢ . chi :
short, etc., and will leave the anchorage for Roanok
1orage for Roanoke Island
at the following sional: Tnt
. ‘ onal: = J ‘ riz ‘ : : a . . °
a = Union Jac K al fore with the division
~ Pn
~“~
flag underneath (or brigade flag underneath, in case of bricade si
nal), : rine a0 4 2
), and American flag at the stern, and will sail in the following
order : r
No. 1, ** Pilot Boy.”
No. 2, steamer ‘* N F P
No. 2, steame} New oi ing s i
gig . v York towing schooners ‘* Highlander.”
Skirmisher,” and ‘*S. P. Bailey.” , }
No. 3, stes , ' A
NO. 3, Steamer ‘**‘ New Br rick ”’ ring’
Uiplbaesgocrrncagt Brunswick ” towing schooners ‘“‘ Recruit ”
an K. W. Farrington.”
No. 4, ste: ' ruide,”
NO, steamer ‘* : ‘ing
, er *‘ Guide,” towing schooners ‘‘Sea Bird”
Emma.” Bat
++
No. a, propeller vig Hussar.”
No. 6, propeller ‘* Ranger.”
No. 7, ** Vidette.”
After r ing the sh
tel rounding the shoal and entering the sound, the vessels will
orm in two lines, the first line beine steamers “ New Y
+ Y 2 . aie . 99 vier
New Brunswick.” and ‘“< Guide,.”’ with
being the propellers ‘* Hussar.” «é asia : een we Gu >a
vine gon for anchoring will be tlie Ameriean flag es the fore
veasels of each brigade close to each other. If in a hoc: bien ene
wis from the flag-ships, repeated at intervals of one minute The
signal will be repeated by the flag-ship of each brigade. | |
A guar te f
guard of ten men, under command of a commissioned or non-
54 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
commissioned officer, to include convalescent, commission or extra-
duty men of all kinds, must be left on each vessel, with the follow-
ing strict injunctions, viz. : —
Not to allow a vessel to be moved from its anchor
of collision, or order of
age unless
necessitated by stress of weather, danger
brigade commander ; and to defend the ship against all attacks ;
and to preserve order and military discipline on board.
On landing on the beach, the regiments of this brigade will form
according to their numbers, from right to left, in line of battle.
One field officer —the colonel preferred — will land with the first
de‘achment from his regiment. In case of stranding or distress,
the signal will be the American flag, Union down. At the signal
the whole fleet will slacken speed and look for the signal to anchor.
‘¢ Pilot Boy,” ‘‘ Phoenix,” and ‘* Pawtuxent,” and all
The steamers
assistance of the disabled ves-
the tugs, will be sent at once to the
sel by the commander of each brigade.
fficers will enjoin upon their commands, that under
Commanding o
* their arms
no circumstances are they to throw off, or away, any of
or equipments.
Light marching order will be understood to mean wit
the latter to be slung, or worn at the
hout blank-
ets, and with overcoats,
option of the commanding officer.
Forty rounds of ball cartridges will be dealt out to each man
when the fleet is fairly under way.
The guns, with cannoniers, ammunition, and all necessary ap-
purtenances, will be landed with the first detachment from each
vessel.
By order of Brig. Gen’,
J. G. Fostrrer.
SoutHarRD HorrMan, Asst. Adj. Gen’l.
At the appointed hour, the 5th of February, with military
the places assigned, and
precision, the vessels moved in
sighte
in de
during our twenty-three days’ stay at that place, only one
had proved sunny and pleasant. If ever our country in
paroxysm of wrath, should desire a penal colony for the pun-
.d the mainland about one o’clock p.m. The day was
lichtful contrast with those of stormy Hatteras, for
THE FLEET UNDER WAY.
ishment of criminals, — some Siberia or Botany Bay, where
the roar of waters from headlong heights howl and hiss in
endless torture, — there is no place on the globe better fitted
for it than Hatteras. Here the elements pene at constant war
and the sun.seldom shines. The wail of winds and SRE TES:
battle of waves against the strands, would be constant be:
minders of the nation’s anathemas against crime. Let the
bandits of treason and raving Guiteaus be banished to this
strand; let them be restricted to a range of twenty miles
north and south of this windy gorge, and there, for the nite
of their lives, dig clams and fight mosquitoes; and injured
justice would be amply satisfied. |
Our fleet now in motion, and the inertia of idleness broken
we awaited the future with high anticipations. During the
day we basked in the sun, or climbed the rigging to bina the
shores now closing in upon either side. At eight o'clock we
anchored for the night about fifteen miles from Roanoke
Marsh Light. Under a threatening sky we resumed our
voyage the morning of the 6th, but a heavy rain and fog
again forced us to anchor. In the afternoon the troops antin
the armed propellers were moved to other vessels, Company
D of the Twenty-Seventh remaining on board the « Ban ealie
to man its guns. This company, while at Hatteras, had oer
drilled in the artillery service by Lieut. Dennison, the arma-
ment of the ‘* Ranger” furnishing needed material and
opportunity.
Che dawn of the 7th revealed a clear sky, and after
months of preparation and vexatious delay, we at last saw
the day so anxiously looked for, a day which compensated
for all the past by its clorious opportunities.
At nine o’clock the fleet was signalled under way, and each
vessel speedily took its place in line. Quietly, erandly, it
moved forward in double column, not a breath or sound
stirring the morning air, while the majestic fleet of fifty-five
vessels, in exactness of detail, was reproduced in the trans-
56 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
yarent waters of the sound. The morn, the fleet, the men,
seemed inspired with victory, and moved forward, with the
battle half won by their fearless and invincible spirit. It
was such a sight as had never before disturbed the tranquil
waters of America.
Entering Croatan Sound by an inlet scarcely two hundred
yards wide. and close to the mainland, which is here a bogs r
vieserele. we sighted Roanoke Island about five miles distant.
This island i about fifteen miles long, and some six miles
wide, and is made up of chaparral swamps and forests, with
1» small amount of arable land at its northern end. It was
settled by an English colony under Ralph Lane as early as
1586, but subsequently all trace of the colony was lost, — the
only further record of them being a tradition of the Hat-
teras Indians about 1700, that ‘‘ some of our tribe were for-
merly pale men, and could talk in a book as you do.” Near
the north end and just in the rear of the place of our biv-
ouac the night of February 8th, is the site ofta small tort
constructed by these colonists. Its outlines are yet quite
distinct, though broken and trenched upon by trees of consid-
erable size, and buried in the surrounding forest. The island
contains population of six hundred, and gave only two
votes in favor of the ordinance of secession. It is separated
from the mainland by a body of water three and a half miles
wide. known as Croatan Sound; and from the sand-banks
of Nae’s Head, along the Atlantic, by Roanoke Sound,
a body of water about two miles wide, but so shallow as
to be unnavigable save for crafts of very light draught.
The strategic value of the position was its safety as a base
of operations ; its control of the Albemarle Sound and its
‘mmense water-courses; and the fact that from thence a
small force could easily penetrate the State in many direc-
tions, necessitating a considerable force at each of the
threatened points to insure safety.
Its defences consisted of Fort Bartow, below the blockade,
DEFENCES OF ROANOKE ISLAND. 57
with eight thirty-two pounders (smooth), and one one- hun-
dred pounder rifled gun; three guns were mounted en bar-
bette, and the remainder in embrasures. This fort was garri-
soned by a battalion of the Seventeenth North Carolina,
under Maj. G. H. Hill. About half a mile above was a
blockade of pile and sunken vessels, extending from the island
across Croatan Sound to Redstone Point on the mainland,
at which place was Robb’s Fishing Battery, mounting six
guns, thirty-twos, in embrasure.
To protect the blockade was Fort Blanchard, situated a
mile and a half above on the island, and mounting four thirty-
twos, en barbette. Half a mile further north, at Weir’s Point,
was Fort Huger, the main defence of Croatan Channel. The
armament of this fort consisted of two one-hundred pound-
ers, rifled, en barbette, and ten thirty-two pounders, smooth
bore, in embrasure; and was by far the most formidable
work on the island. In addition to these hatteries in de-
fence of the sound, were the rebel steamers ‘ Sea Bird,”
‘* Beaufort,” ** Forrest,” «* Curlew,” << Powhattan,” «* Ellis,”
‘« Emily ” and ‘* Fanny,” two guns each ; and the ** Raleigh”
and ‘* Cora,” one gun each ;—a naval fleet of ten vessels,
mounting eighteen guns, five of which were rifled. The
island’s interior defences consisted of Fort Defiance and an
entrenched camp supported by the following organizations :—
Eighth Regiment North Carolina Inf’y, Col. H. M. Shaw.
Seventeenth Regiment North Carolina Inf’y, Maj. G. H. Hill.
Thirty-first Regiment North Carolina Inf’y, Col. L. V. Jordan.
Fifty-ninth Regiment Virginia Inf’y, alias ** Wise Legion,” alias
‘* Richmond Blues,” Col. Anderson.
The whole was under the command of Henry A. Wise, a
former governor of Virginia, and the official executioner of
John Brown.
Entering Croatan Sound, the water defences, as described,
lay before us, with the rebel fleet moving along under cover
58 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
of their forts. As our navy advanced, Commodore Golds-
r
e/
borough hoisted from the ‘* Southfield ” the memorable
—
words of Nelson at the battle of Trafalgar, ‘*‘ Our country
expects every man to do his duty” to-day! The steamer
‘¢ Underwriter” had the advance, and at 11.45 a.m., a shot
from her eighty-pounder rifled gun, followed by others from
the «« Southfield,” opened the sanguinary conflict. Ten min-
utes later our fleet had reached close range of Fort Bartow,
and two euns from her armament responded to our attack.
The transports, laden with troops, anchored in the main-
land channel in full view, but three miles distant from the
conflict. As soon as the first gun announced the opening of
the contest, there was a scramble for spars, riggings, bow-
sprits and masts, or any elevated place where a hold could
be obtained; and every vessel, from deck to highest peak,
was covered with soldiers, anxious for the most advantageous
position from which to view the conflict. Those who could
find no place above, crowded the starboard, until every ves-
sel leaned heavily towards the island ; and as our ponderous
shot and shell sent columns of water and dirt above the
vaunting rebel flag, cheers from the troops well-nigh
diGwned the sound of strife. At noon both forces had be-
come fully engaged, our navy sailing back and forth before
Fort Bartow, and giving the rebel fleet a shotted salute as they
turned to repeat their compliments to the fort. The smoke
of conflict rolled along the waters, hiding the contestants in
sulphurous clouds, through the rifts of which our fleet de-
livered an effective fire on the enemy’s fort, but presented an
ever-shifting object for their guns. The sloop ‘ Granite ”
literally ‘* sailed in,” and with provoking coolness tacked
THE LANDING. 59
jartow, perceptibly slackened the enemy’s fire, while our
forces redoubled their energies. Again the contest deepened
with an uninterrupted roar of artillery; and from the sul-
phurous cloud enveloping the fort, geysers, or shooting col-
umns of water and dirt were’ constantly rising far above the
tops of the highest trees.
At three o’clock the enemy’s fire had notably slackened,
and signals were given for the infantry to land.
The ** Wheelbarrow” (steamer ‘‘ Union”) steamed along
side the ** Recruit,” to receive the left wing of the Twenty-
Seventh Regiment, but Lieut. Spaulding and crew, who had
been anxiously awaiting the signal, received a portion of our
color company (JX) into their launch, and with Major Bar-
tholomew hastily struck for the island.
There was nothing to be thought of but duty, and a multi-
tude of small boats were seen struggling furiously for the
honor of first landing on the hostile soil. The gunboats
> $9
‘¢ Delaware” and ‘* Morse” were shelling the shore half a
mile above Ashby’s Harbor, at a place known as ‘* Widow
Baum Point,” towards which our boats were all centering for
a landing. By keeping to the windward and clear of the
struggling boats, Lieut. Spaulding and his muscular crew
distanced their competitors, and first reached the ‘* sacred
swale.” Major Bartholomew jumped into the grassy marsh,
followed by the boys of Company K, and waded to a slight
elevation, on which stood the Hannon house, surrounded by
arable ground sufficient for a bivouae for our forces. They
>
were just far enough ahead to say ‘ first,” for in a few
moments three thousand men had struggled through the
swale and were forming in line at their side. The enemy
had hoped we would have landed further south, and had pro-
vided a two-gun masked battery for our reception; but this
back and forth close to the rebel forts, delivering compli-
nts from her oue-hundred pound rifled Parrott. Her we declined, preferring to wade the jungle of our landing, to
me
run was plainly distineuished above the furious contest, and
seemed to fairly lift her from the water. At one o’clock ¢
dense volume of smoke ascending from the barracks in Fort
receiving their complimentary fire of shell and shrapnel.
Those who landed from larger crafts were obliged to wade
FIRST BATTLE-FIELD.
60 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. d ‘
side of the way was a dense chaparral, filled with stagnant
Ne ols and thickets of swect brier. The drinnine trees.
some distance in water, as the vessels were stuck in the mud ct brier. The dripping trees,
before reaching the marsh. “ Grieving, if aught inanimate e’er grieves,”
Soon after landing, the glare of bayonets moving along the
wept woefully as we pressed onward toward the field of
edge of the woods skirting our position was discovered ; but aye
. e contest.
if the enemy had serious intentions, a few well-directed guns
99
As the Twenty-Fifth Mass. entered an open field, they
received a raking fire of canister and shell from a masked
three-gun battery, whicl y gall: r engaged, :
an occasional exchange of shots along the picket line. rig pal bey Bevnely enieared, Aas Leet
ing which, the Twenty-Seventh moved at double quick to
from the ‘* Delaware ” interfered with their plans, for they
hastily disappeared. The only disturbance for the night was
During the evening a drizzling north-east rain having set het "
their support. R saching the scene, we were ordered to
follow the Twenty-Third Mass. to the right of the field, but
were obliged to halt under the converging fire of the enemy’s
guns upon entering the field, until the former regiment could
move out of the way. While here, Lieut. Col. Lyman’s hat
was knocked off by an exploding shell; First Sane: Pliny
Wood received a painful wound in the elbow and side, while
Private Levi Clark, standing by Col. Lee, was mortally
wounded in the abdomen. The mangled and dead of the
T'wenty-Fifth Mass. were borne alone our
in, the fires of our bivouac added little to our comfort.
The smoke found only one avenue of escape, and that di-
rectly in our faces, no matter how often we changed posi-
tion. The ground on which we bivouacked had been culti-
vated the previous season, and by rain and tread of feet soon
became a sticky mud, and while impossible to lie down, it
was almost as uncomfortable to stand. Any one of the
Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. who served in North Carolina,
will be willing to attest that under the most favorable cir-
ittes ) line. QOne
cumstances, the soil of North Carolina, wherever we bivou- | sage
fellow, with a limb shattered by a solid shot, shouted
: with
a husky voice,
3 he was carried bv, ‘*Go in Twenty-
S VO ! Lowy \ 2a 4% ? ' ’ "
eventh! Give ’em h—]! Chey’ve laid me up, or I'd be
1% ue : :
with you! It was an ordeal which tried the regiment
acked, was several degrees softer than that of any other State
in the Union, and that during rain storms it was simply in-
describable. To crown the misfortune of the night, we were
without rubber or woollen blankets, or shelter from the chill- more th: 7
lore than mortal combat, and certainly was not calculated to
Inspire one with contidence in offering himself as a **short-
stop” for balls of such a character.
ing rain. By midnight, all the force had been landed (ex-
cept the Twenty-Fourth Mass., which was aground near
Roanoke Marsh Light) and the field presented a mass of Pe ws
: a le field was about two hundred yards wide and three
bivouac fires veiled in mist. ened ee Boneh 1€
dred yards long, on the north of which was a masked
curvette, known by the enemy as Fort Defiance. The fort
was pierced for three guns, and was sufficient for the
economical operations and protection of five hundred
rT - . .
men. The armament consisted of a twenty-four pound
Dahlgren howitzer, and one each of eighteen and twelve
pound field-pieces. A battalion of the Fifty-Ninth Virginia
Light dawned tardily Feb. 8th, and it was seven and one-
half o’clock before the column was ready to move. At that
time Foster’s Brigade moved into the pines, following a
secluded cart-path. The Twenty-Fifth Mass. held the ad-
vance, followed in order by the T'wenty-Third and Twenty-
Seventh Massachusetts and Tenth Connecticut Regiments.
The road was a muddy pulp, and to reach the enemy’s posi-
tion required the fording of a stream waist deep. On either
62 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Regiment (Richmond Blues), and a part of the Thirty-
First North Carolina Regiment, occupied the fort; the
their force being under cover of a boscage
The strength of the posi
remainder of
of trees and bricrs to the left.
tion was in the chaparral swamps and forests which cov-
ered its flanks, and the deep morass on its front; the only
approach being by a corduroy road swept by the guns of the
battery. These swamps were considered impervious, so
much so that the enemy declared a rabbit had never pen-
etrated them; while the Wilmington (N.C.) ‘‘ Journal,”
‘«¢A hundred men could
commenting on the position, said,
easily hold one thousand at bay.” The battle-field was a
deep morass, save a small knoll at the rear and centre ; and
this position was occupied by six marine howitzers, under
command of Midshipman B. F. Porter. It was here, after
the gunners had all been slain, Chaplain Horace James,
of the Twenty-Fifth Mass., earned his sobriquet, ‘‘ The
Fighting Chaplain,” by manning the guns and rendering
effective service during the rem: ainder of the engagement.
Moying across this fie ld, we sank to our knees in mud,
which, though uncomfort able, relieved us of a greater mis-
fortune by allowing the enemy ’s shots to pass harmlessly
over our heads. ‘The contr acted field not allowing our de-
ploying in line of battle, we wheeled and fired by companies,
which so annoyed the enemy as to lead them to concentrate
their artillery upon us. We were directly opposed by the
‘sRichmond Blues,” who, after capture, acknowledged the
effectiveness of our fire. The battle was now at its height, —
shell, shot and canister sweeping the ground and crashing
through the forest in our rear; while the number of mungled
and bleeding comrades taxed the utmost capacity of the
ambulance and stretcher corps in removing them from the
field. The Twenty-Fifth Mass., which hi ad borne the brunt of
battle for upwards of an hour, w ith a loss of six killed and
forty-two wounded, with exhausted ammunition, were now
ae ee SS =F SS EE ARE LEINSTER . —= <== =
2 ——
- ST OE FONE ce PP ANTI
FLANKING FORT DEFIANCE. 63
relieved by the Tenth Conn.
but a short time when their gallant commander, Col. Charles
L.. Russell, fell dead upon the field. The Ninth New York
(Hawkins’s Zouaves) formed at their right. Near them
was Lieut. Col. Victor De Monteil, of the Fifty-Third New
York (De Epinueil Zouaves), who had volunteered for this
These had held the position
occasion, his own regiment having been returned to Fortress
Monroe for insubordination. With musket in hand, near the
right of the Ninth New York, he was cooly loading, firing,
and watching the effect of each shot, when he was killed by
a sharpshooter.
At ten o’clock orders were received for the Twenty-Seventh
and T'wenty-Third Mass. to flank the enemy’s position to the
right, while the Twenty-First Mass. and Kifty-First New
Y ork, which had taken positions on the opposite side of the
field, were ordered to flank it on the left. For an hour the
Twenty-Seventh was edging its way through briers and
underbrush, the officers slashing with swords, the men break-
ing and treading upon the brush for a footing; sometimes
clinging to clumps of brush to buoy them up, at others so
Been iD mire as to need assistance to extricate themselves.
Reaching the edge of the woods at the left and rear of the
enemy's works, a sheet of water fifty yards wide lay between
be and the fort; but the order was. ‘Forward !” and
with muskets and cartridge-boxes raised above our ey
we plunged into the land-locked waters, finding them ang
deep at the centre. As we emerged from the woods we
were discovered by the enemy, who at that time were busily
engaged in an attempt to repulse the advance of our force on
the opposite flank. This discovery spr ad consternation
in their ranks, and they broke into a precipitate retreat
A Richmond correspondent describing this battle, said:
‘¢ Provision had been made, in case of defeat, to retreat back
of Shallowbag Bay and cross to Nag’s Head from that point ;
but a body of Yankees appeared on the left flank just before
= poe
THE SURRENDER.
64 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. .
brigade, pushed the main body of the
enemy towards the
north end of the island.
| lhe Twenty-Fourth Massachusetts
Volunteers, which had now arrived. was
99
retreat, cutting us off from all chance of escape.” ‘This body
| given the advance.
and atter a hard march we came upon the enemy
of Yankees was the Twenty-Seventh and Twenty-Third Massa-
chusetts Regiments. a short dis-
a. % cia + . ’ tunce to the rear of For oer
The Twenty-First Mass. and Fifty-First New York, with ort Huger.
AS We were preparing for
less natural obstructions to contend with, were at close quar-
ters with the fort as we cleared the woods, and as we reached
the centre of the pond, mounted its parapets and planted
their colors on the works; while the Twenty-Fifth Mass.,
followed by the Ninth New York, moved down the corduroy
road and reached the fort about the same time as the Twen-
ty-Seventh. So precipitate was the enemy’s retreat that
they left their dead and wounded in our hands, beside the
armament of the fort, with caissons and munitions com-
plete.
Gen’'l Reno, with a part of his brigade, followed the re-
treating foe, while Foster’s forces rested upon the field,
gathering trophies, or relieving their clothes of their super-
abundance of water and mad. Soon a courier arrived, and
giving Gen’l Foster a small black horse, said, ‘* The rebels are
attempting to escape to Nag’s Head, and Gen’! Reno desires
assistance.” The Twenty-Seventh was immediately ordered
to Gen'l Reno’s aid, followed by the Fifty-First New York,
and other regiments.
Or. arriving at the point indicated, we found the enemy’s
plan had been frustrated. O. Jennings Wise, of the Rich-
mond Blues, a son of ex-Governor Wise, in attempting to
escape by boat, had been mortally wounded, and was lying
in a small house near by. Surgeon Otis, of the Twenty-
Seventh Mass., during a residence at Richmond previous to
the war, had become well acquainted with young Wise, and
was now invited to see him, with the information, ‘‘He
' 9
‘an’t live but a few minutes!” Our Surgeon replied, **No!
he would know me in a minute; as I can’t help, I won't
>
disturb him !’
Leaving Gen’l Reno at this point, Gen’l Foster, with his
an assault, Lieut. Col. D. G. Fowl, of the Thirty-First North
Carolina, appeared with a flag of truce, and was shown to
Gen’l Foster, when this colloquy ensued :
‘6 ; 4" . ‘ > . . >
Cou. F. I came, sir, to ask what terms of capitulation
you will grant our army ?”
66 Sy 1? 4 4 : ‘ . ° Y . .
GEN'L FE. Non whatever, sir! Nothing but immediate
and unconditional] surrender ! ”
‘¢ (oz, oF:
How much time will you grant for its consider-
ation?”
‘“Gen’L F. Only sufficient for an immediat
: e return with
your commander’s decision ! ”
After some delay, well-nigh resulting it
7 : 1 an assault by us.
Col. H. M. Shaw, of the Eighth North Carolina. a}
ir gic . mr peared
and surrendered Roanoke Island, with its forces and d
AS je ; | pe : < ( C-
ences. Well, yes! I have heard of enthusiasm
but they do not
thrilled and echoed In
and ‘‘ tigers,” begi Mam
| egin to express the joy that
the surrounding forests, and awoke
sleepy, boggy old Roanoke to an inspiration it had never
dreamed of before; have known of enthused life, but |
ran | never
saw sedate manhood given over to the
exuberance of child-
ig on heads as feet: never
hug culminate j sik
9 ninate in a wrestle, or a line of soldiers turned into
a crowd of Cochins gone mad.
hood, with as many standin
It was all there, and even
that Col. Lee never gave the order,
under more difficult circumstances. We had
thought we felt tired, wet and stiff,
some vague
more; so much so
‘+ Attention!”
but this must have been
aberration of the mind, for we now moved for-
ward, ‘‘licht as fo: “a.” in i;
rd, *‘lioht as feathers,” ‘and were soon in line on the
nort! ae reOre'is j ,
th of Camp Georgia, at which point the enemy ha
1 con-
centrated. The other regiments of
Foster’s Brigade came
SACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
66 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMI
yD uh ee
inves he ineteen hun-
forward.and completed the investment, when a Ah
amy) re :mselves as ‘** pris-
dred and ninety-eight men surrendered themselves |
3 x ra F 3 ;
rs of war : ; point.
oners of war at this | -) bsg me
‘se of the battle, but before the result was
After the close o : | a
Yort Huger, a schooner from Elizabeth City k
rime "ie 1 five hundred of the Second
p ‘har (creen and five 3 ,
Col. J. Wharton | thee
3 i ‘r side ir’s Point.
North Carolina Regiment on the upper side of We : s ime
»’ ‘ — < . . . * P . " c e ea
The schooner soon after obtained information of the 38
7 ¥ : ! ‘ . - r , Yop a » ye er
‘onfederates, and, considering discretion the
of the Confederates, ¢ 3 : tn ies ae
rt of valor decamped without consulting Col. a
a aly 5. witl having had an
inf ont fe me ‘hands, without having
This reinforcement fell into our han
—_ b) | a} | as
)} } vv a, “
joying 1 » made as graceful a sur-
excusable for not enjoying it, he made as gra
render as the circumstances would warrant.
rarmly ch ut in a
The prisoners, as a whole were warmly clad, but
Ay 7s qt
BC 1} ) ; XCEL ing that
Var , ‘ al nw ) ) ¢ J
* eo + |
Their arms consisted of En-
of Falstaff’s famous recrults. Their arms consis
spring fi arper’s Ferry
field and sporting rifles, Springfield and Harper's :
: ‘ ; © : ; een an. anit
kets. double and single barrel hunting-pieces, cay
muskets, g
in O¢ \~p cb \ c . 4 S acl Ihg
surrender -y were (out-
- front. and a formal surrender, they were (
cemae ogee ’ ‘acks, and the T'wenty-
raveously ?) marched to their barracks, an . -
bigs wo ee Hye » ] > r . tioonar rer the
Third Mass. Regt. duly installed as provost-guard over 1
) aa : ’ 4 ‘ ‘ or
p. the Twenty-Seventh marched back to an oe
camp. ‘ ‘ad sholter ix the
there a few of our number secured shelte
plantation, where a few of out
>, 30 < | \ n
; 1g ; ra , » eXe=
without blanket or shelter, with clothes still wet from . :
‘ io ‘A ry . } 1e
osure and service of the day and night previous. With
Ne) p « . ‘ " > - > : ee ait . ¢
| iousness of a faithful performance of duty, we accepte
CONSC ; els < <
Incl ' The news
the hardship and exposure incident to our lot. The n
f this victory was received at the North with devout grati-
of ey i % a * pecor 2 ‘ * Fort
tude, and it proved worthy of record with that af de.
ja J ea, NS at of Kort
McHenry, which occurred two days earlier, and that
A - ste e
Donaldson, occurring four days later. ern:
The results of the day had been the capture of twenty)
KILLED AND WOUNDED.
hundred and twenty-seven prisoners, thirty-five hundred
stand of arms, five forts, with an armament of thirty-two
guns, beside an immense quantity of ammunition and quar-
termasters’ stores. The I'wenty-Seventh captured two rebel
flags, each three and one-half by six feet in dimension, with
one white and two red bars. One contained twelve stars
in a blue field, surrounding a sickly representation of an
eagle, with the inscription, ‘* Brown Mountain Boys,
Stokes County, N.C.” The other was similar in design,
except that it had only ten stars in the constellation. This
was a recognition of the fact that Kentucky and Missouri
were not to join them, or, perhaps, that on their finely-
wrought ‘¢ship of state ” decay had tready taken place.
While reckoning these results, a lurid glare lit the sky, fol-
lowed by a terrible concussion, and the fort on the mainland
opposite, with the disabled steamer ‘*Curlew,” were hurled
into the air, a shapeless mass.
he Confederate loss in this engagement, as reported by
Lieut. Col. Fowl to the «: Wilmington Journal,” was twenty-
two killed and thirty-six wounded. but which we think is an
understatement. It was reported at the time thirty killed
and ninety-three wounded.
The Union loss was fifty killed and two hundred twenty-
two wounded, including both army and navy.
The loss of the Twenty-Seventh Mass. was —
KILLED.
Private WittiaAm Hirt, Athol. Company B.
Corp. Grorce M. Hate. W estfield, Company F.
Private Levi Crark, Sandisfield, Company F,
Private Henry C. Barpwe tt. Northampton, Company G. Total, 4.
WOUNDED.
Private Cordean Sweet, Hatfield, Company A. -Arm and leg.
Private George H. Whitney, Dana, Company B. Right leg.
Sergt. Bartholomew O’Connell. Whately, Company C. Elbow.
68 TWENTY-SEVENTH M ASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
fatal.
Corp. Otto L. Stamm, Gt. Barrington, Company E. Hip;
Fatal.
Private George Duncan, New Marlborough, Company E.
Private Hiram Sheffield, Lee, Company E. Fatal.
Private Cyrus Agans, Mt. Washington, Company E. Slight,
First Sergt. Pliny Wood, Westfield, Company F. Elbow and side.
Corp. Isaac Hunt, Belchertown, Company G. Fingers.
Private Charles L. Clark, Wilbraham, Company I. Throat; severe.
Private Martin Kelly, New York, Company K. Fingers. Total, 11.
Corporal George M. Hale was a native of Tolland, twenty-
one years of age, and of unusual promise. The last lines in
his diary, written e% idently just previous to the battle, were :
“ We are born, we live, we love, we die.
Why were we born to live, to love, to die?
Who can answer the secret deep? Alas, not BE”
Levi Clark, the first man of the Twenty-Seventh to fall on
the field of battle, was a native of Sandisfield, twenty-two
years of age. He was a jovial, kind-hearted young man,
faithful and reliable in the discharge of duty, and fell just as
we entered the field of battle. Who can forget the heavy
thud of that fatal shot? A widowed mother and a sister
mourn his untimely death.
Comrade Clark of Company I, was wounded by a Mexican
bullet passing through his neck, between the artery and
wind-pipe. As-this was considered fatal, the wound was
dressed by simply filling it with lint, and his name was
His appearance to his company a
placed among the dead.
He was sranted an
later, was a genuine surprise.
indefinite leave of absence, never rejoined his company or
received a discharge, and still suffers. disability from his
wound. As Patrick Weal, of Company H, stood at the posi-
a bullet pierced his oun-stock between the
tion of *‘ prime,”
barrel and rammer, and at the battle of New Berne, follow-
ino. another bullet struck the same place.
During our stay at Annapolis, a person was gr
wv
week
anted access
FORAGING, 69
to the camp, selling lithographic company records. While
we were resting at Fort Defiance, a body was found wl | :
features answered his description, and were so recognize | by
different regiments. Was he a spy? ia
. Karly the morning of the 9th, a number of the Twe
Seventh Mass. strayed to a ravine a short distance from tice
bivouac, and returned laden with trophies of rifles, double ; | :
single barrel guns, pistols, swords, and Zadtios sti pape
which proved to be a part of the effects of Col pela ¥ a
mand. Finding themselves without means of esca mies
had divested themselves of everything possible, wil pe aa ne
entire morning the Twenty-Seventh Regiment reaped ys? .
harvest of trophies, many of which were ibinciides te : au
first steamer, reaching Springfield in season to add : : 5
the 22d of February,—that day having been set ; ie b . he
loyal North as a day of thanksgivine for our : =
tories, | 5 ae
About noon, the 9th, permission was given the entire for
to forage for the remainder of the day. 3 With rifles ' ep
the ‘sroops invaded the remotest parts ot the cee
Minie balls chi-ie-ing from every direction. r As : wi
about as uncertain as in the eontaal , dine le
ae pa | st of the previous dav
Soon the tide turned, and they came marching back acai |
with ‘*Hurrah! Hurrah!” On poles su ae 7 ps
shoulder to shoulder, were carcases of soar a! cy
mutton, geese, turkeys, ducks and chickens, eiteeel Pat d
to their age or condition. Sweet potatoes and other : :
and vegetables were found buried in pits in the fields, for
which sacks were constructed of overcoats, and these a seh
slung across the backs of cows, often accompanied = al ne a
of squawking hens or flopping turkeys; some RN met
ns under loads that would do credit to an athlete, Be Yalan
ahi at contrary hogs, many of which were so poor pe to
indicate the last stage of consumption. Where all these
rae TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
supplies were found, or what many of them were good for,
.asier asked than answered.
were questions
ht before us vied with
When night enforced a truce, the sig
Fulton or Faneuil Hall Market. Such quantities of all con-
ceivable culinary supplies, it remained for this day, and the
Twenty-Seventh Massachusetts as master hands, to collect.
For two days the Twenty-Seventh settled down to business ;
the flaying by amateur butchers, and numberless fires of
coals — upon which tin plates were serving as broiling irons —
showing they had a taste for, and were still prosecuting
«6 flank” movements.
variety of dishes invented being sufficient
Miss Parloa, and, if mentioned, would excite a
Suffice it to say, if the
tired, hungry and cold,
It was a scene for an epicure; the
to eclipse Del-
monico or
resonable credulity as to success.
reciment lay down the night previous,
to surfeit, but without protection as be-
ht of the 10th, a white spread ‘was laid
1g soldiers, so lightly, many of
until they awoke in the
they were now filled
fore. During the nig
over the exposed and sleepil
them did not know it had snowed,
morning.
After the capture of the
borough, learning that the
City, despagched Commander
to that point, with so complete success, that
island, Flag Officer L. M. Golds-
rebel fleet had retired to Elizabeth
J. C. Rowan with thirteen of
our naval vessels
we append the account as rendered by the latter : —
UNITED STATES STEAMER * DELAWARE,”
Orr EvizaBetnu Ciry, Feb. 10, 1862.
__ J have the happiness to report that I met the enemy off
a, at nine o’clock, and after a very sharp en-
capturing his entire naval
SIR:
this place this morni
succeeded in destroying or
oagement,
.stroying his battery on Cobb’s Point.
force, and silencing and dk
a ears
= a RE
RETURNING. TO THE VESSELS.
of the enemy’s fire say tw
| - ys fire, — say two or three killed and some wounded
se ne | ». 66 hig ” ’ , ne
* t] L¢ Kilis” to you under command of Acting Master C]
of this shi : cate madi
meh hip, whom I hope you will confirm in command
le conduc » oallan : :
| sage of the gallant men I have the honor to command
is worthy of : ‘als : ra
ly of all praise. Iam happy to say none of our vessels
are severely iniured. ; ctr oa
I shall leave here ; ill f
Rises leave here a small foree, and visit the canals. and take
ovuK into other places before | return Pe
I have tl |
: e hi vervr
nor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant
J. C. Rowan,
° ae
Commander United States Navy
lhe deed of Acting Master Chase, for which he was pr
moted to the command of the * Ellis,” was, his sit na son
an open barrel of powder, at a time hee fey Mere. aa
was on fire from the enemy’s shot, and thus savine , ayere
and its crew from destruction. : APE Poe
On account of our lack of camp equipage, — all of whicl
was lost while entering ESP ea Sais ici ThR et
for the regiment to re-embark; and after a tedioas at ry
seven miles through muddy roads, we reached Aal ; *
Harbor at hoon of the llth. Here we found ee . :
i tar of Union soldiers who had fallen the ih eee
. cad ay battery, which the enemy had dha
vent landing at that point. By mK > te ;
quarters on the ‘* Ranger” and pi Morse lve eta oc
absent four nights without protection, of which Sie ran
proved rainy, and the other snowy edits ac
rhe nex aa ‘ MOSS
i ee ee Lee issued the following congratu-
. le regiment ; —
HEADQUARTERS Tw
2UARTERS TWENTY-SEVENTH Recor. MAss. Vots
qc N sp 66 R “sy () ua Py , ; , . A ) tet) ] 186
Ne) | HO ) ER v tC R I i F O : ] ;
I { I ’ R ANOK if Li NI + Fe ;
?) I\S ded
The COl .
‘commander ‘asin
as ler of the regiment takes this first opportunity since
1@ engagemel! , R J *
‘ Ss
———
J. M. Cook, who is wounded and a prisoner on board this ship. 1 coolness, bi
298, VPavery §
» bravery and good conduct displayed by them while pa
‘ ass-
have other prisoners.
I am happy to say our casualties are few, considering the warmth
TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
ing the fiery ordeal of a first battle. We can go into the next
action with a feeling of strength, which —let what will come —
must give us the victory. While dropping a tear for the fallen
brave, may we remember we are in the hands of an all-wise God, who
watches over and protects us, as well on the field as tn camp ; and,
putting our trust in Him, may we go forth with stout hearts and
willing hands, prepared to do our duty wherever or whenever called
upon.
By order.
Cot. H. C. LEE,
Commanding Twenty-Seventh Regt. Mass. Vols.
Gro. W. Bartiert, Adjf.
Among those left sick upon the ‘* Recruit” on debarking
the 7th, was Capt. Hubbard of Company I, who had been
prostrated some four weeks with sickness, but with no antici-
pation of immediate danger. On the morning of the 12th
his disease resulted in death.
Caprain Henry A. HUBBARD
was born at Ludlow, Mass., Aug. 25, 1836. His father was
a citizen of official prominence in that town, while his
mother was a Brainerd of Haddam, Conn., and near of kin
to the. missionary Rev. David Brainerd. The early life of
Capt. Hubbard was passed upon a farm, in which time he
not only studiously improved his opportunities at the public
schools, but forced the hours when employed in manual
labor to contribute to his store of knowledge. He fastened
his book upon the plough and studied as he turned the soil, or
left it at a convenient nook in the fence as he hoed the field,
orasping some new advance upon each return. By teaching
during the winter he secured means to prosecute his studies
at Wilbraham Wesleyan Academy, and graduated therefrom
with high honors. He continued his studies a year at Am-
herst College, and afterwards for a time at Union College,
CAPT. HENRY A. HUBBARD. 73
Schenectady, N. Y., but, deciding upon the legal profession,
left the latter and entered the office of Beach & Bond, Spring-
field, Mass. Poetry was his delight, Milton’s ‘* Lycidas ” his
favorite ; and the hours after his daily toil were spent in close
companionship with the choicest of American and English
poets. !
While engrossed with legal tomes, he united with the Union
Guard of Springfield, and soon became adept in military
tactics. Upon the opening of hostilities he rallied his Lud-
low neighbors and friends and drilled them in the ‘* School
of Soldiers,” preparatory to the call he felt sure must come.
When the raising of the Twenty-Seventh Regiment was
authorized, Col. Lee commissioned him to recruit for that
organization, and the filling of the ranks of the Ludlow com-
pany so promptly was due mainly to his zeal and magnetism.
He was mustered as captain Oct. 16, 1861, and continued
with his command until their arrival with the Burnside
Expedition at Hatteras Inlet, N. C. Here he contracted a
serious and prolonged illness, from exposure. Ile remained
upon the schooner ‘‘ Recruit,” and during the battle of
Roanoke Island was on Croatan Sound just beyond reach of
the enemy’s guns. He heard our first cheer of victory, but
died Feb. 12, 1862, just after the return of the regiment to
the vessel. Though prevented from participating in battle,
he died as really a martyr in his country’s cause as if he had
fallen amid the carnage of battle. His remains were buried
with military honors at Ludlow, Mass., Feb. 24, 1862, under
escort of his old comrades of the Union Guard. October
16th, two weeks previous to his departure for the seat of war,
he was married to Annie, daughter of Deacon Booth of Lud-
low. His widow still survives him.
Upon the death of Capt. Hubbard, First Lieut. E. K. Wil-
cox was promoted to be Captain of Company I, vice Hubbard
deceased ; Second Lieut. C. W. Goodale to First Lieutenant,
vice Wilcox promoted, and First Sergt. J. W. Lawton to
Second Lieutenant, vice Goodale promoted.
74 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
During the remainder of our stay in Croatan Sound little
of interest occurred in the vicinity. On the 13th a native
ssory to the death of three of the Fifty-First
was shot, as acce
he swamp with their throats
New York, who were found in t
cut. On the 15th a detail from our regiment was sent to
the island to encircle it with a telegraph, successfully accom-
plishing their mission and returning the 17th. The 18th
Gen’l Burnside and Com. Goldsborough issued a joint procla-
mation as follows: —
RoaNOKE IsLAnpD, N. C., Feb..18, 1862.
To the Citizens of North Carolina:
The mission of our joint expedition is not to invade any of your
ts. but to assert the authority of the United States, an
lating war brought upon your State by compara-
rig] 1 to close
with you the deso
tively a few bad men in your midst.
Influenced infinitely more by the w
of elevated reason, they are still urging you
orst passions of human nature,
than by any show
astray to gratify their unholy purposes.
They impose upon your credulity by telling
even diabolical intentions on our part; of our desire to destroy
your property, liberate your slaves, injure
you of wicked, and
your freedom, demolish °
your women, and such like enormities ; all of which, we assure you,
is not only ridiculous, but utterly and wilfully false.
We are Christians as well as yourselves, and we profess to
sacred obligations of the char-
know
full well, and to feel profoundly, the
acter. No apprehensions need be entertained that the demands of
humanity or justice will be disregarded. We shall inflict no injury
unless forced to do so by your own acts ; and upon this you may
confidently rely.
Those men are your worst enemies. They, in truth, have drawn
disturbers of your
you into your present condition, and are the real
peace and the happiness of your firesides.
We invite you,
virtuous loyalty and
from these malign influences, to return to your al
compel us to resort further to the force under our control.
The government
‘n the name of the constitution, and in that of
civilization, to separate yourselves at once
legiance and not
asks only that its authority may be recognized,
PRISONERS EXCHANGED.
and we repeat in no manner
repeat in no manner or way does it desire to ifterfere wit]
vour awe : re : : ye : i
: ! laws, constitutionally established, your institutions of anv
, oe SEE yee : ; | : ,
9 - , . : >
time, the remainde} relieving the tediousness of confine-
nen +. a om + i " P >
tin writing, games and phrenological examinations, the
at sor “uwwhie es : , ? . -
ter of which became quite a profession. Amateur clubs of
76 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
1equer players were organized, who acquired a
taxed the best of skill at home.
een left sick at Annapolis and
19 its
chess and cl
proficiency that would have
Large numbers who had |
Hatteras rejoined the regiment February 27th, increasing
effective strength to about eight hundred men.
Our brilliant success had produced a most depressing
effect upon the enemy. ‘To quote from their papers : ‘‘ It has
placed in the enemy's hands the ‘ back-door key’ to Norfolk
and Richmond; threatened the great through route from
Richmond south at Welden ; and opened the great State of
North Carolina to the merciless grasp of maudlin invaders.
criminal carelessness that left an entire army at
Island, to be. slain and captured by Burnside’s
ut it was doubly criminal to have left
Sach menaced
It was
Roanoke
horde of outlaws; |
their firesides exposed to Yankee tr vachery.”
point was sure their position was next to be assailed, and
North Carolina called vigorously upon the Confederate
eovernment to return ‘ts veteran troops for the defence of
their own firesides. To add to their fears, harmless sallies
were made by portions of
the Albermarle Sound, as thoug
now threatening one port, now landing at another ;
our fleet in various directions in
h reconnoitring for a general
nLdvance ;
until the confused enemy magnified our
sy ficient to occupy the entire State.
force to an army
NEW BERNE,
CHAPTER V.
NEW BERNE.
_Earry in March, all the forees on Roanoke Island, save the
Ninth and Kighty-Ninth New York, and Sixth New Hamp-
saine Regiments, were re-embarked. Lieut. Spaulding “
Company A, Twenty-Seventh Regiment, who, with his mee
had, at various times, received favorable notice from the
commanding and brigade generals, now received orders from
Gen’l Foster to organize such boats and launches as were
connected with transports of the First Brigade, with ; view
to greater efficiency in landing troops, when needed. This
act on the part of Gen’l Foster was in recognition of the
Lieutenant's precedence at the landing at Roanoke and w
fully justified by the results. : oe
During the delay incident to replenishing our supplies
preparatory to another attack upon the enemy, Gen’! Ata
side had sent spies to New Berne, and through one arriving
at this time, received information of ite oarrison ey
defences to March 7th. The morning of the 11th. the aia
fleet retraced its course to Hatteras, arriving there about
yee Here our hearts were gladdened by the arrival of
1e steamer ‘* Suwanee ” with a large mai » Nor
The 12th was a faultless day not au ae ppirig
long, smooth swell of Piel or chilling ee a by i
from a cloudless sky. erase for ‘alone had eae ns
: 2», had declared. a
airs At an early hour, the fleet was moving in column
by brigade, the gurgling of water at the prow, or lapping of
the extending arms of our wake, alone disturbing the still-
78 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
ness of the hour. Half a mile in advance of the transports,
with flanks extending far to the right and left, the navy
moved in line of battle, covering the fleet of sixty vessels
which, in double column by brigade, was ploughing the
waters at the rear. The decks were covered by men
basking in the sun, re- -reading letters from home, or
cathered in knots to hear ‘* the latest from the front.” The
First Brigade was again.in advance, the ** Recruit” in tow of
her faithful consort, ‘*‘ New Brunswick,” and the ** Ranger’
in the second column, just opposite. At 2 P.M., we entered
the Neuse River, which, at its mouth, is an estuary twelve
miles wide, with little diminution for upwards of twenty-
five miles. Our approach and progress were signalled the
enemy above, by means of fires along the northern bank,
the black smoke rising upward like wierd fingers of fate.
As night set in, the sky was heavy with threatening
storm, and the wake of our vessels became a sheen of phos-
phorescent light, fading far to the rear 1n puch Same:
At nine o’clock, we reached the mouth of Slocum “et reek,
fifteen miles below New Berne, and anchored for the night.
No signal-light threw its rays over the scene, but dark,
crim and silent as the abode of death, the fleet rested on the
waters. A gentle roll gave motion to our cratt, sufficient
to rock us to the deepest sleep, and the soldiers who were
s9 soon to respond to the tocsin of war, rested peacefully
and securely in their berths, while the noble, vigilant
‘¢ tars,” in boats and launches, formed a cordon of videttes
around the fleet to protect us from hostile intrusion. Night
deepened into ebon darkness and storm, the only sound
being the driving rain upon deck, or the half- hourly toll of
the night watch on the armed vessels encircling us.
» sions ‘ras hoisted
In spite of a drenching rain, the signal to land was h 8
at seven o’clock the 13th, and with three days’ rations, forty
‘ 7 «6 ré 14 \ , re l=
rounds, overcoats, and rubber-blankets, we awaited conve)
ance ashore.
The navv shelled the southern banks to cover
LANDING AT SLOCUM’S CREEK.
our landing, while the steamers ‘* Alice Price,” «* Pilot Boy,”
*¢ Phenix,” ‘* Pawtuxent,” and ‘ Union.” with lone lines of
launches in tow, started for the mouth of Slocum’s Creek.
So eager were the men for the honor of first reaching the
shore, that many leaped into water waist deep, and strug-
gled to the banks; and so close were the competing crews
that the question never has been, nor will be, settled. «*«Who
” The Twenty-First Mass.
Reet. (Reno’s Brigade) were gviven the advance as skirmish-
ers. The Twenty-Fourth Mass., under the eye of Gen’l
e
first desecrated this sacred soil ?
Foster, moved up the turnpike in support of the skirmishers,
followed by the rest of the brigade as landed ; Company A,
of the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt., bringing up the rear at
the landing, about four p. m.
The head of the column had proceeded about six miles,
and were near Otter Creek, when Capt. Williamson of the
Topographical Engineers, reported heavy works upon our
front, apparently deserted. These consisted of well-con-
structed breastworks from the river to the railroad. a mile
distant, a fort guarding the river-flank. and four flanking
bastions facing the railroad terminus ; the whole protected by
abatis and a dee p, wide ditch along its front.
Resting here until three o’clock for the force in the rear to
close up, Gen’l Burnside ordered Gen’l Foster, with his
brigade, to advance by the turnpike, — Gen’l Reno by the rail-
road, — while Gen’l Parke was to follow Gen’l Foster, and
support either commands as needed. The rain continued to
fall the entire day, and the roads — at best but sloughs — were
churned to a sticky pulp, of uncertain depth, so that progress
was slow and difficult. At ei ight o’clock in the evening, the
advance bivouacked in a pine forest about four miles from
New Berne. Company A, of the Twenty-Seventh, was, at
this time, far in the rear, tugging in the darkness with two
twelve-pound howitzers, whose wheels sank to the hubs in
the muddy road. Every man « pulled for all he was worth,”
80) TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
slipping, plunging, and tugging, until. at nine o’clock, Lieuts.
Spaulding and Clark — who had completed the debarking of
and hurried forward to overtake their company —
troops,
Seeing the exhausted condition of their men, they
arrived,
assumed the responsibility of leaving the guns with a squad
of troops guarding a cross-road. Plunging again into mud
and darkness, this company advanced until about midnight,
finding their regiment at the extreme front.
-fires were burning ‘n all directions, some of them
Cam]
running to the top of 1
ing forest as by the glare of the setting sun. The men lay
of brush, and were covered with rubber
esinous trees, lighting the surround-
about on beds
blankets for protection from the rain. About two o'clock a
cloud seemed to burst over the bivouac, deluging it with a
flood which awakened the sleepers, most of whom found
themselves lying in pools of water.
At half-past five, the 14th of March, the reveille roused
the troops for the stern duties of the day, the heavy fog
rendering the dawning light almost imperceptible. An hour
later the column was in motion, the Twenty-Fourth Mass.
still in advance, followed in order by the Twenty-Fifth and
Twenty-Seventh Massachusetts Regiments. After following
the road some distance, the Twenty-Fourth Mass. deployed
‘n line, with its left resting upon the road, the Twenty-Fifth
Regiment forming upon their right. The Twenty-Seventh
now moved in column to the front by the turnpike, and were
somewhat in advance of the brigade, when suddenly a solid
shot sped down the road, and would have entailed a heavy
loss upon the regiment but for the ranks having opened to
either side to avoid the mud at the centre.
Gen’l Foster, who was at the head of the regiment with
Col. Lee, said to him, ‘‘Colonel, bring your regiment into
line upon the left of the road! You need not deploy skir-
mishers, the enemy are just in front. Move forward in line
*» Advancing in line about two
©
and engage them at once!
ee - ms
a a a i ie
— = e pitiless eee
eter a
ORE ead Swe —- ——
a . = 2 Ty ers
SET A RN RRL SEN ae oa
em = eR er
THE ENEMY’S WORKS. S$]
hundred ‘ar
yards, we came > edo ls, 1
page : ve came to the edge of the woods, in full
STO ' ‘ , a ;
gh of the enemy and their works. The chart explains the
OS > ‘ > aa ; . . ’ .
sition of the forces, and also indicates the position of the
(*¢ ° : * 4 + 4h y r ;
mpanies of the Twenty-Seventh Mass., as in line of battle -
A a“ c
= b < — .
hi " (Yr ; . va o : ,
ounting thirteen thirty-two pounders, rifled — six of whic]
SL ch
—, EY l li nN i ; ~
‘ + 5\ { —{ 5 Con n l d ) ; . ( | S ‘
(*() - ’ “ > y >
ntinuous line of breastworks extended to the railroad
a cL
distance to the left. , some
ote h
aie ! Behind these works were three field
atteries, and a thirty-two pound
gun in a bastion across the
| ad to i 1 { { ‘ ‘ . y ‘ ‘
aids , a& mile and
quarter . fe .
| ter, with a two-gun fort at the extreme left Tl
east | 7 : . e 1ese
lortifications extended a distance of two and :
ser] 1S % ; id ye) . me Oa
es of thirteen curvettes and redans, extendine
i. half miles
from the river, ; ’
e river, and were defended by three batteries evel
e 9 seven
recime S ‘ : ’ » o j
| 9 ia and fou independent companies of infantry. a
attalion of cavalrv es
Avi ry, and & companv of » Hire
(rebel). Rent. in reseres pany of the First Maryland
rs ae 1 reserve 5 the whole under the command of
ren! Lawrence QO. B. Br : :
. b. Branch, a oraduate of Prine
leve, and a former } eth =, luate of Princeton Col-
oS ‘ c rr represent: ra = & :
Rs ay a8 i | resentative to Congress. Col, Camp-
) a A ; , s Y
. : ch Uwenty-Seventh North Carolina Regiment. wa
in { Le ; _ - ; © , AS
: Inume diate command of the forces, from the river
the railro: | ; : %
3 , oad, and Col. Avery, of the Thirty-Third North
Carolina, of those beyond ;
82 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
We had but time to glance at these rset ie ?
rebel officer riding a white horse behind them, when — e€
cave the order, and the fire of the Twenty-Seventh ae er os
eh morning air. Unfortunately, we went into the ongag' = .
without testing our rifles, and many were 80 damp ’ pp 5
discharge, while with others the balls tell harmless a a -"
from the muzzle. There was amoment's lull, when, 4 ry
impulse, the enemy’s works were a sheet of flame - event
Twenty-six cannons and thousands of rifles reas ce ~
hail upon us, with a concussion that shook the sh . | “5 ee
was filled with groanings, crashings, howlings, sag a :
z-2-7-ps, While showers of splintered limbs of sain A aga fe
us, doubling the risk of the field. As one writer ¢ a eh :
‘The air was alive with all mysterious sounds, and ¢ = 1 F
every one of them. There were muffled howls that seeme
er rege Sie LASTS anorv buzz of
‘n rage because their missiles missed you ; the angry buzz
the familiar Minie ; the spit of the common bullet ; senie ow
the great whirring rushes of shell. And then or ra ;
which made the air instinct with warning, or greets :
with vivid alarms,—long wails that fatefully eometiah ’
the death they wrought; fluttering scr ams that fi “ip oe
space with horror, and cries that ran the diapason . er
and despair.” “To one unharmed, it was — fe seer
that shot-rent field, and view its spertpin Oran . , ,
spell had been broken ; the Twenty-Seventh had ive =
received the shock of battle, and, like their own rock-rib "
coasts and hills, stood unmoved amid the tempest. a *
bellum days, we frequently saw pictures of het - pe
charges, in which the line was formed in two ran re : * ( : |
to shoulder. dressed by the right with perfect Pere te
they received the shock, or charged upon the enem) s ge o
Such sketches draw more upon the artist’s imagination than
hservation, and in practice would be an evidence of incom-
observ: ‘* Se. er j
tency or foolhardiness. Actual war dissipates such notions
yetenc) % al aniaiiune
of order and bravery, for however perfect the alignment at
O “Lt . »
POSITION OF THE UNION FORCES. 83
the outset, when shell, grape, and Minies begin to pour into
the ranks, such order is soon: Jost. When the column moves
forward to the charge, there is about as much precision as
with a swarm of bees upon the wing, so that when the ob-
jective point is reached, companies and regiments are
mixed in a way never contemplated by military tactics.
At the order, ‘* Load and fire at will!” we broke ranks,
adjusting ourselves to our position, as irregular as forest
trees, and settled to the stern work of war.
often
The horses and
gunners of the rebel batteries received special attention to
prevent the movement of the guns to threatened points,
The enemy, encouraged by our first fire, exposed them-
Js : J » CX}
selves unguardedly, and our second volley was in con
seq uence
more fatal.
Their sharpshooters in the trees back of their
position, made fatal work along our line, until, satisfied of
their position, we directed a volley into their coverts
, when
their harassing practice ceased.
The position of the Twenty-Seventh was in the open field,
and some rods in advance of the remainder of the brigade,
which had formed and opened fire within a serrated line of
woods. After being engaged half an hour, we were ordered
back to complete the alignment of the brigade.
The Twenty-Fifth Mass. occupied th
Fort Thompson, with the right of i
its flank,
e extreme right before
ts line refused to guard
Lhe Twenty-Fourth Mass. formed next to the
Twenty-Fifth, with its left resting upon the turnpike. The
right of the Twenty-Seventh rested on the left of this road,
supporting six howitzers under command of Capt. Dayton,
I %
of the schooner ‘‘ Hiehlander,” and Lieut. McCook, of the
‘Stars and Stripes.”
This part of the regiment remained
in the open field, subjected to a sharp enfilading fire from the
enemy’s artillery in their attempt to silence our howitzers.
The left of the regiment was in part protected by a copse or
spur of the forest in which it rested. At their left was th
Iwenty-Third Mass., followed by the Tenth Connecticut ]
©
1,eC OC ]-
84 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
most of Gen’l Paike’s Brigade
ment and Reno’s Brigade,
ly —
The enemy’s position was — strange
lower than that occupied by us, and the rain of the previous
sq softened the earth that each recoil of their artillery
ntly to keep most of
being in reserve.
night
ttled «the trail” of their guns sufficie
As the battle progressed our howitzers
silenced, and the contest was continued
se
their fire above us.
were dismounted and
by us with rifles alone.
A heavy smoke settled upon the field,
enemy, so that we were forced to rely upon the ele ration
and range obtained early in the engagement. Our men were
, and it was evident we were before the most
my, but this only inspired the regi-
At nine o’clock our ammunition
eld our position,
obscuring the
dropping fast
effective works of the ene
ment with greater zeal.
as exhausted, and with fixed bayonets we h
w
unable to return the fire
ing with double fury. |
necticut relieved us, and we
killed and seventy-eight wounded.
While waiting for ammunition, the sound of a charge fell
returned at double quick to the sup-
port of our comrades, arriving ‘n time to see them scale the
and the enemy in full retreat. The yell of the
rs of victory, in which we joined as
and entered the entrenchments.
attered along the breastworks,
f the latter showing a
which the enemy were now deliver-
lalf an hour later the Eleventh Con-
retired with a loss of seven
upon our ears and we
works,
charge gave place to chee
we dashed over the abatis
The dead and wounded lay se
the incoherent expressions of many oO
beastly intoxication.
‘n the traces, thus preventing the 1
oun. The Fourth I
ported by the Fifty-First
the enemy’s line at the right
remainder of Reno’s Brigade
were still sharply e!
Foster at once advanc
gling
The artillery horses lay dead or strug-
removal of a single
-hode Island and Eighth Conn., sup-
New York Regiment, had broken
of the railroad, but the
, and a portion of Gen’ Parke’s
waged in the woods beyond. Gen'l
ed upon the rear of their position
BURNING THE BRIDGE AND TOWN 85
IN 6 Oe
with the Twenty-Fifth Mass., capturing some two hundr
of the enemy, and routing the remainder ee
Q :
Pen days previous, when Gen’l Burnside’s spy left this
loonlity, there were no fortifications at this paiak, hence ha
General was unaware of the difficulties to be met at this "
of the field. 3 ee
The enemy attribute their misfortune t 3
Sailing apgete sn sala e to the Seventh North
, iLO eel ! ita, who were stationed at the north of the rail-
road, 3 rhis regiment had been driven from the Ra th
a portion of the Twenty-First Mass. Regt., when the | “is
were in turn driven out by the Thirty-Fifth North Caroling
and the Seventh returned to their position, Ration ny
k ourth Rhode Island and Eighth Connecticut, pidhoneied ‘
the Fifty-First New York, made a determined sana up :
them, when the Seventh were again forced fei hed iia
and the day lost. Doubtless the point was not as cesudaell
contested, or perhaps was not capable of the resistance of oth :
parts of the line, but the assertion that ‘‘ they inglori “a
retreated without a contest ” is not sustained by the Painvie ‘
our three regiments engaged in the charge, or by the “id f ‘
forest on their front. Misfortune must have its sca he ee
and the Seventh North Carolina Reviment bears the ) : oe
a defeat which was inevitable. ee ele)
si oom! ame ie the enemy retreated across the Trent
ra above New Berne, but a portion of them, with re-in-
orcements arriving just as the battle closed, and a trai
loaded with the wounded and slain, escaped hood tl
julisiasichiehte: Shale nedhe daddas ax dos ccaak ee
As a 2 ge as they passed. This
ridge, seven hundred feet long, had been prepared for
destruction, and when our column, two miles bali first
sighted it, the fire was fully under way. Smoke black ns
midnight, rolled up from the bridge and from different | a
of the city, a livid representation of Dante's arex ss :
second Sodom or Gomorrah, Had the words Doom! Doom! !
Doom!!! been suspended in huge letters over the city it
eee a eo te ee eee ee eee SSS =
i me oe nm
86 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
could hardly have intensified the scene, or the retributive
justice upon an unrighteous cause. Arriving at the river
the regularity of the strects of the city opposite, enabled us
to see the enemy still at their work of incendiarism. ‘Two
pieces of artillery were placed upon the railroad and shells
thrown over the city and through the streets to stop their
nefarious work.
Commodore Rowan, with his usual promptness, had blown
up the river blockade, and arriving before the city, offered
to transport the forces across to New Berne. The Twenty-
Fifth Mass. were landed at the foot of Craven Street, and
immediately occupied the city as ‘* Provost Guard,” while
the Twenty-Seventh were carried to its western suburbs,
and, landing at the upper dock on the Neuse River, marched
out to the North Carolina Fair Grounds and occupied the
camp of the Seventh North Carolina Regiment without
opposition.
Thus closed the 14th of March, in which the yeomanry of
the North had clothed the army with a new prestige and
given the Union a victory which struck consternation to its
enemies. Its results were the capture of eight batteries of
heavy guns and three batteries of light artillery (in all
sixty-four guns), two hundred prisoners, the entire camp
equipage of the enemy, large quantities of ammunition
and quartermasters’ stores, two steamers, a number of
sailing vessels, and a large quantity of rosin, turpentine
and cotton. Says Woodbury’s ‘‘ History of the Ninth
Army Corps”: ‘*It was a peculiar conflict, and it may be
doubted if another such was fought during the war. A
bold attack upon a strongly fortified position, heavily armed
and abundantly manned, made by a force of infantry with-
out siege guns, or anything but a few howitzers.” Our force
engaged did not exceed sixty-five hundred, which was
equalled by that of the enemy ; yet after four hours of con-
CASUALTIES OF THE UNION ARMY. 87
flict we succeeded in defeating them in their chosen position
and in putting them to utter rout. |
Gen’l Burnside said in his official report: ‘*I beg to say
to the commanding general, I have a division under my com-
mand that can be relied upon in any emergency.”
Jefferson Davis says of Roanoke and New Berne: ‘¢ These
places were given up without resistance,” though their official
report of this engagement places their loss at five hundred and
fourteen killed, wounded and missing. Southern historic
papers say: ‘** The rapid fall of Roanoke and New Berne
struck terror and dismay along the whole coast.” As to the
accuracy of our fire, Major Whitford said to the writer a year
later, when on a flag of truce, ** Give the d—1 their due, it
was you —— Yankees with your rifles who captured New
Berne. Your range was so perfect it was about sure death to
*
raise a head above the works!
r . .
[his victory was purchased with the blood of New Eng
2w Eng-
c em ‘) VAS ‘ . : : . -
land’s bravest sons, the loss by brigades and regiments being
as follows : — ™ 5
First Brigade.
GEN. FOSTER.
“on a : Killed. Wounded.
'wenty-Third Mass. Regiment, 5 39
Twenty-Fourth ‘ 64 41
Twenty-Fifth a 6 ; : 16
Tweny-Seventh ‘ “s 78
Tenth Conn. , | a
Totals
ota S, ‘ . . a : ¢ 190
Second Brigade.
GEN. RENO.
Twenty-First Mass. Regiment,
Fifty-First N. Y. 6
Ninth N. J. 6
Fifty-First Penn. 6
Totals,
88 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Third Brigade.
GEN. PARKE.
Killed. Wounded.
Eighth Conn. Regiment,
Eleventh ‘‘ “
Fourth R. I. ”
Fifth ‘¢ Battalion
Totals,
A loss of eighty-seven killed, and four hundred and thirty
1] loss of five hundred and seventeen men.
wounded, or a tota
The enemy’s loss, as reported by the Governor of North
Carolina to the North Carolina State ‘* Journal,” was : —
Killed. Wounded. Missing.
Seventh N. C. Regt., Lieut. Col. Haywood,
commanding, , ; ‘ ; = 15
Twenty-Sixth N. C. Regt., Col. Zebulon C.
Vance, commanding, . ° ‘ ,
Twenty-Seventh N. C. Regt., Major Gilmer,
commanding, . , ; . . ,
Twenty-Eigbth N. C. Regt., Col. Lee, com-
5 10
4
manding, : : ‘ ‘ ;
Thirty-Third N. C. Regt., Col. Avery, com-
manding, ‘ ; “a
Thirty-Fifth N. C. Regt., Col. Sinclair, com-
manding, , ; : . ; '
Thirty-Seventh N. C. Regt., Lieut. Col.
Barber, commanding, . ; : ,
Latham’s Battery, . , ; :
Brem’s 66 , ; j 4
66
J
Mayo’s , '
Four Independent Companies Infantry, 68
Totals, . 64 101 413578
The following is the list of the killed and wounded of the
Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. :—
CASUALTIES OF THE REGIMENT.
KILLED.
Lieut. Josepo W. Lawton, Ware, Company I.
Private Samuet A. Dunnine, Worthington, Company /
‘¢ 6 Josepa DRAKE, Warwick, Company B. |
Epwarp A. Jackson, Lee, Company E.
Lyman M. Marsnwatt, Tolland, Company F.
WitirAm C. Souts, Tolland, Company F.
LEANDER Wooprourr, Agawam, Company F.
WovunvDeED. — Company A.
Witten cena ,
Private Thomas Bolton, fasthampton. Leg; slight.
¢é ry _ : a Te = e : as . YY : <
Frederick Klistner, Hatfield. Leg; slight.
Dr 1er Charles C Jor :
rummer Charles C. Loud, Northampton. Face; severe.
> 2 e | Aroa ’ a . + .
Private George Stevens, Williamsburg. Leg; slight.
Company B.
Sergt. Otis Oliver, Athol. Right thigh.
Corp. Van Buren French, Athol. Arm.
‘© William H. Pierce, New Salem.
Private George Britton, Erving. Hip.
‘¢ Frank Oliver, Jr., Athol.
‘* — Adolphus Porter, New Salem.
nso Isaac Powers, Prescott. Breast.
‘* George M. Williams, Wendell.
Company C.
serg. Reuben DeWolf, Leyden. Arm; severe.
Private John C. Delvey, Gill.
‘¢ Martin L. Jones, Enfield.
66 I. talk uaa ’ . \
Patrick Sweeney, Shelburne. Shoulder; fatal.
Company D.
Lieut, John S. Aitcheson, Chicopee. Head; slight
ae ‘ ™~. © . see ™ :
Corp. George A. Griffin, Pelham. Shoulder; slight.
nis ) ’ A riers. q , . . x ;
Private Charles K. Baker, Amherst. Skull fractured.
‘¢ Charles H. Barton, Amherst. Lost two fingers.
a,
‘ James Bowman, Amherst. Leg; slight.
CASUALTIES OF THE REGIMENT.
G0 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Private Calvin Blackmer, Northampton.
tae eae ; Saen War iid +f tee ills rere ; ta 2
Private John E. Cushman, Amherst. Left arm amputated. ‘Patrick Coffee, Northampton.
‘¢ Henry Dunakin, Hadley. Side ; slight. “John Manix, Northampton.
‘© Otis B. Griffin, Pelham. Left knee. ‘* Thomas Monlin, Chicopee. Face
James A. Preston, Amherst. Right side ; slight. ‘© William D. Steele, Chicopee. Hand.
Solomon H. Williams, Amherst. Gun burst in his hands. ‘James Sullivan, Chicopee.
‘ Thomas Taylor, Chicopee. Arm.
Company E.
aie . # Tra . S ‘| ofie . s ial Je
Lieut. John W. Trafton, Springfield. Slight Company H.
Sergt. Richard J. Bush, Great Barrington. Leg; slight. Serot. Will; Cc alt: aa Ankl
mer ; sigs! Seret. William Campbell, Adams. nkle.
Corp. C harles H. Bligh, Pittsfield. Arm. ‘ ' Neleon W a . \d S] : ld
. poate Isc . Bowen, Adams. Shoulder.
Laville } ° Hall, Pittsfield. Hand. Priv t | } E t N | H 1 gees
. : : : ‘vate vared Hstes, AGaAMs,. ACL.
Private Marceline Barrett, Cheshire. Arm. ‘“ Charles A. Fowler. Willi t Head
, ne varles A. Fowler illiamstown. ead.
‘¢ Alfred B. Champlin, Lee. Thigh. ‘¢ = John O’Bri Ad | Sli ,
John O’Brien. Adams. Shght.
‘¢ Roswell D. Cobb, Monterey. Foot. , 5
ay: ; iced ; ‘© James H. Perkins, Williamstown. Knee.
John McCavanaugh, New York. Hip ‘ BPoval H. Plumb, Ad I
hig : toval H. Plumb, Adams. _ Leg.
Martin C. Parish, Dummerston, Vt. Leg; slight. me nem SF REN “i oe
¢ James L. \ite, Stamford, Vt. ea
ee ae ‘ / Y .
Benjamin D. Washburn, Athol. Shoulder. “Joel Wing, Ashfield. Thigh amputated ; fatal.
Company F.
Corp. Daniel W. Bates, Southampton. Slight. eins ee Biiedalid
“Edwin H. Coit, Huntington. Slight. rivate ctr P. Barton, Brimfiel 1 Head; slight.
Calvin J. Treat, Granville. Slight. ‘© Thomas D. Pepper, Brimfield. Jaw.
Private Vernon D. Austin, Southampton. Arm and side. «Addison P. Wade, Ludlow. Knee.
“© Edward Burns, Westfield. Temple.
‘© Leroy Bosworth, Westfield. Right arm.
‘© William E. Clark, Springfield. Severe.
‘© Juhn Dorflin, Westfield. Shi rht.
‘“ John W. Madison, Westfield. Slight.
“ Asa P. Merritt, Huntington.
“Addison Noble, Westfiel@. Cheek bone fractured.
‘© Amos B: Pomeroy, Granville. Slight.
«© Charles H. Searle, Southampton. Slight.
“ Alfred Woodworth, Agawam. Slight. Comrade Wackle was included with the killed in the
official report. He, however, lived unconscious until the
Company K.
Lieut. George Warner, Springfield. Right foot amputated.
Seret. Frederick A. Ingersoll, Springfield. Leg.
Corp. Robert R. McGregor, Chicopee. Slight.
Private Patrick Hayes, Ware. Slight.
‘© Michael McGrath, Ludlow. Leg shattered.
‘Anthony Wackle, Great Barrington. Head; fatal.
Company G. nein
oe 17th instant.
Capt. Ripley R. Swift, Chicopee. Leg; severe.
Sergt. Edwin C. Hendricks, Chicopee.
Private Marcellus M. Adams, Chicopee.
TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Lieut. JoseErH WALLINGFORD LAWTON
svas born at Ware, Oct. 9, 1839, and upon the death of his
mother, three months later, was entrusted to the care of his
grandmother, under whose training and faithful counsels he
remained until entering his country’s service. He recruited
sixteen men, with whom he joined the Ludlow Company (1),
himself as first sergeant, where his energy and promptness
secured for him, upon the death of Capt. Hubbard, promo-
tion as a second lieutenant. He first appeared as such on
the march to, and upon the battle-field of New Berne, where
his new uniform became a prominent mark for the enemy’s
sharpshooters. He fell while in our first position, soon after
entering the field, a ball piercing his forehead, killing him
instantly. He was the first of the sons of Ware to fall upon
the field, and his name is borne by Post No. 85, Grand
Army of the Republic, of his native town.
CoMRADE DUNNING
of Company A, was a member of Lieut. Spaulding’s boat-
crew, and after a hard day’s work in landing the troops, the
13th, was told he could remain with the fleet. He replied,
‘¢7T shall not leave you, lieutenant. If there is to bea battle,
I shall be there!” About ten minutes after the engagement
ad, and he fell without a
opened, a ball pierced his forehe
struggle.
eiohteen years, ‘‘the only son of his mother, and she a
widow.” , |
Amonest those who fell in other organizations was Lieut.
He was a faithful, noble-hearted young man, of
INCIDENTS OF THE BATTLE. 93
pound brass guns captured of Brem’s Battery, to this regi-
ment, as a monument to his memory, and the same is now
suitably inscribed, and preserved at Amhert College.
March 24, 1862, the legislature of Massachusetts passed
the following resolution : —
Resolved, 'That the thanks of the people of Massachusetts are
due, and through the Senate and House of Representatives in
General Court assembled are gratefully tendered, to the officers and
soldiers of the Twenty-First, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth,
Twenty-Fifth, and Twenty-Seventh Regiments of Massachusetts
Volunteers, for their heroic deeds at the battle and victory of New
Berne. In the hands of these men the honor of Massachusetts will
always be safe.
Of the many incidents of interest, we present the follow-
ing: Col. Jordan, of the Thirty-First North Carolina Regi-
ment, whom we captured and paroled at Roanoke, was re-
ported by citizens to have been at New Berne the day pre-
vious to the battle, and, in conversation with Gen’l Branch,
to have said, ‘* General, you have my best hopes and wishes,
and were I not on parole, you would have my assistance ;
but, General, I will give you just twenty-four hours to hold
your position. They would charge your batteries and in-
trenchments, if the obstacles were twice as great. All h—l
won't keep them back. If they can’t do better, they will
swim the river” (it was two miles wide at this point) ‘‘ and
come in your rear! Have the place they will, and you can’t
hold it!” Evidently the Colonel remembered Roanoke
Island.
‘¢ Joe,” a member of the band, was a favorite with our
. ~ ‘ d 2 ee ss iid > .
Col. Henry Merritt, of Salem, Twenty-1 hird Mass. Regt.,
: regiment, but had an aversion to the letting go of words.
and the brave and accomplished Frazar A. Stearns, Acting-
Adjutant Twenty-First Mass. Regt. The latter was a son of
Pres. W. A. Stearns, D.D., of Amherst College, and fell as
his regiment made their first charge on the
Gen’'l Burnside presented one of the six- mud. This was a trifle too much for Joe, and he hastily
Awaiting a call for ambulance duty, he had sought refuge
behind an old stump, when a solid shot buried itself in the
a portion of ground just in front, covering him with a shower of dirt and
Cc
enemy’s works.
94 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSE TTS REGIMENT.
moved to another part of the field, exclaiming, ‘‘Thi- thi-
this is no place for the Fa- Fa- Fay family !”
W- , of Company — , Twenty-Seventh Regiment, a
young man of strong vetintone principles, was absent on de-
tached service at. the battle of Roanoke Island, and when
hearing its recital, assured his comrades if they would but
trust in the Lord, they could enter such scenes without fear.
Early in this eng: agement, a charge of canister killed and
wounded several of his company, when W——— suddenly
decamped, appearing at New Berne late in the evening.
Unfortunately, many of Company — had been skeptical of
his assertion, and now wickedly plied him with the inquiry,
whether he trusted most that day on the Lord, or on his legs.
W honestly replied, ‘¢] didn’t realize how scarey it
was to be shot at. I don’t believe the bowed has much to do
with such operations.”
Says the Wilmington ‘¢ Journal” of that date, ‘‘ John
Mixon, of Company E, Tw enty-Seventh North Carolina
Regiment, was W ounded ecu the shoulder and breast, the
ball passing t through him and lodging in his clothes. John
has saved the ball, and says he shall kill a Yankee with it,
if (?) he lives to get well.” Please report, John; tis some
years since.
As we landed at the New Berne wharf, a darkey woman,
whose white hair betokened great age, came dancing forward
with exuberance of joy, and, grasping the author by both
arms, exclaimed, ‘‘Bress de Lord, Massa! Ize ben prain
fur uze dese forty years! I taut uze nebber comin tall! But
uze come at las! Bress de Lord! Bress de Lord!!” Her
features were suffused with Joy during this effervescence,
and the loose planks of the wharf kept time with her dance
and gesticulations. It was a simple faith which recognized
the providence of God in the fruition of a long-deferred hope.
The belief of the negroes in such interv ention was as strongly
shown in an incident a few moments later. A man was evi-
YANKEE AND REBEL EDITORS. 5)
«
dently making the best.of the last opportunity to escape
and was well out beyond where our fortifications were aft mM
wards placed, when a shell thrown over the city by our guns
buried itself in the ground, and exploded just behind him,
covering him with dust and dirt. A darkey near us '
had been intently watching him, exclaimed, a Judy
;
who
he 4 ara irs ; $6
dar ! Dars Massa runnin awa, an de wengence of de Lord
is arter him !’ |
a) “ Ly 2 »)* : 66 | 4 ?
The New Berne Progress,’ a paper published at New
Berne by ——— ‘‘ Pe I
J Pendleton,” previous to our occupation
of the place, was placed under the care of George Mills Joy
‘ a) ay ° » Tye » RL ne ai 2;
a member of the Twenty-Third Mass. Reet., and formerly
in the employ of the ‘*‘ Hampshire Gazette,” of Northampton
rhe following was in type : — ,
* The signals on the Neuse River, below our batteries, gave
nahiCg of the approach of the enemy yesterday afternoon nhaek bs
O clock. A boat was immediately despatched down the river Bes
on its return, we were placed in positive information of the sai “
of ten steamers and one large transport (schooner) in the ee
only twelve miles below New Ber :
preparations were busy
here last nig “a battle i for
ast night, and a battle is expected to-day, and the day will
probably decide the fate of New Berne.” 3
bh tive , “ TAY’ M4 . . . °
lockade. Everything was active, and
To this, Editor Joy added :—
‘Friday did it! We have taken New Berne. The
kia enemy
undertook to burn the town, but were unsuccessful
‘¢ YANKEE PRINTER.”
rT a! .
Che rebel editor retired to Goldsboro, and issued a ecard
saying, ‘* He had lost all, but intended to |
Con’ ey weit
{ Gen’'l Burnside did not press too far into the bowels of the
reopen again,
S > » ” -m ; 4 1 ? .
tate. In reply to Editor Joy’s promise in his first issue
to furnish a better-lookine sheet ;
as soon as he eould vet
SO cent paper, he causti
me. decent paper, he caustically replied, ‘* It’s hard enough
96 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
to rob a man of all his money, without cursing the style of
his currency.”
The Wilmington ‘‘ Journal,” in commenting on the mis-
fortunes of North Carolina, said, ‘* The day is dark, but we
must face the music. . . . It is about as unprofitable
commenting on such events as whistling to mile-stones.”
Upon the occupancy. of the city, Gen’l Burnside appointed
Gen‘'l Foster Military Governor of the State of North Caro-
lina, with headquarters at New Berne ; Gen’l Foster appointed
Capt. Daniel Messenger provost-marshal of the place; and
upon these officers devolved the execution of the laws and
the protection of property, with plenary power in all
breaches of civil or military law. Stringent regulations for
trade in conquered parts of insurrectionary States had already
been issued through the Secretary of the Treasury, and these
depended upon the loyalty and vigilance of provost-marshals
for execution. The persons and property of all, if not de-
serted, were respected, and, where needed, guards were
placed for their protection. All civilians were obliged to
prove identity before the provost-marshal, and no one allowed
to move about the city without a pass, except officers in unt-
form and the colored people. ‘This was too much for ‘* poor
shade,” who exclaimed, ‘* Bress de Lord an Massa Lincoln !
Hallelujer ! dat dis yer ole nigger should lib to see dis happy
time, when white folks mus hab a pass to go bout, and dis
nigger wid the officer can go whar him pleas widout one!
9
Bress de Lord! ha! ha!! ha!!! Juber! There was not
the least demonstration of loyalty or Union sentiment with
the whites, but a sullen moroseness, indicative of intense dis-
loyalty. Few whites, however, remained, and these, with
only a: few exceptions, were of the lower class, with little
property and less intelligence.
March 15th, Gen'l Burnside issued the following congrat-
ulatory order : — ‘
CONGRATULATORY ORDER. 97
‘‘The general commanding congratulates his troops on their
gallant and hard-won victory of the 14th. Their courage, their
patience, their endurance of fatigue, exposure and toil, cannot be
too highly praised. After a tedious march, dragging howitzers
through swamps, and a sleepless night passed in a drenching
rain, they met the enemy in his chosen position, protected by
strong earthworks mounting many and heavy guns; and although
in an open field themselves, they conquered.
‘* With such soldiers, advance is victory. The commanding
general directs, with peculiar pride, that, as a well-deserved tribute
to valor, in this second victory of the expedition, eaeh regiment
shall inscribe on its banner the memorable name New Berne,”
Sunday, the 16th, was observed as a day of thanksgiving,
all the churches being opened for public worship. The
Twenty-Seventh Regiment, with arms and equipments, occu-
pied the First Baptist Church, where Chaplain Sandford
preached his farewell sermon, from ] Sam. iy, 9; ** Be strong,
and quit yourselves like men,” :
TWENIY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
CHAPTER V.
LIFE IN DIXIE.
New Berns is the third city of importance in the State, and
is situated at the confluence of the Neuse and Trent rivers.
These form, at this point, a stream two miles wide, with a
channel nine feet deep at low water, permitting direct
communication with our largest ports. With Wilmington,
it holds an almost absolute monopoly of the trade in tar,
resin, and turpentine, which are its chief commodities.
The surrounding country is a dead level, interspersed with
dense, marshy forests, but, owing to the large number of
turpentine distilleries, was deemed to be more than ordi-
narily healthy. The city is regularly laid out, boasts of five
churches, a masonic hall, an academy, a theatre, two hotels,
anda jail. It is the county seat of Craven County, and in
time of peace, must have had a population of about seven
thousand. The place was of special importance to the
enemy for its manufacture of ordnance, as a shipping port,
and as controlling the Atlantic and North Carolina Rail-
road.
March 17th, Gen’l Foster issued the following congratu-
latory order to his brigade : —
DEPARTMENT OF NorTH CAROLINA,
HEADQUARTERS First BRIGADE.
New Berne, N. C., March 17, 1862.
GENERAL ORDER, No. ll.
Gen’l Foster again congratulates his brigade on the brilliant
victory in which they participated, and by their steadiness and
valor contributed so much to win; and renews, most sincerely, his
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TWENTY SEVENTH,MASS, REGT-
HISTORY.
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Hesioty pe Pringeaa Go Boston
-
CAMP WARNER. 99
thanks for the endurance of hardship, steadiness, coolness under
fire, and willing and prompt obedience, shown by all from the
moment of landing.
The test was more severe than at Roanoke Island; and as Gen’l
Foster judged by their conduct there what it would be here, it is
the highest praise to say that the conduct of the brigade equalled
or surpassed his expectations. He hopes and believes that each
successive action will but add to the laurels already won by the
brigade he is proud to command.
By command of
Bric. GEn’L J. G. Foster.
SOUTHARD HOFFMAN,
Assistant Adj’t-Gen’'l.
The same day on which this order was issued, we reno-
vated and remodelled our captured camp, after which it was
known as ‘*Camp Warner,” in honor of Lieut. George
Warner, wounded the 14th inst. It was situated upon what
was known as the ‘*‘ North Carolina Fair Grounds,” and was
furnished with Sibley tents. The tents, when captured,
were supplied with floors and bunks, and with bedding
and comfortables, all of which were acceptable to us on
account of our loss at Hatteras. Our camp had a border
of juniper trees upon three sides, which afforded grate-
ful shade, while it was sufficiently elevated to secure good
drainage. It was near by the city and the Neuse River;
and was not only the best camp in the department, but
also the best we had during the war. The Seventh North
Carolina Regt., its former occupants, had determined to defend
their camp, and upon the day of the battle, had formed in
front for its defence, but a shell from our guns caused a
reconsideration and a hasty adjournment. A full set of band
instruments captured in this camp were presented by Gen’l
Burnside to the regiment.
March 20th, Companies D, F, H and K, under command
of Major Bartholomew, advanced up the railroad nine miles
-- ae oo
— |
100 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
to Bachelor’s Creek, driving the enemy’s cavalry before
them, and burning the railroad bridge. Here they remained,
with foul weather and fowl living, until the 23d, when they
were relieved by the Twenty-Third Mass. Reet., and
returned to Camp Warner. Meantime, the Third Brigade
under Gen’l Parke, marched down the railroad to Beaufort,
thirty-six miles distant, investing that place and Fort Macon ;
while the Twenty-Fourth Mass. occupied Washington,
N. C., without opposition.
March 25th, Col. Lee and Capt. Fuller went North on
a ‘*leave of absence,” attended by First Lieut. Mark H.
Spaulding and Second Lieut. Edwin C. Clark of Company
A, both of whom had resigned their commissions. The last
two were men of large experience, mature judgment,
undoubted courage, and exact in detail and discipline. The
regiment could ill afford to spare such officers, and to the
company the loss seemed irreparable. Most of the men
enlisted by them, embraced the opportunity because of
their confidence in them. There was no disposition to ques-
tion the sufficiency of their reasons, yet it was felt the
misfortune should have been averted. Lieut. Spaulding
was one of the earliest adventurers in California, his experi-
ence amidst lynch law and vigilance committees developing
a cool, calculating spirit, equal to any emergency, and
furnishing him abundant resources to cope with more than
ordinary difficulties. He returned to Northampton, crowned
with success, and, at the outbreak of the rebellion, was
junior partner of the firm of Stockwell & Spaulding.
He was more like our noble Capt. Sanford, whose actions
were a glorious legacy to our regiment. Lieut. Spaulding’s
services at Hatteras were of inestimable value to the expedi-
tion, and his presence on the field, conspicuous and inspir-
ing.
Lieut. Clark had large executive ability, was strict in
discipline, and watchful of every interest of his command.
OFFICERS OF COMPANY A. 101
He was, from mustering until his resignation, unremitting
in duty and valorous upon the field. He sought no prefer-
ment, but acted from principle, without regard to reward or
consequences. Later in the war, both of these officers
served under higher commissions in the Fifty-Second Mass.
Regt., and since their return, have been honored with the
highest offices in the gift of their constituents.
Fortunately for Company A, there was one in the regi-
ment, by birth and association allied with them, who
was a natural leader, of courage and ability, and to him
the command fell. Henry C. Dwight of Northampton,
upon the organization of the regiment, consented to
serve as sergeant-major, but December 7th, had been commis-
sioned as a second lieutenant, and assigned to Company H.
Waiving the conventionalities of promotion, Col. Lee, with
undoubted wisdom and sagacity, appointed him as first
lieutenant of Company A, while Orderly Sergt. John P.
3lakeman, of the same company, was commissioned second
lieutenant.
During the afternoon of Sunday, March 30th, communion
services were held in the Presbyterian Church, presided
over by Chaplains Horace James of the Twenty-Fifth, and
Jonas Clark of the Twenty-Third Massachusetts Regiments.
The sanctity of the hour, the place, the occasion, the causes
for gratitude, for repentance, for consecration, were all
subjects, which, under the inspired and ready tongue of
Chaplain James, gave a solemnity rarely experienced.
A few days before, we stood upon the riven field, amidst
the mad storm of battle, fearless and defiant ; to-day, how
changed the scene! The cheers of victory were hushed,
and, oblivious of rank, the victors were bowing reverently
before the ‘* God of battles,” acknowledging the hand that
had shielded and gotten them the victory. Although the
church was full, none but men were there; but a united
prayer ascended that the Saviour would reveal himself to the
102 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
dear ones at home in that hour, and that his comforting pres-
ence and support might be afforded those who mourned the
loss of our fallen brave. To live consistently at home in-
volved much, in the army immensely more; and Christian
resources were often put to the severest tests. It should
hardly be said that army experiences made bad men; it
rather stripped the mask from those inclined to evil, while it
strenethened and ennobled those acting from principle.
Privacy in devotional exercises was out of the question, and
these duties must. be performed ——if at all——- amongst, and
unscreened from, the eyes of heedless comrades, who, per-
haps, at that moment were engaged in the pleasures and
heated disputes of games. There were those among us who
braved this; they maintained irreproachable lives, and by
example were a constant restraint upon others. To the
credit of our army be it said, difficulties in these matters
arose from heedlessness rather than heartless opposition ; for
honest convictions were always respected.
Eligible hospital accommodations were secured in the
suburbs of the city, consisting of a row of cottages with com-
fortable grounds and shade. ‘This enabled our surgeons to
classify and separate our sick and wounded, which arrange-
ment materially enhanced the comfort and recovery of our
invalids. During the warm season the grounds were pro-
fuse with flowers, filling the air with fragrance, and bounti-
fully supplying the sick-rooms with bouquets. March 27th,
Assistant Surgeon Samuel Camp resigned his commission on
account of sickness. His thorough knowledge of medicine
and intense application to the welfare of the men, had ren-
dered him invaluable to the regiment. He was born at Nor-
folk, Conn., May 5, 1829, and graduated in medicine from the
University of New York, in March, 1851. He followed his
profession five years in New Marlborough, Mass., and three
years in St. Joseph, Mich., being located at Great Barring-
ton, Mass. at the opening of the war. Upon his resignating
<
————4 =
a a a
SS —-
SANITARY REGULATIONS. 103
he returned to the last named place, where he still resides,
possessed of a large and lucrative practice.
Our hospital department consisted of one steward, vith
seven assistauts, and was, in character, ability and success;
a credit to the regiment, and the good sense which dictated
the selection. It would be a sufficient encomium for any sim-
ilar organization, to say it was its equal. There was not
opportunity to bestow the care of home; but it was intelli-
gent and faithful, and as constant as the multitude of the cases
allowed.
The sanitary condition of the camp and men was care-
fully attended to by Col. Lyman and Surgeon Otis. The
tents were frequently struck, to expose the ground to the
defecating rays of the sun, while the regiment was as often
marched to the river for a bath. Negro ‘* pie pedlers ”
were forbidden entrance to the camp, and the use of such
trash discountenanced. To counteract malaria, a gill per
99
man of ‘‘ quinine and whiskey” was issued each morning,
and where principle intervened with some, others were
sufficiently elastic (or generous?) to accommodate the addi-
tional ration.
If we had endured hardships, we now enjoyed comparative
ase and comfort. A line of steamers connected us with
the outside world, furnishing — irregularly — mails, and the
‘¢latest from the seat of war” by New York papers. Large
numbers of speculators, under special permits from the
Treasury Department, flocked to the place; and anything
desired could be obtained. We were favored with visits from
friends at home, amongst whom was Rev. Mark Trafton,
futher of Lieut. John W. Trafton, of Company E, who said
he thanked God the ‘* Mayflower” did not drift to Southern
shores, for then the sterile, rock-bound shores of New Eng-
land would have had no attractions, and we should have
missed the stalwart, iron men, which their sterility has
given us. An Alabamian told him, he could conquer a whole
102 TWENTY-SEVEN™ MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Frees T er) oe € 3Ra “4 , 17° S gS:
dear ones at hb wikees by offering them.a price for their guns ;
ence and ~¢re now finding that, while we had an eye to busi-
loss - mere were two things we would not barter, home or
-enciple.
About this time we were in receipt of large numbers of
letters from friends in the Tenth Mass. Regt.,— then sta-
tioned at Camp Brightwood near Alexandria, Va., — com-
plaining of the favoritism by which a new regiment
—raised months after they had gone to the front — were
permitted to glean high honors on the field, while they were
in enforced idleness. It was a little strange ; but this source
of discontent was soon after removed, and from the other
extremé they were somewhat excusable for desiring a more
satisfactory mean.
April lst the regiment went up the railroad on picket,
leaving Company B to guard the camp. Our lines were now
extended seven miles from New Berne, and by active scout-
ing the enemy were kept at a safe distance.
On the 6th, a body of rebel cavalry charged within a
short distance of our camp at the outpost, but finding us on
the qui vive disappeared with equal celerity. Our supplies
were mostly obtained from the country. Coons, possums,
calves, pigs, and fowl were plenty — (at first?) — though
the last were always the special property of the ‘* old
woman.” The complaint of the owners at their disappear-
ance received similar comfort to that afforded one later
by an officer of one of the regiments. ‘* Vat —all your
shicken gone? You mays be tankful it was no mo! Shust
you march so much, an fights so hard, an has no mo than
my mens, —I tinks you takes a little shicken too!” There
was no loyalty among citizens, except as artfully shown to
defend some interest. They were in constant sympathy and
collusion with the rebels. The enemy were reported twenty
thousand strong at Kinston, intending to attack us at once ;
but if such an intention existed, the arrival of the Seventeenth
CAMDEN AND FORT MACON. 105
Massachusetts, One Hundred and Third New York, Forty-
Eighth Pennsylvania, and Second Maryland, with the Third
New York Artillery and Third. New York Cavalry regi-
ments, April 2d, must have seriously disturbed their plans.
April 7th, the Twenty-Seventh Regiment was relieved at
Bachelor’s Creek by the Seventeenth Mass., and returned to
Camp Warner, the remainder of the month being occupied
with camp duties and drills. Gen’l Reno, with the Twenty-
First Massachusetts and Fifty-First Pennsylvania, sailed from
New Berne the 17th inst., taking on detachments of the
Sixth New Hampshire, and Ninth and Eighty-Ninth New York
regiments at. Roanoke Island, and, upon the 20th, surprised
the enemy at Camden, N. C., in the midst of a heavy thunder-
storm. The Ninth New York charged without orders, and
were met by a severe fire, causing them to throw themselves
upon the field to escape loss, when the Twenty-First Mass., and
Fifty-First Penn. charged to their relief, routing the enemy
and capturing two pieces of artillery with a few prisoners.
Our loss was fourteen killed and ninety-six wounded, mostly
of the Ninth New York. The position assailed was in the
rear of Norfolk, Va., and only eighteen miles therefrom.
Because of the danger of attack by a superior Confederate
force, the place was evacuated during the night. The move-
ment caused consternation at Norfolk, and hastened its evacu-
ation by the Confederates, which was accomplished the 10th
of May.
Meantime the investment of Fort Macon had progressed
favorably under Gen’l Parke, who demanded its surrender
the 24th inst. This being refused, our batteries opened upon
it the 25th, and after a bombardment of ten hours, Col. Moses
J. White, its commander, a nephew of Jefferson Davis, and
three hundred and twenty men, surrendered theniselves, and
the fort, with sixty-five guns and its military stores. This
fort was one of the most important and costly on the Atlantic
coast, being second in importance to Fortress Monroe and
106 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. ere iad
sich Glawtitors Ti wad W Varee lon giana eistatinted oeerens times the enemy drove our forces to the intrench-
brick structure, covered with a heavy, sodded embankment pestis nig we dell cn padetibta eer aeoalhecogppente. Sapper
of earth. The guns were en barbette, and consisted of aponiy ike0
sixty ten-inch guns, with one one-hundred-twenty-eight
pounder Columbiad. Encircling the fort, and half its
was the most formidable work. It was a
pentagon, covering nearly seven acres, with parapets eight
feet high and twelve feet thick. This massive embankment
height, was a huge rampart of earth, with a broad, gentle
slope towards the outside; and from its parapets guns
frowned upon the adjacent fields. The whole stood on a
hummock of sand upon Bogue Island, just at the entrance
of Beaufort harbor ; and commanded Old Topsail Inlet, about
three-quarters of a mile wide.
At the time of its capture it was garrisoned by the Atlantic
Artillery ; Battery B, Tenth Artillery (** Woodpecks”) ; and
three companies of rebel infantry. The Union force ace redited
with this victory was the Fourth and Fifth Rhode Island and
Eighth Connecticut Regiments, with Ammon’s Battery I,
Third New York Artillery. By saps and approaches they
succeeded in placing batteries within fourteen hundred yards
of the fort, and after about three weeks’ preparation forced
its surrender.
The threatening attitude and increase of the enemy's forces
‘1 North Carolina, as well as the plans of the commanding
general, necessitated the making of New Berne as a base of
supplies, secure against any contingency, and this work was
assigned to the skill and care of Gen’l Foster. At the 1
of New Berne the distance from the Neuse to the Trent
- River was about a mile, across which neck, during the month,
Gen’l Foster constructed a cordon of fortifications, with Fort
Rowan at the railroad and Fort Totten at the county road.
These works, with the flanks well protected by gun-boats
stationed in the river enfilading the field, rendered our posi-
tion safe against attack in this direction. ‘The same pecu-
liarity existed south of the Trent, with Forts Amory and
Gaston, so that the place was a citadel, the character and ex-
tent of its defences insuring it from attack; and, though at
was revetted from the bottom of the slope in the ditch
with sods, one on the other, to the depth of eighteen
inches, and the embrasures with wicker baskets filled with
sand. A huge parapet of earth and logs was constructed on
the terra pleine of the fort, thirty-five feet high, twenty-eight
feet thick and four hundred feet long, to shelter the garrison
in case of bombardment. On the top of this huge parapet
was a series of rifle-pits for the use and protection of sharp-
shooters. The ramparts were protected from enfilading
fires by traverses, and complete control of the field secured
by bastions at each angle. The armament of the fort con-
sisted of twenty-eight guns, mostly naval thirty-two pounders
and sixty-four pound Columbiads, the exceptions being two
one hundred pound Parrotts, rifled. 3
On the Ist of May our new chaplain, Rev. C. L. Wood-
worth, of the South Amherst Congregational Church, re-
ceived a hearty welcome to the regiment. It is not too much
to siy that he was all a chaplain could be, — genial, sympa-
thetic, approachable; attached to his work and zealous for
the welfare of the regiment. As an earnest, consecrated
worker, a clear expositor and a pathetic pleader, he had no
superior ; while his knowledge of human nature and his good
common sense well fitted him for his work. He was sure to
present himself at the tent when least expected, with a
hearty ‘* Good morning ! how are you, boys?” and made free
use of the hospitalities extended him.
May 3d, we broke camp and marched to Bachelor’s Creek,
relieving the Twenty-Third Mass. from outpost duty. This
post had suffered severely from a guerrilla warfare, resulting
in frequent wounding or death to members of the Twenty-
108 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Third. Expeditions were at once set in motion for Tuscarora
and other points, and asystem of scouting and reconnoissance
adopted which soon created a respect and wholesome fear for
the Twenty-Seventh. During our years of service, much of
which was occupied in outpost duty, we never deserted a
post or lost a man, killed, wounded or takén prisoner while
on picket duty. Other parts of our lines were subjected to
attack and loss, but wherever the Twenty-Seventh was, the
pickets were unassailed. Our camp was situated south of
the railroad and easterly of the creek, the latter running
through a deep, wooded ravine. Grounds were cleared and
graded, stumps removed, wells dug, cook-houses built; and
when our new Sibley tents were received, the camp was in-
spected by Gen'l Foster and pronounced perfect in equip-
ment, appearance and comfort. Seven miles of unbroken
forest separated us from the fields of New Berne, and which-
ever way we turned it was marsh, thickets and woods, from
whose depths came the delicious fragrance of the magnolia
and the warble of the matchless mocking-birds. Daylight
and darkness was redolent with perfume, and there was not
an hour when the mocking-bird’s song could not be heard in
the forest.
Just beyond our outposts at Tuscarora was a family
named Davis, who were always willing to furnish refresh-
ments for a consideration. One day, when Lieut. Hunt was
in charge of the outposts, he placed Sergt. Peck upon
picket near this plantation. The sergeant was very consid-
erate of the wants of the inner man, and when Lieut. Hunt
returned to this part of the line, he found the former had
been to Davis's house, and ordered what he termed ‘‘ a stom-
ach distender for two.” Sergt. Peck’s appetite and liber-
ality got the best of his scruples, and he invited the lieu-
tenant to the feast; an invitation promptly accepted.
They had nearly finished their repast, when a sudden roar
and rattle, as of heavy guns and musketry, was heard.
BEYOND THE LINES. 109
Grasping their arms and equipments, which had been laid
aside for the occasion, they unceremoniously rushed out of
doors, cleared the fences and fields, expecting each moment
another volley or a demand to surrender. As they reached
the post, with an appearance of anything but an orderly
retreat, one of the pickets called out, ‘‘ Hallo? What’s your
hurry? Why didn’t you stay until after the shower?”
Sure enough, while they had been engaged at the table, one
of those famous thunder-clouds had overcast the sky, from
which a crashing stroke had come, resulting in their discom-
fiture. It was some time before these two officers were
allowed to forget this dinner, and the ‘* old man Davis” often
clibly referred to it as ‘* the attack on the pickets.”
At one time, when guerrilla farmers were particularly
annoying, a squad of one of our companies followed the trail
of one of these scoundrels to hishouse. . s er + 5 ry. Y .
a) i - . vy . » y i +: P (Le y Ce 10°. » O 1as G. Steve s " iia nt
of the First North Carolina Union Volunteers. The engage- Bi Second Brigade, Acting Brig. Gen Th equating at sien:
nee ae + et I'wenty-Seventh Mass., Tenth Conn., Ninth N. J., Twenty-Fourth
ment lasted three-quarters of an hour, when the enemy were ?
R ; Mass.
routed, leaving their dead upon the field. Our loss was
seven killed and eleven wounded, but would have been much
greater but for the use of malleable iron balls by the enemy,
which struck with a sharp sting and fell harmless to the
ground. It was a rainy day and answered every require- first Brigade, Second Division, Acting Brig. Gen’l
ey e/ e ] g ’ oOo oS
ment for a movement in our department. We were a Coast Nagle. — Forty-Eighth Penn., Eighth Conn., One Hundred and
Division, selected for this service because of supposed Third N. Y., Second Md.
Second Brigade, Second Division, Acting Brig. Gen’l Edward
Ferrero. — Twenty-First Mass., Fifty-First N. Y., Fifty-First
Penn., Eleventh Conn.
Fiirst Diwvision.
. Gen’! John G. Foster commanding.
Second Division.
Brig. Gen’l Jesse L. Reno commanding,
familiarity with water, and, singularly, we never moved with-
out a good supply from above and under foot.
June 17th, companies F and G, with a detachment of the
Twenty-Fifth Massachusetts and Tenth Connecticut, under
Major Bartholomew, went up to Core Creek to take the
114 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Third Division.
Brig. Gen’! John G. Parke commanding.
First Brigade, Third Division,
Fifth R. I., Eighty-Ninth N. ¥Y.
casmntinieg, RR ae es
(the rest of this division was
absent).
Belger’s Battery,
lery, and the Third N. Y. Cavalry.
Third N. Y. Artillery, Howard's Marine Artil-
column by regiment, each regiment
as they changed direction
ay, and the
The formation was in
wheeling into line by companies
The field was admirable for displ
polished arms and equipments gave an almost blinding glare,
which enveloped the moving column. As the Twenty-Sev-
d the reviewing officers, Col. Lee gave the order,
movement was executed with
for review.
enth neare
‘‘ Shoulder arms!” and the
Svery cap-visor was at ** front,” every
was steady, every step sure, as
d to the field beyond. If it
blushed
marvellous precision.
elbow touched, every motion
they passed before the stand an
‘t was not excelled, and no one
to say he belonged to the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regiment.
The review ended, the troops formed a hollow square
Gen’l Burnside, when Gen’l
and patriotic
was not perfection,
around the position held by
the sword, in a terse
responded to by Gen’l Burnside, who
ind would ever strive to merit the
Singularly, while the
Mauran presented
speech, which was
assured him that his comms:
high encumiums bestowed by him.
sword wus being presented, thunder clouds covered the
a heavy shower fell upon the opposite side of the
Trent, but passed us unharmed. As the sun burst through
cloud, a beautiful rainbow arched the field, and
Gen’l Burnside and staff occupied
an omen of
skies, and
a rift in the
from the writer’s position,
the centre of the are, which was greeted as
ander and his troops.
promise for our comm
On the 26th, Col. Howard of the Marine Artillery, with
as ‘‘aids,” made a
Major Bartholomew and Adjt. Bartlett «
a _
Se SSS ee eee
——
PREMATURE REJOICINGS. 115
reconnoissanee up the Neuse River, finding no enemy
Streeter’s Landing. : memy antit a
| All our information from the Army of the Potomac was
—— rp daa being within sight of the er s
tichmond. Orders were therefore issued to ‘* be ready
move on short notice,” with a view of seizing Goldst : =
and eepencep tng the enemy in their search for pio
“at over eho they would contend until every aaa vi
mile capable of bearing arms should have be yc : . sak
The bustle of preparation was suddenly pith Be
a countermand for the First Division, and all : a ie by
our shrewdness dispelled, by seeing the pet eee
a eee ae with the utmost haste and SidaiSiia: “ie
he Neuse. In the midst of our eobuistioak’ :
side suddenly reappeared, with news of ; Eat His: L Burn-
mond, followed by the return of the Pe ee,
the 4th. The day was given to wild rejoicings, the differ -
regiments parading the streets Se Nee eg of bel] glace
salvos of artillery. Mock battles were nied “ay and
a tagram the rane always ingloriously hhitetad Fie: oe
T nt ( own amid a deafening roar, ant durine 2 se
—— of tar and resin made the whole sadisiadteaaenal
as Sd ‘‘And all went merry as a marriage bell.” bai
Sut our jovs were transi : ra Pi oe
RG tenseks ss ee we were revelling,
ie nike ak ta g ae forward Gen’l Burnside to
son’s ton li es ti! ree " disastrous retreat to Harri-
omittaien pee a ig se arrival, consternation succeeded
Bi 8 looks inquired more forcibly than words
sles s this mean?” :
as * _ F, Hawkins of the Ninth New York, command-
cach siti AEBDE, had learned, the 2d inst., through
a irces considered by him reliable, of the capture | ¢
eee and had despatched the steamer ‘Alice —.
3 Posi ied Gen ; Rarosian, meeting him on the steamer
ghland Light,” en route for Hatteras with his fleet
116 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
The information being in accord with his expectation, Gen’l
surnside at once returned with his fleet to New Berne.
The Second and Third Divisions having remained on the
steamer, the fleet retraced its course to Hatteras the 5th
inst. ‘hus we bade adieu to Gen’l A. E. Burnside as our
commanding general, though he did not issue his farewell to
the army of the Department of North Carolina until consid-
erably later as will appear by the following order:
HEADQUARTERS NINTH ARMY Corps,
FREDERICKSBURG, VA., Aug. 20, 1862.
GENERAL ORDER, No. L5.
The commanding general on retiring from the department of
North Carolina, desires to express his deep regret at taking leave
of the gallant soldiers who have been his comrades through so
many trials. ‘The requirements of the service prevented his bid-
ding them farewell in person, when suddenly called to other scenes
of duty, and he now desires to pay a high and well-deserved
tribute to their discipline, their patience and their courage. In the
trying scenes at Hatteras Inlet and on the battle-fields of North
Carolina, these soldiers’ virtues were fully shown, and he now parts
from them as from well-tried friends who have always proved true
to their leaders and to their country, and on whom in any emer-
gency he could always rely.
sy command of Masor-GeneraL Burnsipe.
Lewis Ricumonp, Asst. Adjt-Gen’l.
It was his expectation, at the time of his departure, to
return to North Carolina as soon as the military situation in
Virginia should allow.
Lhe Department of North Carolina never fulfilled the
original plan as conceived by Gen’l Burnside. He urged
that a sufficient force be thrown into this State so that an
advance might be made on Richmond via Weldon, trans-
ferring the base to the James River as soon as practicable.
Also that an effective army in North Carolina should inter-
GEN. BURNSIDE’S PLANS, Kg
FoRT
Mie : .
i) ANUERSON /
”
Nb.
cept and hold the lines of railroad, and by cutting off their
supplies, oblige the insurgents to abandon Virginia. The
Bermuda Hundreds movement of 1864, made under Gen’]
Grant’s approval, was little more than the accomplishing
y
—
tE SE ®
Z.FOSTERS
3.27 MASS HOSPITAL
A. FOSTER'S GENL
it
- “| .BURNSIDES HEAD QTRS
rm
2
Seale Linck to Suv?
—_——
WBERNE
FORT
of Burnside’s original plan, which had been disapproved
of by Gen’'l McClellan. It was intended that North Carolina
should be the scene of
+
—
N
!
AS
/
aggressive operations, but, from
lack of sufficient force, it became simply a line of menace
/
"2,
He
|
i}
|
Kirt /ou TTON
and observation. Even ‘‘the march to the sea” by Gen’l
Sherman, was only a grander conception than that of Gen’l
Burnside, who desired such forces accumulated at Knoxville,
Tenn., under Gen’l Buell, and at New Berne, N. C., under
himself, as would enable them to march conjointly on
Raleigh, and, by intercepting all sources of supply to the
enemy, transfer the contest to North Carolina. There can
be no doubt, however, that it was better that the rebel
army should be held to Virginia for its final overthrow, than
that, with contingent results, our army should be drawn
further from its base of supplies.
The departure of so large a force from North Carolina,
necessitated the contracting of our lines, and reorganization
TOTTEN
of our forces, in accomplishment of which, the troops were
brigaded the 6th, as follows : —
YEORE sPINOLA
First Brigade, First Division, Acting Brig. Gen’l H. C. Lee,
cothmanding.
Twenty-Fifth Mass., Twenty-Seventh Mass., Twenty-Third
Mass., and Tenth Conn. Regiments.
Second Brigade First Division, Actin
Stevenson, commanding.
i'wenty-Fourth Mass., Seventeenth Mass., Fifth R. I., and
Ninth N. J. Regiments.
S/ PinE TREE
Brig. Gen’l] Thomas G.
ez
o
This well-merited acknowledgment of Col. Lee’s ability
aud worth, left the regiment again In command of Lieut.
Col. Luke Lyman.
ae en en ar ere ore one Eea —fo—rr
a ra 9 iP ma 5 :
mc
me ne ll my ee Se i ee NE SS REET LESS
a
ae ee ee
TRENTON EXPEDITION. 119
118 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. | : ; a =
Deep Gully, large numbers, including Capt. Wilcox and
. ' : Sd, Lieut. Bailey, succumbed to the extreme heat. The next
r 5 . < y . v . 4
I'he enemy’s force in North Carolina at this time, con- pra airs = eae 1 + s vidett
7 morning, we moved cautiously forward, the enemy’s videttes
sisted of about fifteen thousand men under Gen’] Holmes ; hae uke J “s Mire .
ee n¢ ; ‘ retreating till we came upon their picket line, four miles
but learning of the withdrawal of a large force from New Ny: . , ,
= a from Trenton. About two miles from Trenton, Major Lewis
Berne, they despatched about twelve thousand men to rein- sh
ad 3 , : of the cavalry charged upon the enemy, driving them with-
force Gen’! Lee. The enemy had still three thousand men in ‘ yo Fi : :
ss eas " wit out loss across the Trent River, where they made a stand,
the vicinity of Kinston, to watch an equal Union force, occu- Me ; "
eS ' ; and fired the bridge. Our infantry at once charged, driving
pying a line of over three hundred miles, from Beaufort via i eee ae ee F “Bes
fe oer i a the enemy from their position, and by hard work extin-
New Berne to Washington, Roanoke, and Plymouth. RES “ hg
sa Rg | ve . guished the fire. They had learned of our intended move-
The heat was intense, with frequent and terrific storms of = :
; ; S : i ‘ ‘ ment, and evacuated the place the previous day, so that the
lightning and wind. On the night of July 26th, one of the 5 ; mae nm
ae: ; hes object of the expedition at this point was frustrated. Tren-
tents of Company A was struck by lightning, killing Joseph ;
ace A ' Ny hone ton would hardly be called a village, though it contains a
A. Birge of Northampton, and severely shocking Francis A. ee ey tih 6 é,
ray . - = court-house and jail, and boasts of being the county seat of
Willard and Leonard F. Dunn, of the same town, and Wil-
ie eae : ‘ Jones County. It was occupied by the enemy as a cavalry
liam B. Watts of Worthington. All of these men had been :
; station, and was favorably located for incursions upon our
on guard that night, and were lying with their guns beside
them, and bayonets sheathed. The course of the electric
current was marked on their persons by serpentine lines of
red, and upon the guns and bayonets, by a furrow of molten
steel, while the powder of all the cartridges within their
cartridge-boxes was flashed. The only trace of lightning
upon the cartridges, was a hole the size of a pin in the metal-
lic case, and through which the powder had flashed. In all
the tents near this one, the bayonets were fixed, and the
muskets stacked around the centre-pole of the Sibley tent.
Under supposed rules governing electric currents, it would
seem any of these should have been more likely to suffer
from lightning than the tent upon which it fell. The shock
resulted in no permanent disability to Comrades Dunn, Wil-
lard and Watts, all of them serving out their full term of
enlistment.
lines, upon either side of the Trent.
After a stay of five hours, we marched towards Pollocks-
ville, camping at night on the famous Bill McDonald place.
As we were leaving these premises in the morning, some
one fired their mill and buildings ; nothing but the stern com-
mands and interference of Col. Lee preventing the destruc-
tion of the principal buildings. At Pollocksville, we joined
another column which had come up on the south of the
Trent under Lieut. Col. J. F. Fellows of the Seventeenth
Mass., and together we returned to New Berne the 27th
inst., with a loss to the expedition of two killed, and two
wounded and prisoners. The march of fifty-three miles in
fifty hours, and in midsummer heat, was a severe tax on
our endurance. If the expedition failed in its object at
Trenton, it, however, demonstrated that the enemy had not
sufficient troops in North Carolina to menace our position.
The Twenty-Third Mass., serving on ‘‘ provost duty” in
A reconnoissance was made by troops under Col. Lee to
Trenton, the force consisting of the Twenty-Fifth and
T'wenty-Seventh Mass., Belger’s Battery, and Companies D,
E,H and L, Third New York Cavalry. The column left
New Berne at four p.m., July 25th, but before reaching
New Berne, had four of its men wounded by being fired
upon by inmates of houses in the city. At balf-past nine
120 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
p.M., the 25th of July, another, Michael Galvin, of that
regiment, was seriously wounded in the groin. The house
was immediately surrounded by two companies of the Twen-
ty-Third, and six men and one woman made prisoners. At
nine A.M. the 26th, the Twenty-Third Mass. surrounded the
place, and, removing a part of the underpinning, attached
ropes to the house, (a large, square, two-story building) and
pulled it over upon its side, the whole collapsing in a mass
of debris, and a cloud of dust, while their band struck up
the inspiring tune, ‘* Bully for you! Bully for you!!” Not
a remnant of the house or fence was left standing, or a
brick of the foundation in place. The regiment had eyvi-
dently read Peter Henderson’s ‘‘ Gardening for Profit,” par-
ticularly on ‘* cutting back ;” for no sooner were the buildings
demolished, than the spacious grounds were swept of vege-
tables, vines, shrubs and trees, and a more desperate pruning
never was witnessed. There were no further attempts to
shoot guards in New Berne.
Companies D and H of the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regi-
ment, left Camp Warner for outpost duty at Bachelor's
Creek, the 21st inst. At one o’clock a.m., the 28th of
July, they left the creek under command of Capt. C. D.
Sandford, accompanied by a detachment of cavalry, to sur-
prise the enemy’s ‘cavalry outpost” at ‘‘Gum Swamp.”
One of the enemy’s videttes was discovered about daylight,
who, failing to discharge his carbine, hastily retreated to
warn his camp, followed by Capt. Sandford’s force at double-
quick, The vidette had barely time to give the alarm,
before our men were upon them, delivering a volley into
them as they retreated towards Kinston. This volley fright-
ened the horses which were tethered near by, so that many
broke loose and escaped. They secured twenty horses,
with the entire camp equipage, stores and arms, beside nine
prisoners who were run down in the open field by our men.
Beside these, the enemy lost two killed and two wounded,
while our companies escaped without a casualty.
SCOUTING BY CAPT. SANDFORD. 191
August 17th, Capt. Sandford, with fifty men from Compa-
nies D and H, was scouting some miles beyond the creek,
when he discovered a small hody of the enemy approaching.
Secreting himself and men in the woods, he discovered it
to be a ‘* flag of truce,” and advanced to meet it with five
of his men. The colonel in charge of the flag remarked,
‘Captain, this is very unfortunate; were it not for this flag,
I should have made a splendid capture this morning!”
‘‘ Would you?” replied Capt. Sandford; ‘let’s see! For-
ward, T'wenty-Seventh!” when his force suddenly emerged
from the brush, with loaded arms and fixed bayonets.
‘‘Ah!” responded the colonel, **beg your pardon; this
alters the circumstances!” <‘* Yes!” retorted Capt. S., with
& suppressed laugh, ‘‘ and circumstances alter cases!”
With the flag of truce were Misses Adelaide and Adeline
Wetherby of Westminster, Mass., Baskie Kenfield of Hyde
Park, Vt. and Annie O. Wheeler of Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Their joy seemed unbounded when safely in our care, and
their fervent love for the old flag was expressed with touch-
ing pathos and tears. They could not have fallen into the
hands of a more perfect soldier or gentleman, and through
his efforts they reached their homes in the North.
August 14th, an expedition left New Berne for Swansbo-
rough to destroy the salt works five miles from that place.
They returned the 20th inst., with a loss of one wounded.
There was only twenty-five bushels of salt in the works;
but for this the proprietor begged piteously, claiming that
he ‘‘only made a little for his own use.”(!) He must
have been ‘an old salt.” War was war, however, and it
was all confiscated, and the proprietor’s works destroyed.
A misfortune befel us, in common with the entire army,
August 30th, in the loss of our band, by an order of the War
Department, which allowed but one band for a brigade,
regiments being confined to martial music. The morale of
our band had been unexceptional from the outset, and the
122 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
absence of the familiar strains of ‘*‘ Lee’s March,” ‘*‘ Kate
Kearney,” and ‘* Widow Machree,” revealed how much
their service had relieved the tedium of camp. The regi-
ment also lost a valuable and graphic war correspondent, in
Edwin W. Foster, a member of the band. Many of these
men afterward enlisted in other regiments, and served with
credit to themselves and the State.
The intense heat — often at one hundred and ten degrees
in the shade — was very debilitating, and sentry-boxes were
constructed along the guard line, to screen the sentries from
the burning sun. All unnecessary duty was suspended in
the heat of the day, mornings and evenings witnessing great
activity in the camps and city. With the utmost care, the
regiment suffered severely from the heat. To the disabling
loss thus sustained, must be added that from reckless expen-
diture for pedler and sutler supplies, the injurious effects of
which on all regiments can hardly be overestimated. This
assails the good judgment, rather than the character of the
troops, and the kind rather than quality of goods obtained.
Consumers of such supplies were sure to be candidates for
the hospital, and for an early discharge or premature grave.
It would be most unjust to charge all invalids with such
improvidence, but it was an aggravating cause of many
difficulties, as army surgeons will testify. It is safe to say
no officer could exercise closer surveillance in diet and sani-
tary matters, or by example inculcate the principle of tem-
perance in all things, more fully than our commanding offi-
cer, Lieut. Col. Lyman.
August witnessed the gigantic blunder of Gen’l Halleck,
ordering Gen’l McClellan to withdraw from the Peninsula,
which being discovered by the keen watchfulness of the
Confederate Gen’l Lee, determined him to fall upon Gen’'l
Pope’s column at Cedar Mountain, and defeat our armies in
detail before concentration was possible. As early as the
9th, Jackson appeared before Gen’l Pope, but not until the
ATTACK UPON WASHINGTON, N. ©. 123
25th was the defeated Union column joined by the Army
of the Potomac. It was the old and inevitable story, ‘* de-
tachments assailed by the enemy in force,” the coolness and
dash of Gen’l Jackson serving him well in our extremity.
That more disastrous consequences did not result, was due
more to the invincible spirit of our subordinate officers and
their men, than to the skill with which the troops were han-
dled. There was no doubt that Gen’l Jackson was Gen'l
Lee’s right arm, and that his place was never filled after his
death. We are confident, however, he had reached the merid-
ian of his glory, and in future contests with our arms, Jack-
son’s fame, with that of his ‘* foot cavalry,” would have waned
like that of the once famous Stuart, and Wade Hampton,
with their cavalry. The crucible of war educated for the
Union, a group of officers with prudence, forethought, skill,
and bravery, which theory alone had failed to inculcate.
September 6th, a force of the enemy, consisting of eight
companies of infantry, two of cavalry, and one of artillery,
made a desperate attack upon Washington, N. C , then gar-
risoned by Companies A and B of the Twenty-Fourth Mas-
sachusetts Regiment, A and B of the First North Carolina
Regiment, with one company of cavalry, and Capt. Wall's
Battery of the Third New York Artillery. The enemy
entered the town without opposition, across the ‘* Grice
99
place,” evidently led by some one understanding our posi-
tion, and immediately surrounded the quarters of the
Twenty-Fourth Mass., while another force seized three
pieces of artillery upon the ‘* Hospital Green.”* Com-
panies A and B of the First North Carolina Regiment,
bravely cut their way to the quarters of the Twenty-Fourth
Mass. Fortunately, an expedition under Lieut. Col. Mix,
* It is worthy of record of the three pieces of artillery captured at this time, that
they were taken ffom our forces at Bull Run, Va., 1861; recovered by us at the bat-
tle of New Berne, March 14, 1862; now again recaptured by the enemy ; and two of
them were again retaken by us at Kinston, about three months later.
ALL ON OUTPOST DUTY. 125
124 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
, oo ie a ; ‘amp. This caused considerable discomfort to the men, but
consisting of four companies of the Third New 3 ork Cavalry,
rf WwW Battery, had landed ; ES gi
and four guns of Riggs’ Third New York B J soldiers, it was made an occasion of frolic and good humor.
D4 » the enem ny 5, |
at Washington during the night, unknown t ‘ 1 lef ‘i While this excitement was at its height, Companies A, C and
‘ ‘ 4(* y L¢ e t t 1ée T be ” . .
With Rainbow Bluff as an objective point, it hi I were ordered to Washington, N. C., and left at five Pp. m.
with that wonderful elasticity of temperament peculiar to
town about five o’clock a.m., but had gone but a short dis- on the steamer ** Ocean Wave,”
to relieve a detachment of
tance, before it was recalled by the sound of the mon c. the Twenty-Fourth Mass., at that place. The 14th, Com-
‘i enjnAaa YT ns yY a ,) 4 } a y < 4 7 f : 1? r ae | . a] : \ 1
At full speed they charged back to the town, ind cut the! panies B, D, E, F and G of the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Reg-
way to the Union barracks. The fight was of the most san-
iment, were ordered to Newport Barracks, an outpost on the
guinary character, from house to house, and tree to tree, the
railroad, central between New Berne and Beaufort. The
entire regiment was now on outpost duty, our positions being
citizens joined i in the fray against the Union troops, from win- separated,
dows and secreted spots. For two hours the battle fiercely
‘avalry charging and re-charging through the town; while
by the ordinary means of communication, by
upwards of one hundred and fifty miles.
raged, the enemy yielding from house to house, until about Why the Twenty-Seventh should be assigned so largely to
seven A.M., when they hastily withdrew, leaving forty-eight this duty, finds no explanation, except in Gen’l Fosters
killed and sixty wounded and prisoners. Our loss upon aud absolute confidence in their vigilance and courage. Wash-
was fifteen killed, and forty-seven wounded and prisoners. ington, N. C., was a most exposed position, Joneideidiig ie
The cause of the attack, beyond the seizing of stores and smallness of its garrison, and its menace to the enemy.
supplies, was to capture the two companies of native Union New Berne could not be attacked on its front, without first
volunteers, — called by them ‘* buffaloes,”— and by visiting assailing our detachment at Bachelor’s Creek, while no rear
condign punishment upon them, prevent further pnlib tanta or flank movement on that city, or attempt to interfere with
in our cause. One of these men being wounded, attempted its communication with Beaufort, could be made without
to reach his home, and was overtaken by a rebel cavalryman assailing us at Newport Barracks.
at his gate. The wounded man’s wife threw herself between The detachment at Washington was under command of
her husband and his pursuer, when the latter laid her head Lieut. Col. Lyman, that at Newport Barracks under Maj.
open with his sabre, and shot the father and a three-year-old W. G. Bartholomew, while Companies H and K still
cirl standing in the door. To add to the casualties, as the remained at Bachelor’s Creek under Capt. H. K. Cooley.
oundoat ‘«¢ Pickett ” was clearing for action, one of the hands The detachment at Newport Barracks was quartered in
went into the magazine, and by some carelessness, exploded ‘‘rude huts” plastered with mud, one of which they set
the same, killing Capt. Nichols and nineteen men, wounding apart as a chapel, and equipped with platform, desk and
six others, and : annihilating the steamer. seats. The position was surrounded with forests and marshes
On the 8th of September, two hundred recruits joined the filled with stagnant water, and was therefore peculiarly un-
regiment at New Berne, most of them brothers and friends healthy. Haverlock Station, also included in its Imes, was
of. the original men; and these soon proved themselves in the midst of chaparral swamps, so enervatiug and poison-
veterans in endurance and courage. The next day, in the ous as to break down the strongest constitution in a few days.
midst of a pouring rain, a heavy gale prostrated most of our
pe a
SOUNDS, RIVERS AND MARSHES. 127
126 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
of those chaps boring for oil in Pennsylvania, would only
We append an abstract from a consolidated morning report, import a few of these ‘ well-sinkers,’ he would be sure to
at which time D company had been there but one week. ; get the oil if there was any between him and China. [I tell
you, boys, for artesian work, fleas can’t be beat !”
Abstract of Consolidated Morning Report, Five Companies 27th Legiment Sentember 30th. C: ra . : : ;
Miassinchusetts' Vokunteers. September 50th, Capt. Sandford again paid his respects to
the enemy's outpost at Core Creek, capturing their camp
waseiiendt: tote: Su taal PRESENT. equipage, with nine horses and twenty carbines ; the enemy
|
lite A escaping through the failure of a detachme » Thir
COMMANDING OFFICER. For Duty. SICK. | hy | T > ‘ Ni Riis hes care _ - ee
PE 0s een OG wR Tee = | New York Cavalry to occupy the place assigned them.
| October 7th, by the courtesy of Major Folsom, Paymas-
ter U. S. A., the writer was invited to accompany him ona
STATION.
Newport Barracks, | Maj. W. G. Bartholomew. |
|
trip through the department, in connection with his official
duties, which opportunity we improve to give a clearer idea
of its configuration, forces and defences.
The line of occupation, as held by the Union arms, was
nearly due north and south; Winton and Plymouth on the
north, with Beaufort on the south, being a little east of the
longitude of Washington, D. C., while Washington and
New Berne were but a little west of the same. The country
| 9 (318 | occupied was traversed by not less than seven navigable
ee el —————————————— eo ———= streams, some penetrating far into the interior of the State.
| Field Officers.|
Officers.
| Enlisted men. |
|
|
| Co. Officers.
| Officers.
Enlisted men.
| Enlisted men.
Aggregate.
| Staff.
got
|
bo
Picket duty, scouting and foraging, fully occupied the Numerous smaller streams entered the sounds at frequent in-
time, the latter usually so exciting and remunerative, as to tervals, whilst Albermarle and Pamlico Sounds (when en-
compensate for the labor and risk. Here, for the first time, tered) woe furnish a safe harbor for the navies of the
our men remained «on picket” twenty-four hours without world. The larger part of the country was densely wooded
relief, the ever-present gnats, fleas, and mosquitoes poig- and marshy, with numerous lakes and bodies of stagnant
nantly assisting them in their vigils, while the only com- waters. Wherever the land emerges from the swamp,
fort afforded was the philosophical one, the soil at once assumes a light, sandy character, with forests
of pine, oak, black walnut and ash.
The marshes are fathomless swales, where vegetable mould
has accumulated for ages, until sufficient consistency has
“ Fleas have other fleas to bite ’em,
And these again have other ones,
And so ad infinitum.”
formed to crowd the bilious waters into meandering streams
The fleas at this place grew to a wonderful size, and were and intersecting and dividing pools of stagnant water. Into
plentiful in the extreme. One man musing over his discom- the slimy depths of mire, huge cone-shaped roots from the
fort said, ‘* They carry a biting apparatus equal to a two-inch cypress plunge for sustenance and support, while monster
auger, and are sure to reach hard-pan every time. If some
128 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
trees rise, with distended, paunch-like trunks, towering aloft
as if attempting to escape from their repulsive surround-
ings. Huge vines embrace their trunks like serpents, cross-
ing from tree to tree, and mingling in interminable snarls,
while the ‘‘ sweet briar,” which forms the undergrowth, for-
bids admission to, or exit from these confines. The river-
banks are low, disappearing almost imperceptibly at the
water line. Wherever the shores assume solidity, scatter-
ing fishermen’s homes cling close to the river, the scant
clearing around them showing they calculate little on the soil
for sustenance. ‘The lack of boldness and variety is pain-
fully apparent in all the scenery adjacent to the coast and
the water-courses of North Carolina.
Our sail down the Neuse and out on the restless Pamlico,
under a full-orbed moon, that October evening, furnished
inspiration to extend the stories of camp and field till nearly
midnight.
The next morning we landed at Washington, one hundred
twenty-five miles from New Berne. The town is built on
the northerly bank of the Pamlico River, and, excepting the
Grice Mansion, presents few attractions or evidences of thrift.
It is the shire-town of Beaufort County, was a slave-mart
before the war, with a considerable trade in naval stores, and
boasted of a church, an academy, a bank and a weekly news-
paper. Appearances indicated a low ebb of social life and
intelligence, whilst the decayed wharves, rickety buildings,
and unkempt surroundings, attested the indolence of their
owners and the lack of ordinary comforts. Few remained
except the women, and these were sullen and bitterly hostile.
During the later occupancy of this place, the Grice mansion,
with its serpentine, arbored walks, flowers and evergreens,
was appropriated for hospital purposes, because of the cov-
ert disloyalty of its owner.
The place was now garrisoned by Companies A, C and TI,
of the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regiment, two companies of
DEFENCES OF WASHINGTON. 129
the First North Carolina Union Volunteers, and one company
each of the Third New York Artillery and Third New York
Cavalry, all under command of Lieut. Col. Lyman, with
Capt. William H. Walker of Company C, Twenty-Seventh
Regiment, as Provost Marshal. This force was supple-
mented by three United States naval vessels, under com-
mand of Lieut. Commander R. D. Renshaw. The defences
consisted of a line of fortifications encircling the town half a
mile from its suburbs, with block-houses on the river, above
and below the town, and on the roads entering the place.
Fort Washington, at the centre of the line of works, and
rear of the town, guarded the approaches not enfiladed by the
navy. ‘These defences, and the naval vessels, mounted
twenty-seven guns, from a six-pound Wiard to a hundred-
pound Parrott. Opposite the town, a bridge of some fifteen
hundred feet spanned the river, affording direct land com-
munications with New Berne, forty miles distant.
After enjoying the hospitalities of the three companies
fiom the T'wenty-Seventh for a day, and gladdening them
with the regulation supply of greenbacks, we again turned
our prow toward the sound. Dark threatening clouds
mantled the sky, from which came livid flashes of lightning,
which rendered the darkness more impressive. The wake
of the vessel was a train of expanding phosphorescent light,
sparkling brightly under the steamer’s wheels, but fading as
it receded until lost in the distance. At length the storm
broke with a deluge of rain, which quelled the surging
waves to a long, smooth swell, through which we sped our
way to Plymouth. Taking the southern channel of the
Roanoke, we passed a country loyal to the most dismal
description given of North Carolina.
Plymouth is situated upon the southerly side of the Roan-
oke, about nine miles from its mouth, and a mile below the
head of the islands, which here divide the river into three
channels. Although only thirty-six miles from Washington,
130 I'WENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
and seventy-six from New Berne by land, yet the distance by
steamer was two hundred miles fromeither place. The town
is surrounded by death-breeding miasmatic swamps, and the
sallow fever-and-ague tint was equally observable on citi-
zens and soldiers. It was garrisoned by one company each
of the Ninth New York and First North Carolina Union
Volunteers, with a detachment of the Third New York Cavy-
alry. Its defences consisted of a line of fortifications encir-
cling the town from river to river; with several contiguous
outlying forts, built under the personal supervision of Capt.
farquhar of the Engineer Corps. With the naval force
which covered the town and guarded the river approaches,
it was considered invulnerable to any attack likely to be
made against it. At this time the town contained quite a
number of ornamental residences and business marts, but
Jater was nearly destroyed by the enemy.
While here, Capt. Calhoun of the steamer « Hunchback,”
furnished the author the following account of an engage-
ment up the Chowan River. An aid of Gen’l Dix at Fort-
ress Monroe, communicated with our naval authorities, desir-
ing the fleet to co-operate with them in an attack on the
enemy along the Blackwater River. The ‘ Commodore
Perry,” Commander Flusser, and the «§ Hunchback,” Capt.
Calhoun, were assigned the duty, and six A. M., September
27th, was fixed for the attack. This date proved too early
for Gen’l Dix, but before his aid returned, the above-named
vessels were anchored at Winton, a few miles below the scene
of the morrow’s conflict.
At six o’clock, the 6th, the vessels were promptly at the
place assigned, fired the signal gun for action, and at the
same time commenced cautiously ascending the Blackwater
River, which was so narrow that a desperate foe might board
them from either bank. Suddenly, a musketry fire raked
the vessels from stem to stern, cutting down the ‘* Perry’s”
flag. Everything was ready for close action, and for
Bee Ne I EE Se ee a
FIGHT UPON THE BLACKWATER. 131
four hours they kept up the unequal contest, with grape,
shrapnel and half-second shell, hoping each moment to hear
the sound of friendly arms to their relief. Twice during the
engagement, Commander Flusser sent forward a man to raise
the stars and stripes, each of whom fell lifeless at the foot of
the flag-staff. Seeing this, Flusser rushed to the spot, raised
his colors midst a storm of bullets, and returned unharmed,
though his clothing was riddled by shot. He then went to
a gunner, saying, ‘* ’ll show you how to cut a fuse,” stoop-
ing at the same time and cutting it close, when a ball passed
over him, piercing the heart of his gunner, who fell upon
him. Their ammunition being nearly exhausted, and failing
to hear from Gen’! Dix, they reversed their engines to drop
down the river. Fortunately the two vessels were armed
ferry-boats, and could move with facility in either direction,
as it was impossible for them to turn.
A new difficulty now heset them. During the engage-
ment, a detachment of the enemy had felled trees from both
banks into the river below, completely obstructing return.
With a resource never failing them in an emergency, they
fastened the two steamers stern to stern, and with a full
head of steam ploughed their way through the obstructions.
Their huge guns thundered forth storms of iron hail, with
awful concussion, and terrible havoc, as they ran the gaunt-
let of the blockade. It was gallantly done; the enemy giv-
ing up the contest, if the vessels would only retire from
their front. Capt. Calhoun modestly refused to speak of
his deeds, which others averred were no less daring than
those of Capt. Flusser, there being not less than one thousand
scars from musket-balls upon his boat. It is needless to say
to the Twenty-Seventh, that when he got at work, something
got a ‘* terrible Hunchback.” It is worthy of record of these
commanders, that an order to rendezvous at, or attack :
place, was construed to mean just what it said, and exe-
cuted accordingly ; and no disaster or disappointment befell
132 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
from dereliction of duty on their part. The r
esults of battle
in am
| ajority of cases, turn on the simple matter of punctu-
ality and literal obedience to orde
rs; a lesson not laid to
1e
art, until tens of thousands of our rank and file had shed
their blood to compensate for the jealousy, tardiness, or
duplicity of some ** general officer.” It was a tower of
strength to any threatened position to say, that the «*Com-
modore Perry ” or «* Hunchback ” was there ; and, after this
encounter, the enemy gave them a wide berth.
At noon of the 11th, we left for Wingfield, forty-five
miles up the Chowan; and the most northerly point occupied
by us in the State. The Chowan River, like the Neuse and
Pamlico, is really, for many miles, a broad estuary from the
sound, but unlike them, abounds in undulating shores with
commanding bluffs, and compares more favorably with our
northern rivers, for variety and beauty of scenery. The
headquarters of the post was at the house of Dr. Dillards,
Whose discretion had led him to seek the company of more
congenial spirits. The defences at this point were a block-
house and a line of rifle-pits. Asa last resort, in case of
an overpowering attack, they could retreat to the river
under cover of the Union fleet. The position was valuable
only as a point of observation, and was garrisoned by a
DOPAPODY..0f the First North Carolina, aapaihed in that vicin-
ity by Lieut. James J, McLane, a former member of the
Swen ifth Mass. The men enlisted under condition that
they should be allowed to guard their homes, and more valu-
able service ths . rs
an these loyal sons of North Carolina gave,
Pager Sen? 88 exposed position, but they insisted
1at with their knowledoe
for | apap knowledge of the country, and their love
ere and friends, they could render their most effective
ser oe .
vice here. We cannot lose the opportunity of recording
our appreciation of the loyal sons of the Old North State,
who j ‘ i .
» in every engagement, fought with a bravery born of
mee einer Cian —— - a
SS EE LS aT
EDENTON AND SHILOH. 133
desperation, knowing the fate awaiting them if they fell into
traitor hands.
On leaving Wingfield we visited the beautiful town of
Edenton, so like many of our New England villages. This
town, under the wise administration of Mayor James Nor-
cum, a staunch Union man, was, as by mutual consent,
neutral ground. The almost constant presence of our navy
in the bay rendered the place untenable for the enemy.
Our party went ashore unarmed, but, being advised by the
mayor of a body of guerrillas lingering near the town, con-
sidered discretion the better part of valor, and withdrew to
our steamer.
The next morning we arrived at Shiloh, a post on the
Pasquetank River, garrisoned by another company of the
First North Carolina Union Volunteers. The water at the
landing being shallow, a negro with a mule and cart drove
out some two hundred feet, and backed his eart to the
steamer, leaving only the side raves above water. Some
pieces of board were laid across the top, when the negro with
a grim smile called out, ‘‘ All aboard for de shoa!” We
were not unexpected or unwelcome guests, for the right
number of horses awaited to carry us to the camp, some
three miles distant. Here we found a fine, intelligent body
of men, with a discipline and a perfection of accoutrements
rarely excelled. The camp was well situated, with high
and dry surroundings, but like Wingfield, was valuable only
as a point of observation. The next day we returned to
Roanoke Island, — of which a description has already been
given, — where we revisited the battle-field and the graves
of our fallen comrades, reaching New Berne the afternoon
of the 14th.
134 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
CHAPTER VI.
TARBORO EXPEDITION.
Unper the exigencies of service, the government had
called for seventy-five thousand nine months’ troops; decid-
ing to throw such a force into the Southern departments, as
to insure them against successful assault during the truce of
winter in Virginia, and if possible, to enable them to assume
the offensive. Accordingly the following regiments were
assigned to North Carolina, arriving as stated below.
Third Mass., Col. Silas G. Richmond, one thousand and twenty-
four men, arrived October 27th.
Fifth Mass., Col. George H. Pierson, nine hundred and eighty-
four men, arrived October 27th.
Eighth Mass., Col. Frederick J. Coffin, nine hundred and eighty-
four men, arrived November 30th.
Forty-Third Mass., Col. Charles S. Holbrook, one thousand and
seventy-six men, arrived November 15th. |
Forty-Fourth Mass., Col. Francis L. Lee, one thousand and
forty-seven men, arrived October 26th.
Forty-Fifth Mass., Col. Charles R. Codman, one thousand and
twenty-five men, arrived November 15th.
Forty-Sixth Mass., Col. George Bowler, nine hundred and eighty
men, arrived November 15th.
Fifty-First Mass., Col. A. B. R. Sprague, nine hundred and
seventy-three men, arrived November 30th.
Total, eight thousand and ninety-three men.
By thoughtless remarks, a temporary spleen was engen-
dered between some of the veteran and new regiments, but
in active service this for the most part disappeared.
OUR NINE MONTHS’ MEN. 135
The Forty-Sixth Massachusetts Regiment and Company H,
Capt. George R. Davis, of the Eighth Massachusetts Regi-
ment, were kith and kin of the Twenty-Seventh, and were
recruited from their homes. From the outset, the most ami-
‘able feeling existed toward these men, and, if ‘‘ the Forty-
Sixth felt inspired with the confidence and invincible spirit of
veterans when standing shoulder to shoulder with us,” we
also felt that the same blood coursed in their veins, and they
could be relied upon for any duty assigned them. Among
their rank and file, as well as officers, were men who stood
high in civil life, morally, socially and politically ; men who
had been not only counsellors and executors of the law,
but lawgivers; business men, under whose prudent care,
vast enterprises had sprung up, giving prosperity to entire
communities, and furnishing sustenance to those whom war
had bereft of the strong arm of support. Soon after their
arrival, Col. Bowler was obliged to return home, and was
succeeded by Col. William S. Shurtleff, a gentleman of
finished attainments, reliable and efficient as an officer; and
of personal magnetism and fearlessness. He has long
served the county of Hampden as its judge of probate, ably
seconded by Samuel B. Spooner, his former major, as regis-
ter.
The Third Regiment was raised in Plymouth County, the
Fifth and Eighth in Essex County, the Forty-Third, Forty-
Fourth and Forty-Fifth in the vicinity of Boston ; while the
Fifty-First was a Worcester regiment, and held the same
relation to the Twenty-Fifth Mass. as the Forty-Sixth to
the Twenty-Seventh.
During the evening of October 29th, Major Bartholomew,
at Newport Barracks, had orders to be ready to move with his
detachment, in three hours, or upon the return of the train
from Beaufort. It was two o’clock the morning of the 30th,
however, before the train arrived, and three o’clock when we
reached New Berne. Here we remained until eight, a.m.,
ee a
ee
136 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
when we boarded the steamer ‘* Pawtuxent,” and arrived at
Washington, N. C., the 31st inst. We were accompanied by
other vessels, with the Fifth, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth
and Twenty-Fifth Mass., Fifth R. I., Tenth Conn., and
Ninth New Jersey Regiments. On the afternoon of October
30th, Col. T. J. C. Amory, with the Seventeenth and Forty-
Fourth Mass., Third N. Y. Artillery, and Third N. Y.
Cavalry, left New Berne by the overland route, expecting
to reach Washington by the night of the 31st.. They reached
Swift Creek at sundown, the 30th, and found the enemy had
destroyed the bridge, but made no effort to repair the same
until the following day. On this account, he failed to reach
Washington until dark, November 1st, a full day behind
time.
During the delay, Capt. James M. Pendleton, an aid to
Gen’! Foster, in hurrying to deliver an order, jumped on a
strange, high-spirited horse, and dashed down the street.
On the way, the animal shied and threw him against a tree,
breaking three ribs, one of which pierced his lungs, and,
with other severe injuries, resulted in death. Thus sud-
denly was removed a man of more than usual promise, who
had volunteered his services, paid his own expenses, and
lived the rough life of a soldier, without other remuneration
than the consciousness of his country’s approval. He dis-
tinguished himself at Roanoke Island and New Berne,
receiving complimentary notice therefor, and was always
ready where duty called, whether on the march or the field of
battle. He was about thirty years of age, and a native of
New York City, whither his remains were forwarded.
The troops present were temporarily brigaded as fol-
lows : —
First Brigade, Col. T. J. C. Amory commanding: Twenty-
Third Mass., five companies ; Seventeenth Mass., six companies ;
Twenty-Fifth Mass., five companies; two sections Third N. Y.
Artillery, four guns. :
Seta rR
THE TARBORO EXPEDITION. 137
Second Brigade, Col. Thomas G. Stevenson, commanding:
Twenty-Fourth Mass., five companies; Forty-Fourth Mass., ten
companies; Fifth Rhode Island, five companies; Tenth Conn.,
eight companies; Belge1’s Battery, six guns.
Third Brigade, Col. H. C. Lee, commanding: Twenty-Seventh
Mass., six companies; Ninth New Jersey, six companies; and
Fifth Mass., ten companies; with Batteries B, H and K, Third
N. Y. Artillery, sixteen guns; the whole force a
OO
OD
ll
_s ry ~
regating some
<
five thousand men, and twenty-eight pieces of arti
The other companies of these regiments remained as camp
guards or upon outpost duty.
The column moved the morning of November 2d, Steven-
son’s Brigade in advance, capturing some of the enemy’s
pickets at six miles, and their camp at nine miles, the latter
having been deserted on our approach. The country was
level, with light, sandy soil, and an almost unbroken forest
of pine. At four P M. our advance came upon the Twenty-
Sixth North Carolina Regiment, with a section of Moore’s
Battery, strongly posted at Old Ford, four miles from Wil-
liamston. The Twenty-Fourth and Forty-Fourth Massachu-
setts Regiments, with Belger’s Battery, engaged them, charg-
4
ing across the creek and swamp, the enemy retreating
precipitately to Rhall’s Mills, from which position they were
driven by the same force. Our loss in these two engage-
‘ments was three killed and thirteen wounded; that of the
enemy, ten killed and twenty-nine wounded. The move-
ment was continued until two o’clock a M., the morning of
the 3d, when we bivouacked in a cornfield in the midst of a
heavy rain.
At eight o’clock the 3d, the march was resumed, the
Twenty-Seventh Mass. in advance, supported by Lee’s
Brigade, the expectation being that the enemy would con-
test the occupation of Williamston. We found the place
deserted by both troops and citizens, however, and the gun-
boats ** Hetzel,” «* Hunchback,” «¢ Commodore Perry,” ‘‘Sey-
138 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
mour,” and ‘* Valley City,” lying opposite the town. It
would not do to attempt a description of the carnival of
five thousand hungry men in a deserted town. Groceries,
dry goods and ** wet goods,” too, were at a large discount,
and bolted doors as useless as curtains of gauze to keep out
intruders. Coercive excess was unknown, guards being
placed over all tenanted premises ; but deserted supplies were
legitimate trophies of war. At three p.m. we moved about
five miles, and encamped for the night in a cornfield. The
morning of the 4th we advanced on Rainbow Bluff. Here
the enemy had a fort pierced for five guns, with a line of
breastwork extending half a mile into the woods, across the
Hamilton Road. The works were evacuated upon our
approach, and when our fleet came in sight, they found them
fully manned, with the ‘* flag of our Union” over them, and
a garrison which welcomed them with deafening cheers.
Rainbow Bluff was upon the southerly bank of the Roanoke
River, fifty feet high, and was a point from which the
enemy had several times repelled the attacks or further
advance of our gunboats. Hamilton was deserted on our
arrival, the roads being strewed with furniture and apparel
dropped in the hasty stampede of the owners. The army
bivouacked that night upon a large plantation three miles
beyond Hamilton, finding a large supply of poultry, pork,
corn and sweet potatoes. The whole encampment could be
seen at a glance, and, with its hundreds of bivouac fires, was
brilliantly grand.
Our movements thus far indicated Weldon as our objective
point, towards which the enemy were hastening all their
available forces; but on the morning of the 5th, we turned
sharply to the south, finding no enemy until within seven
miles of Tarboro. Leaving a brigade to occupy their
attention, the main body made a considerable detour to
within four miles of Tarboro, with a view of intercept-
ing and capturing three regiments known to have had an
COUNCIL OF WAR, AND RETURN. 139
encampment near. The enemy’s indisposition either to be
amused, or fight, led them to fall back upon the town, and
thus that which proved to be the real object of the expedi-
tion, failed of accomplishment. Throughout the night the
moving of trains at Tarboro was heard, which our scouts,
as well as prisoners captured during the night, reported to
be the arrival of reinforcements to the enemy.
In view of the failure of the original plan of the expedi-
tion, Gen’! Foster deemed it wise to convene a ** council of
war” of his field officers, to consider the advisability of a fur-
ther advance. At this council, the lateness of the season,
and a threatening storm, with Coneeto Swamp in our rear,
and evidence of a considerable reinforcement to the enemy,
led the council, with but three dissenting voices, to vote to
return, and it was so ordered. The reported reinforcements
proved to be a myth, and the sound of the moving trains was
but the noise of their hasty evacuation, as was proved by
later scouts, and by the picking up on the road of the Tar-
boro post-office stamp. On the morning of the 6th, we
retraced our course to Hamilton, through a rain which ren-
dered the roads inconceivable to those unacquainted with
the wretchedness of Southern thoroughfares in rainy weather.
Much of the way, the road was a deep mortar-bed, of perfect
boot-jack adhesiveness, through which horses and artillery
ploughed and floundered, while drivers and dragoons cursed
and lashed the helpless animals wallowing beneath them.
‘¢T say, Jack,” said one of Howard’s Marine Artillery, ‘* this
is sort a retreat, ain’t it?” ‘* H—1! no,” was the reply,
‘* this is a stragetic movement !”
After a night’s rest, with an abundance of supplies fur-
nished by foragers, we resumed our march in the midst of a
storm of snow and sleet, which lasted the entire day. We
arrived at Williamston late in the evening, and found com-
fortable quarters within its deserted houses. The storm
continued during the 8th, and the jaded troops were allowed
140 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
to remain in shelter, while the sick and maimed were placed
upon the gunboats. During the day our troops cut down
the public ‘* whipping-post,” and burned the jail. Previous
to our approach, this jail had contained thirty Union men,
who were manacled and tied to the baggage wagons of the
retreating rebels. The darkies clustered around the burning
building in an exuberance of joy, one exclaiming, ‘* Bress de
Lord! dis yere chile’s prayer am herd! Bress de Lord for
de Yankees an Massa Linkum! ” It had been a « black hole
of Calcutta,” a modern inquisition to those now rejoicing
over its destruction.
On the morning of the 9th, as the troops were awaiting
orders to move, Chaplain Woodworth rode along the line,
saying, ‘* Boys, this is the Sabbath, and as we cannot have
other religious exercises, can’t we all join in the Doxology ! ”
Comrade Oliver A. Clark of Company A, to whom music
and the sentiment were both inspiring, led off ina clear,
strong voice. Like electricity it sped from line to line, and
the rising sun witnessed five thousand warriors with uncov-
ered heads, singing ‘* Praise God from whom all blessings
’
flow.” We marched to within four miles of Plymouth,
during the day, and arrived at that place about noon the
10th. Here, the troops were embarked for New Berne,
the T'wenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. remaining as guard over
the artillery and baggage, until it could be removed.
The total loss of the expedition was three killed and thir-
teen wounded, the only engagement being at Rhall’s Mills.
In the absence of the usual order to place this engagement
on our flags, the Forty-Fourth Mass. inscribed it on their
pipes. The result of the expedition was the capture of two
hundred horses and mules, a month’s supplies for our forces,
and the development of a considerable Union sentiment in
that section of the State.
Brig. Gen’! Martin, in command of the Confederates at
Kinston, supposing the baggage and artillery train would
_ a oreo ESS a 2 ee ee a
SIRE ae a ae ee x er ngs
: Sse " so nat
a eee a= ee ae
a a
ATTACK UPON BACHELOR’S CREEK. 141
retrace its course via land to New Berne, despatched a force
to capture it. Upon the 12th, he also made a demonstration
against our outposts at the Red House, and at the Harrison
House near New Berne; and about nine Pp. m. had forced the
pickets back to the fortifications. At midnight, the Thirty-
First North Carolina Regiment appeared before Bachelor’s
Creek, with a view of capturing Companies H and K of the
Twenty-Seventh Mass. Reg’t, which still held its position.
Capt. Cooley opened fire upon them from the block-
house, while Corp. Innman of Company K (an old artil-
leryman) secured a pair of cart-wheels, and by the aid
of a few comrades, rushed them around, hurridly giving the
various orders incident to the arrival and limbering for action
of artillery. Whatever the effect of this ruse, the enemy
suddenly withdrew for reinforcements. Before these could
arrive, the enemy obtained information that the fleet from
Plymouth was landing at New Berne, and beat a hasty
retreat. Capts. Cooley and Sandford were highly compll-
mented for their courage and efficiency in holding the posi-
tion during the night. -Gen’l Martin’s force at Swift Creek,
was equally disappointed, for the prize they coveted was
safely at Plymouth, in the keeping of Major Bartholomew
and the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt.
November 22d, Assistant Surgeon Franklin L. Hunt,
with Mr. Tanner, our sutler’s clerk, and a cavalry vidette,
were riding on the Jamesville road, two miles from Washing-
ton, when Mr. Tanner heard a noise like the click of a gun-
lock, and wheeled his horse without warning his companions.
In doing this he received a charge of buckshot, riddling his
clothes and badly lacerating his horse, but was able to make
good his escape. Surgeon Hunt and the vidette, who were
slightly in advance, received the fire without warning, the
former falling forward in his saddle, mortally wounded.
His body fell to the ground as his horse wheeled to fol-
low the vidette, who, though seriously wounded, galloped
142 T'WENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
back to town. A s uad of cavalry was at once despatched
j y ;
and recovered the body of Surgeon Hunt, though it w
stripped of uniform, arms, and valuables.
examination revealed the fact that his left t
shattered, and that sufficiently to have cause
nine other wounds were found on his person. The as-
sassins were doubtless Walker’s cavalry guerrillas, who had
been frequenting the vicinity of Washington, N. C., for some
months. The body was embalmed and forwarded to New
Berne. It was awaiting transportation home, when _ his
brother arrived as captain of Company I, Fifty-First M
and met a greeting from the icy hand of death
the warm welcome he expected.
held at New Berne, December 7th,
as
A. post-mortem
high was badly
d death, though
ass.,
, Instead of
Funeral obsequies were
on the return of the
regiment from Plymouth. Dr. Otis said of Surgeon Hunt:
‘*He was a faithful and excellent physician,
popular with
the soldiers, and much respected and trusted by myself.”
‘*Cyrus” of the ‘“‘Hampshire Gazette” wrote, ‘It is suff
ciently expressive of our estimation of him to §
say his memoir
is written on a thousand hearts.” He was, at the time of his
death, post surgeon of Washington, N. C., and though but
three months with the regiment, he had secured its confi-
dence. His love and enthusiasm for his profe
carried him through a season of unusual t¢
endurance.
ston, Mass.
November 24th, Lieut. Cushing, with the
‘* Ellis,” steamed twenty-two miles
Onslow, and securing all the stores
the following morning.
ssion had
ax upon skill and
He left a wife and two children at West Boyl-
gunboat
up New Creek to
possible, started back
Eight miles below, a masked bat-
tery opened upon him, which was silenced, as also several
others en route, during the day. On reaching the mouth of
the creek, they found it obstructed by sunken
battery of four guns covering them.
battery for twenty-four hours, when,
flats, with a
They engaged this
finding themselves
A ELIT AL SA A
LIEUT. WOOD'S STRATEGY. 143
aground, they blew up the ‘* Ellis,” and maaten Bren eguene
in small boats. They reached Beaufort the 28th, wi 1
three schooners captured in Bogue Sound, one of which
was loaded with cotton and naval stores.
The six companies remaining at Plymouth under Major
Bartholomew were several times called to arms by attacks
on the picket line. Learning the whereabouts of a partion
of Walker’s cavalry, Lieut Pliny Wood of Company F,
received permission of Major Bartholomew to attempt on
capture. With a detachment of three non-commissionec
officers and twenty privates of the various companies, and .
negro guide, he left Plymouth at night for ‘up ron <
In spite of darkness, rain and snags, they toiled up the river
through branches and creeks till three o'clock the morning
of the 21st, a distance of twenty-five miles. After landing
and finding the coast clear, they marched four and a a
miles through woods and swamps to the wre — ye od
liamston, a mile above, and in the rear of 5 hiloah ‘
where the cavalry were quartered. Finding the she
quiet, Lieut. Wood divided his force into three —
each under command of a non-commissioned officer, with
xplicit instructions.
Be was now gray dawn, and, advancing by the ~—
quick, they divided so as to command the min gratis
when within a few rods (though ne ad gees
church), Lieut. Wood shouted, ‘* First sotbesces, vgs
Front! Ready !” which was responded to by the nga =
third divisions on different sides of the church, “ :
Front! Ready!” The confused rebels, before they = =
to collect their senses, found the lieutenant at the one :
manding immediate and unconditional gutsaras sii aoe
sergeant, in obedience to the demand, marche hi —
sixteen men, and while some of our boys secured the . . '
and equipments, others seized their meee gts ‘ee es
At length the rebel sergeant asked, ‘* Where in h—1 are j
144 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
uns men?” and when told to ‘* see them,” angrily exclaimed,
‘Is that all? If we had known that, we would have given
you uns a merry fight, by ! You uns did that right
pert, but you aint got the pickets yet!” The countersign
was extorted from a prisoner, and Seret. , with Pri-
vates Hooper of A, and Madison of F, were detailed to
relieve the pickets. This duty was successfully accom-
plished with four additional prisoners, and their horses.
The party arrived at Plymouth about noon, with twenty
prisoners, their arms and equipments, twenty-five horses,
twelve mules, and forty coutrabands; all without the
firing of a gun. The regiment captured thirty-five other
prisoners while upon scouts in the vicinity of Plymouth.
December 2d, orders were received for the Twenty-Sev-
enth Mass. Regt. to return to New Berne, where we arrived
the 3d, having been away thirty-five days without overcoats,
blankets or change of clothing. We had been absent from
Plymouth just a week, when the garrison at that place was
surprised at early morning, and driven to the cover of the
gunboats. The enemy were in possession of the town nearly
an hour, during which time they burned the larger part of
the place, and, after having robbed her of several thousand
dollars, murdered Mrs. John Phelps, an esteemed. and de-
fenceless Union woman.
Ce ee ene em a lll tena
A NEW AWAKENING.
CHAPTER VII.
KINSTON, WHITEHALL AND GOLDSBORO.
THE assigning of Gen’l Burnside to the command of the
Army of the Potomac, upon the relief of Gen’l McClellan
in November, awoke the Department of North Carolina to
eager expectation, as the close relationship between the
departments, and the value of our position as a menace to
the enemy, led us to believe that any important movement
by Gen’l Burnside would involve essential co-operation by
us. In this we were correct; for the plan of assault upon
Fredericksburg, December 13th, included a simultaneous
attack by Gen’l Peck, upon Weldon, N. C., and also of
Gen’l Foster upon Goldsboro ; both being important positions
on the enemy’s seaboard line of communication, and favor-
able diversions for the more important movement on the
Rappahannock. -To guard against unfavorable contingen-
cies, Wessel’s Brigade at Suffolk, Va., was ordered to ren-
dezvous upon the Chowan, and transportation was furnished
them to New Berne, where they arrived December 9th.
This brigade consisted of the Eighty-Fifth, Ninety-Second
and Ninety-Sixth New York Regiments, Eighty-Filth, One
Hundred and First, and One Hundred and Third Pennsyl-
vania Regiments, with an aggregate strength of twenty-one
oS
hundred men; and increased that of the department to about
sixteen thousand infantry, beside cavalry and artillery.
Detachments of the Third, Forty-Fifth and Forty-Sixth
Massachusetts Regiments were despatched to the various
posts and picket stations to relieve the veteran troops, and
146 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
the Eighth Massachusetts placed in charge of New Berne
and tg: fortifications ; leaving an offensive force of twelve
thousand men and forty-six pieces of artillery for the duty
assioned.
The army as now constituted, consisted of
Lee’s Brigade. — Third, Fifth, Twenty-Fifth, Twenty-Seventh
and Forty-Sixth Mass. Regiments.
Stevenson’s Brigade. —Eighth, Twenty-Fourth, Forty-Fourth
Mass., Fifth R. I., and Tenth Conn. Regiments.
Amory’s Brigade. — Seventeenth, Twenty-Third, Forty-Third,
Forty-Fifth and Fifty-First Mass. Regiments.
Wessell’s Brigade. — Eighty-Fifth, Ninety-Second, Ninety-Sixth
1 ee oi Fighty-Fifth, One Hundred and First, One Hundred and
Third Penn. Regiments.
Artillery Brigade, Maj. Kennedy. — First R. I. Battery, F, Capt.
James Belger, four ten-pound Parrotts, and two howitzers.
} 3attery B, Capt. Morrison, six twelve-pound Napoleons; Bat-
tery E, Lieut. G. E. Ashby, two thirty-two-pound howitzers, two
twenty-pound Parrotts; Battery F, Capt. Jenny, six ten-pound
Wiards, rifled; Battery H, Capt. Riggs, six twelve-pound Na-
poleons ; Battery K, Capt. Angel, six three-inch Rodmans, iron ; and
Battery I, Lieut. G. W. Thomas, four twenty-four-pound Parrotts ;
all of the Third N. Y. Artillery. One section Twenty-Third N. Y.
Battery, Capt. Jay E. Lee, two twenty-four-pound Parrotts. One
section Twenty-Fourth N. Y. Battery, Capt. Alfred Ransom, two
twelve-pound Wiards, rifled. Battery C, First U. 5. Artillery,
four twenty-pound Parrotts.
; ‘ a N¢ Té XT . -
The Ninth New Jersey and Third New York Cavalry reg-
iments were an independent column to act as the advance.
Three hundred negroes from the contraband camp at New
Berne, joined the expedition as pioneers under the direction
of Henry W. Wilson, a master carpenter.
va at a ee egos en et ee
Se ee ee ae ca ee eee
a gee
Ce ae ee a Am ta . ame ——
SKIRMISHING BY THE WAY. 147
by Stevenson’s, Amory’s, and Lee’s Brigades. At a distance
of fourteen miles, the roads were found so obstructed by
felled trees that the force bivouacked for the night, while the
pioneers cleared the obstructions. The next morning, with
the Ninth New Jersey as skirmishers, the column advanced
to Vine Swamp Road, where Capt. Hall, with three compan-
ies of cavalry, was ordered to advance up the direct road to
Kinston; while the main body went up the Vine ‘* Swamp
Road,” flanking the enemy’s works and obstructions. Capt.
Mall, after asharp skirmish, and the loss of two killed, drove
the enemy from their position, capturing eighteen prisoners.
.The main column was delayed at ‘* Beaver Creek,” to replace
the bridge, which, when completed, the Fifty-First Mass. and
the Twenty-Third N. Y. Battery were left to protect, as well
as to hold the cross-road, and support Capt. Hall if neces-
sary. The Twenty-Seventh Mass. bivouacked late at night
in a cornfield eleven miles from Kinston, and, with the
main body, soon made fuel of every length of fence in the
surrounding fields. By some oversight, Quartermaster Tyler
failed to provide the usual rations of meat, and hard-tack
with tea proved hardly sufficient to satisfy the cravings of
soldiers in active service. It goes for saying it, every defi-
_
Cc
ciency was fully made up by our foragers.
On the morning of the 13th we again left the main road
to the right, leaving the Forty-Sixth Mass., with one seec-
tion of the Twenty-Fourth N. Y. Battery, to hold the posi-
tion, and make a feint upon the direct road. About nine
o'clock, Capt Cole’s company of cavalry came upon the enemy
at Southwest Creek, protected by earthworks and four guns.
Finding it impossible to reach their position, the bridge
being partly destroyed, Morrison’s Battery was brought into
position under cover of which the Ninth New Jersey crossed
the creek and ravine above, and the EKighty-Fifth Penn.,
about half a mile below the bridge, supported by the Twenty-
At early morn, December llth, in the midst of a fog so
dense as to obscure objects ten feet distant, Gen’l Wessell’s
206 9 TO . i) eh i
Brigade advanced by the ‘* Trent road,” followed in orde
Third Mass., when the Ninth charged the enemy’s position,
CAPTURE OF KINSTON. 149
148 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
the bridge, with four pieces of artillery and five hundred
apturing a six-pound gun and caisson, with twenty prison- stand of arms. The enemy retreated across the Neuse, and
~ ~ ; , - ) J < ow J ‘ 5 « 4
ers. After rebuilding the bridge, the column advanced by fired the bridge previously made ready for destruction, in
two roads upon Kinston. Major Gerrard, with three com- saving which Col. Grey, of the Ninety-Sixth New York, was
panies of cavalry and a section of artillery, made a recon- instantly killed by the discharge of a musket in the fire. A
noissance ten miles upon the Whitehall road, but finding no slight but ineffectual resistance was made by the enemy at
enemy, rejoined the main column, then in bivouac four miles | the bridge, but Stevenson’s, Wessell’s and Amory’s troops
from Kinston. As a matter of precaution, lights or fires were crossed over to the town, and our artillery supported
were not permitted, but the pine woods in a measure, pro- by Lee’s Brigade brought into position. Batteries E and I,
tected the Twenty-Seventh from the inclemency of the Third New York, with their Parrott guns, were ordered to
night. open upon Gen’l Evans, who had taken a new position at
It was of this action, the Confederate commander sent the Washington Hill, two miles above Kinston, but before our
following despatch, which, contrasted with the facts narrated, troops could be brought forward, he beat a hasty retreat.
1c waru « “yaactive \, ; ey we. is .
is very suggestive. Capt. Cole, Company K, Third Cavalry, and a section of Bat-
r ron = T ~ a 229 ai a ry . . e
Kinston, N. C., Dec. 14, 1862. tery F, Third Artillery, later in the day went down to the
To Gen'L Cooper, Adjt. Gen’l, etc., Richmond, Va. blockade, capturing a battery of seven guns, two of which
Gen’l Foster attacked Kinston, N. C., yesterday, with fifteen were those captured from Washington, N. C., September
thousand men and nine gunboats. I fought them ten hours, and 6th.
have driven them back to their gunboats. His army is still in my . The Twenty-Seventh Mass. bivouacked just on the out-
front bs 1% : fm
svat ia skirts of* Kinston, and it would be cl: o
N. G. Evans, Maj. Gen’l Com'g. ; ld be claiming too much to
say that hens, turkeys, geese, bristled grunters, and sweet
Sunday, the 14th, we advanced within a mile of Kinston, potatoes, not to mention quantities of apple-jack, and deli-
where the enemy were found strongly posted ; secured on the
right by a deep swamp, and their left by the river. The
Ninth New Jersey, with Wessell’s Brigade, attacked them,
Batteries B, F and I, Third N. Y. Artillery, and Belger’s
Battery, being placed advantageously on the right of
the road half a mile to the rear, supported by Lee’s
Brigade at double column of half distance. A fierce artil-
lery fire was waged until one o’clock, under which a portion
of Stevenson’s and Amory’s Brigades, with Belger’s Battery
were advanced, when the Tenth Connecticut, Lieut. Col.
Leggit, gallantly charged across the swamp under a murder- ;
ous fire and forced the enemy to a precipitate retreat. Col. return of the cavalry, the place was evacuated, and its stores
Mullet of the Sixty-Eighth North Carolina Regiment with
his entire battalion, was captured by the Tenth Conn. near
cious scuppernong wine, did not furnish a temptation before
which all scruples failed. Our losses for the day had been
thirty-eight killed and one hundred and eighty-five wounded,
of which number nearly one-half were from our brave com-
rades of the Tenth Conn. The loss of the enemy was two
hundred killed and wounded, four hundred prisoners, five
hundred stand of arms, and eleven cannon, besides ammu-
nition, equipments and stores. The morning of the 15th,
while Major Fitzsimmons,: with three companies of the Third
Cavalry, were making a feint above Kinston, the troops
were withdrawn to the south of the Neuse, and upon the
T . x
and the Neuse bridge destroyed. We advanced seventeen
casein ae eee
150 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
miles without opposition during the day, and bivouacked.
ces |
Major Gerrard, with a battalion of cavalry and a section of
Jenny’s Battery, reconnoitered four miles beyond to White-
hall; a rebel regiment and battery stationed there, retreating
across and firing the bridge. Discovering an ironclad under
construction upon the opposite bank of the Neuse, Major Ger-
rard called for volunteers to attempt its destruction, which
was responded to by Henry Butler of Company C, Third
N. Y. Cavalry, stripping and swimming the river. While
attempting to secure a fire-brand at the burning bridge, he
was discovered and chased by two of the enemy, but in
spite of their fusilade upon him in the water, succeeded in
reaching his company unharmed. (The rebel Gen’l Robert-
son notices this in his official report.) Our battery now
opened upon the ram and battered it in pieces, when the
battalion rejoined the main column.
December 16th, Major Gerrard, with three companies of
the Third N. Y. Cavalry, and a section of Ransom’s Battery,
made a raid on the Mount Olive Station and Goshen Swamp
trestle upon the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad ; destroy-
ing several miles of track and trestle; burning the ties;
twisting the rails and destroying the telegraph. Advancing
to Whitehall, the main column found the Eleventh, Thirty-
First and Fifty-Ninth North Carolina Regiments with Starr’s
Battery, strongly posted in the woods across the river. The
Ninth New Jersey and Seventeenth Mass. were deployed
along the banks as. sharpshooters, while thirty pieces
of artillery, supported by Lee’s Brigade, were posted along
the elevations which sloped steeply towards the river. A
furious cannonade was now opened upon the enemy, their
guns returning a rapid fire of shot and shell which ploughed
the crest and dropped around us for two hours without cas-
ualty. Under cover of our batteries, a considerable force
was advanced, and a feint made to rebuild the bridge, which
not only deceived the enemy, but led quite a number of the
FIELD OF GOLDSBORO. 151
Tenth Conn. te attempt to swim the stream. While this
was going-on, Gen'l Foster quietly formed the remainder of
his column, and resumed the march on Goldsboro, the
Twenty-Seventh Mass. Kegt. bivouacking at night in an old
cornfield eight miles from that place.
farly the ¥Bth, Major Fitzsimmons, with two companies
of the Third N. Y. Cavalry, made a raid}on Dudley Station
and Everettsville, destroying a train of ears, with stations,
trestle and culverts, while Major Gerrard, with another bat-
talion of cavalry, Angell’s Battery, and the Forty-Third
Mass., moved to ‘¢ Thompson’s Bridge.” The latter engaged
the enemy, but, finding the bridge destroyed, rejoimed the
column at night. Lee’s Brigade now held the advanee, with
the real work of the expedition before them. About noon,
the Eighth, Fifty-First and Fifty-Second North Carolma
Regiments, with a battery, were discovered in the woods
skirting the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad, and Riggs
Battery was brought into position to disperse them. ‘The
Twenty-Seventh advanced down the road by an _ old
house, through a wooded ravine and shallow stream, and
formed in line on a knoll commanding a view of the railroad
and bridge, the objective points of the expedition. The Ninth
New Jersey and Seventeenth Mass. were now advanced to
the right of the position held by the Twenty-Seventh, T'wen-
ty-Fifth, and Third Mass., while the Fifth and Forty-Sixth
Mass. were moved to the left to protect that flank. This
force advanced in line toward the railroad across the Daniel
Everett farm, which was central between the railroad and
turnpike bridges, each a quarter of a mile distant. After a
sharp engagement, the enemy broke, and retreated across
the bridge, Gen’l Clingman’s attempt to rally them proving
futile. ‘*Arriving at the opposite side of the Neuse, Starr’s
Battery was placed on the road commanding the turnpike
bridge, supported by the Eighth North. Carolina, while the
Fifty-First North Carolina, Col. Allen, was deployed on the
TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT’,
river-bank below, and the Fifty-Second North Carolina,
(ol. Marshall, above,” to oppose US. Robertson’s, and a
South Carolina brigade, held the position at the railroad
bridge, and. were reinforced, during the engagement, by
Evans’ Brigade from Whitehal®.
In advancing to the attack, our forces worked well to the
right towards the railroad bridge, under a heavy fire from
the enemy, driving Clingman’s forces across the river as nar-
‘ated. Upon reaching’ the railroad embankment, volunteers
were called to fire the railroad bridge. Adjt. B. N. Mann of
the Seventeenth Mass., and many others attempted the
daring feat, but each in turn was wounded or killed. The
exemy elung tenaciously to the opposite banks near the rail-
road bridge, and swept its approaches with a withering fire.
All our batteries were now posted on surrounding eleva-
tions, and concentrated on the enemy at this point a
rapid fire, under which Lieut. George H. Graham of Rock-
ett’s Twenty-Third New York Battery, and William C.
Semmons of the Ninth New Jersey, succeeded in reaching
and firing the bridge. The exasperated enemy poured a
desperate fire of musketry and grape upon them, to escape
from which they dropped through the bridge, and making
their way down the river under cover of brush skirting its
banks, succeeded in reaching our forces unharmed. Assoon
as the bridge was in flames, our artillery tripled its fire to
' ans,
prevent its rescue. “Lee's Brigade stacked arms, and rush-
ing up the embankment, wrenched the rails and ties from
the road-bed, cut down the telegraph poles, and heating the
rails on fires made from the poles and ties, wrenched and
twisted them beyond reclaim. The enemys batteries
opened upon us, but beyond knocking down a few stacks of
arms and pitching them twisted and bent in the air, no harm
was done. ‘The reserves cheered to the echo the thorough
work of the brigade, and between roaring of artillery, rat-
tling of musketry, cheering of men, flames of burning bridge,
NEW M@VEMENT BY THE ENEMY. 153
and the long line of troops upon the railroad in their work
of destruction, it presented a scene of devastation and din
rarely equalled.
The object of the expedition being fully accomplished,
orders were issued for the troops to withdraw; Lee’s Bri-
gade acting as rear guard. Jn the execution of this order,
the Twenty-Seventh Regiment withdrew to an old house
upon the opposite side of the ravirie and stream, improving
the time in making coffee, while awaiting the removal of
our batteries; Morrison’s Battery with the Third, Fifth and
Forty-Sixth Massachusetts Regiments, still remaining on the
field. The enemy, discovering our intention to withdraw,
ordered Gen’ls Clingman and Evans to attack our rear, with
a view of capturing Morrison’s, Riggs’ and Belger’s Bat-
teries, which remained with the rear guard. For this pur-
pose Gen’l Clingman moved the Fifty-First and Fifty-Second
North Carolina Regiments across the river under cover of the
woods and railroad to threaten our right, with instructions
to make no reply if discovered by us, until, with the Eighth
and Sixty-First North Carolina Regiments and two pieces of
artillery, he could move up the turnpike, and, placing the
Sixty-First against our centre, and the Eighth on our left
flank and rear, he could assault our position, his attack to be
the signal for a general assault.* Gen'l Evans’ brigade was
in close column at the centre of the field with two batteries
to support the movement. Gen’l Clingman claims that Gen’]
Evans precipitated the contest before he was in position, by
ordering the Fifty-First and Fifty-Second North Carolina to
charge, and this seems verified by the facts.
While Lee’s Brigade were awaiting the movement of our
forces to the rear, they were suddenly startled by a rebel
yell, followed by peals of artillery, which brought every
‘avalier to his saddle, every cannonier to his seat, and every
soldier to his position in line. Hastily the cavalry with
* Clingman’s official report.
: a
(aa TON Se ee ee ee
154 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
glittering sabres dashed down the cart-path, followed on the
double-quick by the Twenty-Seventh and Twenty-Fifth
Mass., across the ravine to the knoll overlooking the field,
where we saw a surging line of rebels charging upon Mor-
rison’s Battery at the right of the field. The Fifth and
Forty-Sixth Mass. had rushed to its support, and gallantly
withstood the shock. The Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt.
took position upon the extreme left of the field, with its left
refused to defend its flank, while Belger’s Battery dashed in
front, and poured an enfilading fire upon the enemy’s line, as
it swept around and up the foot of the hill. Onward they
came as an invincible host, and the batteries at three hun-
dred yards began firing double loads of canister, under
which great swaths were mown in their line. Capt. Belger
looked nervously to the rear as if to assure himself of his
supports, and turning to bis men exclaimed, ‘‘ We are all
right, men! Steady! Give ’em shrapnel! Make every shot
tell!” Atahundred yards the enemy wavered, halted — and
then broke into a confused and disastrous retreat. Fortu-
nately for them, just at this juncture Gen’l Clingman with his
battery and the Eighth and Sixty-Second North Carolina
appeared in the woods upon our left, and opened fire upon
the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt.
To prevent the disintergrating effect of moving by com-
panies, Col. Lyman ordered a * left wheel by battalion ” —
a difficult. but well-executed movement,— followed by the
93
order ‘* By file, commence firing.” Belger’s and Riggs’ bat-
teries opened upon the enemy, and after a short engagement
the Twenty-Seventh advanced into the woods, driving the
enemy from their position, and following them with several
volleys of musketry. In this movement Lorenzo D. Gibson
of Company F’, was killed, his head being blown off by an
exploding shell.
Col. Lee’s judicious arrangement of his brigade had antici-
pated Clingman’s entire plan, and he would gladly have fol-
FORDING A STREAM. 155
lowed the retreating foe, but as his instructions were, ‘ act
entirely upon the defensive,” he ordered his force to with-
draw. In repassing the ravine, we found the stream had
been increased to a roaring torrent. One of our engineers,
supposing our forces to have crossed, had opened a flood-
gate above to intercept the enemy; hence we were obliged
to ford the stream to our armpits in recrossing.
Of this attack on the part of the enemy Gen’ Foster
says in his official report: ** Owing to the efficiency of Lee's
s3rigade and Morrison’s Battery, it was a miserable failure.’
Gen’l G. L. Clingman, commanding the Confederate forces,
—_
>
says: ** We had to move across an open space of one thou-
sand yards, swept by heavy batteries, and which was sup-
ported by large masses of infantry. Our forces advanced
courageously, but were cut down by a fire of grape and can-
ister not possible to withstand. But for the loss thus*sus-
tained, we should have had the satisfuction of knowing that
with a vastly inferior force, we had driven the enemy froma
strong position, and obliged their whole army to retreat,
9)
almost without loss to us.” The enemy’s loss in this charge
must have been very heavy, as will appear from the official
reports of two of these regiments.
Fifty-First North Carolina Regt., Col. Allen, six killed,
forty-three wounded, eight missing. Fifty-Second North
Carolina Regt., Col. Marshall, eleven killed, fifty-eight
wounded, ten missing. The Eighth North Carolina, Col.
Shaw, reports three killed and six wounded ; and the Sixty-
First North Carolina, Col. Devane, three killed, seventeen
wounded, ard twenty-three missing in their attack upon the
Twenty-Seventh. No reports have been obtained of the
losses of Evans’ Brigade and the batteries.
Considering the exposed condition of Lee’s Brigade during
the day, it is remarkable that they escaped with so few casual-
ties. They were at the burning of the bridge; sharply
shelled while destroying the railroad; and repelled unaided
the rebel charge.
156 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
The loss of our brigade was as follows : —
Wounded.
Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. , , 2
Forty-Sixth Mass. Regt. .
Twenty-Fifth Mass. Regt. .
Fifth Mass. Regt.
Third Mass. Regt.
Total.
The casualties of the Twenty-Seventh were
Lorenzo D. Gipson, Company F, of Westfield, killed by shell.
John Robinson, Company I, of Brimfield, wounded in neck by
shell.
James B. Hill, Company K, of Springfield, wounded in thigh by
shell, seriously.
Comrade Gibson was buried in the garden back of a house
at the head of the lane, after which we resumed our march,
the Twenty-Seventh at the rear of the column.
Darkness had closed upon us and the deserted embers of
the bivouac had been fanned into vast forest fires skirting
the road through which we were forced to pass. The scene
was inexpressibly grand, while the suffocating smoke and in-
tense heat endured was only an exchange from what we must
otherwise have suffered from our drenched clothes and the in-
clement night. We continued our march until midnight, and
bivouacked on the ground of the night previous, glad even for
mother earth on which to rest our wearied and chafed limbs.
Gen’l Foster complimented the bravery and endurance of
Lee’s Brigade on its arrival, adding by way of encourage-
?
ment, ‘* In a week we shall be in Wilmington.” Arriving
at Kinston he learned of the defeat of Gen’l Burnside at
Fredericksburg. Learning also that Gen’l Dix had not
moved from Suffolk, he continued his march back to New
Berne. ‘The enemy followed the retiring column, dropping
THE ENEMY ENGAGED. 157
shells around our rear guard, but without loss to us; and
after eleven days’ absence, we reached New Berne, glad to
enjoy the rest and comforts of our tented homes.
The full object of our expedition was accomplished, but its
main advantages were neutralized by the failures at Freder-
icksburg and Suffolk. The results, besides the vast damage
inflicted upon the enemy’s supplies and communications, were
the capture of four hundred and ninety-six prisoners and
twelve pieces of artillery.
The following rebel regiments reported forty-one killed,
two hundred ninety-eight wounded and two hundred sixteen
prisoners, as resulting from the battles of Kinston, White-
hall and Goldsboro : —
Eighth, Tenth, Eleventh, Twenty-Sixth, Thirty-First,
Forty-First, Forty-Fourth, Forty-Seventh, Fifty-First, Fif-
ty-Second, Fifty-Ninth, Sixty-First, Sixty-Second, Sixty-
Third, Sixty-Eighth North Carolina Regiments; Seven-
teenth, Eighteenth, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third South
Carolina Regiments, Holcombe’s Legion and Starr’s Bat-
tery. In addition to these, Daniels’ Brigade, consisting of
the Thirty-Second, Forty-Third, Forty-Fifth and Fifty-
Third North Carolina Regiments and Second North Carolina
Battalion arrived .from Richmond just about the time of
Clingman’s charge, and this brigade hung upon our rear as
we returned to New Berne. We may therefore say that we
were opposed by twenty-three regiments of infantry, three
battalions, and at the least two batteries. We think it is
reasonable to doubt the enemy’s loss above given, since we
have seen Clingman’s Brigade reported at Goldsboro,
twenty-three killed and one hundred twenty-four wounded ;
while Mullet of the Sixty-Eighth, with over four hundred
men, was captured at Kinston. The entire Union loss was
ninety killed and four hundred and seventy-eight wounded.
During the engagement at Goldsboro, it is reported one of
Morrison’s men was severely wounded, and when asked by a
158 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
chaplain if he was supported by Divine grace, replied ‘‘No!
we were supported by the Ninth New Jersey.”
The fertility of resource of our foragers is well illustrated
by T—— of Company —. Securing a mule, he rode to an
adjacent plantation, and, accosting a negro girl near an old
hen-house, demanded some eggs. Discovering a disposition
to demur, he backed the mule tuward her, and applied
the spurs, when the animal let its feet fly at her face like a
vicious tedder. T clung desperately to the animal, ex-
claiming ‘‘Get some eggs, or I'll’ kick your head off!”
Dinah wilted and promised, but getting behind the bolted
door of the hen-house, with some obstinacy began to parley,
when T backed the mule to the shed and reapplied his
spurs. This the donkey resented by a terrible battering
with his hind feet, against the door, leaving it shivered anc
prostrate within, and Dinah not only willing to furnish eves
=
oOo
me ntl
but all the poultry the inordinate appetite of T de-
manded.
While engaged in repelling Clingman’s assault, Major
Bartholomew was sitting upon his horse under a tree —the
left of the line being in the woods — when a shell cut the
tree off about twenty feet above him. Casting his eye up-
wards the Major put spurs to his horse, and the next moment
the top of the tree pierced the ground where he had been
standing. Whirling his horse back upon the other side of
the tree, he exclaimed ‘* There, I’m safe now! They can’t
hit this tree again !”
Johnnie Dorflin of Company F, would at any time kill a
pig for its pluck, and being suspected by the provost mar-
shal, was charged with foraging against orders. Johnnie
was placid and silent until the enraged marshal drew his
sword to enforce his anthority, when our equally enraged
comrade (Greek mit Greek) jumped for him with the excla-
mation, ‘* You t n Tutchman, you show fight, me show
fight ; you draw sword, I fix mine payonet!” The marshal
©
SOME NEW BRIGADIERS. 159
disappeared, but on his return to New Berne, called for the
arrest of John Horflin, but the order was returned counter-
. ~~ T . . 39
sioned *‘* No such man in the regiment.
Upon the return of the expedition, Gen’l Foster at once
repaired to Washington, D. C. for further instructions, re-
turning December 27th with commissions as brigadier-gene-
rals for Cols. Hunt, Ninety-Sixth New York, Stevenson,
Twenty-Fourth Mass., Heckman, Ninth New Jersey, Potter,
First North Carolina, and Ledlie, Third N. Y. Artillery ;
the recommendation of Col. Lee being rejected on the
ground that **it would not do to appoint more than one
of these from each State,” the influence of Col. Stevenson’s
friends securing the Massachusetts appointment for him.
Thus closed the operations of 1862, every movement by
the Union army in North Carolina having met unquali-
fied success. Much of the advantage expected from them,
however, had been vitiated by the failures in Virginia.
The brave Army of the Potomac, after a campaign of un-
exampled hardship and loss, was still upon its old camping
ground, with the problem of the destruction of Lee’s army
and the suppression of the rebellion more involved and
doubtful than ever. At the West, Rosecrans had pressed
Bragg and Breckenbridge, and closed the waning year with
the hotly contested battle of Murfreesboro’. Stanley was
still an incubus upon our department, his acts construc-
tively loyal, but menacing to every military movement, and
neutralizing every plan.
160 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
CHAPTER VIII.
SOUTH CAROLINA EXPEDITION.
Tue year 1863 opened with promises of unusual activity in
North Carolina, the following troops arriving from January
2d to January 5th :—
Spinola’s Brigade: One Hundred and Thirty-Second, One
Hundred and Fifty-Eighth New York; One Hundred and
Fifty- Eighth, One Hundred and Sixty-First, One Hundred
and Sixty-Eighth, One Hundred and Seventy-First, One
Hundred and Seventy-Fifth, and One Hundred and Seventy-
Sixth Pennsylvania Regiments.
Nagle’s Brigade : Eleventh Maine; Fifty-Sixth, Eighty-
First, Ninety-Seyenth, One Hundredth New York; Fifty-
Second and One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania Regi-
ments.
Ferry’s Brigade: Fifty-Eighth, One Hundred and Seven-
ty-Fourth Pennsylvania ; Sixty-Second, Sixty-Seventh Ohio ;
Thirteenth {ndiana; Thirty-Ninth Illinois, and ‘* Les En-
fants Perdus,” the latter a regiment composed of all nation-
alities, known as ‘the lost infants.” ‘This force aggregated
some fifteen thousand men.
The monitors ‘* Montauk” and ‘* Passaic,” with the steam
frigates ‘* Colorado” and ‘*Dakota,” had rendezvoused at
Beaufort Harbor, the original ‘* Monitor” having been sunk
en route, January lst, in a gale off Hatteras. The armament
of the monitors consisted of one eleven and one fitteen inch
oun, the latter of which carried a shell of four hundred and
three, and solid shot of four hundred and sixty pounds, re-
quiring a pulley and tackle for loading ; and thirty-five to
THE REGIMENT AT WASHINGTON, N. C. 16]
seventy pounds of powder for discharging the same. Ina
visit to these ironclads the writer was welcomed and gener-
ously entertained by Commander John L. Worden, the hero
of the original ‘* Monitor” in its conflict with the ‘‘ Merri-
mac.” Qne side of his face was still discolored by powder
blown into it on that occasion.
A complete reorganization of our forces occurred during
the month of January, each of the new brigadier-generals
being furnished with commands; and on the 29th inst.
vle’s, Ferry’s, Stevenson’s and Heckman’s Brigades, with
atteries A, C, D and E armed with rifles, and B, F,
and I with full batteries, all of the Third New York Artil-
lery, sailed for Beaufort, S.C. Soon after Gen’l Foster's
arrival at that place, a misunderstanding arose between him
and Gen’l Hunter, in which Gen’! Foster’s troops naturally
sided with their commander. Gen’l Stevenson and Col.
Osborne of the Twenty-Fourth Mass., with Quartermaster
Sleight and many other general officers, were placed under
arrest. The War Department at Washington, D. C.,
failed to sustain Gen’l Foster, and he returned to North
Carolina, regretting most of all the loss of his veteran
troops under Gen’ls Heckman and Stevenson.
January 4th the detachments of the Twenty-Seventh Mass.
Regt. broke camp at Newport Barracks and Bachelor’s Creek,
and joined the detachment at Washington, the regiment
becoming once more a unit after six months of separation.
This, however, proved of short duration, for on the 25th of
the same month, Companies G and H under Major Barthol-
omew were detached for garrison duty at Plymouth.
About this time, Gen’l Foster’s ‘* Orderly Manning”
obtained permission to go within the rebel lines and recover
his brother’s remains at Kinston. On arriving at the place
of burial he found the bodies had all been exhumed, stripped,
and meagrely covered in another trench. The rest is as well
untold: the body was not recovered.
162 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
most of the important
Carolina, with the
ety as remained
arious times, held
artment of North
‘tness such soci
We had now, at Vv
positions within the Dep
best of opportunity to W
within the lines. There were few intelligent women.
Most of the females remaining were so coarse and unfemi-
nine in habits, as to degrade their sex. The leaden eye;
sallow skin, swaggering galt and uncouth slang were too
. Northern man, and made him devoutly thank-
a nobler lineage. A lady’s evening
afternoon) would be incomplete
sall (they never spe
‘aller was unpar-
without snuff, and to ¢
donable. After the comp
of the guests, the hostess was
adder of snuff, wl
during the call.
dipping, as to indu
sgusting appearance.
e, but clay-eating is com
a moral and physical
Over eight millions of
ithin the South, at
smit to offer it’to a
liments of the day, and the seating
expected to pass saucers,
twigs, and a bl th which the visitors re-
galed themselves Some were so addicted to
the habit of snufi-
regardless of their di
d by women alon
Both of these habits
arking their victims.
annually in snuff, w
lge in it upon the streets,
Snuff-dipping 1s
mon to both
practise
sexes. produce
effect, clearly m
dollars are consumed
the present time.
artment, bewildered in their
Contrabands crowded the dep
freedom. Freedom to many of them consisted of nothing
to do. They failed to avail themselves of the little work to
be found, and were s0 improvident as to buy their tallow
dip only when darkness enforced it. Others valued their
freedom with its opportunity. To impress the lesson of
T take their own story and language.
> said I, ** how do you like the Yankees?”
ny name’s George Washington, sar),
their lives,
«s Well, Uncle,’
«Right well, sar (1
e mighty fine people, sar.”
e now, do you?”
sar!! an 1 tank deor L an Mass
an hab worked a heap of yeas, a
yus
‘« So you feel fre
+ Yes, sar! yes,
for dat. Dis ole m
a Linkum
n de Lor
MAIL STEAMERS AND MAIT 163
AIL. 6
he se
send n —*
att 1e de ole woman ana heap o’ chilen. M
sell some afore ote - Massa he
& ‘de. Yaad re de war, an tuck de ole woman an d "
: ankees ¢ an an de res
aS Here come. Now, de ole man am lone iy "3
C ox “ 7 - ; 1 C
‘meek e good Lor an Massa Linkum make me :
I 1 ng up) an I shall die a free man! ye ' a eee
4or! ole Geor s se man: yes, sar! Bless
. a George will be all right at las, bless de L , ss de
resident Linc me ee a) eee Se eer”
mation of E ee had just issued his confirmatory Proel
c I ‘ . “a . < A uel q-
Orit nancipation, and language was too w l
- a their overflowing joy 5 o weak to
t would ry oh a . © e “
of tl | certainly be 2ross carelessness to omit :
he steamers «« Ellen S. Terry.” «« D al © omit mention
ins,” 6 . st eee udley Buck,” ««C
wet ind ‘*Augusta Dinsmore,” by whicl y k,” «* Col-
with home was maintained : Bef ch our communication
, : daINvVanea. efore their
Were given as ’ ; heir three whistle:
n as ; vhistles
ee a wl Sa signal of a ‘‘ mail aboard,” the wat or
anx1o . 7 Watcn
cid. ack ho mee ee ee th
ae an¢ oa oe JeELOW "
ear ete : hee electric news would fly through st :
amps. othing s i ‘i eit tess
contre, of itazted g so thrilled the department to its
agg Lartec such a hum of expectation, as tl
raf 1e sy ine cS g - > as ie arri-
~ irregular ‘mail steamers.” A i 1 uri
ould fill the wharf. and e: 4. jostling crowd
aii tain’ , and eagerly enquire before the st
ta ar enough to cast the line, «*‘ How Pes wecsye yg
hapin?” z ow much mail, Capt
TI
the ne ye $ at the post-office allowed no sleep afte
eset a mail until it had been assorted and p atter
e idea of the an sorted and delivered.
amount of letter-writi ,
ment may be obtained from tl F iting in this depart-
Siiianarcih om the fact that two |
w.fie thenaa: 1undred anc
Ber 4 thousand letters were sent North fj : rer,
rne post-office during the month of J North from New
~é¢ e o a aA NrCr % _ a
thousand being sent on the ** Dudl asa tt ce ae ae
‘ oer udle le F
It occupied seven clerks twent ; ey Buck,” January 18th
Pa 4 rentv-Ttour . . _ 7
mail. Nor were our fri y-four hours, in posting this
foot mail riends at home negligent; sixty fi
: 1ail-bags were received Jat PB. nt; sixty five-
estimated mail of 1 January 27th and 28th, with an
hundred Ph seventy-five thousand letters a
red and fiftv bus ¢ tters, and one
a y bushels of papers. TI
ccasions, however, but from st pers. These were extra
Ty rom statistics of oo a
of the writer
er (at that
164 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. GUERRILLAS FROM HYDE COUNTY. 165
ture of fortv-six pris
| re of forty-six prisoners, the entire force falling into our
hi S » 46 : ~ . . =)
inds. | At the same time Capt. Graham with his «« Gray
Horse Cavalry,” meay
{ime mili‘ary postmaster of the Department of North Caro-
lina) it was shown, that during the months of December and
q9vernaivce ; rite y ‘ >» ‘ ; aC a Tray > ae . ,
averaged to write two and one-half made a raid on Greenville from Washino-
ae
January, each soldier
ton, ¢ Pe a eS ye
n, and after a short contest, captured ten prisoners bende.
letters each week, and to receive ubout the same, besides
newspapers and other printed matter. More letters were
written by the soldiers than were received. John Dibble, a
former citizen of New Berne, and a staunch Union man,
held the position of civil postmaster. He is now a valued
ty horses, and the entire camp equipage of that outpost
I'he frequent raids of this officer and the T wenthtladeatl
Mass. from Washington, so menaced the enemy, that in
desperation, they blockaded the roads with felled trees for
a ee long distances in all directions. i
At each arrival of steamers from New York, one thou- siaanaieg x ens ey ee
Carolina, with one company of the Third New York Cav-
alry, scouting in Hyde County, were ambuscaded oa the
enemy, seventeen out of forty of our men being killed a
wounded at the first discharge. The cavalry a ener es the
sand daily papers were received, the proportions being,
seven hundred ‘* Heralds,” two hundred and fifty ‘‘ Times,”
and fifty ‘‘Tribunes.” The +s World” was classed with
Richmond papers, and was only in demand among (loyal? )
citizens. So great was the rush for papers that they were
sold without folding, and delivered as fast as the ten-cent
tet eens
ee mm - — ee ye
ambuscade, killing many and capturing the officer in com-
mand, with five men. All the prisoners held safeguards
scrip could be collected. from Governor Stanley, but they were safely inuanaiinil si
Trade permits were issued by the Secretary of tien Deeks. . placed aboard the steamer ‘‘ Escort.” The officer failed to
ury, and every store in the city, beside many private houses
occupied by speculators in
arrive at New Berne; it is known he did not escane
On the arrival of the steamer at New Berne. Ca ri 23
marched the prisoners through the street with a: it
placard on the back of each, : 7 }
|
|
i!
Wi
|
i
1
1
and temporary buildings, were
sutlers’ and naval stores. Sales within the department
re ad libitum; those beyond the lines were restricted to
lars, but this restriction was construed by Governor ‘¢ GUERRILLAS CAPTURED WITH G :
Stanley to allow any one to buy this amount for any num- LAS CAPTURED WITH GOVERNOR STANLEY'S SAFEGUARDS,”
r of persons, if only holding orders from them. It was
not to be expected that those who obtained their appoint-
a contract to
large
sneer meecaninenananes
arms
we
fo 4 y ] ® ‘ , \, r
\ re ‘ ce ry. t e ‘ . ‘
1e Governor. The captain’s fearless course while editor of
. ag cers =. ~y a" a > ‘6 OY Ara r the 66 New »y al > : new a 99 .
ments as division or regimental sutlers by New Berne Progress,” had incurred the Governor's
divide usurious profits from the nation’s defe
certain officers, would scruple to use extreme license ; and
hence large quantities of supplies, by this means, reachet.
nders amongst displeasure, nor did his unswerving loyalty fail him now
ra) sabe i ‘ OW.
i ‘
Governor Stanley soon found it convenient to order his re
‘
NR
ee mon ceunarmsenenemnaneeasneaeneaits
lease. The enraged cavalrymen vowed vengeance for the
death of their comrades, and returned to Hyde Gotiaky the ith
inst. with every available man, supported by the One Hun-
dred and First and One Hundred and Third Pennsylvania
Regiments. They failed to accomplish anything, helvenar
as did another expedition in Jones County at the same dee
;
the enemy.
February 13th a body of the enemy moving on Bachelor's
Creek to try the mettle of the Fifty-Eighth Penn., was met
by Col. Jones with a part of his regiment at Tuscarora, and
relieved from further duty, by the killing of three, and cap-
166 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
because every suspicious person was armed with a safeguard
from Governor Stanley.
March 14th was the annivers
Berne, an event of such harrowing
art, that it became chronic to attempt some ‘‘ highly
ary of the capture of New
remembrance to the
rebel he
important and promising movement ” towards its recovery,
Gen’l D. H. Hill had assumed command of
the rebel forces in North Carolina Feb. 24th, 1863, and had
accumulated a considerable army at Kinston, N. C., for
At two o’clock the afternoon of the 13th,
attacked our
upon that day.
offensive work.
Ransom’s and Daniels’ Brigades, with cavalry,
at Bachelor’s Creek and Deep Gully, occupied re-
outposts
spectively by the Fifty-Eighth Pennsylvania and Twenty-Fifth
Massachusetts Regiments.
Forty-Sixth Massachusetts
outposts, sharp skirmishing cont
At an early hour the 14th, Pettigrew’s
Anderson, —north of the
Ayderson and the Nine-
al surrender.
=ae
(ol. Lee ordered the I ifth and
Regiments to the support of the
inuing during the evening
and following day.
Brigade appeared before Fort
Neuse,— demanding of Lieut. Col.
ty-Second New York Regiment an uncondition
signalled Gen’l Foster andthe navy
of the situation, and the answer returned ‘‘ My orders are to
hold this fort, and I shall never surrender it!” The enemy
ype and canister, which
d in the fort, or richo-
The fort was an
, and the gar-
Information was at once
immediately opened with shell, gr:
ploughed the parapets and explode
chetted out upon the waters of the river.
d work with no guns mounted as yet
d bayonets awaiting the charge.
The gunboats ‘* Hetzel,” and *‘ Hunchback,” were aground
and could only use their long-range guns, but the ‘* Sey-
mour,” ‘* Shawsheen,” ‘ Whitehead,” revenue cutter, and a
gun manned by negroes — succeeded in
Four batteries were also
‘ations, and for three
unfinishe
rison could only lie with fixe
schooner — with one
reaching the scene of contest.
posted on the river above the fortif
hours New Berne was treated to an incessant roar of artil-
Pe oe ee ee ee
GEN’L FOSTER ARRIVES AT WASHINGTON. 167
lery and bursting shells, some of the enemy's shot reaching
the field in front of the ‘* Fair Grounds.” The enemy’s fire
suddenly ceased, and after a short delay, the Ninet y-Second
New York moved cautiously out, finding them in retreat,
and their position strewn with three bursted cannon. The
grounds were ploughed, and the trees torn as though de-
struction had run riot. Our loss was only two wounded.
Gen’l Pettigrew’s colored cook was captured returning
with a fish for the general’s dinner, from whom the enemy's
project and forces were ascertained, with the additional
information that Gen’l Pryor with his brigade had gone to
attack Washington. It was noticed the cook wore a Union
dress-coat, and to inquiries he replied, ‘‘ I took it from one
of your dead on the peninsular campaign, and was allowed
to wear it if I would turn the buttons with the eagles’ heads
down,” and sure enough every eagle drooped.
Gen’l Foster being satisfied that an attack was imminent
at Washington, ordered eight companies of the Forty-
Fourth Mass. to that place, where they arrived the 16th
inst. Scouts continued to report the enemy in considerable
force with lines well advanced towards New Berne and
Washington, until the 28th inst., when Gen’ Foster re-
turned from Wingfield with prisoners from the Forty-Sec-
ond North Carolina Regiment, from whom he learned
naa of the enemy’s plans. Sunday, March 29th, Gen’ls
Foster and Potter quietly left New Berne on the steamer
«John Faron,” ordering the ‘* Phoenix,” with commissary
stores, and the ‘* Thomas Colyer” and other steamers, with
Spinola’s Brigade, to follow at once.
The ‘« Faron” arrived at Washington the morning of the
30th, and Capt. Jocknick’s cavalry, with Companies E and G
* the Forty-Fourth Mass., were ordered to reconnoitre the
Greenville road. After advancing a mile and a half, they
met the enemy, before whom they retired with a loss to the
Forty-Fourth Mass. of three wounded and prisoners. Capt.
168 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Richardson, of Company E, Forty-Fourth Mass., was also
wounded but escaped capture. Capt. Lyons and two com-
panies of the First North Carolina Union Volunteers imme-
diately crossed to Rodman’s Point, but were driven to their
boats at two o’clock the following morning by a superior
body of the enemy. These two companies were saved
from capture or death by the self-sacrifice of a gallant negro,
who, seeing the boat was aground, and all must perish, or
one for all, jumped overboard and pushed the flat into the
river. The brave man fell lifeless into the water, but the
launch floated ‘away to a place of safety. The Union loss at
this point was three killed and thirteen wounded, among the
latter, Capt. Lyons.
At five Pp. M. it was evident the enemy were present in
overwhelming numbers, and, in the midst of a drenching
rainy the troops were ordered to the fortifications. The
available Union force consisted of eight companies each of
the T'wenty-Seventh and Forty- -Fourth Mass., two companies
of the First North Carolina, Battery G, Capt. Wall's Third
N. Y. Artillery, and Company I, Capt. Jocknick, Third N.
Y. Cavalry. The consolidated morning report for March 30,
1863, gave wie aggregate strength of his 6 command as eleven
hundred and thirty-nine men present for duty. Company
B, Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt., held Blockhouses Number
One and Two, covering approach by the river and Greenville
road west of the town, while Company F held Blockhouses
Number Three and Four, guarding the Jamesville and Plym-
outh roads, with the river approach on the east. Compa-
nies C and D were now placed within Fort W: ashington, and
the right to the river held by the remainder of the Tw enty-
Seventh Mass. Regt., and the left by the Forty-Fourth
Mass., and First North Carolina Regiments. When these
were marshalled behind the long line of fortifications,
they at once revealed our we es in numbers, to remedy
which, every able-bodied hegro was-ordered to the works.
*¢
DEFENCES AND ARMAMENT. 169
This was our first experience with armed negroes, and it was
wonderful how quietly it was submitted to by many who
had loudly declared, ** they uever would fight side of a nig-
ver!” Whitworth shots, exploding shells, and _ bullet
tZ-Z-Z))S, were wonderfully persuasive arguments on such a
question, and settled it once for all with the garrison of
Washington.
The land defences consisted of Blockhouse Number One,
near the river above the town, commanded by Lieut. P. W.
McManus; Number Two on the Greenville road, Lieut. Ira
B. Sampson; Number Three between the Jamesville and
Plymouth roads, Capt. J. W. Moore, and Number Four on
the river below, Lieut. Pliny Wood. Each of these block-
houses contained a six-pound gun, save Number Four, where
a twelve-pounder was substituted. At the centre of the
works, and rear of the town, was Fort Washington, a
small but strong quadrangular, bastioned fort, surrounded
bv a ten-foot ditch and heavy abattis. Its armament con-
sisted of four thirty-two pounders, two syriapsee Wiard, and
two twelve-pound Napoleon guns. On the Jamesville road
was athirty-two pound gun under command of Lieut. W. C.
Hunt, of Company A, Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt., and
upon the Plymouth road, a six-pounder in charge of
Corporal Steele of Company F, of the same regiment. A
redoubt covered the river bridge containing one thirty-pound
Parrott, one thirty-two-pound Rodman, and two twelve-
pound Napoleon guns. The river-front was protected by
the steamers ‘* Louisiana,” six guns, and the ‘* Commodore
Hull” and the ‘‘ Eagle,” four guns each. The available
forces for defence, army and navy, were then about fourteen
hundred men, and thirty-two guns. 7
The enemy were under command of Maj. Gen’l D. Hi.
Hill, and consisted of the following brigades and regi-
ments : — :
Gannett’s Brigade, Seventeenth, Eighteenth, Nineteenth
170 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
North Carolina, Eighth, Eighteenth and Fifty-Sixth Virginia
Regiments.
Pettigrew’s Brigade, Twenty-Sixth, Thirty-Second, Forty-
Third, Forty-Fifth, Forty-Seventh, Fifty-Second North
Carolina Regiments.
Daniel’s Brigade, Fifty-Sixth North Carolina, Twentieth,
Twenty-Eighth, Fifty-Ninth Virginia, and Sixty-Fourth
Georgia Regiments.
Robertson’s (cavalry) Brigade, Fifty-Ninth North Caro-
lina, Second Georgia, and Seventh Confederate Cavalry Reg-
iments, —in all, seventeen regiments of infantry, and three
of cavalry, with forty pieces of artillery.
Gannett’s Brigade, with Starr’s Battery and the Fifty-
Ninth Cavalry, occupied Clay Hill north and west of the
town. Pettigrew and Daniel’s Brigades, respectively, Rod-
man’s Point and Hill’s Point, while the artillery and cavalry
were suitably posted for offence on the river, and defence
against New Berne via land.
All the inceptive movements of the enemy were wonder-
fully favored and successful. For three days a high west
wind drove the water from the river, leaving our gunboats
before Washington, aground. This allowed the enemy to
plant their batteries opposite and below the town without
opposition, and prevented assistance from the navy below.
By evening of the 30th, the enemy had occupied Rodman’s
and Hill’s Points, the former one mile and the latter seven
miles below, and on the other side of the river from the town.
The channel of the river ran close to the shore occupied by
their batteries, and any relief must come through the capture
of them or the hardy experiment of running the gauntlet
of seven miles of artillery and sharpshooters.
The investment being complete, on the morning of the
3ist, an officer appeared on the Jamesville road under a
flag of truce demanding surrender. Gen’l Foster returned
answer, ‘‘ If you want Washington, come and take it.” A
DEMAND FOR SURRENDER. 171
demand was then made that the women and children be
removed from the town, but which our officers refused
to entertain, returning the answer ‘* Gen’l Foster declines to
receive flags of truce, and will fire on any future one that
appears.” The surprise and disappointment of the enemy
is best set forth by this officer’s exclamation, ‘‘ My God! is
Gen’l Foster here?” At noon, Virgil Gilbert with the
schooner ‘* Brooks,” ran the enemy’s batteries with dis-
patches to the fleet below Hill’s Point. The enemy concen-
trated every available gun upon the vessel, and lined the
banks with sharpshooters, but its light draught enabled it to
avoid the channel, and the high wind to defy the enemy’s
fire, and it reached the fleet below unharmed. The ‘‘ Com-
modore Hull” was aground just above Rodman’s Point, and
the disabled boat was subjected to a destructive fire of solid
shot which crashed through its sides, or raked its decks, dis-
mounting its guns. Blockhouse Number Four had a short
tilt with the enemy in its defence, but its gun was of too
short range, while one of their Whitworth shots went through
the blockhouse with apparent ease.
April 1st was ushered in by a terrific cannonade from Rod-
man’s Point and a new battery at Laurel Hill. The morn-
ing was windy and clear, and the ‘*‘ Commodore Hull” with
its brave crew still at the mercy of the enemy. Lieut. Sal-
tonstall stood by his long thirty-two pound Parrott, though
all his other guns were dismounted, and the ‘* Hull” careened
on its side, until he had given the enemy three hundred
shots. Ninety-cight balls had pierced her sides, and three
guns had been dismounted, yet her commander spurned
the thought of deserting her, declaring, ‘*‘ As long as there
is enough left to mount a gun upon, I propose to fire from
the « Hull!’”
During the day Lieut. McManus at Number One, discov-
ered the enemy placing a battery on the island above, and
dispersed them so hurriedly that the attempt was not re-
172 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
newed. Fort Washington engaged the enemy on Clay Hill,
and with the aid of Numbers Two and Three and of Lieut.
Hunt on the Jamesville road, succeeded in considerable
interruption and damage to their works. William Fuller of
Company K, West Springfield, received a severe wound in
the leg from a Whitworth ball during this action. Col.
Lyman’s headquarters were at Blockhouse Number Three.
His whole time was given to the easterly defences of the
town and to the comforts of his men, while Mrs. Lyman, who
had been spending the winter there, was under the protec-
tion of the hospital flag, rendering such aid therein as the
situation afforded opportunity for.
At four p.m. Master’s Mate McKeever of the ‘‘ Louisiana,”
with Acting Ensign De Camora and six men of the ‘* Com-
modore Hull,” started in a sail-boat with dispatches to the
fleet below. Hundreds were watching them as the sail
caught the wind, and bore 4hem through the waters seething
with iron hail. With a charmed life they sped into and
through the raking fires of Rodman and Hill’s Points; defied
the searching fires of sharpshooters ; and though often hid in +
the splashing waters, at length drew safely up to the fleet
below. A shout of victory and derision then rent the air,
which the enemy resented by broadsides of shrapnel and
‘anister, causing our exultant spectators to hug the round
with most tender emotion. It was a fashionable way of ex-
pressing one’s feelings however, for at such times one can’t
well be too thin or humble. During the following night Mc-
Keever returned unmolested, but the schooner ‘‘ Brooks,”
loaded with ammunition, was considerably damaged,
although it suceceded in reaching the town with its sup-
plies unharmed. The wind went down early in the evening
and the river assuming its usual depth, the ‘* Commodore
Hull” was docked and repaired. Over one thousand shot
had been hurled upon it, one hundred and nine of which
had taken effect, but by the free use of baled hay its
machinery remained unharmed.
FORT HAMILTON TAKES PART. 5)
The morning of the 2d of April the * Commodore Hull”
was again in its wonted place, with its guns remounted and
ready for effective work. The enemy opened the contest
from a new battery opposite the town, but this was soon
silenced by the guns of the ‘* Louisiana” and of Number One.
A detachment of the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. crossed
the bridge to secure the deserted guns, but a deep morass,
defended by a mass of infantry, rendered the attempt abor-
tive. During the night a redoubt was built by us on the river
in front of Number Four, and armed with one thirty-pound
Parrott, one thirty-two-pound Rodman, and two twelve-pound
Napoleon guns. This was commanded by and named after
Lieut. Hamilton of Battery G, and manned by Company F of
the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Rodman’s Point was annoyed by
the sudden appearance and effective work of this battery, and
opened a fierce fire upon it for three hours, when the discom-
fited enemy at the Point were thrown into confusion, and their
battery silenced by the explosion of their Whitworth gun.
Fort Hamilton continued its effective work on the Point,
until, by a premature discharge of one of its guns, James
Baker of Westfield, Seth Liswell of Agawam, and Alfred
Holcomb of Southwick, all of Company F, were severely
wounded. Baker was carried bodily over the breastworks,
losing one eye, and severely burning his face.
wounded; or how the puny garrison with its hundreds, by
superior vigilance and courage foiled the strength of thou-
sands. ‘The siege from beginning to end was a surprise, and
to satisfactorily explain it requires more information than is
now in our possession. A correspondent of the ‘‘ Wilming-
ton Journal,” and one of the rebel force upon the south of
the river, says, ‘* If I could ask Gen’l Hill just one question,
it would be, Why didn’t you take Washington?” The loss
of the entire garrison was only seven killed and twenty-three
wounded. The ‘‘ Commodore Hull” was struck one hundred
and nine times, the ‘* Ceres” seven, the ‘‘ Eagle” five, and the
‘¢ Louisiana” once during the siege. The enemy’s missiles
were as variable as imagination could conceive, from old
scrap-iron to the most finished projectiles of their English
sympathizers. It was laughable to see the cringing effect of
flying shots. Gen’l Foster was standing near the fort as the
guard ducked for a passing shell, when he good-humoredly
' 99
exclaimed, ** Don’t duck, boys! don’t duck!” ave 7 No . rt ie3
present with superior numbers. March 20th, eight companies
of the Twenty-Fifth Mass., under Lieut. Col. Moulton, and
ie ies :
part of the Forty-Sixth Mass. Regt., arris ed at Ply mouth,
post as the ranking
Col. Moulton assuming eommand of the
officer.
On the 23d, an expedition consisting of Companies
F,
-I and K, Twenty-Fifth Mass. , and Company H, Twenty-
Seventh Mass. Regiments, sti ried for Wingfield to assist
Lieut. James J. McLane of the First North Carolina Union
Regiment, who had been attacked by the Forty-Second
North Carolina and a Virginia regiment. On their arrival at
Wingfield they learned of the defeat of the enemy, and
also that the eunbo: its had prevented a part of the rebels from
crossing the river, and that these were now in the vicinity
of Rocky Hoc Creek. Our force landed at Holly's Landing,
five miles below Wingfield, at daylight the 24th. Capt.
Sandford pressed rapidly forward, reaching Rocky Hoc Creek
at eight o’clock. Capt. Denny . the Twenty-Fifth Mass.,
being in command, ordered Capt. Sandford to cross the creek,
after doing which, our men advanced a short distance, and
developed the enemy in a heavy thicket. Company H en-
gaged them sharply, but was driven back to the ounboats,
when the ‘* Perry” and two guns on the ‘ Faron” opened
on the enemy. Reinforced by Capt. Foss’s company of the
Twenty-Fifth, Capt. Sandford recharged the enemy, captur-
ing one officer, with one of their killed and eighteen of their
wounded, all of the Forty-Second North Carolina.
Our loss was —
Cuartes A. Fow er, Company H, Williamstown, killed.
John W. Allen, Company H, Cheshire, wounded.
Curtis C. Gillett, Company H, Southwick, wounded.
David Monta, Company H, Williamstown, wounded.
Gillett’s wound proved fatal May 12th, and Monta was
discharged for disability June 12th following.
188 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
The enemy were pursued without result, our troops
remaining at Edenton until the next day when they returned
to Plymouth. Gen’l Foster’s ‘‘ Orderly Manning” left the
expedition at Wingfield, making his way through thirty-five
miles of the enemy’s country to Suffolk, with despatches for
Gen’l Peck.
April 30th Capt. Sandford, with volunteers from the Twen-
ty-Seventh and Twenty-Fifth Mass. Regiments, under com-
mand of Capt. Flusser of the navy, went up the Roanoke
to Hyman’s Landing, to capture a post of the enemy. Mr.
Hyman was brought out in his night dress, but was ignorant
of any rebel post in that vicinity, until the probing of Capt.
Flusser’s sword reminded him that there was one near a
small house three miles distant. Capt. Sandford at once
marched to the point indicated, and captured twelve cayvalry-
men with horses and equipments,
MARCHING ORDERS.
CHAPTER IX.
GUM SWAMP.
THE eight companies from Washington had hardly settled
at New Berne, ere they received orders to march with three
davs’ rations. The regiment was suffering considerably
from scurvy and exhaustion, a sequence of the siege, but
turned out as full as on dress parade, for which — and their
appearance—they were highly complimented. At four P.m.,
April 27th, we boarded. the cars for Bachelor’s Creek,
leaving there at nine o’clock, with ** one hundred rounds ”
‘ach. We marched twelve miles, in company with the
Fifth Mass. and two companies of the Forty-Sixth Mass.
Regiments, and reached Core Creek about midnight. The
Fifty-Eighth Penn., Forty-Fifth Mass. and Third N. Y.
Cavalry advanced by other routes, everything so arranged
a
as to give an exaggerated appearance of force. A heavy
rain set in at midnight, which lasted until one o’clock P M.,
the 28th, when companies D and EK, T'wenty-Seventh Mass.,
under Capt. Dennison, moved forward as skirmishers, sup-
ported by the Fifty-Eighth Pennsylvania Regiment.
After a hasty advance of thirteen miles to Wise Forks
(otherwise ‘* Dover X Roads” ), they came upon an
' intrenchment along the railroad, held by three hundred of
the enemy. The Forty-Fifth Mass. and Fifty-Kighth
Penn. were at once advanced, but with an alignment which
‘aused mistake as to their identity, and which resulted in
some confusion and loss. Meantime Company D had
advanced under cover of an old building to within close
range, and had lain down to shield them from the enemy’s
190 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS R EGIMENT.
fire. Their position was critical, which being observed by
E company, they ‘‘ rallied as reserves,” and charged to
them, when unitedly they rushed upon the enemy, putting
them to rout. Lieut. J. L. Skinner with his men first
scaled the works, and sweeping to the left, soon met the
Forty-Fifth Mass., with whom they captured twenty-five
prisoners. Sergt. Edmund Boltwood, Company D, Amherst,
was severely wounded in the leg during the charge ; the
Forty-Fifth Mass. losing one killed and three wounded, and
the Fifty-Eighth Penn. one killed. Of the charge of Com-
panies D and E the «‘New York Herald” correspondent
wrote: ‘The pluck of these companies deserves recognition.
The act shows that the indomitable purpose of our troops
finds no discouragement in superiority of numbers or choice
of position.”
Our object being accomplished, the force was ordered back
to Core Creek. The march of the morning had been very
exhausting, some men being obliged to go back to the creek,
hut the return after dark was indescribable. The rain at
times fell in torrents, and the swampy roads churned to a
pulp by the morning march, now lay covered in long
stretches by water six to twelve inches deep. ‘‘ The men
fell in great numbers from exhaustion, some like stones,
unable to move, others in wild delirium, while some uncon-
sciously continued the march, deliriously shouting and beat-
ing the air.” When every a ‘ailable conveyance was full,
stretchers were improvised, while others were borne in
blankets by sympathetic comrades.
Gen’l I. N. Palmer, the commander of the expedition, re-
mained at Core Creek during the day, but learning the
condition of the regiment upon its return to that place,
petulantly called it “*a set of white-livered cowards.” This
odium applied to a body of men returning from a field on
which they had been so victorious that the enemy dared not
follow them, furnishes its own commentary. With neither
GEN’L PALMER LOSES HIS TEMPER.
blankets nor overcoats to protect them from the falling rain,
our men made such shelter as was possible, in doing which
they unfortunately (?) stripped the side of a shed contain-
ing Gen’l Palmer’s horse. Many men dropped upon the
ground wherever they could find a place, some near the
general’s headquarters all of which furnished new sources
of irritation and cursory abuse. Two of the Third N. Y.
mal having been killed by guerrillas the 29th inst., Gen’l
almer determined to capture them if possible, and ordered,
‘As the Twenty-Seventh could not march, they should be
kept marching until they could.” On the morning of the
30th, our regiment left the bivouac, scouting alone eleven
miles to the house of a Capt. Coners commanding a guerrilla
band, but without discovering the enemy. Tive men fell
out on the return, Surgeon Fish securing an old cart and
buggy to convey them back, and keeping one man alive on
the way by artificial respiration. For this, the regiment was
again censured, and Surgeon Fish threatened with arrest.
On the morning of May 1st the regiment marched two miles
to the railroad, and were returned to camp at New- Berne.
r
he effect of this expedition told severely upon the strength
QO r >» 7 a -} > - " . " 7 ; ,
{ the regiment for the month following, a daily average of
two hundred and thirty men being within the hospitals or
answering the surgeon’s eall.
«
May 7th, after a careful inspection of the barracks
adjoining our camp by Lieut. Col. Lyman and Asst. Sur-
geon D. B. N. Fish, the regiment moved into them, finding
them airy, roomy and comfortable. The next day we had
the pleasure of greeting Major Bartholomew with Compa-
nies G and H from Plymouth, and, after ten months of sepa-
ration, the regiment was once more together. The same day
thirty families from New Berne were banished from our lines
for disloyalty, by order of Gen’l Foster. They were taken
On cars to Core Creek, but the enemy, who hed been previ-
ously advised of their coming, refused to receive them, and
192 TWENIY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
burned the bridge at the creek, forcing us to leave seven
carloads of their effects upon the ground.
One can hardly forget the enthusiasm amongst the negroes
at this time, placards being posted around the city, calling
for four thousand men for ‘* Wild’s colored» brigade.”
Street processions of most motley characters were the order
of the day. These would swell to multitudes as they passed
from street to street, singing,
‘“ We'll hang Jeff Davis to a sour-apple tree!”
The enthusiasm of the negro women knew no bounds.
Following the ‘* procession of recruits,” with glowing faces
and distended mouths, they seized every able-bodied man of
their race, shouting, ‘‘ We’s don’t want nofin of you round
yere, Bill Joe! you’s looks a heap better in de crowd dar!”
at the same time shoving him by force into the ranks. That
brigade was soon filled!
May 13th Mrs. General Foster presented the regiment
a handsome full-grown fawn as a testimonial of the high
regard of herself and the general. The presentation was at
‘* dress parade,” and the gift was received at ‘‘ present arms”
with hearty cheers for the general and his worthy lady. The
fawn was a great pet with the regiment, following us in all
our movements until at Julian’s Creek, Va. ‘There its fre-
quent foraging expeditions incurred the displeasure of one
of the citizens and it was shot. It had the utmost confi-
dence in the regiment, and in times of danger would run to
us for safety. Being chased near Suffolk, it dashed across
the river, followed by the gaining hounds, and, reaching
camp, rushed into a tent and leisurely laid down, as much
as to say, ‘* There! I know when I’m safe.” It is worthy of
notice in this connection that it was a frequent occurrence
for the general and staff, with Mrs. Foster, to be present at
our evening parade, an honor highly appreciated by the regi-
ment.
GUM SWAMP AGAIN. 193
Frequent depredations along our front by the enemy,
secured for Col. J. Ritcher Jones, of the Fifty-Eighth Penn.
Regt., permission to attempt to dislodge them. Col. H.C.
Lee, Acting Brigadier General, being North on a leave of
absence, his brigade (consisting of the Fifth, Twenty-Fifth,
Twenty-Seventh and Forty-Sixth Mass. Regiments) was
assigned for this purpose, and with three guns of Riggs’
Battcry, and a portion of the Twelfth N. Y. Cavalry, ren-
dezvoused at Core Creek about sunset, May 2\lst. The
TIwenty-Seventh was ordered immediately to Col. Jones
at Core Creek bridge two miles distant, while the remainder
of the force, under Col. Pierson of the Fifth Mass., were to
move by the Dover road at midnight, and divert the enemy
until Col. Jones with his own and the Twenty-Seventh
Regiment should arrive in the rear of the enemy.
At eight Pp. M., as the moon set, the Fifty-EKighth Penn.,
followed by the Twenty-Sevéenth Mass., left the railroad just
above the bridge, striking into a chaparral swamp ten to
twelve miles wide, unpierced by road or path, with foliage
so thick and tangled as to shut out the least trace of light.
After penetrating this swamp a mile, our course turned
sharply to the east along an old ditch a mile and a half, then
as sharply due west ten miles, through an everglade defying
description. For miles the regiment marched in single file,
through indescribable darkness, following their leaders by
hand upon their belt, or the click or crackling of brush be-
fore them. Interminable snarls of briars, vines, and brush
beset the way, the former clinging tenderly to, and torn
obstinately from our persons, or, In unguarded moments,
snatching our caps and hurling them into darkness and slime.
Sometimes in flying from the comrade in advance the briars
would show their attachment in a most feeling way across
the neck and face, or, tangling the feet, pitch the luckless
adventurer sprawling into the seething mire. The vines
were so thick and low as to require much of the march to be
194 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
made in a stooping posture. Every step was sy eipgias
a slumpy, sucking sound, as we sank ee ~~ a - :
then tugged to withdraw from the sticky dep » he i
word was audible, nothing disturbing the eo ene
but the labored step, crackling bush, or soteenn ‘a ans —
disturbed in its lair. As the column changed as one _—
midnight to the west, the rear of the line olor gre i
lost, by one of the men catching a nap “ nas
ranks, and allowing those in front to move : a a
For thirteen hours, without other rest mae : na _
ouides consulted, the column slowly worked tam ay ~ ) wt
this trackless wild, passing between two A a igri
unnoticed, until, at nine o’clock A. M., 3 1e ea é nee
umn emerged from the swamp a ~~ on rg scares
enemy’s works. Companies b, U, anc
mothe Pte under Capt. Caswell, were aipodite . =
Dover road above, to intercept reinforcements Ol “oe gota
cape; and Companies D, H aan )
Col. P; e column could
slash ales /Ol. Pierson claims to have understood
enemy now held the road with three cei teihiidin
a Ne)
hence ordere a chm , and
nce ordered his line to move back into the swamp
it wandered for * where
dered for hours, so near the railroad as to h ar the
locomotive whic
tig ( which had been sent with a train to return them
Q) 1 eC Ww ay* i ; s " 1 ; |
neo derne. Lieut. Hunt with his little squad, bravely
1el¢ ir tas , Haga CaP agit
on position, and kept the enemy in check, until
ordered up > tral :
7 : Pe the train, when they moved cautiously down
| e road about four miles, meeting the head of the
Just as it emerged from the swamp
enth Mass.
column
eisiinat sineesdia: ance As the Twenty-Sey-
eedeek at Bed ee a. ) ack, an officer on the train
pe lat regiment is that?” and well he might :
smeared with the black mud of the swamp on as fa ; m nae
clothes, we looked most like «a a liate Hee PH inp woeg
correspondent, writing at the time: “We Atop gt see etee
miles on the ars, and found the troops ee e RO abe:
Gum Sy:
1 Swamp, and a more worn, tired
men I never sg; |
mud.”
W
fe avail
Ry? oe of an extract from Capt. Deuny’s able
| > Lwenty-Fifth Mass. Reot
experience on this march i
lina swamp ; —
for,
merging from
7 and pitiable set of
SE hae Pape os
, wet to their hips, and fairly covered with
.» deseribine their
and their opinion of a North Caro-
‘* It.was four miles of
as UT ; é
miles ol mud and slush knee deep four mile s of
; 28 0
198 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
thick underbrush, of tangled wild-wood, of brambles, of thorny
copses, of water courses and stagnant pools alive with creeping
things, and crawling things,—of snakes that hissed, and adders that
forced their villanous tongues into sight, if not intolegs. Through
this terrible place ‘we cut and slashed our way, slowly, tediously,
orievously. The sun, as if to make our efforts more unendurable,
nouted down its burning rays and not a breath of air came through
the thick foliage to our relief. Burning with the heat, exhausted
with fatizue, men called for water,—‘Give us water!’ Men
scooped up the thick, muddy water in their tin dishes, water black
with the poisonous roots and the slime of swampy pools, and cover-
ing the dish with a dirty towel, or a long-carried pocket handker-
chief, — anything that could be utilized as a strainer,— sucked the
black water into their stomach. Oh, the horrid taste, as if drink-
ing pulverized snakes and lizards, and oh, how it griped, and served
like an emetic or a purging powder upon those who imbibed of
the noxious compound. In that fetid pocoson the mixture our
soldiers imbibed had been seething for a century.”
It mav have seemed to some of our friends that our
descriptions of these swamps were overdrawn, hence we
are glad to corroborate it with the above.
Our tired troops were soon on board the cars and whirling
towards New Berne, grateful for the refreshing breeze of
the rushing train. The force opposed to us consisted of
the Twenty-Fifth and Fifty-Sixth North Carolina Regiments,
and Cook’s Brigade, the Fifteenth, Twenty-Seventh, Forty-
Sixth, Forty-Eighth and Sixty-Second North Carolina Regi-
ments, with eight pieces of artillery. Comrade Nelson A.
Kingsley, of Company A, Twenty-Seventh Mass. (West-
hampton), was asleep in the swamp when we left Wise
Forks, but on awaking, discovered three regiments of the
enemy near him. While musing what to do a negro ap-
proached, when Kingsley retreated further into the swamp,
neglecting to take his rifle with him. The negro found the
rifle and left without discovering its owner. Kingsley wan-
dered in the swamp, dodging the enemy at various places,
DEATH OF COL. JONES. 99
ve
and made his way to camp, reporting there two days later,
much to the surprise of his comrades.
Just before emerging from the swamp in the rear of the
enemy, Comrade King, of Company I, was trudging along
more asleep than awake, when he marched butt up against a
huge forest tree, sadly disfiguring his face. He suddenly
opened his eyes and rubbed his disfigured phiz, exclaiming,
‘‘] wonder what in thunder that tree is doing here!”
The Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. had just reached camp,
when notice was received that the enemy had attacked the
outposts along Bachelor’s Creek, with orders for us to be
ready to move at a moment’s warning. Companies A and
I, Forty-Sixth Mass. Reet., were holding the Neuse and
Washington road bridges over’ Bachelor’s Creek at Maple
Grove, Sergt. A. S. Bryant, of Company A, with seventeen
men being stationed at the former. This force was ate
tacked early in the afternoon by the enemy, but held the
position until the arrival of Capt. Tifft with two companies
and a section of Riggs’ Battery, which was en route
Gum Swamp for New Berne.
Bryant for conspicuous
from
A medal was awarded Seret.
g \ 3 occasion. By
coolness and rapid firing, Capt. Tifft impressed
the enemy
with the presence of a large force, and he
ld them in check
until the arrival of Col. Jones with D and I companies of his
regiment. The enemy with their artillery were stationed
at a house eighty rods distant. Col. Jones ordered the bridge
relaid, and right and left flanking columns thrown out,
while he, with his companies, advanced up the road. He
had been credibly informed, that the enemy were present
in Superior force, but he gave it no attention. With his
orderly, Michael Webber, he
advanced a few rods across the
bridge,
when a shot pierced his breast, breaking his spine
and lodging in the back of his blouse. He fell into his
° iyiv’s ar + , . . . c.f ° », ' °
orderly’s arms, exclaiming, ‘‘Oh, Michael!” and expired.
Our men then fell back into the intrenchments, while the
200 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
detachment of the Fifty-Eighth Penn. who could now hear
©
hastily returned to that point, leaving the two companies of
the Forty-Sixth alone. The enemy, however, made no far-
their regiment heavily engaged at the Creek railroad station,
ther determined attack upon them.
While deeming the act of Col. Jones imprudent, we can-
not but put on record his sterling character. Although of
rough exterior, he was a man of principle, and fearless in
the discharge of duty, It is an encomium rarely deserved
when we say of him, no swagger, bluster, cursing or rum
ever defiled his lips. The Twenty-Seventh Mass. attended
his funeral, but amongst the obsequies, there was no more
eloquent sorrow than that of ‘‘ poor Mike,” crying like a
child as he led the colonel’s horse in the procession. The
enemy retired during the night, our loss in the expedition
and during the attack at the Creek being only two killed and
seven wounded.
We cannot close the record of this expedition without re-
ferring to a ludicrous experience of our comrades of the
Twenty-Fifth and Forty-Sixth Mass. Regiments, as they
were en route to Core Creck. We copy it verbatim et liter-
atim, from Capt. Denny’s history of the Twenty-Fifth Mass.,
page 202:—
Wuar 1s 1r?—In marching to Bachelor’s Creek, having pro-
eeeded about four miles, the column was halted for a short rest.
It was far beyond the midnight hour, and, therefore, the wonted
time had passed when church-yards are supposed to be haunted by
all sorts of sprites, and the air is said to be filled with the harmo-
nious music of the spheres. It is not to be supposed that the men
forming the T'wenty-Fifth Massachusetts Volunteers, educated as
they were in the schools in New England, possessing all the general
intelligence marking the New England character, had gone down to
North Carolina to be frightened by owls, ghosts, or live rebels, or
that they would be inclined to believe in stories about ghosts, fair-
ies, witches and apparitions. We say this while we well remember
THE TWENTY-FIFTH AND FORTY-SIXTH PUZZLED. 201
that so great a poet as Robert Burns. . . . said — ‘“* though no one
can be more skeptical than I am in such matters, yet it often takes
an effort of philosophy to shake off these idle terrors.” But if poor
Betty Davidson had concentrated all her ghost stories upon the
Twenty-Fifth Mass. Reet., as it was halted in the woods on that
darkest of nights, the terror could not have exceeded that- oeca-
sioned by the swift passage of the apparition, the phantom rider, the
frightened deer, or whatever else it was, or might be supposed to be.
Briefly, while the battalion stood halted in the road, something
Struck the flank just below Company K, which had the advance.
It came like the rushing of a mighty wind, and, suddenly, the reg-
iment opened to the right and left, and just as suddenly, the men
.were heaped up promiscuously in either ditch, without order and
with no regard to rank— captains and lieutenants, sergeants and cor-
porals, men of the front rank and men of the rear rank, number
one men and number two men indiscriminately piled together like
the pieing of a printer’s form, while each man’s hair upon his head
stood erect like quills on the fretted porcupine.
: Capt. Denny stops just here, leaving every one to draw
his own conclusion. From our knowledge of these regi-
ments we append our belief that they were not suffering
from too much ‘* Commissary,” or ** Kentucky sustenance,”
though we are well aware such results are very apt to follow
the too free use of such comfort. The. captain should have
added, they were so disturbed by this apparition as to have
sought a neighboring house, inquiring if they ever had commo-
tions around there at night? Betsy replied ‘* Law, yes! a
heap of dem! When you uns fust come, we uns had ‘ right
peart time chucking de Yankee soldiers, but fust we keinowe;
you uns cabalry came into de camp over dar and kills all
our men. Since den, we can hear dem cabalry charee ebery
: . a : 3 sae e eee ry
night | Many of the Forty-Sixth Mass. Reet. shared in
this experience. What was it, Colonel ?
TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
CHAPTER X.
RESIGNATION OF COL. LYMAN. —LIFE IN NEW BERNE.
For nearly a year, the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. had
been under the command of Lieut. Col. Luke Lyman, whose
wise supervision and thorough drill had brought the regi-
ment to a high degree of efficiency. His knowledge of and
proficiency in tactics had established for him the reputation
of a field officer second to none in the department. Under
his command the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. had been
engaged in the Tarboro, Kinston, Whitehall, Goldsboro,
Gum Swamp and Wise Forks expeditions, and the siege of
Washington, in all of which they had received the congratu-
lations of their commanding general. Col. Lyman enjoyed
to a remarkable degree the confidence of both officers and
men, and was accessible to the lowest private seeking re-
dress for grievances. On the 28th of May we le: rned “with
deep regret of the acceptance of Col. Lyman’s resignation,
and received his adieu in a few chosen words upon dress
parade that evening. The officers of our regiment presented
him with a handsome silver set, properly inscribed, as a
token of their esteem.
Through some informality the first information received
by Gov. John A. Andrew of Col. Lyman’s resignation, was
through a letter of Major Walter G. Bartholomew of the
Twenty-Seventh Regiment, recommending certain promo-
tions, which drew from the governor the following endorse-
ment of Col. Lyman : —
GENERAL LUKE LYMAN. 203
Boston, June 5, 1863.
Mason Water G. BARTHOLOMEW :
No official information of the resignation of Lieut. Col. Lyman
has reached this department, and while the within letter indicates
that such resignation has been te sndered, the Governor trusts that
it may have been withdrawn, or not have been accepted, believing
it would be a great loss to the regiment to lose so able and faithful
an officer.
By order of His Excellency,
JoHun A. ANDREW.
A. G. Brown, Jr.,
Lieut. Coi., Mil. Sec.
Lieut. Col. Lyman received from Congress the title of bre-
vet brigadier-general, for conspicuous service during the war.
Gen’l Luke Lyman was born at Northampton Noy. 1, 1824.
At the age of nineteen he enlisted in the Northampton Artil-
lery Company, and received successive promotions therein,
until holding its command. This company, though by name
in artillery, was really an infantry company, and at the time
embraced most of the leading citizens of the town. He was
a natural leader, and his ambition seemed best satisfied
while drilling his company in the manual of arms, or while
engaged in field evolutions. It is admitted that much of the
reputation of the Northampton Artillery Company was due
to Capt. Lyman’s inspiriting presence and zeal. Upon the
outbreak of hostilities, at the request of members of Am-
herst College, he became their military preceptor, and
infused a most enthusiastic military spirit among the stu-
dents. In retiring from service, Gen’l Lyman returned to his
position as register of probate for Hampshire County, and
has held that office continuously until the present time. He
has been chairman of the seleetmen and overseer of the
poor in his native town since 1876. He is a man of large
experience, practical knowledge par marked individuality,
and well fitted for enlarged usefulness.
204 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
The command of the regiment now devolved upon Major
Walter G. Bartholomew, an officer of great personal mag-
netism, restless activity and presence of mind. He was
brave to a fault, and blind to all opposition. He was pro-
moted to lieutenant-colonel of the Twenty-Seventh Mass.
Regt. May 29, 1863. Capt. William A. Walker of Com-
pany C, senior captain, was promoted to major; First Lieut.
J. H. Nutting to captain; Second Lieut. J. L. Skinner to
first lieutenant; and Orderly William McKay of Company
H, to second lieutenant.
June 6th the Twenty-Seventh Regt. relieved the Forty-
Fourth Mass. Regt. from provost duty in New Berne, and
were conveniently quartered within the town. For four
months they were subjected to the demoralizing influences
inseparable from such service, but maintained their high
standing and discipline. While relieved from the exposure
and peril incident to outposts, the duty was no less exacting
and important. The execution of the provost marshal’s
orders; the ordinary police duty of cities; the surveillance
of questionable citizens; the demanding of passes from all
enlisted men; and the prohibition of all travel within the
city lines after nine o’clock at night, all devolved on them.
On entering the town Capt. Charles D. Sandford of Com-
pany H, was appointed provost marshal of New berne, with
Lieut. W. C. Hunt of Company A, as assistant. Captain
George W. Bartlett of Company K was at the same time
appointed provost marshal of Beaufort. All of these officers
by their faithfulness added much to the safety and efficiency
of the department. Only one unpleasant event marred the
execution of this duty. A soldier connected with another
regiment disregarded the authority of the guard, in executing
which the refractory soldier was shot dead. The occasion
furnished an opportunity for the expression of the good will
existing between the Twenty-Fifth Mass. and the Tenth
Conn. Volunteers, and the Twenty-Seventh Regiment. The
nahin ait ee
sas . soaivooii sei NN Ra CGA AO RRS Silk AAP RALLIES ONEEL LAIAA A O
ATTENDING A COLORED CHURCH. 905
regiment of which the offender was a member made violent
threats of retaliation, but received information from our com-
rades above that ‘if any trouble was to be made with the
Twenty-Seventh, they must be counted in.” The affair was
a very unfortunate one, and as deeply regretted by our regi-
ment as by the unfortunate man’s comrades. ‘The guard was
deeply moved by the result of his act, but was exonerated
and sustained by the commanding general.
While on duty in the city we improved the opportunity
of attending the eolored church, and here relate what we
saw and heard as descriptive of the religious type of the
neero character. The day was a hot one, the thermometer
registering one hundred and ten degrees in “—_— and
the church in the suburbs, was crowded to its est capa-
city. A well-proportioned colored man occupied the pulpit,
who, in a simple, fervent prayer, opened the services. This
was followed by the singing by the congregation of
“Roll, Jordan, roll.
I wants to go to hebben when I dies,
To see Jordan roll; ”
which was sung with a melody and pathos peculiarly their
own. The reading of the Scriptures was an indication of
the preacher’s good intention, though he walked darkly, with
guesses and ventures vexatiously mirthful. The long prayer
was long and exhaustive. First humble, then persuasive,
pathetic, fervent, grandiloquent, uproarious, roof-lifting,
until the congregation, moved from centre to circumference,
were shouting. ‘¢ Amen! Tank de Lord! Oh, yes! Come
along, mourner!” Amid such excitement one person was
‘arried out ‘filled wid de spirit” (in a swoon). This to
them was the height of spiritual life, making the subject
almost a saint, for this frenzied excitement was to them ‘* de
power of de spirit,” and as such encouraged.
After this prayer, and the singing of another soul-stirring
melody, the preacher announced, ‘sMy tex is de fourth
206 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
chapter of de Reberlations,” from which he argued his call
to the work, —‘‘ Come up hither, and I will show thee things
which must come to pass hereafter,”— adding, ‘*An I has
come to tell dese yere sinners, what da are coming arter.”
After launching out in a glowing talk on heaven, he closed
with the peroration, ‘‘ Bredderin, | feels as I was jus afore
de golden gates, wid de shinin streets afore me, an I knows
I shall soon be dar, wadin knee-deep in milk an honey.”
During the sermon a rat ran across the platform in full view
of the congregation. A good ‘* brudder,” not relishing his
presence, rushed at the intruder with his cane, much to the
amusement and disturbance of the congregation, the
1 99
sturbancesfip dar !
The contribution was an essential feature of the pro-
gramme. The preacher stated the amount needed, and asked
the deacons to come up to the front and receive and count the
money, while the choir sang. Very few came forward upon
this effort, when the preacher exclaimed, ‘‘ We wants a bet-
ter chune dan dat; Brudder Carter, you come heyar an lead
de congregation!” Brudder Carter raised an old soul-stir-
ring melody, which the dullest spiritual army could not
resist, when they came forward filling both aisles with a
stream of contributors. This through with, he added,
‘¢s Now, while Brudder Carter is a doin de singin, let de choir
an deacons come yere an gib dar money.” It was after all
a religion of heart, if not of understanding, und, in spite of
incongruities, we have always held in high veneration the
simple, trusting faith of this down-trodden race.
The hospitals of New Berne were the pride of the de-
partment, and, grouped together, were named in honor of
our commander, ‘‘ The Foster General Hospital.” Their lo-
cation was the finest in the city, upon a square between Craven
and Middle streets, and with the residences thereon, and the
barracks constructed in the spacious gardens, furnished
preacher . at its close, ‘* Bredderin, dar’ll be no
FOSTER GENERAL HOSPITAL. 207
unequalled accommodations for all de
It was amply supplied with every
gical appliance, and was under the
standing in their profession.
The medical department of North Carolina was in care of
a medical director and a medical purveyor. Surgeon C. 4
Cowgill was in charge of the Foster General Hospital. with
an able eorns ie ae
le corps of subordinates, detailed Bonen: Stan
regiments.
mands made upon it.
remedial agency and sur-
‘are of men of recogniz: d
Capable Ǥ a various
oa eae / € | < @ hurses were secured from the con-
alescents, whose constant experience
and invaluable.
‘* wards,”
res]
. soon made them skilful
The hospital buildings were divided into
and these wards were placed in charge of 1
, onaibia for the comfort and cleanliness ofathpix depart-
ment. Neat iron bedsteads, mattresses, and ig bi
were ¢ rg 1€ i
re abundantly supplied, with readine for the
lescent. :
1urses,
COnVa=
The culinary department received liberal donations from
the Sanitary Commission under Dr. J; Wis Pee of Seth
Me., and contributions of delicacies from lain: iv
ordinary commissary supplies. r
the Foster
beside the
“pete The spiritual interests of
Ospital were j maT eo ; a
Rouse, an FE € m charge of Chaplain J. W.
eee upiscopal clergyman from Rochdale. Mass
whose active sympathy : ee
and unselfishness m: i
ss made him peculiarlv
the man for the place. ! ~
The adjoining grounds were laid out
Metiolsoes he cesessaton and taste, and richly supplied with
: and fragrant flowers. Those who were
permitted to rest within the shaded bowers
_ amongst the flowers ; while through the window the suf-
crers might feast their eyes on the floral beauties, or ae
able were
, or, if willing, to
their frao 6 ‘ rm: .
srance. This hospital was for the relief of the over-
crow » é¢ » >
ded <««y egimental hos
‘ vitals,” but not removi a
cessity. I ; ot removing their ne-
ea fs
Peet Iditional accommodations were provided at Beau-
and Fortsmouth, thr
| ough which our invalids :
hot season, 5 1 nvalids, during the
were permitted —
ad to enjoy the invigorati
208 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
The term of enlistment of the nine months’ regiments hav-
ing expired, they left the department as follows : —
June 6th, Forty-Fourth Mass. Regt.
June 11th, Third Mass. Regt.
June 22d, Fifth Mass. Regt.
June 24th, Eighth, Forty-Third, Forty-Fifth, Forty-
Sixth, and Fifty-First Mass. Regiments.
The Third, Fifth, and Forty-Fourth Regiments, went
directly home, but the other organizations were ordered to
report to Gen’l Foster, then at Fortress Monroe. ‘ Gen’!
Lee,” with rebel hordes, was at this time invading Mary-
land and Pennsylvania, and these regiments (with the excep-
tion of the Forty-Third) offered their services to the govern-
ment for the emergency. Their offer was accepted, and
they were ordered to report to Gen’l Schenck at Balti-
Py
more.
We are sure a brief notice of the Forty-Sixth Mass. Regt.
will be acceptable to the Twenty-Seventh Mass. and _ its
friends. The regiment was recruited from Western Massa-
chusetts, at Camp Banks, Springfield. Nov. 5, 1862, they
left for Boston, where, after several days’ detention, seven
companies went on board the steamer ‘* Saxon,” the other
three companies being upon the steamers ** Mississippi,” and
‘¢ Merrimack,” with the Forty-Third and Forty-Fifth Mass.
Regiments. The Forty-Sixth arrived at New Berne, Nov.
24th, camping upon the ‘ Fair Ground” (peculiarly ‘* our
camping ground”) and were at once assigned to our (Lee’s)
brigade, and armed with Windsor rifles. Companies A and
K, under Capt. (afterwards Major) Spooner, immediately
occupied Newport Burrack, made vacant by our hasty depart-
ure for the Tarboro expedition. The regiment took an
active part in the Goldsboro expedition, and boldly met the
desperate charge of the enemy at its close, in their attempt
to capture Morrison’s Battery. Until March 13th, it was
rHE FORTY-SIXTH MASSACHUSETTS 209
engaced in strene : a
oo”, oR stre ngthening the fortifications aiid duvtine
and the following day » and during tl
Maintained an adv
the Trent road, t} =" mht itellbgat teens bencine position on
ad, though closely pressed by the canta
Lat
attack lew
ttac k upon New Berne. On account o
Fort Anderson (across the Neuse
the fortifications, but on its re
former OSItic
se —— March 26th they reinforced Major
JiO »W é F | | th
mew at Plymouth, remainine ther |
step 2 . uning there durin:
ent attending the siege of W
anxiety to the |
) in their
{ the assault upon
) they were ordered Within
pulse, at once advanced to their
sar-
r the excite-
| ashington, listening wit] |
| rumbling cannonade which tol i f
Upon the arrival of Gen’] Wessell’s bri bs
they returned with Major . fan
Sth, ar
¢ rd ‘A : ra 4 at
renewed work upon the fortifications
us On the Wise F
? ise Korks expediti
Forks expedition ; not to omit the fxllant
defence of the ido : :
he i hea jar by Companies A and |] upon our
would not do. ; > What they did was creditable, what they
. tol do, and what they offered to do .
Much feeling existed amone shi Bie
an order by the War Be
those revimente :
. keen
our peril.
> gade at Plymouth,
sartholomew to New Berne May
joining with
was notably so.
* nine months’ troops, from
epartment, requiring the muster of
é¢ ;
to date from the muster of
\ée OP x 1 Q ‘ . .
pany, by which its last com-
si it iter cucee ae additional service
wi ; Ge nl Foster ordered that ¢<
— discharged from date of their mi
cation was approved by the
Although it added yy
vice of the Fort
avail themselves
was
companies
ister if the appli-
commander of the reciment.”
. more than a month to the
y-Sixth, they magnanimous]
ser-
y declined to
‘
mip bee Col. Jones Frankle of the
hundred : e < \ 4 rtillery, secured upwards of
—" its members for his ides
was Lieut, |
earth’s
one
lordyee A. D regiment. Of this number
JC@ A. Dyer of Plainfie pe
” ariy attainments
devotion. Durin
Provost mar
| arshal of New Rer ‘
his post, and [ Ne W Be rhe he refused to quit
for others fell a victim to the
courage, and
self-sacrificipo
re) y 5 "eV ‘
g the prevalence ot vellow
fever, as
S 7] = , + ~ 5 .
210 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
June 24th the regiment left New Berne with orders to
report to Gen’l Foster, then at Fortress Monroe. Lee’s
army being at this time on its raid into Pennsylvania and
Maryland, the Forty-Sixth volunteered its services to the
general government during the emergency, and was ordered
to report to Gen’l Schenck at Baltimore, and by him was
assigned to Gen’l E. B. Tyler, commanding the outer de-
fences of Baltimore. They remained here on provost and
patrol duty until July 6th. After the battle of Gettysburg,
they joined Brig. Gen’l H. S. Briggs’ brigade in the pursuit
of Gen’l Lee. Proceeding the 7th by rail to Monocacy
Junction and Sandy Hook, they were ordered to ‘* occupy
and hold Maryland Heights,” the enemy being in force at
Harper’s Ferry. Here they remained, picketing the Sharps-
burg road, until nine p.m. the 11th, when, after a continuous
and exhaustive march of twenty-four hours, they joined the
First Corps, Army of the Potomac, at Funkstown. While
the army was crossing the Potomac at Berlin, the regiment
unexpectedly received orders to proceed by shortest route
to Massachusetts, in obedience to which they reached
Springfield July 21st. The Forty-Sixth Mass. was mustered
from service July 29, 1863, on Hampden Park, by Capt.
Gardner, United States mustering officer. The regiment
lost sixty-four men from wounds or disease while in service.
The Third and Kighth Mass. Regiments were unfortu-
nately armed with Austrian rifles, which, after a short and
unsatisfactory experience, they suggestively named ‘* rusty
trifles ” a parody upon the common ‘* trusty rifles.” But for
these arms, these regiments would have gone to Charleston,
5S. C., with the force in January.
Upon the resignation of Capt. Daniel Messenger as pro-
vost marshal, Col. H. C. Lee was appointed Provost Marshal
General of the Department of Virginia and North Carolina,
holding final decision over all questions of appeal from the
rulings of the provost marshals of the various posts. Of
KEENANSVILLE AND WARSAW EXPEDITION. 211
this appointment the ««New York Herald” correspondent
wrote, ‘* No better selection for this important and respon-
sible position could have been made in the department.
Col. Lee is known as a sagacious, vigilant and impartial
officer. His integrity and zeal are beyond question, and his
ability to fulfil the duties of the station will be
ever opportunity offers.”
July 4th, Gen’l Heckman, with the Seventeenth,
Third, Twenty-Seventh Mass., Ninth New Jersey, and One
Hundred Fifty-Eighth New York Regiments, advanced thirty
miles into the country in support of a raid of the Third New
York Cavalry upon the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad.
Ihe first night we bivouacked on
beyond Pollocksville, and re
the morning of the oth, halting about ten o’cloc!
beyond Trenton. From this point the exped
to Keenansville and Warsaw, de
manufactories of |
iron foundry.
proven when-
Twenty-
a large plain five miles
sumed our march at four o'clock
< five miles
ition proceeded
stroying two trains of cars ;
and whiled
away the time with jests over the encounters which they had
had with our regiment. Major Whitford was dressed in a
lieutenant, were taken aboard the ‘‘ Ella May,’
neat suit of gray, with a gilt star upon his collar and em-
broidered knots upon his arms indicating his rank. Of
the battle of New Berne, Major Whitford remarked,
‘¢ Give the devil his due; it was your Yankee rifles that
took that place ; you got the range complete, and it was sure
death to rise above the works. You were thoroughly
whipped, but were fools enough not to know it, and
¥
turned around and licked us During the transaction
of ofticial business, the writer conversed with the lieu-
FLAG OF TRUCE VETERAN GUARD. 215
tenant and found him an under-graduate of Yale College.
He severely criticised the government for arming the
slaves, asserting that it was an evidence of our extremity,
and that it would unite the South as never before. He
said if the war should be left to Massachusetts and South
Carolina to settle, —or better still to Jefferson Davis and
** Abe Lincoln,”— it would be a just retribution. (Davis was
considered by them a dead shot.)
ry » —~ + | .
he rank and file at Street's Ferry were armed with
various kinds of fire-arms, and clothed with everv stvle of
oar ‘ : rn cad Eee ts DRT e ; e e
garments. They were ignorant in the extreme, morose and
revengeful in appearance, evidently fair exponents of the
poor whites and their squalid poverty. The only thing of
5 e/ v >
interest to them was suggested by their remark, «« You uns
wear right peart clothes.” On the arrival of the women and
children, one woman, formerly of Pennsylvania, as she
‘ame on board, looking up, pathetically exclaimed, «* God
bless that dear old flag! Oh, how beautiful
it looks!”
Altogether, the visit to Dixie was ple
: asant and enjoyable,
developing a friendly intercourse, and drawing from the
lieutenan 1 oe an Ce te
int the honest declaration, ‘ r ;
Service. I'hey rendezvoused at New York or Boston, at
Tariol S IQ » wW > _ . » .
o hie s, delivering detachments of men for the armies
‘In the East : leat | 129° ,
ist ind West. In the spring of 1864, upon their own
reques S F 4
juest, Lieut. Wood and most of the men returned to the
regiment. C: Traf
g ent Capt. Trafton remained at Boston Harbor till
the spring of 1865,
216 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Thirty years previous, James Whitby had taken Emeline,
a neighboring slave, as wife, and fifteen children had been
born to them, eight of whom had been sold, enriching his
9)
master by six thousand dollars. ‘‘ Jim” knew, however,
that by the courts of his State it had been declared ‘* there
could be no legal marriage between slaves,” and now that he
was free, requested to be ‘‘jined by de book, cordin to
9
de law of liberty.” A son was also to be married, hence they
decided to engage the Episcopal Church, ‘‘an be jined
like white folks.” At the appointed time the church,
brilliantly lighted with gas, was filled to its capacity,
the double train crowding the chancel to repletion.
Jim” tried by vigorous ‘pulls to cultivate a closer
relation between his pants and shoes, for the pants were
considerably shorter than warranted by fashion; and
Emeline, in ordinary dress, by a free use of saliva was
endeavoring to smooth her curly locks. ‘The young afhant
was in perfect bridal costume, with orange blossoms, veil,
train, and page; her deep ebony features, broad smile, and
full white set of teeth, presenting a strong contrast with the
motley surroundings. Chaplain Rouse officiated, and to the
question ** You promise to take Emeline as your Jawful and
wedded wife?” Jim emphatically replied, ‘*‘ Yes, Massa; I’ll
99
do dat for shu!” To the suggestion to Emeline that she
would love, honor and obey, she replied, ‘* I'll try, Massa.”
This was a little too much for Jim’s ardent affection, and
he heartily expostulated with her, declaring, ‘‘ We’s want
©
9
dis ting right dis time, for shu!” so Emeline consented to the
full text.
The younger couple were effusive, till stunned by the
superfluous challenge of the marriage service, allowing any
one to question their right to each other. No objection
being raised, Judy dropped her head in coyish delight, while
the groom rolled his eyes in supreme felicity. With much
stumbling and instruction the services were concluded, and
©
A NEGRO WEDDING. 217
t r( y - - alt: é¢
old folks’ teers
€ cE cis we frst ia illi
: 2ard the thrj ‘ neor
melody : — -_ thes
‘“* Nicodemus the slave was of Afrie;
He was bought for a bagful
He was counted as part of the ;
But he died years ago,
in birth,
of gold ;
Salt of the earth,
: very old.
Iwas his last request, so we laid }
In the trunk of a hollow tree,
Wake me up, was his ch: arge, at the
Wake me up for the great Jubilee.
him away
first break of day
‘
Twa as ‘You: ‘Wiig. on ian way.
Now run tell]
st here,
Elijah to oe up i
\ » Us c p,
a ‘ h S ie)
If Nicodemus would not wake
moved the crowded cabin at that mi
volume will do little to
them
under such fe rvency as
Inight hour, melody and
Emancipation was to
“a ation of long
accomplish it
a great jubilee, and in the re:
hope, every power of body and
me lody which expressed their
o-deferred
into this
eliverance.
mind was rn
faith in God’s d
918 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
CHAPTER XI.
GEN’L FOSTER CALLS FOR HIS OLD BRIGADE.
Ocroper 4th, after four months of provost duty in the
city of New Berne, our regiment was relieved by the
Seventeenth Mass., and went into camp upon the south of
the Trent River, near Fort Gaston. This was in preparation
for a more important movement. Gen’l Foster’s order on
leaving New Berne, ‘indicated he had farther use for his
original brigade, anda natural pride and confidence in them
led him to desire their presence in his immediate vicinity.
October 10th, he issued a special order transferring them
to Virginia, and the 13th, inst. it was promulgated through
Maj. Gen’l Peck.
HEADQUARTERS ARMY AND DISTRICT OF NortH CAROLINA,
New Berne, N. C., Oct. 18, 1863.
SPECIAL OrpDERS, NO. 59.
The following-named regiments and batteries will at once proceed
to Elizabeth City without camp and garrison equipage, to which
point the quartermaster’s department will furnish transportation.
From Elizabeth City they will march to Norfolk, and upon their
arrival, be reported to Maj. Gen’l Foster, at Fortress Monroe.
The Ninth New Jersey, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fifth and Twenty-
Seventh Mass. Volunteer Infantry Regiments, Belger’s Battery F.
Camp and garrison equipage will follow by transports. .. .
By command of
Mas. GEN’L PECK.
Bens. B. Foster, Asst. Adjt. Gen'l.
HEADQUARTERS FORCES AND DEFENCES OF New BERNE,
New BERNE, N.C., Oct. 13, 1863.
( Official.)
J. A. Jupson, Asst. Adjt. Gen'l.
PROVOST DUTY AT NORFOLK. 919
This order was received wi
: ler was received with evident satisfaction by all
lese organizations, from their unbounded confiden
ence
enthusiasm in Gen’l Foster and
Until this time most of the
} -~ rt a8 < ‘ ¢
in its capture ’ this
ie pture, but by this order only the Fifth Rhode Is] 1
sir ad | | \ Sk
egiment remained of the original force =
sen » State a
t to the State to replace our brigade
culty in obeis
Other troops were
| Owing to diffi
obtaining ‘ancr : ) vere
oo taining transportation through the sound, tl
*( er rs S > ‘ wat ’ : 3 |
was changed so that the Twenty-Seventh Ma .
A Le “ . uss.
barked u —
€ pon the steamer 66 Jol nt ”
c y JOnn AG) ‘ mwntar T ’
Clntsiee inih Rice,” at Beaufort, N. rat
7 | It arrived at Newport News
18th, at six p.m
1e
witha, Sunday, the
praca a : i uvouseked on the banks of the
Pt onag el ‘ igh . The rest of the brigade followed
nee: an ast of it (Twenty-Fifth Mass.) arriving Oc-
" ae L. A” tents, well banked, and sea-weed ;
stitute for straw, enabled us to prote sive
chilly winds and nieht air
as asub-
ct ourselves from the
Battalion and skirmish drills —
by bug ith j
y bugle — with inspection and reviews. ¢
duty. ae
October 28th, Maj.
Gen’l J. G. Foster | Ma).
omprised our daily
ae ,) »)
: yen'l B. F. Butler superseded M
>In command of the T
ee , ‘ 1e Depar >of V
: ie | | , spartmen
sy and North ¢ arolina, the latter be : rn
| 9) . » : (* at
Maj, Gen’l A. E. Burnside, in e¢
of the Ohio.
«ae ‘ :
gallant commander, but followe
in his hasty mare
oe ey — through Cumberland Gap in relief of
ube Burnside’s beleaguered force at Knoxv; ef o
relieved by Gen’l Schofield —
Department of the South.
Nove
mber 10 asia
tv-Seventh te see order of Maj. Gen’l Butler the Twe1
Apieaab Mass. Reot. report SPIO Seo ih dee aaa
ge i: vegt. reported at Norfolk and Por
provost duty < and Portsmouth
; relieving the J hy seen +:
> ’ a Cc 4 _W y Fa a eS |
seven companies = enty-First Conn. Regt.,
S being etati i +
ET aes daa a g stationed at the former and three at
bitter dis] | it hese cities were in bad repute ee
SIOVHITV «s
5 t ty and humerous places of wee
il’-
ing ordered to relieve
seme | Oommand of the Department
) 8s transfer we bade a fina] adieu to our
d him with increasing pride
ee , and when
» in His vigorous operations in the
from their
resort. To
220 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
control these evils, companies pases quartered =< seas
parts of the cities, and a daily detail of ten ~— as : —
special patrol, beside the guards psec ee ei
tion of public and private property. A sie Nee Hey
established over suspicious persons and sigan ' ae
ury and provost i, iG: mS — ue y! quel
forced. On account of the ease o ehemeiasie i *
mae afforded at Norfolk, ——y of the See cee
their wives to enjoy the winter with cummed but : ss i ies
was shunned by the élite of the place. This, 6
a little matter, as the number of ontnekn — oe the
formed a large circle of itself. Prominent ote re
North ‘visited the place in the interest of their 558 aa
ments, among. whom was C. M. Lee, Be ete ae.
Lee, and O. W. Wilcox, Esq., father of real % ee
both of Springfield, Mass. The latter aE 2 a was to dispose of his obliga-
Just how Col. Bartholomew was to dispos Spa gt
aS , | as ‘ver indulge
tion in reply, no one could guess, as he had neve1 noise
3 3 LP ae) IVT TATynA Wi 4 W
‘n oratory before his men, and hence they were
delight over his oraceful reply.
Mr. Mayor: ig AN MEL Lar 18 Da ,
I thank you, and through you the citizens ol sala my pean
friendly reception which has welcomed our ome + 4 ee
trials of our campaigns, next to the Bie is a ee
duty we were best sustained by Ks av! ar ihe ge:
a vathy and affection of our lens nt ian it i 1 is ae
som which we have this day bite a ulead: 5 ee
ed for us, we forget all our past tria 8, “ | Teh HE ult
(i ey awards which our fellow-citizens and hie Ema
bestow upon us. I conceal from no one my pride goss aie seg
with which I have the honor to be connected. the first to aiioh
danger or patriotism called them, they have ay ioe an beaver
é d the last to leave. Massachusetts has sen my eto
ae of men, and there are no braver men than those whom Mas
sachusetts sends. Sb hamie To are
— Mayor, we have come home for a few pub ee vin pa
ae with the work we have commenced, aga ee ay
BOIns sae ie hall bring in our right hand victory and peace.
aek go's we snié = ; Me a ie errs,
2 igi cael of one thing which no other Pi ade : yaa is
an : for a vear and a half that we have been wis fmyD a i has
am aa lost a man killed, wounded or taken ria Pe a fot.
saa a well-known fact, that when is bags: cca Sori
the ranks were full to the last man. Oul oy figs RE a ee
‘ishes to be remembered to his Springfic
ins'y . 4, ei sat he is in command of his old pegiment
You will be glad to hea yeas Bhs Bang ae i
. 2 and, though we say it, deserving |
again. beloved by all, and, i
‘or . ‘heers for the
Mavor Alexander again called. for ‘‘ three cheers ic :
T at Seventh Regiment,” and Col. Bartholomew ‘** fo1 : 1€
wel) Vr. e , > = s] rT) and t en
| ingfield ” ‘sour gallant colonel,” :
it] yf Springtfie and ‘* our gall: :
citizens of Springfield a
‘ 66 1H ( r wel Tele » (— =
gave the command ‘* Ready, 17
ist ared as
7 ; loading the tables disappeared
and the refreshments loading the t
APPEARANCE OF NORFOLK — A CENSUS. 225
promptly as the enemy on a Core Creek raid. After dinner
the men were dismissed until February 14th,
month’s furlough, re-arrived at Norfolk, Fel
Under ante bellum regime, every
and after a
ruary 19th, 1864,
thing at Norfolk seemed
Wharves, streets, vehicles,
h renovation or repairs had never
The whites had a pinched, scrimped,
Ww remaining, no young men
their work being performed by girls, e
to the driving of mule carts about the city.
hegro was ** omniprevalent, omnif
ance for labor.
to have gone to wreck and ruin,
and people looked as thoug
been dreamed of.
hungry look, and among the fe
were to be found.
ven
The ubiquitous
arious,” and the main reli-
After enlistment nothing suited them better
than a raid into the surrounding country,
their return being
surpassing the wildest
scarecrows or ‘* hobgoblins.”
iny and bacon
marked by processions dreams of
This boasted land of «« hom-
” did not furnish a ‘* rooter”
ance would not suggest the
redeemed
whose appear-
last stages of consumption. It
itself on oysters, however,
superior to Norwalks
‘* plants.”
Which were as far
as the latter excel the ordinary
* Oysters, natives, fine and fat ;
Oysters roasted ! think of that!
Oysters cooked in every way;
Oysters plenty every day.”
Such was the poetic
effusion of one who for t}
revelled in their
lusciousness.
During the winter a det
for a census of
1e first time
ail from the regiment was made
the colored population of
Negro families were huddled together
Without regard to convenience,
were about as e |
children were
that vicinity.
in squalid poverty,
comfort or decency, and
us a lively ant-heap. The
» that many were without names,
Suggestive nicknames,
e, and the like.
the parents to atte
asy to enumerate
sO numerous
and answered to the
Black-brat, W oolly-pat
Suasion could induce
Nigger-head,
No amount of per-
mpt to furnish names,
COLORED SCHOOLS — RETURN
OF COL.’ LEE.
226 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
and four primary departments.
thousand scholars,
by
‘ATA "Ag “ } '. ae 3 result ‘
the difficulty. Whether as a desperate resort, or as a
These were
| t y T<« ’ r “yO s . va’ rn] ’ t: Ix ro t ‘ | t] ) t f Atte nade d W\ cw O
i ' ‘ - c |
while the evening schools were crowded
motley throngs beyond
possible accommodation.
Ne guage fails to describe the longings of these
‘tae rien ee engaged in the work, pe Nts Bee , r
of wilful maliciousness of those engaged a i, ones for a taste of knowledge. An old man
ill but as a fact, all the great men of the nation writer, «Ef
wil not say, su as <¢ AU, « es : ; ; : ge ” ‘ y
furnished with namesakes, not omitting many officers
were she
dis ole man ean only
usself, of de lub ob Jesus.
‘ om primer and
: : ; A : siderable amuse-
: > § syance and cons
fer re ulted In some anno’
powe rres
5 _ f - - n i } | . read from dis blessed
i " \ | )] |
< nN nti . r} l J Li O {
it’s nough for me!” A
Testament constituted
for the most part
: Mr. Coan wrote :
3 cet our daily rounds of
oer - -wac unusual, while on t
faction. It was not
the Course of
S S$ 2ioate r] ense satis-
ment, over which its perpetrators cloated with Int
5 =
study, and
March. 1864,
‘wenty-Seventh Mass.
they have been our
aying circle, and we
hest Satisfied their Wants.
‘*For months the J
Se ae regt. has been with us ;
, ¢ ¥ > "14 "O 5S y
the city, to be suddenly stopped by a stentorian voice
a ? F r
defenders. have
: 3, Saying, ** Come he-ar dis
attic or cellar, calling our names, saying, ‘* Cor
met us in our pr
have been strenothened
by their
od!” This was followed by a ’
. ~ A 5 . yke \ er hed 5
minnit, or Pll bre ‘
prayers and exhortations.
: nuch time to the Instruction of the
< cherubs from the gutters, with ,
scattering of black cherubs fro = night and Sabbath
sudden scattering o i 9 abb:
hands full of ciear-stubs and other gutter rubbish. We eas
‘ ~ am ty ; s . ee ‘ us pe ew oO .
After entering the city, Chief Musician L. C. Skinne1
iformed a dr corps of twenty
‘oanized niformed a drum ¢
Amherst, organized and u
Lhey have devoted
poor freedmen, and our
schools have been greatly aided by them,
ly regret the necessity of parting with them.”
Upon the accession of Gen’] Butler to
the command of
C. Lee was relieved
by the discontinuance of the
ent at Norfolk.
» he was on special
ot Norfolk, and
this department, Col. HH.
ice brought them to unusual
rpersiste practice brought
members, and by persistent ]
as Provost
1 bh] ‘de t marshal Offiée: ana
of par : » pride to
. - | . . > > . ré 7 ‘ Souree ot Arc ONnA } ¢ }
perfection. This corps was as I
WI rejoined the regim During January,
. Ls e : ‘ 1en . ;
poe we ‘ment to the citizens.
PGT OEY Nee of vreat enjoyimel
the regiment, and 5 :
Kebru-
service with Porter Sher-
George Ki.
. . P a . 5 . g "e TS busi-
its martial strains filled the air in parading the streets, i
: : ies PATA ace ) AD yreclh -
ness cares and treasonable reserve gave place to ap]
Carney, K’sq., of
: as ** bank commissioners,”
colored
department enjoyed the
tion and delight. No band in the department enjoy
persons, who claimed
they had
5. sic was to him an inspira-
vomrade Skinner. Music was
is due to Comrade §
or Which had been
M4 or owl axe a 4 self. : : :
j ind most of his exercises were original with hims
teat | ses see _ 1867.
Comrade Skinner died at Plainville, Conn., Feb. 14,
omrade :
against Col. Donahue of t]
h labor was bestowed in establishing religious and shire Regiment. by his lieutenant col
: apvpor as ion ’ Ry, ka 4 ~ 5 ss ; ai ~
eon ' facilities \ portion of the time the religious
educational facilities. .
as acquitted,
The DP'wenty-Seventh R
] ore uf
r ih ‘ choice of the church, and
, “1 lworth, by choice of
Later, Chaplain Wov¢ Q
the accused w
; ~ va i i y
; etal ees the theatre building.
‘ices of the regiment were held in
services of the regin
viment was under the command ot
» and by faithful Service,
Provost marshal of Norfolk, the declaration
N.C. ‘* The Uwenty-Seventh was the best regiment for
ird labor at Fort Hatteras, N. C.,
having been sentenced to hard labor at Fort I ;
Pia > duty T ever knew, seventeen men and
: J 2r Rev. W. L. Oan,
> ‘mac ‘ 2 tterances. L nder
3 - Hea » enayTy re 1e
the appointment of Gen’l Butler, assumed charge o
she : TE
won from
Col, Whelden,
hd a i {ip > . ‘ . ne
: & ‘a} ; pastor, Rev. Dr. Armstr« =?
First Presbyterian Church, its pastor,
provost
ished, including eight graded
hools for freedmen were established, including eight gra
schools |
228 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
population of forty thousand as quiet as any New England
city.” The evening of March 4th, the enemy was reported
ment advanced three miles into the country, bivouacking for
the night and following day in a driving storm. At eight
p.m. the evening of the 5th, we advanced a little beyond
Magnolia Salt Sulphur Springs, remaining there until the
morning of the 6th, but finding.no enemy, returned, reach-
ing Norfolk the evening of the 7th.
Norfolk was thoroughly northernized by the introduction
of large numbers of merchants from New York, Boston,
Philadelphia, New Haven and Springfield; in fact they
monopolized its entire business. The most questionable
enterprise was the establishment of the ‘* Norfolk Regime”
under military auspices. It could hardly claim to be a news-
paper, its contents being mainly the publication of courts-
martial, with charges, specifications and findings, verbatim et
literatim. It was a frequent inquiry, under what stress of
service this outlay was warranted, or from what appropria-
tion paid?
March 21st the Twenty-Seventh Mass. was relieved from
provost duty by the Fourth Rhode Island Regiment, but on
account of a protest to Gen’l Butler from military authorities
and the board of trade, the order was rescinded. This did
not reach us, however, until the 22d, at which time we were
well on the way to ‘ Julian’s Creek.” The regiment were
averse to returning, and succeeded in holding good the orig-
‘nal order so far as to secure the relief of most of the regi-
ment; Company F, and fifty men from other companies,
were, however, returned to the city as a special guard. Six
‘nches of snow had fallen and the entire distance to Julian’s
Creek, was marched in a driving storm, which increased to
almost a hurricane before we reached our destination. or-
tunately for us —as we could neither bivouac nor pitch tents
at such a time —the Tenth New Hampshire Regiment was
JULIANS CREEK — RECRUITS. 229
x
abse *
sen nt from camp, and, true
ld Grani 2
anite State reg . é‘
cord: } ot - 5 we received from those re ; , ‘
ALE welcome for the nicht , Maly
to i . ay? "
the generous impulses of the
ig a
7; The : : Pa)
a foo >. : > morning o ;
t of snow lay upon the eround ‘ i the 23d
> ;
r + aw | ry S€ i / \ en (
= lad
cleared » :
ee the snow, pitched and stockaded hai
adjoining field, and sKaded their
cheerfy] fires,
Ey *“ » ;
with drifts of consider-
r > t] ’ a 1, ‘ed . ‘OuN th 1r
were { 1 » .
During the months of
hundred and thirteen
oe
Regiment, bringing jj
January, F
vanuary, February and March. two
reer + : J > .
ults joined the Twenty-Seventh
Q acor veo . 5 vat » a e
Sestegate strength to nine hundred
cee" » Of which less than five
cr surgeon's care.” Of tho
si ; . ! sc W
these months jt is but vat
** recruits,” their
and thirty-three men
per cent. were
? joined us durine
| ring
tie Just to say, that while technically
acts soon proved any
them and veterans to be oe apc
Baca
ividious. If they emulated the
enthusiasm of more
, they succeede
NC ; 2eded because of
neritorious record of the
courage, invincibility and
natural affinity. The
se men durine t} Bat
war, warrants ve jn Aien.:...: ng the remainder of
3 sie ee us In dismissing, once ih ah a ler of the
crult. "hile , : © ‘ le term << »
: hile the service of the reciment | , ae ty.
unremittent and exactine Leen eres
= 9
been hitherto
upon a
mtr eMangeityin r contests bore little com-
ucity, flerceness and carnace
even to our Veterans “
few hours’ strife
| were new ex-
: » for upon former fields
i » We charged the ene vi
vrm success. No defe:
no time had we
our hacks
periences,
rie - atter a
Bs lemy's position with uni-
it had tarnished our
ye ) 2} TQ .
en driven from the fie] or
to the enemy |
deteat fro f
die i m the errors of others many
: : S, ‘ r TATA
le in loathsome prisons, yet “hSity
: ? | nt :
men were Constant
on the field
record, and at
foreed to turn
We were T
© HOW to meet crushine
4
a to lancuish and
ey | n lese experiences the
“nt Mm service, vigilant
sr » and patient :
Vhile stationed at
>
Brigade was
: new
: vig In danger, couraweous
In suffering even unto death Bh
Julian’s Creek, es
7 Heckman’s
edie ckman’s Red Star
consist T
nsisting of the lwenty-Third
J ’
230 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Iwenty-Fifth, Twenty-Seventh Mass., and Ninth New Jer-
sey Volunteer Regiments, all of which had been closely con-
nected with us in service since the fall of 1861. It is not
too much to say of these regiments, again united with us,
that they were the peers of any troops in the field, and so
far as courage and fortitude would sustain, were thoroughly
reliable. Brig. Gen’] C. A. Heckman, the commanding gen-
eral, had earned his promotion from lieutenant-colonel of the
Ninth New Jersey, in active service in North Carolina, and
was known by us to be a fearless and valiant commander.
April 12th the Twenty-Seventh made a reconnoissance in
force to the Blackwater River, but returned without discov-
ering any traces of the enemy.
April 17th Adjutant E. D. Lee, a genial and popular
officer, died, at thirty years of age.
—
a
Epwarp D. LEE,
Eldest son of Hon. Artemas Lee of Templeton, Mass , was
commissioned as second lieutenant March 15, 1862. He
joined the regiment May Ist, and was promoted first lieuten-
ant Nov. 16, 1862. He served most of his time with Com-
pany I, Capt. Wilcox, or as adjutant of his regiment, but
at his death he was acting assistant adjutant-general on the
staff of Col. H. C. Lee. The latter wrote of him: «+ As an
assistant adjutant-general I never expect to replace him.
He was, in office, prompt, systematic, untiring, and on the
field, cool, brave and determined. His loss ‘creates a gap
which will be felt and noticed.” Maj. William A. Walker
wrote: ‘*In the performance of his duties he was prompt
and efficient, devoting his time and abilities to the interests
of the regiment, and adding no small share to the reputa-
tion it enjoyed for order and discipline.” He had been
acting in his last position but a brief time, but had been fre-
quently complimented by the department inspector for his
order and accuracy. He was a thorough student of his
v
EDWARD D. LER.
position, excelled by few in his knowledge of
military discipline. In the :
summer's conflict,
! tactics and
midst of preparations for the
he was prostrated by an infl
the lungs, and removed to Balfour 3
Va., where he died April 17, 1864.
to camp at Julian’s Cree
ammation of
Hospital, Portsmouth,
The body w
16 body was brought
k for funeral] services
escorted to the steamer at Norfolk by
warded to Lee, M :
ie Bets :
brother of his was in
received in battle.
» When it wag
his company, and for-
4ss., for burial. At Lieut. Lee’s d
death, a
ad precarious condition from wounds
232 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT,
CHAPTER XIII.
THE DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA IN DANGER.
Tue history of the Twenty-Seventh _— ea Pi
interwoven with the Department of North ( aro mH i nega
of events occurring since the departure of the io gee eh
Bekiot's terest. In October, 1863, the enemy extende
Ticeh - “ their department to include the southern de-
wage Reape: ; ae Wilmington on
ences of the James River on the north, and eer %
ae south, with headquarters at FOtereOUrE; ag aie en
partment was placed under command of oe nit x
Pickett, whose vigilance and courage gave game meg
part of the enemy of a determined effort to rid North Care
pete nf tne Dine od idence in their ability to accom-
lina of its invaders. Confidence in a : trier d
plish this was strengthened by their knowlec¢ Be at ase
parture of Gen’l Foster with his eatin rt » erie
t] of the Union army by the withdraw:
Fs duit sac and Maj. Gen’l John G. Peck, sn
de f the Union forces, was of conceded courage ‘i
coenensli skill, and had distinguished himself at atone
iid Suffolk: Va. He had not, however, the bong : rf
discidived to secure in advance a spc gc 7 te ne
slans and strength by expeditions against, _ : : sai
Sy ieuibteinias along the enemy's lines. W caydhoisipe oe
force at his command, such activity was imperatively
ati t of dawn Feb. 17, 1864, the One Hundred and
o v
1. Y. heg ol. P, J. Claassen, at Bachelor's
Thirty-Second N. Y. Regt., Col.
NEW BERNE ATTACK ED. 233
Creek, was attacked by Hoke’s, Clingman’s, and Corse’s bri-
gades under command of Gen’l Pickett.
brigade moved on Fort Anderson
Gen’l Barton, with Ransom’s
through Pollocksville, on the
communications with Be:
Fifth Rhode Island at Ne
construct batteries
One Hundred
fended
Gen’ Dearing’s
across the Neuse, while
and Terry’s brigades, advanced
south of the Trent. intercepted
ufort, captured a company of the
wport Barracks, and attempted to
along the river below the Trent. The
and Thirty-Second New York
their position several hours,
upon the enemy
gallantly de-
inflicting severe loss
, including the death of Col. H. M.
Roanoke Island fame, until the
with a detachment of the Se
the Seeond North Ca
block-house at Beec
Shaw of
arrival of Lieut. Col. Fellows
venteenth Mass.
rolina Union Volunteers, occupying a
h Grove, surrendered without
permitting the enemy to gain our rear.
hardly reached Supporting distance of C
he found his flanks assailed by Hoke’s brigade, before which
he retired to the fortifications at New Berne with a consi
able loss in prisoners. Col. Claassen’s troops fell back |
the railroad, contesting the
enemy’s advance ;
tunity, reaching the intrenchments at New B
A company of
contest,
Col. Fellows had
ol. Claassen. when
ler-
Vv
it every oppor-
erne late in the
afternoon.
The night closed upon New Berne
forces occupying the timber
the Neuse ;
with Gen’l Pickett’s
fronting our de
fences between
ind Trent rivers, and (
ren’! Barton investing the
city on the south of the Trent. Our
city were about four miles
defences encircling the
Ss in length, including Forts
Rowan on the railroad, and Stevenson
outlying on the bank of the Neuse
» 4S western defences, with
Forts Gaston and Amory south of the Trent,
Spinola outlying on the Neuse, easterly. Our
force did not exce
ed thirty-five hundred men,
present only a feeble re
Able-bodied 1.
Totten
on the Trent road,
and Fort
available
and could
xtensive line,
armed and scattered
sistance along this e
‘groes were along the
ey Y
TOW nena om Py 1 INT.
TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMI
ee a @ any A, Twen-
fortifications. Lieut. W. C. Hunt. (of Company grees
OFrtulnicavlons. . : Or ake Say arshs OT INew
ty-Seventh Mass. Regt.), assistant provost . a
y-oeve punta ¥ , eutlioara | 3 raders, under
Be rne, rallied a full company of sutlers oe C detin ”
be y i ; il tL : ompany,
tl uphonious title of ** Letter B (let her b: é é Gs
lie © hibiti ; he took uh-
n wi i evolutions and courageous exhibitions he ee
in whos PH ati evening rebel bands regalec
] led delight. Dut ing m . > Flac.”
tah cose: © ‘¢Lone Star,” and ‘* Bonnie Blue Flag,
“4 fe - c 5 c
99
ee ‘¢ Dixie,” ‘ eens
‘ie bee its band responded from Fort Aber a national
airs, and ‘** Oh, dear, a ptonluan ce coat and fifty
| idnight a volunteer force sp ge
Maser Richmond, under a Col. W ood, spi entn nes
the elise in ‘* launches,” intending ¥0 apes rei ae
ts fleet The gunboat ‘* Underwriter” lay a se lark-
eet and was closely approached under i ny
ae The enemy disregarded our eo Re anele
vee and before the crew could be rallied, W - ens ihn
he anak: A fierce hand to hand conflict ensnet chip se
et aici result, until the i SMR of k pt
cd take aeu Seba senso sind ace AecleSMOR gi Ma igi
att fire upon the unfortunate gunboat, Leathe ph
azine and frustrating the design of the pest nical The
the unqualified approval of the et “i A elke ” our
ial were in full possession of the ‘* Unc is are ae
men Rati been driven into the water, ee i age
J los} ao eS it fell upon the foe with disastrous woh
a ; it may appear, at daylight the next MOrEINgs
seonm elm ritl his entire army had withdrawn. M —
Gen’! Pickett with ino ouns of our forts in front,
the field, covered by the frowning pugetbgone lank was too
and the biiniineuisi fire of our nah on vr ng sini
ih for the sensitive nerves of Gen viegeon bag ego
he was disgusted with the failure of his t ticiahs taut in
es ie = rs and the non-appearance oO a ‘oiae ’
Sais wae We venture the suggestion a a
sue ‘kliit for the first lost him the prize. 5 3 ia 7
divisions might have forced the southern sari “yy mn
tured the place, although they could not have held it.
TERRIBLE REVENGE — PLYMOUTH ATTACKED. 935
A terrible fate awaited the unfortunate company of North
Carolina Volunteers captured at Beech
Grove, many of
whom were deserters {
rom the rebel army.
trayed by one of their own sergeants, and
arms, twenty were executed at Kinston.
They were be-
being found in
The orderly ser-
who voluntarily furnished the
nee hecessary to
geant of the company,
COmMm-
ny roll by which evide
secured, suffered a Just retribution ip
them.
The report of their execut
at New Berne, |
ity beyond the 1
army,
their conviction was
being executed with
ion caused a thrill of horror
ut an investigation failed to establish criminal-
isages of war. They were de
and their terrible fate was
The fault was with the gvove
or if enlisted. allowing
The natural tendency to
lish such charges
serters from their
Justified by military law,
rnment in enlisting such troops,
them in such exposed positions.
revenge, rendered jt easy to estab-
against ** Buffalo Yankees,” as they termed
them.
Brig. Gen'l H. W. Wessell,
mained at Plymouth. since relie
the Twenty-Seventh in May, |
garrison.
with his brigade, had re-
ving Companies G and H of
563, with little to dis
Frequent rumors of
destined to assault the
turb the
an ironclad at Rainbow Bluff,
place, were received,
sisted of the Sixteenth Conn., |]
dred and First and One Hund:
Regiments ;
His force con-
“ighty-Fifth N. Y., One Hun-
ed and Third Penn. Volunteer
Companies «« > Capt. Ira B. Sampson,
fake: Pei Capt. Joseph FE, Fiske, Second Mass.
I'wenty-Fourth N. Y. Battery
Ss Cavalry, an
lina Union Volunteers :
Neld,” <«<« Whitehead ”
force — exce
and
Heavy Artillery ;
two companies of the Third
Ll two companies of the First North Caro-
with the gunboats «« Miami,”
and <«« Bomb-hell.”
pting detachments
present at Plymouth.
troops were
** South-
April 17th this
at Roanoke Islan:
Sunday P.M
attending divine
taneously attacked at W
roads, and early in th
l— were all
the 17th, while the
service, the pickets were
ar Neck, Fort Grey and I
© evening a desperat
simul-
4ee’s Mills
€ assault was made
236 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
by ‘* Kemper’s brigade” on Fort Grey. This assault was
repulsed with great loss. An artillery duel ensued the 18th,
the enemy being again repulsed in an attempt to break our
lines adjoining ** Lee’s Mills road,” but about eleven P. M.,
after three successive charges, Hoke’s brigade succeeded in
carrying the Eighty-Fifth Redoubt, or Fort Wessell, and
capturing its garrison.
<
At three a.m. the 19th, the gunboat ‘* Whitehead” was
‘¢on picket” at the head of the islands, with instructions to
give immediate notice of the approach of the ironclad ram
«‘Albemarle.” In some way the ‘*‘ Whitehead ” allowed itself
to be surprised and cut off from the direct channel, so. that
the first warning of our fleet was the sight of the ‘‘Albemarle ”
bearing directly upon them. Commander Flusser immedi-
ately lashed the “*‘ Miami” and ‘* Southfield” together, and
stood by his forward gun (ut the time loaded with a shell),
and as his mailed antagonist closed upon him, drew the lan-
yard, against the protest of his erew, when a piece of the
rebounding shell struck -him in the side, inflicting a ghastly
and fatal wound.
Lieut. Commander Flusser entered the navy in 1847, and
for meritorious and gallant service, received successive pro-
motions, his commission as lieutenant-commander being
dated July 16, 1862. Being of Maryland birth, a scion of
the family of Theodore Bland, and nephew of Commodore
Mayo, U.S. N., strong influences were used to induce him
to desert his country for the Confederacy. Just after the
opening of hostilities, while attending his uncle’s funeral, he
heard some one say that his uncle had * lived long enough
to attest his loyalty to the South.” Flusser indignantly re-
joined, ‘*In my opinion Commodore Mayo lived one week
too long for his own honor or that of his family.” He was
as fearless as loyal, as dashing as determined. It is reported
of him when bearing down upon the ‘* Sea Bird,” the rebel
Lynch’s flagship, at Elizabeth City, February 10th, he hailed
LIEUT.~-COMMANDER FLUSSER.
the vessel, saying, «Tell the commodore to geet
| | ; ! out his
fenders, I’m coming aboard :”
: : | and the next moment
steamer struck the ‘* Sea Bird,”
waves,
his
crushing it beneath the
Among those who pressed him to join the South was his
. Aas Ne
comrade Ins, afterwar
rade, Hollins, afterward an officer in the Confederate
navy. Is reply, s isti , |
His reply, so characteristic of the man, has
made public : — been
Mein Oaw. i. % shall never do it.
What! be one of
ss . + . ° 1 2 +y* {rT "Q
to flre on the Flav? Not J! tthe very first
I . TA 4) ¥ Oo ; .
have no appetite for argument
ny Is it not enough to drive an
man out of his senses, to find thieve
itself ?
to-night ; my heart is sick.
ionest
. 8 making a great nation d
here are your wits, man?
In ** peace” and slavery?
forever, and worse.
estroy
How can this business end?
i. _ j 2 2 ;
: he end may bring the death of both
inaugurate an era of blood
Just look » unparalleled,
JU: <, then, at the prospect ;
‘ ds ct; blood, rapnine smite te
Hollins ’ ; pine, cle solation, war,
“Thou cans shake
u canst not shake thy gory locks
at me
And say I did it.” ss
Yours in Union.
| r |
C. W. FE LUSSER.
Let this be ‘his monument ;
choose a nobler epitaph ;
the lowly in
headstone
few men raise their own,
and, though we buried him
the soldiers’ graveyard at New Berne
now bears this simple inscription, |
or
amid
, and his
——FLUSSER,
U. 8S. Navy,
yet a grateful people will hold him jin
their children to copy |
After the death o1
test continued but
field” and «« B
memory, and teach
118 example.
, |
of Commander Flusser, the
a short time before the ste
ombshel] ” were
uneven con-
amers ** South-
sunk, and our navy retired to
238 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
the sound. Reinforced by the ‘‘Albemarle,” the enemy
hurled a galling fire of grape, shell and canister from all
sides on the devoted garrison. Three successive demands
for surrender were met with prompt refusals, to the last of
which, Gen’l Hoke retorted, «I will fill your citadel with
iron, and compel you to surrender, if it take the last man!”
At 4.30 a.m , Wednesday, April 20th, Pegram’s, Marshal’s,
Blount’s, and Lee’s batteries opened on the works along Co-
lumbia road and Coneby Creek, under cover of which,
‘‘Ransom’s brigade” in ** double column by division,” by a
desperate charge, carried Coneby and Compher redoubts,
and pressed into the town. The enemy’s fire now swept
every portion of our line, while the contest was waged from
house to house and tree to tree, until at seven o’clock, all
the defences but Fort Williams and Fort Grey at War Neck,
had been captured. The former was under command of
Capt. Ira B. Sampson, formerly of the Twenty-Seventh,
who at this time was chief of artillery on Gen’l Wessell’s
staff. For five hours this force withstood the combined
attack, the entire artillery of the enemy and the **Albemarle ”
concentrating a fierce fire of grape, shell and solid shot upon
the fort until the unequal contest was ended by the surren-
der of Fort Williams. Fort Grey, finding all the other
defences captured, capitulated. The enemy heartlessly mas-
sacred all negroes with arms, besides many of the North
Carolina Volunteers. Our loss was fifteen killed, one hun-
dred wounded, and sixteen hundred prisoners; that of the
enemy ninety-five killed, and six hundred and thirty-five
wounded, After the defeat of our naval forces by the
‘‘Albemarle,” Capt. Horace I. Hodges, assistant quarter-
master, volunteered to carry dispatches to the fleet below, in
doing which his boat was capsized and the captain drowned.
Capt. Hodges was born at Savoy, June 12, 1818, a graduate
of Williams College 1838, studied law with Bates & Hunt-
ington, Northampton, and with the exception of three years,
PLYMOUTH SURRENDERED — CAPT. SAMPSON 939
aa t/ ¢
practised law or resided at that place.
in politics, a trial justice, judge of
sioner for Hampshire County.
tain and
He was influential
insolvency, and ecommis-
: He was commissioned
assistant quartermaster 1863
this post, and died : » age of f
ay | | di at the age of forty-six years, le:
widow and two children.
aving a
Ira B. Sam}
Cap-
» With assignment to
ISON Was born in Middlefield, April 22, 1840
and received a 3
sergeant-major’s warrant
Seventh Mass. Reot.
Missioned a
in the Twenty-
» dated Dec. ‘, 1861... He
second lieutenant March 1
resignation, was under
promotion with us.
battles
Was Com-
» 1862, and at the
) recommendation for
He was present in the
| of the Twenty-Seventh Regiment
of the siege of Washington, N. C.,
mention for
time of his
marches and
until the close
receiving honorable
| ! & successful movement from Bachelor’s Creek
against Whitford’s guerrillas. He wus promoted i.
tain of Company G, Second Mass. Heavy Artillery. and after
several months of recruiting service at the North ,
to active duty. 3
Large bounties had drawn a ereat number
as Cap-
returned
of bounty-jumpers to his
command, and the movinoe cf h:
: ‘ lOVIN] oC -
battalion to the 2 of hi
seat of war without the
warmly commend
March
chief of
3 loss of a man was
ed by Gov. Andrew and Gen’l Pierce.
1, 186 ren’ rsW
; i 64, Gen] H. W. W essell appointed him
3 artillery, Department of Albemarle. His head
( uar ers TATA at ny : rs ; ; 1 ; ;
Se Pang at Fort Williams, the principal defence of
Flymo the ¢ is f
ti in | Of the contest made by this fort during Hoke’
attack, Gen’l Wessel] said: ** Capt :
of old and ¢ 3V ps |
i Agi patterns, were handled with a coolness and
SK worthy of ; ‘aise, inflicti i
oo SRAM) of all praise, inflicting severe loss upon the
nemy. apt YE a :
Far © Sampson capitulated Fort Williams
, ifter the capture <
himself receiyed
surrender,
S
Sampson’s funs, though
| five
ft the town of Plymouth.
& wound from a shel]
He suffere
and Savannah, Ga.
escaped from
having
just previous to the
d Imprisonment ten months at Macon
» Charleston and Columbia, S. @. He
Savannah, July 3, 1864, but was recap-
24) TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
tured three days later within three miles of our gunboats,
On the approach of Gen’l Sherman to Columbia in February,
1865, he secreted himself between the ceiling and roof of a
piazza to a hospital building, until the 15th, when he es-
caped to a barn near the city. Here be witnessed Wheel-
er’s (rebel) cavalry fire the railroad depot and several
warehouses, and says the fire was raging heavily when the
Union forces entered Columbia. After serving on staff
duty to Fayetteville, N. C., he descended the Cape Fear
River on the first dispatch boat in charge of a howitzer.
After a leave of absence he returned to duty as commander
of Fort Macon, and resigned June 8, 1865, after the close
of hostilities.
April 25, 1864, for reasons unknown, Maj. Gen’l Peck
was removed from the command of the Department of
North Carolina. He retired from service to his home at
Syracuse, N. Y., where he died in 1878. Col. Har-
land, with the Twenty-First Conn. Regt., was at this time
holding Washington, N. C., and learning of the capture of
Plymouth, evacuated the place, destroying the fortifications
and large quantities of military stores. All points on the
rivers and sounds were expecting each in turn to fall victims
to the ‘‘Albemarle.” Our fleet had been reinforced by a
superior class of naval vessels, including the ‘* Sassacus,”
‘‘Tacony,” ‘* Wyalusing” and ‘+ Mattabesset,” each of
which were armed with iron prows. Commodore Melanc-
thon Smyth, an officer of large experience and energy, was
also placed in command of the naval forces in the sound, and
the hope of the department was, should the ‘‘Albemarle”
venture into the open sound, the fleet might be able to run
it down.
At four p.m., May 5th, the steamers ‘* Mattabesset,” ‘* Sas-
sacus,” and ** Wyalusing ” were lying at anchor at Bluff Point
near Edenton Bay, when they received warning from the
‘‘ Miami” and ‘* Whitehead,” on picket near the mouth of
A NAVAL COMBAT. 2A
ae
the Roanoke Riv
a > Kuiver, that ‘* the R: —_ ’»
Ram was out, attended by the
‘* Bombshell” and «+ Cott Font? |
otton Plant.” The «« Ram.”
* ~ ) -
dred pound Brooks guns, rifled, and these so
fire from front, sides and r sur
to just below E | |
‘ ~ : : W _ § s ’ . r y
| Edenton Bay, wl
a gun from the ‘* Miami.”
ms ¢ , Tee y od
sacus “ followed with bro
from their mailed
otherwise
one-hun-
arranged as to
It was decoyéd by our fleet
len the conflict was opened by
rr
The «s Mattabesset” and «« S
adsides, but their missil
rat Sess antagonist like rubber balls. In turning
fj a broadside, the deck of the ‘* Sassacus” was raked | Mae
ire O » . YN "ane - - . AS AKC rv 1e
{ sharpshooters upon the steamer «* Bombshell.” ¢
to deliver its broads; 2 acer
erence 8 broadside upon the rebel craft
cata ted in the Immediate surrender of tl
«| “ rly
shell. The « Mattabesset ”
engaging the ‘*Albemarle.” | ” ue
‘s Sassa ” me, when Commander Roe of the
OaSS8acus,” determine las .
; etermined to close upon the foe. With thirty
pounds of ‘Steam, and throttle wide open, the <«* Sass; :
rushed for its antagonist, Striking it sitiidsh! ) at SNe Hp
ten knots an hour. Its prow pierced th a
with full steam the « Sassacus ” | é
ponent heavily upon its side.
At the moment of ¢
through the ««S
as-
es bounded
the former ——
1e ** Bomb-
and «* W yalusing ” were
a speed of
iron monster, and
continued to crowd its op-
Ollision a hundred-pound
oe assacus” from stem to stern,
| image. . . i . ie on : aS
passed through her boiler, and quick e : en | n. Scores
asse - * scalding steam. §
ina ec 1 of scalding s
s” is enveloped ina clouc . : 3
sacus”’ is enve : t the brave gunners
a . r mist, but S ;
ne y in the burning tae
are writhing 1 Ba as rous missiles
. sides of > foe.
ailed sides of the me
upon the ma pie , divisions stand to their guns
It is a duel for life, and the divis ee ore ye
s da : “ae atro ecit °
rith a gallantry unequalled since the days o OR ERO
eee ound shots crumbles against t
‘th one of our hundred-pound shots e ling
length o redging itself into and sealing
; craft, part of the ball wedging Seah ine
iron craft, ; silencing the rebel guns. Sti
the port, and thus silencing til the steam
angst wasp ing, until the ste:
, ‘ir incessant pounding,
atteries continue their incess is eh 3
batteries cont ilers of the ‘‘ Sassacus,” and its
has exhausted from the boilers o lrifts away from
as exhaus sslv drifts aw:
heels fail to revolve, when it helplessly dri eae Ha
Ww 2 y . . InN Yoa € P¢ 4 1e C ‘ y
it tagonist. When the steam cleared away,
its antagonist.
“Rey Sa ~~ 99
the ‘* Sassacus ET Oe te er Na,
teen had been severely burned and one killed b:
een hac Be )
‘ SC: Nine-
saw the foe making effort to escape. Ni
a ee rT
ing steam, and though the burns were deep ee
yeas iets erings and cheered lustily ove1 the vic J
forgot their sufferings ” he Roanoke River, but
The fleet followed the ironclad to the xscape. It is hard
the latter succeeded in making good its et a ne joined in
to avoid the conviction that had the other ee yossible for
the fray at close quarters, it would have been impossil
the ««Albemarle” to have escaped. nes ici inaied
While these events were ay eG a a a force, esti-
ature of the enemy’s plan was develope é eran
pang fifteen thousand men under sap ee hee eegiem
Khali for the purpose of capturing st i
connection was too evident. This place a ‘er who —
command of Brig. Gen’l I. 7 aa slau waldo
. Sn nts — failec S ‘
whatever ti etn lors serra At. thn! Dibteink wwne
in ange A. Judson, Assistant Adjutant-General
rather on Capt. J. A.
ments of the Twe
Richmond from B
HOKE ATTACKS NEW BERNE.
on his staff, an officer of unquestioned coura
and, as Capt. Denny well says,
half a’ dozen headquarters
able to turn off any
Nine o'clock, May 5th, the enemy were
heavy force upon the south of the Trent
munication with Beaufort, ;
of batteries
ge and ability
of energy enough to run
» and, with his big
amount of solid wor]
£o0o0se-quill,
x 99
& > an y BY
fire from our navy interfe
demonstration Ww
» and opposing our works. The
red little with their labor, but no
as made by them against any part of our
On the morning of the 6th, as the monitor car ran
down to the creek bridge, it was met by a flag of truce with
a formal demand from Gen’] Hoke, for «an unconditional
surrender of New Berne and its forces, or the place would
be stormed at four P.M., and the garrison held re
for the useless loss of life.” We were
marle” was then in the river
exist for aid from
sponsible
assured the ** Albe-
and “no possible hope could
any direction. Negroes were again fore
to the front and Lieut. Hunt’s valiant ** Lette
rallied for defence, for the available
escents did not exceed three tl Everything
indicated that the chemy would assault the southern de-
fences, as our weakest, point, and these were strengthened
by troops from Fort Totten.
At five p.m
ed
tr B Company ”
force outside of c
onval-
1ousand men.
-» there having
sance was made
Union Cavalry
capturing
been no assault, a reconnojs-
by Capt. Graham of the First North Carolina
» Who reported the enemy in full retreat. On
some of their guard at Pollocksville, he
learned that « Gen’l Pickett had received a dispatch
Richmond saying a large force of Yankees had landed
miles below that city
and ordering him to h
utmost dispatch to its relief,”
saved, and though hundreds of
from
a few
asten with the
Thus again was New Berne
niles intervened, the
nty-Seventh Mass, Regt., as it adv
anced on
ermuda Hundreds, was the means of one
a
move-
e
244 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
at saving New Berne and its garrison from the soublascl
ey enemy. It was & prize which might well have tempted
eset ake nc saa a the entire control of North
: é ‘ ‘evert i : hae
mous supplies would have dada ears tie svc the
yresti ; LOA Ss S. 16
ise, of such a victory would have strenethened their
cause in the field and with the nations. The ait Aeideot
our navy and the sudden advance of Heckman’s brigade
withi 310° : » he °
om sight of the rebel capital frustrated their deep-laid
ee
THE ARMY OF THE JAMES.
CHAPTER XIV.
THE ARMY OF THE JAMES.
Our record left. the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Vols. at
Julian’s Creek, Va., where, at eleven, a.M., April 26, 1564,
it received marching orders, with instructions to forward
unnecessary baggage north, and to store their camp equipage
at Portsmouth, Va. At five o’clock in the afternoon the
regiment embarked upon the steamer ‘‘ Escort,” an old-time
friend in North Carolina. We left Portsmouth at five
o'clock the morning of the 97th, and arrived at Yorktown
about noon. Here we received our first issue of shelter-
tents, in preparation for the summer campaign. After
marching and countermarching to deceive the enemy, we
embarked upon the steamer ‘* Winona *” at Yorktown, Va.,
With sealed orders. For the purport of these orders, and
the manner of execution, we refer to the following special
report for this work, from the commander of the Brigade.
Bric.-Gen’, C. A. Heckman’s REPORT ;
OR
Tue ARMY OF THE JAMES.
Its MIsMANAGED MoveMENT ON THE JAMES RiveR, AND How IT ENDED IN
DISASTER.
On the morning of the 26th of April, 1864, the Army of the
James, composed of the Tenth Corps, Gen’l Q. A. Gillmore, and
the Eighteenth Corps, Gen’] W. F. Smith, under command of Gen’l
B. F. Butler, commenced moving to co-operate in the reduction of
>: s ¥ ; ~ ry
Richmond, in accordance with orders from Gen’l Grant. The
fleet sailed up the York River to Yorktown. The Star Brigade,
246
composed of the Ninth New Jersey and Twenty-Third, Twenty-
Fifth and Twenty-Seventh Mass. was.sent up the peninsula near
to Williamsburg, a large number of tr
further up the river.
feint, tl
ansports meanwhile sailing
This movement being designed only as a
ie troops suddenly counter-marched and re-embarked, the
whole fleet returning during the night of May 4th, to Fortress
Monroe. On the morning of the 5th, the fleet sailed up the James
River, the ironclads in advance, and in the evening the Star
Brigade debarked at Bermuda Hundreds and marched inland one
mile, to cover the landing of our army. Next morning took pos-
session of Cobb’s Hill without opposition. It is at the neck of the
narrow strip of land known as Bermuda Hundreds, around which
the river bends, so that our army rested both its wings on it,
though they were many miles apart by water. A line of works
across this neck, with its flanks covered by gunboats in the river,
made it a most d
efensible position, and one also in which an aim-
less force coul
d easily be rendered neutral by an inferior one.
About 1 p.m., under orders from Gen’! Butler to ‘‘ ascertain, if pos-
sible, the numbers and position of the enemy, but be sure to avoid
bringing on a general engagement,” my brigade moved forward to
Port Walthall J unction, on the Petersburg and Richmond Railroad.
We found the enemy well posted behind the railroad embankment.
Our skirmishers drove their pickets back upon their main line, and
the order in which they retired proved them to be regular troops.
To develop their strength, a section of three-inch rifled guns
opened a brisk and most accurate fire upon them, dropping its
shells in the midst of their infantry, en masse. After a couple of
hours manceuvring, the enemy failing to respond with artillery to
our annoying practice, I was assure
small one (two or three regiments), and from information obtained
from deserters that it ws
| as the only body of regular troops in the
neighbo' hood, and returned to Cc
‘* The brigade being (
d the force on our front was a
amp and reported accordingly.
by its orders) restricted in its movements, I
put in practice a manceuvre, on which I felt considerable anxiety ;
viz., how it would be effected in retiring from the enemy under fire.
In double line of battle they marched steadily forward until within
half-musket range, then charged on the double quick to the enemy’s
breastwork, when the recall sounding brought them right about.
GEN. C. A. HECKMAN’S REPORT. 247
They retired about one hundred yards, faced to the front, sent a
volley into the Johnnies, again faced to the rear and steadily
marching out of range, faced to the front, the rebs keeping up a
steady fire, but not venturing from behind their breastwork. The
movement was admirably executed, and drew expressions of
admiration from the members of Gen’l Smith’s staff that were
present.” If an immediate advance on Petersburg by one of our
corps, and simultaneous with that movement an attack on Drewry’s
Bluff by the other corps had been made, we would have carried
both points with comparatively small loss. But the great oppor-
tunity for a decisive strike was thrown away. The landing on the
south side of the James had been a complete surprise; but that
night the ‘* Cockade City ” slept secure, with only one small South
Carolina brigade, the Washington Artillery (unserviceable for
want of horses), the militia (Bates’ battalion of boys, ‘* for local
defence,”) and a regiment of Clingman’s brigade — a ridiculously
inadequate force —to defend it, and Butler’s army of thirty-five
thousand veterans in sight of its church steeples. As it was after-
ward ascertained, Kautz’s Cavalry, who had moved (via Suffolk)
simultaneously with the Army of the James, had been partially
successful in cutting ‘‘the Weldon road,” and the small force
engaged at Port Walthall was all of Beauregard’s troops, coming
hurriedly up from South Carolina, that had been able to pass the
break in the railroad. On the 7th a meaningless movement was
made on Port Walthall, and auseless battle fought. Weitzel, it is
true, destroyed several miles of railroad, but the enemy repaired it
the following day, while our army remained supinely in camp.
Wise, Hoke and Kemper now arrived, and formed line on Swift
Creek. Beauregard arrived, and to him Gen’l Pickett turned over
the command, which he had held fur so many anxious days and
nights. Monday, the 9th, our two corps made their first combined
or even concerted movement, the operations of days before having
been carried on by detached brigades and divisions. A small force
of rebel infantry, with a section of Whitworth guns, was encountered
at Swift Creek, three miles from Petersburg. The Star Brigade
was deployed in two lines of battle on the right and left of the
road. They fired a round over our heads, fell back to the next
hill, and so continued to fire and fall back until we had arrived
tate
ee
Seat te IRE ELT i ca tenn ih SAE me
a eater ee
248 I'WENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
within three hundred yards of Arrowfield Chureh. Here they
appeared in strong force, and assumed a vigorous offensive. I was
about to relieve my front line with the second, but, instead, closed
up, instructing my colonels to fire at a given signal. The Con-
federates came on in splendid style with the peculiar ‘‘ rebel yell”
till within forty yards of our line, when our crushing volley swept
1¢ brow of the hill and across the creek into the arms
1eir comrades who were holding a redoubt which covered the
It was a gallant charge and a bloody repulse. Capt. Leroy
Hammond, mortally wounded, and a prisoner in our hands,
when told that the troops who were opposed to the Con-
federates were the ‘Star Brigade” composed of the Ninth
New Jersey, and Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fifth and Twenty-Seventh
Mass. Regts., remarked ‘that it was a striking coincidence that
two regiments of the attacking force, the Twenty-Fifth and
ry ‘ ~ . ; ;
I'wenty-Seventh South Carolina, should have met two regiments
of the same numbers
chusetts.”’
them over t]
of tl
ford.
from her most inveterate enemy — Massa-
‘The attack would not have been made,” he said,
‘‘but for the idea that our troops were ninety days’ emergency
men, and certainly the timorous movements of our army since the
landing gave some reason for such an opinion.” On no other
hypothesis could the enemy account for our failure to advance.
For the next four or five
hither and thithe
seaureg
days, while our enemy was marching
r in the open county, the time was improved by
ard in hurrying up troops and getting them well in hand.
a ee °ONxXET Ptr CG > a a ‘ ,
From Drewry’s Bluff he suggested to Gen’l Bragg ‘ that Gen’! Lee
should fall back to the defensive line of the Chickahominy, or even
to the immediate lines of Richmond, sending temporarily to this
place fifteen thousand of his troops. Immediately on this acces-
sion to my present force J would take the offensive and attack
Butler’s army vigorously. Such
rectly upon Butler’s communications, and, as he now stands, on
his right flank, well towards the rear. Gen’l Whiting should also
move simultaneously. Butler must then necessarily be crushed or
captured, and the stores of that army would fall into our hands.”
This was written on the 14th. Let us now see how well the plan
was carried out. Our army at this time was facing north, and
Operating more immediately against Fort Darling,
& move would throw me di-
having, on the
GEN. C. A. HECKMAN’S REPORT. 49
very day that Beauregard’s dispatch is dated, driven the enemy
within his works. The enemy held a strong line of works, extend-
ing from Fort Darling on our right to the Appomattox on our left,
and threatening us, instead of our threatening them — we being in
an essentially false position. The Star Brigade held the extreme
right of our line, ‘‘ at the base of Drewry’s Bluff and within half
musket range of their outer earthwork,” with an unoeoupied space
of one and a quarter miles between it andtheriver. This was the
most important part of our line, as it covered the shortest route
to our base and supplies on the James. On the morning of the
15th there was a scattered musketry fire, with an oc asional volley.
In the afternoon it was perfectly calm. The unusual quietness ol
an enterprising enemy was suspicious, and having learned that he
had been reinforced by Anderson’s corps of Lee’s army, it became
apparent that Beauregard meant to attack us while our shi
position offered such an excellent opportunity for an effective
stroke. With our glasses we saw President Davis, Beauregard
and other general officers, reconnoitring our position, and from
deserters we learned that a plan of attack was being made, the
troops selected for the assault even being named. This state va
affairs I in person reported at division and army headquarters,
with a request for reinforcements to occupy the all-important specs
between my right and the river. ‘‘ After reporting to Gen!
Weitzel, at his request I started, Capt. Belger accompanying
me,” for Gen’l Smith’s quarters, but being wrongly directed I rode
into Gen’l Butler’s, and, before I was able to beat a retreat, Maj.
Kensel appeared at the door and said that Gen’! Butler wished to
see me. With my verbal report, I gave to the General a rough
diagram of the position of both forces in my end of the line. ¢
seemed to be impressed with the importance of my request, and
expected the needed reinforcements. Just at this moment Gen'l
Smith came in, and Gen’l Butler gave him the substance of my
report. I was impressed with the thought that my irregular trans-
mission of information had more effect upon him than the auiorveh
tion itself. He, however, visited my line, and seemed to realize
that there was solid ground for my apprehension. Later in the
afternoon two sections of Columbiads and one section of twenty-
inch rifled guns, under command of Capt. Belger, were sent to
sgn avin onsen embcmgprastaanedbe
Rater
ee ees
SRL
250 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
cover the gap, and subsequently withdrawn, for safety. . ‘* They
ws) a ve "Dy ~~ ‘ > ~~ »
were captured the next day.” Afterward a squadron of the
ry ho > ) ‘ oi ice i .
Eleventh Penn. ( avalry were sent to guard the space on my right
that should have been occupied by a brigade of infantry with
illarw 2 it ‘ iis ‘
artillery, Being thus denied the reinforcements so sorely needed,
and unable to Procure wire for the protection of my front, ‘* but
with which the whole line
rations were at once
would be made bef
to my left was amply supplied,” prepa-
made to meet the attack we were assured
ore the rising of another sun. A breastwork of
such material as could be o.
GEN. HECKMAN’S REPORT CONCLUDED.
fire, and again for a moment faltered. But soon they once more
advanced ba column by brigade, and the Star Brigade, being with-
out artillery and withal vastly outnumbered, was, for the first Press
in its history, compelled to fall back and take up A ney Peers
While this movement was being executed, — the Ninth already se
position, — my staff being engaged in other parts of the field, I
passed along to the left of the Ninth to a point I supposed e ¥ ian
pied by the Twenty-Third, but found instead an approaching line of
battle. Taking it to be reinforcements, I ordered them to wheel
to the right and charge, and at the next moment discovered that
gathered was quietly and hastily thrown
up, so that the Position, so essential to the safety of our army,
Should be defended to the last. On my right and well thrown
forward was posted a strong picket line, the men grouped in fours
ron gopher holes, with the right resting on a farm-house, fully one
mile on our right front, under command of Capt. Lawrence of
the Ninth New Jersey, who was instructed to give a vigorous
resistance to any force coming against him. At midnight the rebs
moved out from their works, massing strongly on our extreme
right, and Just before daylight, having obtained position,
rushed with cre
they were * craybacks,” and at nine a. mM. of the 16th, | was a
guest at the Hotel de Libby. I never at any other time ex-
perienced such musketry fire as on that day. It was one incessant
volley, and its terrible fatality may be judged from the fact that
the enemy acknowledged a loss of four thousand five hundred on
my front al ne; and I lost nearly all my field and line ofioers,
either killed or wounded. Many others joined me at Drewry’s Bluff
and accompanied me up the river to Richmond. The a ..
the campaign which culminated in this battle was a source : ti
at impetuosity on our pickets, but after a desperate congratulation to the enemy. Not only was the aie
struggle were forced back by the gallant Capt. Lawrence, and day danger to Petersburg and Richmond averted, but the pressure be
nrg sy i oP Vigilance and gallantry of the Star Brigade) their lines of communication was relieved ; and Butler, besides - -
with our lines stil] unbroken. Shortly after dawn a dense fog sud- fering a terrible loss, was shut up and held inactive by a compara.
se gs Te ombletely concealing the weird from wer tively small force. Had Gen’l Whiting moved out of Petersburg
Od tas picked brigades in column debouched from the with his ten thousand men as directed, the Army of the James eae
ere ORY Baath rapidly advancing, drove in our pickets, not have escaped destruction. The ultimate results : The spoiling 0
pressing up on a run to our main line. "Hearing their approach, Grant’s plan of campaign, the transfer of the Army of the I si
my brigade swept instantly into line, and steadily awaited their to the south of Richmond; the siege of Petersburg the blooc y
oon wpa Panag intervened between the rebel struggle for the Weldon road, all these, with taelr enormous
mae losses of life and property, are the sadder to think of when it is
ahackuanot toda remembered that it was all caused by the incompetent handling of
sree — ngs the Army of the James, composed of two veteran corps, the equal
PEER Bi of any in the United States armies. Gen’ Grant laid the onus of
the failure on Geu’l Butler in a caustic paragraph of his official re-
“A peep ana si vta asso musketry, Finding it impossible to ports; the press and the histories of the war blame him, with
ai anne Peed changed front, and attempted the severest language, and even now the nation at large call him
, crush my right, held by the Ninth New Jersey, but here, too, ‘** bottled-up Butler.”
the right wing havi am Haden Sep
git wing having been reserved, they were met by a galling
inflexible line g simultaneous scorching volley
ant foe, smiting hundreds to the
column back in confusion. Five times,
allied by their Officers, that magnificent rebel in-
fantry advanced to the attack, but only to meet and be driven back
~
ne a a EE ian i cannes ine iti RDI
It would hardly be satisfactory to the Twenty-Seventh or
~~
BRE REI Ra ABCA oh cea aa
252 T'WENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
its friends to neglect to mention their part in these impor-
tant movements narrated by Gen’l Heckman, even at the
risk of repetition. After reaching Bermuda Hundreds, land-
ing was effected without opposition, the Twenty-Seventh
advancing a mile, and bivouacking in a wheat-field. At six
A.M., Friday, May 6th, the regiment started for Cobb’s Hill,
Seven miles distant. The morning was cloudless, and the
winding, sandy road was soon strewn with blankets, coats
and shoes, which the heat and toil of the way made unendur-
able. No enemy was discovered, and by noon we halted at
Cobb’s Hill, near a deserted signal-tower. Our forces at
once commenced the construction of a line of fortifications
from ‘* Point of Rocks” to « Dutch Gap Bend,” four miles
distant, leaving a large, irregular peninsula in our rear, cap-
able of easy defence, and every way suitable as a basis for
intended operations. The Army of the James consisted of
the
Eighteenth Army Corps, Maj. Gen’l W. F. (Baldy) Smith com-
manding.
First Division, Maj. Gen’ Brooks.
Second Division, Maj. Gen’l Godfrey Weitzel.
r . i : i ‘ :
Third Division. Brig. Gen’] Edward W. Hincks.
The Tenth Army Corps, Maj. Gen’l Q. A. Gillmore com-
manding, with three divisions under command of Gen’ls
Ames, Terry, and Turner. The whole force numbered
about thirty-four thousand men, under command of Maj.
Gen'l B. F. Butler. The Twenty-Seventh was of the Sec-
ond Division, “ighteenth Corps, and, as previously stated,
under command of Brig. Gen’l C. A. Heckman.
At four p.m., Gen’l Heckman, under orders to develop the
enemy’s force and position, advanced his brigade, with Com-
panies A and H of the T'wenty-Seventh as skirmishers, sup-
ported by the regiment in close column. Passing through
light timber-land, and oyer a ravine beyond an old mill,
BL a See a See saree rams tr 6-50 sano
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FOR THE
HISTORY
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TWENTY-SEVENTH MASS. REGT.
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BATTLE OF WALTHALL JUNCTION. 253
they encountered and followed the enemy’s pickets, emerg-
ing into an open field known as the ‘‘ Mary Dunn Farm,”
in full view of the junction of the Richmond and Peters-
burg, and Port Walthall branch railroads. ‘The skirmish
line advanced so rapidly the column had difficulty in
keeping supporting distance, the Ninth New Jersey jo-
cosely remarking, ‘‘ The Twenty-Seventh skirmishers must
be trying to connect with the ‘* Richmond Express.”
As the main column emerged from the woods, a train
of cars arrived loaded with rebel troops, who, dismount-
ing, advanced a line of skirmishers towards our posi-
tion. The main body of the enemy attempted to show
their coolness by going through the manual of arms upon
the field. Seeing this, Capt. Sandford with Company H,
pressed forward at double-quick, followed by Capt. Dwight
with Company A as a ‘‘ reserve for skirmishers.” Slowly
and regularly the opposing skirmishers gave way to Capt.
Sandford’s impetuous advance, showing by their regular
movements we were contending with veterans. After cross-
ing a ravine, our skirmishers encountered a severe fire, the
enemy using the banks and fences skirting the railroad as
parapets. Capt. Dwight with Company A advanced to their
relief, and by courage and coolness enabled the skirmishers
to retire to the ravine without material loss.
The Twenty-Seventh advanced in line of battle across the
field to the ravine in support of the skirmishers, where the
regiment opened fire. The remainder of the brigade
formed en echelon, the Twenty-Fifth Mass. supporting the
Twenth-Seventh Regiment, with the Ninth New Jersey and
Twenty-Third Mass. to the right and left. Howard's Fourth
U. S. Battery opened with shell upon the enemy, but
were replied to with musketry only, one ball taking off a
part of Gen’l Heckman’s little finger, and killing his horse.
An ‘‘Aid” dismounted, offering the general his horse, with
which he returned to his position, amid the cheers of his
aed
ne .
ar mgt Scien cance stn ne aan ne near Mp
ASST IBS RSs NE PREECE SO
254 T'WENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
brigade. For an hour: sheet of fire crowned the summit of
the railroad and fence, sweeping our position, while the fire
of the Twe nty-Seventh covered the field with a dense cloud.
The brigade moved forward, the Ninth New Jersey and
Twenty-Third Mass. opening fire near the foot of che hill,
while the gallant old Iwenty-Fifth stood in reserve, receiv-
ing unanswered the galling fire. The sun had long been
below the horizon, when Gen'l Heckman, satisfied that the
Cnemy was present in small force and that without artil-
lery, ordered the recall.
It was a keen disappointment to his veteran troops, and
to retreat in order under such a fire, tested, as no other
movement could, the courage and discipline of the brigade.
Being farthest to the front, the Twenty-Seventh was now the
rear guard, and facing. to the rear, loaded as they retired
with measured steps; then faced to the front and fired, re-
peating the movement until beyond range ofthe enemy. This
was witnessed by members of Gen’l Smith’s staff, and drew
from them and the commanding general expressions of un-
qualified praise. The astonished enemy made no attempt to
follow. Our force reached Cobb’s Hill about ten o'clock
P.M. The Union loss was eight killed and sixty wounded,
and that of the Confeder: ates, as reported by the rebel gen-
eral, Hagood, two killed and thirty-one wounded. Gen’l
Hagood also says this force
and Twenty-Fifth South Carolina Regiments under command
‘
of Col. Graham of the Twenty-First.
It is w orthy of record th:
ized in Confederate record
consisted of the Twenty-First
at this engagement is immortal-
as a victory, Jefferson Davis, in
bas Ahan
his ** Rise and Fall of the Confederacy,” saying, ‘* We com-
pelled them to withdraw to the
while some Confederate poet h
‘¢ Victory of Walthall.”
shelter of their gunboats,”
7
as enshrined in verse the
LOSSES : MARY DUNN FARM.
The loss of the Twenty-Seventh was : —
GEORGE StEvENS, Company A, Williamsburg, killed.
Sergt. ALrrep L. Mantor, Company B, Hawley, killed.
WOUNDED.
Maj. William A. Walker, right foot, slight.
Lafayette Smith, Company A, Enfield, right shoulder, fatal.
George A. Hill, Company A, Easthampton, leg, slight.
Corp. William B. Bliss, Company B, New Salem, right leg.
Alonzo J. Thomas, Company B, Shutesbury, left side.
George A. Draper, Company D, Amherst, abdomen, fatal.
Peter McGowan, Company D, Springfield, left thigh, slight.
Henry McCoomb, Company E, Pittsfield, both thigh and groin,
severe.
Charles L. Nye, Company E, Lee, right shoulder.
A. Gilmore, Company F, Otis, right leg, severe.
Henry J. Pulsifer, Company G, Chicopee, right thigh, severe.
Leverett Clark, Company H, Newburyport, right arm, flesh.
John O. Erwin, Company H, Adams, groin, severe.
George McGue, Company H, Adams, left arm.
Corp. Newton Wallace, Company I, Holland, face, flesh wound.
Dorr R. Bruce, Company K, Longmeadow, abdomen, fatal.
Total: Two killed and sixteen wounded,
Comrade Stevens of Company A was on temporary ser-
vice with the ordnance officer, and, in a moment of leisure,
was permitted to take the officer’s horse, to visit the front.
He unfortunately ran into an ambush, and the horse returned
a few moments later without a rider. His body was not re-
covered.
May 7th an advance was made by our forces to destroy
the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad. Burnham’s Brigade
of Brooks’s Division, occupied the centre, with Heckman’s
Brigade supporting its left by way of Walthall Junction, and
two brigades of the Tenth Corps supporting its right flank
by the Chesterfield turnpike. The Twenty-Seventh again
_—
.
256 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
took the advance by the route of the night previous, reach-
ing the Dunn farm about nine a.m. without opposition. The
enemy were present with increased force, Hunton’s, Barton’s,
and Gracie’s rebel brigades, with artillery and cavalry, re-
sisting our advance. Our artillery was placed in front of
the *< Mary Dunn house,” while the brigade rested in double
column half distance at its rear.~ An artillery duel was
maintained the entire day, with a loss to our brigade of nine
Lo
wounded, of which five were from the Twenty-Seventh
Mass. The following was our list of wounded : —
Capt. Charles D. Sandford, North Adams; thigh; slight.
John Richards, Company C, Hatfield; face and chest; slight.
Charles Walker, Company C, Easthampton; finger; slight.
Malachi Horner, Company F, Southwick ; back ; slight.
Elijah W. Knight, Company H, Springfield; back; slight.
The heat of the sun was intense, and, with the suffocating,
sulphurous clouds, taxed our endurance to the utmost, fifty
of our regiment suffering from sunstroke. At our right,
Gen’l Brooks was heavily engaged, and succeeded in reach-
ing and destroying a mile of the Richmond and Petersburg
Railroad during the day, after which the column retired
once more to camp at Cobb’s Hill.
It is hard to say why these repeated warnings were given
the enemy, or why opportunity was afforded them for con-
centration and defence. A surprise could not have been
more perfect, or promised more glorious results. The
available forces of Richmond had been hastened to oppose
the ‘* Army of the Potomac ” — which had crossed the Rap-
idan, May 4th; Gen’l Beauregard had delayed departure
- | ee : . bd °
from Charleston, S. C., not knowing the destination of
the Tenth Corps, while all of Gen’l Pickett’s available
force was two hundred miles distant, before the fortifications
of New Berne, when the Army of the James first landed
at Bermuda Hundreds. Not a man could be spared from
LE RE IE EE PE
GEN. GRANT’S INSTRUCTIONS.
the conflict with Gen’l Grant ; Gen’l Pickett’s forces, leaving
New Berne at noon, the 6th, could not have reached Peters-
burg before the night of the 8th, had sufficient transporta-
tion been at their command; and Gen’l Beauregard, with
his distance and the devastating work of Gen’l Kautz, at
Stony Creek, must have been considerable later. The
movements of the 6th and 7th gave satisfactory evidence of
the great weakness of the enemy still the Army of the
James, with its thirty-four thousand men and able command-
ers, were ordered, for ten days, to dally with insignificant
forces, till, gathering strength from distant fields, the enemy
availed themselves of the delay, and ‘‘ bottled up” our entire
force within the prisons of Richmond, or the narrow confines
of Bermuda Hundreds: :
We append so much of Gen’! Grant’s instructions as bear
upon the movements of the Army of the James, for the
information of our readers.
FortTREsS Monroe, VA., April 2, 1864.
GENERAL: —. . . You will collect all the forces from your
command that can be spared from garrison duty—I should say
not less than twenty thousand effective men —to operate on the
south side of the James River, Richmond being your objective
point. ‘fo the force you already have, will be added ten thousand
men from South Carolina, under Maj. Gen’! Gillmore, who will com-
mand them in person. Maj. Gen’l W. F. Smith is ordered to
report to you, to command the troops sent into the field from your
own department.
Gen’! Gillmore will be ordered to report to you at Fortress Mon-
roe, with all the troops on transports, by the 18th instant, or as
soon thereafter as practicable. Should you not receive notice by
that time to move, you will make such disposition of them and
your other forces, as you may deem best calculated to deceive the
enemy as to the real move to be made.
When you are notified to move, take City Point with as much
force as possible. Fortify, or, rather, intrench, at once, and con-
centrate all your troops for the field as rapidly as you can. From
AR
ean ena
i arene eine — —
OEIC at TEE ATE OE CRIT cramer Ae ttm antes
a
rr thine anneS CNRSTOSOI
258 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. BATTLE OF ARROWFIELD CHURCH. 259
City Point directions cannot be given, at this time, for your further pike before us crossed the railroad and ran due south through
movercite. a wooded, undulating country, and crossed Bakehouse, Swift
The fact that has already been stated — that is, that Richmond and Oldtown Creeks, before reaching Petersburg, six miles
is to be your objective point, and that there is to be co-operation distant.
between your force and the ‘‘ Army of the Potomac” — must be
your guide. This indicates the necessity of your holding close to
the south bank of the James River as you advance. ‘Then should
the enemy be forced into his intrenchments, in Richmond, the
Army of the Potomac would follow, and, by means of transports, re
t] ‘ , lat + umn by companies, till within a short distance of Arrowfield
1€ two armies would become a unit.
All the minor details of your advance are left entirely to your Church, when the stubborn resistance to our skirmishers
Siete s i bias 3 3 necessitated the deploying of Company B for their assist-
U.S. Grant, Lieut. Gen’. ance. Col, Lee now formed the Twenty-Seventh upon the
right of the road, with orders to advance as rapidly as pos-
sible, in doing which, the enemy were developed in consid-
erable force near Arrowfield Church, and a hard fight at
once began. Gen. Heckman ordered the Twenty-Fifth Mass.
to the left of the road, supported by the Twenty-Third Mass.
and the Ninth New Jersey, to the support of the Twenty-
Seventh Regiment, when we again attempted to advance,
but were met with a galling fire of canister and musketry.
Howard’s U. S. Battery was brought into position upon the
turnpike and a second line of battle formed in our rear.
An earthwork of the enemy across Swift Creek soon placed
Howard’s Battery hors de combat, and, as it rushed to the
rear, caused the second line to waver, supposing Heckman’s
Brigade had been defeated. Volley upon volley came in
quick succession from the front, and cheer upon cheer
Beauregard had now taken command of the rebel forces, through the thickets of brush, as the contest waged nearer,
consisting of six brigades from North Carolina, four brigades each assuring them that Heckman’s Brigade was invincible
from Charleston, S. C., and the garrisons and reserves of the still.
After a short rest our skirmishers moved down this turn-
pike, cutting their way through tangled underwood, behind
which the enemy, with skirmishers and artillery, contested
our advance. The Twenty-Seventh moved forward in col-
Maj. Gen’! B. F. Butier.
* Sunday, May 8th, the regiment rested in camp, funeral
services being held for our slain, by Chaplain Woodworth.
On the 9th a general movement was made, the Twenty-
Seventh again in advance, with Companies E and I as
skirmishers. On reaching the battle-field, Surgeon Fish
discovered a member of the Forty-Eighth New York Regi-
ment who had been wounded severely, the 7th inst., and
who, being left by his comrades, had succeeded in hiding
himself in the underbrush. Here he had remained two
days without food or water, unable to move, surrounded by
the enemy and by forest fires which had burned close to his
hiding place. When once more in the hands of friends, the
poor fellow’s joy knew no bounds. It was a keen pleasure
to relieve his wants and attend him to the ambulance.
aren pematrera rs es coset = ” - _ —
nT Na OOM ma nn -
ee eet
: t+
Richmond and Petersburg fortifications. The demands on
Gen’l Beauregard required the division of his force for the
protection of Richmond, on the north, and Petersburg, on
the south ; our position cutting his communication, and afford-
ing opportunity of defeating each army in detail. The turn-
We were face to face with Beauregard’s veteran troops,
with the inspiration of his presence, and the advantage of
position, and (as we afterward found) with a liberal sup-
ply of liquor to incite them to combat. Strange that the
‘enemy were so long in learning that men steeped in liquor
ETRE TSS AREAL SE RE EL SL IE OS TENTACLE NCR CEN IE
260 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
could not cope with courage inspired by a cool head and
well-balanced mind. New Berne gave evidence of the same
inordinate use of liquor previous to and during the engage-
ment. It is stated on good authority that the enemy often
mixed gunpowder with the liquor to increase the intoxica-
tion to frenzied madness.
For an hour the tide of battle swept the field, our force
slowly closing upon the enemy’s position. Our line stood
somewhat like a V across the turnpike, the right of the
Twenty-Seventh well advanced in a scattering growth of
pine, while the left of the Twenty-Fifth was also advanced
and mostly concealed in a thicket of bushes. Suddenly ¢
rebel yell” rose above the din of conflict, and from the east
of the road, four columns deep, came Hagood’s South Caro-
lina Brigade, at double quick, charging directly upon us.
It was a grand spectacle, that line of gray-clad_ soldiers in
solid column charging against our merciless fire. Yelling
like demons, onward they came with a courage worthy a
nobler cause, and deserving a better fate. If Massachusetts
has reason to cherish the memory of her victorious sons
upon that field, no less has South Carolina to revere the
self-sacrifice and daring of her defeated troops.
These moments, fraught with momentous consequences,
found the Star Brigade firm and reliant. ‘* Steady, men!
steady! Cease firing until ordered!” rang along our line ;
and as a grim and silent wall of adamant we awaited the
shock. At twenty yards the order, ‘‘ Fire!” was given,
and a zigzag flame swept along the line upon the foe, and
with the second volley, the charging column melted into a
disorganized mass in precipitate retreat. The Ninth New
Jersey in our rear cheered lustily over the enemy’s defeat,
and. started to charge; which Lieut. Col. Bartholomew’s
willing spirit construed into a general order, and, with the
left wing of the Twenty-Seventh Regiment, charged upon
the enemy, driving them from the field. The entire force:
MUDSILLS VERSUS CHIVALRY. 261
now advanced, and as Gen’l Heckman came up to Col.
Bartholomew he good-naturedly exclaimed, ‘* Colonel, what
are you doing here?” During the battle, the firing of the
Twenty-Seventh had been so rapid that Gen’! Heckman ex-
pressed a fear we were wasting ammunition, and Col. Bar-
tholomew now replied, ‘* General, what do you think now
about the Twenty-Seventh wasting ammunition?” Gen’l
Heckman replied — patting the colonel and a private on the
shoulder — ‘‘ You’ve done well! You’ve done well!”
The whole field was strewn with the dead and dying, forty-
nine dead lying on a space sixty by one hundred and fifty
feet, while one company of the Twenty-Seventh South Caro-
lina Regiment left forty-two of its number upon the field.
Hagood’s Brigade consisted of the Seventh, Eleventh, Twenty-
First, Twenty-Fifth and Twenty-Seventh South Carolina regi-
ments, and the last two were pitted against the same
numbers from Massachusetts, in which the former were in-
gloriously defeated. Mudsills versus chivalry! Hunt’s
Battery D, Fourth U. S. Artillery, was brought into posi-
tion, covering a redoubt across Swift Creek, from which the
enemy were shelling the ambulances under Surgeon Fish.
The duel lasted till sundown, when the enemy’s battery was
silenced, and our forces were left in victorious possession of
the field. The sad work of ministering to the wounded and
dead was continued far into the night, Arrowfield Church
being used as a hospital. Capt. Leroy Hammond of the
TI'wenty-Seventh South Carolina Regiment lay mortally
wounded upon the field. Finding with whom he had con-
tended, he exclaimed, ‘* That’s strange! South Carolina has
met and been defeated by her most hated foe;” adding,
‘* We were assured there was nothing but raw recruits from
Massachusetts in front; had we known you were veteran
troops, we should not have charged; it was like retribu-
tion.”
We shall not soon forget the surprise with which the
ra
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262 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
enemy received the comforts our scanty supplies afforded,
even the cup of cold water to assuage the thirst of ebbing
life. As Col. Lee stooped over a dying man, and bestowed
such attention as was possible, the man, with an effort, said,
‘* Our — officers —wouldn’t — do —that ; Colonels—don’t—
care —for their—men.” The night was cold and chill, the
church and grounds resounding with the groans of the
wounded and dying, while the sturdy men of Heckman’s
Brigade were busy gathering and relieving a foe, who but
two days previous, on another field, had neglected our com-
rades and permitted their bodies to be mutilated by hogs.
rn z é a ‘
Ihe loss of the Twenty-Seventh in this engagement was :
KILLED.
Company B.—Corp. Narsanret B. Twitrcnet, Athol, shot
through the head; Cuartes W. WHEELER, Jr., Greenfield, shot in
the breast; Netson G. Woop, Athol, shot in both lungs and
abdomen.
‘ Company G.— Corp. Ricuarp Curry, Fall River, shot in the
reast.
Company H.—Lxv1 Hoxipen, Haverhill.
‘W OUNDED.
Company A. — Frederick Klisner, Hatfield, back, slight; John
M. North, Northampton, head, fatal.
Company B.—Sergt. Daniel W. Larned, Athol, foot, slight ;
Corp. Horatio W. McClellan, Athol, thigh, fatal; Joseph Briggs,
Leverett, arm, flesh wound; George Britton, Erving, lost finger ;
Alvin King, Orange, hand.
Company C.—Corp. John Shoals, Amherst, groin; Aaron A.
Terry, Orange, fatal.
Company D.—Sergi. Franklin Elwell, Hadley, right thigh,
severe ; Corp. George A. Griffin, Pelham, shoulder, flesh wound ;
Eugene P. Hervey, Amherst, face ; William J. Hopkins, Amherst,
a bullet in right eye, destroying the eye; Maxon G. Healey,
Braintree.
Company E.— John G. Bickley, Lee, face and foot; Egbert
Garfield, Monterey, abdomen.
RETIRE TO COBB’S HILL. 263
Company F.— Lieut. Pliny Wood, Westfield, left thigh, fatal ;
Bennett Aldrich, Southwick, leg, flesh wound ; Lester D. Hanchett,
Westfield, thigh; Edwin D. Jones, Blandford, foot; Edwin
Stevens, Southwick, thigh fractured.
Company G.— John W. Whitcomb, Blandford.
Company H.— Willard A. Thompson, Bernardston, Vt., groin.
Company I.—Seth Brown, Palmer, leg, slight; Solomon
Rhodes, Belchertown, arm, slight.
Company K.—Sergt. John Lambert, Springfield, shoulder,
slight; Corp. Charles Geckler, Springfield, chest, flesh wound ;
Maurice Bishop, Plainfield, knee and abdomen, fatal; Hervey H.
Converse, Stockbridge, leg, flesh wound ; James Dimpsey, Ware,
left leg, flesh wound; William W. Loomis, Chester, shoulder ;
Jonathan D. Miller, Springfield, right lung, fatal.
Total loss five killed and thirty-two wounded.
At the close of the engagement Gen’l Heckman retired
for instructions, leaving the brigade under command of Col.
H. C. Lee. The night passed quietly along our front, but
with a sharp engagement some distance to the right. At
ten v’clock the 10th, orders were received to retire and we
reached Cobb’s Hill late in the afternoon without incident.
A body of the enemy massed on the extreme left of the
Tenth Corps, as they retired, resulting in a sharp engage-
ment, lasting several hours. At the close of this engage-
ment, Gen’l Bushrod Johnson appeared with a ‘flag of
truce,” asking for permission ‘* to bury their dead ;” for an
exchange of wounded’; and for a general exchange of prison-
ers. To this Gen’l Butler replied: ‘* We have buried your
dead, and we willingly assent tu an exchange of the wounded,
but we cannot agree to exchange others, until you consent
to acknowledge colored soldiers as prisoners of war.” To
this the rebel emissary would not submit. Insolence and bar-
barity had been heaped upon the unfortunate black captured
in Union uniform or with arms. Many had been reduced to
slavery, or with ‘ball and chain” forced to work on the
ETE > Ep ONE PS AR ae PIS enc ett RAST :
s “ss praca EEE
STL
el a ne
ie
-
264 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
enemy's fortifications, and punished with instant death if
they refused. * In a time of grave emergency, their furtunes
and resources had been freely offered the United States
government as active allies against or within the rebel lines,
and anything short of this decision would have been the
basest ingratitude. Hard as it bore upon white prisoners in
rebel hands, and terrible as its consequences were to our
own regiment, there was no other honorable course open to
a humane government in behalf of those who wore its uni-
form.
Of those who fell at Arrowsfield Church there was one
who deserved a passing notice.
Ligut. Purny Woop.
Uncle Pliny, as he was best known, enlisted from West-
field as first sergeant of Company F. He was promoted to
second lieutenant Jan. 2, 1862, and first lieutenant May
2, 1863. Upon the organization of the Tenth Mass. Regt.
he was chosen as first lieutenant by the Westfield company,
and went with them to ‘amp. Governor Andrew, however,
commissioned another, much to the disgust of the company,
many of whom refused to muster for service. The town of
Westfield justified her volunteers in this protest, and held an
indignation meeting over the failure to commission Lieu-
tenant Wood.
He was a man of courage, tact and good humor, and
seemed best satisfied when engaged in active service. He
was wounded severely at Roanoke Island, but returned to
service, running the enemy’s batteries that he might join
his regiment then under siege at Washington, N.C. With
twenty men he captured an equal number of rebel cavalry,
with their horses, arms and equipment, above Plymouth,
N. C., and measured strength with one of the enemy at Gun
Swamp, bringing his foe from his hiding place a captive.
At the time he received his fatal wound, he was with his
LIEUT. PLINY WOOD. 265
men in the thickest of the fray, and, as he fell, said calmly
to Capt. Moore, ‘* They’ve got me, Captain!” The ball
pierced his left thigh, requiring a socket amputation, which
proved fatal May 31st. ‘* Uncle Pliny’s” commission was
no bar to intimacy and sympathy with his command, for he
often stood between the shortcomings of his men and their
just deserts. Many of their pranks were sworn secrets with
him, and were in safe-keeping so long as the record of the
guilty ones was otherwise unexceptionable. He holds a
warm place in the memory of all his comrades.
May 11th the regiment remained in camp at Cobb’s Hill
and Gen’l Heckman improved the opportunity to issue the
following congratulatory order : —
HEADQUARTERS Ist BRIGADE 2p Division 18tH Army Corps.
IN THE FIELD, May 11, 1864.
GENERAL OrpDER, No. 24.
The General commanding takes great pleasure in returning to
the gallant officers and men of his command his thanks for the
noble manner in which they have discharged their duties since the
Opening of the present campaign. The enviable reputation which
they had attained has been sustained in a noble and creditable
manner; and the commanding general would not only do great
injustice to his feelings, but to the officers and men of his com-
mand, did he fail to notice it. The fatigue and privation suffered
without a murmur are but characteristic of the brigade; and the
punishment inflicted upon the rebels is one of the many lessons that
will ever cause them to remember and fear the Star Brigade.
By command of
Brig. GeEen’L C. A. HECKMAN.
W. H. ABELs, A. A. G.
During the day Ezra Baker of Company D, Amherst,
received a severe wound in the knee from the accidental dis-
charge of a musket.
At sunrise the 12th, the entire army was placed in motion,
this time on the direct line to Richmond. An hour after, the
266 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. DESCRIPTION OF DREWRY’S BLUFF. 267
rain began to fall in torrents, continuing almost unremittingly to peer from its hiding place. A shout as of a charge or
till the night of the 15th. The Twenty-Seventh Regiment order to advance is given, and the Johnnies’ heads come up
advanced in line of battle, reaching the Richmond turnpike to see the expected advance, when a scattering fire lays
about nine o’clock, when the enemy opened upon our advance many of them low. So effectual was the work of our sharp-
for half an hour. After halting until one o’clock, P.M., we shooters that the enemy at Fort Stevens found great diffi-
marched some distance to the right, and, advancing a mile, | culty in using their guns. Hats and coats were raised and
skirmished sharply with the enemy until night, when they mules driven upon the parapets to draw our fire, when the
disappeared. Drenched to the skin, we bivouacked in the gunners would attempt to load their pieces, but, like the
woods with such shelter from the rain as could be devised, donkey, would generally perish in the venture.
our position commanding a view of the surrounding country. Drewry’s Bluff rises abruptly some two hundred feet from
Before us was a marshy, densely-timbered region, through the James River, which here runs due east, but changes
which flowed Proctor’s and Kingsland’s Creeks, and, high sharply to the south at Chapin’s Bluff, two miles below. On
above the forests, was the rebel flag at Drewry’s Bluff, three the land side it slopes gradually to the south with a broken,
miles distant. undulating surface; the forest before it had been felled,
At two p.M., the 13th, the regiment moved to the left and forming an almost insurmountable abattis against approach,
advanced into the dripping forests, in a direct line for Drew- but allowing unobstructed range for defence. On the east-
ry’s Bluff. Our skirmishers sharply engaged the enemy, ern extremity of the bluff was Fort Darling, a formidable
closely supported by the regiment in line of battle, through earthwork, commanding the river and eastern approach, and
an undulating country, interspersed with fine plantations, supplied with the most approved munitions of war. Contig-
swales, and thickets, until late in the evening, when in a uous to this, and along the crest of the bluff, were two other
bewildering darkness, Companies C and F, under Capt. strong works, cuarded by a deep dry ditch, which was
Moore, were advanced as pickets. Early the 14th these swept by converging guns. Between our position and Fort
companies, as sharpshooters, with sixty rounds of ammuni- Darling, three lines of rifle-pits and redoubts skirted the
tion, advanced, driving the enemy through the woods into . bluff; and northerly from the fort, along the river, the woods
a field covered with abattis, to within three hundred yards remained standing, affording protection and secrecy for
of Fort Stevens, where, with such defences as the abattis movements by the enemy. The whole formed a Gibraltar,
afforded, they commenced the work of the next two days. against which the ponderous guns of our navy had vainly
The regiment moved to their support under a sharp artillery contended and which was destined to withstand any attack of
fire, taking position under cover of a low terrace or eleva- the army.
tion, near the edge of the timber. As often as the sharp- 7 Gen’l Butler established his headquarters at Charles
shooters exhausted their ammunition, they were relieved, Friend’s house, some distance to the rear, but convenient of
bringing their wounded with them. The 14th and 15th access to the army. After three days of skirmishing and
were days of intense excitement and of ingenious devices to sharpshooting, measured in part by the expending of eighty
decoy the enemy’s sharpshooters, who, like ourselves, were thousand cartridges by the Twenty-Seventh, and a loss to us
lying behind logs or stumps, watching for some luckless head of twenty-seven wounded, orders came, Sunday afternoon,
a li i
268 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. COMPANY D ON PICKET.
the 15th, relieving and ordering us to the extreme right of defences. At the mght of the Twenty-Third Regiment,
of the Army of the James, ostensibly for rest. Exposure
and constant service at the head of the column, had told
severely on the effective strength of the regiment and bri-
gade. It was therefore with no surprise we received this
and some five hundred yards in advance, and to the north of
the road, was the **R, A. Willis House,” which Capt. Law-
rence of the Ninth New Jersey Regiment captured, and occu-
pied as a picket station.
Late in the evening, Capt. Bailey, with Company D, of the
Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt., reported to Lieut. Col. Stew-
So ea teen er a
AT AT nett
order, with the assurance that it was to a less exposed posi-
tion, and to less arduous service. With lightened hearts we
moved to the extreme right of the Army of the James, at
half musket-range from the enemy’s outworks, the right of
the brigade resting across the Osborn Pike, which led directly
up the bluff, and its left connecting with Wistar’s Brigade of
Weitzel’s Division.
The Star Brigade was stationed in Gregory’s Woods, with
the Ninth New Jersey upon the right, followed in order by
the Twenty-Third, Twenty-Seventh and Twenty-Fifth Massa-
chusetts Regiments. The Twenty-Third Massachusetts, with
a portion of the Twenty-Seventh, held position along a cart-
path just in the edge of the woods; while, at the left of the
Twenty-Seventh and the Twenty-Fifth, the road fell to the
rear, and their line followed a slight ravine. Fort Darling,
on our front, was a mile and a quarter distant, while an
emptied ice-pond lay just before us, and an unoccupied space
of a mile and a half between our brigade and the James
River. As soon as our alignment had been formed, Gen’l
Heckman realized the exposed position assigned to us, and,
after a careful survey, reported his fears, and received the
assurance that the space between us and the James should
be properly occupied. Col. Drake, at Point of Rocks, re-
ceived orders during the following night to occupy this
position, and immediately started with the Ninth Maine and
the One Hundred and Twelfth New York Regiments, but
arrived too late to avert the impending disaster. Nor was
our brigade commander alone in his apprehensions of danger ;
every man, to the lowest private, realized it, and, with cups,
plates and bayonets for spades, commenced the construction
art, of the Ninth New Jersey, in command of the picket
line, and was ordered to take position on the right of the
‘¢ Willis House,” and to extend his line to a given distance,
pressing as near to the enemy as possible. In doing this
three men wére severely wounded by a previously established
line of the Eighth Maine, at the rear. After some difficulty,
Capt. Bailey reached the Maine regiment, and explained who
he was, and by whose orders there; but about midnight a
volley from the rebels in front aroused their suspicions,
leading the Maine boys to again fire upon our company.
During the night, the felling of trees and movement of artil-
lery along the James River, was plainly heard ; but an incess-
ant rattle of musketry prevented any intelligent knowledge of
the enemy’s movements.
The space from our right to the river, was picketed by the
“ighth Maine and a squadron of Cole’s negro cavalry, all of
whom had been on duty forty-eight hours without relief. To
entangle and delay the enemy in case of assault, Gen’! Smith
suggested that wire from the telegraph lines along the turn-
pike be interlaced among the trees on his front. The supply
of wire had been exhausted before the Star Brigade reached
its new position, and hence they were without what proved
to other parts of the line a valuable means of defence. Thus
situated, the midnight hour ushered in our ‘¢ dies ire,” a day
of gloom, disaster and death for many of our regiment.
We append so much of Beauregard’s official report as to
show his plan and the movements made against our position.
_—
“ee amrmmenaon ane
ee Nt RENN
270 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
[Extract from P. T. Beauregard’s Official Report. ]
“Swirt CREEK, VA., June 10, 1864.
- « + **T determined . . .~ that our left wing, turning
and hurled upon Butler’s weak right, should, with crushing force,
double it back upon its centre, thus interposing an easterly barrier
between Butler and his base; that our right wing should simulta-
neously with its skirmishers, and afterward in force, as soon as the
left became fully engaged, advance, and occupy the enemy, to pre-
vent his reinforcing his right, and thus check him in front, without,
however, prematurely seeking to force him far back, before our left
could completely outflank him, and our Petersburg column close up
on his rear; finally, that the Petersburg column, marching to the
sound of heaviest firing, should impose a southern barrier to his
retreat.
‘¢ Butler thus surrounded by three lines of fire, could have with his
defeated troops no resource against capture or destruction except
in an attempt at partial and hazardous escape westward, away from
his base, his train and supplies.
‘* Two difficulties . . . . might impede, . .. . one was a
stubborn and effective resistance, . .. . another... . the
rapid handling of a fragmentary army. . . . . On the other
hand, I reckoned on the advantage of being all in readiness at day-
break, with short distances on which to operate ; a long day before
me in which to manceuvre; direct routes; and simplicity in the
movements to be executed. ....
‘* Ransom moved at 4.45 A. Mm. . . . - His division consisted
of the following brigades, in the order named, commencing from
the left: Gracie’s, Kemper’s (commanded by Col. Terry), Barton’s
(under Col. Fry), and Col. Lewis (Hoke’s old brigade). He was
soon engaged . . . . capturing five stands of colors and some
five hundred prisoners. The brigades most heavily engaged were
Gracie’s and Kemper’s, opposed to the enemy’s right, the former
turning his flank. Gen’l Ransom then halted, to form, reported his
loss heavy and tro: ps scattered by the fog, his ammunition short,
and asked for a brigade from the reserve, ... . and re-formed his
lines in the old position, near the lines he had stormed. Here his
infantry rested the greater part of the day, Donorant’s cavalry,
dismounted, being thrown forward as skirmishers towards a small
BATTLE OF DREWRY’S BLUFF.
ridge on the edge of George Gregory’s woods, north of Proctor’s
Clete s: Gow a
The rain had ceased, and with the dawn came a dense
fog, rendering objects a few feet distant undiscernible.
Several times during the night, the Twenty-Seventh had been
aroused by the sharp contests of our pickets in front. About
half-past four, the morning of the 16th, while Lieut. Col.
Bartholomew was inspecting the line, the air was suddenly
rent with belching guns, and the field illuminated with a
glare of flame, while shrieking, crashing messengers of death
gave warning that our hour of trial had come.
Capt. Bailey, with Company D, retired before the ene-
my’s attack, expecting, by falling to the rear of the brigade,
to be able to join his regiment. His attention was attracted
by hearing an unusual commotion as he neared the road, and,
halting his men, he heard an order given in Confederate dia-
lect. This revealed to him the character of the force before
him; but, by making a detour towards the James River,
and crossing Proctor’s Creek some distance to the rear, he
succeeded in eluding them and in saving his company, ex-
cept Samuel A. Chapin, who was killed by a shell. From
Proctor’s Creek the company escorted a body of prisoners
to Bermuda Hundreds, and reached camp at Cobb’s Hill
early in the evening.
Meantime, the enemy, in accordance with their plan, had
massed Gracie’s, Kemper’s, Hokes and Barton’s Brigades
on our front, and had charged with impetuosity, but were
driven back by the merciless fire of the Star Brigade. The
fog materially interfered with our defence, and facilitated
the enemy’s movements, by permitting them to approach at
close range unobserved. Three times the foe charged our
position, but the fire from our lines drove them back to their
intrenchments. The rebel yells, the thunderings of the ar-
tillery, the crashing of shells, and falling of limbs about us,
filled the air with wildest confusion ; but the answer of Heck-
ae SS AE Ete aN
Su a ait ha
ae ee ete ee
Sr re ae
972 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
man’s Brigade was an incessant roll of musketry. Not
man thus far had yielded an inch, but, firm and resolute,
awaited the assault, without fear of defeat; for, not a regi-
ment in that ‘*iron brigade” had ever turned their backs to
the enemy, but had wrested victory from every field of con-
test.
The turning of our right, by a part of Gracie’s Brigade,
necessitated the changing of front by the Ninth New Jersey
Regiment; but the officer who was dispatched to inform
aa OF the movement was unfortunately killed en route.
Being ignorant of any disaster to our column, and having
been the third regiment in line from the right, the Twenty-
Seventh Mass. had little cause to fear a rear or flank attack,
without timely warning. Just as we were giving our atten-
tion to another charge against our position from the front,
we were startled by volley from the rear, with the enemy
close upon us, yelling: ‘* Lay down your arms, lay down
> 3 ’ $5
your arms, you Yankee devils!
It was a moment of intense anxiety for men who had never
suffered a defeat; but, with cold steel, and smoking vies
front and rear, there was little encouragement to resist. When
our defeat became evident, it was impossible to control the
rank and file. Some, in anger and chagrin, struck their rifles
across trees and stumps, bending and otherwise rendering
them unserviceable to the enemy. Col. Lee was beset by a
burly foe, but refused to surrender, until persuaded by a re-
volver at his head, in the hand of a rebel adjutant. Lieut.
Col. Bartholomew when last seen by our men who escaped,
was firing his revolver at the line advancing from the rear.
Lieut. F. C. Wrighé, of Northampton, barely escaped ; 5
musket ball spraining his ankle and tearing the heel from his
boot. Before our color guards were aware of special danger,
the ruthless hands of rebels had grasped the standards. she
bearer A. A. Gage, of Monson, sought to save the ‘* Ladies
Flag” by tearing it from the standard, when a rebel officer
LOSS OF OUR COLORS. 273
put his revolver to his head, saying: ‘* Tear another thread,
and I'll blow your brains out.” M: anning was decidedly bel-
ligerent over a demand for the State colors he held, while
Seret. Dickinson clung to the United States flag until it
was wrested from him. At such a time there are thousands
of acts of personal bravery of which we cannot speak; suf-
fice it to say, many of our men were repeatedly captured in
attempts at escape, while some turned the tables by leading
their captors as captives into the Union lines. Humbling as
defeats always are, there was nothing in this affecting our
honor. The TI'wenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. were deueed to
hold this position, and, in doing so, presented an unbroken,
immovable front to the enemy, yielding nothing except as
compelled by inexorable fate. Companies F, E and K
were, in the order named, on the left flank of the Twenty-
Seventh Regiment; and, seeing the enemy closing upon
their rear, rushed to the left and gave the alarm to the
I'wenty-Fifth Mass. Capt. John W. Moore, the senior offi-
cer of our regiment present, assumed command of these
companies, and, with Lieuts. Wright, Newell, and Harring-
ton, rallied such other members as had escaped, and was en-
gaged during the day, as flankers, skirmishers, and in support
of ourartillery. By uniting with the Tw enty-Fifth Regiment,
and making a determined fight, these companies aided i
repelling tasty advance of the victorious foe, thus saving the
Army of the James from a worse defeat. At five o’clock,
after thirteen hours of contest, these companies were relieved,
and wearily dragged their way to Cobb’s Hill, where they
arrived an hour before midnight. Col. Pickett, of the
T'wenty-Fifth Mass. Regt., assumed command of the Star
Brigade after its discomfiture, and we append so much of his
report as relates to our escaped companies :—
* « . “At this juncture, while marching my regiment through the
woods to the rear, I was informed by Capt. W. H. Abels, Act’g
Adjt. Gen’! of the brigdda that Gen’] Heckman and Col. Lee were
274 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
both reported missing. Being senior officer, I was ordered by Gen'l
Weitzel to assume command, collect the remnants of the regiments,
and form the brigade in line of battle, in the open field, in the rear
of the woods. The brigade was then ordered by Gen’l Smith to
an elevated piece of ground on the right, in order to check the fur-
ther advance of the enemy on our right flank. Remaining there
about an hour, the brigade was ordered by Lieut. Graves, of Gen’l
Weitzel’s Staff, {o move at double-quick to a turnpike, a short
distance in the rear of which we supported a battery. . - -
About five o’clock p. m. orders were received to withdraw the bri-
gade, reaching camp about nine o’clockp. Mm. . . . The total loss
of the brigade in killed, wounded and missing, from the 12th to the
16th, is six hundred and ninety-three. . . .
‘¢ J, PICKETT,
“ Col. Twenty-Fifth Mass. Vols., Commanding Brigade.
‘¢ Capt. W. H. ABELs,
“A. A. G., Second Division, Eighteenth Army Corps.”
Of the nine hundred and eighty men captured that day,
six hundred were from the Star Brigade, and two hundred
and forty-nine from the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. In
two ranks, with a heavy guard, and a stalwart rebel, bearing
our three flags, leading the column, our captured men
marched over fields strewn thick with dead. Over the clash
of arms was heard the agonizing wail of the wounded and
dying ; and when the prisoners reached the bluff, the long
ruws of dead and wounded lying near the fort, made it clear
that the victory over our slender column had been secured
at a terrible cost. The captives were marched down the
steep embankment of the bluff to a steamer, and by nine
o'clock were in Richmond, the butt of jests, and a gazing-
stock to the curious. They were immediately marched to
Libby Prison, where the officers were confined in the third,
and the men in the second story of that famous gaol.
With a single attenuated line, the Union forces had envel-
oped those of the enemy. The advantage of position, with
short distances, and direct routes, were entirely in our ene-
RA ane ae ee ee ee
le
DISASTROUS LOSS TO THE ENEMY.
my’s favor, while itis probable their effective strength was
nearly equal to that of the Union forces present upon the
field. Our line was not unlike that at Cemetery Ridge, at
Gettysburg, with the armies reversed, of which Gen'l
Doubleday says: ‘* History furnishes few instances in which
forces assailing such a position are not disastrously defeated
unless supported by a large preponderating force.” The Star
Brigade, with a prophetic knowledge of the enemy’s plan,
had warned the commanding general of the exposed condi-
tion of our right. To remedy this defect, two regiments
were ordered to occupy a front which would have required a
division to hold it, and these regiments failed to arrive until
after the disaster had fallen upon our men.
The enemy’s attack was made substantially as planned in
Beauregard’s report, but failed in realizing his sanguine ex-
pectation at a point where the execution of the plan would
have proved his ruin. Ransom’s forces were so demoralized
by their attack upon our brigade as to have been useless
for the rest of the day, as admitted by Beauregard’s report.
As to this contest, C.-T. Locher, of the First Virginia
(Kemper’s Brigade) writes: ‘«I do not think it was an easy
victory. The tire of the Twenty-Seventh Mass., in response
to the first call to surrender, killed eight of the First Vir-
ginia, Terry’s (iKemper’s) Brigade, next to Gracie’s, lost
three hundred and fourteen killed and wounded, out of one
thousand men in the assault, and Barton's Brigade, next to
Terry, lost nearly as many.” |
The First and Seventh Virginia Regiments of Kemper’s
Brigade, had attacked us in the rear, while the Forty-Third
and Fifty-Ninth Alabama Regiments of Gracie’s Brigade,
and the Twenty-Fourth and Eleventh Virginia Regiments of
Kemper’s Brigade, were assailing us in front. The colonel
of the Forty-Third Alabama, and lieutenant-colonel of the
I'wenty-Fourth Virginia Regiments, were killed ; and the colo-
nel of the Twenty-Fourth Virginia, and colonel and adjutant
276 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
of the Fifty-Ninth Alabama Regiments, with the lieutenant-
colonel of the Sixtieth Alabama, were severely wounded.
The Foity-Third and Fifty-Ninth Alabama Regiments were
completely demoralized by the terrific fire, as were wert =
Eleventh and Twenty-Fourth Virginia Regiments. Terry’s
(Kemper’s), Barton’s and Lewis’ (Hoke’s) Brigades, made
ickett’s Division when they made that famous charge
up P !
at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. Lieut. Col. Cabell, of the
Thirty-Eighth Virginia, was the only field officer of that
Division who walked off that fatal field, and he fell dead
as Barton’s Brigade moved upon the Union
’s Brigade, gives
this morning,
line. Mr. Locher, historian of Kemper
their loss that morning as fifty-five killed and two hun-
You os poe
dred and fifty-nine wounded; and adds, that of Gracie’s
. - P ‘ > 1A é or c .
and Barton’s Brigades, must have been equally great
As these facts are all obtained from Confederate sources,
they may be considered reliable, and show most vividly
the desperate fight made by our men to defend their
position.
As to this conflict, we present the opinion of some of those
present during the day. Brig. Gen’l Weitzel, Chief Engineer
of the Army of the James, said, ‘‘ I never knew a better offi-
cer, or a better fighter than Heckman, either in the regular or
volunteer service.” The «‘ New York Herald’s” correspon-
dent, under date of May 19, 1864, wrote, ‘* The brigade main-
tained its splendid reputation, and for an hour resisted the
enemy on all sides, and covered the field with dead and
wounded rebels. The enemy charged upon them in over-
powering numbers, and the iron men who had stood the brunt
of battle for ten days, were driven from the field.” The
‘¢New York Tribune ” correspondent, detailing the action,
mentions the rumor of our capture, but adds, ‘* We very
much doubt the truthfulness of this rumor, as Heckman’s
fighting brigade has always proved itself more than a match for
the enemy.” The correspondent of the Eighteenth Corps
WHAT THE ENEMY SAY. 277
wrote : ‘* It was a great mistake to have put men jaded by con-
stant service, in that position, and especially Heckman’s
Brigade, which has been in constant service, and always in
the advance, from the very moment of landing, up to the
time of the attack.” Capt. E. K. Wilcox of Company I,
who was aide-de- samp on Gen’l Weitzel’s staff, wrote: ‘‘ The
hardest fight I ever was in happened yesterday.” Two
deserters from the Eighteenth Georgia Regiment, said, ‘* We
could walk on bodies from our works to your position after
the wounded were removed.” Charles Weed, of Company
E, Twenty-Seventh Mass., who was wounded and lay upon
the field until noon, says: ‘* When I was carried through
the field to the rebel works, the wounded had been removed
and laid in long winrows around the fort, while the field
was covered with their dead.”
C. T. Locher, the historian of Kemper's (rebel) Brigade
(composed of the First, Third, Seventh, Eleventh and
Lwenty-Fourth Virginia Regiments), writes, under date
of Sept. 28, 1882 : —
‘*'The First Virginia carried your lines where the stage road
enters. After passing about one hundred yards down this road,
finding nothing in our front, and hearing the firing to our right and
rear, we turned towards that direction, coming across where the
coffee was temptingly boiling. We stopped awhile and took some.
That it was good I can testify.. It was a rare treat to us. After
leaving the coffee-pots we struck a line of men marked A (see
sketch of field of Drewry’s Bluff), who, after some talk, dropped
their guns without firing. Meanwhile, the left of our regiment
drew the attention of those further in their front, and lower down,
marked B, who called, What regiment is that? Our reply, The
First Virginia! was answered by a shotted salute, killing eight
and wounding scores of our men. J. B. Angle, one of our men,
Saw Gen’l Heckman surrender to Col. Flouree of the Seventh
Virginia.”
This letter is corroborated by Col. Sandford and Lieut.
Col. Troy of the Sixtieth Alabama, and Adjutant Hall of the
Se
278 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Fifty-Ninth Alabama, of Gracie’s Brigade. Cols. Sandford
and Troy say, ‘*‘ They came up with many misgivings be-
cause they thought there was a battery there,” as there was
(Belger’s) the night before. The firing at four o’clock, the
15th of May, was to feel out our lines, and they found out
where they ended, then; but as our brigade moved farther
towards the James during the night, where Beauregard
counted on nothing, he found something.
Thus closed the day upon the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt.,
but its shattered ranks returned to camp, ‘* Not like
the quarry slave at night, scourged to his dungeon,” for they
had done all that courage and manhood could do. Still, mis-
fortune has its cruel thrusts, and the deserted quarters of our
comrades were forcible reminders of the loss we had sus-
tained. We report in detail the losses of the T'wenty-
Seventh Mass. Regt. at Drewry’s Bluff.
KILLED.
Capt. Cuartes D. Sanprorp, North Adams; shot through
head.
Samuret A. Cuarry, Company D, Granby ; shell; head.
WituraM M. Tymeson, Company E, Monterey.
Sergt. Josern W. Roserts, Company F, Granville.
JosEPH Dorie, Company F, Springfield.
Frankuin M. Hissert, Company F, Tolland.
Luruer P. Vartte, Company F, Tolland.
CHArLEs H. Searte, Company F, Southampton.
Rosert H. Macautey, Company H, Becket.
RICHARD CAMPBELL, Company K, Springfield ; through breast.
WovuNDED.
Lieut. Frederick C. Wright, Northampton ; heel.
Lieut. Sherman P. Cooley, Granville, left arm and side.
Company A.
James Adams, Williamsburg; finger amputated. Hiram A.
Beach, Huntington; thumb and ankle. Edward L. Lewis, North-
ampton ; fingers.
WOUNDED AT DREWRY’'S BLUFF.
Company B.
Milton N. Jillson, Athol; neck and right shoulder. Aaron
Oliver, Athol; bayonet wound, foot. Ebenezer Winslow, Wen-
dell ; right foot.
Company C.
Sergt. Francis D. Avery, Charlemont; left arm and side.
James J. P. Davis, Sandisfield; thigh, amputated. Orrin Jones,
Deerfield; left foot. Jesse D. Comstock, Cummington, right
thigh. Henry H. Johnson, Northfield ; left lung, fatal.
Company D.
James W. Spear, Amherst ; left thigh, amputated, fatal. Nathan-
iel F. Manley, Springfield ; both legs, fatal. Charles B. Spauld-
ing, Amherst; left arm. Lucius D. Smith, Hadley; right knee.
Josiah Wood, New Bedford; arm, amputated. Charles R. Collins,
Chicopee; slight.
Company E.
Sergt. Charles H. Bligh, Pittsfield; right shoulder. Samuel S.
Chapman, Lee; left knee, amputated. Daniel F. Andrews, Great
Barrington; head. Joseph Dwyer, Hinsdale; hand. Benjamin
W. F. Smith, Great Barrington; ear. Dennis O’Connor, Pitts-
field; slight. Lewis Tatro, Douglas; knee amputated. Charles
Weed, Pittsfield; both legs and groin. James Williams, Pitts-
field; side, fatal. Jonas Scott, Great Barrington; fatal.
Company F.
Sergt. Chauncey Holcomb, Westfield; fatal. Sergt. George W.
Cone, Westfield; arm, slight. Corp. Nathan B. Pomeroy, West-
field; breast, left arm, amputated. Hiram H. Weiser, Westfield ;
face, left side. Howard E. Cornwell, Southwick; right arm.
Walter R. Madison, Westfield; right arm. Reuben A. Richards,
Springfield ; right thumb. Vernon D. Austin, Southampton ; right
hand. Frank W. Chamberlin, Westfield; slight. George E.
Clark, Springfield ; left arm, contusion. Patrick Coughlin, Ches-
ter; thigh. John Dorflin, Westfield; fatal. William A. Moody,
Westfield; leg. Henry W. Soule, Tolland; slight. Henry H.
Underwood, Sandisfield; right side, contusion. Peter Wilson,
Southwick ; slight.
> Aa nes i BI et RIT pa
280 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Company H.
Sergt. Francis E. Weil; right lung, fatal. Corp. Horace A.
Loomis; right foot. Charles A. Odell; finger. Charles W.
Coon; left foot. Nelson A. Randall; finger. Casper J. Heis-
ler ; fatal.
Company I.
Lucian J. Erwin, Brimfield.
Company K.
Jerome E. Smith, Groton; left arm, flesh wound. John Wood-
ward, Springfield ; right thigh, slight.
PRISONERS.
Col. H. C. Lee.
Lieut. Col. W. G. Bartholemew.
Capt. R. Ripley Swift.
Lieuts. Joseph H. Nutting, P. W. McManus, J. Leander
Skinner, John H. Judd, Justus Lyman, William G. Davis.
Total, 9.
Company A.
Sergts. Henry Dickinson, Abel C. Kenney.
Corpls. Alvin W. Clark, Edmund T. Drake, Sylvester S. Hooper,
Nelson H. Kingsley, Frederick Frey.
Privates Lyman B. Abbott, Richard B. Abbott, Frank Alvord,
Henry Anthony, William H. Bartlett, Thomas Bolton, Thomas C.
Brady, Henry Braman, Edgar C. Brewster, John Buchanan, Oliver
A. Clark, John Donovan, Calvin C. Hosford, Frederick Klisner,
Ed. L. Lewis, John McCaffrey, Albert Meir, Patrick Murphy,
Richard Raftis, Rufus C. Robinson, Francis G. Russell, Warren K.
Russell, Andrew J. Shaw, Thomas F. Smith, Charles A. Spencer,
Ezra O. Spooner, Morris Stark, Frederick P. Stone, James F.
Thayer, Emerson W. Torrey, Caleb F. Tufts. Total, 3
Company B.
Sergts. Mark Rankin, Levi Bosworth, Henry H. Bush, Charles
Gray.
Corpls. John Bolles, William P. Huntoon, William H. Pierce,
John W. Brizzee.
CAPTURED AT DREWRY’S BLUFF. 281
Privates James H. Allen, David Blair, Hiram Blair, John T. Bliss,
Joseph Bracewell, Jr., James L. Bragdon, Charles Davis, William
N. Dexter, George S. Dresser, Jolin M. Dodge, Theo. E. Galer,
Grosvenor Hollenbeck, John W. Howe, Reuben Huntoon, Norris
B. Meacham, James Miller, Sylvanus E. Oliver, James H. Rich-
ardson, Samuel Rich, Asa Tilden, Charles E. Wright, Wesley A.
Woodward. Total, 30.
Company C.
Sergts. Alfred D. Burdeck, Bartholomew O’Connell.
Corpls. Francis A. Loveland, John Manning, Levi Brizzee,
Elijah Carter, Samuel Woffenden.
Privates Oscar C. Britt, Daniel E. Ball, George W. Bradburn,
Joseph W. Blair, John Callighan, Lewis A. Drury, Chauncey L.
Emmons, William R. Elder, John Fitzgerald, William Farrell,
Charles W. Harvey, George Hunter, James C. Hitchcock, William
Hazard, Charles T. Howard, Martin L. Jones, Frank W. Jones,
Peter Le Clair, Oscar M. Loomis, Hart E. Mowry, Patrick Mur-
phy, Mahlon M. Merritt, Joseph Nadeaux, James H. Pratt, Mer-
rick A. Packard, Mayhew M. Phipps, Brigham S. Ripley, Joseph
Richards, Isaac Spooner, Gilbert D. Streeter, John W. Woffenden,
Andrew M. Witherell, Merritt E. Wright, George W. Taylor.
Total, 41.
Company D.
Corp. Josiah Wood *
Privates Charles R. Collins, Ezra Kelsey, Charles A. Smith.
Total, 4.
Company E.
Sergts. William H. Monnier, Otto L. Stamm.
Corp. Eldad E. Moore.
Privates Hugh Dolan, Dennis O’Connor,* Jonas Scott,* Lewis
Tatro,* Charles Weed,* James Williams.* Total, 9.
Company F.
Sergt. Chauncey Holcomb.*
Privates Martin Arrenz, Milo H. Cooley, Frank W. Chamber-
lin,* John Dorflin,* John W. Gibbs, Chauncey P. Howe, Seth
Liswell, William A. Moody,* Charles W. Roberts. Total, 10.
* Wounded also.
282 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Company G.
Sergts. William Q. Wight, Andrew J. Dunham.
Corp. Stanley Howard.
Privates George A. Boice, Michael Cavanaugh, Richard Curtis,
Patrick Gleason, Edward G. Kellogg, Michael Lyons, Patrick
Murray, William W. Patridge, Charles Pratt, Patrick Riley,
Edwin Smith, Michael Splaine, Charles Williams, Eleazer Wilbur.
Total, 17.
Company H.
Sergts. Joseph Ainley, Alexander G. Harrington.
Corpls. Irving R. Clark, Thomas Hare, Christopher Reagan,
Henry Remington, Jr.
Privates John W. Allen, Harvey E. Bassett, William P. Bracy,
Sdward P. Clark, Charles A. Como, Wardrop Davidson, James
Donlan, Sidney T. Estes, Casper J. Heisler,* Sylvester Kent,
Andrew Lacey, Charles A. Lyman, George McGue, Samuel L.
Montague, Charles H. Morgan, Emory P. Morton, James Parker,
Royal H. Plumb, Charles L. Spooner, Henry C, Terry, James
M. Thompson, Albert Whiting. Total, 28.
Company I.
Sergts. Charles J. Osborn, Abram Childs, George W. Hobart.
Corpls. Alvin A. Gage, William W. Halin, Austin Jennison,
Henry H. Pepper, James E. Perry.
Privates Horace H. Acres, Hiram W. Aldrich, Perez Blackmer,
Robert B. W. Bliss, Joseph E. Boynton, Henry Busha, Lucius
Brown, Augustus L. Chapman, Stephen Clark, John Coash, Albert
Cullins, Charles S. Coleman, Caleb Crowningshield, James K.
Crosby, James Crosby, William H. Davy, George H. Dimick,
Thomas Finnerty, Lucian J. Erwin,* John J. Flaherty, John K.
Fuller, C. J. Glover, Elmer Jewett, Almon Laide, Ebenezer Lyon,
Michael McKinney, Richard McNary, Alex. B. Murdock, Lyman
E. Needham, Stephen O’Halloran, John P. Pepper, Silas H.
Phelps, Daniel Pratt, Flavius J. Putnam, Solomon Rhodes, John
Sullivan, George H. Walls, William E. Washburn, John Whitney.
Total, 47.
Company K.
Sergts. John W. Bartlett, Parsons M. Ault, Edwin P. Grover.
Corpls. Erastus Innman, Frederick Kurtz.
* Wounded also.
CAPT. CHAS. D. SANDFORD. 283
Privates Thomas C. Allis, Joseph Day, Elisha J. Griggs, Carl
N. Lippman, John McDonough, Robert McDonald, John Me-
Grath, Edward P. Meacham, William O’Brien, John Tucker.
Total, 15.
Our casualties before Drewry’s Bluff were ten killed,
fifty-five wounded, and two hundred and forty-eight prison-
ers. Of the prisoners, twelve were wounded, and appear in
that list also, so that our total loss was three hundred and
one men. The companies held the following position in
regimental line of battle, D being absent : —
(Right. ; Ae aly ay aie s |
[Prisoners.] 28 38 47 41 30
This view of their position, in connection with the narra-
tive, will show why certain companies lost so largely in
prisoners. Our total casualties for ten days since landing
at Bermuda Hundreds, was sixteen killed, one hundred and
nine wounded, and two hundred and forty-eight prisoners,
an aggregate loss of three hundred and sixty-one men. The
effective strength of the regiment had been farther reduced
since landing by detaching upwards of one hundred men,
for pioneer, ambulance and other special duty; while large
numbers had broken down under the severe strain, and were
sick at camp or in the hospitals.
Were it possible, we would gladly record the courage and
sacrifices of all who fell on that fatal morning, but we must
intrust their memories to a grateful people.
There was one who fell whom we must mention, for not
to do so would rob the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. of the
record of one of its bravest and most accomplished officers.
Capt. CHARLES D. SANDFORD.
Charles Durand Sandford, son of our first chaplain, Rev.
Miles Sandford, was born in Pontiac, Mich., March 20, 1540,
from which place he moved successively to Detroit, Chicago,
oa
=
PEER SR = RRR AR ART ATR
are
284 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Boston and North Adams. He was fitted for college by his
mother, and graduated at Williams College in 1858, at eigh-
teen years of age, and three years later from Albany Law
University. Fired by the national insult at Fort Sumter,
he returned to North Adams, and enlisted a company, his
name heading the list. He was commissioned first lieuten-
ant Oct. 16, 1861, and promoted captain Dec. 7, 1861, in
Company H. From first to last he was intrepid, zealous,
intelligent and discreet, and his acts a heritage of lustre and
fame to the regiment. Capt. Sandford was present in every
action of the regiment until his death, save the siege of Lit-
tleeWashington, at which time he was at Plymouth. He had
several engagements with the enemy with forces under his
special command, notably: Gum Swamp, June 28, 1862;
Core Creek, Sept. 30, 1862; and Rocky Hock Creek, March
23, 1863,— in all of which engagements he signally defeated
the enemy. He was judge advocate during the summer and
fall of 1862, and provost marshal of New Berne from June
to November, 1863, when, by his own request, he was re-
lieved, that he might share with his men their hardships,
dangers and victories.
On account of our exposed situation, Capt. Sandford
was accorded the position of honor at the right of the regi-
ment, before Drewry’s Bluff, May 15, 1864, and during the
attack of the 16th magnetized his men with his invincible
spirit. For an hour he stood with them, using his revolver,
until, as the enemy charged the last time, he shouted,
‘Stand to the rack, boys; don’t flinch!” when a Minie
ball pierced his forehead, traversed his brain, and escaped
near the centre of the back of his head. He fell across the
rifle of one of his men just in the act of firing, and came
heavily to the ground upon his face. He was a worthy son
of his Alma Mater, of indomitable energy, finished and
comprehensive scholarship, manliness and docility of charac-
ter, Magnanimity and sympathy of heart. With a wonder-
THE JAMES RIVER CAMPAIGN. 985
ful memory, his knowledge of fact and detail made him an
encyclopedia of reference, rarely in error. His whole-
hearted consecration to his country only increased his love
for literature, which was insatiable. Capt. Sandford was a
Christian, too, of unostentatious, retiring piety, yet of such
firm convictions as to give him decision of character and
purpose. The North Adams Post No. 79, Grand Army of
the Republic, has the honor to bear his name.
Of the movements of the Army of the James, Gen’l But-
ler writes the author, under date of June 26, 1882 : —
- « « « The plan of the campaign was agreed upon be-
tween Gen’l Grant and myself at Fortress Monroe, substantially,
that with my forces organized as the Army of the James, I was to
move on City Point, and take possession of Bermuda Hundreds,
and fortify it so as to be able to hold it in case of disaster, and then
march upon and throw my forces around Richmond on the south
bank of the river, forming a junction with the Army of the Poto-
mac, which was to drive Lee into Richmond, and thus scoop Lee
and Richmond out of the Confederacy. My march to City Point
was to be a surprise, and it was a surprise. When I got to City
Point, I conferred with the general officers commanding the several
corps, and desired that they should march on Richmond, one of
them with ten thousand men, being sure that there were but few
troops there, and they (the general oflicers) strongly opposed any
such deviation from the general plan. . . . I was to take pos-
Session of the outer line of fortifications of Richmond, part of
which was done the 15th of May, on which day I was to meet
Gen’l Grant there, and of his movements I was to be informed.
- . . On the 15th of May, when we were lying around Fort
Darling, I was informed by the arrival of Gen’! Sheridan, that
Gen’l Grant had altered his line of march after the battle of the
Wilderness, and was moving on Cold Harbor and City Point by the
left flank, instead of the right flank, as he had expected to do ; and,
therefore, I had nothing to do but perfect my fortifications at Ber-
muda Hundreds, to afford him a base of supplies.
286 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
‘¢'The Walthall Junction movement . . - WAS « «+ -
First, to impress upon the enemy that my objective point was
Petersburg, and the destruction of the southern railroad system ;
and, second, to destroy the railroad so as to impede the march of
troops and the conveyance of supplies into Richmond. ‘There was
neither the intention or expectation of taking Petersburg when the
demonstration near Swift Creek was made. On the contrary, when
I did think of taking Petersburg, I went on the other side of the
Appomattox. The cause of the delay from May 9th to May 12th,
was that I had agreed to be there on the 15th, and it was necessary
to get the fortifications across the throat of the peninsula at Ber-
muda Hundreds in proper condition, to be able to withstand any
attack.
‘At the time we were attacking the fortifications around Rich-
mond (at Drewry’s Bluff), I had so heavy a force stationed near
Petersburg, that, although attacked by the whole Confederate
force in Petersburg (see page 270), trying to get thence to Rich-
mond, no effect was produced on our lines. And so far as our
army was concerned, we could have stayed with safety around
Richmond three or four days longer. . . . . My business
was done there. If General Grant could not join me there, I had
nothing to do there. .. . All details were left to my judg-
ment. ‘
‘‘T was sorry to learn at the time of the loss of the Twenty-
Seventh, which you recall to my mind. They were good men and
true, so far as I know; but it was the want of proper picket sys-
tem in front of the brigade to which they were attached, and the
not putting up of some defences before the line of that brigade,
that caused the severe loss. It is hardly the fault of the command-
ing general that a brigade gets surprised (!) in a fog, especially
if the precautions which he has directed have not been taken by
that brigade.”
Ata personal interview with General Butler at the Execu-
tive Chamber, the author asked an explanation of the closing
part of this letter, and received the following reply : —
Boston, March 17, 1883.
You ask an explanation as to what I refer to as defective picket
system in front of Heckman’s Brigade, a part of which your regi-
i a a a CT
GEN. BUTLER STILL IN THE FOG.
ment was on the morning of the 16th of May. Ido not mean to
Say, for I do not know, that pickets were not thrown out, and per-
haps they had covered themselves; of that Ido not know. But I
do know that in front of the line that was not surprised, and the
part of the line where the surprise was repulsed, there was tele-
graph wire stretched about the height of a man’s knee, far enough
in front to entirely disorder the enemy as in the fog they tumbled
Over it. And the same precaution was ordered in front of Heck-
man’s Brigade, but there no telegraph wire was stretched, and so
je acta ie in far as I know, no impediment thrown in its place. To that I then
SS el % | | attributed, and now upon further information I do attribute, the
ax, a x misfortune that happened to that brigade that morning in the fog.
Yours truly,
(Signed ) Beny. F. BuTver.
Corse’s Va, Brig
5, LAL gy a i As Gen’!] A. A. Humphrey’s volume entitled ‘‘ The Vir-
ginia Campaign of 1864 and 1865,” seemingly corroborates
these letters, it is only necessary to say that that account is
largely from reports and dispatches from Gen’l Butler, since
Gen’ Humphrey was, at the time under consideration, serv-
ing with the Army of the Potomac. We have, therefore,
Only Gen’l Butler to reply to.
In matters pertaining to the civil war and his individual
record therein, Gen’l Butler has been so accustomed to go to
his imagination for his facts, and to self-interest for their
confirmation, that it is hardly a source of wonder that after
so terrible a defeat, he seeks to throw the odium from the
commander upon the command. As to how unreliable these
statements of Gen’l Butler’s are, and how little he was pre-
pared for, or has ever understood, the plan of Beauregard
Battle-fielu of Drewry’s Blut, a | Eee = getter Tse: a pees: i en
mR ap EP, ECD, ARO : gard’s official report on page 270, and refer them to the
whine a ae . sketch of the battle-field of Drewry’s Bluff; appending
letters from the officers commanding the right of the Army
of the James, viz.: Maj. Gen’l W. F. Smith, commanding
Eighteenth Army Corps; Maj. Gen’l Godfrey Weitzel, com-
PA e.. RS ey Fae ERIM es or
.
|
|
i
Se ee arene et eS ites Sele eS eee
Ph ah a ot ARN Sl ONE GS AA Ram mC eS Sa I
288 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
manding the First Division, Eighteenth Army Corps; and
srig. Gen’l C. A. Heckman, commanding the first (Star)
Brigade, First Division, Eighteenth Corps ; with statements
of regimental commanders.
Gen’l W. F. Smith writes under date of Feb. 7, 1883 : —
“ With reference to Gen’l Butler’s assertion of the position taken
by Gen’l Gillmore and myself as to his march upon Richmond, we
have both denied it in the public prints. The denial was unan-
swered. Gen’l Butler was however the commanding general, and it
is rather pleading the baby act, to lay claim, after the war, unsup-
ported by one jot of evidence, for a brilliant idea which he did not
carry out because his two subordinates did not see it. The bril-
liant ideas which are carried out by commanding generals, though
in opposition to the advice of subordinates, show the military
leader. Gen’l Butler, from his own showing, belongs to a different
grade of military men. I was opposed to the campaign on the
James River from its inception. Only one person ever knew of it.
I did my duty as an honest soldier to carry out the plan, and when
it failed, I told Gen’l Butler what I thought should be done.”
New York, March 30, 1883.
. . . “The inherent trouble was in the position we held, and there
is no blame to be attached to any one save the higher (military )
powers. We had one thin line with a mile or more of country
between our right and the James River. I had called attention to
it, and even asked for a small body of cavalry to put in there for
pickets, but could not get it. I was excessively anxious about our
position, and reported that I had no reserves. I was told there
were two regiments back at the ‘half-way house.” The night
before the attack, I had been out, and personally established a
strong picket in a house on our right — probably Willis’ in your
sketch —and was there until midnight, thinking probable any
movement the enemy would make would be against the house first.
. . « Iwas quite prepared to lose that force if they made.a fight
and gave the alarm.
‘¢ When I went back to headquarters, it was beautifully clear with
brilliant moonlight, which I thought favorable to us. When I was
WHAT GENERALS SMITH AND WEITZEL SAY. 289
awakened by the firing in the morning, I had hard work to find my
way to the turnpike where I made headquarters, and remained till
all was over. The faulty disposition of our lines made any form
of serious attack on our right a good plan, which would have oc-
curred to any one with the slightest military experience. The
whole thing, so far as the manceuvres and position were concerned,
were of that character to free the troops from all responsibility in the
matter. . . . As I have said before, my anxieties were very great,
and two or three days before the fight I happened to observe the
wire on the poles, and sent to Gen’l Brooks to take the wire down,
and string it from the stumps in his front. Gen’l Brooks did not
attach any importance to the wire. After the fight he came to me,
rubbing his hands, saying the wire was a great thing, and that his
men shot the enemy down like partridges. That was all there was
In that matter. I do not think I ever reported it to Gen’! Butler.
I know the idea never came from him. . . .
‘* Faithfully yours,
(Signed ) Wo. F. Smiru.”
It is to be noticed Gen’l Smith’s instructions regarding the
wire were only to Gen’l Brooks’ Division. He says nothing
of Weitzel’s Division.
“ PHILA., Pa., May 2, 1883.
- « - ‘* Wire entanglements were used by most of my division in
front of its log entrenchments. I think no order was given for its
use, but it was suggested and, the wire was taken from the
telegraph poles on the Richmond and Petersburg Turnpike. I be-
lieve Heckman’s Brigade did not use any.
‘Our defeat on the morning of the 16th of May, 1864, at Drew-
he Bluff, was due to the fact that my right was in the open air
with nothing but a thin skirmish-line of cavalry between my right
and the James River, a distance of about three-quarters of a mile ;
and that all my troops were in line, and I had none to place in re-
Serve. Beauregard observed this, and made a heavy attack upon
my right brigade (Heckman’s), and by sheer force of numbers
rolled back that brigade, although the enemy suffered terrifically in
doing it. . . . The whole of Heckman’s Brigade fought most gal-
290 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
lantly, and no blame attaches to it for the reverse on that morning.
ainst it, outnumbered it by four to one
The enemy’s force hurled ag
All of the above is written from
as near as I can remember.
memory. Very truly yours,
(Signed) G. WEITZEL,
Lieut. Col. of Engineers,
Brevet Major Gen’l, U. S. Army.”
«“ Puita., Pa., May 1, 1883.
_ « Heckman’s and Wistar’s Brigades were all of my division
was the garrison of City
engaged. My other prigade, Hincks’,
Point. I had not a single man in reserve. Every one of my men
was in the front line, and utterly unsupported, until Gen’l Turner
gvave me the One Hundred and Twelfth New York and Ninth Maine
. Iwas not surprised (at the attack) on that morning. I had
myself awakened at four o’clock, and was drinking my coffee, when
the first firing began. Lieut. Wheeler of Heckman’s Brigade was
the first staff officer I ordered to go the right, and report to me.
He was brought back soon after, in a blanket, mortally wounded.
‘+ Very truly and sincerely yours,
(Signed) G. WEITZEL,
Lieut. Col. of Engineers,
Brevet Major Gen’l, U.S. Army.”
‘ PHILLipsBuRG, N. J., March 23, 1883.
.. * The last attempt (of Gen’ Butler) to palliate a crim-
inal blunder is as imbecile as those preceding it. I have no recol-
30 SAY WE ALL. 291
? .
Deere —— Pickett, then colonel in command of the
tale “i aE x Pe ep reper ‘ap-
Lee, at the time colonel PRI se = —_ . ain
Mass. Regt., unite in the foll SGA. 1e Lwenty-Seventh
os e following statement : —
‘6 ;
fully pa eerccs " a for the use of wire. Our picket line was
Steak of the Mints sao ie: commend of Lieut. Col.
Position of our Scull at eee iare tee iam —_ ee
fortifications had been throw ae assault. Such
condition of our e , Pitt Hecy = time and the exhausted
upon their dies wrscasms ibe: Permit, ait the Mey were tying
were in ve en a res - Three times during the night we
chien iach ) - attack, and when at length assaulted, we
ee Imes repulsed and hurled back the hostile force. Our sur-
Prise was only in that which was allowed to befall us from the rear.”
anh am ERS oe if Gen’l Butler uses the term
. > « LAT s jo ad ae eal ae i i
pose or Ais lack of Aca gy gs * mh een. Sa
Care to question it, | t .e ie ais re OGRE we do not
nie oe ‘a ie fe if it is used as Indicating heedless-
Sa % ; vigilance on the part of the troops forming
ans brigade, we reply that that matter was fully
inves 10% © . .
_— ligated at the time, and it was proved that so far as the
O dS »}' , _2AaYr
— ‘a were concerned, they were on the alert, and were
1S é Yr "ny . . ~~. 4 .
ntly reporting during the night the condition of mat-
ection of any order for the use of wire, but I do remember that on
15th I made an unsuccessful attempt to procure ters on their front
ave helped to strengthen our 6 att?
r i Gen’l Beauregard’s R ; ue this point, the history of the Twenty-Seventh Mass
ee cq a: eet. mus > parr: ° eit ks
ic. st be narrated under the following heads: the
ne aatiyg ~ oer ta . . ‘
— . In active service; the officers in prison; and the
GUNK § ile : ° ‘
= ee file at Andersonville. The night of May 15th,
: er ta ing’ 2 WW nowt oe rene ‘
anal q g our new position, Maj. William A. Walker,
= ‘i permission to return to camp at Cobb’s Hill, expect-
4 O : j 7 "> me . . .
i rejoin the regiment the following morning. Before
S retur Pere aE :
the ees the disaster had occurred, and on him devolved
4iC Cy cul tack i silica Sool :
t task of re-organizing our shattered ranks. With
the morning of the
wire, the possession of which would h
front. Gen’l Butler should remembe
direct attacks were repulsed with fearful slaughter, and that it was
not until the enemy stole in upon our rear that the Star Brigade
suffered defeat. Ifa hne officer of military prestige (success under
fire with troops) had been in command of the Army of the James
during those days of halting and doubting, the enemy would have
been driven from Petersburg, Richmond per force occupied by the
Army of the Potomac, and subsequent disasters averted.
‘¢T am truly yours,
0 ARP MOR Be YS TIE GORE BBCI fe
(Signed) C. A. Heckman.”
992 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
the three escaped companies as a nucleus, the regiment was
” (right, left and centre), the
formed into three ‘‘ divisions
her companies being united in
escaped and convalescent of ot
these commands. Capt. John W. Moore commanded the
right (B, F, land H), Capt. P. S. Bailey the left (A, D,
G), and Lieut. F. ©. Wright the centre (C, E and K).
Brig. Gen’l George J. Stannard, who had been ordered to
report to Gen’l Butler for duty previous to the battle, was
assigned to the command of the Star Brigade, and the Fifty-
Fifth Pennsylvania Vol. Regt. added to the command.
Also, Brig. Gen’l J. H. Martindale relieved Maj. Gen’l
Weitzel from the ¢
teenth Army Corps.
Sunday, May 22d, w
we gathered for divine service, and r
neces of the previous week.
ould shield those who had fallen into the
enemy’s power, and temper the winds to the bereaved at
home. While we were engaged in this service, Maj. Gen’l
Martindale arrived, and, dismounting, remained with uncov-
ered head until the close, joining tears with us over lessons
drawn from the lives of comrades slain. ‘The enemy having
forced Gen’! Butler’s army into his fortifications at Bermuda
Hundreds, now established opposing works in close proximity
to the Union lines. An ever-deafening roar of strife hung
upon the ear, sounding more like
the skirmishing of our advance.
from our navy at either flank, was like spasms of vole
eruptions, which came with a power that se
ommand of the Second Division, Kigh-
as asad day, as with depleted ranks
eviewed the terrible
experie Fervent prayer was
offered, that God w
a continuous battle than
The crash of heavy guns
anic
emed to un-
AN IMPORTANT MOVEMENT. 293
artillery and a squad of cavalry, made a reconnoissance,
but, finding the enemy in strong force near Bakehouse
Creek, retired with a loss of Joseph Goddett of Pittsfield,
Company F, Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt., wounded mor-
tally in the thigh. Our service for the most part consisted
of picket duty, and the strengthening of our works, with
Trequent alarms and hasty movements to threatened points.
I Juring one of these engagements, a Gatling gun was used upon
the enemy, a prisoner inquiring as he passed it, ‘* W hat
kind a gun is that? Do you load it Sunday and fire it all
the week?” May 26th, Brooks’ and Martindale’s Divisions
" the Kighteenth Corps, and Devens’ Division of the Tenth
Corps, were detached from the Army of the James, and
under command of Maj. Gen’l W. F. Smith, were ordered
to report at City Point. The effective strength of this com-
mand was about thirteen thousand men. At ten o’clock the
27th inst., with blankets, tents and luggage slung on our
backs, and two days’ rations in haversacks, we crossed
the Appomattox on pontons, arriving within a mile of City
Point about midnight of the 28th. At noon the 29th, we
embarked upon the steamer ‘* Vidette ” and barge ‘‘ Pratt,”
the former an old acquaintance of the Burnside Expedition.
It is worthy of note that this march was in a drenching rain,
and our embarkation, which followed, occurred on Sunday,
both of which were common occurrences in the movements
of the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt.
It is not to be wondered that under
yn
aie w
shackle every nerve.
the whirl of brain and crushing headaches consequent up¢
this roar, some poor mortals ‘* wished they would touch off
a Aa
those big guns a leetle easier.”
May 238d, fifty-five men of the Twenty-Seventh Mass.,
and a portion of the Ninth New Jersey, with a section of
eee terteree ee eran ere te eees
pores woe sey on ee
span ee 8a ee Per na
aie al
Cie a ah a ee teen ematien Se eE
294 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
CHAPTER XV.
THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC.
At five p.m., May 29th, the fleet of transports, laden with
troops, set sail from City Point. A trip down the James,
at any time, is not uninteresting; but when accompanied
by a fleet of vessels laden with troops, through scenes re-
nowned in early American history, as well as for recent
bloody conflicts, all other travel touches the level of stupidity.
Here is the site of Jamestown, the first permanent settlement
on the continent ; there a portion of a wall, a part of the ruins
of its first meeting-house; here, also, the same year that
brought our Pilgrim Fathers to Plymouth Rock, was sown
the seed of discord in African slavery, which was to engulf
the nation in a bloody strife. On either side were the
ruined mansions and broad acres of Virginia’s opulent aris-
tocracy ; here Malvern Hill, and, further on, Harrison’s
Landing, with places of lesser note in McClellan’s peninsula
campaign.
Be onl itions were rife as to our destination, whick changed
into conviction, as we rounded Fortress Monroe, and at
half-past nine, the 30th inst., turned our prow up the York
River. The morning was clear and cool, and the transports,
as they moved forward, looked more like beehives, with
swarming freights of blue-coated heroes. At West Point, the
confluence of the Pamunkey and Mattapony rivers, word
was received that Gen’l Grant had crossed the former river
at Hanovertown the day previous, and hence we entered that
crooked stream. At its mouth, broad sweeps of marsh line
WHITE-HOUSE LANDING. 295
it on either side, bounded by wooded bluffs. Some of the
transports appeared to be headed north, some south, some
east, and some west; in fact, the stream is so crooked that
it was humorously stated, one of the neighboring farmers
had maintained a fruitless lawsuit for twenty years to deter-
mine upon which bank of the stream his farm lay. Late in
the evening we arrived at White-House Landing, remaining
on board until morning.
Early the 31st, the scene was animating as viewed from
our deck. Troops debarked, and, quickly forming, move d
out to the fields beyond to make room for others, w hile large
groups clustered under a tree near the ruins of the Custis
mansion, giving away to undisguised hilarity. At this
mansion Washington had plied his courtship with Widow
Custis, but all that remained of the mansion’s former gran-
deur was a desolate chimney. Traces of Sheridan’s raid ten
days previous lay about, with sickening effluvia, while half-
burned ties, and twisted rails, told of former pretensions as
& railroad station.
Our march to the front began about three P.M., through,
rather than over, roads so powdered that our course could
be traced by rising columns of dust in front and rear,
which, in settling, reduced features, uniform, and foliage to
one common gray. The heat was terrible, not a breath of
air relieving its intensity. Sweat trickled down our dusty
faces, and our tongues were parched by the quantities of
dust inhaled. Occasional traces of mounds remained over
the hastily-buried dead of the peninsula campaign, but with-
out a name or distinguishing mar k. Deep reverber: itions were
heard through the forests in quick succession, reminding us
the deadly fray still progressed, and that the Union comm: ander
was in earnest, when he said, ‘‘1 intend to fight it out on
this line, if it takes all summer!” It is said that Alexander
the Great when charged by Darius with wanton aggression,
replied, **I am master of Asia; if you care to debate the
296 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
point, do so like a man on the field of battle. I shall take
care to find you wherever you are.” Our modern Alexander
believed in the superior courage and endurance of the Union
army, and was convinced that the battles of the Army of the
Potomac had never been fought through. Satisfied with
their invincible spirit, Gen’l Grant gave notice to the enemy
that he was master of Virginia, and that he should debate the
point only in battle, taking care to find them wherever they
were.
About eleven o’clock P M., we bivouacked at New Castle,
but, on the morning of June Ist, received orders from Gen’!
Grant to report at New Cold Harbor. This was the original
intention, but a clerical error in the order received at White-
House Landing, substituted «* New Castle” for ** New Cold
©
Harbor. The error was a costly one, not so much from the
inconvenience and fatigue of the additional march, as, had
we arrived the night previous, we could have seized impor-
tant positions in advance of the rebels, and avoided the
fearful loss afterward sustained in attempting to recapture
them. A forced march of twenty miles was made, under a
scorching sun, over a road ground to powder by the tramp of
Sheridan’s cavalry the day previous, and through a country
fetid with putrefying carcasses of animals, the stench from
which was sickening and intolerable.
The morale of the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. was such
that Capt. Denny, Provost Marshal of the Eighteenth Corps,
commanding the rear guard, reported only four stragglers
from our numbers. At three Pp. M. we came upon the rear
of the Sixth Corps at Old Church, eleven miles from Rich-
mond, this force being en route from the right to the extreme
left of the Army of the Potomac.
The Army of the Potomac was the nation’s idol. Into it,
more than any other army, had been poured unstinted
treasures and supplies; but divided counsels, and a wily
foe, had loaded it with misfortunes. It consisted of vete-
THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. 297
rans, many of whom considered the services of other Eastern
troops pastime and skirmishing, compared with that exacted
of them. Their numbers exceeded that of all other Eastern
divisions combined, and the strife and carnage attending
their engagements seemed to belittle the contests of less
ow Rit en
pretentious forces. They had endured long and fatiguing
marches, and their courage and endurance had been equal to
the most trying emergencies. Every field, from the Poto-
mac to the Chickahominy, had drank deep of their life-blood,
and though discouraged by frequent and disastrous defeats,
they never shrank from meeting the enemy. As Gen'l
Palfrey well says: ‘‘ Its story is a sad one, for it was always
better than its commander, and marched and fought,
endured and achieved, rarely animated by victory.” It is
not to be wondered at, with such convictions and experi-
ences, this army discounted the services of a corps formed
from troops along the coast, and greeted us sarcastically,
‘* Hallo! Parlor Soldiers ! ”
The Army of the Potomac was directly in front, with the
Sixth Corps taking position, four columns deep, at the left,
near New Cold Harbor. Warren’s Fifth Corps rested with its
left on Woody’s farm, a mile north of Gaines’ Mill road, and
its right near Bethesda Church. Burnside’s Ninth Corps,
With line deflected to the rear, and right, rested near Gil-
man’s Mills, while Hancock’s Second Corps was at the
extreme right, advantageously situated to protect the flank,
or act as a reserve. The whole line extended, irregularly,
eight miles, with Sheridan’s Cavalry on the left, and
Wilson’s at the right. We copy the following from Gen’
Smith’s report : at
‘* The converging lines at Cold Harbor rendered its occupation
of inestimable value, and Gen’l Sheridan was ordered on the 31st
to seize the position with his cavalry, and hold it until the arrival
of the Sixth and Eighteenth Corps, who were ordered to his sup-
298 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
port. Accordingly, on the morning of the Ist, he oceupied the
place, after a sharp encounter.
“Gen’l Lee, realizing the value of the strategical point, had
been hastening forward Longstreet’s Corps, and at the time of our
arrival, was pressing Gen’l Sheridan at all points with overwhelm-
ing numbers. The arrival of the Eighteenth Corps was opportune
to his veterans, whose prowess still held the enemy at bay, and
who had been expecting us, with no knowledge of the cause of
our delay. The precise terms of my orders was ‘ to hold the road
from Cold Harbor to Bethesda Church, and to co-operate with the
Sixth Corps in an attack.’ The attenuated line of the left, with
character of my instructions, led me to act on the latter part of
instructions.
Gen’l Smith advanced the Eighteenth Corps, in a single
line, to unite with the forces on either side, — Devens’
Division on the left, Brooks in centre, and Martindale at the
right. Devens’ and Brooks’ Divisions relieved the right of
the Sixth Corps, and, charging upon the enemy, drove them
from the works, capturing five hundred prisoners; but,
being unable to hold their advance, were driven back, with
a loss of about eight hundred killed and wounded. A por-
tion of Martindale’s Division was ordered to their support,
but. darkness intervened, and the order was countermanded.
On the arrival of the Twenty-Seventh Mass Regt. at Cold
Harbor, Companies F and H were deployed, and, advancing
through a belt of woods and marsh, were soon sharply
engaged with the enemy. Here they remained during the
night, subjected to scathing volleys, with a loss of John W.
Madison, of Westfield, wounded through the shoulder, and
of Daniel B. Pomeroy (Granville), of Company F, mortally
wounded in the side. Madison was wounded in the left lung,
the ball lodging near the shoulder-blade. The ball forced
a piece of his rubber blanket, one inch wide and one and one-
half inches long, into his lung, which remained there five
q
years and three months, when he succeeded in coughing it
PROMPTLY AT WORK. 299
up. The ball still remains. He now resides at Hatfield,
Mass. About dark, the rest of the regiment took position
at the left, supporting Devens’ Division, near Rickett’s
Division of the Sixth Corps. From this point the Twenty-
Seventh Mass. marched through a strip of timber, and,
pressing to the extreme front, relieved Drake’s New York
Brigade. The position was in a ploughed field, subjected
lo an enfilading fire from the enemy’s works, from which
frequent sorties were made on us during the night. A
heavy rain converted the field to a sea of mud, in which
we laid down, to protect ourselves from the missiles of death.
Such was the introduction of the Eighteenth Corps and of
the T'wenty-Seventh Regiment to the Army of the Potomac.
During the night, Hancock’s Corps moved to the extreme left,
with orders for the Ninth Corps to follow, but the movement
was detected by Gen’l Lee, and the latter corps was attacked
SO vigorously that its removal was delayed until the 5th
Inst.
rt . e > .
I'he following letter, picked up by one of our men on this
field, is too suggestive to need comment : —
o>
My Saintep Love, —If the Yankee cusses will let. me alone, I
will write you. U.S. Grant is a “ bull-dog,” and Meade a match
for the d—l. No matter how deep we get into the woods, the
Yanks are sure to find us. They fight more fiercely than I have
“ver seen them before. They build strong works, and then our
brave officers order us to charge them. We have done so, and
Set h—] every time. My dear, you will excuse this langnage, for
if you were here you would say h—I, too. Do not blame me, my
Sainted love, but I really wish I was out of this army and joined to
you in the holy bond of matrimony.
I must close ; the Yankees are coming.
Truly your own,
J. GRAHAM,
St CU. S. A,
At early light a now unknown brigade relieved Compa-
nies F and H of the Twenty-Seventh Mass., and a part of
300 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Devens’ Division relieved the remainder of the regiment,
when Major Walker retired to seek the former companies.
Under cover of darkness the enemy succeeded in con-
structing and occupying an advanced line of rifle-pits, and
opened a cross-fire upon the position captured by Barton’s
Brigade the night previous. While cooking our morning
rations, a major of Gen’l Devens’ staff rode up in haste,
ordering the Twenty-Seventh Mass. to Barton's assist-
ance, and offering to lead us to position. After making
a short detour through some woods to the right, and into a
newly cleared field, we were suddenly attacked by the enemy
under cover of woods in front. The first volley cut our
lines seriously. Fortunately the felled timber afforded some
protection to our men. After holding this position for a
short time, we were enabled to reach the cover of the woods,
where we remained until afternoon, when Major Walker re-
turned with orders to rejoin the brigade. Of this engage-
ment Capt. Caswell, temporarily in command of the Twenty-
Seventh Regiment, writes :—
‘¢ Whether the enemy had taken a new position unknown to
the officer directing us, or that he had lost the exact position, or
directions, I am unable to say. He was at the head of the regi-
ment near me when we were fired upon, but, from that moment, [
have never seen or heard from him. ... I
we could reach a position eight or ten rods to the right, we would
be out of the enemy’s range, and succeeded in reaching it without
further loss.’’
The loss to the Twenty-Seventh Regiment was four killed
and fourteen wounded, most of whom fell by the first
volley :—
KILLED.
Roti Cowes, Amherst, Company D; throat cut; grape shot.
Eruraim Marsa, Jr., Leverett, Company D.
Cuartes D. Mutiet, Amherst, Company D.
Ropo.pnus L. Baker, Company E.
soon discovered if
A GENERAL ASSAULT ORDERED.
WOUNDED.
Company B.— William A. Brizzee, Hubbardston ; shot in thigh,
shoulder and left leg.
Company C.— Dwight Russell, Amherst ; finger.
Company D.—Sergt. Ptolemy P. Cutler, Amherst, both legs
and thigh ; fatal.
Sergt. Edward B. Dickinson, Amherst; hip and head ; slight.
Seret. John F. Russell, Hadley; shoulder, side and thigh ;
fatal.
Sergt. Simeon E. Preston, Amherst; head ; sli
Private Watson E. Carr, Huntington ; left leg,1
Private Marshall A. Cowles, Hadley; hand.
Private Henry Hawley, Amherst; left ankle; severe.
Private Henry B. Sears, Amherst ; right thigh.
Private Frederick H. Smith, Hadley ; right arm.
Company F.—Private Hiram Spooner, Southampton; abdo-
men; fatal.
Company I. — Private Homer R. King, Ludlow ; chin ; slight.
Company K.— Private William H. Fuller, Chicopee; leg and
abdomen ; fatal.
rht.
a)
a
.
icht foot ; fatal.
«
©
Orders were issued for a general assault along the entire
line at 4.30 Pp. M., but owing to a tempest of wind and rain
the time was changed to half-past four the following morn-
ing. It was well that mortal vision could not penetrate the
veil that hid the morrow. Thousands lay down that night
to their last earthly sleep, and tens of thousands to a rest
whose reveille would be acall «« to arms,” for ere another sun
Should cast its rays upon them, these fields would reek with
human gore. Such hours were rich in thoughts of home.
All the letters at hand were read and re-read by flickering
lights, until every word was traced upon the heart and every
stroke of the pen seemed eloquent with love. These letters
were then committed to the flames, so that no misfortune
could place them in treacherous hands. Little packages,
taken from the inner pocket, were carefully unfolded, and a
302 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
long look taken of the dear ones at home. Strong men
sat pale and thoughtful, forming resolutions, the effects
of which were to be seen in the morrow’s contest. A few
were apparently hilarious and thoughtless. One by one they
laid themselves upon the ground and were soon lost in slum-
ber. Sleep, brave comrades! the morning’s struggle will
call for all your courage and strength.
Says Gen’l Smith, in a letter to the author, ‘‘ A circular
order was received on the evening of June 2, 1864, requiring
all corps commanders to attack the enemy in their front at
4.30 a. mM. the next day. There was no plan of battle, and
no concert of action, and the result might have been pre-
dicted. I lost too many good men there ever to forget the
battle.”
The rain still fell; a dark, gloomy morning ushering in the
3d of June. At early dawn, the Twenty-Seventh Regiment
was quietly awakened, and, hastily disposing of ‘‘ hard-tack
and coffee,” marched in advance of the brigade, to the extreme
left of the Eighteenth Corps, near Getty’s position, of the
Sixth Corps. Passing under cover of a wooded elevation,
into a ravine with a small ‘* run,” we followed it until we
reached the edge of the woods, in plain sight of the enemy’s
works. A terrific artillery combat soon opened from Han-
cock’s left to the extreme right, under cover of which we
countermarched, obliquely, wp another ravine, and imme-
diately deployed as skirmishers. Quickly advancing up the
bank of the ravine, and over its crest, we encountered and
drove the enemy’s pickets from two lines of rifle-pits into
their main works, one hundred yards distant. Here they
opened a raking fire, before which it was madness to ad-
vance, and we crouched behind the enemy’s works, in re-
verse. Comrades De Forrest and Richards, of Company F,
were killed in this movement. It was a position trying the
stoutest hearts. Before us, on a commanding eminence,
were the enemy’s works, with salients near our right and left,
THE FIELD OF COLD HARBOR. 303
and with centre well refused. Behind them lay Gen. Hill's
rebel corps, with nine stands of colors in view, and giving
blows with a mailed hand upon our slender column. Mid-
way, between the fire of contending hosts, we crouched be-
hind the captured ‘ rifle-pits,” the air rent with an unearthly
contest.
Gen’l Smith, who had fixed his headquarters upon a hil-
lock covered with trees, about five hundred yards to the
rear, came to the position where the brigade was forming,
and held a hurried conversation with Gen’ls Martindale and
Stannard, during which our artillery ceased firing, and ** the
recall” was sounded for the Twenty-Seventh Regiment.
The position assigned for assault was a commanding one,
at the right of a road leading from Cold Harbor to Gaines’
Mills, and constituted the key to the enemy’s position. It
was considered the most desirable route for advance, either
directly upon Richmond or for a flank movement to the left
across the Chickahominy. The position of the two armies,
reversed, was essentially the same as occupied by them in
the battle of Gaines’ Mills, June 27, 1862. The fields be-
tween the armies were undulating, with ravines, hillocks, and
timber, but for the most part arable and recently ploughed.
Across the field, fifteen hundred yards from our works, was a
Serrated line of pine woods skirting the crest of a low hill, along
which, a year previous, the enemy had constructed perma-
hent and formidable works of logs and sarth, which, at this
time, were ereen with sod. In front of these were two
lines of redans and curvettes, one hundred and three hun-
dred yards distant, the latter bordering a ravine which ran
southwesterly and obliquely to the enemy’s works. The
crest of this ravine was fringed with brush, and the field
interlying, dotted with stunted oaks. Back of this was the
hillock occupied by Gen’l Smith during the engagement ;
then a ravine, near which many of our dead were buried ;
then a cleared space of one hundred yards, followed by
304 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
woods, in front of which was a line of intrenchments cap-
tured June lst; beyond, another cleared field, and on the
opposite side, the position of the Eighteenth Corps previous
to the assault.
The enemy’s position was some fifteen feet higher than the
field in front, and was supported by such a force as to ren-
der it fairly impregnable. Military usage, as taught and
practised hitherto, would have shunned such a fastness, for
nothing but dire necessity justifies the hurling of men
against such a wall. Von Moltke, the German chieftain of
the Franco-German war, was wont to assault such places by
successive approaches with strong lines of skirmishers.
Every advance was held, until succeeding lines of skirmish-
ers had brought forward his entire force. This was repeated
until the Germans were able to get so near as to charge
with their whole army over a very limited space, or, aS was
often the case, until they held the works of the French in
reverse. It is possible that a vastly superior army In num-
bers, might have secured the reduction of this stronghold by
attrition, but a reasonable economy of life would have sug-
gested approaches or more extended siege operations, or the
forcing of its evacuation by flank movements, as more
humane. It is stated that Gen’l Grant has included this
charge of June 3d, at Cold Harbor, as ‘‘one of the three
mistakes of the war.”
The Star Brigade was formed in double column, the
Twenty-Seventh Mass., Major Walker, and the Twenty-Fifth
Mass., Col. Pickett, forming the first line, supported by the
Twenty-Third Mass., Col. Elwell, and_ the Fifty-Fifth
Penn., Capt. Nesbitt, the whole brigade hardly exceeding
six hundred men. The Ninth New Jersey Regiment failed
to participate, their transport having grounded in coming up
the river. :
As the Twenty-Seventh Mass. took position, Capt. E. K.
Wilcox of Company I —aide-de-camp to Gen’l Stannard —
FEARFUL AND FRUITLESS CHARGE. 05
came forward to the left of the line, and against protest, de-
clared his purpose to join the regiment in the assault. The
line was speedily formed, when Gen’l Smith’s voice rang out
on the morning air, ‘‘ Forward!” The brigade with a shout
sprang up the hill, over the crest and the first line of rifle-
pits, into the riven field. Forward, struggling like mad-
dened billows amongst breakers, —mown down by scores,
— but onward, till the second line of rifle-pits are reached ;
ver and the gallant men like a wave shorn of its strength,
sink under the terrible storm. Again they struggle to
Coo
| Me ~ ° m * . a . ,
reast the iron hail, crouching to escape its fury, for that
rigade had never learned to acknowledge defeat in the open
field
“ Thrice the assailants shook them free,
Once gained their feet, and twice their knee,”
till the crumbling ranks sank under the withering fire, unable
to reach the goal, or retrace their steps to friendly shelter.
‘Into ten mortal minutes was crowded an age of action,
ten minutes of the figment men call time, and yet that scant
space decided a battle. There are a thousand details, ten
thousand episodes, but the essential was this, —that first rush
Carried our force butt up against a line of works which we
were unable to break, or, if broken, hold. Conceive the
Herce onslaught, midst deafening volleys of musketry, thun-
derings of artillery, and the wild, mad yell of battle ; see
the ranks mown down as they contend for every inch they
advance, until the lines crumble and break before the iron
tempest. Conceive of all this, and you will then be able to
Individualize acts as they occurred along the line.” Each
man in the ** Star Brigade” was a host, and the sum of
their heroism an immortal action. It was a repetition of the
lustrous charge of the Light Brigade at Balaklava, whose
heroic action Tennyson has so vividly set forth, and which,
aptly, with little change, has been applied to this action, in
Lo,
Denny’s «* Wearing the Blue.”
306 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
“ Forward the Star Brigade!
Was there a soul dismayed?
Not though the soldier knew
Some one had blundered.
Theirs not to make reply,
Theirs not to reason why,
Theirs but to do or die,
Into the field of Death
Charged the six hundred.
‘Cannon to right of them,
Cannon to left of them,
Cannon in front of them,
Volleyed and thundered ;
Stormed at with shot and shell,
Boldly they charged, and well,
Into the jaws of Death,
Into the mouth of Hell,
Charged the six hundred.”
It was almost impossible to move and live, the lifting of a
head or hand being a signal for volleys of musketry. Many
lay surrounded by the dead, which they so arranged as to
make defences, behind which the living might crouch their
heads, and escape the plunging fire of the adversary. ‘Trees
of considerable size were so riddled by
fell before the storm. The surface of the field see
a boiling caldron, from the incessant pattering and plough-
ing of shot, which raised the dirt in geysers and spitting
sands. Some of the wounded attempted to work back to
the ravine during the day, but only a few succeeded.
Doubtless many of those who died would have been saved,
could their wounds have been cared for. Major Walker and
Capt. Wilcox were instantly killed as they passed the last
line of rifle-pits, the first by a rifle-ball through his neck,
the latter pierced by several fatal shots. Both were at the
head of the column cheering their men onward. So thick
were the dead, and such the necessity that the living should
appear to be so, that one of our men lay a considerable time
RETURNING FROM THE CHARGE. 307
ween knowing all were dead about him. The second line
bg. lwenty-Third Mass. and Fifty-Fifth Penn.) with ae
ee : rete. as failed to pass the rifle-pits, fell behind
: arth-works in reverse, and stubbornly resisted all
attempts of the enemy to advance.
r
rhus ay pass
| is the day passed till darkness spread its pall over the
scene, when
“ They that had fought so well,
Came thro’ the jaws of Death,
Back from the mouth of Hell,
All that was left of them ;
Left of six hundred.”
le grapes : passed the brave Sixth Corps, crowds of
greeted us in cordial sympathy, exclaiming, ‘* If you
na parlor soldiers, you charge and fight like hd 1” We
mtg a bloody ettistion into the Army of the
ve essa bys that time the Star Brigade was in full stand-
sith yh 1e army, and we heard nothing more of ‘* parlor
ia sive The whole army had been ordered to advance, on
odes Seas ae se rite neither prae te agri of
while: | SS was possible. Hancock’s Second Corps
moved to the extreme left the day previous, assailed
the enemy near Watts Hill, o
, gaining a temporary advantage,
but
were 0 eaeae oe ne :
aided forced to retire with a heavy loss. Gen’l Tyler
tair 1 car colonels were killed. Barlow’s Division sus-
“ined the br : A 3
srunt of the battle at that point; McKeon’s
>
ona bene Division fought with conspicuous gal-
Corps, wal earners! ee sp = ery pina spninx
made no ids cxudian Part ue ec ivy high sie
their front. Warren ee oe me a aley powtes a
some unaccountable aie eRe - a paar gory. wane for
8s dade ses — 984 reason, Burnside s Ninth Corps failed
tiitaniceek : bernoon. ne ee allowed the concen-
TI :S pot tion of Hill’s Corps upon us.
The Eighteenth Corps constituted the centre of the
]
308 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
army, and had a most important part assigned them.
Two years previous, Gen'l McClellan held the heights
on our front, unfortified; and, though the enemy were
massed in double column, and were hurled against the posi-
tion with desperate fury, it was arried only after two days’
struggle, by an army double our own, and with terrible loss.
p contestants was now reversed, with the
The position of the
rantage to the enemy, of heavy and permanent
additional ad
fortifications. They were fighting with the desperation born
air, in their last Thermopyle before reaching the
It was an evidence of the disci-
ssault
of desp
defences of their capital.
pline and courage of the Union arms, that such an a
The loss sustained in three days, had been
regate strength of the Eighteenth Corps.
s reported, was seventeen hundred and five
could be made.
equal to the agg
The official loss a
killed, nine thousand and forty-two wounded, and twenty-
four hundred and six prisoners, an aggregate loss to our
army of thirteen thousand one hundred and fifty-three men ;
while that of the enemy (confessedly correct) was about
eleven hundred. The loss of the Eighteenth Corps was
about three thousand, and that of the Star Brigade three
hundred and forty-seven men, or more than half its effective
" PY SC eas sat
strength. A few hours after the first assault, Gen’l Meade
sent orders to each corps commander to renew the assault.
The order passed from corps to divisions, brigades and regi-
ments, but not a man stirred, the ‘mmobile columns making
a silent but emphatic protest against further sacrifice.
It is worthy of record as to the confidence of the com-
manding general in the Star Brigade, that when Gen’l Smith
received orders to assault this position, he was ordered
to select his best brigade. None other would do, as it is
customary to select for storming columns the elite of the
army. Gen’l Smith remarked just before the charge, ‘‘ It is
simply an order to slaughter my best troops! I have no
discretion left me.”
OPINIONS AS TO THE CHARGE. 309
The ‘¢ Herald” correspondent wrote upon the field:
‘* Stannard’s Brigade (Heckman’s old command) again cov-
ered itself with glory, charging across an open field, and
through dense woods filled with the enemy and continuous
lines of rifle-pits. The slaughter was terrible, but they held
their position through the day. A perfect hail of musket-
balls and shell, poured down on those devoted men, and re-
peated charges were made to drive them from their advanced
Position, but with a tenacity and courage that deserves to be
immortalized, they held their ground until the enemy gave
up in despair.” Another wrote: ‘‘ Stannard and Stedman’s
Brigades, of Martindale’s Division, lost heavily. They were
in the hottest of the fight, and advanced to the second line of
the enemy’s works. Stannard proved a worthy successor of
the fighting Heckman, and the old brigade, under his orders,
again covered itself with glory. Genl. Stannard, though
wounded, refused to leave the field.” Still another corre-
spondent wrote: ‘* The results were equally disastrous to
our whole line, and only the Eighteenth Corps succeeded in
making any decided advance in their lines, and retaining it.
A rebel major, while viewing the carnage of the field, during
the truce of the 7th, remarked to Surgeon Fish of the
Twenty-Seventh, ‘¢Tt was one of the bravest and most use-
less charges I ever witnessed.”
The losses of the Massachusetts regiments in the Star
Brigade were as follows:
Twenty-Third Mass. Regt., three killed, forty-six wound-
ed, five prisoners.
Twenty-Fifth Mass. Regt., fifty-three killed, one hundred
and thirty-nine wounded, twenty-eight prisoners.
T'wenty-Seventh Mass. Regt., fifteen killed, sixty-five
wounded, four prisoners.
We append a detailed account of the ‘asualities of the
Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. : —
amin i a eas
on
310 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
KILLED.
Maj. Wittram A. Waker, Greenfield.
Capt. Epwarp K. Wi.cox, Springfield.
Lieut. Samurt Morse, Chicopee.
Company D.
Dwicut Barrett, Belchertown; Henry E Porter, Hadley.
Company E.
Henry Grover, Douglas; James E. Tompson, Monterey.
Company F.
Harvey DeForest, Lee; Reusen A. RICHARDS, Springfield.
Company G.
Sergt. Epwin C. Henpricks, Chicopee ; Sergt. Irvin CHAPIN,
Chicopee.
Company FH.
Levi Epson, Amherst ; JoHn Burin, Cheshire.
Company I.
Evanp Merrirt, Palmer.
Company K.
Davin Botro, Pittsfield.
W OUNDED.
Company A.
Corp. Frederick Jessimine, Westhampton; abdomen, fatal.
Company B.
Capt. A. W. Caswell, Gardner ; slight.
Sergt. Albert D. Pond, Athol; left thigh. George H. Dodge,
Leverett; left thigh, fatal. Thomas Barbour, Easthampton, con-
tusion.
Company C.
William B. Saxton, Deerfield; leg, flesh wound, serious.
Patrick Bain, Jr., Deerfield; contusion, thigh, severe. John
Richards, Hatfield ; left arm and side, flesh wound, right knee and
thigh amputated, fatai.
GERARD TERE. 6°02
WOUNDED AT COLD HARBOR.
Company D.
Capt. P. S. Bailey, Springfield ; right leg, slight.
Sergt. Edward B. Dickinson, Amherst; forehead, figures ‘
driven into the skull.
Corp. Chester Dickinson, Jr., Amherst; right arm. Corp.
Medad Vinton, Amherst; leg. Lewis H. Freeman, New Salem ;
head. William W. Lind, Granby; head, slight. Cornelius
O’Connor, Amherst; head. Jacob L. Rust, Amherst; finger am-
putated.
Company LE.
Lieut. H. Smith Newell, Chicopee; right leg, severe.
Corp. William W. Cummings, Warren; foot, slight. Martin
Gaitley, Lanesborough; wrist. Rufus Groat, Pittsfield; leg and
right hand. John H. Hewitt, Monterey ; abdomen, fatal. Joseph
Ww. Huntley, Great Barrington ; slight. Augustus H. Martin,
Lenox; arm.
Company F.
Capt. John W. Moore, Tolland ; temple, slight.
Seret. Hiram G. Everton, Westfield; thigh and finger, slight.
Seret. George W. Cone, Westfield; side, contusion. Sergt.
George F. Green, Granville; right ear. Sergt. Charles H. Pratt,
Tolland ; right forefinger. Sergt. Calvin J. Treat, Granville ; leg.
Corp. Daniel W. Bates, Southampton ; stomach, contusion.
John W. Brewer, Granville; wrist, slight. Emerson J. Cowles,
Westfield ; left lung, fatal. Louis H. Fuller, Northampton ; foot.
Chauncey P. Howe, Granville; slight. Michael Horrigan, Tol-
land; shoulder, severe. Stephen W. Knox, Granville ;. right hip,
severe. George Manning, Lenox; abdomen, severe. Leroy 5.
Oakes, Dana; fingers, slight. Francis Sackett, Ashburnham ;
hand, severe. George M. Searle, Westfield ; slight. Edward N.
Smith, Huntington ; chest, severe. Charles W. Territt, Granville ;
left side, severe; Ward I. Vining, Southwick; finger, slight ;
George Welcome, Southwick ; leg, slight. George Welcome, Jr.,
Southwick ; head, slight.
Company G.
Sergt. George Chalmers, Holyoke ; left leg, flesh wound. George
S. Lombard, Chicopee ;_ shoulder, contusion. Michael Murphy,
rs)
312 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Chicopee; slight. Isaac Smith, Northampton; groin, severe.
William D. Steele, Chicopee; thigh. Ebenezer Sherman, Chico-
pee; slight.
Company H.
Capt. William McKay, Adams; foot, slight.
Corp. Joseph M. Montgomery, Adams; right shoulder. Dennis
Dillworth, Adams; finger. William J. Lowell, Worcester; back,
slight.
Company I.
Lieut. William F. Harrington, Pittsfield; right arm, severe.
Philander Pike; back, severe. Daniel R. Sanger; both thighs,
severe. James Waters; shoulder, slight.
Company K.
Sergt. Charles F. Hale; hand, slight. Orrin Burlingame, Jr. ;
leg, slight. Frederick Gutberlet; right elbow, fatal. Jerry Har-
rington, 1st; finger, slight. George R. Ring; finger, slight.
Thomas A. Ring; face, slight.
PRISONERS.
Sergt. Joseph H. Cowles, Company E, Mount Washington.
Private Levi Bosquet, Company E, Becket. Private Chauncey
P. Howe, Company F, Granville. Private Ebenezer Sherman,
Company E, Chicopee.
Masor WiturAmM A. WALKER
was born at Portsmouth, N. H., in 1828. His parents,
William and Elizabeth Perley Walker, were descendants of
New Hampshire’s earliest settlers, and were devout members
of the Methodist Church. Their children, however, were
brought up under the ministrations of the Unitarian Church,
Rev. A. P. Peabody, pastor. Deacon John Foster, superin-
tendent of the Sunday school, did much to give direction and
strength to Major Walker’s character. After graduating at
Portsmouth high school, he removed to Boston and entered the
house of E. V. Ashton & Co., then under charge of Daniel
>
Haskell, Esq., who afterwards became the honored editor of
LE RO PCC RE ILE A 5 MLE CREEL: I eG ITAL LGE AS SUNT INE SE LOR MT IN Pit
CAPT. E. K. WILCOX. 313
the Boston ‘ Transcript.” Major Walker connected himself
with the State militia, and held a commission therein. He
was also deeply interested in the Boston Mercantile Library,
and at one time was its vice-president. From Boston he re-
moved to Greenfield, where he was identified with religious
and educational interests, and was an enthusiastic worker in
the Sunday school, and a valued member of the general school
committee. He was in active sympathy with all that was
intended to promote the welfare of the young. When the
war broke out. he aided in the enlistment of the Greenfield
company, and was commissioned captain, withassignment to
that company. He was at no time absent from his command
upon the field, save at Drewry’s Bluff, ‘from which place he
had returned to camp at Cobb’s Hill, expecting to rejoin his
Command the following morning. Although laboring under
& presentiment of the fatal consequence of the contest at
Cold Harbor, he was at the head of the column, cheering on
his men, when he fell, mortally wounded. Major Walker
Was of a thoughtful mind, with a quiet reserve, which was
often mistaken for coldness and dissociability ; but to those
who knew him best, it was but the shrinking of a refined na-
ture from the immoralities and repulsive concomitants of
war. He indulged in no ribaldry, nor tolerated it with even
tacit approval in his presence. His action on the field
resulted from principle and consecrated patriotism, rather
than from a love of adventure and recklessness. As a result,
What he did was well done; and if there were no lustrous
actions to mark him in history, neither were there any mis-
takes or shortcomings for which to condone.
Capt. E. K. Wicox.
Edward Kirk Wilcox, son of O. W. and Mary Ann Wil-
Cox, was born at Springfield, Aug. 24,1841. He fitted for
college at Williston Seminary, Easthampton, and with Alex-
ander Hyde, Esq., of Lee, entering Williams in 1858, but
314 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
after two years decided upon a business instead of a profes-
sional life, and was temporarily with his father at Springfield.
He was of the first to enlist at his country’s call, and mus-
tered as sergeant-major of the Tenth Massachusetts Regiment,
June 21, 1861, marching with them to the front. Upon the
organization of the Twenty-Seventh Regiment he was ap-
pointed first lieutenant, and assigned to Company I, Capt.
Henry A. Hubbard. On account of the sickness and early
death of his captain, he was in command of the company in
all its North Carolina service, and was promoted captain, Feb.
13, 1862. Indifferent to danger, he was a spirited leader,
with coolness and efficiency, inspiring his men by his own
demeanor. He was with the regiment on provost duty at
Norfolk, during the winter of ’63 and ’64, but upon the or-
ganization of the ‘* Red Star Brigade,” was appointed acting
assistant adjutant general on Brig. Gen’l C. A. Heckman’s
staff. After reaching Bermuda Hundreds, he was appointed
aide-de-camp to Gen’l Weitzel commanding the Second
Division, Eighteenth Army Corps, and participated in all the
actions of the Army of the James. Of the battle of Drewry’s
Bluff, May 16, 1864, he wrote, ‘‘ It was the hardest fight |
ever was in. How I escaped I cannot tell, as I was under
fire seven or eight hours carrying orders into the thickest of
the fight.”
May 17th, Gen’l Stannard assumed command of the bri-
gade, and Capt. Wilcox was transferred to his staff as acting
assistant adjutant general First Brigade, First Division,
Eighteenth Army Corps. May 30th, the Eighteenth Army
Corps started for White-House Landing, effecting a junction
with the Army of the Potomac at Cold Harbor on the eve of
June Ist. Stannard’s Brigade was led immediately into
action, and its frequent changes and the nature of its ser-
vice, rendered Capt. Wilcox’s duties incessant and onerous.
Says Durfee’s ‘‘ Annals of Williams College :” ** It so hap-
pened that as he was passing through his regiment, the morn-
LIEUT. SAMUEL MORSE. 315
ing of the 3d, a charge was ordered.” Unconsciously, this
does not do him full credit ; it did not happen. Instructions
as to the charge had passed through his hands at three o’clock
the day previous, and he was there from plan and purpose.
He placed himself in front of the line, when one of his broth-
er officers said, ‘* Coxey, go back where you belong ; this is
no place for you!” to which he replied, ‘«I am going with
you; my place is where I can serve my country.” When
Gen’l Smith’s voice rang out on the morning air, “* Forward!”
with a ringing cheer and call to his men, he dashed forward,
foremost of all. Gaining the enemy’s curvettes, he dashed
Over them in advance of the column, with his face set on the
enemy’s main line just in front, when he fell pierced with
a dozen bullets. ‘*Coxey,” as he was generally known,
was popular, genial, courteous and affable. His urbanity,
frankness and kindness, insured lasting friendship. His
often expressed preference was, that he might be allowed to
return to his command, and share with them the honors and
dangers of the field. His name is now borne by Post 16,
Grand Army of the Republic, Springfield, Mass., an excel-
lent painting of him gracing their hall.
Lieut. Samuel Morse enlisted from Chicopee as the first
Sergeant of Company G, and re-enlisted Dec. 23, 1863. He
Was commissioned as a second lieutenant Dec. 8, 1869. We
have no knowledge of his parentage, Or early life, but we
‘an speak of him as a royal comrade. Asa soldier he was
faithful to duty, and courageous on the field; and as an
Officer was conspicuous and daring. He fell at the extreme
front, beyond the captured rifle-pits.
Capt. Moore was in command of the left wing of the reg-
iment, and to avoid the leaden hail, dropped upon the ground
near a small pine tree; in this position he was grazed by :
musket-ball on the left temple and foot, while another shot
passed through his coat between his body and left arm.
316 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. TRYING TO AID OUR WOUNDED. 317
handkerchiefs or lint attached to sticks and stones cast to
them for use. Evervthing was done which ingenuity or
Corp. Cowles of Company F, was lying by the side of
Capt. Moore, when, seeing a rebel expose himself above the
works, he said, ‘‘ Captain, ’m going for him!” He fired
and the Johnnie dropped, but in an instant a storm of bul-
lets poured around him, one of which pierced Cowles’ left
lung. Comrade Cowles died at the Harwood Hospital,
Washington, D. C., June 27, 1874. Corp. Frederick Jessi-
man of Company A, received a fatal wound in his abdomen,
and was the last member of that company present for duty.
Comrade Jessiman was a faithful, conscientious, unassuming
soldier. He died at White-House Landing, June 8, 1865,
and sleeps with the great army of ‘‘ unknown United States
soldiers.”
Much of the fatality of this field might have been avert-
ed, but for the enemy refusing to honor a truce until the
7th, when the sickening stench from the dead compelled them
to accede to our request for ‘‘ an opportunity to remove our
wounded, and bury our dead.” No valid reason was given
for this heartless delay, and the feeling prevailed — perhaps
unchavitably — that it was that suffering, exposure and neg-
lect, might complete the deadly work of their rifles. Vari-
ous expedients were resorted to for removing our wounded,
some being reached under cover of darkness, others aided
by comrades who crept up to them, and though forced to re-
main prostrate, aided them to the rear. Others were so far to
the front, and so covered by the enemy’s fire, that trenching
was resorted to, while now and then some brave soldier
picked up a wounded comrade, and by a wonderful provi-
dence, reached the rear unharmed. Over the crash of arms
same the wail of the wounded, with cries for aid, and many
efforts were made to relieve their wants. ‘The great cry was
for water, ‘‘Give me some water/” ‘+QOh! if I only had
some water!” for the pain of the wound is often forgotten
in the thirst caused by the loss of blood. Canteens of water
were thrown to our suffering comrades where possible, and
bravery could devise, to relieve their sufferings, and many
heroic acts might be narrated, were it not invidious where
all were heroes. Every effort to succor the wounded was at
the peril of the life or limb of him who made it.
Here, for the first time, we met, and went into action under
the eyes of two home regiments. Gen’l Eustis’ Brigade, of
Getty’s Division, Sixth Corps, consisted of the Seventh,
Tenth and Thirty-Seventh Mass., and Second Rhode Island
Regiments. The Tenth Mass. were completing their term
of enlistment, with thirtecn engagements inscribed on their
Standard, and a record of which they were justly proud.
Their experience from the outset had been with the Army of
the Potomac, having shared its varied fortunes. The Thirty-
Seventh Mass., Col. Oliver Edwards, left the State Sept. 7,
1862, and though younger by sixteen months than the Tenth
Mass., its record challenged any claim of precedence or ex-
Its escutcheons already bore the
cessive valor by its elder.
hard contested fields of. Fredericksburg, Salem Heights,
Gettysburg, Wilderness and Spottsylvania, with many of
lesser note, and was destined to bear all the future contests
of the Army of the Potomac, until a glorious victory should
crown their labors. These regiments for the first time were
Permitted to see the mettle of the Twenty-Seventh Mass.,
and exulted in its valor with a pride akin to that awakened
by their own achievements. Said one of the members of
the Thirty-Seventh Regiment to the writer, ‘*‘ It was one
of the most terrible charges I ever witnessed, and, as I
Saw great gaps in your line closed up, and the terrible
Struggle against that desolating fire continued, my manhood
deserted me. I gave away to tears, — tears of sorrow for
the terrible carnage ; tears of pride that we boasted a com-
mon ancestry.”
318 ‘TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Thus closed a month that had told fearfully on our effec-
tive and numerical strength. May 4th we left Yorktown
with seven hundred and forty-four men for duty, but at roll-
call the night of June 3d, only five officers and seventy-
eight men responded to their names. Two hundred and
thirty had been killed or wounded, two hundred fifty-three
taken prisoners, leaving one hundred and seventy-eight who
had broken down in service, or were on detached duty, as
pioneers, teamsters, in the ordinance department or ambu-
lance corps. Many of the ‘‘ special duty men” were now
called back to the regiment, so that by the 7th inst., four off-
cers and one hundred and sixty-one men reported for duty.
After being relieved the evening of the 3d, we rejoined
our division at the centre of the Eighteenth Corps, occupying
advance fortifications, and exposed to continual fire, which
made necessary unusual care in moving about our position.
During the night the enemy made several sorties and kept
up a merciless fire, causing Capt. Caswell, now commanding
the regiment, to send for reinforcements. We succeeded,
however, in holding our position unaided during the night.
We were sharply engaged during much of the 4th, and
Lieut. E. H. Coombs fell mortally wounded, with Thomas
W. Norton of (Springfield) Co. E, wounded in the thigh,
and John R. Ryan of (Lee) Co. E, wounded in the foot.
Lieut. Epcar H. Coomss,
)
Or, as he was better known, ‘* Sergt. Coombs,” was mus-
tered into the United States service, from Lee, Oct. 1, 1861,
as first sergeant of Company E, and re-enlisted Dee. 23,
1863. He was an active participant in all the engagements
of our regiment, and hitherto had escaped unharmed.
He had just received a commission as second lieutenant,
dated April 18, 1864, but under which he had not mustered.
While sitting behind a tree, drinking a cup of coffee, a rifle-
x tein i ah = ‘ ee ee
a aa SS ape Se gS ee gee Naa Sa aera TUNE
LIEUT. FRED. C. WRIGHT. 319
ball glanced from a limb above and crushed through his
skull, near the coronal suture, sinking into the brain. He
was removed to the regimental hospital, but all efforts to
arouse him from carus seemed fruitless, until his friend
Amos F. Whittaker began removing his valuables for safe-
keeping. As a ring was being taken from his little finger,
he gave the only sign of consciousness, by rubbing his
thumb over the place where it had been. Its associations
could only be surmised, but his thoughts evidently clustered
around it to his latest moments. After a few hours of un-
conscious suffering, he passed away, and his body was buried
upon the field. He rests with the great army of the ‘‘ un-
known,” but there is no more sacred vault for the nation’s
martyred dead than the fields which their deeds and life-
blood have consecrated.
June 5th, as Lieut. F. C. Wright, acting adjutant of the
regiment, was engaged in the defence of our position, a rifle-
ball inflicted a fatal wound in his right thigh.
Lieut. FREDERICK CLARK WRIGHT
Was born at Northampton, Mass., March 25, 1839. He
ras the fourth son of Ansel and Elizabeth Bullens Wright,
and was in direct descent from the earliest settlers of Mas-
Sachusetts Colony. His early life was shaded by years of
Sickness and debility, retarding his development physically
and intellectually. Later he overcame his physical weak-
ness, rapidly acquiring proficiency equal to his years, and
becoming a general favorite with his companions in the
militia and fire companies of his native town. In the hour
of his country’s need, impelled by a sense of duty, and in
Sympathy with a popular movement, he found little difficulty
in deciding his course. He was mustered into service June
21, 1861, as a private of Company C, Tenth Mass. Regt.
Vol. Infantry, and went with them to the front. Serving in
320 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
the ranks until October, 1861, he received a commission as
second lieutenant, with assigument to Company G, Twenty-
Seventh Mass. Regt., and also Oct. 30, 1862, merited pro-
motion to first lieutenant of Company K.. Duty with him
was pre-eminent, and was discharged from a high sense of
honor and patriotism.
Lieut. Wright was popular as an officer and associate, and
with those intimate with him the opinion prevailed that in
his subordinate position he was hardly at his best. Whether
as a company officer, acting adjutant, quartermaster, or
‘¢chief of harbor police” at Norfolk, Va., he was more than
ordinarily efficient and successful. In action he was cool
and daring, and never willingly away when his regiment
was engaged in battle. Absent at the beginning of the siege
of Little Washington, he was satisfied only when he had run
the enemy’s batteries and rejoined his company. At Drewry’s
Bluff, when most of the regiment, and his own company,
were captured, he bravely fought his way out, escaping with
a trifling wound in the ankle. June 3d he was in the thick-
est of the battle, and now fell at the extreme front. As he
was borne to the rear, an officer of the regiment exclaimed,
with tears, ‘*‘ One more of our bravest and best!” His wound
was dressed without removing the ball, by Surgeon Fish, one
of his closest friends, and from the first was considered mor-
tal. He was removed to Arlington Hospital, Arlington, Va.,
where he was attended by his brother, Ansel Wright. Later,
typhoid pneumonia intervened, which, with the weakness
and exhaustion caused by his wound, terminated his life,
June 27, 1864. His body was taken to his native town,
and buried with civic and masonic honors.
The enemy continued a brisk fire upon our position, the
5th and 6th of June, with several fruitless attempts to dis-
lodge our men. ‘The reply of the Twenty-Seventh was,
however, as sharp as the assault, and held the enemy in
check along our front. Finding it impossible to dislodge us,
TRUCE TO BURY THE DEAD. 3?1
the enemy opened with mortars, dropping shell in uncom-
fortable proximity, and interfering seriously with the move-
ment of our ammunition and supplies. Bombproofs and
gopher holes were constructed to protect those not on
duty, and these men, while safely ensconced in their retreat,
indulged in laughter and wit over the unceremonious move-
ments and shyings of comrades along the works.
There is a flexibility in man which yields to the unavoid-
able, relieving much of its sufferings, and extracting sweet
from every bitter experience.’ This adaptation of our sol-
diers to varied experiences, with a perennial flow of good
humor, gave stamina and courage to the army. The effects
of the battle must terminate with the battle, in order to
nerve the men for future conflicts. Soldiers, like machines,
are not to question, but obey. Manhood and intellect were
subordinated, in enlistment, to a great end. Others were to
think and direct. There can be no doubt but that intelligence
and thoughtfulness made better soldiers, as comprehending
the importance of movements contemplated, yet it is the
duty of a soldier to act, and not ask the reason, why?
After sharp skirmishing on the 7th, the enemy agreed
to a truce for burying the dead; only two hours were
allowed for this sad and herculean task. Four days of
sun and rain, with the severe heat of summer, had passed
Over our slain, and the air was laden with insufferable
putrescence. We breathed it in every breath, tasted it in
the food we ate and water we drank. What seemed intol-
erable to us, was doubly so to the enemy, from their
nearness to the dead, and from the fact that the prevailing
Winds, wafting over the field, carried the fumes directly
to them. The granting of the truce was a necessity rather
than a virtue. Along the lines white flags were flying,
and the enemy, with little else to do, were lounging about,
With coarse and unfeeling jokes, such as, ‘‘ You uns got
it right smart, I reckon.” Corp. Weiser, of Company F,
322 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
and six men were detailed to assist in the sepulchral
work, and, under Surgeon Fish, repaired to the scene of
our contest of June 3d.
The ground was strewn with bloated and discolored forms,
every feature so distorted that recognition from this source
was impossible. Major Walker's body was found lying in
front of the advance line of works, head to the foe, and was
recognized by Surgeon Fish by his haversack and by papers in
his pockets. He called a party of bearers, engaged in re-
moving the dead, and placed the body on a stretcher. The
surgeon then turned to an officer near by to ask ‘* where they
were burying the officers,” but on looking back found to his
distress that the bearers had disappeared with the body.
Midst the rapid-moving crowd it was impossible to recognize
the parties bearing the body, and every means to recover
It was impossible to cen-
sed so far as to
Capt. Wilcox’s
the remains proved unavailing.
sure any one, as decomposition had progres
leave the remains in a loathsome state.
body was recovered, and buried by members of Gen’l Stan-
nard’s staff. Lieut. Morse was also identified and buried.
The recognition of the private soldiers was almost impos-
sible from the similarity of uniforms, excessive decomposi-
tion, and the great haste required. Unless papers or orna-
ments on their persons revealed their identity, they were
buried as «« Unknown.” Now and then some poor wounded
one was found, in all the horrors of a living death. For
four long days and nights they had remained upon that
field, with ghastly wounds, without food, water or care, and
surrounded by remains exuding a stifling stench. Who can
MEANS TO RECOGNIZE THE DEAD. 323
S] . T ; 77 : 4 had
side by side, with such winding-sheets as their blankets
afforded.
“The old army blanket, the shroud-destined blanket,
Which e’en to the lust served the martyr so well.” — Peck.
As the sepulchral work progressed, the notes of a dirge
unutterably mournful and sad, came floating over the field
from the bands within our lines. This requiem was our only
Service for the dead.
The utmost haste failed to entomb the immense mass of
our slain, before a signal-gun gave notice that the ‘* truce had
expired.” At the next gun the dogs of war would be let
loose upon any remaining on the field, and hence our burial
party hastily retired. A few moments later we were again
engaged in the deadly fray. Those comrades participating
In the burial were so overcome by the stench as to be unfit
for duty for several days. From the one hundred and fifty-
five thousand graves of the ‘* Unknown ” buried on our
battle-fields and in our national cemeteries, comes the de-
mand that our country should adopt some expedient for the
recognition of her dead; if no better, the affixing of an
official number to their names at state and national head-
quarters, which number should be attached to some pro-
tected portion of the clothing of each man, as a means of
Identification. This method was adopted during the last
Prussian war, with good results. It had been the practice
with the Twenty-Seventh Mass., when in camp, to write the
hame of the deceased, and, after enclosing it in a vial se-
curely corked, to bury it with the remains. ‘This plan had
depict the terrible sufferings of those long, long hours of
horror, or the intense joy with which —if reason was not
unthroned —they received the rough but hearty care now
given them? Nature gave but few the endurance to bridge
such an awful chasm, so that the work was chiefly with the
dead. Long trenches were dug, in which they were laid,
also been adopted by the Fifth Corps Hospital under Dr.
Reams. Such a practice throughout our army, or better,
perhaps, the two plans combined, would have made it pos-
Sible to have recognized all our dead upon the field or in the
Subsequent work of gathering them into national cemeteries,
324 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
To narrate the experiences of each day would be to repeat
the story of marchings and countermarchings from front to
rear, and from right to left, subjected to a fire which was
hardly less annoying at the rear than at the front. ‘* Spent
balls” at the rear were glancing and richochetting in every
direction, and ‘* mortar shells” dropping where and when
least expected; from neither of which could we find full
protection. At the front the shots came direct, and, with
watchfulness, the rifle-pits were effective defence against
them. There is no doubt that our terrible repulse had given
Gen’l Lee’s army new courage and prestige. Flaming tele-
grams and dispatches were constantly being sent to Rich-
mond, recounting the courage and victories of their troops,
with the terrible carnage suffered by the Yankees. On the
evening of June 9th, a rebel band in Longstreet’s Corps
xame to the front, and in a tantalizing way discoursed their
national airs, which were responded to by Union bands with
?
our national airs and ‘‘ Rally round the Flag.” This music
was as good as medicine to our worn troops, and for a time
the sound of strife gave place to a musical sozrée:
“ Her unoffending charms
Had quelled the savage clash of arms.”
Our position, the evening of the 9th, was within pistol-shot
of the enemy, the shells of both forces rushing a mad race
over our heads. The previous night one officer and thirteen
men had been killed or wounded here by one. of our own
shells ; and the consequent insecurity of this position was
not at all reassuring. The Eighty-Ninth New York Volun-
teer Regiment of infantry, an old acquintance of the Burn-
side Expedition, had now been added to the Star Brigade,
giving it an effective strength of about nine hundred men.
With this addition we were able to hold our position against
the most determined assaults of the enemy. Joseph Mattis
SANITARY AND CHRISTIAN COMMISSIONS. 325
of Windsor, Company E, was wounded during the day by a
musket-ball upon the head and right ear. June 11th the
Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. was detailed as sharpshooters,
relieving the One Hundred and Forty-Eighth New York
Regiment of Stedman’s Brigade. We soon acquainted our-
selves with the positions and tricks of the enemy’s sharp-
shooters, who, like many of our men, were in the trees,
picking off any who showed their heads above the defences.
It was the work of only a few moments to place every tree
under surveillance, and every puff under the cover of a
dozen muskets. It was ‘‘ Greek mit Greek” the entire day,
in which our men providentially escaped unharmed.
Volumes of thrilling interest might be written of the work
of comfort and consolation by the Sanitary and Christian
Commissions, during these days of our country’s peril. The
Sanitary Commission gave material aid, and prepared the
way for the other. Rev. Dr. H. W. Bellows, it is said, was
the original mover for this Commission, and when he pre-
sented the matter to Secretary of War Stanton, the latter
received him coldly, saying, ‘I hate philanthropists!”
Dr. Bellows quickly replied, ‘* And I hate generals! But I
mean bogus generals, and you mean bogus philanthropists.”
Stanton’s opposition was thus disarmed, and an order per-
mitting its work granted. It was henceforth the great chan-
nel through which the homes of the North reached their sons
in the field. The supplies offered through this medium were
as broad and deep as the love and patriotism of the loyal North.
While the main object of the Sanitary Commission was to
relieve suffering, it also sought to prevent sickness by con-
tributions for those in active service. Large quantities of
vegetables were forwarded to the front to relieve a tendency
to disease, which the want of them had caused. The work
of the Christian Commission was to minister to the religious
wants of the army, supplementing the work of the chaplains,
and supplying their place when there were none. Their dis-
326 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
tinctive field was in the hospitals, or among the wounded at
the rear. Kneeling beside the sick or wounded to assuage
pain, they extended the consolations of the gospel of Christ,
and supplicated for spirits passing into eternity. They re-
ceived the last message and token for the loved ones at
home; tenderly holding the hand as the spirit fled, and
closing the eyes in its last long sleep. Many a home was
cheered through them by news from the wounded, and re-
joiced that there were those willing to do the work — in the
name of the Master, — which they were denied the oppor-
tunity to do.
The results of June 3d, proving that Richmond could
not be taken in that direction, led Gen’l Grant to decide
on a movement which had been contemplated from the
first; —that of uniting the Armies of the Potomac and
James. Burnside’s and Warren’s Corps were successively
withdrawn from the right, and placed in reserve, short-
ening our front to four miles, and leaving the Eighteenth
Corps as the right flank. Sheridan’s Cavalry were started
off, as a diversion, to destroy the Virginia Central Railroad,
and co-operate with Gen’l Hunter at Lynchburg; while our
line was gradually advanced as if intending another assault.
June 12th, the army formed almost a square, with its left
resting upon the Chickahominy, and its position strongly
entrenched. Early in the evening, Wilson’s Cavalry and
the Fifth Corps were moved across the Chickahominy at
Long Bridge, and strongly posted through White Oak Swamp.
The rest of the army —save the Eighteenth Corps — fol-
lowed quietly and rapidly, and reached the James River at
Wilcox Landing, without opposition, June 15th. The Eigh-
teenth Corps also received instructions to return to White
House Landing where transports were awaiting them. A
strong line of cavalry, with horses tethered conveniently near,
replaced the infantry along the entire front, and continued
the contest until nearly dawn, when they hastily mounted
Ao ois; aaememe ee
ea WM
TO INET STARE RSL ARO HE I
AN IMPORTANT MOVEMENT. 327
and pressed after the column to the James. So stealthy and
successful was the movement, that no suspicion entered the
mind of Gen’l Lee of our intention, until the morning
we
revealed our deserted fields.
328 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
CHAPTER XVI.
SIEGE OF PETERSBURG.
At nine o’clock, the evening of June 12th, the Twenty-
Seventh Mass. quietly abandoned the position last noted at
Cold Harbor, and made a forced march of twenty miles through
suffocating dust, arriving at White-House Landing at six
o'clock, the morning of the 13th. Here we lay down upon
the grass under cover of the gunboats, enjoying refreshing
and needed rest; when, late in the afternoon, we embarked
upon the steamer ‘‘ Claymont.” Stiff and sore from the
march of the previous night, and worn by continuous ser-
vice, the men threw themselves upon the deck and were soon
unconscious of the heat of the sun, or the varied scenery
through which they passed. During the march to White-
House Landing, Peter Wilson was taken prisoner, but
eluded the vigilance of his captors, and made his way to the
Sixth Corps on their march to the James, and rejoined our
regiment before Petersburg. The fleet rendezvoused at
Yorktown till three a.m., the 14th, passed Fortress Monroe
two hours later, Fort Powhattan, a relic of 1607, about three
p.M. ; and Harrison’s Landing at five P ., arriving at Broad-
way Landing about nine p.m., where the troops immediately
debarked.
The criticism that this change of base was a tacit admis-
sion of defeat, and that Gen’l Grant could have reached
City Point without loss, instead of sacrificing eighty thou-
sand men, while having the humanity of the argument, loses
sight of the following material considerations; the necessity
*
CONFIDENCE RESTORED. 329
of re-establishing confidence in our arms; of crushing the
esprit de corps, the numerical force, and the material re-
sources of the enemy; and also that the movement now
made was contemplated from the first. The Army of the
Potomac, for more than a year, had gone into battle with
a depressing doubt, rather than with the inspiration and
expectation of victory. They were invincible against, but
insufficient for victorious assault. In the field the armies
had met like two opposing seas, and in the recoil each had
suffered so severely that at the most it could only be claimed
‘‘ they had checked the enemy.” The Confederates had
unbounded confidence in their commanding general, and
in spite of misfortunes, contemptuously left our army in its
defences along the Rappahannock, and annually engaged in
devastating raids in Pennsylvania and Maryland. They
were equal to any sacrifice, and fearlessly coped with any
force, with an enthusiasm seemingly beyond the reach of
our arms.
Before the battle of Cold Harbor, all this had been re-
versed. Invincibility and valor were now the animating
spirits of the Union army, and while the rebel army fought
fiercely, they refused a contest save with the greatest odds,
or behind the strongest fortifications. Gen’l Grant’s instruc-
tions to Gen’! Butler were also significant, as appears from his
words, . . . ‘*the necessity of covering Washington .. .
makes it impossible to unite the forces at the beginning of
any move. .... Should the enemy be forced into their
intrenchments in Richmond, the Army of the Potomac
would follow, and by means of transports, the two armies
would become a unit.” With Lee’s original force around
the city of Petersburg, we could not have secured or held a
foothold before its fortifications. All was now changed, for,
when trusting on shorter lines to strengthen threatened
points, Lee detached a corps for the annual raid upon Mary-
land, he found his arm paralyzed and the attempted diver-
330 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
sion futile. The confidence and numerical strength of the
rebel army were destroyed, and though it was capable of
effective defence, the struggle was continued, as Gen’l Lee
admitted, only to improve the terms of surrender.
At two o’clock a.m. June 15th, the Twenty-Seventh Mass.
Regt., with the Star Brigade, moved across the Appomattox
River on pontons at Point of Rocks, the Twenty-Fifth Mass.
inadvance. Here the Eighteenth Corps united with Hincks’
Colored and Kautz’ Cavalry Divisions, the entire force being
under command of Maj. Gen’l W. F. Smith, with Peters-
burg as its objective point. After some delay, Kautz’ Cav-
alry moved to the left, well out to the Norfolk and Peters-
burg Railroad; Hincks’ Division to the Jordan Point turn-
pike, supported by Brooks’ Second Division, Eighteenth
Army Corps; while Martindale’s First Division, with the
Star Brigade at the front, followed the Appomattox or
Petersburg turnpike. With this arrangement, the force ad-
vanced without opposition until about nine o’clock, when
Martindale’s Division encountered the enemy’s pickets near
the railroad crossing, and slowly drove them to their works.
Our whole force was deployed and advanced in line of
battle, each organization furnishing its own skirmishers.
Martindale’s right rested near the Appomattox River, fol-
lowed in order by Brooks and Hincks, with Kautz’ Cav-
alry at the left flank. We advanced through tangled
thickets, swamps, ravines and open undulating fields, until
a shell from the front warned us that we were approaching
the rebel defences.
The Star Brigade was on the right of the City Point Rail-
road and the Twenty-Seventh Mass. upon, the left of the
turnpike, about two miles from Petersburg, whose spires
were visible from our position. Cautiously advancing
through a considerable thicket, we emerged into an open
field, half a mile from and in full view of the enemy’s
works. On a bluff at the left was a fort commanding the
ARRIVAL BEFORE PETERSBURG, VA. 331
railroad, known to the enemy as Battery Five, which opened
a fierce fire of shot, shell and canister upon us as we ad-
vanced. An hour later we moved at double-quick across a
deep ditch into a position covered by a slight elevation with
scattering timber, to avoid the enemy’s fire, which had
already inflicted a loss upon the Twenty-Seventh Mass.
Regt. of eleven men severely wounded. Among the first
wounded was Corp. H. H. Weiser, Company F, Westfield,
whose arm was shattered by a cannon-ball near the shoulder,
inflicting a mortal wound. The opposing works consisted of
strong redans connected with Battery Five on the bluff by
a line of rifle-pits. The field intervening was a low meadow
cut by ditches and ravines, with the railroad piercing it at
the left, and was completely covered by hostile guns. The
position was naturally strong, and if defended by a deter-
mined force, could have been carried only by most desperate
valor and frightful carnage. The enemy's centre and left
were even stronger than in front of Martindale’s Divi-
sion,
The surroundings and defences were so entirely different
from that indicated in information given Gen’! Smith, that
it required considerable time to arrange our forces for as-
sault. The distance intervening between the armies was such
that infantry was yet unavailable, and the crossing of such a
field so forbidding, that Gen’l Smith deemed it prudent to
delay attack until the arrival of our artillery, which, unfortu-
nately, did not reach us till about seven o’clock in the
evening. The troops were forced to hold position, mean-
time, under a terrific fire from Battery Five, and a battery
of Napoleon guns in the meadow on the banks of the Appo-
mattox River, at our right, the latter enfilading our posi-
tion.
During this delay narrated, Private H of Company
—, of our regiment, was sitting in the shade with his
back to the enemy, about ten feet from where Gen’l Stan-
332 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
nard was standing. Against the jeers of his comrades, and
in spite of the fatigue, H had clung to his knapsack in
all our movements, and at this time had it strapped upon
his back. A six-pound shot came ricochetting along the
ground, hitting the knapsack, and sending its owner sprawl-
ing upon the ground. On picking himself up, H , in a
wild, confused manner, felt for his head and then his knap-
sack, and, to the boys’ assurance that he was still safe, re-
sponded with a sickly smile. Gen’l Stannard, seeing he was
all right, exclaimed, ‘‘ That’s a mighty lucky knapsack, boy ! ”
‘¢ Yes,” responded H , *¢and Lalways carry it!” There
was no use of arguing the knapsack question with H
after that.
A cloud of battle still crested the enemy’s works, when,
at seven o’clock, a battery of twelve-pounders at our left
and rear, opened upon the enemy. This was a battery from
Hancock’s Corps, and its perfect execution was greeted with
most enthusiastic cheers. Under cover of this fire Gen’'l
Smith, to save slaughter by a movement in force, advanced
a strong line of skirmishers from each division, with instruc-
tion to force the enemy’s position if possible. Advancing
at double-quick, under a terrible fire, they cleared the
ditches, ravines, and meadow, forward and onward, until,
to the surprise of all, they scaled the enemy’s works and
turned the captured guns on the retreating foe. A shout of
victory rent the air, and the entire force sprang forward with
an enthusiastic rush to their support. The Star Brigade
captured the redans on their front and two Napoleon guns.
Hincks’ Colored Division fought nobly, capturing the works
on their front and several hundred prisoners. Burnham’s
Brigade captured Battery Five on the bluff, with two hun-
dred prisoners and eleven guns. It was now quite dark,
and for reasons which will appear, Gen’l Smith gave orders
to hold our position and bivouac for the night. The casual-
WOUNDED JUNE FIFTEENTH. 333
ties of the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. during the day
were :
Capt. William McKay ; left side; slight.
Company B.— Corp. William B. W. Bliss, New Salem; contu-
Sion, leg.
Company C. — Silas Cowles, Hadley ; through both hips; fatal.
Sidney Davis, Northampton; slight. Madison R. Olds, Hadley ;
contusion, left thigh.
Company E.— William A. Keep, Otis ; contusion, right foot.
Company F.— Corp. H. H. Weiser, Westfield ; right arm ; fatal.
Company G.— Ephraim Wilson, Pittsfield; contusion, left
Shoulder.
Company H.— Corp. Joseph H. Montgomery, Adams; contu-
Sion, thigh.
Company K.— Charles A. Willard, Springfield ; left leg, severe.
While the Eighteenth Corps had been thus engaged, the
Army of the Potomac had succeeded in reaching James
River at Wilcox Landing without material opposition, and
were crossing by pontons to Windmill Point, Hancock’s
Second Corps had the advance, with orders to reach Harri-
son’s Creek on the City Point R.R. as speedily as possible.
From defective maps this corps was led astray and did not
reach supporting distance of Gen’l Smith until orders sus-
Pending operations for the day had been executed. Gen'l
Hancock, waiving seniority of rank, offered the co-operation
of his corps to continue the advance, which Gen’l Smith did
not think it wise to accept. Petersburg could still have been
captured the morning of the 16th, and doubtless would have
been but for an order of Gen’l Meade’s to ‘‘ await the arrival
of the Ninth Corps” (Gen’l Burnside), which he said might
be expected by the middle of the forenoon. This corps did
not arrive in position until afternoon, and this delay proved
fatal. During the afternoon the rebel troops were seen
2.
334 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. MATTER IN DISPUTE.
Gen’l Smith in his report, after detailing the opera-
tions of the day, says: ** We had thus broken through the
strong line of rebel works, but heavy darkness was upon
us, and I had heard some hours before that Lee’s army
was rapidly crossing at Drewry’s Bluff. I deemed it wiser
to hold what we had, than by attempting to reach the
bridges at Petersburg, to lose what we had gained, and
have the troops meet with a disaster. I knew also that
some portion of the Army of the Potomac was coming to
aid us, and therefore the troops were placed so as to occupy
the commanding positions and wait for daylight.” In cor-
roboration of Gen’l Smith’s information it is an assured
fact that Hoke’s Division crossed the James at Drewry’s
Bluff quite early the morning of the 15th, and took position
in the rebel works before Petersburg about eight o’clock
across the Appomattox pouring toward Petersburg; and
when the advance was made, instead of raw recruits of old
men and boys to oppose us, their works were defended by
Lee’s veteran troops. That a great mistake had been made
xannot be denied; but, with facts from history, it is easier
to accuse Gen’l Smith, than to prove neglect or inefliciency
at a time when information and appearances were so mis-
leading. The truth evidently is, there should be a division
of responsibility.
Gen’l Grant, in his report upon this action, criticises
Gen’l Smith, claiming that ‘‘ our advance confronted the
enemy’s pickets before daylight, and that the attack was
needlessly delayed, and, when made, might have been
pressed to a successful occupation of Petersburg; asserting
the night was clear, the moon shining brightly, and favora-
ble for further operations.” In the interest of impartial his- that evening; so that, had we advanced, we should have
tory it should be said that all the information with which found the works now manned by veteran troops. With
Gen’l Smith had been furnished proved singularly incorrect Subsequent information, however, there is ground to believe
as to the position and strength of the enemy and the routes to an assault by the Union forces might have resulted in the
their works. This was true, also, of that furnished to Gen’l capture of Petersburg. So far as the arrival on the field
Hancock, who, to co-operate, was ordered to ‘° take position of Gen’l Smith’s Corps may be a matter in dispute, ow?
on the City Point Railroad where it crosses Harrison’s Creek,” memoranda indicate a slight skirmish with the enemy at the
which creek was miles away, and far within the enemy’s railroad crossing about nine a. M.; near the field an hour
lines. This error led to considerable delay in his column later ; exposed to a severe artillery fire at eleven A.M.; an
reaching the field of action. On file in the War Department Order for a charge issued at twelve M., but delayed from
is a paper on matters relative to this movement, which has *a lack of artillery.
this endorsement by Gen’l Meade: ‘* Had Gen’l Hancock or In obedience of Gen’l Smith’s order to hold our position
myself known Petersburg was to be attacked (that day) for the night the Twenty-Seventh Mass. bivouacked near
Petersburg would have fallen.” This shows that in-addition the captured works, but soon after dark the entire regiment
The night was uneventful to us,
to inaccurate and inadequate knowledge, there was no gen- was ordered on picket.
eral understanding that a combined attack was to be made, one of our men sarcastically, yet truthfully, remarking,
° a a . ° . a) . oe : Pi id at a
and in the absence of specific instructions, Gen’l Smith was ‘‘The Johnnies are too busy fixing another line for us.
At the left, during the evening, there was a sharp engage-
ment for a short time, when everything lapsed into- perfect
quiet. On the morning of the 16th, as indicated, Gen'l
bound to act according to his best judgment, even though it
should afterward prove erroneous.
===
oe
aa, te.
—s
ee mt aE a TE
336 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Meade being present, assumed command, delaying the ad-
vance until late in the afternoon, at which time a consider-
able part of the Army of the Potomac was in position
before Petersburg. By the best information we can get,
Beauregard was now in command at Petersburg with four-
teen thousand veteran troops and a few emergency men,
Lee and the remnant of the rebel army not reaching there
until the morning of the 18th. The enemy maintained a
harassing fire of artillery on our position during the entire
day, but without reply from our forces. At six o’clock P.M.
a general artillery engagement opened along the line, under
which the Twenty-Seventh Regiment, with others, moved
forward as a diversion, in favor of an attack at the left by
the Second and Ninth Corps. The engagement lasted most
of the night, with questionable success. At eleven o’clock
our regiment returned to its position in line, and bivouacked
for the night. The 17th we held our position under the
enemy’s guns without loss. A general assault was ordered
for June 18th.
At half-past three the Twenty-Seventh Mass. awoke
from the fitful slumbers of the soldier, and partaking of
their scanty repast (commissary supplies were very short
at the time), fell into line two hundred and three strong.
At nine o’clock a.m., the order to advance was given,
and the first line of rebel works was carried by us with-
out determined opposition. A deafening contest right and *
left convinced us the enemy had been surprised on our front,
but were disposed to yield elsewhere only to superior force.
To avail himself of the vantage we had gained upon the
enemy’s flank, Gen’l Martindale decided to assault the
enemy’s new position some half a mile in advance, and
by noon had deployed his troops for that purpose. The
Twenty-Seventh was halted on a knoll near the Appomat-
tox, within rifle-shot of the enemy’s works, and as an attack
was imminent, with orders that none should leave the ranks.
PRR RIAN sr Kon
NEMO Re RC AICTE 8
READY FOR ANOTHER ASSAULT. 337
Col. Pace’s residence, known as Greencroft, with a ‘‘ well-
Sweep” just in front, was too great a temptation, however,
for gnawing stomachs and parched throats. Many of our
men risked the enemy’s fire which swept the surroundings,
and succeeded in quenching their thirst with delicious water.
A table in the house, laden with fragments of the morn-
Ing’s repast, afforded a few crumbs of comfort, and in about
as little time as required to tell it, all were back in position,
Without a misgiving for their disobedience.
At one o’clock we charged forward, capturing a second
line from the enemy, driving them into their main works,
% short distance in front. The heat of the sun was intense,
While the smoke of battle rolled over us from Burnside on
the left, clinging close to the ground and obscuring our
surroundings. The enemy now massing on our front,
poured in a heavy fire of artillery and musketry, under
Which, begrimed with powder, smoke and dust, we hugged
and almost burrowed the earth for safety. Stedman’s Bri-
gade and the Eighty-Ninth New York, of the Star Brigade,
Were ordered to assault the enemy’s position, but after a
gallant charge were repulsed and obliged to lie down, un-
able to return, from the fierceness of the enemy’s fire.
‘ Brigade present, consisted of the Twenty-Seventh
Capt. John W. Moore, commanding; the Eighty-
Ninth New York, Col. Fairchild; Ninth New Jersey, Col.
McChesney ; andthe Fifty-Fifth Pennsylvania, Capt. Hill.
The TI'wenty-Fifth Mass., Capt. Parkhurst, had been tem-
Porarily- detached the day previous for service near the
‘iver; while the Twenty-Third Mass., Col. Elwell, was
left at Point of Rocks the 15th, and did not rejoin the
brigade until the 20th inst.
At two o’clock Lieut. James H. Fowler of the Twenty-
Seventh Mass., now aid to Gen’l Stannard, brought orders
for the Twenty-Seventh Mass. and Fifty-Fifth Penn. Regi-
ments to carry forward and align upon the right of the
338 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Eighty-Ninth New York, who were three hundred yards In
advance, and to charge the enemy’s works. The Twenty-
Seventh sprang to arms, charged at double-quick up an abrupt
ascent, over a high fence beyond the crest, down to an open
field covered with half-grown oats, but with no evidence of the
force before us with which we were seeking to align. Still
the order was ‘‘ Forward!” and nerved by an irresistible
impulse and an unswerving courage, the advance continued
into the grain, our course trailed with mangled forms of
dead and dying. Onward, till every officer but Lieut. Jill-
son was wounded, and he endeavoring to aid Lieut. Cooley
from the field. Onward—under sergeants, till these too
had been almost annihilated, when a sweeping volley from
the enemy at close range brought the depleted ranks to the
sarth like reeds before a tempest. As by a common impulse
all dropped into the friendly cover of the grain, which se-
creted us sufficiently to protect us from the enemy’s aim.
Endurance, courage and valor had been taxed to their utmost,
but in vain.
Capt. Moore, our commander, was wounded soon after
passing the fence, followed in quick succession by Capt.
McKay and Lieut. Cooley. The bodies of Sergts. Meacham,
Brewer and Calwell, with Corpls. Eggleston and Oaks and
other slain, with scores of wounded, marked our perilous
advance. The two Brewer brothers, of Company F, lay
near each other in the embrace of death, having fallen
within a few seconds of each other; Bolio, Dunakin and
Prior, of Company D, were lying near by. We seemed
in danger of utter extinction. A furrow through the field
served us well as a partial protection from the enemy’s
fire, while cups and bayonets were briskly used to draw
the earth from under us, and place it on the exposed side.
Others again, sought shelter behind fallen comrades, and
strengthened the human breastwork by throwing dirt against
the bodies. While lying on the field Sergt. (afterwards
OUR ASSAULT JUNE EIGHTEENTH. 339
Lieut.) E. L. Peck made the following memorandum in his
diary. <‘¢ A charge and a repulse. Awful slaughter! We
are literally cut to pieces. Ten are killed outright and are
lying near me. Many are in the agonies of death ; not an
officer left; bullets flying like hailstones; here I lie, my
knapsack in front of me as a protection from bullets. Some
are heaping up earth against them for protection. The
cries and groans of the wounded and dying are awful.
They lie scattered around, and we cannot help them. To
raise our heads is sure death. Iam half choked. Shall die
by some means or other soon, by bullets or sunstroke.”
It seemed as if the sun were standing still a second time,
and this time for the benefit of the Amorites. Napoleon
never longed for night to come at Waterloo with more
arnestness than these battle stayed soldiers on that fatal
field. To advance was death or capture; to retreat would
but double the loss already sustained. While the waving
grain concealed us from the enemy, it also prevented the
air from reaching us, so that we almost broiled under the
rays of the sun. At length darkness came, and we stealth-
ily gathered our dead and wounded, and moved to the rear.
Sergt. Major Henry W. Tryon of Granville, though wounded
severely in the leg, and unable to walk, refused assistance,
that others, more unfortunate might be cared for ; and also
because of the exposure such efforts would entail upon those
caring for him. He crawled back, dragging his wounded
limb, until within reach of the ambulance corps. DSergt.
Hiram Everton of Westfield was in advance of most of the
regiment, and was wounded by a Minie-ball passing entirely
through his body, just above the hip. Sergt. Everton was
One of the best soldiers in the regiment, and though never
absent from our engagements, had escaped unharmed until
now. With characteristic courage he endured his suffer-
ings until dark, when with his gun for a crutch, he hobbled
back to the lines, and was carried to the hospital. Comrade
a
Se
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acetone
ng CR RATA aT
pansion
—=
a cea a ee
ce Set Peg DH AB ct ene arenes
Sasi ear a eta
340 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. WOUNDED JUNE EIGHTEENTH. 341
Everton survived his wound until Sept. 27, 1881. Search Company D. — William D. Brackett, Blandford; lower jaw and
for the wounded and the burial of our dead occupied much of neck, severe. Charles A. Pettingill, Belchertown; arm, slight.
Our James A. Preston, Amherst; right shoulder, severe. Elmer P.
Snow, Springfield; eye, slight. William H. Snow, Springfield ;
both legs, severe.
the night, as the enemy were constantly on the alert.
dead were buried in a ravine in front of the Greencroft
mansion, from which we started at nine o’clock. Sergts. . ‘
vi Company E. —Charles H. Davis, Pittsfield ; right arm, hip, and
gland ee ans een ere nae woe "y nes body, fatal. Thomas Jones, Great Barrington ; hand, amputated.
Lieut. “Jillson’ was ordered ‘by Gen'l Stannard to remain Company F. — Lieut. S. P. Cooley, Granville ; left shoulder and
near the headquarters of the brigade, and gather any of the side, severe. Sergt. Hiram G. Everton, Westfield ; through the
regiment who might return, and then report to him for duty. body. Charles H. Allison, Springfield; both thighs, severe. Wil-
Knowing the men would be famished from hunger, Lieut. liam H. Bush, Westfield; head, severe. Alfred Holcomb, South-
Jillson procured and cooked rations in readiness for them, wick; leg and finger. Malachi Horner, Southwick ; left leg, flesh
and rallied the regiment just in front of Greencroft dur- wound. Henry Walker, Sandisfield. Peter Wilson, Southwick ;
ing the night. Our casualties for the day proved to have groin.
: s ) : ~ Nutting. } ¢ sft shoulder
been eleven killed and twenty-eight wounded. Company G. — Corp. F. E. Nutting, Northampton, le Mad
severe. Edward Bride, Northampton ; leg and arm, flesh. Aretas
Walters, Holyoke; shoulder. Lewis Wellspeak, Springfield ; arm
KILLED. ; and leg, slight.
Company H.— Capt. William McKay, Adams ; left side.
Company D.— Levis M. Borro, Amherst; shot in head. stb : licht
Company I. — Arthur N. Hotchkiss, Springfield ; elbow, slight.
Henry Dunakin, Hadley; shot in head. Frep. S. Prior, Had- i
ast abies lice, | Marshall G. Rice, Springfield ; left foot, amputated.
. 4 to ri Springfield ; head and left
Company £.—Sergt. Grorce W. Brewer, Great Barrington ; Company K.— Patrick Harrington, Spring eld ;
shot in breast. arm, severe. Samuel L. Sherman, hand, slight.
Company F'.— Corp. C. T. Eaaieston, Westfield ; shot through
side. CuHarires C. Brewer, Granville; shot in breast. Joun W.
Capt. John W. Moore was wounded by a musket-ball in
Brewer, Granville; shot in head. Leroy S. Oaxs, Dana; shot the left hand. Lieut. Sherman P. Cooley of Granville,
in head. was wounded severely in the side, under the pain from
Company H.—Sergt. Brernarp CaLweELLt, Adams; shot in Which he was staggering along trying to follow his men,
head. : | When Lieut. Jillson came and urged him to go to the rear.
Company I. — Antuony C. Porr, Ludlow ; shot in head. Lieut. Cooley objected, saying, ‘‘Jillson, you are the only
Company K.—Sergt. J. W. H. Meacnam, Shelburne; shot in officer left, and I won't leave you!” when another ball
head.
struck him in the shoulder, and he fell into Lieut. Jillson's
ar Y tg » 1a ‘ ay Nac "e-
WOUNDED. arms, and was borne off the field. Lieut. Cooley had pre
viously received wounds at Cold Harbor, and there, also,
» . iT > i :
relieved by the Sixth Corps and marched back to Point of
Rocks, reaching there about midnight. We camped on pe
same grounds occupied by us previous to our departure for
Cold Harbor, experiencing the novel sensation of rest un-
disturbed by z-z-p of ball or bursting shells. While here
. 4 4 . ‘ a) ‘ r eo
Gen’l Smith took occasion to promulgate the following
complimentary address :—
To the Eighteenth Army Corps :—
The General commanding desires to express to his command his
appreciation of the soldierly qualities displayed during the cam-
paign of the last seventeen days.
Within that time they have been constantly called upon to
undergo the hardships of a soldier’s life and be exposed to all
of its dangers.
Marches under a hot sun, have ended in severe battle ; after the
battle, watchful nights in the trenches, gallantly taken from the
enemy; but the crowning point of the honor they are entitled to
has been won since the 15th instant, when a series of earthworks,
on most commanding positions, and of formidable strength have
been carried, with all the guns and material of war of the enemy,
including prisoners and colors. The works have all been held and
the trophies remain in our hands.
The victory is all the more important to us, as the troops have
never been regularly organized in camp, with time to learn the
discipline necessary to a well organized corps d’armée, but they
have been hastily concentrated and suddenly summoned to ake
part in the trying campaign in which they have engaged. Such
honor as they have won will remain imperishable.
To the colored troops, comprising the Division of General
Hincks, the General commanding would call the attention of the
veterans of the Eighteenth Corps; they have stormed the works
These eS
SGT SRT Si
Ss “setae asladaaeenaoe
Saba iin.
344 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
of the enemy and carried them; taken guns and prisoners, and in
the whole affair, they have displayed the qualities of good soldiers.
By command of Major-General Smrrn.
Wa. Russeti, Assistant Adjutant-General.
The same day Gen’l Stannard was relieved from the Star
Brigade and assigned to the command of the Second Divis-
—/
ion, Eighteenth Army Corps. The brief time which we
served under him was eventful, and we parted with the
deepest regrets. A man of rough exterior, he was not
choice in language to express his disapproval of inefliciency
or unsoldierly conduct. Cool, fearless, and daring, he was
the embodiment of a soldier in camp or field. His rough
exterior covered a warm and sympathetic heart, with a clow-
ing admiration for courage and bravery. His expressions
of pride in the heroic conduct of the Twenty-Seventh will
always be cherished by us as a tribute from one who exem-
plified in himself a high standard of courage and patriotism.
His appreciation of his brigade is best evinced in his fare-
well order : —
HEADQUARTERS First BRIGADE,
SEcoND Division, EIGHTEENTH ARMY CoRPs,
In THE FIELD, BERMUDA HunpReEps, Va., June 20, 1864.
GENERAL ORDER, No. 15.
Having been assigned to another command, the General com-
manding desires, in taking leave of his brigade, to convey to them
his pride and satisfaction in connection with the uniform courage,
endurance and ready obedience which has characterized the entire
command during his short but eventful connection with it.
The memorable 3d of June when, at Cold Harbor, Col. Pickett
of the Twenty-Fifth, Major Walker of the Twenty-Seventh, Col.
Elwell with the Twenty-Third, and Capt. Nesbitt with the Fifty-
Fifth so gallantly charged the enemy’s almost impregnable works ;
and again during the more recent trying campaign in front of
Petersburg, when the Eighty-Ninth (N. Y.), Col. Fairchilds ;
Twenty-Seventh Mass., Capt. Moore ; Twenty-Fifth, Capt. Park-
CHAPLAIN WOODWORTH RESIGNS. 345
hurst, and Fifty-Fifth (Penn.), Capt. Hill, have so unflinchingly,
during the 15th, 16th and 18th of June pressed the enemy home
to the last earthworks, will remain forever engraved on my heart.
To whatever sphere of duty I may hereafter be called, I shall
always carry with me the proud recollection of the deeds of the
‘* First Brigade,” and the calm reflection that they will never dis-
grace the laurels which they have nobly won by their blood.
By command of Brig. Gen’l STaNNARD,
Wm. L. Kent, Capt. and A. A. A. General.
The Fifth Maryland Regiment was here added to the Star
Brigade, so that it now consisted of seven regiments, with
Col. Fry of the Fifth Maryland in command. ‘The Twenty-
Seventh Mass. Regt. was now under command of Capt.
P.S. Bailey, and contained four line officers and one hun-
or Jur we d and
dred and fourteen men present for duty. Our w ounded
sick were scattered in hospitals, from that of the corps near
the scene of action, to those at Fortress Monroe, W ashing-
ington, Philadelphia, New York, and those within our -cpagital
State. The public spirit and resources of loyal homes were
taxed to the utmost to provide for the increasing number of
patients within these hospitals, and no history of the war
would be complete without a generous acknowledgment ot
the invaluable aid rendered by patriotic women olf the North
in relieving the sufferings incident to its prosecution.
At this time the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. sustained a
loss it could ill afford, in the resignation of Chaplain C. Ee
Woodworth. He had followed all our varying fortunes,
ready to minister to our spiritual and physical comforts.
He was kind and sympathetic, cheerful and familiar, yet
ever maintaining a consistent walk and an elevating sarge
His special work was never forgotten, nor neglected wit 1
lame apologies; but in all his duties he was eeerene
efficient, and popular. Without belittling himself, ol a
office, Chaplain Woodworth placed himself in contact with
346 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
all, obtaining a warm place in our esteem. The terrible
desolation which had befallen «* his men” was too much for
his sympathetic heart to endure. Seven hundred and forty-
four men had left Norfolk with him, six weeks before, in the
vigor and prime of life. The privilege of performing the
last sad rites of earth over his honored dead had often been
denied him by the exigencies of service ; but many others
had been committed to the dust under his faithful care, and
little mementoes secured and forwarded to loved ones by his
hand. He had aided in binding up wounds, and staying the
ebbing tide of life, and had received the last words of fare-
well and remembrance, and penned them to the bereaved
at home, until, as he said, ‘‘ My men are all gone. The
service and exposure to which the few remaining are called
puts them beyond my reach, even if I could bear the mental
agony their presence revives.” On the 20th of June he
bade us farewell and returned to Amherst, where he had
been settled previous to the war. It is fitting to say that
though we lost his presence, he has always maintained an
active interest in all that pertained to us. Chaplain Wood-
worth is at present engaged with the American Home Mis-
sionary Society, with headquarters at the Congregational
House, Boston, Mass. The remainder of our army ex-
perience was passed without a chaplain.
Our withdrawal from the front was of short duration, as
the extended Union lines required the entire army for de-
fence and active operations. We reached the front again at
eleven P.M. June 21st, and relieved the Vermont Brigade,
some distance to the left of our former position, and within
two hundred yards of the enemy. ‘The various assaults
along the line since the 15th inst., had resulted in a loss of
fifteen thousand men, and it was clear, with the time the
enemy had now gained, that whatever we did must be
through systematic approaches, rather than by a coup de
main. Growing in strength from day to day, the Confeder-
DEFENCES OF THE ENEMY. 347
“mids ake
ate lines of defences had become so formidable that to tak
Their lines consisted of
them by assault was impracticable. infantr
heavy forts and a chain of redans, connected by —-
parapets of powerful profile ; while the ee RS
completely obstructed by abatis, stakes and entang!ements.
f our position, they
Beginning at the Appomattox In front o | |
: d 1ing westward
enveloped Petersburg east and south, stretel
beyond the farthest reach of the Union arms. A continu-
ation of works on the north of the Appomattox, protected
the city and the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad, -
Walthall and Drewry’s Bluff to the James River, then nort :
of the James encircled Richmond, the whole rc”
the most formidable series of defences engineering pet
devise. The whole system extended in an almost continu-
ous line of upwards of sixty miles. , Se
The cities of Richmond and Petersburg, although — , :
two miles apart, were within the are of a pee fa
threatened point of which, the enemy, with sgn ae é .
could throw a preponderating force with great : - rs ee
surprise was fairly out of question, because, wor he re a
periphery of the circle, Gen’l Grant required pads . é
movelannd which the enemy could provide against In as ws fe!
hours. Although assailed, Richmond and sient rae
at no time strictly under siege, 4s the -eremere pepe i
open, and tenaciously held by the enemy. Throug? ss ee
tion passed the Lynchburg and Southside nae eesoaneRe
ing at Danville with a southern network of railway eee ie ;
ing uninterrupted communi sation through the X00 pom?
These roads, though poorly equipped, by a
night, were able to furnish the enemy with maggie z
ld the investing lines of Petersburg,
under the eve of Lieut. Gen’l Grant, but win Ma). ea
Meade as the immediate commander. Gen’l Butler's ay
still occupied the entrenchments at Bermuda preg pee
entrenched camp was held north of the James River at Veey
The Union army he
348 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Bottom, and was connected with Bermuda Hundreds by
pontons. The enemy’s force consisted of Hill’s, Ewell’s
and Longstreet’s Corps within Petersburg, with detachments
under Beauregard, advanced close to our lines near Point of
Rocks. The enemy had about sixty-five thousand available
infantry, besides artillery and cayalry, around Petersburg
and Bermuda Hundreds. :
BEFORE PETERSBURG.
CHAPTER XVII.
A SUMMER BEFORE PETERSBURG.
To follow the varying fortunes of the next two months
would be but to recount the details of our duty at the front
as pickets and sharpshooters, or within the trenches, suffer-
ing by exposure, wounds and death. When temporarily re-
lieved and at the rear, we were endangered by shells and
bombs which were incessantly falling around us. No de-
scription can convey an adequate idea of our surroundings.
It was a continuous battle from the 15th of June until we
re-arrived at Point of Rocks, August 25th. The battle
varied in intensity and carnage, now enveloping us with the
smoke and din of conflict, and then receding to the distant
left. Night or day, rain or shine, the roar of cannon, groan
of bombs, rattle of musketry, and tz-z-p of bullets were
heard continuously.
The experience of fighting the enemy from behind fortifi-
cations was a new one to us, since in all our previous con-
tests we had been in the open field, while the rebels had
been safely ensconced behind strong earthworks. Our lines
were built with the utmost care, and each day grew in
strength under accomplished engineers. The intrenchments
were constructed with ‘ port-holes” for the use of sharp-
Shooters ; gopher-holes and bombproofs were made for the
protection of those within the trenches; while front, flanks
and salients were protected by entanglements and rifle-pits.
Within the last our sharpshooters picked off the enemy’s
gunners, or as pickets, watched the movements of their army.
a ce Na a an ans
~ eeipnrarneneinatnnsenacnee wate
— PEE ee
7 semen + = ene ope
ny —
nent a a on
——— CE SRC
F : SOME EXPERIENCES AT THE REAR. 351
350 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Twenty-Seventh Mass. were lying in a ravine near the
railroad, the enemy opened, from the north of the Ap-
pomattox, a close and accurate fire of shell upon our
samp. Our stacks of guns were knocked down, and several
muskets destroyed. Fortunately many of the shells failed
to explode, so that we miraculously escaped without loss.
It should be stated as a notable fact, that the enemy's shells
were very unreliable, and, from non-explosion, failed of
much damage to us. August 17th, when we moved our
camp in the woods, just in rear of the front works, under
cover of darkness, a fierce fire of shell was opened on us,
and for a time the corruscating light, sulphurous smoke, and
deafening concussion of their explosion, made our position
more like the infernal region than the abode of men. For four
nights the enemy covered this position with mortars in front,
The network of our intrenchments by saps and traverses
constantly closed upon the enemy’s position, each advance
attended by some counter-movement on their part to dis-
lodge us. Charge upon charge was made, with terrible loss
to their assaulting column, but rarely with any apparent
gain. In this way the most successful battles of the sum-
mer were fought. Movements purely to invite attack were
made with great frequency by us, as most effectively ex-
hausting the enemy, and compassing their defeat. Our
system of defences at no time equalled those of the enemy
in completeness. Covered ways were made along their front,
furnishing sufficient protection for all their force out of the
trenches, with safe and direct communication by which to
reach threatened points.
Any shrinking from duty at the front was known as
‘¢ shell fever,” and subjected the offender to the most humili-
ating exposure and punishment. It was not an unusual occur-
and enfiladed it with rifled shells and Whitworth shots from
the right. One sixty-four pound shell exploded close to
our headquarters, and Whitworth shots pierced the largest
trees around us with the utmost ease. As one of our boys
remarked, ‘¢ The enemy had a cross fire on us, and it was
rence to see a brace of cowards, securely yoked together,
making the rounds of the camps at the rear. In the ad-
rance were fifes and drums playing the ‘* Rogues’ March.”
Then followed the convicts, with closely shaved heads, and
labelled with large placards, ‘‘ Coward!” Behind them
were guards, with fixed bayonets, pointing close to the backs
of the sneaks, and forcing them onward. In this way the
squad marched from camp to camp, the guilty ones receiv-
ing unstinted jeers and taunts. It was a terrible warning
to beholders, and such a one as few would be willing to
undergo. We are glad to record no such discipline was
ever suffered by any member of the Twenty-Seventh Mass.
Regt. The rule was early established, ‘+ two days within
the trenches, and two days off,” and we willingly admit our
retirement to the ravine, when relieved, was seldom under-
taken with much idea of military order or precision. We
19
cross enough too!
Our contests were often the fiercest of artillery duels,
between guns of the heaviest calibre, whose incessant pon-
derous discharges shook the earth and fell on our ears with
Such a deafening roar as to leave headaches, which, under
other circumstances, would have in sapacitated us for any duty.
At such times, if we were in the trenches, we were hardly
more than spectators, closely hugging the fortifications, or
bombproofs ; but if at the rear, we were in constant watch
for unceremonious ‘‘ intruders, ” against which we had no
protection. At night the mortar contests were sublime. The
forests trembled with deep reverberations, and huge bombs
rose with groans and meteor train, ending in a corruscation
of light, and an explosion even louder than that which
sent it from the mortar. The largest mortar at the siege of
sa RCRA I a, IE Ta a
eS Se ANE
ne ere eC OR Ne i Rei 8
were often, however, in greater danger at the rear than
under cover of the fortifications. June 27th, when the
en pa anemia aa
9 iy Fr 7 ‘4 TOIAT
352 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Petersburg was the «General Grant.” It was mounted on
a platform car, and moved at pleasure along the military rail-
road skirting the rear of our intrenchments. This mortar
threw a bomb weighing two hundred and twenty pounds.
Each bomb contained six hundred and twenty-five bullets,
and exploded with a shock plainly distinguishable above any
Clash of arms. “
The unyielding grasp with which Gen’l Grant held the
enemy to his fortifications, required watchfulness and prompt-
ness, and, as a result, we laid on our arms and were called
out from three to four o’clock each morning to await the
developments of light. It was a death-struggle with the
enemy, and no expedients were ‘too extreme to resort to, to
rid themselves of the anaconda which was slowly but surely
winding them in its coils. While the contest, as stated,
was continuous, the following casualties to the Twenty-
Seventh Mass. Regt. are worthy of special record. June
29th, John Quinn of Company C (Southampton), was acci-
dentally but fatally wounded. A. ball pierced his right
shoulder, from which wound he died July 4th. At four pati;
June d0th, while the Twenty-Seventh Regiment was support-
lug four Cohorn mortars, and a battery of field artillery, the
enemy replied with a fierce concentric fire for two hours.
c
most of the fire pass rer us rz
passedover us. The follow ing comrades were
pe erignan during this contest : Dexter Burnett, Company D,
ou é rs le ; sli <
South etey left hand; slight. John K. Freeman, Com-
pans D, New Salem, left hand ;slight. Cornelius O’Connor,
Company D, Amherst ; shoulder. July 8th, the enemy made
a sortie on our entire front for the purpose of preventing
ect eaaoe being forwarded to the relief of Washington,
. C., but were r ‘ith s :
= » bu ere repulsed with slaughter by our forces. The
te enty-Seventh Mass. sustained the following loss during
the day: James E. A t
ay : 4. Ashwell, Compan ‘ing fi ‘1
tne roa . pany D, Springfield, right
ere, Albert Cates, Company D, Amherst, slight.
WOUNDED —STRENGTH OF THE REGIMENT. 353
{dwin H. Potwine, Company D, Amherst, slight. Corp.
Charles H. Robertson, Company H, Adams, head. Patrick
Conley, Company H, Adams, arm; slight. Nelson Sheldon,
Company I, Wilbraham, head; slight. July 9th, Sergt.
Robert M. Roberts of Company E, Mount Washington, re-
ceived a scalp wound. July 12th, Henry Walker of Com-
pany F, Sandisfield, who had been wounded July 18th, re-
ceived a severe wound in the leg while going to a spring at
the rear for water. This wound was considered fatal from
the first. He died at Fortress Monroe, Aug. 3, 1864. Dur-
ing the evening of July 13th Homer R. King of Company ],
Ludlow, was wounded in the hand while in the trenches.
The 17th, Luke F. Bowker of Orange, a cook for Company
E, received a fatal wound in the abdomen while bringing
rations to the trenches. He died the same day. Also, while
supporting the mortar batteries, Jay E. Nash of Amherst,
was wounded in the shoulder.
A tri-monthly report dated July 19th, showed the condi-
tion of the Twenty-Seventh Mass. to be as follows : —
Commissioned officers present for duty,
Tr “© on special duty, .
66 ‘¢ on detached service,
“6 in arrest, . ;
Tt sick and wounded,
Enlisted men present for duty,
x on special duty, .
* sick and wounded, .
4“ on detached service, .
™ absent with leave,
absent without leave,
Total, . ; ‘ :
This report does not include our captured men. Those
reported on detached service were mostly within the pioneer,
la te a
354 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
ordnance, and ambulance departments, but engaged in active
duty at the front.
July 20th, John B. Slate of Company B, Shelburne, and
Benjamin W. F. Smith, Company E, Great Barrington, were
wounded; the latter severely in the hip, while engaged as
sharpshooter. July 24th, William W. Latham of Company
D, Amherst, was killed while at the front. The position
was the closest held by us, at any time, to the enemy’s works.
Comrade Latham had re-enlisted, and was expecting a fur-
lough home the next day. July 28th, Jerry Harrington of
‘ompany K, Springfield, was wounded in the wrist during a
fierce cannonade. Aug. 14th, Henry E. Demeranville of
Company H, Cheshire, was wounded over the right eye. Aug.
19th, Henry A. Ryther of Greenfield, cook for Company
C, was mortally wounded while gathering kindlings for his
fire. He was at the rear with only thirty days more to
serve, and was in high anticipation of returning home. He
survived but an hour.
During the summer Capt. George W. Bartlett and Lieut.
W. Chapin Hunt, who had been on duty in North Carolina as
provost marshals of Beaufort and New Berne, rejoined the
regiment. These officers, with Capts. Caswell, Bailey, and
McKay, and Lieut. Jillson, successively held command of
the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. The demands of the cam-
paign were so exacting and incessant that none but men of
iron constitution could meet them without sooner or later
requiring hospital care. As a fact, the only officers who did
meet this strain were Surgeon D. B. N. Fish and Lieut
Edwin L. Peck, both of whom were always present for duty.
Despite the constant accessions to our ranks from men return-
RATIONS—ONLY TWENTY-SEVEN CENTS. 355
Officers and men.
June 18th, aggregate strength, . : : 203
25th, ¥ is ; j 188
July 2d, $ “ i ‘ 189
9th, a" a . , 187
16th, + “ , 195
23d, ‘6 ‘“ Ae 195
30th, “ “ Ae 2 a
Aug. 6th, " 7 184
13th, ‘“ os 186
20th, ” 183
Much of the time our rations consisted of hardtack and
pork, and often these supplies were limited. ‘The lack ot
vegetables induced many disorders, and though the Sanitary
Commission undertook to furnish them, their supplies were
but as drops in the ocean of our needs. Potatoes, cabbages,
and onions were the great necessities. Sutlers’ supplies were
so high few could afford to indulge in them, and this, without
doubt, proved a blessing in disguise. The regular ration for
the private soldier, if furnished in full, and properly cared
for, was more than he actually needed; and in this respect
the privates were sometimes better off than the officers, for
the latter were furnished nothing by government except
quarters, transportation, and forage for their horses. They
had to buy all their clothing and equipments, and provide
themselves with food, and this often without money, owing
to the failure of the government to pay them for five or six
months at atime. One of our captains expressed the pecu~
niary circumstances of many of our officers by saying that,
‘‘if lard was twenty cents a barrel, he couldn’t buy enough
to grease his hair.” While, at another time, a diligent search
ing as convalescents, and from special duty, no gain 1n
numerical strength was made. The following abstract from
the consolidated weekly reports of the Twenty-Seventh
Mass. Regt. shows the strength of the command present for
duty before Petersburg, from week to week : —
for money to help the lieutenant-colonel pay the charges on
an express package, revealed only twenty-seven cénts among
all the officers present.
Our extremity was Lieut. Peck’s ‘‘ opportunity,
”?
for,
356 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
while suffering from too great familiarity with our reliable
hardtack and pork, he concocted, discovered or invented a
The name
?
dish, which he appropriately named ‘* scouse.’
was unquestionably classic, as Lieut. Peck was a graduate of
the Westfield Normal School. The modus operandi was to
break up the hardtack somewhat fine in cold water, and boil
it with pork, seasoning with salt and pepper (if you had
them). Had Lieut. Peck had other supplies, there is little
reason to suppose his inventive genius would have rested
until he had eclipsed Delmonico’s fame, but as this was the
extent of his resources, he was forced to be satisfied. At
any rate ‘‘scouse” became a deservedly popular dish with
our entire army, and had they known the lieutenant, his popu-
larity would have equalled that of his dish. He has with-
stood the charms of the opposite sex with a success akin to
that which he had on the field, and is still a bachelor forlorn.
To the misfortune of insufficient rations were the addi-
tional ones of fleas, sand-flies and—yes, lice, — for we were
lousy from generals down to the lowest soldier, and we
couldn’t help it. The fleas must have been of the genus
‘¢ nulex irritans,” for the irritation to us involved both soul
and body, and too often found vent in violent spasms of
oaths and athletic exercises, in the last of which we were
generally distanced. The fleas were invaluable auxiliaries
along the picket line in sustaining wakefulness, and were never
half appreciated. The friendship of the trio named above
was fully demonstrated, for no adversity was able to sepa-
rate them from us. Heat or cold, rain or shine, shell or
shot, only strengthened their attachment. They had, too, a
most convincing way of expressing their feeling for us. It
is an admitted fact that change of water was the only
greater evil to which the army was exposed. They were a
constant sap at the source of life, and must be fought
against, though only to lessen the nuisance instead of rid-
ding ourselves of the pests.
EXTREMES — PICKET-LINE. 357
Our supply of water was much of the time a question of
primary importance ; such as we had being obtained a half a
mile to the rear. Those at the left were less fortunate than
ourselves, depending on the scanty supply brought by drays.
During July the intense heat and lack of rain caused great
distress, and a good drink of water was a real luxury.
No rain fell from the 3d of June until the 19th of July; the
marshes and streams of considerable size were dried up, and
the dust was so deep as to occasion great suffering. This
was succeeded by arainy season. The trenches then became
one vast pool of slimy yellow mud, and bombproofs and
gopher-holes were filled to the brim with water. For many
days we were drenched to the skin, and smeared from head
to foot with mud. We were perfect embodiments of squalor
and filth. Like the Israelites of old who desired meat, and
were given until they loathed it, so fully were our longings
for water satisfied.
Our positions in the trenches were for the most part
unsheltered, and subjected to the intense heat of the sun,
which often’ rose to one hundred and ten degrees in the
shade. This would be succeeded by the chill and damps of
the night, which in time permeated the body with rheumatic
pains. During the rainy season, many of the dead (who
were buried June 18th) were uncovered on the field in
front of us, and the air was laden with a burdening nausea.
This hideous sight was ever-present, reminding us of the
possibilities before us, and our feeble tenure of life.
The daily New York press supplied us with news, and
we were several times encouraged by the news that ‘ picket
firing had entirely ceased before Petersburg ; ” but somehow
the information never reached the picket-line. First a ball
would spat into the dirt; then, with a tz-z-p, a little fellow
would travel past as the compliment of some sharpshooter
from a tree within the rebel lines. A cur-r-r-r would come
singing from a rifle at the right, then a whistle at the left,
a
Si iene nora:
ar nn ete meena
5 A TA TE
TT
< eam
Pesta
LSB?
a Ee iA
tienen
358 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
9
suggesting ‘‘that Minie has struck and glanced,” while
another comes along with a hum like a nail whirling in the
air, and which we think is a ball almost spent. All
this was very unpleasant, as many were killed and wounded
by such occurrences each day, and we were glad the papers
had determined to stop them. Thus we lived, no worse
than the entire army with which we were connected, no
better.
By the first of July, the rebel defences before Petersburg
were so perfect, that Gen’l Lee considered his position
impregnable to assault. He therefore determined upon a
diversion, — as in years past, —hoping by threatening the
national capital to force the withdrawal of the besieging
force from Petersburg, or so much of it as to leave its
weakened lines at his mercy. Accordingly, Gen’l Jubal
tarly with fifteen thousand men, was dispatched through the
Shenandoah Valley, and, reinforcing the rebel army in the
ralley, made his appearance before Martinsburg July 3d;
Frederick, Md., July 7th; and by the afternoon of July 11th,
was before Fort Stevens, part of the fortifications in the
immediate vicinity of Washington. The Nineteenth Corps
had just arrived at Fortress Monroe from New Orleans, when
information of this invasion reached Gen’l Grant. The
Sixth Corps was temporarily detached from the army before
Petersburg, and with the Nineteenth Corps, arrived at the
threatened capital just before the appearance of Early’s force
before Fort Stevens. The 12th, a spirited engagement
occurred before Washington, after which the enemy beat a
hasty retreat. From that moment Gen’l Lee admitted that
the fate of the Confederacy was sealed.
July 20th, Maj. Gen’l W. F. Smith, who had been absent
some days from his command, was relieved by order of
Lieut. Gen’l Grant, and Maj. Gen’] E. O. C. Ord assigned
to the command of the Eighteenth Corps. It was with gen-
uine regret we parted with this able and efficient commander ;
GEN’L SMITH’S FAREWELI.. 359
his farewell address faithfully interpreted the feelings of his
command.
HEADQUARTERS EIGHTEENTH ARMY Corps, July 20, 1864.
To the Officers and Soldiers of the Highteenth Army Corps:
I part with you in accordance with orders from the lieutenant-
general commanding the armies of the United States, with great
regret ; and my highest pride is that you share my feelings. Since
I have been your commander I have tried to share with you your
dangers, and have rejoiced with you in your gallant deeds. During
this time your record has been bright and unsullied. Whatever in
it has not been all that you could wish, I can assure you has been
from no fault or shortcoming of yours, and I trust you will believe
that I have been no more culpable than yourselves.
May God bless and always crown your efforts with victory !
(Signed) W. F. Smirn, Maj. Gen’l.
[Official.]
W.F. RvusseE.t, Major and A. A. Gen’l.
Maj. Gen’l Smith was a native of Vermont, and a gradu-
ate of West Point in the corps of engineers. -He was Gen'l
Grant’s chief engineer during his command of the Military
Division of the Department of Mississippi, and took an his-
toric part in the battle of Chattanooga. He served with dis-
tinction also with the Army of the Potomac. He was a
brave and accomplished general, distinguished for his stra-
tegic grasp, military foresight, and fearless spirit. He was
the embodiment of soldierly qualities, and the idol of his
troops. He was familiarly known among his troops as
‘¢ Baldy Smith,” and his presence always awakened intense
enthusiasm.
July 26th, Gen’l Hancock and a portion of the Second
Corps with a body of cavalry, crossed the James River at
‘‘ Deep Bottom,” threatening Richmond from the north of the
James. No important result accrued from this save as it drew
away aconsiderable force of the enemy from Petersburg, and
facilitated a movement about to be executed by the Union army.
ed ttn me a
360 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
During the month of July, Gen’l Burnside, by permission
of the commanding general, had succeeded (through the
Forty-Eighth Pennsylvania Regiment) in mining a rebel fort
on his immediate front, and four o’clock the morning of July
30th, was the time fixed for exploding the mine. At eleven
o’clock p.m., the 29th, the Twenty-Seventh Mass., in com-
mon with most of the Eighteenth Corps, moved to the scene
of action, the corps massing fifteen columns deep in the rear
of the Ninth Corps and immediately in front of the fated fort.
A slight eminence interposed between us and the enemy, pro-
tecting us from their observation and fire. Intense excite-
ment prevailed as word was passed along the line of the
intended explosion, but all commotion was suppressed. The
lingering hours dragged heavily, but nothing on the rebel
side indicated a suspicion of their peril. Four o’clock, and
for an hour every eye was fixed on the fated work, until at
five o’clock, a solid mass of earth, guns, and men, rose like
a dark cloud two hundred feet in the air, with a shock that
seemed to rend the earth. Like forked lightning the flash
of powder pierced the cloud of debris; and earth, arma-
ment, and men fell with a heavy thud. A black cloud hung
for a moment over the spot, then floated to the north as if
shrinking from the carnage and destruction it had created.
It is understood that this fort at the time of the explosion
was occupied by the Palmetto Battery with the Eighteenth
and part of the Twenty-Third S. C. Regiments.
At the instant of the explosion, one hundred and eighty
pieces of artillery in the immediate vicinity, as by an elec-
tric touch, opened upon the enemy’s position, pouring a
merciless fire of destruction along their lines. A mass of
infantry bounded over our works and across the field into the
chasm created by the explosion. Why they went into dt
no one could imagine; why they halted there was equally
beyond conjecture, as the panic-stricken rebels had deserted
their works and made little opposition to the Union advance.
THE MINE FIASCO. 361
The surprise and rout was complete, but our forces seemed
like an incoherent mass, and could not or would not move
forward. The enemy soon rallied upon the flanks, and Gen’l
Mahone by a covered way brought heavy reinforcements to
their support, pouring into the seething mass of Union troops
a frightful fire of musketry and artillery, which threatened
to fill the chasm with the slain. It was a sight which appalled
the stoutest heart, so needless, so ghastly, so crushing! In
a brief space of time, hardly exceeding that required to pen
this account, four thousand of our men were killed or cap-
tured. Even now this scene hangs like a horrid nightmare
over the remembrance of years.
There was no opportunity for the Eighteenth Corps to en-
gage in the fray, for the field before us was clogged with
struggling troops. The Twenty-Seventh Mass. sustained the
following casualties : —
George Gilmore, Company B, Hinsdale, wounded by a shell.
Patrick Coffee, Company G, Northampton, wounded by a shell.
Gen’l Grant appeared at the scene during the afternoon, his
determined countenance indicating much excitement. The
careworn, distressed look of Gen’l Burnside revealed his
keen disappointment and chagrin over the failure of a plan
which promised so much for our arms. The night of the
30th, the Eighteenth Corps returned to their place at the
right of the line.
The whole movement was thoroughly investigated by a
Congressional Committee, who reported as the cause of fail-
ure: first, that the charge was led by white, instead of black
troops ; and second, that Gen'l Meade directed that the assault-
ing column should push for Cemetery Hill, instead of clearing
the enemy’s lines to the right and left of them. The first
finding was based on the statement of Gen’l Burnside, that
he had been drilling his colored troops for some time for the
occasion, and that during the night previous he received per-
362 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
emptory orders from Gen’l Meade to use white troops only
for the assault. Gen’l Burnside claimed that the time inter-
vening was insufficient to arrange for their disposition and
instruction.
A Military Court of Inquiry consisting of Gen’ls Hancock,
Ayres, and Miles, found the causes of the failure to be —
‘* First. — The injudicious formation of the troops in going for-
ward, the movement being made by flank instead of extended
front. . .. It is the opinion of the court there was no proper
column of assault. The troops should have been formed in the
open ground in front of the point of attack, parallel to the enemy’s
works. The evidence shows that one or more columns might have
passed over to the left of the crater without any previous prepara-
tion of the ground.
‘* Second. — The halting of the troops in the crater instead of
going forward to the crest where there was no fire of consequence
from the enemy.
‘* Third. — No proper employment of engineer officers and work-
ing parties, and the lack of materials and tools for their use in the
Ninth Corps.
‘* Fourth. — That some parts of the assaulting column were not
properly led.
‘: Fifth. —'The want of a competent common head at the scene
of assault, to direct as occurrences should demand.” . . .— Con-
duct of the War, vol. I., page 215.
Gen’l Burnside sharply arraigned Gen’l Meade inthis mat-
ter, claiming that the chief difficulty was the jealousy of
Gen’l Meade, who in every conceivable way misconstrued his
correspondence, and hampered his movements. While Gen’l
Meade held him responsible for the whole project, he was
jealous of a possible success by Gen’l Burnside, and hence
failed to co-operate effectively in the movements. From
Such a person as Gen’l Burnside, this statement will largely
establish his claim. He had waived seniority of rank over
Gen’l Meade at the opening of the campaign for the general
THE REBELS MINE OUR POSITION. 363
good, and had in everyway respected him as a superior offi-
cer, The admitted modesty and self-abnegation of Gen’l
Burnside, establishes presumptive evidence of grounds for
such acomplaint. Still we cannot avoid saying that drawing
lots for brigades and commanders for such perilous and impor-
tant work, was not in accordance with prudence and good judg-
ment, nor in keeping with Gen’l Burnside’s usual vood sense.
There can be no doubt that had able commanders and sub-
ordinate officers led the assaulting column, the day would
have witnessed a glorious victory for our arms, if not the
capture of Petersburg. The time was opportune because an
‘mportant part of Lee’s army were absent near Deep Bottom,
On the James, whither Hancock’s raid of the 26th had drawn
them. The project promised great results; it failed in the
execution of its details.
As an effect of the mine explosion a sense of insecurity
Sprang up along both lines. At points where our fortifica-
ions ran close to the enemy's, our sharpshooters would joke
them about the mine, asking them how they liked to go to
heaven that way, and if they were ready to go; but it was
evidently a sore subject for our men too, as they constantly
©xpected a similar experience. A sap had been run from
our lines to within about fifty feet of the rebel fortifications,
and was occupied by portions of the Star Brigade. Our sharp-
shooters at this close range had so covered the enemy’s works
sas to threaten their capture. This sap was occupied by the
Iwenty-Third and T'wenty-Seventh Mass. Regiments on the
4th and 5th of August. During the 4th suspicious sounds were
heard which satisfied us that the enemy were mining close by,
awaking not over comfortable sensations. There is no inse-
curity quite like that of fe eling that the ground beneath you
Is likely to engulf you at any moment. About five o’clock,
the morning of the 5th, we were suddenly aroused by an
explosion just in front of our works, which buried us in a
cloud of debris and smoke, but with no greater injury than
364 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
a genuine scare, as the enemy had miscalculated the distance.
The explosion was followed by a sortie of the enemy under
cover of a sharp artillery fire, but they were hurled back to
their intrenchments with heavy loss. The Twenty-Seventh
Mass., though in the sharpest of the engagement, were well
protected by the intrenchments, and hence escaped unharmed.
Col. Steadman, commander of Steadman’s Brigade (next to
us in line), was killed during this action.
With our time fully occupied in such perilous work, the
summer months were quickly passed. There was no cessa-
tion of strife, nor recognition of the Sabbath. Occasionally
there would be a brief respite, caused by our band or those
of the enemy, tauntingly discoursing their national airs at
the front. Such respites, however, were very rare, but
were heartily enjoyed. August 24th, the Star Brigade
received marching orders, but the T wenty-Seventh Mass.
‘as not relieved trom the trenches until nearly daylight the
25th inst., when it followed the brigade which had preceded
it to Point of Rocks. As we crossed the Appomattox, Gen'l
Heckman, our former commander, rode up, and was received
with a wild round of cheers and “tigers,” such as only vet-
eran soldiers know how to give toa trusted leader. After the
enthusiasm had subsided, he greeted us with a short but
pregnant speech, closing by hoping to meet us soon amid the
familiar scenes of North Carolina. We were assigned to a
camp near the breastworks at Cobb’s Hill, which seemed a
very eligible situation. Our experiences were, however,
graphically described in a letter by Surgeon Fish.
‘We had everything just done, ready to lie down and rest our-
selves, when orders came to load everything in the wagons immedi-
ately, as we were to move to theright. You know there is nothing
like a little urging on a fellow when he is hard at work ; and so the
rebels thought. First came a shell a few feet over our heads, and
burst in the rear; then a second shot struck about ten feet from
headquarters, throwing dirt on me; ricochetted, just missing the
INTERCHANGE ON THE PICKET-LINE. 365
head of one of our drummer boys as he stooped down; barely es-
caped the horses in front of headquarters, and then passed on.
You may easily believe that the wagons were quickly loaded and
out of the way, and we took for the breastworks. We moved to the
right, then countermarched to the left, and at length settled for the
night just in the rear of the position which we had left so sud-
denly. This may be rest, but the style is peculiar to the Eighteenth
Corps. We are waiting orders to move to the right, and have not
pitched our tents. Had a ducking last night (of course!) ; first a
real whirlwind, and then a small flood.”
In spite of such shifting and ducking our jaded men sank
down to rest, — such rest as one only knows how to enjoy
who has been robbed of its recuperative power to almost the
verge of endurance.
The Confederates on our front proved to be the same
troops which were opposed to us at Drewry’s Bluff. Good
feeling existed while we remained, between the opposing
pickets, both armies drawing their supply of water from a
brook between the lines. Here the opponents met and
recounted their war experiences in a friendly way and ex-
changed papers, or what was quite as much appreciated,
Swapped yankee coffee for rebel tobacco.
On the 31st of August, Lieut. Edwin L. Peck was in
command of the picket line, and while visiting a remote
station, wandered outside of the lines. He suddenly espied
a rebel officer, who, like himself, was taking advantage of
the friendly feeling, in a saunter through these middle
grounds. Signs of truce were interchanged, when the
officers came together with a cordial grasp of hands. After
a long and friendly conversation, papers and autographs
were exchanged, the Confederate officer being Lieut. Wash-
ington A. Elliott, Company B, Eleventh Virginia Regiment
of Kemper’s Brigade. A close and lasting friendship sprang
up between these officers, resulting in another meeting the
following week, and in an interchange of correspondence
FIN A ST ET
ere
—
eS ea oe
iin
se" 3 in ca
pp na RAEN EOE mang eanepeioape cage
366 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
and visits since the war. Lieut. Elliott speaks unqualifiedly
of the gallant conduct of the Star Brigade at Drewry’s Bluff
and the good faith with which they maintained the truce
along the picket line before Bermuda Hundreds. It is not
denied that such proceedings were breaches of military
discipline, but it is a matter of fact that such meetings
were of daily occurrence. They developed the better
nature of those engaged in this great conflict, and gave
occasion for many mirthful and grotesque experiences.
RETURN OF THE VETERANS.
CHAPTER XVIII.
RETURN OF THE VETERANS.
TuHere had been frequent rumors that we were to return
to North Carolina, and it was supposed that the hint in
Gen’l Heckman’s speech, made upon our arrival at Point of
Rocks, was not without official authority. We were not
greatly surprised, therefore, September 6th, to learn that
the Twenty-Third and Twenty-Fifth Mass. Regiments had
embarked for New Berne, N. C. They reached that port
the 11th inst. September 9th, Capt. Moore, who had now
mustered as major of the Twenty-Seventh Mass., returned
to the regiment, but was as yet unable to assume its com-
September 10th was one of the most trying days
in our army experience. Our knapsacks were received
from Portsmouth, Va., where they had been stored since the
last of April. It was sad to look them over, each being
plainly marked by stencil-plate with the name of its owner.
Brothers wept over the knapsacks of brothers whom the
ravages of war had long since laid low in death, or be-
wailed the uncertain fate of those who had fallen into
rebel hands, and from whom no tidings had come dur-
ing these eventful months. All the little valuables and
necessaries a soldier would prize were carefully packed
within, with many tokens and reminders of friends at home.
The knapsacks of the missing and dead were carefully sent
to their friends at home.
ccs ere cnet
eterna th tae emt
— ee
pena nn eee
a sae ee
cana
368 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
During our absence from Portsmouth, the place of storage
had been entered by persons unknown, and most of our
records and valuables stolen. The loss of our records has
proved a serious one to the regiment, for it has made it im-
possible to establish many facts and dates; while it also
accounts for the absence of many official orders and reports
which would naturally appear with its history. It has also
added greatly to the labor of preparing this account of their
services and may excuse much of its incompleteness.
September 17th, the Twenty-Seventh Mass. and Ninth
New Jersey received marching orders, and embarking upon
the steamer ‘‘ Convoy,” arrived at Portsmouth that evening,
where we were gladdened by the appearance of our Col.
H. C. Lee, whose safe return was greeted with vociferous
and prolonged cheers. He had remained in durance vile
until August, when both he and Lieut. Col. Bartholomew
were exchanged, and on arrival North, were granted leave
of absence to recover from their debilitating confinement.
Knowing that the term of enlistment of a large number of the
regiment expired in September, Col. Lee was hastening to
the army with a view of facilitating their discharge, and met
us, as stated, upon our arrival ‘* from the front.” By proper
representations he obtained a telegraphic order from the
War Department, detaching from the regiment those men
whose term expired in September ; and an additional order
from Gen’l Butler, that these should report at once at their
place of muster for discharge. This timely action on the
part of Col. Lee saved our returning veterans much annoy-
ance and risk, for had they returned to North Carolina, the
prevalence and fatality of yellow fever in that department
would have delayed their departure for home and necessi-
tated a tedious quarantine at Northern ports, not to speak
of the probability that many would have fallen victims to
that fatal malady.
VETERANS RETURNING HOME, 369
The record of the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt., Septem-
ber 9th, showed its condition to be as follows : —
Officers and men present, . ° . 233
4s ‘+ on detached service, . . , 128
" ‘¢ absent with leave (prisoners), . 259*
“ ‘¢ absent sick or wounded, . . 218
" ‘¢ absent without leave, ; 1
eDT
Aggregate strength of the regiment, . . : 839
Of this number two hundred and fifty-nine were reported
for discharge, but only one hundred and seventy-nine were
able to attend the column on its homeward journey. Three
hundred and four officers and men remained with unexpired
terms of enlistment, and of this number only one hundred
and twenty-four were present for duty. These were removed
to the transport steamer ‘* United States,” under command
of Maj. John W. Moore.
The veterans were delayed at Fortress Monroe until the
23d inst., when Capt. McKay and Adjt. Joseph W. Holmes
were ordered to proceed north with the detachment, and
arrived at New York by steamer early. Sunday morning,
the 27th inst. From lack of transportation they were de-
tained until evening, when they took the steamer ‘* Dupont ”
=?)
for New Haven, at which place they arrived the morning of
the 27th.
Monday noon, the 28th, a signal-gun at Springfield an-
nounced the departure of the regiment from Hartford, and
various organizations by a previous agreement hastily con-
vened and repaired to the depot, where, at half-past twelve,
a second gun announced their arrival. As the train moved
into the depot a salvo from the Union Battery, and cheers
from the multitude, welcomed back to the old Bay State and
* Six of this number should have been reported among the killed, but in the absence
of such knowledge they were properly included as above.
370 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
to their homes, this battalion of battle-scarred veterans.
Two days’ notice had been given that the regiment was on
the journey home, and the diatanit hamlets of “Berkshire and
Franklin, by delegations of kindred and friends, joined
greetings with Hampden, Hampshire, and Western Worces-
ter, in the safe return of their sons from the field.
Hastily leaving the cars, the men were given a few moments
for the embrace reall congratulations of ' fiends, when they
formed in line on Railroad Row, and fell into the rear of the
procession organized for their escort. The attentions shown
were alike honorable to the city, and flattering to those upon
whom they were bestowed, and the more so when we con-
sider the little time allowed for preparation. The procession
moved in the following order : —
Hon. A. D. Briggs, Chief Mar shal, and Assistants,
Armory Cornet Band.
Engineers of the Fire Department.
Union Fire Company.
Military Band.
Constitution Fire Company.
Monitor Fire Company.
Drum Corps.
American Hook and Ladder Company.
City Government and Citizens.
Union Battery, Capt. Wells.
Drum Corps.
The Twenty-Seventh Regiment.
Carriages containing Disabled Members of the Twenty-Seventh
and other Regiments.
The column moved through the principal streets, which
were thronged with dense and cheering crowds. Patriotic
emblems, decorations, and welcomes were everywhere dis-
played, with emblazoned lists of engagements in which the
regiment had participated. After marching up Union Street
“od cheering Col. Lee at his residence, the procession coun-
termarched to Court Square and formed in front of a plat-
form which had been erected near the Court House. Aftera
MAYOR ALEXANDER’S WELCOME. 371
bri > € . . a
lef and appropriate prayer by Rev. L. Clark Seelye (now
president of the Smith College, Northampton), Mayor Alex-
ander welcomed the regiment as follows : —
Officers and Soldiers of the Twenty-Seventh Regiment: From
the victorious fields of Roanoke and New Berne, Goldsboro and
Kinston, Little Washington, and a score of others which your
bravery has made historical, we welcome you back to your homes
and ours, in the dear old Commonwealth. It is three ‘years since
you went away. An abundant harvest had filled all our granaries ;
the rewards for peaceful labor were within the reach of every alia
we had never heard the voice of the enemy, and his nearest encamp-
ment was hundreds of miles from our borders. Leaving every
comfort which abundance, art, industry and peace could Beiioes
4 the ties which happy, virtuous and prosperous homes had
Se domme joyfully, you assumed the hard-
privations of soldiers, to defend the honor of the Com-
monwealth, and the integrity of the Union. Your three years of
patient service, your twenty-two battle-fields, your thinned ranks
your heroic dead, attest how truly you have kept your faith. wan
have never been absent from our thoughts. Through all the
i of these three years of war our eyes have followed you.
nadie ok sg CN ved = se ome when among the
dt a fe mae ; - we — sought out and kept
g your flag. Your dead have not ‘fallen unnoticed and un-
unre byus. Your brave comrades were our sons and brothers,
ane their patriotic courage has been our loudest boast, and their
untimely death our saddest sorrow. ‘Their names, their brave acts
me Ae make up the proud history of this regiment which you
ay complete; a history which will ever remain as an example
of true patriotism and courage, which will furnish a bright page in
the annals of our country, and give to our local tradition “ the
glow of romance and the spirit of song.”
Your career as soldiers is ended. You return once more to the
beacery) walks of civil life. You have your duties to perform
here ; for the country and the institutions you have defended are
to be illustrated by your lives and are to be preserved for future
generations by your devotion and ours. Do not be disturbed by
Sia a
cee ara eee
SE an Bil Die as
ang A
epee eee fer Tas
~ —
372 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
the cry of peace at any price! (Applause.) The work which
you have commenced, is to be finished. This country is not to
be surrendered to designing politicians and cowardly and coppery
traitors. (Ringing applause.) All the blood and all the lives that
have been given to cement and make strong the temple of liberty,
and to make this country forever, and all over, free, shall not be
lost to you, or your brave dead. (Applause.) Thrice welcome,
then, to your homes and to Massachusetts, soldiers who have
defended, and citizens who will preserve, our noble Union forever
and forever.
The inspiration of the hour was intensified by the band
leading and the vast throng uniting In singing Payne’s sweet
song, ‘*‘ Home, Sweet Home.” How it carried us back to
three years before, when, nine hundred and eighty strong, we
had united in that same song at Camp Reed just as we were
to leave for the war. One hundred and seventy-nine were
there; where were the eight hundred and one now absent
from our ranks?
After singing, Mayor Alexander said, —
Veterans of the Twenty-Seventh: We have on the platform an
esteemed citizen and an old friend of yours. He had much to do
with the raising of your regiment, and at the time of your de-
parture, he spoke you words of encouragement and bade you
God-speed on your patriotic mission. He told you that the
clouds that then hung around the glorious stars and stripes,
would in God’s good time be lifted and the old flag wave again
in all its original brilliancy and beauty. He esteems it a high
privilege to be here to-day, to thank you in behalf of the city of
Springfield and Hampden County, for the gallant service you have
performed, and to join in the cordial welcome home.
Ex-Mayor Bemis responded :
Officers and Members of the Twenty-Seventh Regiment: I am
happy to join with his honor the mayor, and my fellow-citizens,
in welcoming you home once more, after the perils and trials you
have endured in defending the rights and the interests of the
Ld >
EX-MAYOR BEMIS'S WORDS OF CHEER. i3
country ; first, because in all the battles in which you have been
engaged you have been true to the country; you have never
turned your backs to the enemy, you have sustained the old flag,
and kept it floating in the breeze amid victory or defeat. Second,
I promised, when taking leave of you as you were about to go
forth to join the army of the Union, to keep you in remembrance,
and whether you returned alive and in health, or in the cold em-
brace of death, I would be present to aid in doing you honor,
either with the laurel or the cypress. And now we meet — you
covered with glory and victory. How well you have done your
duty we have from time to time had notice, and we have received
the rebel flags, emblems of your valor, and they have more than
once decorated our City Hall, where your friends at home have so
often met to consult together as to means to prosecute the war, or
to render aid to you and others on the distant battle-fields.
We welcome you home again — those who have been in prison,
as well as those of you who were placed in front of Charleston to
be shot down, and those who met the enemy in front of battle —
to mingle with your friends and fellow-citizens in the peaceful pur-
suits of civil life, to greet your fathers, mothers, wives, children,
and sweethearts; and to make your homes in our pleasant valley,
or on the sides of our mountains. How great the change must be
to you, fresh from the toil and hardships of war, to the abodes of
peace and plenty! Why, I should rather have the greetings of
the honest girls of Connecticut valley and the Berkshire hills, than
of all the slipshod trash, with their black attendants, that line the
whole Virginia shore. (Loud laughter and applause.) May you
have the satisfaction of living to a good old age to recount your
deeds of valor to your children and your children’s children, deeds
to be handed down by them to generations yet unborn. Pardon
me, gentlemen, if I hesitate, for I haven’t made a speech for two
years. I used to make speeches, when I had the vim in me, but I
don’t talk very well to-day, though I am considerably excited.
(Laughter and cheers.) When you left, I cautioned you not to
allow the enemy to reach their long spoons across the pickets to
dip into your porridge, for I would as soon go into the lower
regions to supper, as to fraternize in the least with those who
would kill and murder your brothers in cold blood. But you have
roc en hore
eeromerenas een
ng gen
eae aa
ee en ce ae ae ee
Se coer
eared ciemener
2 a eg aa
eee
374 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
done no such thing; the battles of New Berne, of Kinston, of
Whitehall, of Cold Harbor, of Fort Darling, and hosts of other
battles, attest your fidelity to your country and your determination
to meet the expectation of your friends.
But what tribute shall we pay to the departed ones— to those
who were killed in battle-—the brave, the noble-hearted Wilcox,
who held a captain’s commission in your regiment and fell in the
battle of Cold Harbor, and whose mortal remains now rest on the
soil of Old Virginia? Would to God that the dust of our brave
men who sleep their last sleep on her soil, may tend to bring to
remembrance hereafter the efforts of freemen while fighting for
liberty and right, as they view the hillocks which cover the re-
mains of our sainted patriots and heroes.
There is also the brave Major Walker, who fell in the same
battle, and the brave Capt. Sandford, who fell in front of Fort
Darling, and many other names whose memory will be remem-
bered and cherished while freedom and liberty have a home in
the hearts of men. Methinks I see them now. on the rugged banks
of Jordan, waiting to be wafted over the stream! I can almost
see the alabaster forms of the departed patriots and sainted dead
who have gone before them, on the other shore, beckoning them
across the stream to the glorious plains of the blessed land.
What are all the possessions of earth, all its honors, all its friend-
ships, all its show, all its vanity, compared to a peaceful rest
among the redeemed in heaven !
‘So fades the summer cloud away,
So sinks the gale when storms are o’er.”
May you have a pleasant meeting with all your friends, and be
prepared to meet your comrades who have gone before you to the
better land.
Col. Lee responded to the address of welcome : —
Mr. Mayor and Citizens of Springfield: In behalf of the Twenty-
Seventh Regiment, which I have had the honor to command for
the last three years, I tender you sincere and grateful thanks for
this sympathetic and generous reception. Three years ago you
bade us farewell with a hearty God-speed. We were then one
COLS. LEE AND BARTHOLOMEW’S REPLIES. 375
thousand strong, and were afterwards augmented to fifteen hun-
dred, and we come back to you to-day with the small number you
see before you. Some are now on the regiment’s old camping
ground in North Carolina, but the rest are in Southern prisons,
or their bones lie on the fields of Roanoke, New Berne, Goldsboro,
Whitehall, Drewry’s Bluff, and many others. There you will find
them. It has been my lot for the last two years to be separated
from the immediate command of the regiment, and I can conse-
quently speak without egotism in its praise. There are none
braver; no men in the army ever stood higher; they were never
backward or hesitating when called upon for duty of any kind.
It gives me much pleasure to thank you for this reception — though
in looking back through the past three years, in thinking of the
many who have fallen in battle, my feelings overcome me, and I
Cannot say what I would like — but I thank you most sincerely.
Three times three cheers were then given for the regi-
ment, the escort, the army and the Union, when loud calls
were made for Lieut. Col. Bartholomew, who responded :—
Brave boys! I am very happy to meet you again! I have been
absent from the regiment about four months, but you know not
how much I have thought of you. I expect now to go back and
have command of those you have left. I am sure they will keep
up the gallant reputation of the regiment, for no braver or better
men ever fought. Some of you will want to re-enlist, and I give
you all an invitation to join the Twenty-Seventh. (Applause and
laughter, with voices, ‘* We will!”) I have been home now six
weeks, and though I have been well treated, it is too quiet for me,
and I want to be back where there is more going on. You, I am
Sure, will find it so, too; but I must now bid you an affectionate
adieu.— Boys! If anybody should ever question your bravery,
send them to me. (Cheers and ‘* tigers.”)
At half-past two the order was given, ‘‘ Fall in for
rations,” and we marched into the City Hall, where a
sumptuous collation awaited us. While going through
the knife and fork manual, a choir of one hundred and
376 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
fifty misses rendered with much spirit, ‘‘ When Johnny
comes marching home again;” ‘* Rally round the Flag,”
and ‘‘Just before the Battle, mother.” ‘The whole recep-
tion was the work of the ladies; nor was it the first time
their kind hearts and ingenious hands had been enlisted for
our good. When an opportunity was offered the regiment,
we expressed our appreciation by three lusty cheers for the
ladies, and three more for the youthful singers who had
favored us.
Chaplain Woodworth closed the exercises of the day, by
recounting briefly the experiences of the regiment, tenderly
remembering their honored dead, and reminding the sur- ,
vivors that consistency required in returning to civil life
that they should be exemplar citizens, loyal to God and to
humanity. These remarks were worthy of note, but unfor-
tunately no permanent record of them was made, save as
they have moulded themselves into the subsequent lives of
his hearers.
The regiment remained at the ‘¢ Soldiers’ Rest” over
night, and were mustered out of the United States service
Tuesday, the 29th of September, with payment in full from
Feb. 14, 1864, and the one hundred dollars bounty due
each enlisted man. Lieut. George D. Ramsey, ordnance
officer from the Watertown Arsenal, received the camp and
garrison equipage, on inspecting which he paid the high
compliment to the regiment that they were in the best con-
dition of any yet returned.
2b MD MENA IO A MORO SE ORE EP YM
ANDERSONVILLE.
CHAPTER XIX.
ANDERSONVILLE.
SIXTY-TWO miles south-west from Macon, Ga., on the
Southwestern Railroad, in Sumter County, was situated a
little hamlet with a population not exceeding twenty in
number, known as Anderson. Like many of its kind, it
was in the midst of immense forests of pine, hemlock and
oak, in which were interspersed large and productive plan-
tations, lying at considerable distances apart. The country
is rolling and hilly, with a soil of reddish clay, indicative of
rich agricultural resources, and of large returns for labor
bestowed. The vicinity is noted for its numerous streams
and springs of clear, cold water, one, only twelve miles dis-
tant, known as Magnolia Spring, discharging sixty gallons
of water per minute, while it is in close proximity to a
Stream sufficient and suitable for laundry and bathing pur-
poses. These features are noticed because they present the
facilities for furnishing those supplies for which our men
lacked and for which they suffered most severely.
After viewing many places more eligible, Anderson was
selected by Howell Cobb, for reasons unknown, unless its
fitness for the terrible work it finally accomplished. When
selected, the entire ground was covered with a dense forest,
which was used in constructing the stockade, not a single
tree being left unfelled. The trees sheltered our race,
‘* Ere man learned
To hew the shaft, and lay the architrave,
And spread the roof above them.”
Asm ie _sinerscemmmittttaeateipnaat erties nmi tiaiti
eee ersten ra rea AI
378 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
A considerate man suggested to Howell Cobb that a little
shade would afford some protection to the prisoners, but
received the significant reply, ‘* That’s just what I won't
give! I'll make a place here for the d—d Yankees, where
they will rot faster than they can be sent.”
The enclosure was situated on a southerly slope, about
sixteen hundred feet from the railroad, and at first included
only twenty-two acres, but about July 1, 1864, it was in-
creased to twenty-seven acres. It was longest due north
and south, was fifteen hundred and forty feet long by seven
hundred and fifty feet wide, and was surrounded with a
stockade of hewn logs set closely together, so as to entirely
obstruct the exterior view. It was a double stockade; the
inner one at a height of twenty feet, with ‘‘ sentry boxes”
surmounting it thirty yards apart; and an outer stockade
one hundred twenty feet distant from the inner, twelve feet
high, intended to render escape more difficult, and to aid
in defence from without. Through a wide, oozy, slimy
quagmire, about one hundred and fifty yards from the
southern end, a sluggish stream, from three to five feet
wide and as many inches deep, flowed through the enclos-
ure from west to east. This stream, tainted with decay-
ing vegetation, received the wash and sinks from several
rebel camps, and the offal from an immense cook-house
above, and yet was for a time the only water supply fur-
nished for all our wants.
Seventeen feet from the inner stockade was a line of poles,
supported by crotched stakes, known as the ‘‘ dead line,”
beyond which to venture or extend a hand was certain death.
Deducting the land between the dead line and stockade, with
that occupied by the slough, there was an average space for
each prisoner of about thirty square feet. A grave for an
adult will average eighteen square feet.
Within such circumscribed area, thirty-five thousand men,
during the heat of summer, were compelled to perform all
LACK OF FUEL AND SHELTER. 379
the functions of life, cooking, washing, defecation, exercise
and sleep. As a result of the use of such water, and of
poor and ill-prepared food, chronic complaints rendered the
sinks along the stream of no use to those any distance there-
from, so that the grounds were strewed with excrement and
the swamp with feces and liquid filth. Under the action of
the sun the stench became so great that the inhabitants even
at a distance could not endure it, and sought an injunction
from the courts to secure a mitigation of the nuisance, or the
removal of the stockade.
Though the singing of the breezes could be heard in the
adjacent forests, no regular issue of fuel was made with
Which to cook such food as was furnished. For a time the
stumps of the original forest made up the deficiency ; but
these were soon exhausted, and our men would burrow in
the ground with cups and spoons, and follow each little
rootlet far into the earth with as much care as a miner
follows his vein of gold.
No friendly shelter greeted the unfortunate captive as
the creaking gate swung back for his admission, but an
irregular mass of booths, made from tattered blankets,
Whose ragged surface seemed to invite, rather than repel,
the scorching rays of the sun, or the drenching rains.
Others protected themselves by burrowing in the ground,
forming subterranean houses of unique construction, but
telling forcibly of extreme poverty and misery. By far the
larger part of the unfortunate men, however, had neither
booths nor burrows, but wandered by day in the scorching
sun or falling rain, and lay down to rest where night over-
took them. In such a jostling crowd there could be no
order or regularity ; hence each one secured the most favor-
able place, without regard to streets or formation, and squat-
ter sovereignty was the recognized law.
At first no rigid ‘search of prisoners was made, but soon
after, a complete system of robbery was adopted ; first by
380 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
the officers in charge, who took from our men all of their
valuables, and then turned them over to the rebel guard,
who stripped them at will of hats, coats, pants, and shoes,
unless they were worse than their own, or so badly worn
as to be unsalable. As a result, large numbers of prisoners
came within so nearly nude that the remnants of clothing
afforded the wearers but little protection. It was a com-
mon spectacle to see a ‘‘ fresh fish” (as a new arrival was
called) come into the stockade bare-headed, bare-footed, shirt-
sleeved and perhaps wearing a ragged shirt and pair of pants
which the guard had forced him to take in exchange for his
own. With destitution growing more distressing from month
to month, they were forced to wallow in the filthiness of this
pen, and were scantily fed from the garbage and offal of the
rebel stores.
The rations consisted of four ounces of meal (corn and
cob), two spoonfuls of rice, two of beans, with two ounces
of bacon per day, and occasionally a teaspoonful of salt. Had
these been wholesome and nutritive, they would still have
been inadequate to sustain the vital forces, but they were
frequently so offensive as to be past use. The regular
United States ration for a man in active service is thirty-seven
ounces per day, and, during the time now being consid-
ered, our government was issuing thirty-four and one-half
ounces per day to rebel prisoners. Of ordinary food our
animal economy requires thirty ounces to sustain unimpaired
its various functions, and, in its concentrated forms, not less
than seventeen ounces perday. Yet, all witnesses agree, that
the amount issued our men at Andersonville, was less than
ten ounces per day, and this often unfit for use.
I have said that the only supply of water furnished was
the stream through the swale, but this was in part remedied by
deep wells constructed by our men, one being estimated not
less than seventy feet deep. This was dug largely with cups
and spoons, and the earth drawn up by ropes made from the
Sat epee Ne Sonn
ad
Coenen eee ene
io ee : saadeaime 3 : a
Sea Sed aT SS EE SSE SET LE EE ES ea
A WONDERFUL PROVIDENCE. 381
clothes of the dead. During the latter part of this work we
were favored by our keepers with two shovels, a rope, and a
bucket, but were obliged to return them every night. These
wells, however, gave a limited supply, and were guarded
with zealous care, so that but few enjoyed their benefits. Tues-
day, the 9thof August, 1864, an awful thunder-storm visited
us, attended with a heavy fall of rain, which, gathering in
the slough between the two hills, undermined the stock-
ade — both above and below, — and covered the swale with
a swift current of water. The enemy were obliged to turn
out at double quick in the drenching rain to guard the
breaches, which our men, who were alike exposed, enjoyed
hugely. When the storm had passed, and the waters had
receded to the banks of the stream, it was found that the
swift current like a faithful scavenger, had cleared the swamp
of all its filth, and that at the foot of the hill and just over
the dead line, a spring of clear, cold water had burst forth,
sufficient to supply the wants of the entire camp. This
spring continued to flow undiminished, until our departure, a
constant reminder of God’s miraculous care and intervention.
No Moses had been sent to smite the rock, but none the less
had the Almighty cleansed this Gehenna by floods of water,
and opened the fountains of the earth to minister to the
wants of his suffering creatures.
The malign genius of this Gehenna was Brig. Gen’l John
H. Winder, Commissary General of Prisoners, a Balti-
morean by birth, and a bosom friend of Jefferson Davis.
Of medium height, his gray locks fell from beneath his
slouched hat nearly to his shoulders. The expression of his
Stony features was intensified by cold, gray, sunken eyes,
and a rigid mouth with corners well drawn down ; such a vis-
age as marks one who is the coward on the field, but who
can delight in torturing a helpless captive. _Winder’s barbar-
ities at Richmond had outraged the feelings of the rebel secre-
tary of war, who demanded his dismissal, but being a bosom
382 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
friend of Davis, during the month of May, 1864, he was
assigned to this distant post, where his ferocious nature
could have unfettered license. It was Winder, beholding the
three thousand and eighty-one graves filled during the month
of August, who boastingly said, ‘‘I am doing more for the
Confederacy than twenty regiments!” His terrible work was
ably forwarded by subordinates in sympathy with him, but
by none more effectually than by Henry Wirz, Captain C. S.
A. To him was assigned the infernal plot by which ina few
short months the adjacent cemetery was to become the resting
place of thirteen thousand Union soldiers, many of them
fathers, husbands, brothers or friends of my readers. ‘This
was not a triumph over wounded and enfeebled men, but
over the bone and sinew of our army who had dared to
meet the enemy in the place of their choice, and had bearded
them at the mouth of their own cannon.
The fiendish heart of Gen’l Winder gloated over the mul-
tiplying wrecks within, and sustained Wirz in any act, how-
ever atrocious. Their hands recklessly laid low many, who,
imbeciled in mind, thought by their plaintive pleadings, to
reach their hearts and secure a mitigation of their sufferings.
A Union soldier, familiarly known as ‘‘ Chickamauga,” from
having lost a limb in that battle, in semi-idiocy plead
with Wirz to relieve him from his torture, saying, ‘‘ I would
rather die than bear it longer!” to which he responded by
ordering the guard to ‘* shoot the d—d Yankee,” and in less
time than required to tell it, his soul was winging its up-
ward flight. Another prisoner lay helpless on the ground
and was ordered to fall in with his detachment, but being
too weak to obey, the heartless villain jumped with both
feet on his prostrate form, and a crimson tide from ears,
nose, and mouth, with a few gasps, told of another struggle
ended.
These instances, not excessive in brutality over multitudes
of others, must have prepared the minds of the reader to
LIBBY PRISON, AND THE SEARCH. 383
receive with full credence the following experiences of the
Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. as prisoners of war. The
record is made with no desire to rekindle animosities against
the perpetrators, nor to awaken anew the sorrow of years in
our own homes, but with a faithful desire to place in history
the memory of loyal, worthy sons of New England, who
thought no sacrifice too great to perpetuate the integrity of
our Union, and to make us all more grateful for the heritage
their sacrifice has secured for us. They were offered free-
dom if they would forswear their government, but they
chose rather to suffer a martyr’s death, than live a tainted
life.
The record left our captured men within the rebel gaol at
Richmond, at which place they arrived at nine a.m., May 16,
1864. The building in which they were confined was the
three-storied brick building known as Libby Prison. At
this time most of the former prisoners had been hurried off
to Andersonville, from fear incident to Gen’l Grant's forward
movement, and the building had been thoroughly renovated.
The officers were placed on the floor above the men, and
being left to themselves a short time, instituted measures to
ascertain the number captured. Corp. Alvin A. Gage of
Company I made a list of our men, und succeeded in get-
ting a copy of it, through a crack in the floor, to Lieut. J.
L. Skinner, by which it was ascertained there were nine offi-
cers and two hundred and thirty-eight men present.
Dick Turner and his light-fingered satellites soon appeared,
their eyes gloating over the new victims, which the ** gods
of war” had delivered into their power. The statement was
made that they were about to search us, and that if any
had money, watches, or valuables of any kind, and would
surrender them without search, they would take their names,
with the amount or articles surrendered, and when exchanged,
would return all to them; but if they were obliged to search
for them, everything found would be confiscated. But few
REFLECTIONS OF A PRISONER. 385
384 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
men were moved across the street to the Pemberton build-
ing. This structure fully justified all that had been said of
its filthiness. The seams of the walls and floors swarmed
placed confidence in this statement. The men were antaner
to strip, and arope was stretched across the room to separate
the fleecer and his victim from the prisoners. One by one
they were examined, and as fast as the space was filled at the
rear, the line was moved, until all had passed the ordeal. |
The search being in full sight of the captives, — the vir
lany and wilful malice of these monster ‘shome guards
was discovered. They confiscated equipments, canteens,
haversacks and rubber blankets, leaving only woollen blank-
ets (to such as had them), and these simply because they nce aie
were not allowed to use anything with the hated letters ‘*U Hilt adiiria pile’ Well Wy ‘eas hae eas
S.” uponit. This, however, did not surprise us, is but when
it became evident that the robbery included, beside money
and other valuables, the photographs of our friends at home,
and that a smile of villanous satisfaction greeted their dis-
covery, while all pleadings to retain them were vain, our
ic spirit of our foe ; : , Saas
hearts sank, and a new sense of the satanic spirit Z ing my lot. A rigorous foe withholds all communication,
overwhelmed us.”—(C. C. Hosford.) The search pro-
Siege and as for affording our friends relief, the grave could not
gressed with varied success, each of our men ha his wits enforce a more cruel silence. We know not what is before
end to contrive ways to save their treasures. The amount us, but turn our eyes northward and longingly inquire,
of money obtained was very small, the largest sum being
from Col. Lee, of less than one hundred dollars. Edgar C. “Land of my birth, shall I greet thee again? ”
Brewster, of Company A, had about eighty dollars in green-
backs with him, all of which he saved by dividing it amongst
his company, some placing it in their mouths, while others
uncapped their blouse buttons and put the money within.
When any article of an officer was coveted, extravagant
offers in Confederate money were made, but the article was
always for a personalfriend, and ‘if it fitted, they would
return the money, otherwise the goods.” A few were
caught in this way, one of our officers being offered three
hundred and seventy-five dollars and a pair of partly worn
army shoes for his boots. It is unnecessary to say It was an
old trick with them, and neither was the money paid or
the boots returned. When the search was completed the
with vermin, against which it was as useless to contend as
to beat the air.
The sudden relaxation from active conflict, the humilia-
tion of defeat; and vain longings for one more grasp of
the rifle to retrieve one’s honor, are feelings which experi-
€nce can alone portray. ‘The loved ones at home: God
have mercy on them, when
when dread uncertainty shall pale the cheek of mother, wife,
lover or sister ; when the dimmed eye of father shall trace
in the list of « niissing,” my name; when the home circle
shall realize for me all the ills which war entails, and each
day go through for me the last sad rites of earth, not know-
7? :
With such thoughts our hearts rebelled against our lot and
against the fate which left us passive spectators of our
country’s necessities.
As already stated, we reached Richmond, Va., at nine
A.M., May 16th, but it was the afternoon of the 17th before
any attention was paid to our wants, at which time we were
Served with a genuine <« Argonaut bean soup” and a small
Piece of corn bread, but each in such quantity as to mock
the gnawings of hunger, which by this time were becoming
unendurable. We soon found that any attention to our
wants was to be a question of convenience, rather than of
necessity. Says Charles Weed, of Company E, who was
386 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. ARRIVAL AT ANDERSONVILLE. 387
sleep. When it became known we were to pass throuch
Tl eve GN ES ay : g
North Carolina — our old camping-ground — endless plans
wounded when captured, ‘‘ I have seen our men suffering
for months from painful wounds, but their hunger was so
‘ ot ¥~ vs » y vat ‘ > i nq lel ~ ~
For eighty days I { escape were made, even to the seizing of the train, but
the difficulty of united action, and the fact that our route
was so far inland, prevented any attempt. The route for
the most part lay through immense forests, in the midst of
Which, at short intervals, the train stopped for wood and
water. The night we passed through Salisbury, a portion
of the men were allowed to lie on the top of the car, While
Stopping for water, Lewis A. Drury of Company C, made
his escape, but was recaptured soon after, and sent to An-
dersonville. After leaving Augusta, Ga., Sergt. Bartholo-
mew O’Connell, Corp. J. W. Brizzee and Private George W.
Taylor, all of Company C, succeeded in cutting ‘a hole
through the floor of the car, and, the night of the 29th of May,
under cover of darkness, effected their escape, the account
of which will be found farther on.
intense as to drown all other sufferings.
lay without change of lint on my wounds, shirt on my per-
son, or clothes on the cot, with the heat much of the time
from ninety to one hundred and ten degrees in wee shade,
but my greatest suffering was from incessant hunger.
After we had been a week at Richmond, the reverbera-
tions from the guns of the Army of the Potomac greeted
our ears ; sounds pleasant to us, but reminding the city of its
a . * P 2 . . ‘ 2 3 , 1e
precarious condition, and the authorities of the fact that tl
Union army had at last an invincible general. At two
o’clock, the morning of May 93d, we were marched across
the James River to Manchester, and boarded a freight train
for removal south. The cars were filled to their utmost
capacity, each containing about seventy-five men and four
suards,.the latter from the Third Virginia Militia. We
arrived that night at Danville, where we remained until the
On arriving at Andersonville, we formed in line near the
north gate, on an elevation overlooking the stockade. At
25th inst., awaiting transportation. Our course _— lay
through Greensboro, Salisbury, Charlotte, N. C., and
Columbia, S. C., at the last of which places, the train was
held an hour to gratify the women’s curiosity to see a ‘ live
Yankee.” From Columbia we reached Branchville, and took
the Charleston and Augusta road for the latter place. At
Augusta, Ga., we received humane treatment, and were
permitted to occupy a cotton-pen during the night, resum-
ing our journey the following day. Such officers as were
with us, were left at Macon Sunday, May 29th, while the en-
listed men were forwarded over the Southwestern road to
Andersonville, where they arrived at an early hour May 30, | i sebidl : ani itions choosing
1864. ) bi wn commissariés to receive and distribute the rations
We had been a full week en route, with a mere pittance of :
food, over roads so rough, that the jolting of the train was
painful in the extreme. Our crowded condition rendered
the heat oppressive, and prevented lying down for rest or
this time it contained about fifteen thousand prisone
: rs, the
sickening sight of whose destitution lay fully in
H view.
1ere ry y Ta Gis ’ : 7 aT. i ;
ere we were again thoroughly searched, but with unsatis-
factory results to the enemy. We were then designated as
‘* Detachment 69,” and enough men from other organizations
were added to it to complete the required number. A de-
tachment consisted of two hundred and seventy men, over
which a rebel sergeant was placed, whose chief duty was to
‘all the roll each day. This detachment was divided into
three squads of ninety men each; and each squad into three
““messes” of thirty men; these sub-organiz:
Later in the season, the number of deaths so re-
duced the detachments, that many were consolidated, and
the smaller numeral retained for its name; while at other
limes new prisoners were included to fill up the number,
388 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
As a fact, the Twenty-Seventh, during its experience here,
were parts of several different detachments, but for the pur-
pose of this history, they will be known as ** Detachment
No. 69.”
The work of search and organization being completed, the
north gate creaked heavily back on its hinges, and two by
two we marched into this abode of death. Crowds were
gathered beyond the dead-line, curious who the new arrivals
(fresh fish!) might be, and anxious to know of the fortunes of
our arms. Their unkempt hair, glaring eyes, their sharp-
ened visages blackened by pitch-pine smoke, and their tat-
tered, filthy garments, rendered them embodiments of de-
spair, and horrid spectres of suffering and want. A sicken-
ing realization of what was in store for us, was read in the
features of our unfortunate comrades, but the half could not
be conceived, and
“ The half has never been told.”
Passing the crowded grounds to the easterly side, and
crossing the quagmire on a path near the dead-line, we
halted just across the border of the marsh, and with spoons,
cups and such conveniences as were with us, commenced
throwing. dirt into the slimy depths, to. construct sufficient
grounds on which to bivouac. We at length succeeded,
though the surface was so elastic that it yielded to our
weight, and through the cracks oozed the filthy slime which
showed what the foundation was. The crowded condition
of the stockade left this as our only alternative, but as the
sequel shows, it was a terrible one, and with the malaria,
stench and miserable food, became the subsequent cause of
disease and death.
‘‘ For twenty-one days following, the clouds gathered and burst
over the ill-fated camp, the men wet through by day and night,
with hardly a ray of sunshine or starlight, during the entire
time.”"— (J. E. Perry, Company I.)
~ ro
SURGEONS CALL — THE HOSPITAL. 389
The camp was one vast slush of mud, and our position (bad
enough at the best), was available only as we stood halter’ r
ig our knees in mud, while our clothes were besmeared iid
Dead to foot with filth. The constant use of corn and cob
meal in a raw state, added to our exposure, soon told upon
Our men, and by the 20th of June the death record of the
Twenty-Seventh at Andersonville was commenced by the
decease of Mahlon M. Merritt of Company C, while terve
neg were suffering from chronic diarrhea. .
66 Qa wcee ’
Rap aeitg non ” was nerd between the stockades,
a side the South gate,” to which point our sick
atalis crawl, or, if unable to do so, were carried by their
CONaR AAAS The bearers immediately returned into the i.
ane leaving the patients’ names affixed to their clothing for
ee when they were beyond consciousness. Fees
oe sick would remain for hours awaiting the surgeon, and
. not received into the hospital, were sent SHR Nae the
S ockade, or when necessary, word was sent to the squad
to assist them back. The hospital was situated outside nis
hi ape south-easterly corner of the stockade. It consisted
hi tag ee wnt which had been ‘* condemned for
without eau, ne ne prunes were simply canvas spreads,
O @» » ds maa Af mic : ° 6
storms and winds. de the dampness of night or the driving
The entire hospital was a diserac :
such only by dia for tf his ap My oe pages
Straw, graced the place, but bie Wits nny oe eo hha
and ‘sutivins Ri, g ws of men in poverty
feed ering found their bed upon the earth. There, in
al hed ee out by their own hands, lay hundreds of
met : ered almost to the neck with a mantle of earth, to
nit nad from the swarming pest of flies and ver-
faved tance . pe ch a its cooling touch gave their
sissies sales eateries even, were inadequate to
rule was ‘ly adc | ag arse pase of patients, and the
early adopted to receive no more into the hospital,
rere ceo ean eae nr ee
oem anrerecaes
Se er
bar
cree ie eens ee
en
sama
390 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
than would replace the deaths of the previous twenty-four
hours. On this account the deaths within the stockade
began to multiply, so that, during the months of August
and September, these exceeded those within the hospital
by two hundred and seventy-one; there being three thou-
sand and fifteen deaths in the stockade and twenty-seven
hundred and forty-four in the hospital.
The record shows that seventeen thousand eight hundred
and seventy-three of our men* were admitted to this hos-
pital, and that etght thousand seven hundred and thirty-
seven of that number died, a mortality of nearly forty-nine
per cent. ‘To judge of the reasonableness of such a record,
contrast the treatment of two hundred and fifteen thousand
cases of the same diseases by United States surgeons in our
camps and hospitals, in which the percentage of deaths was
less than five per cent. Two million five hundred and
seventy thousand cases of wounds and disease were treated
in our hospitals during the years of 1862 and 1863, of which
number only two and one-half per cent. were futal. Of
forty-two thousand four hundred able-bodied men incar-
cerated in this Gehenna, twelve thousand nine hundred and
sixty-eight are buried in the cemetery adjoining. These
were the flower of our army captured at the extreme front,
and from them the grim messenger reaped the rich harvest
of thirty and one-half per cent.
“ Deliverer !
God anointed thee to free the oppressed.
Nor dost thou interpose,
Only to lay the sufferer asleep,
Where he who made him wretched, troubles not
His rest: thou dost strike down his tyrant too,
And avenge the wrong of him, who knows
No other friend.”
The medical staff was entirely inadequate to the emer-
gency, and were prohibited from adapting remedies to par-
* This has no reference to the sick and to deaths in the stockade.
BURIAL OF THE DEAD. 391
ticular constitutions, but were required to prescribe for each
disease a remedy officially designated by a number, furnished
by the ‘‘medical purveyor.” Equipped with a knowledge
of the prevailing diseases, and an official list of remedies,
the veriest quack could have been as successful as the most
skilled physician. To the credit of the profession, be it
said, many physicians refused to be partners in this awful
crime, and withdrew from the service. The carnival of
death was thus unimpeded by medical skill, and in one day
(the 23d of August) one hundred and twenty-seven of our
comrades at this pen passed to ‘‘ where the wicked cease from
troubling and the weary are at rest,” an average of one death
every eleven minutes for the entire twenty-four hours.
At a stated time each day, the detachments brought their
dead to the dead-line near the gate, where the bodies were
piled upon mule-carts like cordwood, and borne away to the
cemetery. Details from the prisoners were paroled and sent
to the cemetery for the burial of the dead, for which labor
they were allowed double rations that day. At the cemetery
long trenches were dug, within which the bodies were laid
as close as possible, and, after being strewn with quicklime,
were hastily buried. At the head of each body was placed
a stake, with a number scratched upon it by a metallic point.
One of our prisoners made a private record of these num-
bers, with the names of the deceased opposite them, by which
timely act, it has been possible to recognize the graves of
twelve thousand four hundred and sixty-one Union prisoners
in Andersonville cemetery, leaving only five hundred and
seven graves at that place with the sad inscription, —
UNKNOWN
UNITED STATES SOLDIER.
1864.
How touching and fitting this act of our government in
claiming these unknown dead, and in lieu of their own
anya ttined apna tpn amaen ssn m mare taee e
Pin eae APSR T acne eete Oe-2— = 2
<<
— far iit ms ic “ee aay fan as hen i running attudnel fifty’ fest: deyvord, tha eae te
ion and proper observance of our country s natal day. oe intending to effect escape the ea utsiens ae
ea eaesn a uns ary ke. Phe em is vadisirlaage ap ble. During that day one of the Eighth Connecticut in his
was resounding with cheers and patriotic songs from tens 0 anxiety, had gone into the tunnel to be sure all was right,
thousands of voices, the inspiration of which was, an uncon- wlhath-auadicboiins tc ici a Gaur Seca od attgr utes —
alternatives of either breaking the ground and attempting
the night of the 6th, before they completed the issue upon the
north side. Amongst the last of those to receive food was
‘ Detachment 69.’ No rations had been issued us since eleven
o’clock., July 2d, and those were only intended for that
day.”—(O. C. Hosford, Company A.) We cannot depict
the famishing sufferings of men for four days deprived of
food ; suffice to say, that though issued to the men raw, they
rushed to the water, wet their meal, and ate it down unsea-
soned and uncooked.
ry 4 . a
Ihe daily routine was now and then broken by rumors of
During July, some of Detachment 69 had succeeded in
scious, yet consecrated patriotism, which endured ignominy,
sufferings, and death, rather than tarnish their loyalty and
394 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
escape, or else to remain and suffocate. In choosing the
former he succeeded in getting to the woods, but within an
hour was returned to camp. The quartermaster was soon
around with his squad of negroes, and, while they filled our
tunnel, he tauntingly remarked, ‘ You have done right
smait, boys; this is the best yet! but it must have been
right tough business with cups and spoons. Next time come
to me and I will loan you a shovel and pick. Td keep on;
it will keep you from rotting to dig in the dirt, but we sha’n’t
let you get out all the same.”
July 30th, Corp. Perry of Company I, wrote, ‘* We have
lost two days’ rations this week from the enemy’s suspicions ;
we are being starved, dying, will soon be dead.” Why did
not the mighty energy of despair nerve the whole camp to
There were those who lacked neither
organized revolt?
erstood too well the
energy or courage, but the enemy und
axiom, ‘all that a man hath will he give for life,” and
lose between
hence adopted a régime which drew the line so c
66 to
life and death, that some poor starving one was sure
cave” and reveal the whole plan before it could be consum-
mated. A comprehensive plan to seize the camp and guards
was thus defeated by one of its trusted leaders. The stock-
ade had been undermined, and could have been torn down at
several points in a few moments, but, for a morsel of corn
bread, the whole plan was exposed. If by any means a man
escaped, he was sure to be recaptured and returned by the
bloodhounds which made daily circuit of the camp, unless
the work of capture was so thoroughly done as to render
their return unessential.
To maintain u show of clothing often required consider-
able ingenuity. Says one of Company A, ** I kept cutting
off the legs of my pants to mend the seat, until all that was
left was the seat.” Another: ** To economize, I would wear
my pants a short time, and then substitute my drawers for
pants. Asa last resort, I used the one to mend the other,
TWO SIDES OF SUCH LIFE. 395
until it was hard to tell whether they were pants or drawers.”
As a rule, all one had was on his person, and in time hues
became so ragged that it was hard to tell where the clothes
began or the holes ended.
It 1s not surprising that, under such experiences, much
depravity was developed. An organized gang of robbers
was discovered, and many cases of personal violence and
murder reported. This resulted in the organization of a
Vigilance committee, by whom the guilty parties were appre-
hended. By permission of Capt. Wirz, these were tried
and condemned ‘‘to be hung till dead,” by a court consti-
tuted with judge, counsel and jury chosen from among the
prisoners. The sentence was executed the attended of
July 11th, and produced a salutary effect. Later, during
the progress of exchange, many were deprived of their oly
chance for life, —when too feeble to respond for exchange, —
by others responding to their names and claiming to “a the
persons intended. ‘This was the trick of the professional
‘‘bounty jumper,” who eagerly seized such opportunities
and was sure to succeed, unless through the silat
pm tae of the friends of the sick. Many died after
1eir names were upon the exchange r se wer
often unreported, i that sacah Goan van akholane
: ght respond and secure
exchange in their place.
* There were those who remembered their higher obliga-
uaa wri ion ind cca . sey daily offered their
erage sbi angely, because it seemed as
ei we had already reached the world of despair.
vs were meetings for prayer where each sought to
et ene NEPAD the other, and to confirm one
s faith in the promise that ‘‘all things shall work
together for good.” No clearer record of the fatal effects of
the treatment endured by us, nor more unanswerable indict-
ment against the enemy can be made, than is found in the
annexed statement, showing the deaths from month to
396 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
month, with the aggregate loss of each company and of
oa
the regiment in captivity.
DEATHS FROM OUR REGIMENT IN REBEL PRISONS.
MONTH.
mk Cc | | :
UN ok an wk | :
July, . ; , : : ° /
August, .
September,
October,
November,
December,
January, 1865,
February,
ee Ee ee ee
sna.” ; ; : is ie |
Unknown,
3
21 |
Total,
Perhaps it should be said in explanation, that the decrease
of deaths during September may be accounted for by the
sickness and absence at Macon of Wirz, the last of August
and early September, during which time our rations were
increased in quantity and quality, and also that the removal
for ‘¢supposed exchange” inspired us with new courage and
fortitude to endure our misfortunes. The removal to Millen
and other prisons, of men expecting exchange, was a terrible
disappointment, and renewed with us in October the fatalities
of August.
Of the two hundred thirty-eight of our men confined at
Richmond, three escaped on their way South, leaving two
per cent. of the number incarcerated.
ORDERED AWAY — RAILROAD ACCIDENT. 397
hundred thirty-five admitted to Andersonville. Of those
included in this table, eight died from wounds which might
have been fatal in our hospitals, leaving an aggregate of one
hundred and twenty deaths, or a little more than Jifty-one
These were not, we
repeat, effeminate or crippled men, but the bone and sinew
of the Twenty-Seventh and of New England, who in the
day of battle were,
“Where duty called or danger,”
every inch men and heroes.
September 2d Gen’l Sherman’s victorious army entered
Atlanta, one hundred and ten miles distant, resulting in
the hasty removal of the Andersonville prisoners. Fears of
an attempt at release by the Union forces had already drawn
from Wirz his infamous order: «If the United States forces
come within seven miles, the entire artillery will be opened
on the inmates of the stockade.”
On the 14th of September «* Detachment 69” was ordered
away, and with nothing of luggage and preparation, were
promptly in line. Nature never seemed so lovely as when
we emerged from that desert of death and viewed once
more the broad green fields with their flowers and adjacent
forests ; and we realized as never before, what had almost
— a dream of youth, the beauties of «« God’s handi-
work.” The enemy carefully promulgated the idea that our
removal was for Na faces sate 6 oe a pte
ge, g b eans to avoid
attempts at escape, as they could not furnish sufficient
oO +H a . o
guards for the train. About four miles out, the engine
Jumped the track ili s
Jumped the track, telescoping the cars, killing
= and severely wounding nineteen more. Many of the
aie se nae Mass. received severe injuries, but not
8) 7 y e hee - o »
eing wholly disabled, were not included in the list of
Bcd We bivouacked that night near the scene of
the disaster ‘etur
ster and were returned next morning te Anderson-
fifteen pris-
cg == SIRES OA I
pe na ag poodle ag le nn
SS =
=
Pr ome 0 at
en arm eee
a eT
2 a] -
ible story of Southern prisons. That the nineteenth
cer ee eee we .
entury should have witnessed such scenes of wanton cruelty
and neglect, seems almost beyond belief. The record ad-
mits of neither denial nor apology. We may forgive, but
to forget is impossible. Asa driven nail leaves its scar when
withdrawn, so the story of our wrongs will leave a scar
which even the spirit of Christian forgiveness cannot efface.
How can we forget the thirty-six thousand comrades buried
near the site of rebel prisons, or the blighted lives of thou-
sands more who survived only to die as they reached their
homes ; or the shattered constitutions of men still forced to
rely upon a grateful country’s bounty ?
SOL ila tina De Sine ac cote mala Tin
aati
aac a AP TIE OTTO a
eae eer TRIES
408 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
CHAPTER XxX.
OFFICERS IN PRISON.
Muon of the experience of enlisted men in rebel prisons
was also endured by officers in the hands of the enemy, and
after what has already been written, need not be repeated.
On reaching Libby Prison, May 16, 1864, they were re-
quired to register their names, rank, regiment and com-
pany. They were then subjected to examination for per-
sonal effects, as already described, with the statement: ‘ If
you surrender your valuables without search, they will be
returned when you are exchanged, but failing to do this,
they will be confiscated.” The consequences to those who
voluntarily surrendered their valuables to Turner were sad
to contemplate, for they introduced themselves into captivity
without any means to relieve its misfortunes.
After search, the officers were confined on the third floor
of that famous gaol, Libby Prison. It was a large three-
story building, containing nine rooms, each about forty by
one hundred feet. The lower floor was used for hospital
and guard purposes. The building was close to the Lynch-
burg Canal and the James River. In full view across the
river was the village of Manchester, and beyond, mag-
nificent plantations with mansions, groves, and waving
fields, reaching far to the south and east. Looking from
the opposite side was that charnel-house for enlisted men,
Castle Thunder; the tents of our guards; and the uninviting
rear walls of buildings facing another street.
USELESS REQUISITIONS. 409
No rations were issued until the next day, under the
economical plea, ‘‘ prison rations were drawn but once a
day,” our arrival (nine A.M.) being too late to be included
that day. It was a very convenient rule, and was found
elastic enough to preclude the issuing of rations to all pris-
oners the day of their arrival. It must have been in recog-
nition, if not in acknowledgment of the fact, that the surest
means of destroying courage and fortitude, was to withhold
the means of sustaining life. On the afternoon of the 17th
a few old United States army blankets, —discarded by
former prisoners,—with one cup, spoon, and plate for
three, and some black bean soup, were issued to us. Hun-
sty as we were, many declined the unpalatable dish.
When our funds were taken, Turner said we might draw
against them at the rate of seven dollars in Confederate
currency to one of greenbacks, not to exceed one hundred
dollars per month. A few days later he appeared with a-pen
and requisitions, saying that if signed by us he would bring
the funds the next morning. The third day he returned,
claiming there was some informality in the first requisition,
When a second was signed, and a few days later he sought sig-
natures to a third, on the same pretext. This we refused, and
it is hardly necessary to add we heard nothing farther from
our funds. Fortunately, Col. Lee espied a familiar face
upon the street, whom he recognized as formerly attached to
the United States Armory at Springfield, and succeeded in
getting a note to him, inducing him to call. As he left, he
Slipped one hundred dollars into Col. Lee's hands, and soon
after sent in a basket containing knife, fork, spoons, cup,
basin, and towel, all of which was contributed to the mess
of the captured officers of the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt.
Dick Turner, who was the animating spirit of this gaol,
was a vindictive Baltimorean, and so close a counterpart.of
Gen’ Winder, his chief, was he, as to often be himself the
instigator of acts of brutality. He so completely overawed
410 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
all sense of humanity in subordinates as to impress a doubt
as to its possession by any of them. One of them has
remarked, since the war, ‘‘ Turner is the greatest scoundrel
that ever went unhung.”
After remaining at Richmond until May 31st, we were
aroused, at five A. M.,and ordered to get ready to go south.
As we filed out of Libby, half a loaf of corn bread, and a
slice of bacon was given to each, and, after a slight delay, we
were marched over the river to Manchester, the terminus of
the Danville Railway. Here we were hustled into box-cars,
and at 7.30 A. M. started for Danville, at which place we
arrived about one o’clock the morning of June lst. At
seven A. M. we were transferred to the Greensboro road and
to the care of a detachment of the Third Virginia Infantry,
under a Lieut. Gay. We were favored with passenger
coaches on this road to Greensboro, but at that place sixty-
two-officers were crammed into a box-car at the point of the
bayonet. At two a. M. June 2d we started for Salisbury,
but the train moved with great difficulty, and with frequent
delays to get up steam. A drenching rain — by cooling the
air — made our overcrowded condition more endurable.
While waiting at Salisbury, a citizen recognized Col.
White of the Fifty-Fifth Pennsylvania Regiment, and entered
into conversation with him. A guard named Arnold ordered
Col. White back, and away from the car door. From some
cause the guard failed to attract Col. White's attention,
which resulted in the latter being roughly seized by the
guard and thrust back, with the exclamation, ‘‘ Go in there
you Yankee son of a !” Capt. Belger protested
against such treetment, which the guard resented by levelling
his musket at him saying, ‘I’ll learn a Yankee how to talk
tome!” He was checked from firing by a Capt. Carpenter—
who was sitting upon the roof of the car, — saying, ‘‘ I see
no cause for such treatment.” The enraged Arnold struck
Carpenter several times upon his feet and legs with his
SOME SPECIMENS OF CHIVALRY. 411
gun, when the latter withdrew from his reach, and sup-
posed the affair ended. A few moments later the guard
appeared upon the car behind Capt. Carpenter, and dealt
him two stunning blows upon his head with his musket, and
left him with the exclamation, ‘‘ There! d—n you, take
that!” While efforts were being made to resuscitate the
injured man, Lieut. Gay happened along, and, hearing
Arnold's story, called the guards around him and delivered
the following tirade: ‘* I’ve heard of Arnold’s affair. He
did just right! Don't you take a word from the d—n
Yankees. If they don’t mind at the first word, put a bullet
through ’em, d—n’em! Arnold did just right!” " oe
: t term being known as ‘‘ dried herring,” the hichest
order j se ma, Pe T S ee
: rin the fraternity. When any were enrolled for ex-
Cné re * t4 Tar ; : 1
i they were known as ‘ pickled sardines.”
V itech oie é = . re
were hardly within the enclosure, before most of us
1eard our names familiarly ce: '
lames familiarly called from the motley crowd,
and gs ; cally
soon found ourselves surrounded by old-time associates
from Nor .
O |Y + 4h Q ;
North Carolina. These included among others, Gen’l
rte en Col. Fellows of the Seventeenth Mass ,
a = ab, Sampson and Lieut. H. L. Clark of the Second
ae Heavy Artillery, and Col. Swift, brother of Capt.
aptislionts Suaeionebioe tre en
ai d us with all possible hos-
pitality, and as we were conveniently late to excuse our
Fa trom issuing rations to us that day, they generously
C Wt their meagre pittance to relieve our peccanitiein:
me seine — —— here in confinement, who had been in
— : J we ards of twenty months, and, amidst accumulat-
ng disappointments and poverty, had sunk into moral
a and squalid personal neglect. This is hardly to be
wondered at, for the impression had fixed itself upon their
414 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
minds that their country was needlessly neglecting them to
waste and die in captivity. While there was much to sug-
vest former education and refinement, yet their spirits had
kins so broken, and their surroundings 80 repulsive,
that they easily fell into low vulgarity and apace ne
the most complete neglect of person and poe
‘‘ Fresh fish ” when they arrived, would often pecistast geen
diseust at what seemed to them, our needless aqanak: These
would determine to show ‘‘ cod” and ‘‘ herrings, how ,
gentleman could live, but after a few weeks’ combat, they
would yield to the inexorable, and often prove the most
squalid of all. It is worthy of note, however, that oe -
far forgot their love for country as to falter In their loyalty.
Roll- all was effected each morning by deploying a com-
pany across the centre of the enclosure, then on a
ing all the prisoners to one side, and counting t te as , y
filed through the line to the opposite side. But so man)
tricks were played upon the guards in doing this, —
often required three hours, and two or three counts to “ )
them. For amusements, clubs were formed in wicket,
cricket, and base ball; while those seeking ae
sought it in the study of the languages, rhetoric and u
ler’s Analogy.” ;
June 10th, five generals, nine colonels, eleven lieutenant-
colonels and twenty-five majors were removed from the
stockade, and carried to Charleston, S. C., for the pare
of placing them under fire of our batteries, then ongnom
in bombarding that place. Gen’ls Wessell and Heckman,
with Col. H. C. Lee and Lieut. Col. W. G. Bartholomew,
were included ia this number. For a time they wens con-
fined in Charleston Jail, but under a protest from Gen’l Sey-
mour, the senior Union officer present, they were vate we
the choice of any unoccupied house within the bombardec
district. They selected a three-story house on Broad a
near Ashley River, and secured commodious and healthfu
UNDER FIRE AT CHARLESTON, 8. C. 415
quarters, They were permitted to purchase extra supplies,
and though under the fire of our batteries, and confined to
prescribed limits, were more favorably situated than any
equal number of Union prisoners elsewhere. That they did
not suffer from the barbarous act of their saptors, is due to a
marked providence, rather than to a disposition on the part
of their enemies. The act of placing our helpless prisoners
protested against by our former commander,
Maj. Gen’l John G. Foster, then commanding the Union
forces before Charleston, and a requisition was made on
our
under fire was
government for prisoners equal in number and rank, to
place under the fire of their batteries in retaliation. The
requisition was honored by our government, and an equal
number of Confederate officers were placed under the fire
of the rebel guns, until an exchange was effected Aug. 2,
1864. The exchange did not involve the abandonment of
this inhuman policy, for six hundred more Union officers
were brought to Charleston July 31st, and replaced those
released. Included in this number were the remaining
Officers belonging to the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. As
illustrating the ineffectiveness of our blockade, Col. Lee
Writes, an average of two blockaders per week arrived
during his stay at Charleston, S. C.
The debilitating effect of intense heat and s ‘anty rations,
upon those retained at Macon, created extreme dissatisfac-
tion, and reports favoring an exchange were magnified into a
reality, «« Exchange fevers ” ran high, and usually arose
from lies originating with our keepers, that they might en-
JOY and taunt our disappointed hopes.
frequent and attended with equal disadvantages and disap-
pointments as with our enlisted men; and deaths at the dead-
line — in proportion to numbers present — were as frequent
and barbarous as at Andersonville. Foolish attempts were
made to repre
threatened w
Tunnelling was as
8s expressions of loyalty, and chaplains were
ith dire vengeance if they persisted in invoking
416 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
the Divine blessing upon our cause. The morning = =
4th was observed by patriotic songs and speeches, ns ots
officer entered, threatening the orators with irons and so eg
confinement, if they persisted in any farther ist nae =
When Capt. Tabb prohibited praying for the prest en : =
United States, Chaplain Dixon of the Sixteenth Connec _ ,
at once stepped forward and warmly invoked pecepbes ce
upon all in authority, especially the president, his = . :
our armies. Capt. Tabb withdrew in disgust, remal —
vi smart prayer, but I dont believe it will rr
anything.” Such petty tyranny was as ineffectual as 1t w
puerile and vindictive. ; ou
July 27th, orders were received to move = seat bene
orders meant more to us than to those who issued them, fo
they suggested opportunities for escape, and to ne ces
included such preparations as would enable us to aval on
selves of the first opportunity of getting free. _—. 7
detachment was removed to Charleston, 5. C., July 28th.
The remainder left Camp Oglethorpe the 29th inst. A num-
ber got under rather than in the cars, and = a ae
stopped for wood and water, made good their escape. Ot
busied themselves cutting through the floor of the cars, intenc -
ing to attempt escape when near the coast. Our sen ap 7
great when we found ourselves rushing past the Char es =
Railroad junction, and before we could sasprphoeer be
course and perfect new plans, we were borne into Savan-
. sii - ‘ ‘t] of
nah. Our prison-pen at this place consisted of a Sere a
: . - 7 ‘los fee sides with
the Marine Hospital grounds, enclosed on three f d
a ar nee, an
an eight-foot brick wall, surmounted by a board fe , , a
upon the fourth side by a twelve-foot board fence. ever
FROM SAVANNAH TO CHARLESTON. 417
provement in quantity and quality over those at Oglethorpe.
To make escape doubly difficult, elevated fires were kept
burning during the night between the dead-line and walls,
and a line of sentries were posted without and at some dis-
tance from the enclosure, so as to detect the opening of tun-
nels outside the grounds. We remained here with usual
prison experiences some six weeks, Col. Wayne being at
<
times lenient and liberal, at others morose, fitful, and vindic-
tive ; so that it was impossible to predict a day’s experience
In advance
/@
Monday eve, Sept. 12, 1864, orders came to « pack up
and be ready to move to-morrow morning at five o’clock.”
The night was spent in preparation and surmise, the wish
©xpressed being that this move might be to ‘* God’s Coun-
try,” another name for home. Morning found us crowded
into coal cars, old, filthy, and dilapidated, and our train
moving northward along the coast. In passing Pocotaligo,
we were within eleven miles of the Union lines, and, had
night favored us, an attempt would have bee
power the guard. Our journey, however, passed without
incident, and we arrived at Charleston, S. C., September
13th, at two Pp. mM. We were incarcerated in Charleston
Jail, as filthy, verminous, and comfortless a place
be imagined,
n made to over-
as could
Permanent gallows graced the enclosure, and
everything indicated it as having been the
abode of crimi-
nals of the worst character.
Within this gaol we found
portions of the Massachusetts Fifty-Fourth and Fifty-Fifth
colored regiments, who had been c
Fort Wagner.
brave men,
aptured in the assault on
Nothing could exceed the loyalty of these
their only wish expressed, being, that they
might be released to renew their contest for tl
1eir country
In its hour of need.
Se Se gm
Le
el
large trees were standing upon the field, and these, — :
few «* A.” tents, furnished all the shelter we had. Our guarc
consisted of the First Georgia Regiment, Col. Wayne, sen-
try stations being constructed along the line of the viet ee
overlooking the enclosure. The rations were a decidec
It was wonderful to witne
Shown by our jailers in in
abhorrence of us.
ss the fertility of resource
venting epithets to express their
& ia a. ee piece
We were ‘ mud-sills,” «< Abolitionists,
i. 2 STR MeN
pea Mn tc mm
418 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
‘¢black Republicans,” ‘© Yankee scabs,” ‘* ycleps” and
‘¢ ghouls,” while ‘canything was too good for us.” Our
rations were about as bad as could be, while the following
effort at a parody on’ ‘** When this cruel war is over”
gests how satisfying they were in quantity :—
S31] 0%
sug
“ Weeping sad and lonely,
Oh, how bad I feel;
Down in Charleston, South Carolina,
ee Oe es jie ie oi
Praying for a good square meal,
Ten days’ rations consisted of three pints of flour, five of
corn meal, four spoonfuls of rice, or two of beans, and two
ounces of bacon, or in lieu of the last, one ill of sorghum.
Those who had funds could buy milk at a dollar and a half
per quart, flour at three dollars per pound, and sweet pota-
toes at thirty dollars per bushel. The sun beat like a smelt-
and the enclosing walls prevented any
Fully one-half the prisoners were with-
and with clothes so ragged as to be
an the suits they
ing furnace on US;
circulation of air.
out shelter of any kind,
of little use. None of them had more th
wore when captured, and these had been economized by
wearing only underclothes a part of the time. When both
had failed they repaired one with the other, until it was
considerable of a question to decide whether they had been
No attempt was made to renovate
and so
ole not
outer or inner garments.
the enclosure. So extreme became our destitution
offensive the effluvia, that many subscribed to a par
to attempt to escape, or hold converse with any one outside
the guard line, if permitted to go to the Roper Hospital.
This was a buiiding designed as a city hospital, and was &
paradise compared with the jail-yard.
Lack of sanitary regulations within the city, together with
the large number confined in and around Charleston (thou-
sonville being now en-
dered that fatal
sunds of our prisoners from Ander
camped on Charleston Race Course) engen
CAMP SORGHUM, COLUMBIA, 8s. © 419
malady, «< ve ?
Se ‘ yellow fever.” As the enemy were forced t
7m: with us, sheer self-preservation w aS:
Insure our remoyal. muliletra eitecacplabo
During ’ entire ¢ 3
‘elle ace iF oul entire stay at Charleston
in: guns on Morris Island had been ex ylodi
and arc : aaa:
a oe us, but by a wonderful providence ckaen
our . 5 oe is > >. i
. nion prisoners was injured, and he but
{ Te area € a , | i |
marched up King Street (the Br
me as g , 1e Broadw
| » rank weeds and grass were
only one
slightly.
ay of Charles-
4: = . : e growing untrodde
Che desolations of war had sought a dis tate
centre of treason, and visite out this iniquitous
sason, and visited upon it in full, the measure it
’ 7 Ja "CO kt
had :
aad prepared > others
a. a for others. As we reached the railroad sta
. c bd Pace ™ c < we a-
: y-pound shell from a Union gun buried ; ,
n the ground near by without lodi «Pan sa et ce
ers te exploding, and was gre
y us with vociferous cheers 5) Sue was ‘greeted
Our jour 7 ae
journey to C
neo habia e: to Columbia was made in one nicl
aim arriving there at one , : y migns, Our
sre turned over patel a ae
a = over to the care of a Capt Semple, and
alned wi a Sees , sci 7, aNd re-
eo ae thout rations until the morning of the 7th Ww
1en I i Cc a ArKHKCa ’ © . - e
ne ee 7 sie across the Saluda River to the top of
miles distant, w | or a
3 stant, where we found
covered wi a > Iound aé field partially
ee ee , partial]
ea second-growth pines, surrounded with a ]j 5
s. This field was named by us «*C vere
hum,” fr
> rom the fact that for one hundred
ays sorghum .w |
Here we
amp Sorg-
as issued here i . and thirty-three
re t } 1] lere In lieu of meat. Into thi
urned like ce; ta 8
de wisi dame ike cattle, without a piece of canvas
Meret: i ger an axe or spade with which to con ya :
is ; * a cookine clei l aa ‘ Struc
rations furn} g utensil with which to eo k tl
Pj S furnished to us es
~Ine-brush booths we
ag
ane! ‘aw
This was Andersonville, inde :
occ re made, but they
trig wo weeks’ storm which the
‘nas swept the hill with a ehill whi
forms, while eer
answer,
ed.
were no defence
: set in. Cold autumn
1 pierced our shriv
it shrivelle
re our petitions for shelter met the st m
. > Ste
pics m expecting tents ever
your wants.” :
frigid he
reotype
Sapte ! y day sufficient for all
: this continued for several weeks
art of our keeper, melted suffic] Sake
, >a sufficient to all
; allow us to
EEE
a
~— —
420 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
buy a few axes and shovels (the former at forty-five dollars
each), by the aid of which we succeeded in constructing
quite a number of huts, before our next removal.
This was our first prison experience without either wall,
fence, or stockade. About twenty feet within the line of
sentinels was the dead-line, marked in the ordinary way.
To enable us to pick up wood for cooking, a loop guard
was thrown out into the woods ; but when all their forces
were needed to oppose Gen’! Sherman, a daily parole of pris-
oners was substituted for the purpose. If water was wanted,
you must await your turn at the guard line, and there
stand until the return of the one who preceded you. Ks-.
daily occurrence, and how to prevent
capes were of almost
n the Johnnies could
them seemed more of a problem tha
If out with the ‘‘loop guard,” a little shrewd wan-
of prisoners, would
When paroles were
n up by the officer
solve.
dering, loitering or dodging on the part
often secure opportunity for escape.
substituted, the papers were at first take
of the day, and instructions given the guard to pass them at
will during that day. . Men not on parole would take advan-
tage of this plan to convince the guard they too were on
parole ; that they had been out before and had given up
their papers, and, if these succeeded in passing the guard,
of course they never returned.
A new plan was then adopted, requiring each man to keep
e had completed his day’s work,
The prisoners would then go out
arole to the officer of the
his parole paper until h
when it was surrendered.
once or twice, and return their p
day with the statement they were through work. They
would then collect food as if intended for those working
outside, and the sentinel, ignorant that their parole had
been surrendered, would then pass them, and their dis-
appearance would not be known until roll-call the -follow-
ing morning. If the guard happened to demand to see
their parole paper, any writing would answer, since the
HOW ESCAPES WERE MADRE. 421
area as a rule, were too ignorant to read. As a last
‘esor T rar — a ias
optallte ~~ taken out under guard, and on reaching
fee yap. sentinels were placed around a piece of woc 1.
pt: bee we might gather fuel. Bribing then sais
order ) ble ame
ma — —— me and as the rebel troops had not been
us. Fifty Peg rae little uci would do wonders for
move the my rs a ' onfederate scrip was sufficient to re-
were old NPIS ahh any of the guards. Most of these
iain: “oye boys; many of whom, it is alleged, were
may have ane a a However much truth there
tioned as to peti pe ss fact that we were often cau-
Of the large aa sacle chad
greater part succeeded in riiehing and ees aiatas mt the
Of this umber were:Cante J - = ockading squadron.
seit it cith ace apts. J. H. Nutting, P. W. McManus,
Seventh cme gh a W. G. Davis of the Twenty-
Dalbiek: SH PORE. £9 James Belger of Belger’s
have been ver ae } sa - er of escapes, it would
meses ee SiN aera the low condition of the
Cold weather wail the pe a ack of shoes and clothing.
oni laments eeta oo becuctagrenasg and cold-heartedness or
wold, eames a to tae discontent, until Major Gris-
doe ee ee, Capt. Semple and Col. Means as
andant, posted the following notice ; —
¢¢ I
Shall be very sorry
foo 0 sorry to do it, but unless this running away is
, is e obliged to open my artillery on the camp.”
O Cc i i | & | < <
so often h ec
non ad to record, it seems hardly necessary to add that
Vic % ris TaAa ala % ; mg
ate — was also from Maryland. His threat had
reeptible effect. Se ; gh
: everal officers were sl
ii oe ere shot fatally dur-
oe x epee here, and each on the most trivial pre
LU nd 1 rerv inst: 1
jis n every instance the guard was fully sustai
Without an investigatior Onl if ae
OU ¢ a n V Ol th bd 2 F 4
sraasiena ae —s y one thing brightened
s of j ‘is 0 “¢ - iia
mprisonment, and that was an occasional lett
; < » er
42? TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
from home, assuring us we were not forgotten there. Late
in the fall a considerable quantity of clothing was received
through the Sanitary Commission, but the supply was so inade-
quate to our needs, that if a person drew a pair of drawers,
he must dispense with pants, or if he secured a shirt or vest,
he must do without a coat. Even at this the supply failed
to go round.
There had been threats that if escapes continued to be
made, we should be removed to a stockade, and, in keeping
with the threat, we were removed, December 11th, to Asy-
lum Prison near Columbia. This pen consisted of about
two acres of the Columbia Insane Asylum grounds, from
which it was separated by a twelve-foot board fence, high
brick walls forming the other sides of the enclosure. Two
small buildings and the frame of another comprised all the
shelter afforded, and these were hardly sufficient for hospital
purposes. During the two months following our arrival, we
succeeded in constructing thirteen other buildings 2ach capa-
ble of sheltering thirty-six persons. By the use of old tents
and holes in the ground, and by crawling under the buildings,
about one-half our number secured shelter. What the
sufferings of the prisoners must have been during the
months of December and January, with inadequate food,
clothing and shelter, is more easily imagined than described.
Our rations were less in quantity, and poorer in quality.
Five days’ rations consisted of five pints of corn and cob
meal, two table-spoonfuls of rice, two of salt, and five gills
of sorghum. Variety was insured by inversion, hot mush
and sorghum for breakfast, cold mush and sorghum for din-
ner, and if anything happened to be left over (a rare occur-
rence), it was sorghum and cold mush for supper.
Money sent from home was held by the rebel quartermas-
ter, and the envelope, with the amount received endorsed
upon it, forwarded to the owner. This was credited to us at
government rates, thirty-three dollars in Confederate money
HOW WE GOT MONEY AND NEWS. 423
for one in gold, twenty-seven for silver, and three and a half
for greenbacks. Had it been turned over to us, we could
have secured about a third more as the current rate of ex-
change. When we needed anything we were permitted to
draw on the quartermaster, payable to the order of the rebel
sutler, and a due-bill from the sutler was given for any sur-
plus not used. When short of funds, many of the prisoners
drew: bills of exchange upon parties at the North, and sold
them at ruinous discount. These were forwarded by ‘‘ block-
ade-runners,” to England, and in about two months they
would be presented to the prisoner’s friends for payment.
To relieve the ennui of prison life, stringed instruments
were obtained while at Charleston, and an orchestra formed,
which not only proved of great benefit to our men, but drew
considerable crowds of Secesh to hear the Yankee musicians.
The utmost care was used to prevent our obtaining cur-
rent news, but by the favor of a colored man who had daily
duty in the camp, we received frequent information from out-
side. Sherman’s masterly advance was the great theme from
Which we drew sufficient inspiration and hope to sustain our
waning strength. The press was under a close surveillance,
and we were as often convinced of the success and progress
of our arms, by what the papers did not contain, as by what
they did. From the 10th to the 12th of February, 1865,
Our surmises were strengthened by the distant peal of guns
and the hurried, anxious appearance and movements of our
enemy.
The 13th the entire camp was ordered removed, and the
morning of the 14th most of the prisoners were en route to
Charlotte, N. C. So confident were we of Gen’l Sherman’s
nearness, that every imaginable way was contrived to secrete
ourselves. Many buried themselves in holes in the ground
crawled under buildings, hid back of wainscoting, tie
floors and roofs, but most were found and hastened on to
Charlotte, N.C. A cold, driving sleet fell during our jour-
424 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
ney, Which benumbed the guard and forced them into the
cars with the prisoners. The cars were old and rickety,
two of them breaking down by the way, while six others
broke loose and were not missed until the head of the
train arrived at a station five miles distant. We ar-
rived at Charlotte at four p.m. the 15th imnst., and
marched three-quarters of a mile to ‘‘ Camp Necessity.”
Capt. Stewart, the commandant, told us, with seeming
‘andor, that we had been brought here for exchange.
We had unbounded confidence that we were to be liber-
ated through Gen’l Sherman’s forces, but the exchange
story had become too stale for credence. February
19th the camp was again on the wing, this time to Green-
boro, N. C., at which place Lieut. J. H. Judd made
good his escape and secreted himself under care of a Union
man until the arrival of Sherman’s forces. He was with
Sherman’s army at the battle of Bentonville, reaching Golds-
boro, N. C., March 22, 1865, the day after its occupation
by our forces under Gen’! Schofield.
This escapade left of the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt.
only Capt. Swift and Lieut. Justus Lyman in the hands of
the enemy, five of the nine captured having escaped and
two having been exchanged. Capt. Swift and Lieut. Lyman,
with other prisoners, were moved through Raleigh to Golds-
boro, from which place they went by railroad to Wilming-
ton—then in Union hands—and were exchanged about the
first of March.
A STAMPEDE OF OFFICERS.
EscarPE oF Capts. J. H. Nuttina, P. W. McManus
AND Lieut. W. G. Davis.
BY CAPT. PARK W. MCMANUS.
There was no end to plans of escape, but, owing to the vigilance of the
guard, or the many miles of hostile country between us and a place of
safety, few were carried out. A short time previous to the escape here
narrated, we arranged with the guard to pass ten of us over his beat for
three hundred dollars Confederate money. Our plan was to pass out
singly, under cover of darkness, and to rendezvous at a dead tree in plain
sight of our camp; a place easily found at night. We knew just when
the guard went on, and where his beat was, to a foot. The night selected
was fearfully dark and stormy, with considerable lightning; and just as
the two who bore the money reached the ‘‘ dead-line,” a flash revealed
them to the next guard, who fired, killing one and wounding the other.
A few days later, our second plan was perfected and put into success-
ful operation. ‘To enable us to get wood for cooking and warmth, it was
at first customary to throw out a loop-guard into the timber; but when
‘¢Sherman’s march to the sea” made it necessary to dispatch every avail-
able man to oppose him, they substituted a daily parole. By this, a cer-
tain number were permitted to go into the timber and bring to the guard
line such fuel as was needed, which those within would receive and carry
to our quarters. In this way the lines within and without were con-
stantly meeting, and when the tired men outside would sit down on the
wood to rest, the anxious ones within would sit down with them also.
When rested, each would go their way, with occasional exceptions, when
some one within would go out with the paroled and neglect to return.
In this way, on the 27th of November, 1864, a part of our ten escaped,
and on the 29th inst. the remainder, including Capt. J. H. Nutting and
Lieuts. J. L. Skinner and W. G. Davis walked out from the woodpile. In
my anxiety for the inner man, I had gone back to my shanty to arrange
with Lieut. Justus Lyman to have my overcoat sent out with some bread
rolled in it. When I returned I found the paroled had left for the woods,
and my chance gone, unless I put on a bold front and risked being de-
tected. Dodging behind my shanty, I took off my coat and placed it on
my shoulders as an apparent protection from bruising in carrying wood,
and, picking my teeth as though just from dinner, walked one hundred
yards to the guard line. As I crossed the line the guard approached (I
supposed to stop me), and my heart sank to my shoes, but rose as the
guard remarked, ‘‘It’s warm weather now, an you uns don’t need so
much wood.” I did not stop to discuss the matter, but simply said, ‘‘ We
are getting enough to last us two or three weeks,” and continued my
walk to the timber. This venture, with its possibilities, was not reassur-
426 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
ing to one’s nerves, and produced such a pallor as to lead Capt. Nutting,
the first one I met, to inquire if I was sick. I made several trips with
wood and rails, before my coat, which I had sent in with some fine large
chips, was returned to me by Lieut. Lyman. I cannot say what became
of those chips asI lost all interest in them when I discovered five loaves
of bread in the coat. It was reported (with how much truth I cannot
say) that some of the guard belonged to the ‘‘ Union League,” though
they cautioned more than one of us whom to trust or shun. As I was
leaving I overheard one of the guard exclaim, ‘‘ Lord! just see them uns
getting away! I’se don’t care if dey don’t get over my beat; dey has a
right hard time of it.”
A captain of the Seventh Conn., whose experience and information,
obtained in a former attempt at escape, was considered valuable, was
chosen leader, and we looked to him as our Moses to guide us through the
wilderness. Before night, we came across Lieut. Davis, with a Lieut.
J. B. Smith of the Fifth West Virginia Cavalry, whose boyish appearance
and helplessness appealed to our sympathy, for he declared his purpose
of returning to prison if he could not join our company. At dark, we
gathered at the tree designated, where, to our surprise, we found Nutting,
Skinner, ‘‘ Seventh Conn.,” and about twenty others. Ourten ‘ was told
off,” and the others informed they must look out for themselves. Expla-
nations were useless, and, seeing their determination to remain with us, I
asked Capt. Nutting if we could not ‘‘ paddle our own canoe,” certain he
would not require me to repeat the question. Nutting, Davis, Smith, and
myself, consequently dropped out, and took our fortunes into our own
hands.
Soon after separating, we were impressed, by the barking of dogs, with
the necessity of avoiding all traces of civilization, and so we shunned
roads and plantations, until twenty miles from Columbia. Our line of
escape lay south of the Congaree River. ‘The first night out was clear,
and, guided by the ‘‘ north star,” we made some fifteen miles, keeping
some two miles from the Charleston, or State road. About midnight the
second night we made bold to take the road, keeping within the shade of the
forests as much as possible. Desiring to eke out our supply of food, we
entered a plantation towards morning, and, of course, made direct for the
negroes’ quarters. Seeing a light in one of the cabins, we cautiously
crept to the window, and, to our surprise, saw Lieut. Skinner, with Major
Jenkins and Capt. McDonald, of the Fortieth Mass., with one other, all
of whom we had imagined drifting leisurely down the river. We entered
without invitation or formality, seriously disturbing their serenity, with
visions of blood-hounds, recapture, and prison-fare, before they so far re-
covered as to recognize us. After an hour’s rest and interchange of
experience, and the purchase by each party of a loaf of corn-bread from
the darkey woman, we separated. We passed each other two or three
times,—as we found after reaching our lines, — at one time suspecting we
CAPT. NUTTING GETS SOLICITOUS.
were near them from the peculiar odor of the tobacco with which they
were regaling themselves.
We now used the road constantly, except to hide during the day, or to
forage. The darkeys were always kind, preferring to give us of their
scanty stores, but they were so destitute that, with a little urgency, they
would take money, as this was even more scarce than provisions. If the
information given us was not always reliable, it was from their lack of
comprehension and ignorance of distances: To a certain ‘‘ cross-road”
it was ‘‘two good looks, and a right smart chance,” meaning it was some
distance beyond a second curve in the road. Fortunately, before leaving
Columbia, we had obtained a traced copy of a map of the surrounding
country, with all important roads, which we studied thoroughly while
resting each day. After travelling several nights, we became foot-sore
and weak from exposure and insufficient food, and therefore determined
to get to the river, and, if possible, secure a boat.
Reaching ‘‘ Monk’s Corner,” and crossing the railroad, we turned
towards the Santee River, and had gone about three miles beyond the
McClellansville road, when we were advised by the negroes to change our
course, as the road was bad, and we were already wet to the knees.
Near morning, we were startled by the growl of a dog close to us, and
more so by hearing some one saying to him ‘‘ Keep still!” when we saw
a man near by, sitting upon a fence. Capt. Nutting was in advance that
night as leader, and he walked directly towards the ‘man and brother.”’
The stranger suddenly keeled backwards over the fence, saying, ‘‘ U uns
don’t hurt me; I’se no hurt you!” Both parties were soon assured of
safety, when the negro told us there was a ‘‘ picket-post” at the river
near all crossings, and offered to secrete and feed us at the plantation, and
at night start us on the direct road. He told us, also, that our gunboats
were near McClellansville, on blockade-duty, and that he had helped a
number to escape to them, and would be glad to aid us. At ten o’clock he
prought us some buttermilk, and a nameless mixture of food, but which
disappeared with as much relish as a Delmonico bill of fare before an epicure.
During the evening we were taken into a cabin, where our colored
friends furnished us with a bountiful supply of corn-bread, and sent us
forth with a guide, and their hearty ‘‘ God bless you, massas.” Our
guide led us through the woods to the McClellansville road, and escorted
us two or three miles thereon before leaving us, proving to be one of the
most intelligent colored men I ever met. From this time until reaching
McClellansville, we kept the main road, sometimes with little, often with
nothing to eat; and such supplies as we had, were obtained at such risk,
that Capt. Nutting declared, Davis’ nose or my appetite would be the ruin
of us. Lieut. Davis was suffering from a terrible catarrh, and were it not
for my appetite which impelled me to run any risk to obtain provisions,
we should have gone hungry much oftener than we did. Parties often
passed on horseback so close that we might have touched them with sticks
from our hiding-place.
428 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
The night we were to pass through Pineville was very dark, and we
were using extra care, but before we were aware of being near the town,
we ran against a house, and in attempting to retrace our steps, found
fences and barns in all directions. Trees, known as the ‘‘ Needle Pines,”
were standing thickly around the houses, and these made the darkness very
intense, while the soft leaves were so thick upon the ground as to render
it impossible to discover the road. We succeeded in extricating our-
selves, and in finding a hiding-place, just at daylight. A heavy, incessant
rain lasted the entire day, and we gladly welcomed the darkness which
permitted us to resume our journey.
We arrived at McClellansville at nine o’clock p.m., December 12th, tired,
hungry, anxious and bewildered, and sought the hospitable shelter of the
negro quarters, where all our wants were supplied, and the glad informa-
tion given that one of our blockaders was just outside of Cape Romain
lighthouse. After much trouble, one of the colored friends remembered
seeing a boat under a building upon an island which could be reached by a
foot bridge. On arrival there, we found two boats and a canoe, which we
tested in the water, only to find them unreliable. Selecting a metallic life-
boat, we tore the linings from our clothes to stop the leaks, and over this
calking rubbed some hard soap, a small piece of which we happened to
have. This, in salt water, acts very much like tar, and answered the pur-
pose admirably. The building had formerly been used as a hospital, and
we fortunately found a piece of rope, a jug which would hold water, and
part of an old bunk which answered for oars. With equal care in launch-
ing and boarding, we found by energetic bailing we could keep afloat.
The night was dark and cloudy, and the tide, now at full height, formed
innumerable channels and islands among the reeds, which, without light
or compass, soon bewildered us, and forced us to lay by, and to hold on
to the reeds for anchor. The rain fell in torrents, making the bailing
onerous, and success more doubtful. The clouds dispersed with the
morning light, when we found ourselves in full view of McClellansville,
with Romain lighthouse in the distance, for the latter of which we rowed
as quickly as possible, and with a favorable tide, reached it in an hour and
a half. Mounting the deserted lighthouse, we scanned the horizon to
catch sight of some friendly vessel, but at most could discern what we
imagined might be the ‘‘ topmast”’ of a schooner. What must be its dis-
tance, even if our imagination was true? Between us was a long succes-
sion of surging, dashing ‘‘ breakers,” whose ‘‘ white caps” warned us of a
‘‘ dead-line”’ our frail craft must not venture to cross. Drenched to the
skin, we built our first fire since leaving prison, in the fire-place of that
deserted house and fully enjoyed its cheer. A few oysters, which we
found near the landing, was all the addition we could make to our larder,
though we chased a cat, which had been left here until wild, and which
we would have roasted, had it not been too fleet-footed for us. For two
days we enjoyed ourselves as well as the low condition of our supplies,
eee eae een ASSISTS
NOT ANXIOUS FOR AN ACQUAINTANCE. 429
and the disappointment at the non-appearance of our gunboats would
permit.
At length, hungry and discouraged, we were forced to decide to return
to the mainland for supplies, which we did after inscribing upon the walls
our names and some doleful comments upon disappointed hopes. After
considerable difficulty, we succeeded in landing near a plantation, and
Smith and myself advanced as skirmishers to reconnoitre. A negro cut-
ting wood was talking with a white man, who inquired if he had seen some
men prowling around. Being answered affirmatively, we concluded our
room was better than our company, and retired to enter the plantation
from another direction. To our inquiries the negroes responded, “‘ De ole
man Dupree, him’s at home,” but we assured them we were not over-anx-
ious for his acquaintance; we would like something to eat. Hearing foot-
steps, we turned, and beheld the veritable ‘‘ Dupree ” with a double-barrel
gun, close upon us. He advanced, and gave us the chilling salutation,
‘‘Who are you?” Smith pluckily replied, *‘ None of your business!” To
all his inquiries we returned evasive answers, I attempting, meanwhile,
to get near enough to use my hickory stick, and get possession of his gun.
It was evident, however, he was more frightened than we.
Informing him we were from Wilmington, en route to Charleston, he
led us to the gate, and gave us explicit directions, for which we thanked
him and gladly left, though we knew he must have known us by our uni-
form, and lack of southern brogue. We soon met a darkey, who said,
‘‘ Ise know who you uns is! you’s ’scaped prisoners!” and, as he was on
his way to see ‘‘ Dinah on de nex’ plantation,” he would see we got some-
thing to eat, and a guide. The omniprevalent Dupree (who, by the way,
was a minister) again appeared, and ordered the darkey back, but the lat-
ter soon returned, and apprised us of his master’s intention of informing
the officials at McClellansville of our presence. At the next plantation
our wants were fully supplied, and after an hour’s rest, we started under
two negro guides for the Santee. Both guides remained with us until we
were well on our way to the ferry, where we arrived just before day-
light.
With considerable effort, we found the colored ferryman, who gave us
information that his master had received notice to look out for four es-
caped prisoners who had been in McClellansville, and coaxed off some
slaves; and also, that there was a steamer at South Island, which place
we could easily reach in one night. Our money was all gone. The only
article of value remaining, was Capt. Nutting’s watch, which was offered
the negro if he would ferry us across both streams. The river here was
divided into two channels by an island, a canal through the latter con-
necting the streams. We were suspicious of our man and watched him
closely during the day, but whatever his inclination, he hid and fed us
well, and at eight o’clock escorted us to the ferry. A second hand, who
was to help, refused to move unless some settlement was made with him,
——————
SS ee ts
:
430 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
as the watch could not be divided or sold without suspicion. I compro-
mised with him by giving him my vest, which was new when captured,
and we were soon across the streams, and piloted beyond the cabin of the
opposite ferryman and his drove of dogs.
The guides informed us we were now on the direct road, eight miles
distant from the island, with no pickets before us, and at low tide, could
cross to the island, without wetting our feet, all of which proved incor-
rect. We were moving along listlessly about four o’clock in the morning,
when, hearing a sound as of a horse chewing, we discovered three horses
tethered near by, and a tent not fifty feet distant. We went back
a short distance to cover, and concluded to flank the post, but find-
ing a deep creek across our path, decided we must have got upon a wrong
road, and hence returned to the timber land. During the afternoon of the
next day, we found a negro at a deserted plantation, and learned we were
right before we retraced our steps; that the picket station had been there
for several months; and that to reach the desired island, we must swim.
We made our way back to the causeway, and from our hiding-place, saw
the pickets as they returned from watering their horses.
About midnight we started across the swamp, well to the right of the
“ picket-post,”” knowing they were awake, as we could hear them. When
nearly opposite them, we heard them speak—then a cap snapped—
and, as soon as it could be replaced, a ball went whizzing over our heads.
We remained quiet half an hour, then moved on some distance, crossed
the creek from which we turned back the night previous, soon reached the
road, and shortly after, arrived at the creek separating us from the island.
Securing some planks — remnants of a former bridge which spanned the
stream — we sat down to get our courage up fora December bath, and to
eat our last meal in ‘‘ Secessia.” My repast consisted of two table-spoons-
ful of dry rice, fresh picked to be sure, but of sufficient hardness to keep
my jaws from rusting. Stripping ourselves for the fray, Nutting and
Davis crossed first, with their clothes kept above water by their weight
on the other end of the plank. When across, they pushed the planks
back to us. Smith could not swim, and I took him on the plank with me,
but no sooner had we gone beyond his depth, than he began floundering
and shuddering, until he arrived at the forward end of the plank. ‘The
moment he touched bottom, he sprang from the plank, sending me back
into the middle of the stream to ruminate over the pleasure of a midwin-
ter bath.
Regaining the shore, and putting on my drenched clothing, we struck
into a double-quick to start our chilled circulation, and left behind us the
dangerous neighbors of yore. In half an hour, we found ourselves at the
seaward side of the island, facing Winyaw Bay, and our eyes were regaled
by the sight of one of our gunboats four miles distant, with the stars and
stripes unfurled to the breeze. The island had been a sea-resort for
wealthy planters, and several houses yet remained, on the top of one of
UNDER THE STARS AND STRIPES AGAIN. 431
which, we fastened a pole, and to it such rags as we could spare, to at-
tract attention. Just at this time, a boat full of men emerged from a
point across the bay, and bore directly for us. Who they were was a vital
question, but at last our strained eyes detected a small flag at its stern,
the nationality of which could never be mistaken. It was a man-of-war
launch which had been on picket duty, and as they came near shore,
hailed us with, ‘‘ Who’s there?” We did not wait to answer, but rushed
into the water waist deep, from which we never knew nor cared how we
were taken. I doubt if any one could describe the feelings of such an
hour: suspense, enemies, dangers, privations and captivity, had given
place to blissful security, civilization and comforts, with visions of home
and friends.
Our famished look told its own story, and a bag of hard-tack put to
flight all emotional feelings or restraints, the inner man asserting itself
in a combined attack upon the hard-tack. At nine o’clock, the 15th of
December, 1864, we were welcomed on board the United States steamer
‘‘Nipsic,” cheerful, happy, and covered with ‘‘gray-backs.” Here we
found Lieut. Skinner and his party, who had drifted down the Santee,
arriving only the day before us. On the arrival of the ‘‘ Nipsic” at
Charleston we were placed on board the steamer ‘ Massachusetts ” for
Hilton Head. where we were trusted for new suits throughout, and had
the pleasure of seeing those we had shed carried off with a pair of tongs.
December 26th, we left on the steamer ‘‘ Arago,”’ and reached Norfolk,
Jan. 1, 1865, where we received our pay to date. The morning I arrived
upon the steamer ‘‘ Nipsic” I weighed one hundred and thirty-five pounds,
while two months later I weighed two hundred and three pounds, and at
that was considered only ‘‘in fair flesh.”
I cannot close this narrative without acknowledging the debt of grati-
tude we owe the colored people along our route, for food, information,
and guides. They willingly gave what they had, asking for no return;
but in simple faith plead with us to hasten the freedom for which they
had so long been praying. ‘Their self-sacrifice, deserves all the blessings
which they have secured through the triumph of our arms.
Escare oF Serar. BARTHOLOMEW O’CONNELL, Corp. LEVI
BrizzEE, AND PrivaTE GEorGE W. TAayYLor.
This trio of comrades have all passed earth’s trials and
reached their reward. Sergt. O’Connell enlisted from
Whately, Sept. 28, 1861, and re-enlisted Dec. 24, 1863.
He was made corporal at the beginning of service, and re-
ceived successive promotions until orderly sergeant of his
company. At the battle of South-West Creek, March 8,
432 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
1865, he was in command of Company A, and fell mortally
wounded while the regiment was singly, yet gallantly hold-
ing Hoke’s Division at bay. Corp. Brizzee enlisted from
Montague, Oct. 1, 1861, re-enlisted Dec. 24, 1863, and
served creditably with his regiment until his capture at
Drewry’s Bluff. After his escape here narrated, he rejoined
his company and was recaptured March 8, 1865, and held
as a prisoner one month. He was a fearless soldier, with
more than ordinary power of endurance, but survived his
last imprisonment only a few days. He died at his home in
Northfield, April 15, 1865. Private Taylor enlisted from
Somerset, Feb. 25, 1864. Though his active service in the
field covered less than two weeks, he had shown the courage
and dash of a veteran. His fate, like that of thousands of
noble men who fell, is the simple tale, ‘* unknown.” We
have the following account of their escape from Corp.
Brizzee, previous to his decease. After giving testimony
to rough treatment and the filthiness of Libby Prison, Corp.
Brizzee said :
At the close of a week the prisoners were taken through Danville,
N. C., Columbia, S. C., and Augusta, towards Camp Sumter at Ander-
sonville, Ga. Many had hoped to escape, while passing through North
Carolina, but found it impossible. Lewis A. Drury, of Company C,
jumped from the cars near Salisbury, but was fired upon by the guard
and recaptured.
On starting from Augusta, Sunday, May 29th, O’Connell, with his jack-
knife, set himself resolutely at work to cut a hole through the floor of
the car. There were some fifty men crowded into the freight car and
this, together with the care used by our comrades to shield us from the
view of the three guards confined in the car, enabled us by dark that
night to cut an opening sufficiently large to effect escape. The probabili-
ties of success were small, even should we elude the vigilance of the
train guard, so that but few were willing to risk the effort. Wedetermined
to make an attempt at all hazard. At nine p.m., when the train stopped
for wood and water, Taylor crept out, and O’Connell and myself followed
at the next stop, with the understanding we should meet Taylor near the
place of his escape, and where he was to await us. No alarm was given
at either place, and when the train moved on, we started back upon the
track. On nearing the appointed place to meet Taylor, we saw persons
THE FRIENDSHIP OF NEGROES. 433
congregated there, when we plunged into the woods far enough to feel.
secure from observation, and remained during the day. At night we
wandered around the vicinity, but finding no traces of Taylor, moved
into the woods, guided by the north star.
Our plan was to go North by way of Knoxville, Tenn., some three hun-
dred and fifty miles distant, and although this, in an enemy’s country,
with regulation uniforms, and without rations, we knew to be almost im-
possible of accomplishment, it seemed to be our only hope. We travelled
all that night, and concealed ourselves in the woods till late the following
afternoon, when the gnawings of hunger led us into the indiscretion of
applying to a neighboring plantation for food. The owner pretended to
be a Union man and gave us a hearty meal, but must have betrayed us as
soon as we left, for we discovered scouts guarding the roads in all direc-
tions. In following a stream that night to find some suitable place for
crossing, we were fired upon, but by plunging back into the forest, made
good.our escape. We soon found the negroes reliable friends, and threw
ourselves entirely upon their honor. They would share with us their last
morsel, cook supplies with which to sustain us on the way, and furnish
guides, who, on leaving us, would give specific directions with reference
to our journey, and where it was safe to stop. For this they would
receive no pay, but seemed only too glad to help us.
During the second day out, we were discovered in a swamp by a well-
informed negro, who advised us to change our plans and attempt to reach
the sea-coast near Savannah, only about one hundred miles distant. His
advice and directions were so intelligently given, that we concluded to
adopt his suggestions, and that night, with a liberal supply of provisions
furnished by him, we turned our steps for Savannah. We were about ten
days in travelling this distance, following railroad tracks or county roads
as served our purpose best, but sometimes following the course of the
streams, by advice of negroes. Only once during this time did we show
ourselves to a white person, and then because our colored friends had
nothing to give us. The negroes had informed us there were no men
around, and supplied us with ‘“‘ butternut suits” with which we passed
ourselves off as ‘‘secesh soldiers.” By this means we succeeded in get-
ting the best the house afforded, the darkies grinning to ‘‘ see how missus
hab ben fooled by dem ar Yanks!”
June 9th we reached a plantation near Fort Jackson, Savannah, and re-
mained concealed by the negroes until Monday, June 13th. We were then
piloted beyond the rebel pickets, by a darkey belonging to the command-
ing officer of the fort. We crossed over to Dutch and Skiddoway Islands,
swimming many streams and inlets, and threading our way through
tangled forests and deep marshes. In the midst of the latter, O’Connell
lost his shoes. The remainder of the way was a terrible trial to the poor
fellow, lacerating his feet unmercifully, and rendering our progress slow
and painful. Two days had passed since leaving the rebel pickets, in
434 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
which (being in salt water marshes and lowlands) we had not had a par-
ticle of water to drink, and our thirst was almost unendurable.
Late in the afternoon of the 15th of June, we discovered one of our gun-
boats, but could not draw its attention. During the night we constructed
a raft from such materials as we could collect in the swamps, by binding
them together with green withes, and on the morning of the 16th, worked
our way out upon Assaband Sound, where, about the middle of the after-
noon, we were picked up by a crew from the gunboat ‘‘ Wiona.” We
met with a hearty reception on board from officers and crew, and every-
thing possible was done for our comfort. On the afternoon of the 19th,
we were carried by the ‘‘ Unadilla” to Port Royal, and to the fleet off
Charleston, where we were received by Admiral Dahlgren and warmly
complimented for our successful escape. Transportation was here fur-
nished to Philadelphia, where, through the kindness of friends, we were
enabled to reach our homes July 1, 1864.
RETURN TO NORTH CAROLINA.
CHAPTER XXI.
RETURN TO NORTH CAROLINA.
Our record left a part of the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt.
whose term of enlistment was yet unexpired, on the trans-
port ‘* United States,” off Norfolk, Va. Two hundred and
forty-seven of the regiment were still in captivity, — four
having been exchanged or escaped; while three hundred
and four were reported for duty. Of those in captivity noth-
ing definite could be learned, but vague and startling rumors
were rife of their dire extremities and sufferings. Sept. 19,
1864, the steamer ‘* United States,” with the Twenty-Seventh
Mass., steamed for Beaufort, N. C., the regiment going into
camp at Carolina City the 21st inst. under command of Maj.
John W. Moore. The I'wenty-Third and Twenty-Fifth
Mass., and Ninth New Jersey Regiments, as before ‘stated,
had preceded us to this State, and were stationed south of
the Trent River, and along the railroad towards Beaufort ;
but the Star Brigade from this time ceased to exist. Only
such of this brigade as had seen service in North Caro-
lina were ordered to return, but these, though at times asso-
ciated in action, held no future organic connection.
The lines of this Department had been considerably con-
tracted by the capture of Plymouth and evacuation of Wash-
ington the previous spring, the troops being confined to
places covered by the gunboats. The navy had been rein-
forced by the ‘* Otsego” and ‘* Chimera,” and was the real
reliance for defence, As left by us, our position in North
sea lis
ae
© Ae ama RICE TE
Le OR A EET BT OT SS TE ee i
436 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Carolina was a constant menace to the enemy, requiring a
large army to defend threatened points. As fownd on our
return, it was simply a post of observation held by the
feeblest tenure, and liable to fall before any determined as-
sault. The elan of the garrison had departed, and rebel
iron-clads seemed to be expected in every direction; even
down the railroad, and sailing across lots. There was nei-
ther an adequate force to man the works in case of an attack,
nor confidence sufficient to inspire determined resistance
against assault.
June 1st, three torpedoes constructed from pork-barrels,
containing two hundred pounds of powder each, were sent
by car to Bachelor’s Creek in charge of Lieut. Jones of
the One Hundred and Thirty-Second New York, to be
placed in the Neuse River to guard against iron-clads
from Kinston. Desiring to communicate with Col. Claas-
sen of the One Hundred and Thirty-Second New York,
commanding this post, he carelessly left them without a
guard, or warning any one of their character. The
quartermaster-sergeant of the One Hundred and Thirty-
Second New York Regt., supposing them to be supplies,
ordered them removed, and personally rolled the first one to
the platform safely. The second was pushed down the gang-
plank, followed closely by the third. As the second struck
the first — now stationary on the platform — the blow broke
a hair-spring, and the three torpedoes exploded with a con-
cussion which startled the enemy at Kinston, over twenty
miles distant. Thirty were killed and seventeen wounded
of the One Hundred and Thirty-Second New York Regt.,
and ten killed and twenty-three wounded of citizens and con-
trabands. The log depot, twenty by thirty, with one hun-
dred feet of platform and a signal tower ninety feet high,
were shivered to splinters. The remains of the unfortunate
victims were scattered in trees or upon the ground upwards
of half a mile. A sight more awful or harrowing could not
A MILITARY EXECUTION. 437
be imagined. All that was recognized of the quartermaster-
sergeant was his little finger, known by his ring; while most
of the remains were scraped together in infinitesimal bits and
buried in ‘* hard-tack boxes.” A platform car covered with
straw brought the forty wounded to New Berne, a sight of
shrivelled, mangled humanity, impossible to describe.
During the spring and early summer of 1864, the regiments
of this Department had been recruited by ‘‘ conscripts ” and
‘‘bounty men.” Among the latter- were ‘ professional
bounty-jumpers,” who, having secured the bounty, availed
themselves of every opportunity to escape. Many had been
arrested, and on the morning of August 13th, seven were in
Craven Street Jail under sentence of death. The most des-
perate one of these deserters was shot that morning before
Fort Spinola.
The next morning (Sunday) the reveille awoke the camps
at the first trace of dawn, and the Seventeenth Mass. Regt.
gathered before the gaol. A ‘‘ Special Order” required every
enlisted man in the garrison, not on duty or excused by the
surgeon, to be present, and hence the entire division was
formed on three sides of a hollow square before Fort Totten.
At four o’clock the funeral cortege moved down Craven and
through Pollock Streets, headed by the provost marshal and
a band with sepulchral dirge, followed by the commanding
general and his staff in full-dress uniform. Each condemned
man was preceded by a ‘‘drum corps” with muffled drums,
a squad of cavalry, a platoon of infantry, followed by a cor-
don or hollow square of soldiers with reversed arms, in
which an ambulance moved, containing a manacled victim
sitting upon the end of a plain pine box, his coffin. Six
times this mockery of funeral pageant and human woe
repeated itself ere the column was complete. The dirge,
the roll of muffled drums, the weeping, haggard, manacled
victims, and the plain, narrow house, were combinations too
aggravating for weak nerves, and the author for once dis-
438 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
obeyed orders and declined to attend. When the cortege ar-
rived at Fort Totten the condemned men were marched
around the inside of the square, each one preceded by four
soldiers bearing a coffin. At the open side of the square
were six graves, and before each a box was deposited, upon
the foot of which a victim was set with his heart bared for
the fatalbullet. A company of the Seventeenth Mass. Regt.,
with loaded guns — half ball and half blank ‘cartridges, —
were brought ‘forwit d, and as the first rays of the sun fell
on the scene, the fatal word was given. Three fell lifeless,
and three mortally wounded. Before another detail two
more fell lifeless, and another in the pangs of death ; and the
provost marshal (shall I say humanely ?) finished the work
by a muzzle close to the breast of the writhing man.
Doubtless the fate of most of these men was just, but the
facts stated regarding one of them deserve mention. He
was a member of the Fifth Rhode Island Regt. who had ren-
dered efficient service upward of a year anda half. In en-
listing he had overstated his age to insure admission to the
army, and was now but nineteen years old. His mother
being sick, and not expecting to recover, had written, ask-
} ing him to come and see her before she died. His applica-
tion for a furlough was rejected, and, as the steamer ‘* Dud-
ley Buck” was leaving New Berne, he was found inthe coal
bunk, turned over to the authorities and was condemned to
death. No friendly hand sought to save him, but his fate
received the mute condemnation of every enlisted man.
How unlike the noble Queen Victoria when the death sen-
tence of a ‘‘royal guard” was handed her for signature.
«Go and see if you can learn anything good of this man,”
gaid the merciful queen. Twice the officer returned and
answered ‘*No!” ‘* Go once more,” said the anxious queen,
and this time the officer returned, saying, ‘‘ I learn nothing
except that he has a family and loves them ;” upon which
she took the sentence and wrote in large letters across its
A MAN’S A MAN FOR ALL THAT.
face, ‘*PARDONED!” Whatever this boy’s fault, over
the door of his heart was inscribed, ‘‘ Love for mother,”
and this should have entitled him to mercy. Had his case
been submitted to the tender-hearted President Lincoln,
doubtless death would have been averted. In any case
death penalties should be subject to review by courts re-
moved from the bias of local interests or prejudices, and
if the findings admit of a reasonable doubt, the con-
demned man should be granted a hearing before another
tribunal. So frequent became the abuse of extreme power
by courts-martial during the last year of the war, that Presi-
dent Lincoln issued an order that all executions must be
approved by him.
‘here was too much power assumed by many general
officers, too many rights of our enlisted men infringed upon.
Stern disciplinarians and martinets may deride and declare
less restraint subversive of discipline; but in a country
like this, we cannot afford to follow the effete methods of
monarchial nations founded upon privileged aristocracies,
with ignorant classes to obey their beck. In the rank and
file of our volunteer force, were men equal in ability, educa-
tion and fitness to command, to those whom wealth, influence
or accident had placed in authority overthem. In monarchies
a commission in the army is an expression of the monarch’s
favor, often without regard to fitness and ability ; but in re-
publics the right to its possession should be demonstrated.
Vacancies in office were filled from the ranks without loss of
effectiveness, and the closing scenes of the war were en-
acted under men who had served as subalterns and privates.
It is but reasonable that officers and men should be held
subject to the same regulations and penalties, the right to re-
sign withdrawn, and discharges granted upon uniform terms.
‘«¢ Absence without leave” with officers should be designated
by the clear, incisive word < desertion,” as with enlisted
men. If the death penalty is the only adequate remedy for
440 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
desertion, cowardice, or sleeping on post with the rank and
file, substitute it for dismissal and cashiering for similar
offences with officers. If intoxicants were not good for
men, they were tenfold more pernicious and injurious for
those needing clear heads to command. If houses of pros-
titution should be forbidden resorts for enlisted men, it was
damning to make them stand guard before them day and
night, that none but officers might enter. A commission
should insure implicit obedience, but not a single right or
favor beyond.
September 5th, New Berne found itself attacked by a
force more subtile and deadly than that of the Confederates ;
no less a foe than yellow fever in its most malignant charac-
ter. The first victim was the stevedore of the harbor, and
his disease was credibly traced to clothing forwarded from
New York, for charitable distribution amongst the city poor
and the hospitals. The unfortunate city was soon trans-
formed to one vast hospital and morgue, the total number of
victims exceeding seventeen hundred. Col. T. J.C. Amory
of the Seventeenth Mass. Regt., Maj. H. T. Lawson, chief
provost marshal, and Lieut. Fordyce A. Dyer, assistant pro-
vost marshal, both of the Second Mass. Heavy Artillery ;
Lieut. Col. H. M. Stone, Third N. Y. Artillery, and Lieut.
H. C. Hathaway of Gen’l Palmer’s staff, were among those
who fell. Investigation led to the statement that these
goods were obtained from Cuba, by a Dr. Blackburn
of New York City, and were forwarded ostensibly as a
charity, but really for the work they accomplished.
Fifteen members of the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt.
went to New Berne as nurses and assistants during the epi-
demic, of which number Thomas Frary, Company D, Hat-
field, Alonzo Jockett, Company D, Northampton, George
H. Benedict, Company E, Lee, and Joseph Twenkler, Com-
pany I, Wilbraham, fell victims to the scourge. Men who
will take their lives in hand and go into such a plague-
VOLUNTEERS FOR HAZARDOUS DUTY. 441
stricken city to rescue their unfortunate comrades, are
worthy of a lasting monument. We gladly record their noble
act as reflecting honor upon themselves, the regiment, and
the State, and only wish it were possible to mention all by
name who offered themselves for this humane work.
Patrols were organized, districts assigned, every house
visited twice a day, new cases reported, and bodies removed
to the morgue. Tar was kept burning on every street
corner; and the only travellers upon the streets were the
patrols and the funeral cortege, followed by Chaplain J. Hill
Rouse, a former rector of the Episcopal Church of Rochdale,
Mass. The untiring work of this good old man in affording
the consolations of religion to this stricken city, was a silver
lining on the murky cloud. The death-rate increased to a
maximum of thirty-five per day, and exceeded in percentage
of mortality the scourge of Norfolk, Va., or the more recent
one at Memphis, Tenn. The only fatal case at the camp of
the Twenty-Seventh Regiment was that of Egbert B. Strong,
Company G, of Northampton.
Comrade Lafayette Clapp of Company A, Easthampton,
who had been on hospital service at New Berne during the
absence of the regiment in Virginia, declined to avail himself
of the expiration of his term of service September 20th, and
magnanimously remained during the ravages of the pesti-
lence. At the height of the scourge he was detailed to assist
Dr. J. W. Page of the Sanitary Commission, where his large
experience and good judgment were soon brought into use, in
the entire management of the Commission during Dr. Page’s
illness. Later on, Comrade Clapp suffered a severe attack
of the plague, but, aided by a good constitution, abstemious
habits, and by the watchful care of his numerous friends,
he recovered. This self-sacrifice on the part of one with
a home and family to which he longed to return, deserves
honorable mention. Comrade Clapp has twice filled the
office of president of our Veteran Association, and still
enjoys the high esteem of his comrades.
449 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
The evening of October 27th, Lieut. W. B. Cushing, U.
S. Navy, and a crew of thirteen, ascended the Roanoke River
on ‘* Launch No. 1,” to destroy the ram ‘‘Albemarle” at
Plymouth. A mile below the town they found the channel
obstructed by the wreck of the steamer ‘‘ Southfield” and
by sunken schooners. A guard of twenty rebels was cap-
tured at this point, without the firing of a gun. About two
A.M., the morning of the 28th, Lieut. Cushing reached a po-
sition opposite the ram, which he discovered to be fastened
to the wharf, surrounded by a line of logs, chained together
thirty feet from its side. Keeping close under the shade of
the opposite banks, until he had gained a point above, which
gave him the favoring current of the river, he turned, and
was bearing bow-on to the ram, when the enemy sprung their
rattle, rang their bell, and commenced firing upon the
launch. Lieut. Cushing gave them two charges of canister,
and with full steam, bore down with such speed as to break
the log obstructions surrounding the ‘* Albemarle.” Low-
ering the boom of the launch, with a suspended torpedo at-
tached, by a vigorous and dexterous push, he forced it under
the ram and exploded it.
With the concussion from the torpedo came a dense flood
of water engulfing the deck of his boat; and also a plung-
ing shot from the ‘* Albemarle, which crashed through the
launch. A vigorous musketry fire was now opened upon
Lieut. Cushing and crew, the former twice refusing to
surrender. Finding the launch fast sinking, the brave lieu-
tenant ordered every man to look out for himself, threw off
his coat and shoes, jumped overboard, and swam for the op-
posite shore. The launch sank within fifteen feet of the
wharf, Lieut. Cushing and a colored sailor only escaping ;
the rest of the crew were either killed, drowned or cap-
tured. Lieut. Cushing succeeded in reaching the swamp
opposite, where he secreted himself until the afternoon.
The enemy were several times within a few feet of him ; but
THE RECAPTURE OF PLYMOUTH, N. OC. 443
being buried to the neck in water, and» surrounded by
swamp grass, he escaped detection. During the afternoon,
he approached the river near enough to satisfy himself that
he had sunk the ‘* Albemarle,” when he made his way to
Middle River, found a skiff, and reached the ‘* Valley City”
at eleven o’clock P.M.
The next day, Commander Macomb made an attempt to
occupy Plymouth, but was prevented by the shore batteries.
The 30th, he decided to try Middle River channel, but on
account of the difficulties of the way, he failed to reach the
head of the islands until about four p.m. After shelling the
place with one-hundred-pound Parrotts for an hour, the fleet
anchored until the morning of the 31st. After a reconnois-
sance and considerable firing, the fleet was signalled, at 9.30
A. M., ** Go ahead fast!” and was soon abreast the forts
and batteries. For half an hour a fire of grape, canister
and shell fell on the hostile works, when our marines landed
and drove the enemy from the place. Col. D. W. Wardrop,
commandant at Roanoke, knowing the purpose of the navy,
and anticipating the need of a co-operating land force, for-
tunately appeared with one hundred and sixty men from the
One Hundred and Seventy-Sixth Pennsylvania Regiment,
and occupied the town. Our forces captured twenty-two
pieces of heavy ordnance in position, thirty-two prisoners
with a large number of arms, and quantities of supplies.
The Union garrison was soon after strengthened by a bat-
talion of the Second Mass. Heavy Artillery.
With the Twenty-Seventh Mass. back amid former expe-
riences, their longings for the flesh-pots of North Carolina
were revived, and any deficiency of food was speedily
made good by our foragers. Soon after pitching camp at
Carolina City, a number of men started upon a scout, and
discovered a fine two-acre watermelon patch; but neither
money nor persuasion could induce the owner to part with
any of them for their use. It was a crushing disappoint-
444 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
ment to leave such luscious melons untouched; too much of
a trial for weak humanity to submit to gracefully; hence it
was determined to try other tactics to relieve their distress.
About ten o’clock that night, the disappointed ones were
again upon the ground, and were revelling among the watery
viands, when their attention was arrested by a man approach-
ing with a lantern and a large dog. Unfortunately, the lan-
tern served the purpose of our men better than that of its
owner, for they could see his every movement. When at
close range the crack of a revolver laid the dog to rest, and
a second later a ball pierced the lantern and extinguished
the light. To the demand, ‘‘ Lay down that gun, and leave,
or you'll go next!” the owner left a few tracks, with the
heels towards our men, and a loaded shot-gun on the ground.
It is as useless to attempt to say how many melons were
taken, or how such a quantity were brought to camp, as to
gauge the capacity of boys ina like adventure. On reach-
ing the outpost, the challenge of the pickets was answered
by a twenty-five-pound watermelon, and this countersign
was declared ‘* correct.”
Early the next morning, the surly owner appeared at our
camp, dismounted from his horse, and sought aid of Lieut.
Briggs to discover the melons and the culprits. Not a
melon or rind was discovered, the occupants of each tent
scornfully cursing the man who dared suspect any of the
Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. capable of such an act. As,
at the end of a useless search, he turned in disgust to
go home, he found his horse missing, and no clue could be
found of it, until a darkey, employed in camp, ‘‘ disremem-
bered seein a horse wid a camp-kettle tied to his tail, run-
nin dat ar way as tho de debbil was arter him.” Such a
look of reprobation; such futile anger and disgust; such a
realizing sense of human depravity, never centred more fully
in the face of one man, than in that of our visitor, as he
turned to trudge home. A few moments later, a large
MARCHING ORDERS. 445
melon rolled unceremoniously into Lieut. Briggs’ tent — it
never came out whole — and the occupants of our camp sat
down toa good, square treat on watermelon.
November 21st, Lieut. Col. W. G. Bartholumew, now
senior officer of the Twenty-Seventh Mass., rejoined his
regiment at Carolina City, and was received with unbounded
enthusiasm. The 28th inst., we removed to Beaufort, and
performed provost and _ picket duty until December 4th,
when orders arrived: ** Report at once at New Berne, in
light marching order.” With nothing but overcoats to en-
cumber us, we reached New Berne that night, boarded the
steamer ‘* Massasoit,” and arrived at Plymouth December
7th. .
446 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
CHAPTER XXII.
RAINBOW BLUFF.
A coMBINED attack upon Fort Fisher, below Wilmington,
had been for some time under consideration, and Gen’l Wild
appeared at New Berne, with orders from Gen’l Butler re-
quiring that a co-operative movement be made from this
department. The instructions were: ‘* Rendezvous a sufii-
cient land force at Plymouth, N. C., and, after effecting
arrangements with our fleet, co-operate with them in an
advance to Rainbow Bluff and a joint attack upon Fort
Branch. Succeeding in this, the land force will make a
forced march upon Tarboro as its objective point, destroy
the railroad bridge, and fall back under cover of the gun-
boats. Should any part of this plan fail, the commander
will maintain secrecy, that the same may be open for future
, movements.”
In the absence of Gen’l Palmer from the department, Brig.
Gen’l Edward Harland designated for this movement the
Twenty-Seventh Mass., Ninth New Jersey, Sixteenth Conn.,
Eighty-Fifth New York, and One Hundred and Seventy-
Sixth Penn. Regiments; Battery A, Third N. Y. Artillery ;
and the Twelfth N. Y. Cavalry. Col. Savage, the com-
mander of the last-named regiment, was to command the
expedition. Battery A, Capt. Russell, one hundred and
ninety men, dismounted, and armed with rifles, were for
the time consolidated with the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt.
For reasons unknown, the Twelfth N. Y. Cavalry failed to
report at Plymouth, and the command of the expedition
devolved upon Col. Jones Frankle, of the Second Mass.
GARDNER’S BRIDGE AND FOSTER’S MILLS. 447
Heavy Artillery, as senior officer. He was at this time
Military Governor of the Department of the Albemarle,
with headquarters at Plymouth. Lieuts. Cogan, of the
Ninth New Jersey, and E. L. Peck, of the Twenty-Seventh
Mass., were appointed aides-de-camp to Col. Frankle. Joint
arrangements were effected with Commander Macomb ; and
at five a.M., December 9th, the column moved from
Plymouth, the Twenty-Seventh Mass. and Ninth New
Jersey Regiments in advance.
The enemy were encountered five miles out, but fell
back with light skirmishing to Gardner’s Bridge, where
they made a stand the morning of the 10th. They were
strongly posted on heights across a creek, supported by
artillery and cavalry, and were attempting to destroy the
bridge. The Twenty-Seventh Mass. and Ninth New Jersey
charged, driving them from the bridge, and routing the
forces on the heights. Sharp skirmishing continued until
reaching Foster’s Mills, where the enemy took position on
bluffs skirting the opposite side of the stream, with the
intervening bridge dismantled. This position was the one
known as Rhall’s Mills on the Tarboro Expedition, from
which the Twenty-Fourth and Forty-Fourth Mass. dis-
lodged the enemy on that occasion. Four pieces of artillery
were brought into position upon the road, with the Second
and Twenty-Seventh Mass. and Ninth New Jersey Regi-
ments deployed above, and the remainder of the force below
the road. The enemy were engaged for half an hour, under
cover of which Lieut. Reed, of the Second Mass., repaired
the bridge sufficiently for the passage of troops, when the
foe suddenly retreated. The Twenty-Seventh Mass. lost in
this engagement Thomas Shea, Company K, of Northamp-
ton, killed, and Ezra Lovering, Company G, Northampton,
wounded in the hand.
After a delay of five hours repairing the bridge, we again
advanced, the rebels retreating stubbornly beyond Williams-
448 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
ton, which place was occupied the evening of the 10th. Sun-
day, the 11th, we remained at this place, awaiting arrival of
the navy, reports as of heavy guns reaching us from down the
river. As the day declined, it was decided to move on, leav-
ing the Eighty-Fifth New York to guard and forward sup-
plies when they arrived. At midnight the column advanced,
avoiding the river road, reaching Spring Green Church, one
mile from Butler’s Bridge, at one a.m. the 12th. At the
latter place the enemy were intrenched and Col. Frankle
decided to divide his force, ordering the Twenty-Seventh
Mass. and Ninth New Jersey to make a detour to the right,
reach the rear of the enemy’s position, and join in a simul-
taneous attack upon the intrenchments.
The night was bitterly cold, the water in our canteens
chilled to ice, and the frozen ground jagged and rough. The
moon shone with a flood of light, requiring great care and
secrecy in our movement to prevent discovery. Our guide
led us to the right, across wooded fields and through a deep,
dry ditch, and ravines shaded by overhanging cliffs, to a
stream over which the bridge was destroyed. The stream
was at flood height, —a roaring torrent, —but by the aid of
, flood-wood and brush against the piers, a crossing was
effected. The setting moon was now obscured by clouds
and the waning light enabled us to see the outlines of Fort
Branch as we passed. Crossing the fields, we struck a
road connecting Fort Branch with the Hamilton road, via
Butler’s Bridge, and followed it to their intersection. Hav-
ing gained the rear, we advanced a short distance down the
road to the cover of a forest, and rested, while a reconnois-
sance was made to determine the enemy’s position and force.
We had been observed by Col. Hinton, commandant at
this post, whose headquarters were at a house just above the
intersection of roads. Supposing us to be reinforcements
he had expected, he mounted his horse and rode up to Capt.
Russell (Third N. Y. Artillery), who was holuing the rear
THE FUN ALL ON ONE SIDE, 449
of the Twenty-Seventh, and accosted him, ‘* Good morning,
Captain! Never so glad to see any one in my life!” and
turning to the men, added, ‘* Had a pretty rough jaunt, ain’t
you, boys? You are most there, though!” There was hardly
light enough to discern colors in the gray of dawn, but Capt.
Russell scented the fun, and replied, ** Good morning! Col-
onel is just ahead, and would be glad to see you !” Reach-
ing Col. Bartholomew, Hinton extended his hand, say-
ing, ‘* Good morning, Colonel! just in time! There’s fun
ahead!” Col. Bartholomew had walked just far enough to
particularly admire the gray steed before him, and his love
for horseflesh (never at low ebb), was now °° at the bulge,”
as the natives had it. Grasping Hinton’s hand and the
horse’s bits most affectionately, Col. Bartholomew exclaimed,
: “ : : : ’ Ze
‘¢Ah! Good morning! I’m awful glad to see you, You
may get off that horse! you won't need it any longer, as
e/
you are my prisoner!” ‘* Wha —What!” exclaimed the
astonished rebel officer, ‘* What regiment are you 2?” *¢Twen-
ty-Seventh Mass.,” was the prompt reply. ‘* The d—l you
are! I thought you were the Weldon Junior Reserves,” was
Col. Hinton’s disconsolate rejoinder.
We had now, not only the commander of the post, but the
key to the position; we were now the **Weldon Junior
Reserves.” Advancing to three or four log barracks a short
distance ahead, we saluted the sentinel, ‘* Turn out the
guard for the Junior Reserves!” These came tumbling
out, grumbling at being disturbed, and were seized with-
out the firing of a gun, and before they could realize the
situation. Advancing towards the ‘intrenchments, Capt.
Hufty, of the Ninth New Jersey, was challenged by two
sentinels, but kept on, saying in a drawling tone, ‘ Come
ah-n, boy-es; come ah-n!.we-ur Weldon Reserves; they
uns won't hurt us. Come ah-n!” and before the sentinels
could decide what to do, they were prisoners.
Surgeon Fish now reported that there was a squad of
450 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
cavalry, with infantry, approaching from the rear (this was
the Junior Reserves), and Col. Stewart of the Ninth New
Jersey, who was in command of the force, deployed his own
regiment facing the approaching column, and the Twenty-
Seventh Mass. in reverse, facing the intrenchments, and gave
the order, ‘‘ Charge!” In getting into position a shot was fired
by a rebel guard, which was responded to by the ‘¢ artillery
boys” just as the order to charge was given. The Junior
Reserves broke in all directions before the impetuous rush
of the Ninth New Jersey, while the Twenty-Seventh Mass.
charged down the corduroy road upon the astonished enemy
in the intrenchments. The Johnnies abandoned their works
in utter rout, some taking to the woods, others with three
pieces of artillery rushing down the road to Tarboro Forks,
making good their escape to Tarboro. A large number were
‘aptured by us. Several of our men were also captured by
the enemy, but made their escape.
Lieut. E. L. Peck, of Company F, Twenty-Seventh Mass.
Reet., acting aid to Col. Frankle, with Lieut. Reed of the
Second Mass. Heavy Artillery, were, at this juncture, vainly
endeavoring to urge the skirmishers of the Second Artillery
‘forward to occupy the forks of the road. The failure at this
point robbed the expedition of the fruits of victory. In jus-
tice to these officers, and to the Second Mass. Heavy Artil-
lery as an organization, it should be said that the detachment
present in this engagement, was composed of unassigned
conscripts, substitutes, and recruits recently arrived and
temporarily assigned to the Second Mass. Heavy Artillery.
They were in no sense representative of that regiment, many
of whom were men of experience and meritorious service.
XYol. Frankle, on learning the difficulty with the skirmish-
ers, went to the front and endeavored to urge the troops
forward, and at the same time sent an order to Capt. Gra-
ham to move forward and occupy the forks of the road with
his cavalry. While the skirmishers were being pressed for-
COL. FRANKLE’S MOVEMENTS. 451
ward, a piece of artillery was brought across Butler's Bridge
and opened upon them, wounding Lieut. Spencer and four
men. While Col. Frankle was deploying his men to engage
this gun, our charge from the rear was made, as already nar-
rated, so that neither the infantry nor cavalry succeeded in
reaching the point necessary to cut off the rebels’ retreat.
The understanding was, the forks of the road should be
occupied in force ; but Col. Frankle rejoins, ‘* Col. Stewart's
orders were to gain the rear and await his attack in front.”
Such instructions were not unfrequent during the war, and
often resulted in brilliant success. There are, however, so
many contingencies permitting no delay, with flanking col-
umns, that it would seem to be a more judicious arrange-
ment to hold the force in front ready to co-operate in the
attack from the rear. Justified by many successful examples,
and by the personal efforts of the commander to press to
success each detail of the movement, whatever disappoint-
ment we had, must rest upon the character of the force in
front.
Col. Frankle immediately ordered Graham’s Cavalry to
follow the fleet-footed enemy toward Tarboro, but this failed
of material results. The Twenty-Seventh Mass. and Ninth
New Jersey returned to Col. Hinton’s headquarters and
reconnoitred towards Fort Branch, discovering the Junior
Reserves drawn in line before the fort. These two regiments
desired to assault the fort; but, ‘* having only four rounds
of ammunition for the artillery, after consultation with Gen’
Wild, Col. Frankle ordered the troops to withdraw to
Williamston.” The failure of the navy, which had our extra
ammunition, to connect and co-operate, and the lack of in-
formation from them, was the ground of withdrawal. The
injunction of secrecy in’ the orders prevented any explana-
tion by Col. Frankle. While resting upon the field, Col.
Bartholomew decoyed a quartermaster-sergeant and cap-
tured him. He mourned sorely over this untimely misfor-
0 eee ee
452 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
tune, as he had been married only the night previous. The
result of the expedition was the capture of one hundred and
twenty-nine prisoners, including Col. Hinton, two field and
two line officers, and one hundred and twenty stand of
arms. Gen’l Wild writes in commendation of this move-
ment: ‘* The whole affair and all the details were planned
with judgment and carried out with coolness and steadiness.”
Returning to Williamston, and finding no tidings of the
fleet, couriers were dispatched to Jamesville, who returned
with the information that the river was so full of torpedoes
it was uncertain when the navy would be able to arrive.
Seventy torpedoes had already been removed ; the ‘‘ Otsego ”
and ‘* Bazely ” gunboats sunk, several vessels injured, and
the fleet was still near that place. On the 14th we fell back
to Jamesville to secure supplies and render the navy such
assistance as they might need. At Jamesville the Twenty-
Seventh Mass. and Ninth New Jersey Regiments were
ordered to Cedar Landing, to cover the navy, returning the
17th inst. On the 21st, Commander Macomb sent word
from Poplar Point that the enemy were concentrating upon
the bluffs; and desired aid to dislodge their sharpshooters.
By this time our supplies were exhausted, and the men so
chafed and footsore that fully one-half the force had been
placed upon the sick list by the surgeons. Word was sent
Commander Macomb to that effect, when both forces re-
turned to Plymouth, awaiting supplies; but before another
advance could be arranged the entire force was recalled to
New Berne.
The waning days of 1864 completed a year of struggles
which materially advanced the prospects of peace. The
defeats of the Union army at Olustee, Paducah, Fort Pil-
low, Plymouth, Red River, Drewry’s Bluff, Cold Harbor,
Mine, and Hatcher's Run, had been of temporary, if not of
questionable, benefit to the enemy; while the victories of
Farragut at Mobile, Sheridan in the Shenandoah, Steele in
MAJOR MOORE IS BELLIGERENT. 453
Missouri, Schofield at Franklin, Thomas at Nashville, and
Sherman at Atlanta, were crushing defeats to the enemy.
Grierson’s march from Tennessee to Louisiana, and Sher-
man’s from Atlanta to Savannah, showed the exhausted and
hopeless condition of the Confederacy, — ‘‘a shell with
nothing in it,’— while the iron grip of Gen’l Grant held
its best general and army with a tenacity which paralyzed
its power. These results had been obtained with a terrible
cost of life and limb, over one hundred and twenty thousand
men having been placed hors de combat in Virginia alone,
and two hundred thousand on all the fields of battle. If
the loss had fallen most heavily on the Union arms, the
benefits had proportionately accrued to them.
The sad results of service had told fearfully upon the
numerical strength of the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt., the
tri-monthly report of December 19th showing : —
Officers upon the rolls present,
Officers upon the rolls prisoners,
Enlisted men on the rolls present, .
Enlisted men upon the rolls sick, .
Enlisted men on the rolls prisoners,
Total upon the rolls,
On the 7th of January, the regiment received orders to
return to Beaufort, and sailed from Plymouth the 8th inst.
The trip was rough and sloppy, a cold wind and rain, with a
lack of blankets, rendering it chilly in the extreme. Several
bales of cotton aboard were appropriated to our comfort, oc-
casioning considerable mourning and bluster by a quasi citi-
zen and resulting in the presentation of a bill of several hun-
dred dollars to Major Moore for settlement. The major had
been used to wordy contests, and being of the legal frater-
nity, believed he understood the ‘‘ true inwardness” of this
St AS
A A Bi
454 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
‘¢ cotton speculation,” and rather wished to focus matters.
Hence he replied: ‘If this is your cotton, what business
has it on a government transport, and how came you by it?
If it is government cotton, what right have you to demand
pay for it? Let Gen’l Palmer demand pay, and I will make
answer to it!”
January 10th we arrived at New Berne, and proceeded
by rail to Beaufort, but on reaching Morehead City, found
telegraphic orders to return to New Berne. We had been
absent since December 4th, without blankets or change of
any part of our clothing ; but military orders were inexorable,
and though within sight of Beaufort, we returned without
visiting our camp. During the interim of absence we had
turned our shirts several times, wearing one side until the
other appeared the cleanest, when we put that outside.
This was soldiering indeed! Arriving at New Berne, we
found no provision made for our supply or comfort, and were
forced to bivouac in an open field and in a pouring rain
until the morning of the 11th, when some plain, incisive
‘‘ words ” from Col. Bartholomew to negligent authorities,
secured permission for us to go into the depot for shelter.
Here we were. joined by those we had left with the camp at
Beaufort December 4th, and on the 12th were assigned to
outpost duty, relieving a detachment of the Second Mass.
Heavy Artillery. Companies B, D, F, G, I and K were
stationed at Rocky Run, under command of Col. Bartholo-
mew, and the remainder at the Red House, three miles
nearer the railroad, under Capt. McKay. We were here
initiated into a new feature of picket duty, the cavalry
videttes being stationed at the rear of the picket-line. We
were also made glad by a sight of the ‘: longed-for paymas-
ter,” having been without pay since the previous February.
Some little dissatisfaction existed when it was found the
payment was to cover only to August 31st; but the clothing
account being included, it passed satisfactorily. 3
~~ =
EXPEDITIONS AGAINST FORT FISHER. 4595
The expedition against Fort Fisher, with which our ad-
vance above Plymouth was intended to co-operate, proved a
miserable failure. The troop transports did not arrive at
Beaufort until December 18th, and were detained at that port
by a gale, arriving off Fort Fisher the evening of the 24th.
Fifty-three of our best naval vessels, mounting five hun-
dred and thirty-nine heavy guns, had assaulted the fort for
five hours that day, not a hostile gun replying beyond an
hour and a quarter after the opening of the engagement.
The 25th inst., landing was effected five miles east of Fort
Fisher, under cover of the navy. Gen’l Weitzel advanced his
skirmishers within fifty yards of the fort (which was under
a heavy fire from the fleet), and three or four men went
upon the parapet, and captured the garrison’s flag ; but Gen’l
Butler deemed the fort susceptible to capture only by
siege, and, claiming that that was not included in his instruc-
tions, he re-embarked his troops and returned to Fortress
Monroe.
This failure was the occasion, rather than the cause of
Gen’l Butler’s removal, for it was no secret that the com-
manding general had long been dissatisfied with him. The
order for him to report at Lowell was universally approved
by the army and the country. It is but just to
concede Gen’l Butler’s ability as an executive officer;
his shrewdness and skill in diplomacy and _statecraft.
He was at his best as the military governor of New
Orleans. His success during the rebellion was in this direc-
tion. It was not discreditable that he was not a suc-
cessful field general ; that he was not equal to besieging, or
to defending besieged places, to planning battles, or to direct-
ing assaults. His prominence during the war, arose from
his use of favoring events; his signal failure and the coun-
try’s disappointment from the fact that he had military
greatness thrust upon him, but was nowhere equal to. it.
January. 6th, Maj. Gen’l A. H. Terry left Fortress
ee Pr
re eee eee ee ee ee
456 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Monroe, with eight thousand men under Gen'ls Ames
and Paine, and Col. Abbott, to renew the assault upon
Fort Fisher, the navy co-operatmg. The troops landed
the 13th, as before, and constructed a line of defence
against a possible rear attack. Gen’l Paine’s and Col.
Abbott’s. Brigades (forty-five hundred men) were left
to defend this line, while Gen’l Ames’ Brigade (thirty-five
hundred men) was the assaulting column. The assault was
made at three o’clock the 15th, and lasted until about nine
o'clock, when the fort and outlying works were captured,
with a Union loss of eighty-eight killed, five hundred and
one wounded, and ninety-two missing. The Confederate loss
in killed and wounded was about four hundred; besides
which we captured one hundred and twelve officers, one
thousand nine hundred and seventy-one men, one hundred
and sixty-nine pieces of artillery, and two thousand stand of
arms. Fort Caswell and the river batteries opposite, were
evacuated, and blown up by the enemy during the night.
Maj. Gen’l John M. Schofield, stationed at Eastport,
Miss., and the Twenty-Third Corps, were ordered to the
Department of North Carolina; but it was not until about
February 19th this force arrived in the State, a part of it
being sent to New Berne, and the remainder to Fort Fisher.
Gen’l Sherman was at this time moving upon Columbia,
S. C., and the strengthening of this department was for the
purpose of co-operating with him, and of uniting forces at
Goldsboro, at which place Gen'l Sherman expected to arrive
about the middle of March. On the 22d of February, Gen’!
Schofield captured Wilmington, with a loss of less than two
hundred men, the enemy being flanked, and the place cap-
tured with but little resistance.
February Llth Capt. J. W. Trafton returned from duty
at Boston Harbor, and relieved Capt. McKay at the Red
House. Companies C, D and I were joined to this com-
mand, and Company H returned to Rocky Run. Quite an
THE RED HOUSE AND ROCKY RUN.’ 457
excitement was created, a few days later, by a full company
of the Sixth North Carolina Cavalry, with horses, arms
and equipments, deserting, and coming within our lines.
After being disarmed, they were given the freedom of New
Berne, many of them in their new-found freedom, remarking,
‘If the Confederate army knew they would be treated like
this, you would have the whole army here in a few days.”
February 12th Capt. J. H. Nutting and Lieut. W. G. Davis
returned to the regiment, having escaped from prison as
before narrated. On the 15th, thirty recruits were received,
and were assigned to Company C, increasing the effective
streneth of the regiment to about two hundred and sixty-
four men. Company C now returned to Rocky Run, and
was replaced at the Red House by Companies B and F.
TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
CHAPTER XXIII.
SOUTH-WEST CREEK.
FEBRUARY 25th, Gen’l Palmer received instructions from
Gen’l Schofield to move at once upon Kinston, but being
dilatory, was superseded March 3d by Gen’l J. D. Cox
and assigned to a subordinate command. He was soon
relieved from this also, and retired from the front. New
Berne was at this time overrun with convalescents, recruits,
and conscripts who were being crowded to the front, and
these represented nearly every organization in the Tenth,
Eighteenth and Twenty-Third Corps. Many of them, unable
to find their regiments, had collected at Camp Chattanooga,
but were now assigned to various regiments forming Carter’s
Provisional Corps.
Gen. Schofield’s first plan against the enemy was to make
the movement from New Berne subsidiary to more impor-
tant ones from Wilmington, via the Weldon Railroad. The
enemy’s forces were, however, strongly posted before Kins-
ton, and were reinforced by Hoke’s, Cheatham’s and a part
of S. D. Lee’s Divisions; and the whole command placed
under Gen’! Braxton Bragg. Their plan was clearly to hold
Kinston and Goldsboro at all hazards, to crush each advance
from New Berne and Wilmington in detail, and then to unite
with Johnston in a combined attack upon Sherman’s vic-
torious host. This necessitated making the movement via
New Berne most prominent; and a part of the Twenty-
Third Corps was hastily removed by transports from Wil-
mington to that place. The advance towards Goldsboro was
made under the watchful eye of Gen’l Schofield ; while Gen’ls
COLONEL BARTHOLEMEW’S SPEECH. 459
Terry and Couch co-operated from Wilmington, with instruc-
tions to join our column at the earliest moment possible.
March 4th the Twenty-Seventh Mass. was brigaded with
the Fifteenth Conn. Regt., under command of Col. Charles
L. Upham, and the brigade was designated as the Second
Brigade, Second Division, District of Beaufort. The Fif-
teenth Conn. was a veteran regiment, much reduced by ser-
vice, to which so many men from Camp Chattanooga had
been temporarily ordered that it had nearly its original
numbers. Of necessity it lacked the cohesion and spirit
resulting from a union of service.
The force under Gen’l Cox moved from New Berne March
3d; and two days later, the Twenty-Seventh received orders
to ‘* report at Core Creek in light marching order, with four
days’ rations and sixty rounds.” Early the morning of the
5th we rendezvoused at Bachelor’s Creek, and advanced by
the Neuse and Dover Roads —the old Gum Swamp route —
reaching Core Creek about four p.m. At half-past six the
morning of the 6th a general movement began, the T'wenty-
Seventh Mass. upon the advance as skirmishers. The roads
were muddy, and heavily blockaded by the enemy, so that
our progress was slow and tedious, and we halted for the
night on a field near the scene of our old Gum Swamp con-
flict. Before being dismissed, Col. Bartholomew addressed
the regiment as follows: ‘‘ Boys, we are going into another
fight, and I expect you will maintain the honor of the old
Twenty-Seventh. Don’t run until you see me run, and be
sure you mistake no cther man for me. When you see me
going, run like hell!”
The pioneer and construction corps were busy the entire
night, clearing and constructing roads, and it was nearly
noon of the 7th before orders to advance were received.
The Ninth New Jersey and One Hundred and Thirty-Second
New York took the advance as skirmishers, the enemy
opposing them sharply with musketry and artillery. Reach-
— SEF EE tt NE ION te AI BPG Ayn =
460 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
ing Wise Forks, the force under Col. Claassen charged the
enemy’s skirmishers, driving them across South-West Creek
at Jackson’s Mills,—four and a half miles from Kinston,
and one and a half miles from the Forks. A considerable
artillery engagement took place, under which the Ninth and
«
One Hundred and Thirty-Second were withdrawn, and half
GUM SWAMP
and Vicinity.
0 q - +
+} __] MILES
KINSTON.,
1. =
DEC. 14, iseat” “8
JACKSON'S
i .
of the Fifteenth Conn. moved forward and took position
across the road one hundred yards from the creek. The
other half was marched south into a field to protect the left
flank, while the Twenty-Seventh Mass. was posted in the
woods on the right of the Jackson Mills road, supporting
COLONEL, YOU ARE BEING FLANKED. 461
the pickets. Thus situated, the Twenty-Seventh spread their
blankets for the night, their rest being disturbed at intervals
by shots from the enemy's battery across the creek.
The grounds were mostly a dead level, covered with par-
tially reclaimed swamps, or thickets of woods and marsh,
while the roads were mud-holes of uncertain depths. Palmer’s
Division held the right along the railroad two miles distant,
while Carter’s Provisional Division occupied Wise Forks,
one and a half miles to the rear. Between these forces was
a gap of nearly half a mile, depending upon its marshy char-
acter for defence against rebel incursions. At the rear of
our position, the Old British Road, from the railroad, cut the
Jackson Mills road at right angles, at the south-westerly
corner of which was an earthwork, occupied by Company:D,
Seventeenth Mass. Regt., Capt. Cann. A detachment of
the Twelfth N. Y. Cavalry were on the British Road south
of the corners, as videttes; while a section of Battery I,
Third N. Y. Artillery, Lieut. Seymour, was stationed on
Jackson Mills Road, at the rear of the Fifteenth Conn.
Regt.
At seven A.M., the Sth of March, rumors reached us that
‘‘the enemy were attempting a flank movement at our left,”
and the Twenty-Seventh Mass. were ordered to take position
across the British Road, south of the Corners, which they
did, while two cavalry videttes were thrown half a mile in
advance to warn of danger. We were holding this posi-
tion about eleven o’clock A.mM., when an old man, upon
horseback, and in citizen’s dress, rode up, saying to Col.
Bartholomew, ‘‘ You are being flanked, and may expect the
enemy in that direction at any moment,” pointing towards
the woods in the direction of Wise Forks.
This was really our rear, and separated us from our sup-
ports. Col. Bartholomew immediately changed front, bring-
ing the regiment on the easterly side of the road (facing
east), and advanced the left flank company under Adjt.
462 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
J. W. Holmes and Lieut. L. A. Holmes, as skirmishers.
They were moving too far to the right, when Col. Bartholo-
mew advanced to a slight rise and ordered them farther to
the left, pointing with finger, and following with his eye
the desired direction. As he did so, the enemy suddenly
emerged from the whole line of woods, and charged double-
quick towards our position, and the intersection of the roads.
The woods were literally full of them, from which they
swarmed with yells, until they covered our front and flanks.
Col. Bartholomew returned to the regiment, and as soon
as the skirmishers had returned, ordered us to open fire.
The two pieces of Seymour’s Battery, after firing a few
rounds, rushed down the road in the direction of Wise
Forks, one of its guns falling into the enemy’s hands; while
the detachment of the Seventeenth Mass. made good its
escape by the British Road. The Twenty-Seventh Mass., by
its morning report, March 7, 1865, numbered nine (it should
have been ten) officers and one hundred ninety-one men, of
whom Col. Bartholomew writes: ‘‘I felt as much con-
fidence in them as in a whole regiment of new troops, and
that confidence was never misplaced.”
The enemy captured the detachment of the Twelfth N. Y.
Cavalry, who were upon the British Road below us, and
charged our skirmishers, driving them back three hundred
yards upon the regiment. Here we delivered a rapid and
effective fire, causing their massed troops to recoil from our
front. The Confederates covered our position with shriek-
ing shot, amidst which Col. Bartholomew moved back and
1g, .
well, boys; keep cool! Don't waste your ammunition!”
We kept our position,
forth along the line, encouragingly saying, ‘* You are doing
S
giving them the best we had, again
und again causing their lines to halt, until their shots came
quartering from the rear, and we could see them in nearly
three-quarters of a circle around us. Our colonel again
moved along the line, saying, ** Boys, I want to face you
HARDLY A FIGHTING CHANCE. 463
to the rear; march back a little, and turn around and give it
to them again. Keep cool and steady: About — Face ! —
Forward!” and the regiment moved compactly across the
road, forming in the field beyond the enemy’s flanks.
It was a trying movement, and none but men of sterling
courage and coolness could have executed it so well; for
the prevailing impulse in retiring from danger is excessive
haste, which in such a moment easily becomes a total rout.
Every man stopped at the order ‘* Halt!” and faced about,
concentrating a well-directed fire upon the rebels’ advance.
From front and flanks a converging fire swept our position,
and the enemy closed upon us, yelling, ‘‘ Surrender! Sur-
render!” for they were in overwhelming force. Hoke’s
entire division of five thousand five hundred men was there,
with its assault concentric upon us. Again and again our
fire swept the field, cutting fearful winrows in the enemy’s
e
ranks, which, massed in column by division, was pressing
down upon us. The contest deepened, dealing death and
destruction along our line, and the light faded almost to
twilight, under the battle-cloud of smoke which covered the
sky with its murky hue. Again the enemy enveloped our
flanks, and shots came quartering from the rear, and our
invincible line again faced about, marched out of the encir-
cling line and formed behind an old rail fence. Here we
found the half of the Fifteenth Conn., which had been
placed in reserve the night previous. Once more our column
faced the foe, returning defiant answer to their fire and
demand for surrender. Many of the Fifteenth Conn. joined
manfully in the fray, and the enemy again and again recoiled
before our trusty rifles.
In this uneven contest, unaided by a single piece of artil-
lery, there could be only one issue ; but we hoped to prolong
the contest until our forces at Wise Forks could afford relief.
From the first there had been for us no way of escape, and
vach man had resolved that, if overpowered, it would be
464 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
with exhausted ammunition, and with commensurate loss to
the enemy. The tide of battle swept mercilessly along our
front; both of our color-bearers had been shot down, and the
colors picked up and defiantly flaunted by others. Again
the rebels had reached our rear and were endeavoring to
complete their cordon of investment around us, when Col.
Bartholomew, as a last resort, gave the order, ‘‘ Twenty-
Seventh! rally round your colors!” Many of the Fifteenth
Conn. rallied with us, and on that storm-rent field the de-
voted band emulated the courage and valor of Thermopyle
and Marathon, and desperately contested the advance of the
enemy. With a frenzy born of despair, they defied the
enemy’s fire, refused to surrender, and plied their faithful
rifles until their ammunition was nearly spent. Could it be
that aid would fail? and only two miles distant! Was this
the reward of valiant service? ‘* They must hear, and,
knowing the weakness of our column, must understand
that such a clash of arms must be from an overwhelming
foe,” were thoughts that crowded the mind.
The enemy now came pouring over South-West Creek in
our rear, seeing which, the Fifteenth Conn. broke, the panic
sarrying many of the Twenty-Seventh with them. Just at
this moment a Minie-ball crushed through Col. Bartholo-
mew’s leg, shattering the fibula, or small bone below the
knee, and he fell helpless to the ground. The enemy, quick
to discern the temporary faltering Of our fire, rushed upon
us, and with one sweep crushed our column, and the con-
flict was over. Col. Zachary, of the Twenty-Kighth Georgia,
received Col. Bartholomew’s sword, while the enraged foe
threatened vengeance on us for their terrible loss. Adjutant
Holmes was looking at his watch when our colonel fell,
finding we had then been contending, single handed, fifty-five
minutes. He immediately went to Col. Bartholomew, car-
ing for his wound, when a rebel captain came up ordering
both our officers to pull off their boots, overcoats and hats,
LOSSES OF THE REGIMENT. 465
give up their money, and even took the handkerchief with
which the adjutant had commenced to dress the colonel’s
wound. It is a pleasure to add, this act was severely con-
demned by Col. Zachary, who was a soldier and gentleman
of honor.
This letter shows a master-hand and a thorough, energetic
and progressive man. The medical department consisted of
George A. Otis of Springfield, Surgeon ; Samuel Camp of
Great Barrington, Assistant Surgeon, and George E. Fuller
of Wilbraham, Hospital Steward. The hospital was organ-
ized with Ransom D. Pratt, Company D, Sunderland, Clerk ;
William Sanderson, Company I, Annapolis, Md., Apothe-
cary; Warren S. Buxton, Company K, Wilbraham, Com-
missary ; John O’Connors, Company I, Palmer, Cook ; with
Charles D. Fish, Company A, Easthampton; William H.
Moody, Company D, South Hadley ; Hiram Spooner, Com-
pany F, Southampton; Jabez C. Brown, Company H,
Adams, and Charles R. ‘ay, Company K, Springfield, as
Nurses. John King of Company E, Lenox, was the first to
serve as a nurse, and he it was who being challenged at
night in passing a guard, thrust a bed-pan under the sentinel’s
nose saying, ‘‘ Begorra! isn’t that countersign enough for
ye?” Steward Fuller was the first medical officer to share
500 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
the rations and quarters of the regiment. Hardly a night
was passed without calls for relief from cholera morbus and
colic, Col Lyman’s order probibiting the sale of pies’n things
not preventing many of the men from running the guard,
and gorging themselves in the city. Most of the time while
the regiment remained in the State was passed by this de-
partment in constant efforts to avert the dire effects of the
pie-eat-y inclination of the men, and to check the tendency
to disease from this entirely new mode of life. Colds and
bowel-complaints were the prevailing troubles, resulting
from sleeping upon the ground with only straw and a rubber
blanket separating them therefrom.
The last of September we received our hospital supplies.
The stores filled twelve large chests, one of them containing
a miniature apothecary shop; two, other medicines in bulk ;
another, cooking utensils; still another, our mess stores ;
while the others were filled with sheets, ticks and blankets,
sufficient for twelve cots, besides shirts, towels, lint and
changes for the use of the sick. There were twelve iron
bedat ads, four stretchers, three ambulances, and two two-
horse transportation wagons. Surgeon Otis’ experience in
the hospitals of Europe proved of great value in arranging
and equipping our hospital. His success is fully shown In
that the organization of the great Base Hospital of the Tenth
and Eighteenth Corps, in the campaign of 1864, was largely
entrusted to members of the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Hospi-
tal Department. Steward, now Dr. Fuller, is in possession
of a letter from the Medical Director of the Army of the
James, in which he ascribes much of the efficiency of that
hospital to them. |
In leaving Springfield, Nov. 2, 1861, we took all our sick
with us, including two severe cases of typhoid fever. This
Surgeon Otis did, because he thought that any who were left
behind would never rejoin the regiment. Before we had
accomplished half our journey the surgeon wished he had
ON THE WAY TO ANNAPOLIS. dU]
left the severer cases in Springfield. A passenger coach at
the rear of the train bearing the regiment was assigned us,
in which we endeavored to make our sickest men comfortable
upon stretchers placed across the top of the seats. The
transferal of our patients and supplies to a steamer at mid
of night at Hudson, N. Y., and a
N. J., and the exchanging of cars at Philadelphia, Pa., and
©
gain to cars at Jersey City,
Baltimore, Md., was a task severely taxing the strength and
endurance of our hospital department, as well as enfeebling
and hazardous to our sick. While the regiment was refresh-
ing itself at Cooper’s Rooms and waiting for transportation,
the ladies of Philadelphia obtained comfortable beds for our
invalids and supplied them with delicate and stimulating food.
The tender care bestowed by these patriotic women, did
much to aid us in reaching Annapolis without serious results
to our suffering men. In spite of the severe strain caused
by this journey upon our fevered men, all of them recovered
after reaching our destination. On arrival at Annapolis,
Md., we attempted to get hospital accommodations, but
without success until the following afternoon, when we got
our sick into the post hospital. A more jaded set of men
than the hospital department, when they had completed the
transfer of their disabled men, and their supplies, is hard
to be imagined.
November was a delightful month, and was attended with
very little sickness, but December was dull and stormy.
Measles became epidemic in camp and after a cold, raw
storm, the cases which came to the hospital took on a very
malignant type, and by the men were appropriately called
‘* black measles,” quite a number of cases proving fatal.
Upon the embarkation of the regiment with Burnside’s
Expedition, such of the sick as could bear removal were
placed upon the hospital schooner ‘* Recruit,” while the more
serious cases were left at the Annapolis hospitals. During
the month we were storm-tossed at Hatteras we were favored
pe Rh Et ee NEE RN = SERRE R: t Siy BR. a
as - “ ra ares > dai epee
sg RSE ag i ITE.
é a Sh eT a ae et eens ili Ain li tile
502 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
as to sickness; vermin, however, abounded, and for them
unguentum and sulphur had no terrors, Officers and men
were mercilessly overrun, and doughty soldiers who had
sworn to shed their blood if necessary to defend their colors,
yielded their blood by day and by night to cohorts of lice,
with which all were infested. We could not rid ourselves
from them until after our arrival at New Berne, where soap
and fresh water could be had in abundance. At Roanoke
Island, Surgeon Otis and Steward Fuller were detailed upon
the gunboat ‘* Ranger” to participate in the naval engage-
ment, while Assistant Surgeon Camp attended the regiment
upon the battle-field. The skill, energy, and courage shown
by the latter upon that field are worthy of all praise.
The story of New Berne is admirably related in a letter of
Surgeon Otis to the Surgeon-General of Massachusetts : —
New Berne, March 28, 1862.
To the Surgeon-General :
DeaR Sir, —I landed at Slocum’s Creek on the morning of the 13th
with the first boat-load from our regiment, and having waded ashore, I
marched (with the hospital department) to the point where we bivou-
acked. Our regiment, suffering terribly from long confinement on ship-
board, turned out only five hundred and fifty men. The Twenty-First had
but five hundred; the Twenty-Fifth seven hundred; the Twenty-Fourth
mustered full ranks. The two last had enjoyed the privilege of a month
ashore at Roanoke Island, and constant practice in drill and march; while
our poor fellows were cribbed and cabined three days after Roanoke was
taken. Still our stragglers were fewer than from either of the regiments
in advance of it. Only five men declared their utter inability to keep up
with the weary march. In the morning, about six, the few who could
sleep were aroused by a prolonged fusilade. We were presently on the
march, and soon came in sight of the long line of entrenchments. The
Twenty-Seventh opened fire, quickly followed by the howitzers. About
seventy-five yards in the rear of the howitzers, a lane led off at right
angles from the road to the right, toward a farmhouse, two hundred
yards distant, known as Harrison’s House. On the lane, midway between
the road and farmhouse, was a cluster of negro quarters. As I passed up
the road, my orderly pointed to the farmhouse, where a red flag was float-
ing, and said, ‘‘Sir, the doctors are collecting there.” I afterwards
learned that Dr. Church (medical director), and Drs. Green and Curtis of
the Twenty-Fourth, had occupied this house, which was about two hun-
SURG. OTIS ON THE FIELD OF NEW BERNE, 503
dred yards in the rear of the line of the Twenty-Fourth, but that a shell
had exploded in the yard, whereupon the medical director ordered them
to fall back and establish an ambulance station in the woods, a half-mile
further in the rear.
I replied to the orderly, that we would get nearer, and kept on till
we came to the guns in position at the head of the road, where my men
halted, a rod in rear of the line of battle. I had barely time to call to
them, that their position near the battery was too dangerous, when our
colonel gave the word, open jire. We hurried over toward the left wing
of our regiment, but had hardly passed the centre when the enemy’s fire
became so heavy that most of my men began to throw themselves on
their faces at each discharge of grape, which was poured in at a distance
of two hundred and seventy-five yards from a battery of six twelve-
pounders, served with great rapidity and accuracy. The stretcher-bear-
ers, however, came up promptly when the first man dropped, a little
fellow from Amherst, a true Massachusetts boy (John E. Cushman by
name), whose left arm was shattered by grape. He was carried a little
way to the rear and across the road, when I stopped to perform the
operation. But we found the fire here hotter than at the front, one of
my attendants being wounded in the shoulder by a fragment of shell, so
Cushman was taken up and carried one hundred yards further, to the
cluster of shanties I have mentioned. I amputated at the surgical neck
of the humerus as rapidly as I could—the shanty being struck more than
once during the operation. I should perhaps have considered the pro-
priety of moving further off, had not the wounded begun to throng the
house before the first operation was finished, and to claim instant atten-
tion. I next removed Lieut, Warner’s leg, and was engaged in this opera-
tion and had sent my assistant, Dr. Camp, to see if the farmhouse was
occupied, when Dr. Derby came in with Capt. Sawyer, whose thigh he had
just amputated. It was agreed that he should go to the farmhouse, where
the wounded were now thronging. Meanwhile Dr. Camp and Dr. Lathrop,
of the Eighth Conn., assisted me by attending to the minor injuries of
the men outside. The severest cases were taken into the three shanties,
or were carried on to the farmhouse, where Dr. Derby was, assisted by
Drs. Rice, Batchelder, Upham and Stone; or to the rear, where Drs,
Thompson, Green and Curtis were busily engaged.
My friend, Dr. Lathrop, however, had to leave to seek his regiment,
which had removed from the reserve to the left, and as Dr. Camp had
gone to the field, I was left alone. I did nearly all my operations with
the assistance of Hospital Steward Fuller, who showed great firmness,
though he had never before witnessed operative procedures under fire,
Sixty-four wounded of the Twenty-Seventh, Twenty-Third and Twenty-
Fifth Mass., Fourth Rhode Island, the Eleventh Conn., and the naval bri-
gade (which manned the howitzers) were treated at my hospital station.
Thirty-one of those that had undergone operations, or were too severely
504 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
wounded to be moved farther, remained alone there. I extracted, or cut
out, two grape and three musket balls, and tied the radial artery for a
wound above the wrist. There was one case in which amputation at the
hip joint might have been practised, the case of James Sullivan, Company
G., whose thigh was shockingly mangled by a solid shot; but the sur-
geons of the First Brigade are convinced that it is wisest not to attempt
this procedure. One of our men with compound fracture of the forearm,
and one with compound fracture of the tibia, have done well without
operative interference. The operations sum up as follows: Amputations
of the thigh, one; of leg, two; of arm, four; of forearm, one; total major
amputations, eight. Amputations of fingers, or portions of the hand, three.
Ball extractions, five. One of my most interesting cases is that of P.
Sweeny, of Company C, who probably has a conical ball in the head of the
righthumerus. After being hit, he walked to a hospital station nearly two
miles in the rear, where a cold-water dressing was applied and the arm
placed in a sling. The next day he walked back to my hospital at the
field. This developed excessive irritative action, and though I was
anxious to attempt excision of the head of the bone, I listened to my bet-
ter judgment and to Dr. Derby’s wise counsel, and waited. When we
moved the severely wounded to New Berne, four days afterward, Sweeny
bore the journey ill, and he is still in a condition in which Dr. Derby and
I consider any operation inexpedient. The severely wounded of the First
Brigade were brought to New Berne on a steamer, which ran aground,
and Derby and I were left in charge of seventy-one wounded, including
twenty-one stumps of limbs, for the weariest night I almost ever spent.
Dr. Upham had organized a general hospital, and Dr. Kneeland another,
and here the wounded were consigned. Derby was put in charge of one
and I was detailed to the other; but the immense number of cases in my
regiment compelled me to insist on being relieved. I am now in charge
of our regimental hospital, which contains, alas! sixty-seven beds. The
regiment is encamped on the outskirts of the town. I occupy four
pleasant cottages for my hospital; roses and hyacinths bloom around
them, and the pure air is rapidly doing its beneficial work on the inmates.
Your very ob’t serv’t,
G. A. OTIS,
Surg. Twenty-Seventh Regt. Mass Vols.
A few days after the battle our hospital opened in four
neat cottages near the Fair Ground, with about seventy-five
beds, all occupied, and still not enough to receive all who
should have been accommodated with hospital care. There
were also nearly two hundred sick in quarters. It will be
ASST. SURGEONS CAMP AND HUBON. 505
seen, therefore, that the roses and hyacinths, which were in
bloom, had few attractions for many of our weary, ship-
worn men, who, with constitutions seriously impaired by
sixty-nine days’ confinement on crowded transports, were
sadly fitted for a summer’s campaign, with the malarial
miasms of North Carolina swamps and the diseases incident
to a change of climate. As a consequence, typho-malarial
fever and chronic diarrhcea prevailed extensively during our
first summer South, and kept our hospital crowded and our
men hard-worked. Even now, after the lapse of twenty
years, the tears dim the eye as we think how often the drum
corps and a squad of men with arms reversed came to the
hospital to escort a beloved comrade to that most honored
place on earth—a patriol’s grave. Fresh fruits and vege-
‘
tables, and, later, the cool, invigorating air of autumn,
brought new life, strength and vigor to our men, in place of
the jaundiced countenance and weary shamble which had
marked them during the summer. Assistant Surgeon
Samuel Camp, who had been with us from the first, and who
was popular with the men, a competent physician and sur-
geon, resigned March 27th, soon after the battle of New Berne,
and returned to the practice of his profession in Great
Barrington. Dr. Peter Emmet Hubon, of Worcester, was
appointed to his place April 15, 1862, and reported for duty
April 80. Dr. Hubon won the respect and esteem of the
regiment, with which he remained until May 27, 1863, when
he was promoted to be surgeon of the Twenty-Eighth Mass.
Vols. After the war, Dr. Hubon visited Kurope, and, re-
turning, located in Worcester, where he practised his pro-
fession until his death, which occurred in 1875.
It was the custum for some time after our arrival at New
Berne to give the men every morning a grain of quinine and
a table-spoonful of whiskey, as a prophylactic. Our quinine
soon gave out, and Dr. Otis ordered the whiskey doubled.
No complaints were made on account of this change.
506 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
May 1, Dr. Hubon accompanied the regiment to Bachelor's
Creek as the medical officer; but the hospital was retained
at the cottages, and the sick were brought in by ambulance.
The hospital was maintained at the cottages till we were
divided on the 9th of September. They were then given
up, but Dr. Otis remained at New Berne as medical direc-
tor. Dr. Hubon went to Newport Barracks, Dr. Hunt to
Washington, and Hospital Steward Fuller to Bachelor's
Creek. The last-named station proved healthful. Newport
Barracks and Washington were hotbeds of malaria, — espe-
cially Newport Barracks. The sickliest station where any
of our regiment was located was Haverlock, near Newport
Barracks, where a dam had broken through and a pond
emptied, which had been in existence for more than fifty
years ‘This pestilential spot would render a whole company
hors de combat in a week.
Dr. Franklin L. Hunt went to Little Washington and
reported for duty August 15th. He became at once very
popular, and was of disposition so amiable that one could
not help but be attracted to him. His stay with us was
short, for on November 18th he was fired upon by rebels in
ambush, and fell, pierced by eleven bullets. Dr. Hunt’s
funeral was attended at New Berne by the whole medical
corps. He was universally lamented.
November 3vth, the several detachments of the regiment
were ordered to New Berne, and established a hospital in a
house opposite to Academy Green and the Academy Green
General Hospital. This arrangement was of short duration,
as the regiment was soon ordered to the field, and the hos-
pital department accompanied it to Kinston, Whitehall,
and Goldsboro. Returning to New Berne we had hardly
time to establish a hospital before we were ordered to Wash-
ington, N.C. Here we found a post hospital which Dr.
Hunt, our lamented second assistant surgeon, had organized,
and which, since his untimely death, had been in charge of
THE HOSPITAL FUND. 5O7
Assistant Surgeon Hubon. This we enlarged, by taking
possession of the Grice mansion, and were soon in as
elegant quarters as we could ask for. Our wards, — once
magnificent parlors, — had full-length ‘mirrors and other
luxuries not included in the list of supplies of the quarter-
master’s department.
While here a bakery was constructed, in which we baked
the flour furnished by the government, thus saving one-half
in the bread ration and increasing by so much our hospital
fund. We could draw at stated periods one daily ration for
each attendant and patient, but as the sick did not need full
rations, only such parts thereof were drawn as were actually
required by the sick and the attendants. The difference in
ralue between the number of rations due a hospital and the
stores issued to it, constituted a credit with the subsistence
department in favor of the hospital. This credit was called
the ‘‘ hospital fund,” and furnished the means for supplying
the sick with extras needful for their health and comfort.
In December, 1863, there was due the hospital $6.39 for
four hundred and fifty-nine rations at twenty-one cents per
ration, beside a balance of $15.18 from the previous month.
We selected from the supplies included in the government
ration, salt and fresh beef, flour, potatoes, onions, rice, tea,
coffee, sugar and molasses to the amount of $74.83, and
purchased at the expense of our fund delicacies to the
amount of $15.00. For January, 1864, the cost of apples,
lemons, butter, eggs, chickens, tomatoes, milk and oysters
amounted to $40.57.
At Washington, malarial and catarrhal diseases abounded
during the early winter; later on, these gave way to rheuma-
tism and a few cases of measles. On the 21st of January
there were ten sick in hospital and fifty at surgeon’s call,
On the 26th, Companies G and H sailed for Plymouth, N.
C., and with them went Ashley W. Barrows of Company G,
who before joining the regiment had taken a partial course
508 TWENIY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
of medical lectures, after an experience of several years as
a drug clerk. Barrows acted as hospital steward at Plym-
outh, remaining after the return of Companies G and H,
until the town was captured and himself taken a prisoner.
In the opening of the spring, malaria increased, and then
came the siege of Washington. Owing to the smallness of
our force it was absolutely necessary that every man should
be at the front. Rations were insufficient, vegetables were
wanting, and very little rest could be obtained; so that at
the close of the siege the men came out of the trenches
wearied and debilitated by the long mental strain and bodily
exposure. When we reached New Berne scurvy began to
appear, and the men were utterly unfit for the rapid and
exhausting marches to and from Gum Swamp. It was no
wonder that men in such a condition, marching over the miry
roads and drinking the marshy water from the roadside,
should drop in the way by scores, but it was a wonder that
any one possessing a spark of humanity could have called
these soldiers ‘* white-livered cowards,” as our sick were
called by the commanding general at this time. This was
the same officer who afterward reprimanded the assistant
surgeon in charge of the regiment for appropriating a mule-
cart and a wagon for the purpose of bringing home the sick
who were unable to walk. We were on a raid among guer-
rillas and these vehicles belonged to one of their leaders.
At Little Washington, during the siege, several cases of
cerebro-spinal meningitis had occurred, but after r aching
New Berne this disease became epidemic among us. Other
diseases increased, especially bowel troubles and malarial
fevers with congestive chills; so that we had from one hun-
dred and twenty to one hundred and thirty at sick-call daily.
July 12th the medical staff was strengthened by the
arrival of Dr. Curtis EK. Munn, just appointed second
assistant surgeon, who, with jovial disposition and a happy
tact for smoothing over rough places, became a general
ONE EFFECT OF LARGE BOUNTIES. 509
favorite. In August sickness had greatly decreased and the
regiment was healthier than at any time since leaving Annap-
olis. The sanitary condition of the city over which we were
acting as provost guard was excellent, owing to the most effi-
client labors of Capt. A. R. Dennison, street commissioner
and member of the board of health. In October, owing toa
long storm, coughs, colds and intermittent fever increased,
until, when at Newport News, we had a very large sick list.
In November the hospital caught fire and many of the
regimental records were injured or destroyed. Sickness
steadily decreased through November and December till at
Norfolk, December 18th, we had only sixteen men on the
sick list. In January, 1864, we had five or six men at sur-
geon’s call and only ten in the hospital out of seven hun-
dred and twenty present, and had passed nearly five months
with but one death occurring in the regiment. In January
and February, 1864, measles and small-pox appeared and
we had twenty-four or twenty-five cases of the latter
disease, three of which were fatal. One of these three
was Corp. Harry R. Blackmer of Athol, Company B, who
died January 26th, and whose death was felt to be a great
loss to the regiment. Our hospital at Norfolk was located
on Catherine Street, and was well equipped. Under the
supervision of Steward Fuller and his faithful assistants,
our sick received every possible care and attention.
At the beginning of the war, when men, stimulated by
patriotism, enlisted from a sense of duty and a desire to serve
their country, comparatively few recruits were found unfit
for military duty by regimental surgeons; afterwards men,
utterly unfit for service, stimulated by large bounties, were
accepted by the surgeons at the recruiting stations, and sent
to the regiments in the field. Thus, with many valuable
recruits sent to the Twenty-Seventh at Newport News and
Norfolk, were received many men broken down by old age
and disease; men disabled by organic disease of the heart,
510 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
chronic rheumatism, chronic alcoholism, scrofula and even
imbecility. Some of these, after being rejected by the regi-
mental surgeon, could not be got rid of. They were at last
put upon the rolls, drew their pay, did little or no service,
and now have a hope of becoming enrolled in the vast army
of pensioners. At Julian’s Creek, in April, we had little
sickness, and fortunately, for we were without sufficient
protection, owing to the want of hospital tents.
May 38, 1864, we landed at Yorktown ‘‘in light marching
order”; ‘‘so light, indeed,” as Dr. Munn remarked, ‘ that
our hospital equipage consisted of a towel; and would soon
be cut down to a pocket-handkerchief.”. At Bermuda Hun-
dreds, Dr. Fish and Steward Fuller were detailed to the corps
hospital ; but the former, desiring to stay with the regiment
and share its fortunes, begged off from the detail, and Dr.
Munn was taken in his place. Neither of these officers
returned to the regiment, but remained at the corps hospitals
until promoted. Dr. Munn first enlisted from Westfield in
December, 1861, as hospital steward of the First Mass.
Cavalry. He was promoted to assistant surgeon Twenty-
Seventh Mass. July, 1863; surgeon Second Mass. Infantry
December, 1864; mustered out July, 1865. Appointed first
lieutenant and assistant surgeon U. S. A. November, 1868 ;
promoted captain and assistant surgeon December, 1869.
He is now stationed at Fort Bayard, New Mexico, and is
reputed one of the most skilful surgeons in the army.
It is but just to say that Steward Fuller was the right man
in the right place. He was one in whose ability, discretion
and trustworthiness the surgeons of the regiment placed
implicit confidence. Leaving Amherst College to enlist in
the Twenty-Seventh, he gave his whole heart to the work,
and under the tuition of Dr. Otis became a model hospital
steward. Fertile in expedients, and zealous for the welfare
of those entrusted to his care, whatever of necessaries or
luxuries were to be had for the sick were soon obtained.
STEWARD GEORGE E. FULLER. 511
Under his rule no jealousies or divisions arose among ‘* the
hospital crew,” but each worked faithfully and cheerfully for
the common good. After the expiration of his enlistment
in the Twenty-Seventh Mass., Steward Fuller served as a
hospital steward in the regular army, at Washington, D. C.,
where he completed his medical course, and graduated from
the Columbia Medical College. He is now in the enjoyment
of a lucrative practice at Monson, Mass.
After Steward Fuller’s detail, William E. F. Sanderson,
of Company I, one of the hospital attendants, was made
acting hospital steward, and performed the duties with great
acceptance. At Port Walthall Junction, on the 6th of May,
the brigade hospital, under Dr. Otis, was at the Mary Dunn
house ; while the temporary dressings of the wounds of the
I'wenty-Seventh men were done in a little storehouse half-
way down the field towards the battle-ground. The latter
place proved to be too far in advance, as it was with difficulty
the wounded could be removed before the withdrawal of our
forces. ‘The bravest men, when lying wounded and helpless
under fire, suffer from dread of further unnecessary hurt.
This mistake was committed at New Berne, and at Peters-
burg on the 18th of June. The only excuse that can be
offered for this, is the conviction of its surgeons that with a
fair field before it, the progress of the regiment could not
be stayed; a conviction so firmly fixed that not even the
bloody repulses of Drewry’s Bluff and Cold Harbor were
sufficient to impair it.
At Arrowfield Church the wounded were sent to the corps
hospital as fast as they fell; while at the close of the day
our surgeons did what they could to relieve the sufferings
of the enemy’s. wounded, only desisting for a short time while
the enemy were shelling our ambulances. Here William
Hopkins of Company D caught a bullet in his eye. This
must have been a spent ball that lodged under the lid,
and was picked out by one of his comrades. Strange to
TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
say, this ball did not break the globe, although the injury
resulted in the loss of the eye. Our brigade had started out
with only one day’s rations, and when night came on, our
men, hungry and cold, stood at their guns, comforted by the
assurance of the commanding general that he could not
relieve them, for he must have troops at this point on whom
he could rely. The next forenoon, having had scarcely
time to taste the scanty rations sent us, we started hastily to
the rear, under the impression that Lee was coming down.
frcm Richmond, and the Star Brigade was wanted to ward
off the impending danger. Owing to such exposure and
fatigue, after suffering from heat and exhaustion at Port
Walthall on the 7th, our sick list began to increase.
At Drewry’s Bluff the hospitals were far to the rear. We
succeeded in getting all the wounded into ambulances, and
were not far behind the commanding general in his retreat.
While the regiment was engaged, a hurried record of the
killed and wounded was made, as fast as the names of the
men and character of their wounds could be learned.
Owing to frequent changes in position, it would often hap-
pen that men of the Twenty-Seventh would be carried to the
hospitals of other regiments in the brigade, as they might
happen to be nearer, while many of other regiments were
cared for in our hospital. After each engagement we
endeavored by every means in our power to revise and
correct our lists, yet in spite of every precaution many
errors were made — errors in names and dates, in location
and character of wounds. Some of these were mistakes in
the original entries, others were errors of transcription by
hospital and other clerks. This will account in great part
for the many errors in the printed records of the casualties of
the war. Even many of the wounded now living will be
found mistaken as to the date of the reception of their
injuries, and whoever undertakes to compile a list of casu-
alties of a veteran regiment, may find that he has killed men
THE HORRORS OF COLD HARBOR. 513
who are still living, wounded some who never received a
scratch, and failed to notice other brave men who gave
their lives or suffered grievous wounds in the service of
their country.
At Cold Harbor, on the night of June Ist, the hospital
department got lost in its vain endeavor to follow the regi-
ment out on picket duty. By the Sth, it had been shelled
out of three places in the rear, and had gone to the very
front for safety. Two men were killed within a few feet of
the first position; shells whistled, screeched and sometimes
burst over the second; while they fell with a_ perfect
abandon of recklessness all about the third. Next to the
sufferings endured by our men in the rebel prisons may be
reckoned the horrors of Cold Harbor. The greater part of
our officers and men were gone, many of whom were our
best loved and most trusted; the little food we could get,
and the water we drank, were tainted with the overpowering
odor of the decomposing bodies of our dead. Our little
band was steadily melting away, until it seemed that inexor-
able fate had doomed our regiment to extinction. Here was
laid the foundation of many lingering diseases that have
done fatal work for our brave boys.
Among the many who fell on this fatal field should be
mentioned the name of Hiram Spooner, of Southampton, one
of our most faithful hospital attendants, who was at this
time with the stretcher corps. On the 2d of June, as he
was bravely endeavoring to carry off Carr of Company D,
one of our wounded comrades, he fell mortally wounded.
At Petersburg, on the 18th of June, we first settled our-
selves behind a low stone wall surrounding a private cemetery,
>
a little to the rear of the ‘* Pace house.” As the brigade had
gained ground in advance of the rest of the line, we could
see the battle raging to our left, and found nothing but our
little wall protecting us. The wounded who were brought
here had to remain till night, as the ground in our rear was
514 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
swept by the enemy’s fire. After this, the hospital was estab-
lished ina deep ditch, about five hundred yards from the front
line of works, and the same from the ravine in the rear, in
-which the brigade rested; and it remained here forty-six
days, or until it was washed out by the flood which swept so
many of our troops down into the Appomattox, there to
drown, or to be shot by the merciless enemy.
Every alternate two days was spent by the brigade at the
front, and as all surgeons in charge of regiments were
ordered to visit their commands every morning, those of us
who obeyed the order were obliged to run the gauntlet of
the enemy’s sharpshooters, who continually covered the
paths from the ravine to the front with their telescopic rifles.
Hardly a day passed but some one was killed or wounded on
these paths. Here several of our own boys fell, and here
the chaplain of the Twelfth New Hampshire, Thomas L.
Ambrose, was mortally wounded while returning from a
visit to hisregiment. He was a genial, kindly man, devoted
to his work, and one we of the hospital had learned to love.
‘¢'To correct the popular fallacy that in time of battle the
post of the medical officer is one of comparative safety,” Dr.
Otis, in his ‘* Surgical History of the War,” states that of the
medical staff of the regular and volunteer forces in the Union
army, nineteen were killed in action, thirteen were killed by
partisan troops or assassinated by guerrillas or rioters, eight
died of wounds received in action, nine died through acci-
dents occurring in line of duty, and seventy-three were
wounded in action, making a total of one hundred and
twenty-two. ‘The mortuary record, he says, is proportion-
ately larger than that of any other staff corps.
The two days’ rest in the ravine was of great service in
saving the strength of the men. The summer proved to be
unusually hot and dry, for which reason, perhaps, we had
little malarial fever, and the season was passed without any
great amount of sickness. Still our numbers were steadily
CONTRIBUTIONS OF POULTRY. 515
growing less and what few remained were worn down by
constant labor and exposure ; so that when September found
us back in North Carolina, at Carolina City, it was with
thankful hearts that the few who were left of the old regi-
ment drew nearer to each other and enjoyed sweet rest and
peace. It was a quiet, pleasant location, and we had many
things to make us contented ; game was plenty in the woods,
io ‘
=>
and crabs, clams, oysters, melons and sweet potatoes were
sasily obtained. Above all, we had that rest we so much
needed, with only the memory of our great losses to mar
our happiness.
While the yellow fever was raging in New Berne we were
in fear that it would invade our regiment, but we had only
one case — that of Egbert B. Strong, of Company G. Here
— >
.
we built a log hospital, in which John H. Parker, one of our
capable hospital attendants, just promoted to hospital stew-
ard, hoped to preside, but when just ready to settle down,
we were assigned to another post. We arrived at Beaufort
in good health and spirits, and remained so the rest of the
year.
On the Hamilton expedition we should have suffered for
want of provisions had we not lived upon the country, in
compliance with orders. By the time we reached Spring
Green Church there had been enough poultry contributed by
the inhabitants to furnish every man of us with a chicken.
The Twenty-Seventh and the Ninth New Jersey hurried off
on their flank march without having time to cook their sup-
per, and the next day our route, as we neared Fort Ham-
ilton, could be traced by the dead fowls that lined the way.
As usual in the spring of the year, fever and ague, rheu-
matism and other diseases increased, so that our sick-list
was large for the number of men we had. After the battle
of South-West Creek, before Capt. Nutting with a few
detailed men joined us, the regiment consisted of the sur-
geon, the hospital attendants, and ¢wo soldiers —~ Wilson of
TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
G, and Bruce of K, both of whom had been captured with
the regiment, but had escaped.
On the 12th of March, Surgeon Fish, having been de-
tailed for the preparation and care of the new division, No.
18, of Foster General Hospital at New Berne, succeeded in
taking with him the thirty men then present with the regi-
ment, as patients, to be employed as attendants in the hos-
pital. This ‘* Division 18” was located on the old Fair
Grounds, oceupying the barracks and a large number of
hospital tents. At times our labors were very severe, hav-
ing at one time thirteen hundred different patients in our
division, while at other times there were few in hospital, and
we had very little to do. Here we remained until the close
of the war.
Tue SIGNAL CORPS.
While in camp at Annapolis, Md., December, 1861, there
were detailed from each regiment comprising the Burnside
<
Expedition, two lieutenants and four enlisted men as a signal
corps for the expedition. Those detailed from the Twenty-
Seventh Mass. Regt. were Lieuts. William F. Barrett,
Greenfield, Company C, and Luther T. Bradley, Lee, Com-
pany E; also Privates S. Parkman Janes, Westhampton,
Company A; Alonzo Murdock, Northfield, Company B;
Henry J. Bardwell, Amherst, Company D; and George H.
Rossiter, Great Barrington, Company E. After-such drill as
the limited time previous to the sailing of the expedition
allowed, the signal corps was assigned by squads to the
headquarters of the command, including brigades and gun-
boats. They rendered efficient service at Roanoke and New
Berne; and especially at the capture of Fort Macon, where
from their stations they directed the fire of our guns or cor-
rected their range when unsatisfactory.
In July, 1862, when Gen'l Burnside was ordered to Vir-
ginia, he was accompanied by most of -the signal corps.
EQUIPMENT AND WORK OF THE SIGNAL CORPS. 517
The detail from the Twenty-Seventh Regt. was fortunate in
being retained with Gen’l Burnside during his connection
with the army of the Potomac and also during the famous
twenty, days siege of Knoxville, Tenn , with its privations
and sanguinary strife. While at that place, Lieut. Barrett
was complimented by Gen’l Burnside for the promptness
with which he opened communication with Colonel Long of
Gen’l Sherman’s army, who was hastening to the relief of
=
—
Knoxville.
The inventor of this system of signalling was Gen’l Albert J. Myer,
later known as ‘‘ Old Probabilities.” He was born at Newburg, N. Y.,
1828: esraduated at Hobart College 1847, and at Buffalo Medical Col-
lege in 1851. He entered the army as an assistant surgeon in 1854,
and while on duty in New Mexico under the exigencies of service,
devised and put into practice this system of communication. In 1860,
upon his forcible presentation of the merits of his system, the posi-
tion of ‘* Signal Officer of the Army” was created, and Surgeon Myer
appointed to fill the office. Upon the opening of hostilities, Major
Alexander, educated to this service, joined the Confederate cause,
necessitating a change in the code of signals, as well as enforcing watch-
fulness on the part of the Ynion signal force to discover their stations
and interpret their messages. Until 1863 the signal corps was composed
of officers and men detailed from volunteer organizations, but at that time
Congress madeit a branch of the regular army, with the grade of engineers,
and its members were commissioned and mustered into this corps with
discharge from their original regiments. Each army corps was furnished
with one captain as chief signal officer, and eight lieutenants, seven
sergeants, twenty first-class and thirty-four second-class privates, mounted
and equipped as cavalry. A ‘signal kit” consisted of staff, flags, torch-
case and torches, half-gallon can of turpentine, and a haversack of wicks,
matches and shears. The flags were made of muslin or linen, white with
black centre for dark backgrounds,—as woods or dark buildings,—
black with white centre, for sky or light buildings, and red with
white centre for use at sea or mixed background. Three sizes
were used, six, four, and two feet square, the four being known as
the service flag. The signal staff consisted of four joints, each four feet
long, and the length used was governed by the distance to be signalled,
usually three joints were sufficient. ‘The flags could be read from five to
twenty miles, as the atmosphere favored, a cloudy but otherwise clear day
best answering the service. On such a day a message was signalled t e
miles with a handkerchief on a twelve-foot pole... The torches for night
work were eighteen inches long by one and a half inches in diameter, and
518 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
when signalling with them a second torch was placed at the feet as an
axis. The duties of the corps when in motion or adjacent to the enemy
were to watch and report their movements from some commanding point
to the central station, or, when the forces were encamped, to form a chain
of observation and repeating stations. These stations were often at a
distance of fifty miles from army headquarters, as when McClellan was
at Pleasant Valley. In the movement of detachments, in co-operation,
the service was invaluable by reporting the advance, position, and experi-
ences of each column. A notable instance of its value was when Gen’l
Sherman signalied from Vining’s Station to Kennesaw, from Kennesaw to
Allatoona over the heads of Hood’s army, instructing Gen’l Corse at Rome
to hasten back to the assistance of the Allatoona garrison, and ‘‘ hold the
fort for lam coming.” Corse fulfilled the order, and somewhat profanely
signalled, after the battle, to Gen’] Sherman, ‘‘ Il am shorta cheek-bone and
an ear, but am able to whip all hell yet!” It was from Gen’l Sherman’s
message to Gen’! Corse the stirring religious refrain was composed by P.
P. Bliss —
‘* Hold the fort, for I am coming.”
99
Doubtless, the perfection of service in ‘‘ repeating” stations was reached
during McClellan’s masterly inactivity, in the line from Washington along
the Potomac to Harper’s Ferry. Upon this line was the famous ‘‘ tree
station,” partially represented in the heliotype, built in the top of a chest-
nut tree sixty feet from the ground. This station was operated by Capts.
F,. R. Shattuck of Boston and W. W. Rowley of Hartford, who, as a sum-
mary of the day’s proceedings, improvised the familiar message, ‘‘ All quiet
on the Potomac.” Stations wishing to communicate with another would
raise their flag (if at night, a torch), the signal officer with field-glass
watching the station called, while the flag, or torch, was swung from right
to left until the station called responded with two dips to the left.
The officer called off the message, while the men signalled it; one
or more dips to the right or left, or a combination of both motions,
indicated a letter of the alphabet or an abbreviation or contraction of a
word or sentence, and each of those motions was designated by a
number. For instance—A was ‘‘ 22,” two dips to the left and
up to the centre; B, ‘* 2112,” one dip to the left, over to the right, up to
centre, down to right, over to left and up to centre; C, ‘‘ 121,” one to right,
over to left, back to right and up to centre. Ends of words, sentences or
messages were indicated by one, two or three dips to the front. The
force became so expert in sending and reading, that a closely written
page of foolscap could be signalled in from twenty to thirty minutes. In
the presence of the enemy, all important messages were signalled in cipher
by the “‘ disc code,” which consisted of two card-board wheels, one smaller
than the other, revolving on a common centre. On the circumference of
the smaller was the alphabet, arranged in irregular sequence, and on the
larger the signal numbers indicating the letters. By moving the small
CHANGES IN THE SYSTEM. 519
disc, only, a number might indicate any letter, to interpret which, it was
necessary that an understanding existed between the officers as to the key
letter and number used. At some stations and fields, where difficult to
find suitable elevations for flag service, telegraph lines were maintained
by the signal corps; the wire being insulated with rubber covering, and
magnetic instruments with ten miles of wire carried on wagons. The
wire could be run out rapidly, and was strung on limbs of trees, or on
light poles carried for the purpose, or, if in haste, laid upon the ground,
and as easily reeled up for removal. Many improvements, suggested by
the experiences of the war, have been made in the signal service, includ-
ing the adoption of the telephone; so that at the time of his death in
1880 Gen’l Myer was better than ever prepared, in the event of war, to
render efficient aid to the government with this branch of the army.
AR CS a ATC
a a ee eee
ene
lalla
520 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
CHAPTER XXVI.
THE TWENTY-SEVENTH MASS. REGIMENTAL ASSOCIATION.
NOVEMBER 2, 1872, the surviving members of the regi-
ment met at the town hall at Northampton, and organized
the Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regimental Association, in which
any honorably discharged member of the regiment may
unite, its object being ‘‘ to sustain the relations cultivated
amidst scenes of mutual sufferings and dangers, to keep
alive the memory of the fallen, as well as to record in some
tangible form the history and services of the regiment.”
Under this organization, reunions have been held each
year, and efforts have been made to revive and collect its
records. For years Rev. C. L. Woodworth, its former
chaplain, was elected its historian — a gentleman every way
fitted for the work by education, experience and sympathy
—and it is sincerely to be regretted that he reported in
1879: ‘* My time and attention is so fully occupied I have
no reason to think I shall be able to serve you in this capac-
ity.” Comrade Lafayette Clapp succeeded him, and un-
fortunately for us, he, too, was unable to accomplish the
work. As a last resort the work was assumed by the
writer, with no idea of special fitness, but with the feeling
that a regiment which holds the palm in marks of service
and suffering over any other regiment which left our State,
was entitled to that record. This record is offered to our
readers, not in a spirit of invidious comparison with other
regiments, but simply in that of the proverb, ‘* Honor to
DISCOVERY OF THE LOST BANNERS. 521
;
whom honor is due.” ‘That we bore the heaviest loss from
our State is not urged as proof of valor above that of our
comrades-in-arms, but as proof that the Twenty-Seventh
Mass. Regt. shrank from no sacrifice to attest its sincere de-
votion to the State and Union.
The Twenty-Seventh Mass. Regt. Association has made
persistent effort to secure the name and residence of every
surviving member. They report on their rolls to-day four
hundred and twenty-seven members, and it is considered
possible that the sufviving members of the organization,
which included fifteen hundred and fifty-seven men during
the war, may to-day number five hundred men. It is a
sad commentary on the ravages of time; for if this be true
and a fair basis from which to reckon, then, of that grand
army of two millions and more of loyal men who rushed to
their country’s defence, one and a half millions have received
a final muster from the strifes of earth, and reported above.
Statistics corroborate these facts, and in another decade, the
veteran will be but ‘a reserve” waiting to jein the command
beyond.
In May, 1880, Comrade Charles C. Loud of Northamp-
ton, while temporarily at Washington, D. C., discovered the
flags wrested from us at Drewry’s Bluff, and upon reporting
it to the association, its president, Luke Lyman, Ksq., of
Northampton, and its treasurer, W. P. Derby of Springfield,
were appointed a committee to regain possession of them.
This committee placed the matter in the care of Hon. George
D. Robinson, member of Congress from the Twelfth District,
with the circumstances connected with their loss, and a
month later, received notice through him of the willingness
of the War Department to return the same. ‘They were re-
ceived by Gen’l H. C. Lee about Jan. 1, 1881, when a call
was made for a rally to receive our colors at the Opera
House, Springfield, Feb. 22, 1881. It being through the
success of our arms this occasion was possible, KE. K. Wil-
522 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
cox Post 16, Grand Army of the Republic, was invited to
join with us, and heartily united in the festivities of the day.
The following notices of the press are gratefully re-
corded : —
[Republican Notice, Feb. 22, ’81. |
THE DEAR OLD FLAGS.—HOW THE TWENTY-SEVENTH WILL WELCOME
THEM. — THE WAY THEY WERE LOST, AND THE LIVES IT COST TO
CAPTURE THEM.
It is nearly twenty years since Col. H. C, Leg led a band of nine hundred
and eighty gallant men, known as the Twenty-Seventh Regiment Massa-
chusetts Volunteers, through the streets of Springfield, on their way to
that unknown locality, fraught with so many dark forebodings, ‘‘ the
front.” The men, women and children of the city and Western Massa-
chusetts, who saw that march from Camp Reed on the Sixteen Acres
road to the depot that November Saturday afternoon, have by no means
forgotten it, or the subsequent history of the regiment. But there are
very many of our citizens to-day who need an explanation of the pageant
which we are to witness in connection with the return of the battle-flags
of the Twenty-Seventh Regiment to Springfield, and their lodgement for
safe-keeping in the city library. And this explanation must necessarily
include an outline gf the regimental history.
The tattered flags on which the Music Hall curtain will rise at 12.30 to-
day, once comprised three stands of colors, one national and two state,
two of which, a national and a state flag, were the original colors which
the regiment carried to the war, and were provided by the Commonwealth.
The other banner, bearing the Massachusetts coat of arms on a silk fab-
ric, was presented by the women of Springfield in the early summer of
1862, as a mark of their appreciation of the meritorious services rendered
by the regiment in the North Carolina spring campaign, as a part of the
Burnside Expedition. All of these colors were captured by the enemy at
Drewry’s Bluff, Va., on the James River, ten miles below Richmond, on the
morning of May 16, 1864, when nine officers and two hundred and thirty-
eight men were captured and taken to Richmond, many officers and men
being killed or wounded. The regimental organization remained intact,
however, till the very end of the war, and another set of flags were issued
to it, and were duly returned to the state house on battle-flag day in 1865.
The original banners were torn from their staffs by the enemy, folded up
andlaid away among the Confederate archives at Richmond, and eventu-
ally came into the possession of the national government with all the
other official belongings of the ‘‘ lost cause.” They were placed in the
government building at Washington devoted to the relics of the war, and
two of them were casually discovered there last spring by a Northamp-
THE JUBILEE OF THE REGIMENT. 523
‘
ton member of the regiment. Successful application was made for all
three through Congressman Robinson, who had some trouble in finding
the ‘‘ ladies’ flag,” and who deserves much credit for his efforts in behalf
of the regiment. Although they are to be deposited in the city library it
is with the proviso that they are to remain the property of the regimental
association until that becomes extinct, after which they will belong to
the city.
| Republican Notice, Feb. 23, ’81. ]
THE JUBILEE OF THE TWENTY-SEVENTH. — HOW THE REGIMENT REJOICED,
AND WHAT WAS SAID AND DONE YESTERDAY.
The business meeting of the regimental association was held at the hall
in the morning, presided over by Col. Lyman, and was well attended.
The following is the text of the resolutions of thanks to Congressman Rob-
inson : —
Resolved, That we, the surviving members of the Twenty-Seventh Massachusetts
Volunteer Regiment of Infantry, are by the kindness, courtesy and service of Hon.
George D. Robinson, member of Congress for the Twelfth District placed under
lasting obligations to him for his successful endeavor to recover for and return to us
the colors wrested from us at Drewry’s Bluff, May 16, 1564.
Resolved, That we tender to him a soldier’s grateful thanks for his disinterested
favor thus shown.
Resolved, That we tender him, as a partial estimation of his services, an election
as an honorary member of the Twenty-Seventh Massachusetts Regiment Associa-
tion.
The stipulations under which the flags are held are carefully drawn,
being as follows: —
The surviving members of the Twenty-Seventh Massachusetts Volunteer Regi-
ment of Infantry in reunion assembled this 22d day of February, 1881, have voted
as follows: That we deposit the battle-flags of this regiment with the city library of
Springfield for safe-keeping, with the understanding that when, from any cause, the
Twenty-Seventh Massachusetts Regiment Association shall cease to exist, they
shall become the sole and only property of the city of Springfield, to be preserved
by them in remembrance of the services and sacrifices of this regiment in defence of
the nation.
Srctr. 1. Resolved, That these flags are deposited with the city library with the
full and distinct understanding and agreement that these colors shall not be removed
or used by any one except as hereinafter provided.
Sect. 2. Resolved, That at the annual reunions of the regimental association,
the United States flag may be removed, by the color-bearer of the association filing
with said library his certificate of election to that office, properly signed by the pres-
ident and secretary of the association, with also a notice of said reunion, stating
both the time and place of said meeting.
Sect. 3. Resolved, That for all other occasions said city library or its chief
librarian alone shall be authorized to allow the removal of any or all said flags upon
524 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
the filing of a written application of the Twenty-Seventh Regiment Association ap-
proved by the president and secretary of the organization, and also of Gen'l By ee
Lee, if in the judgment of said city library such approval could reasonably be
obtained.
Srct. 4. Resolved, That upon application for the removal of any or all such flags
as hereinbefore provided, it shall be the duty of said library to require a receipt
from said applicant conforming to a prescribed formula.
Sect. 5. Resolved, That whenever requisition’ for these flags shall be made
previous to the day mentioned in the call for the reunion, as filed with said library,
unless such request is approved by the president of the association on the certifi-
cate of office, it shall be the duty of said library to refuse to honor said application
until the appointed day.
The election as an honorary member of our association
was accepted by Congressman: Robinson. Hon. H. G.
Knight has also been elected to honorary membership for
distinguished favors during and since the war.
[Republican Notice, Feb. 23, ’81.]
The battle-flags of the Twenty-Seventh rest in the city library, along
with the tattered banners of the Tenth. They were welcomed back to
Springfield right royally yesterday, after twenty years of absence; wel-
comed with martial music, heartfelt eulogy and an enthusiasm such as
only a soldier knows when his eye lights once more on the flag from
which he has been separated. There was little of spectacular interest in
the scene at Music Hall, in the street parade where the only uniforms
were those of the musicians, in the gathering for dinner at the hotel. But
there was a deep and lasting sentiment pervading the whole. ‘‘ Spring-
field,” said Major Brewster, ‘‘ will be the better for this day; better men
$9
will live here because of it. The previously arranged programme was
carried out in its entirety. The Grand Army Post escorted the invited
guests from the Massasoit House to Music Hall a little after noon, where
the regiment were already assembled, together with a good audience of
men, women and children. The invited guests and Colt’s Band were
placed on the stage, behind the curtain. The guests included Mayor
Haile, Rev. Washington Gladden, chaplain of the day, and various offi-
cers of other regiments residing in this city and other parts of the
State.
The curtain rose as the first notes of ‘‘The Star-Spangled Banner”
came from the band. Lieut. Col. Lyman cried, ‘‘Up, comrades, up?”
and the regiment sprang to their feet with a three times three which
probably contained more volume than anything those walls have ever
echoed. Color-Bearer Gage stood in the centre of the stage-front proudly
waving the ‘‘ ladies’ flag” of blue, supported on his left by Comrade Man-
SPRINGFIELD REPUBLICAN NOTICE. dL
ning, who was with him at Drewry’s Bluff, bearing the white state flag,
and on the right by Comrade Place, with the national flag. The latter is
tolerably well preserved, but the others are badly rent, the ‘‘heart”’ of
the blue flag being almost wholly gone. After the first cheering was over
there was a moment of silence, and then the shouts burst out again and
were swelled to a louder key when Col. Lee stepped to the front. Indeed,
the cries were so vigorous that the colonel said, ‘‘ Not too much of that,
boys, or I shan’t be able to say anything.” Quiet being restored, he said
that it gave him great pleasure to introduce to them some old friends
whom they seemed to recognize very well after a long absence from them.
They were never surrendered, but were taken away by a force which it
was impossible to resist, and they are welcomed back with such feelings
as only old soldiers can understand. After Gen’l Lee’s remarks the band
struck up a medley of familiar airs, beginning with the reveille. When they
came to ‘‘Marching through Georgia” the soldiers joined in the chorus,
and they sang ‘‘The Battle-Cry of Freedom” on their feet. Gen'l Lee
said that he was very sorry to have to announce that Gen’l Heckman
could not be present, regretting that the return of an old disease, con-
tracted at Libby, prevented his coming.
The address of Chaplain C. L. Woodworth, which followed Mr. Glad-
den’s prayer, was about half an hour long, and received the earnest atten-
tion which it merited. He told how carefully he watched those colors
from the time they first left this city, through many varying battles, hold-
ing them next in honor to the cross of the Saviour. ‘‘ Those years that I
spent with you in the army,” said he, ‘‘ made up an intense point in my life.
The tendencies toward right thought and action were the strongest then.
Somehow, although I have tried to do my duty as it fell to me, the years
since then have seemed tame. What tides of memory come floating back
on us to-day! Memories of our gallant comrades who never came back,
who in their death became the seed of a better history for this republic.
These banners mean much more than when we bore them hence. The
flag is richer, for it is the flag of humanity. We have melted the chains
of the slave. We have made free the men who nursed our sick, buried
our dead, helped us to escape from prison. Beneath that flag human
nature is ever secure. Nations are glorified by suffering, by a baptism of
blood. Neither is there glory to the individual except through suffering.”
At this point the speaker reminded his audience that the ‘‘ Mayflower”
and the Dutch brig bearing a cargo of slaves came to this country the
same year, and that for nearly two and a half centuries the good and the
bad seed then sown was allowed to bear its legitimate fruit side by side.
‘‘To what better end could we have spent seven or eight billions of money
and laid in the grave three hundred and fifty thousand of our best young
men than the breaking of the shackles of the slave? We builded better
than we knew. But was it worth the cost? Yea, verily, for before we
were out of harmony with the law of the universe. We gained person-
526 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
ally by the war. Would any one of you surrender the memories of those
years for any millions that could be offered you? I tell you no! The
republic is richer. If those memories could be wholly blotted out and her
battle-flags burned, how irretrievable the loss! Year by year we are
taking to ourselves five hundred thousand people from the old world.
We are the star of hope to humanity. The cost of a redeemed country is
none too great. If we do not see the full and adequate reward of our sac-
rifices now, we shall hereafter.”
The exercises at the hall were all over in an hour, and then there was a
parade to the library. First came the Hutchins drum band, then the
Grand Army, eighty men, Colt’s Band, Col. Lee and invited guests, and
finally the regiment, some two hundred and fifty men, under the command of
Col. Lyman. Mayor Haile stood at the head of the first tier of the library
steps, and after the regiment had faced him, the color-bearers carried the
flags up the steps, and Col. Lyman in a few brief words handed them over
to the mayor, with a copy of the stipulations under which the city are to
hold them, imploring him to see that they are well preserved, because the
the men before him ‘‘ dearly loved those tattered rags.” ‘The mayor as-
sured him that they would be carefully and tenderly cherished by the city,
with other historical archives, ‘‘ as a memorial to our children and our chil-
dren’s children, long after we have passed away, of the valor and patriot-
ism of the regiment.”
We collate the following from a generous two-column
notice of the ‘* Springfield Union,” Feb. 22, 1881: —
The gallant old Twenty-Seventh Regiment enjoyed in a measure some
recompense for its valuable services when the country was in peril, by
gathering at Music Hall in this city and receiving again the national
and state flags which were wrested from them at Drewry’s Bluff under a
terrible fire, and virtually at the point of the bayonet.
The day was all that could be desired, the air crisp and bracing, the
sun just warm enough to temper the northern breezes, and the sky as
clear as a bell. Early in the morning the stars and stripes began to
appear upon the roofs of the public buildings and business blocks, and
by 10 o’clock a score or more of flags were displayed from the Main Street
buildings. D. H. Brigham & Co. exhibited a handsome store front, pro-
fusely decorated with flags and shields. Across Main Street from the
post-office building a large flag was suspended.
The gathering was one of pleasure, indeed, and the eyes of scores of
men looked again upon the flags for the first time since on that eventful
day, amid the smoke and rush of battle, the flags were torn from their
grasp and disappeared from their view, to be placed among other trophies
in the treasury building at Richmond. All of the men who fought under
NEW ENGLAND HOMESTEAD NOTICE. 527
the flags that day were not present at to-day’s joyful gathering. Many
closed their eyes in death on the field or died in rebel prisons. There
was not one of the brave men who sat in the hall and gazed at the torn
and tattered colors whose eyes did not fill at the remembrance of com-
rades, tried and true as steel, who lie buried under Southern skies.
At 12.40 the bell struck, and as the curtain passed upward and out of
sight of the veterans, there upon the stage stood Color-bearers Gage,
Place and Manning, with their colors in their hands. The men rose to
their feet with one accord, and cheer upon cheer burst from every throat,
the band adding to the general enthusiasm by the Star Spangled Banner.
After a time quiet was restored, and Gen’l H. C. Lee, with much emotion,
addressed the regiment briefly, saying that he had the pleasure of pre-
senting some old friends which every one seemed to recognize. Years
ago, in the camp on the hill in this city, the colors were presented, and the
regiment promised to cherish and protect them. These colors were not
surrendered, but were wrested from the bearers by sheer force and under
circumstances which no one could control. It is gratifying to know that
two of the flags are now in the hands of the men from whom they were
taken. While the colors are not as beantiful as when they were first pre-
sented, they are more sacred to the members of the Twenty-Seventh
Regiment. The General closed his remarks amidst vociferous cheers.
[ Homestead, Feb. 26, 81. ]
THE GALLANT TWENTY-SEVENTH. — RESTORING THE OLD BANNERS. —
SOME OF THE LETTERS FROM ABSENT COMRADES.
It was a faultless day which ‘ old Prob” furnished to welcome, on
Tuesday, the veterans of the gallant old Twenty-Seventh Regiment; and
though our staid city repressed its old-time emotion, the sun came out
with a most expressive smile, and nature, like a modest maiden welcom-
ing her guests, donned a clean ‘‘ bib and tucker” in the shape of a gauzy
robe of snow. It was a day of days to ‘‘ the boys” as they gathered from
far and near to welcome home again those dear old flags, consecrated by
the lives of nearly four hundred comrades who had fallen whilst in
active service.
It would have amply rewarded any one to have seen the constantly
increasing crowd before and within Music Hall exchanging greetings
from nine A. M. till nearly one Pp. M., until at the appointed time, nearly two
hundred and fifty stood before the curtain, waiting for it to rise that their
eyes once more might rest on those friends of yore.
When the curtain rose, they too arose, and with three times three made
that house ring with their glad voices, tears streaming down many a manly
face whose forms were now crowned by hoary heads and marks of declin-
ing years. Gen’l Lee came forward to address them, and this but excited
more uproarious enthusiasm, until he was obliged to say, ‘‘ Boys, if you
528 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
don’t stop this, I shan’t be able to say anything,” and it did require a very
perceptible effort for him to restrain the deep feelings which moved him,
as those colors and familiar faces brought to mind the eventful days of
service.
Chaplain Woodworth proved himself as much at home as when in the
tented field he daily surprised the men in their games of whist by his
whole-hearted ‘‘ Good morning, boys! how are you to-day?” With fitly
chosen, though unwritten words, for over half an hour he held his audience
to the end.
‘‘ There’s something out of kilter to-day,” said the boys, as they formed
in line on Pynchon Street, ‘‘it always rains when the Twenty-Seventh
moves.” The slosh which ‘‘ old Sol” had made of nature’s morning gown
was nothing compared with North Carolina and Virginia mud. Escorted
by the gallant veterans of our own homes, E. K. Wilcox Post, G. A. R.,
led by Hutchins’ drum corps, they marched to the city library and for-
mally turned over to Mayor Haile those tattered banners, with the request
that the city would cherish and preserve them, and right loyally our mayor
promised fealty to the trust.
The veterans then repaired to the Haynes Hotel. When the feast was
concluded, Secretary W. P. Derby of Springfield read the following letters
of regret: —
From Hon. GeorGe D. Ropinson, MEMBER OF CONGRESS.
The pressure of official duties during the closing days of the present session com-
pels me to deny myself the pleasure of attending the reunion of the veterans of the
Twenty-Seventh Regiment on the 22d inst., but I beg you to receive from me, and
to express to all your comrades, my grateful appreciation of the honor of your invi-
tation. The old colors, emblematic of the State and the nation, are again in the
hands of those who bore them to the bloody fields of battle, in the defence of Amer-
ican civilization and liberty. Shot-pierced and storm-rent, they speak a language
beyond the power of words to express. They tell of fatigue, of perils, of death.
They bring before you again the forms and faces of those, once your comrades,
whose dying eyes closed in a last look at these sacred emblems. They recall the
thriJling appeal to heroism and the gladdening cheer of victory. They kindle anon
und more intensely the fire of loyalty in every patriot heart. To none can
these tattered and blood-stained relics be better entrusted than to those who never
permitted them to go down in dishonor, whose valor and devotion contributed to
the greatest achievements in American history. Accept for yourself and for those
who meet with you my warmest greeting.
From Gen’. C. A. HECKMAN OF PHILLIPSBURG, N. J.
To look upon your recovered treasures, and mingle with the bold and true who
so gallantly and successfully defended them on many hard contested fields, would
indeed afford me great pleasure. But I am, unfortunately, in the condition of the
fellow who looked longingly upon the luscious fruit, but could not reach it. I have
been confined to the house since October last (my old disease contracted while so-
LONGING TO BE WITH US. 529
journing at the Hotel de Libby), and perforce will have to forego the pleasure it
would give. But I will think of you all, as in great joy you once again rally round
your colors, covered with marks of heroism. Remember me to the boys.
From GEn’t J. L. OrTts or NorTHAMPTON.
If I am not there, say the very best things you can think of to the boys in my be-
half, and then you won’t half represent the warm sympathy which I, in common
with the whole Tenth Conn. Regiment, feel towards them. Accept my best wishes,
that you may have just as good a time as you deserve —and you can’t possibly have
anything better.
From Cou. A. B. R. SPRAGUE, OF WORCESTER, TWENTY-FiIFTH Mass. Req’
; ; v -
The friendships formed on the tented field in the day of our nation’s peril are
lasting. I deeply regret that I cannot embrace the opportunity offered to meet old
friends and revive old memories so dear to comrades who marched under the old
flag and fought in the cause of God and humanity. I recall the fact that I was a
field officer in the same brigade with the Twenty-Seventh when they first met the
enemy at Roanoke Island, in the spring of 1862; and, after serving in different
fields for more than two years, we met in the field in the same division before Kins-
ton in their last engagement with the enemy, in the spring of 1865.
From Cou. PICKETT, OF WORCESTER, TWENTY-FIFTH Mass. Reet.
I expect you will have a grand good time —and you ought to — over the recov-
ery of your standard. That was a dirty morning when we were thrown uselessly
into the lion’s jaws and left to our fate; for, properly supported, we should have
whipped those rebel gentlemen out of their boots, and the trouble would have been
on the other side.
From Capt. J. L. SKINNER, OF SACRAMENTO, CAL.
Comrades of the Twenty-Seventh: Altbough there is a continent between us, and
I cannot be present with you in the body on this “ jubilee’’ occasion, I shall be
present with you in spirit. I shall think of nothing else “from early morn till
dewy eve”; and that I may the more effectually shut out all intruding thoughts I
shall confine myself on this day to regular rations of hard-tack and coffee. So,
while this letter is being read, you can all think of me in my pleasant home in the
‘city of the plains” in the wonderful “ golden State,” engaged in the aforesaid occu-
pation of partaking of hard-tack and coffee, with my thoughts far away with my
former comrades-in-arms in the city of Springfield, in the old * Bay State.”
Comrades, I love you all, and only regret my inability to be with you. Allow me
in closing to present this sentiment : —
THE TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT MASSACHUSETTS YVOLUNTEERS:— When none are
left to have a reunion on this side the river, may we have a reunion on the other side, in
the land where time and space are annihilated; and miay every comrade of the Twenty-
Seventh be present at roll-call,
530 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
From Liect. E. M. Jittson, oF MiIppLETOWN, O.
Be kind enough to express to my old comrades my heartfelt gratitude that the old
colors are where they were first received by the regiment and intrusted to their
keeping nearly twenty yearsago. The ladies of Springfield must feel gratified that
their banner is with the old guard again. Unable to be with you in the flesh, I am
with you in spirit; and may the day be one never to be forgotten by those whose
sacrifices are shown in its tattered folds.
From Lieut. E. L. Peck, oF WESTFIELD.
I regret that I cannot rally with the old Twenty-Seventh boys around our colors
on the 22d. I have a renewed interest in them now, as | visited the battle-field of
Drewry’s Bluff on the 10th of November last and fought the battle over again in
memory, standing on the same ground where we stood that morning of May 16th,
and where marks of the graves of our fallen are still to be seen. I formed the
acquaintance of Lieut. Elliott, Eleventh Virginia Infantry, Kempev’s Brigade, which
formed a part of the column that charged our front. Together we reviewed the
battle, he testifying strongly to the stubborn resistance of Heckman’s Brigade against
the successive charges made by his division on our line, and to the terrible effect of
our fire on the ranks of the brave Virginians in our front. I tried to trace the
route taken by the few of us who were fortunate enough to escape capture that
morning; but I doubt if any of the party, who skedaddled so neatly through that
swamp, took pains to notice any landmarks. We were endeavoring to “ preserve
the Twenty-Seventh,” and each man did his utmost to preserve his individual part
of it!
Please say to the boys that my heart is with them on this occasion, and always.
I trust our friendship for each other may grow stronger until there is nothing left
of the Twenty-Seventh but the Old Flag.
After the letters had been read, Col. Shurtleff, of the Forty-Sixth, was
called to speak. He pointed out the fact that the Drewry’s Bluff struggle
was agallant one on both sides, and remarked that the hearts of the
soldiers on both sides reach out toward each other to-day, and those of
the whole American people beat as one, if politicians and demagogues will
only let them alone. And they are coming to repudiate any interference
that keeps them apart. These sentiments were vigorously applauded.
Col. Shurtleff spoke very pleasantly of his association with the Twenty-
Seventh in North Carolina. Rev. Washington Gladden spoke of the death
of a brother at the battle of Cold Harbor, and of the blessed heritage the
sacrifice of that life is proving to him and his children. Capt. Dwight
spoke very feelingly, and received great applause. He said that the
soldiers of the war secured for themselves a grander monument than was
ever cut in marble —the United States of America. He was glad that
since 1865 each president elected had been a veteran soldier. He would
rather trust the cqguntry in the hands of the soldier than the politician.
He made a touching allusion to the recent death of Adjt. J. W. Holmes,
and mentioned the fact that the first use made of the recovered national
flag was to place it as a drapery about his coffin.
FRATERNAL GREETINGS.
Loud cries for ‘‘Col. Luke” failed to bring any response from Col.
Lyman except that he said he was ready to do any work for the Twenty-
Seventh, but was not a talker and would not make a fool of himself that
way. Color-Bearer Gage spoke briefly, saying that he had given up his
flag to the mayor with much greater pleasure than when he gave it up on
a previous occasion. He was still ready to do a soldier’s duty, but he had
learned that an enlisted man was expected to work and not to talk. Col.
Whelden of Pittsfield testified that the Twenty-Seventh was the best regi-
ment for provost duty he ever knew, and that when he was marshal of
Norfolk seventeen men and a sergeant from that regiment kept a popula-
tion of forty thousand as quiet as any New England city. Commander
Smith spoke for Wilcox Post, J. W. Hersey for the ‘Tenth Mass., Maj. H.
M. Brewster for the Fifty-Seventh New York and Judge Wells for the
Forty-Sixth.
A regiment with such associations cannot, in loyalty to
itself and to its martyred dead, be otherwise than patriotic
and law-abiding citizens.
RAPES DAR FEN
TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT
“They live, the fallen live, though ages fly;
God made the right eternal, its defenders never die.’
+ Opes 33 4 gag Pe 6 Pare
NOTE.
Our Government has taken up the bodies of the Union soldiers and buried them
in National cemeteries, convenient to the place of their original burial. Comrades
buried in North Carolina have been removed to New Berne; hence, numbers
against the names of those who died in that State refer to the New Berne National
Cemetery. Where no numbers appear, it will be understood that at the time of the
removal, the bodies could not be identified. In other States, where bodies have
been removed, the cemetery in which they have been buried, if known, is noted.
The dates of death are those upon the headstones at the graves, and of our Hospital
Record, and if differing from the Adjutant-General’s record, it is stated under
“Remarks.” Upon some of the headstones the inscriptions are in error, while
upon others the name is incomplete. Such facts are noted opposite the name, 7. e.,
Insc. H—— S——., or Insc. —— Howard.
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TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Causes of Deaths.
| ;
| As Prison- From | Killed.
Disease. ers. Wounds.
Field and Staff,
Line,
Company A,
“: B,
C,
ROSTER
OF THE
T'WENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS VOLUNTER
INFANTRY REGIMENT,
1861-1865.
We regret to be obliged to differ from the records of the Massachu-
setis Adjutant General's Office, but in justice to the friends of the regi-
ment we cannot adopt errors which exist in that record. We note one
hundred and sixty-one errors in the official record of our men ; one ofa
man reported dead who is still living; some of men who died in the
service who were reported discharged; many deaths and discharges
reported upon wrong dates, and a great many names incorrectly given.
All variations from the Adjutant General’s Records will be found in
italics. In some instances the spelling of the names found in the body
of the book will under later information be found to differ slightly in
the roster. It is believed the names as given herein are correct.
To give as much information as possible in this roster, we hare
adopted the following abbreviations and signs: —
promoted. + Wounded.
resigned. || ‘Taken prisoner.
discharged. ) Brevet Commission.
Kd, killed. ; Discharged by reason of expira-
W’ds, wounds. tion of term of enlistment.
Dis., disability. O. W D., Order War Department.
Trans., transferred. Ket’d Pris., returned prisoner.
Hosp., hospital. V.R.C., Veteran Reserve Corps.
D’d., died. [talics, not like Adjt.-Gen. Report.
* Re- enlisted.
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602 TWENTY-SEVENTH MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT.
Record of Officers.
|
|
|
|
of
service. |
for promo-
exp.
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Discharged
Transferred.
ut
fur disability.
Discharged
Dismissed.
Deaths in
| Mustered out
service
{Whole num-
Field and Staff,
Line,
Address, Mayor Alexander, 222, 371.
Address, Ex-mayor Bemis, 372.
Andrew, Gov. John A., 6, 7, 15, 18, 25, 203.
Annapolis, Md., 24, 477.
Andersonville, Ga., 377 to 407.
Army of the James, 245 to 293.
Army of the Potomac; 294 to 327.
Arrowfield Church, 258 to 263.
Attacks, on Bachelor’s Creek, N. C., 104, 141, 164, 199, 232; New Berne, N. C., 141,
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166, 233, 242; Plymouth, N. C, 144, 235; Washington, N. C., 123,
Brigade, 153.
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War Dept.
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Company A, Bachelor’s Creek, 100, 105, 107, 120, 161, 189, 200, 436, 459.
se B ‘ | : : ) | ‘ 38 Band, 10, 42, 46, 121.
, | | | | Bailey, Capt. P. S., 14, 17, 119, 269, 271, 292, 345, 354, 490.
> eee ) | : Bartlett, Capt. Geo. W., 12, 114, 204, 354, 485.
| ) | ) ) ' Bartholomew, Col. W. G., 8, 14, 17, 40, 59, 99, 204, 224, 227, 260, 368, 375, 414, 44°,
D, | | | 461, 462, 464, 474, 480.
aS | | 46 | eae oo 36 Battles, Roanoke Is., 60; New Berne, 80; Camden, 105; Kinston, 148; Whitehall,
| | | | 150; Goldsboro, 151; Plymouth, 235; Walthall Junction, 252; do the 7th, 255:
ee ) ' ) ) ) ; Arrowfield Ch., 258; Drewry’s Bluff, 271; Cold Harbor, June 2, 299; Cold Har-
"ae | | | eb eae D5 ‘ bor, June 3, 301; Petersburg, June 15, 330; Assault on Petersburg, June 18,
) ) | 336; Mine, 360; South-West Creek, 458.
Belger, Capt. and Battery, 26, 36, 148, 153, 154, 218, 278, 410.
Beaufort, 100, 127, 435, 445, 453.
Burnside, Gen’! A. E., 24, 25, 27, 39, 49, 52, 79, 92, 96, 99, 113, 115, 116, 145, 360, 362.
Burnside’s Expedition, 44.
Non-Com. Staff, | | | | | Butler, Gen’! B. F., 219, 252, 263, 267, 287, 291, 446, 455.
Band,
| Camp, Asst. Surg. Sam’l, 41, 102, 499, 503, 505.
298 | 563 | 378 || 1,52: | Camps, Reed, 8, 18, 19; Springfield, 24, 41, 42; Warner, 99.
| | Calhoun, Capt. E. R., 45, 130.
Carolina City, 485, 448, 515.
Caswell, Capt. A. W., 17, 194, 300, 354, 488.
Casualties, 67, 87, 156, 174, 187, 255, 256, 262, 278, 300, 310, 333, 340
447, 460.
604 INDEX.
Character of our regiment, 11, 493.
Clark, Capt. E. C., 17, 25, 80, 100.
Cooley, Capt. Horace K., 14, 17, 42, 125, 141, 487.
Cold Harbor, 294 to 327, 513.
Colors, 14, 274, 521, 522.
Commissions, Sanitary, Christian, 325.
Davis, Lieut. W. G., 425, 427, 457, 471, 476, 492.
Deaths in Rebel Prisons, 396.
Dennison, Maj. Ami R., 17, 55, 189, 509.
Departure of troops, 116, 161, 208, 219.
Dept. of N. C., 111, 116, 127, 212, 232, 435, 456.
Destruction of the Albemarle, 442.
Dover X Roads, 193, 445.
Drewry’s Bluff, 267, 335, 477, 512.
Dwight, Capt. Henry C., 40, 101, 183, 196, 220, 253, 489.
Edenton, 133.
Effective strength of regiment, 19, 229, 283, 318, 353, 355, 369, 453, 457, 462, 515.
Enemy’s forces, 57, 81, 137, 157, 169, 198, 258, 261; sketch, 287.
Engagements at Butler’s Bridge, 448; Bake House Creek, 292; Core Creek, 112, 120,
127; Dover X Roads, 189; Foster’s Mills, 447; Gum Swamp, 193; Gardner’s
Bridge, 447; Rhall’s Mills, 137; Rainbow Bluff, 446; Rocky Hoc Creek, 187.
Escape of Nutting and others, 425.
Escape of O’Connell and others, 431.
Expeditions to Blackwater, 230; Goldsboro, 145; Kenansville and Warsaw, 211;
Rainbow Bluff, 446; Rocky Mount, 211; Tarboro, 135; Trenton, 118.
Execution of Deserters, 437.
Frankle, Gen’! Jones, 446, 450, 451.
Flusser, Com. Chas. H., 45, 130, 188, 236.
Fair Grounds, N. C., 86, 99, 208, 516.
Fish, Surg. D. B. N., 191, 258, 309, 320, 322, 354, 364, 473, 478, 486, 515.
Fifth R. I. Regt., 26, 44, 181, 478,
Flag of Truce, 121, 170, 214, 2638, 321.
Foraging, 69, 109, 138, 158, 443, 448.
Forty-fourth Mass., 134, 137, 167, 168, 183, 204, 208.
Forty-sixth Mass., 135, 145, 146, 147, 151, 153, 154, 156, 187, 189, 193, 195, 197, 199,
208.
Fort Fisher, 446, 455.
Foster, Gen’l J. G., 25, 29, 51, 79, 96, 106, 125, 139, 155, 159, 161, 167, 170, 174, 175,
181, 182, 212, 218, 219, 415.
Foster, Mrs. Gen’l J. G., 33, 192.
Foster’s Brigade, 25, 218.
Fowler, Lieut. J. H., 17, 40, 337, 499.
Fuller, Capt. G. A., 10, 17, 100, 488.
Fuller, Steward G. E., 498, 499, 503, 506, 509, 510.
INDEX.
Goldsboro, 458, 465, 475.
Grand Review, 39, 113.
Guerrilla, Bark, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50.
Gum Swamp, 459.
Gunboats, 45; Ceres, 45, 174,184; Commodore Perry, 45, 130, 137; Commodore Hull,
169, 171, 172, 178, 175, 178, 181, 184; Hunchback , 45, 130, 137, 166, 179; Louisiana,
45, 169, 172, 178, 179, 180; Whitehead, 45, 166, 236.
Hamilton, 138, 139, 448.
Hatteras Inlet, 47, 54, 77.
Havelock Station, 125.
Heckman, Gen’! C. A., 34, 159, 211, 230, 245, 252, 253, 259, 261, 263, 265, 276, 277, 364,
414,
Holmes, Adjt. J. W., 462, 465, 472, 473, 479, 480.
Hospitals, 11, 14, 41, 102, 128, 206, 495.
Hubbard, Capt. H. A., 17, 72.
Hubon, Asst. Surg. P. E., 505, 506.
Hunt, Asst. Surg. F. L., 141, 506.
Hunt, Lieut. W. C., 14, 17, 42, 108, 169, 174, 178, 197, 204, 234, 243. 354.
Incidents, 69, 93, 108, 121, 157, 167, 176, 185, 199, 200, 205, 216, 342, 443, 448, 471, 476.
Imprisoned men, 377 to 424, 475 to 477.
Jamesville, 452.
Jillson, Lieut. E. M., 340, 341, 354, 529.
Julian’s Creek, 228, 510.
Kinston, 104, 148, 156, 458, 465, 474, 475.
Knight, Hon. H. G., 9, 524.
Lee, Gen’l H. C., 7, 9, 15, 34, 71, 100, 117, 118, 154, 159, 210, 227, 262, 272, 291, 368,
374, 409, 414, 525.
Letters from Gov. Andrew, 15, 203; Gen’] Butler, 285, 286; Gen’l Heckman, 290;
Gen’ls Pickett and Lee, 291; Locher, 277; Surg. Otis, 497, 502; Rebel, 299; Gen’!
Smith, 288; Gen’l Weitzel, 289, 290.
Lyman, Gen’! Luke, 8, 14, 15, 47, 61, 103, 117, 125, 129, 154, 172, 194, 195, 202, 497
500.
Lyman, Capt. Justus, 424, 425, 480, 492.
Maps and charts: North Carolina, 99; Bermuda Hundreds, 252; Drewry’s Bluff,
291; Gum Swamp, 460; New Berne, 117; Washington, 168.
Mail steamers and mails, 50, 163.
Martindale, Gen’! J. H., 292, 293, 303, 330, 336.
McKay, Major Wm. W., 338, 480. ,
McManus, Capt. P. W., 17, 169, 171, 180, 425, 487.
Mine disaster, 360.
Mining our works, 363.
Moore, Major J. W., 17, 40, 51, 169, 266, 278, 292, 315, 338, 341, 367, 369, 435, 478, 483.
Munn, Asst. Surg. C. E., 508, 510.
Mustered out, 376, 480.
606 INDEX.
Naval contests, 58, 70, 130, 240, 443, 455.
New Berne, 77, 78, 86, 98, 106, 127, 440, 454.
Newport Barracks, 125, 135, 161, 233.
Newport News, 219, 509.
Nine months troops, 134, 208.
Ninth N. J. Regt., 36, 44, 49, 87, 117, 136, 146, 147, 148, 152, 211, 218, 230, 253, 264,
259, 260, 272, 292, 368, 446, 447, 450, 452, 459, 515.
Nutting, Col. J. H., 17, 425, 429, 457, 478, 484, 515.
South-West Creek, 147, 450, 464, 515
Spaulding, Capt. M. H., 17, 25, 49, 51, 59, 77, 80, 109.
Stanley, Gov. Edward, 111, 159, 165.
Stannard, Gen’! Geo J., 292, 309, 330, 340, 342, 344.
Steamers, Escort, 165, 181, 182, 245; Pilot Boy, 50, 51, 53, 79; Union, 42,
Ellen S. Terry, 163; Dudley Hack, 163.
Star Brigade, 229, 268, 274, 292, 304, 306, 308, 324, 330, 337, 345.
Struck by lightning, 118.
O unr ‘ arches 69 OF 7 QO7
Officers in prison, 408. 6 get ase apo oor
Orders. General, 52, 53, 116, 212, 218, 359. Swift, Capt. R. h., 1/, , 424, 488.
Orders, Complimentary, 71, 97, 98, 182, 265, 343, 344.
Otis, Surg. Geo. A , 8, 14, 41, 64, 103, 142, 495. Tarboro, 138, 211, 446.
Tenth Conn. Regt., 24, 25, 36, 44, 60, 63, 83, 87, 117, 136, 146, 148, LOl.
Palmer, Gen. I. N., 190, 242, 458. Testimonials, friendly, 12, 13, 7 20, 21, 23, 37, 192, 222, 376.
Peck, Gen’! J. J., 212, 240. | Torpedo nage 436, 452.
Peck, Capt. E. a 108, 339, 342, 354, 356, 365, 450, 475, 492, 529. | Trafton, Capt. J. W., 17, 40, 215, 456, 471.
Philadelphia, 22, 23, 345, 434, 501. ) Twenty-Third Mass. Regt., 24, 25, 44, 60, 61, 63, 83
anergy iwi aa a | 91, 918, 230, 988, GOK: 358, BR 6 $98.
Pickett, Gen’l J., 273, 291, 528. | Twenty-Fifth Mass. Regt., 24, 36, 37, 41, 43, 60, 64, 80, 83, 85, 86, 87, 118, 136, 146,
Plymouth, 127, 129, 140, 143. 161, 186, 235, 446. | 151, 156, 187, 188, 193, 195, 197, 200, ‘ 4, 218, 219, 930, 253, 254, 259, 268, 273, 304,
Provost duty, 204, 219, 445, 530. 309, 337, 367.
Provost guard fired upon, 119. Tyler, Capt. W. H., 8, 12, 489.
87, 92, 100, 107, 117, 119, 146,
Rainbow Bluff, 124, 138, 446. Veteran Reserve Corps, 213.
Ranger, transport, 42, 43, 45, a 47, 53, 55, 71, 78. ) Victory, 478, 479.
Recognition of the dead, 32:
Recruits, 124, 229, 457.
Recruit, schooner, 50, 53, 72, 78.
Re-enlistments, 220.
Reinforcements, 105, 134, he 160, 456, 475.
Reports, Beauregard’s, 270; Heckman’s, 245; Pickett’s, 273; Smith’s, 297.
Return of Veterans, 222, rick 480.
Return to North Carolina, 435.
Resolution of Massachusetts Legislature, 93.
Rhall’s Mills, 137, 447.
Roanoke Island, 56, 77, 115, 235, 502.
Robinson, Congressman Geo. D. ., O21, 523, 524, 527.
Walker, Major W. A., 17, 129, 186, 291, 300, 306, 312, 322.
Walthall Junction, 253, 255.
Warner, Capt. Geo., 14, 17, 99, 213, 503.
Washington, N. C., 100, 111, 125, 128, 136, 161, 165, 435, 306, 508.
Weitzel, Gen’! ¢ 6 . igen 274, 276, 289, 290, 455.
Whelden, Col. C. M., 10, 530.
Wilcox, Capt. ong wi . 73, 119, 277, 304, 306, 313, 322.
Williamston, 137, 139, 447, 452.
Wise Forks, “4 163.
Wood, Lieut. Pliny, 40, 61, 143, 169, 181, 196, 215, 264.
Woodworth, Chaplain C. L., 9, 12, 107, 140, 226, 258, 345, 376, 520, 525.
Wright, Lieut. F. C., 17, 181, 272, 292, 319.
Sampson, Capt. I. B., 40, 169, 179, 235, 239, 413.
Sandford, Capt. Chas. D , 17, 40, 120, 141, 187, 188, 194, 204, 253, 283.
Sandford, Chaplain Miles, 9, 39, 97.
Seventeenth Mass. Regt., 104, 117, 119, 136, 150, 211, 438, 461.
Sherman, Gen’l, at Millen, 399.
Shiloh, 133.
Sieges, Fort Macon, 105; Petersburg, 328 to 367; Washington, 167 to 185.
Signal corps, 516.
Skinner, Capt. J. L., 12, 190, 425, 426, 431, 490.
Smith, Gen’l W. F., 252, 288, 289, 297, 298, 302, 303, 330, 358.
Soldier’s life, 479.
Yellow Fever, 419, 440.
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