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Serving Eastern North Carolina Since 1980

Rerertons Sought Dade Ate Race Ri

By Scott Gold, Times Staff Writer

TULSA, Okla) A dwindling number of
race-riot survivors some more than 100 years
old will finally have a chance to make their
case for reparations, cight decades after a white
mob tore into a thriving black neighborhood,
leaving as many as 300 people dead.

At a federal courthouse here this morning,
lawyers representing more than 100) survivors
and 300 descendants of victims are scheduled
to have their first opportunity to argue that their
lawsuit seeking damages from the city and state
should proceed to trial. The city and state have
asked Senior U.S. District Judge James Ellison
to dismiss the suit.

Advocates on both sides see the case as a
bellwether in the national campaign to secure
reparations for descendants of slaves. Civil
rights: leaders believe it could shape the
reparation movement's legal strategy and help

- persuade the public that society bears some
responsibility for centuries-old offenses.

Thursday night, in anticipation of todav's
hearing, more than 250 people of various races
held a vigil. One woman held a hand-painted
sign that read, "Tulsa: Two Cities."

The Rev. Milford Carter, one of the city's
religious leaders, told the crowd that Tulsa had
been "stunted" by a legacy of racism.

"God loves justice and he loves Justice now,"
he said. "From this day forward, an action

_ begins that will not stop until it finds ultimate
commitment."

The vigil was held T at Greenwood Cultural
Center in north Tulsa. not far from where the
"violence erupted May 31, 1921. That day, a
local newspaper carried a young white woman's
allegation that: she had beer assaulted by a
black teenager. A white lynch mob walked to
the jail where the teen was being held and was
met by a group of blacks. A shot rang out, and
the riot began.
Thousands of whites descended on the nearby
community of Greenwood. a bustling black
neighborhood that included a business district
known across the South as "Black Wall Street"

because of its enterprise and success.

By the next afternoon, as many as 300 people,
mostly biacks, were dead. Thirty-five square
blocks of Greenwood were reduced to ash and
rubble. More than 1.000 buildings, including
churches and schools. were destroyed.

A city investigation concluded that the riot was
a "Negro uprising. � No one was ever prose-
cuted, nor were blacks compensated for the loss
of property. Authorities also never prosecuted
the teenager on the assault claims.

Though accounts vary, some historians believe
that the teen mistakenly Stepped on his
accuser's foot in an elevator, causing her to fall,
and that she screamed when he tried to catch
her.

The survivors T and descendants' lawsuit seeks
reparations for the death of family members and
the loss of homes and businesses.

Plaintiffs T lawyers, accusing the city and state
of participating in a oconspiracy of silence"
afier the riot, are secking unspecified financial
damages. They also seek several other means
of redress, including a declaration that the state
grand jury that carried out the first investiga-
tion, exonerating all whites, was a fraud, said
Michael D. Hausfeld, a leading attorney for the
survivors. The lawsuit seeks to have the state
establish a new grand jury that would identify
people responsible for the riot.

The state has argued that the Ith Amendment,
which typically shields states from federal
lawsuits, madé it immune from the claims. The

Unarmed Black teen killed

city says the statute of limitations for a case
such as this is two years, making the lawsuit ©
invalid. .

"These arguments are past their time and.
should not go forward," said Oklahoma
Assistant Atty. Gen. Wellon Poe. oIt could very

'~

well end here."

Today's hearing is expected to address only the
requests to have the case thrown out. The judge
is not expected to deliver a decision immedi-
ately. The loser is expected to appeal to the U.S.
Court of Appeals in Denver.

Several architects of the case, including
Harvard University law professor Charles _
Ogletree, are key players in the reparations
movement for descendants of © slaves.
Proponents of reparations believe that 246
years of unpaid labor helped the United States
become a superpower, and that the economic '
disparity between whites and blacks today can
be traced directly to slavery.

Ogletree compared the Tulsa case to the early
work of Thurgood Marshall, a civil rights icon
and the first black Supreme Court justice. As a:
young lawyer, Marshall picked his first cases
carefully, pursuing a strategy that resulted in a
landmark decision Brown vs. the Board of
Education, declaring segregation in public
schools illegal and helped set the stage for the
modern civil rights movement, Ogletree said.
"There will be evidence that this problem is far
larger than Tulsa," he said. oThis is just the tip
of the iceberg." .

Opponents of reparations see parallels too and,

as a result, say it is paramount that government
officials win the case.

Feburary 2004

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the Oklahoma Indians t '

to sue as well? How far do you go? Do the (

Egyptians today pay
Israelites?"

The riot was rarely discussed until 1996, its
75th anniversary, when the Oklahoma
Legislature created the Race Riot Commission.

Among other findings submitted to the state in
2001, the commission reported that scores of
Whites were deputized by the Tulsa police that
night and that the deputies joined the riot and
plundered Greenwood.

oThese people were told, Go out and get a
damn black person T except they used more
offensive language than that, as you might
imagine," said Alfred L. Brophy, a University
of Alabama law professor. Brophy, a specialist
in race and property law, is to testify today for
the plaintiffs.

Analysts call the allegation that the govemn-
ment was complicit in the riot a crucial point.
If the strategy succeeds, similar claims could be
made in other cities where race-related riots
took place, including Houston, Chicago and
East St. Louis, Ill. The tactic also could be
important in pushing for Slavery reparations,
because many state and local governments
passed laws shoring up the institution of
slavery, leaving them open to allegations that
they were complicit in the institution, civil
rights advocates say.

oThis lawsuit is the vanguard of a political
movement, the beginning of a national discus-
sion," Brophy said. "There are fundamental
issues to address. Is America truly a land of
unlimited opportunity? Or is it a place where

a é Sister Mary Williams is
yi iT tunity and 7, :
some people have unlimited opportunity Representatives in the coming election. Sister Ma

some people have been left behind? Reparations

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Counties were the topics of conversation.
Ongressman Frank Ballance, Congresswoman Maxine Wat ' Clay !
Se ene oe nae Council. er aters, Ann Huggins. Taffy Clayton, City

ne Waters and Congressman Frank Ballance for a visit to WOOW radio station for a live interview
(pictured: left to right)

Council aX

Photo by Jim Rouse

Get Register

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represent a new way of talking about the Great 2" supporters

Society."

by Herb Boyd
The Amsterdam News

NEW YORK (NNPA)A White
NYPD housing cop who turned a
Black unarmed teenager's shortcut
into a fatal path, faces possible indict
ment.

Brooklyn District Attorney,
Charles J. Hynes has indicated that he
will ask a grand jury to seek an iridict-
ment against Officer Richard Neri, 35,
who gunned down Timothy Stansbury
Jr, 19, arecent moming while patrol
ling the roof of the Louis Armstrong
Housing Complex in Bedford
Stuyvesant.

According to sources close to the
incident, the district atlomey will prob-
ably request an indictment for crimi-
nally negligent homicide, which éar
ries a maximum sentence of four
years, or second-degree Mmanslaugh-
ler, a more serious charge, which car-
ries a maximum sentence of 15 yeary,

Police Commissioner Raymond

(

Kelly quickly responded to the trag-
edy at f press conference, announc-
ing that o'the shodting appears to be
unjustified. �

Officer Neti, accompanied by OF-
ficer Jason Hallick, encountered Mr
Stansbury when Both apparently ar
rived at the exit door to the roof at the
same time. The officer had his gun
drawn und when he opened the door
to check the stairwell, the gun dis-
charged. One shot was fired and the
youth tumbled back down the flight
Of stairs onto his two companions,

The bleeding youth.made it down
four flights of stairs to the building's
vestibule, where tie expired,

Officer Neri, a resident of | Ang
Island, has been placed on modified
duty apd has-yerto tell his vefSion of
what happened to thé district attor-
ney. But sources have reported that
he Has no recollection of the shoot
ing. that it happened too-fast to re-
member. oHe is telling friends that it
was an.accident, � according to
sources Who have spoken to him.

. oHe had his gun drawn, so he in-
tended to use it, T said Phyllis
Claybure, the youth's mother, oWe
want justice. | had great hopes for
him. They are killing our dreams. �

Mr. Stansbury had no prior crimi-
nal record and was employed at a
McDonald's not too far from his
grandmother's house, where he was
killed.

oHe was never in any trouble, and
Spent most of his free time playing
basketball, � said his grandmother.
Irene Clayburne. His grandmother
said it wasn't unusual for the boys to
use the roof exit to travel from one
building to another inthe complex.

Stansbury, according to witnesses,
had left 4 fourth floor apartment in
one building,to go to the fourth floor
in another building. This was easier
than going all the way down and
coming back up again. It was re-
ported that he had gone to retrieve
more CDs for a party that was in-
derway,

Some housing cops are permitted

to patrol the rooftops with their guns
drawn because of the danger of en-
countering pit bulls and criminal ac-
livity on the roofs. This practice is
currently under review by an inter-
nal panel established by Commis-
sioner Kelly,

Patrick Lynch, president of the
New York police union, said he felt
Commissioner Kelly's comment that
the shooting was not Justified was a
otush to judgment � predicated on
opolitics and emotion."

Lynch said: oThe one person who
knows what happened on that roof,
the police officer involved, has not had
the opportunity to be interviewed by
the district attomey Ts office as of yet. �

Mayor Bloomberg supported the
commissioner's response, telling the
press that oa tragedy dccurred that
there Was no justification for that we
could see at the time. and the public
has a right to know,"

oRhetoric is fine, but we want ac-
tion. � said Councilman Charles
Barron, commending the mayor, but

in New York

demanding more. oLet us hope that
this is more than public relations on
the part of the mayor. This was a cold-
blooded murder and it demands jus-
tice. �

If Neri is indicted, the chances of

his being convicted are not good,
given the recent past cases in which
NYPD officers have been tried or
even indicted

Last spring, unarmed Ousmane
Zonyo was killed by a policeman at a
mini-storage in Chelsea. The case has
hol gone (0 a grand jury, The cops who
shot 41 bullets at Amadou Diallo, hit
ting him 19 times, were indicted. but
not convicted. No officers were in-
dicted in the killings of Gidone Busch
and Patrick Dorismond,

oWe must embrace our commu.

nity. � said Rev. Leonard Hatter. a
clergy liaison who\has comforted
families in three Yecent fatal

shootings in the area. including
Stansbury Ts. oThese tragedies must
come to an end, and they won't until
we at | together in love and unity, �

pictured at the Pitt County Board of Elections filing to run for the 8th District for the House of
fy 18 pictured with campaign manager Ozzie Hall Georgina Jackson

Photo by William Clark
Racial Lawsuit
By Michael Ellis | )

DETROIT (Reuters) - The credit arm of U.
automaker General Motors Corp. reached an
out of court settlement on Tuesday in a racial

bias lawsuit that said it charged blacks more

than whites for car loans. .

The class-action lawsuit, which had been
scheduled to go to trial this month, alleged
that black car buyers collectively paid
millions of dollars more interest for loans
than whites even though thev were just as
creditworthy. .

The case was one of several class-action
lawsuits filed against major car loan compa-
nies in the United States alleging that their
practices discriminate against minorities.
Japan's Nissan Motor Co. Ltd. agreed to cap
its dealer mark-up when it settled a lawsuit
charging racial discrimination in loan prac-
tices.

The GMAC lawsuit was filed in 1998,
when Stewart said some black consumers
were charged finance rates as high as 33
percent on car loans.

The settlement included no payments to the
plaintiffs, whose legal foes and expenses are
capped at a total $9.6 million.

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against marriage. On the con-
trary, I am for marriage when
understand themselves. and
each other, know what mar-
riage really is and really is not
and are committed to the same
life goals and to each other.
After nearly 13 years of mar-
riage, I can testify to the won-
ders of marriage.

But marriage is not the solu-
tion to everything. It is not a
one size fits all shirt which fits
all bodies. But the Bush admin-
istration seems to think so. It is
80 convinced that marriage is
the answer for poor women that
it has proposed spending $1.5

billion (that Ts right, billion) for
training to help couples devel-
op the skills for a ohealthy �
marriage.

This proposal was initiated "
by some conservatives who
have put forth the theory that

recently wrote an
article which pointed out that
marriage is an institution
which fewer and fewer
Americans of any economic
status are choosing. In fact,
more Americans are choosing
never to get married than ever
before. While the divorce rate
remains about the same as it
has for the past 20 or so years,
the rate of thosé never married
has increased dramatically.
Reich says that for some women
this is because there is less stig-
ma attached to not marrying
than there was a generation or
two ago. But, he points out,
part of the reason for the drop-

insurance and other benefits in

my en masse and some no

longer have to rely on their

men for income.
-Reich Ts point was that mar-

riage is not the solution for »

poor women and children -

all is the solution. In fact, he
wrote, oIt's not being single
that causes women to be poor.
It Ts being poor that makes it

"less likely they Tll marry. � Most

of the men in the lives of these
poor women are either unem-
ployed or only working part-
time, most likely without
health insurance. So the
women see little reason to get
married to these men. The
biggest barrier to marriage is
jobs or, more precisely, the lack
of them.

The New Yorker magazine
published an article last sum-
mer in which it followed sever-
al members of a marriage
training course who lived in
one of the low income housing
projects in Oklahoma City,
This glimpse into the lives of
these poor women, none of
whom were on welfare, showed
how -each day is a financial

a ccc tase

e But as mueh as the low |
meantime, income women may want to .
enter into a good marriage,

they were very realistic about it

all. They asked why they

should marry a man who still
has a relationship with other
of their children. While they
much divorce, they looked at
the percentage of married cou-
ples who say they are unhappy
and asked why a woman should
stay in an unhappy, sometimes
even dangerous, marriage.
oWhy isn Tt it better to be
alone? � (than unhappy and
married) one asked.

Yes, these women under-
stood that two people means
two paychecks. : Yet their own
life experiences had told them
something else as well. Many
of those who had children had
been left by the children Ts
fathers, often without any
income from them. Many had
been victims of domestic vio-
lence and some had been
involved with men in prison.
Two of the five women in the
class had been sexually abused
as children themselves. And
many of the men in their lives
were not supportive of self-
improvement efforts by the

EN A et Oi Sila ve teh he

oo �"�

that a committed relationship

woman from poverty. At
Sooner Haven [the housing pro-
ject], relationships with men
were often what stopped an
ambitious woman from escap-
ing, � said the New Yorker arti-
cle. Lt

_ Then there is the question of
efficiency of spending the little
money that we as a nation are
setting aside for programs here
at home. There have been few
objective evaluative studies of
marriage training programs,
and anecdotal evidence seems
to show that attendance is low
and the programs ineffective.
Many use out-dated manuals
written for a different cultural
and economic context than
many of the women in our
nation Ts poorest communities
and few men seem to attend at
all. .
I am not against programs
which help poor women and
poor men to build better rela-
tionships and to become better
parents. I have often called
upon churches to do exactly
this. But I am opposed to our
federal budget putting aside
$1.5 billion for unproven pro-
grams at the very same time-we

& teed del Gerad aw a ian ie

and, their children.
against our government forc-
ing poor women to get married
when other women have other

- Wouldn't it make more sense
to put aside this money for .
child care programs for poor
working women? Wouldn Tt it
make more sense to provide
health insurarice for every
American? Wouldn't it make
more sense to provide trans-
portation to the few jobs avail-
able to these women, many of
which require a car or multiple.
buses to get to? Wouldn't it
make more sense to provide
more dollars for job training for
these women? Wouldn't it
make more sense to provide low
income housing for our
nation Ts growing poor?
Wouldn Tt it make more sense to
put aside the funds for job cre-
ation for poor men and women?

Let Ts put the horse before the
cart, and not the other way
around. The solution is not
marriage, the solution is jobs
and economic security.

The results of the South
Carolina primary were instruc-
tive in many ways but they pri-
marily showed that Black vot-
ers are all over the map, split-
ting their vote almost equally
between Democratic presiden-
tial candidates John Edwards
and John Kerry at 37 percent
and 34 percent, respectively,
with Rev. Al Sharpton getting
17 percent, which was less than

half of what Edwards received. -

This says at least two things.
First, it says that if the Black
vote has lost its unity, then it

Exercising Black political clout

has lost its significance in the
2004 election. What does it
mean for Black politics if the
top candidates - Kerry,
Edwards, and, to a lesser
extend, Clark - to have the
Black vote split among them? It
means that a split in a minority
vote will hardly be recognized
by any of them. On the other
hand, more unified Black vote

could not be ignored by. any of

them.

Furthermore, this means
that if this pattern of a split
Black vote in national elections
continues, while we all may be
having fun asserting our oindi-

viduality, � what we really will -

be asserting is political impo-
tence.

Judging by the numbers,
what Black voters seem to be
saying is that we are just like
every body else; we are going to
hang free, let the chips fall
where they may and vote for
whomever is the best-looking,

best-sounding and has the best
chance of getting elected in
November.

The truth is that we cannot
vote just like everybody else.
The decision by many Blacks to
join the bandwagon of oelec.
tability � means that we have
lost our clear vision of how to
use power to impact on the elec-
tion system. Blacks were 47 per-

cent of the primary voters in

South Carolina and it would
have been far better for them to
have voted 100 percent for one
candidate rather split the Black
vote.

The media has been always
drawn to the dramatic feats of
Black politics "asking why are
Blacks behaving differently
than anyone else. This kind of
action is the stuff that draws
attention to the agenda of
Black voters. If the Black vote
were used to make or break one
of the leading candidates, then
they would be beholden to that

Black vote and their issues.
Given that the White vote was
distributed among the five can-
didates, the Black vote could
have determined the winner.
But that didn Tt happen.

Black voters, ojust like T
everybody else, � seem to be
shifting from their early alle-
giance from Howard Dean to
Kerry. Dean received only 4 per-
cent of the Black vote in South
Carolina.

Right now, the media seems
to be telling Black voters what
to do and shaping the race
according to its own balance
sheet. I don Tt support Howard
Dean, but the media seems to
have ejected him like a foreign
substance from the body politic
just because of the so-called oI
Have a Scream � speech follow-
ing his loss in Iowa. Sure, Dean
looked un-presidential, but I
still don Tt think we get it. The
media wants the classic fight: a
well-known senator from inside

the Washington power circle
pitted against George Bush, the
incumbent president. It doesn Tt
want a firebrand governor who
will flame out before they have
had a chance to sell many news-
paper ads or TV commercials.

The plain fact is that Blacks
need a strategy and we need
leaders to devise it, lest we
expend their precious energy
in this election season all for
nothing. Sharpton may be vul-
nerable because he has won
only a few delegates and scan-
dal is brewing about his con-
nections to Roger Stone, a
prominent Republican strate-
gist who is said to be
bankrolling his operation and
providing his campaign with
research.

If Sharpton does not turn
out to be the man that Jesse
Jackson was even during his
first time out in 1984, then lead-
ership in this election season
needs to gravitate to other

Blacks. Thé key is that since
Richard Gephardt, Joe
Lieberman and __ possibly
Howard Dean all have Black
delegates pledged to them and
they are either out of the race
or on the brink of it, a pool of
such delegates could come
together and form a super-dele-

-gation, going to the convention

to exact some accountability
from the eventual nominee on
behalf of Black issues.

That should work. Now, who
will do it?

Ron Walters is the
Distinguished Leadership
Scholar, director of the African
American Leadership Institute
in' the Academy of Leadership
and professor of government
and politics at the University of
Maryland-College Park. His lat-
est book is oWhite Nationalism,
Black Interests � (Wayne State
University Press).

On the one hand, the latest
federal unemployment figures
track the continuing slow
return to health of the nation's
economy. . .

The national unemployment
rate fell to 5.6 percent, from
December's 5.7 percent-its low-
est level since October 2001;
and employers added 112,000
new jobs-the best monthly job-
creation performance since
December 2000.

And yet, the essentially
gloomy character of this eco-
nomic recovery continues to, at
least shadow, if not overwhelm,
the good news.

Nothing better illustrates
that description at present than

Extend emergency unemployment benefits

three numerical benchmarks
The first might be best put in
the words "six weeks, and
counting. �
That's the length of time
since Congress refused to

extend the federal unemploy-.

ment extension insurance pro-
gram.

This means that since late
December, those jobless
Americans who've exhausted
their regular state unemploy-
ment benefits have no longer
been eligible for the additional
13 weeks of unemployment
checks the federal program
provides.

The second benchmark is
500,000, and counting.

That's the estimated number
of jobless Americans who in
the last six weeks have exhaust-
ed their regular state unem-
ployment aid and have been left
bereft, without a paycheck or
unemployment benefits.

The final statistic is two mil-
lion.

That's the estimated number
of Americans jobless workers
who by June are likely to be in

the same predicament: at the
end of their support from regu-
lar state unemployment insur.
ance programs; having had no
luck at finding a job, and with
no federal emergency lifeline
in sight.

Having let pass a chance to
extend the federal emergency
program in December, the
House of Representatives last
week took a step in the right
direction by approving a re-
extension on a 227 to 179 vote.
The unanimous Democratic
ranks were bolstered by 39 of
their Republican counterparts
in support on an amendment
sponsored by Representative
George Miller, of California,
the ranking Democrat on the
House Committee on
Education and the Workforce.

However, a carbon-copy mea-
sure would have to be approved
by .the Senate, and then
Congress would have to ,vote
separately to fund the re-exten-
sion in order for the benefits to
show up in the pockets of those
jobless workers now facing
very hard times.

Unfortunately, the prospects
for that happening are, to use
an appropriate word, gloomy,
even as the boon a re-extension
will provide to both needy indi-
viduals and the economy is
apparent. Not only would those
emergency funds keep the for-
mer from falling into dire
poverty, the spending by the
unemployed would help the
economy as a whole, too.

And the government's latest
monthly unemployment report
shows that this economy still
needs help badly.

For example, the 112,000 new
jobs created in January, wel-
come though they are, were
still far short of the 175,000
forecasters were expecting, and
of the 150,000 new jobs monthly
economists say are necessary
to draw enough jobless workers
back into the workforce to sig-
nificantly begin to dent the
country Ts 8.3-million unemploy-
ment total. Even as federal offi-
cials raised their estimate of
new jobs created in December
to 16,000, from the paltry origi-
nal estimate of 1,000, they

Matters of Opinion

Weapons of mass denial

simultaneously lowered the
total number of jobs created
since August to 229,000, from an
earlier estimate of 278,000.

Further, the disparity in the
racial and ethnic impact of job-
lessness in America continues
to show itself in dramatic
ways. :

The January monthly report
determined that while the
unemployment rate among
whites declined from a flat 5
percent to 4.9 percent, the rate "
among Hispanic Americans
increased from 6.6 percent to
7.3 percent, and that of African
Americans rose from 10.3 per-
cent to 10.5 percent.

A new study by the National
Urban League's Institute for
Opportunity and Equality adds
further insight to how deeply
America's job losses have cut
the significant economic gains
African Americans recorded
during the boom years of the
1990s.

The report determined that
college-educated and highly-
skilled black workers suffered
greater job losses than their

Voice

Your
AYT-T a Zolals

Write A LETTER

white counterparts; that
African-Americans make up
nearly 30 percent of the long-
term unemployed, compared to
21 percent for whites; and that
from 2001 to 2003 the median
household income of blacks fell
3 percent, compared to a loss of
1.7 percent for white house-
holds.

These are just a few of the
welter of statistics which show
that the recession that struck
America in 2001 has been beat-
en back and the economy is
recovering at its high levels,
albeit slowly.

But it's a different story at
the middle and lower levels,
and along the color lines, of our
society. In those precincts, the
pain remains sharp and wide-
spread; and, if Congress refus-
es to act when action is neces-
sary, it will grow.

Marc H. Morial is President
and CEO of the National Urban
League

OTe Taltels

rias One

TO THE EDITOR

stockpiles of biological and
chemical weapons that every-
one suspected to be there [in
IT r aqj?»
He replied, oI don Tt think they
existed. �

What is clear from Kay as
well as newly declassified CLA
documents is that the basic
rationale for last year Ts preemp-
tory strike against Iraq was
flawed because there was noth-

8 ing to a

the u. Rather than face up to hav-
Agency to serve as. the chief ing misled the U.S., the UN. and
nuclear weapons inspector in the world, Bush and his top
Iraq, couldn't have been more advisers are essentially playing
direct in his recent report a childish, though deadly, game
There are no weapons of mass of what has been described as I-
destruction in Iraq. hit-him-before-he-could-hit me.
In an ore cae to you what |
Reuters News Service, strongly believe: that inaction
asked; oWhat happened to the in Iraq would have emboldened

Saddam Hussein, � Bush said
last Sunday on oMeet the
Press. � The president contin-
ued, oHe could have developed,
you know, a nuclear weapon
over time. I'm not saying imme-
diately, but over time. Which
would then.have put us in what
position? We would have been
in 4 position of blackmail. �

Bush knew exactly what he
was doing when he ordered the
unprovoked attack on Iraq.
Mark Crispin Miller, a profes.
sor of media studies at New
York University, said by shift-
ing the nation Ts attention from
domestic issues to foreign
affairs, Bush went oFrom Bozo
to Churchill. �

Writing in his book, oThe
Bush Dyslexicon: Observations
of a National Disorder, � Miller

4

observed: o...before you knew
it, the seeming bozo was our
savior. Not only were his
famous foibles magically
erased, but Bush's entire politi-
cal pre-history also slipped
right down the memory hole -
the fraud and thuggery in
Florida, the Supreme Court's
complicity, the appointment of
John Ashcroft, the budget-bust-
ing tax cuts, the moves against
Social Security, the screw-you
foreign policy, the slash-and-
burn environmental policy, the
lame prescription drug plan,
the Jeffords controversy,
California's power black-outs,
Dick Cheney Ts Enron black-out

~

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Educating The Black Community 24

February 2004 Page 3

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From The Desk Of Mrs, Beatrice Maye

ee RR ee ee ee Se

EE ESE ELLA. ARLE MR! LEB: ER OD AE

ASP STS ot aa ee ee

Reflections Expressions & Reviews

] Student. nurses worked with the matron, staff nurses, and physicians

In addition.

coe . 3: . a ES on the wards, in the operating room and home visits.
stiffener for laces. nets. etc. Advice: Don't believe eve } they heard lectures hes focused on the diseases and conditions of
18. Slide a split clothes pin you hear. Don't attempt what is | the current patient population. In 1898. St. Agnes graduated its
under the door. it makes a good door beyond your limitations. oOnee you first two nurses from an } training program.
stop. _ have miade'a mistake, forget it and 4 | Ooote 3 .
19. If ice-cube trays stick. wipe Plan for tomorrow. R.J. Hastings Lincoln Hospital in Durham opened its doors in 1901 as the third
ith cl ry repl we hospital for Attica Americans in North Carolina. Constructi
oe dry with cloth before ~ Keep an open mind. | oe were met yee en Deke, (a. Durham philantrop
; . . it was Open to ients regardless of their ility to pay.
ree ri renee om Bible Study fr th ~ Lincoln School of Nutsin opened in 1903. Its first director served
small amount of milk 10 the peg op tudy from the in nearly every Teadership capacity. She was known to prepare
cooking Nan unt Of milk ofo the Book of Genesis | meals in the Kitchen, dispense medicine from the . and
ry ine _- . Ms. Mae | help where needed. By the early 20° century, North Carolina had
| jinceed oil 5s helps revent the pein three strong schools of nursing for African-Americans: St. Agnes
| from becoming imbedded in T the 1. According to Genesis, in Raleigh. Lincoln in Durham, and Good Samaritan in Charlotte.

As late as 1937. African-American nurses secking employment in

brisiles. what was the first thing God said? community health could only find jobs in Asheville, Charlotte,

. 22 After washing greasy Find in Genesis 1.3 Greensboro. Raleigh. Weldon, Wilmington. and Winston-Salem.

Household Tips dishes or pans. always flush drain : By the 1940s, racial injustice was being questioned by more and
Ms. Mae with hot water. This helps to keep 2. What were the first things more people. Organized mursing was in the forcfront of breaking

your drain from clogging up. ~

; 23. Pie crusts will brown beau-
1. Wrap cheese in a cloth tifully if vou brush them lightly with
dampened in, vinegar. then place in injig just before putting them jin the
air tight comtainer. This will kecp it -oven.
fresh. 24 _Instead of dipping your

meats. fish. ctc.. in a dish of flour.
keep flour in a large salt shaker and

__. dust on foods. It's easier and less
yaad Vinegar and % water. Wipe wacefyl -

2. If windshield wipers smear
your windshield, clean wipers and
windshield with a solution of '%

in creation God saw as ogood �?
Find in Genesis 1:4.5

3. On which day of creation
did God bring about humans?
Find in Genesis !:27-3}

4. What did God say would
happen to the man if he

Suejette Jones

History of African-
American Nursing in
North Carolina

On October 18.

down racial barriers in North Carolina.

of the North Carolina Nurses Association and

Dasing this decade. leaders
the organization then

known as the North Carolina Colored Graduate Nurses Association

created a plan to merge.
Association voted itself out of existence and the

nurses in North Carolina. It took more than a

accept African-American women.

1896 the St. Agnes

In 1949. the Colored Graduate Nurses
North Carolina
Nurses Association voted to open its membership to all registered
after mefger
of the professional organizations for white schools of nursing to

dry 25. To check your refrigerator _ the forbidden tree? ate from Hospital in Raleigh opened its doors for Condensed from the News and Observer Supplement

3. To clean your combs. Put ofor proper sealing. Close the door Find in Genesis 2:17 Senn cioe By today vate pe Some Local T Identities:

icon cannon mo our on apes nese a Ages wai nt en be cpl

ike cone rt eee a casily your door is not scaling §. What happened just prior faucet in the kitchen and water was heated The late Mrs. Charlotte Foxhall Flanagan. a native of Washington
yak i his solutio property and you are wasting clec- to God Ts creation of Eve? N.C. and wife of the late WE. :

about half an hour. then remove, tricity.

rinse and dry. . During its first six months of operation. Mortician) was one of the early graduates of St. Agnes School of
4 pe jewelry in solution of 26. Denatured alcohol will re- . the hospital cared for 17 inpatients and 35 Nursing. She came to Greenville asa nurse to assist the late Dr
Jewelry i , Move pencil marks sponge with 6. Which of the following outpatients. An additional 223 people James Balile.
One part houschold EET ive denatured alcohol and water. were NOT part of God's curse for received medical and nursing care in their
poe warm rinse ad dn WHR Od 97 Put a nylon stocking over Adam and Eve Ts disobedience? homes. Miss Sallie Mac Norcott of Greenville held a position as nutritionist
Sounbrsh rns ocy your hair brush: it will brush and A. Athlete's foot at Lincoln Hospital in Durham from 1948-1955.
much sugar to Saal ain Clean your hair and not destroy your B. The death of Cain Maric Louise Burgess, an African- .
bef gar | C wave. C Banishment from Eden American graduate of the New England The late Dr. Harold Kelly and Charles Thompson who practiced
lore cooking. Cook first. then 28. To broil meats over live D. The cursing of th Hospital for Women and Children, was the medicine in Greemyifle during the late 1940s and carly 50s did their
sweeten to lasic. . coals. it is essential that they do not 2 © Cursing of the ground fires head hurse at St. Agnes. Students internships at Lincotn Hospital.
Store coffee in refrigerator smoke so after the coals hive E: Pain in childbirth ~ would clean, cook and make beds during a
after opened. 1 believe you'll like juenod down, throw a handful of Find in Genesis 3:14-19 six-month probationary period. if their Note:
the better taste. salt over them. This will lower the . work was acceptable and they wanted to
7. Parboil a sausage or roll flames and deaden the smoke that 7: Why did God put a mark pursue a career in nursing. they entered In 2003, the Lincoln Hospital School of Nursing Alumni. tnc..
them in flour before frying to arises on Cain? the hospital as student nurses. Most of celebrated its 100 � year legacy having graduated over 600 nurses
prevent bursting, 29. If baking powder is old and Find in Genesis 4:15 their education was on-the-job training,

8. A dash of salt in coffee
Cooked too long or reheated will
refresh the taste.

inch ¢ cob add a half cupful of milk and a
in will epi ouch Ibaper fresh teaspoon of sugar to the water. Corn
10. Your pancake will not stick 7!! taste better
and there will bc no smoke or odor
if you makc a little salt bag and rub Vital Issues
your pan with it instead of using Ms. Mae

lumpy. heat it in the oven.
30. When boiling corn on the

Fa ne mons oci Sa
I}. Tea will taste metlower if a The vital issues - family. health. and Find in Genesis 5:24 a
aie oe eee Sate of happiness - Enjoy these at any age. |
w .
to, ' Genesis alluded to a race
fom it vou oay ~~ dust Lis _ Losing weight is eye pai things: 10 giants which existed before the THIS IS ALL YOU N EED
Heat mi ore adding it Jimiting the amount of calorics a ; at were thev
to mashed potatoes. They stay fat in ar diet. getting exercise and Great Flood What were they TO RID E TODAY!!!

warm longer, taste better. eating the right things.
14. To hold icing on cake. dust
a little cornstarch over the cake Pray away your stress. When you
before icing. have peace in your life. youll have
15. A clean blackboard eraser. less stress

re moet oa clean. steamcup The three arch-enemies of life -
� windows in vour car. hurry. worry. and debt. Newell

16. Begin with cold water in. Dtll

making coffee. Warm water pro- 1. three gifis of life: Love.

Find in Genesis 2:20

8. How old was Adam when
his third son, Seth, was born?
Find in Genesis 5:3

9. This man walked with
God, and one day God simply

Find in Genesis 6:4

11. Although Noah's ark was
measured in cubits, about how
many feet long was it?

Find in Genesis 6:15

12. According to Genesis
Chapter 7, how long did the flood
waters cover the earth?

over a wood stove to sterilize equipment.

Flanagan (prominent Greenville

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Letter
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pint of water makes a nericct Proof of Insurance

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Six (6) Personal References

"I TM FOR TRUTH NO MATTER WHO TELLS IT. ?'M FOR JUSTICE, NO MATTER WHO IT
IS FOR OR AGAINST. I TM FOR A HUMAN BEING, FIRST AND FOREMOST, AND AS SUCH
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last From, The Past
rican American History

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ebruary 2004 Page 5

_ February 2004 Page 6

What is America to me?

tribulations we went through

owboy - back home in the
the intrusive thought. ihe ap eases f a inmens vcatoa field collectively ghetto. Thad no idea that the
et uwitdne enn institutions. � " where men, women and chil- Some 15,000,000 Africans raareptnasrf-nartonies A
= pelle raek ender Spies pga es pelarelper idem tsthgrn len drtep ty acta tnet apie
from oe . tae - ever happens, there will be no Looking up at his slave master, mated 10 percent survived the a wford Goldsby-
Fee, Misedncated in school, more need for Black History he asked why it was against the Middle Passage. phe Atlant Cherokee Bill - was more
bombarded all my life with Month. Until then, I celebrate "_law for slaves to learn to read = was awash cviyrtard T sabe to feared than Jease James, Born
ative images of Black folks, this single month each year "_ "or write. | alin aan ships for din- in 1894, he formed the Cook
ity cons to subliminally hate when our children are taught The old slave master affec- follow the save rae or fthe Gang mos tly Black men with
yeelf We were trained to feel about themselves. I believe that tionately put his arm around " ror * Indian blood. Hey, that Ts me!
may to the larger society. In _in the equation of our chil- the boy Ts shoulder and chuck- "_ Black holocaust. oh distor They liberated the Cherokee
" school, textbooks, the movies, dren's Meee eg tb ecetion nade sis like Terma tehool fled Nation federal money being
EARL BYRD everywhere. Like whenmy | percent dropping out, 12,000 crazy, ania eae teach me that 20 Africans paid to people with claims to
APm0 Fs Prat dmother would take me _truants playing hooky every explained. oMake em wanna "_to as free Indian land. He killed a couple
| with her to the White woman's day and 42,000 students failing be free. � landed at WO anes baton the of people, including Sheriff
could thi house where she cooked and = "_last year - the answer lies in ae tneee bt tes ae, nan 69.8 anded at Ellis Rattling Gourd.

Dear reader, | could ek a cleaned so we could eat. teaching them about them- pein rien ae mw ney ngure Leahoabra oa an These cats were Black and
no better Black History Mon Ives. it out, ultimately ask what hap- Plymo a yor Lay
story than the one I wrote last airs gan ne a = 1 se a child in desperate need _ pened to that little slave boy. Children still aren Tt aaeh lene bens = a Gane.
year. "mother took me on a train to _of self-esteem and role models, _ ". oLittle Fred, � I'd pain i slaves ie spirituals to trick robbed banks, stores and stage-

Boy, son of Tarzan, Lord of visit the place of her birth in America allowed me five days olearned to read and write while singing sp how there's coaches, sad dtyone who got
the Jungle. Super cool baved North Carolina. There before out of the year to study about _ " behind the master Ts back. He the Ave roti T ne in their way was shot dead
in a tree house, and had a ; | if during oNegro History _ escaped to freedom, came to evi aay, ;

were acres of land, and myse 6 Negro History . red the New World before A girlfriend snitched on
chimp for a pal. The jungle me ican-Ameri - Week. � Baltimore. to live, and when he _ explore e ; he shot a
was his home, not an over- _ a! My " The importance of images grew up, he became the consul Columbus. We were heow: pera e a i pa
crowded ghetto slum. Boy Poel with joy and pride. and Black history toa childis general to two countries of Minutemen, Pilgrims an cow looting at him. He was hanged
talked to the animals, any! Melvin Williams told me incalculable. If had children, color, Haiti and the Dominican boys imtcruk. OMA ike
When an alligator treatened st ast night inthe confine-Twould create daily adventures Republi. home to the South, she after his 20th birthday,
When mpreaietn aoe. ment of Super Max, oMy peo- _of self-discovery. Inspire in | «one Bennett renowned noe 2 picture of me sitting on Fifty years after crying in
him, his father La | love for reading. My African-American historian, ! abe
; , le are destroyed for lack of them a lo sg. �"� oee ' I are that movie theater, I Tm still
his arms around Tarzan Ts neck, "P oD first crime was breaking into "_- says that our story ohas been a white mule. I was up ing about bei
. " . (erly t being some-
Boy splashed water, laughed Hitt know only too the adult section of the library. _ distorted and pushed into like a little idiot, sick in my , eae Only ere to be
and hitched a ride to shore. well So, following dinner, bedtime __strange shapes by a massive _brain, taught to hae myse f by one of those Black cowboys

F mustang sete o A lot of African-American _ or anytime, inspirational stories Binags met based on a a a he dy rt who have Indian in their blood.
down my face in that, i Id be part of our family powerful myths and lies thai co , -

. educators like Charlie wou. Pp . fI Td had out on the range, living free.
movie house. | wanted to be ; : | hide Black people from them- _ Lone Ranger. I a gun, �,� ral

; ; dent of routine. K peopie c ne t Ts America to me,
Taming foyet SiouaDostn Cokes, Tre waryolie tiem ciesiciee might heve shots couple with a Black perspective
without knowledge of myself a that othe best education boy, Frederick Douglass, is an Children need to know that that I might have shot a couple
or my proud African history will not come to the masses example. How he learned that "_ they come from strong stock. A _ niggers for ae ee Earl Byrd is an AFRO
and heritage, I somehow af until the community runs its reading and writing were the _ lesser people would have been Sez pas ip vayec wa reporter
ees LT hs own colleges and educates its keys to freedom. destroyed by the trials and CT 8

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February 2004 Page 9

udents

oThe concern is this is our best and brightest

The high rate of AIDS infection among U.S. bi ithi
SAK FRANCISCO (February 10, 2004 6:08 p.m. EST) - A sudden, one ofthe most striking difficulties of AIDS proces Deen er down wngrity, Population who are
lack col e stave tlh Ase been discovered among male Blacks are 11 times more likely than white Americans to get lethal infection," Leo sald and potentially
probably hepoaucerts in North Carolina, and officials fear ame egrne is AIDS. Even though they make up 12 percent of the The researchers said toa �: a
Ppening across the South. percent of naw Hag cant for 39 percent of AIDS cases and 54 upsurge maybe curing among black mae
The upsurge is driven b young men having risky sexual encour i Among black men, like whites he | ading « infection Swaps Students across the South.
pet men, Tolcally ey do not consider themeeloes to te oay th is sex with other men, Experts hase paar the on "Weha Ca olinene a opal Cores limited to
"It's a public Mestre have girlfriends, as well, rate of risky sex among gay black men. Poverty is often listed Fitz atrick. na, $8 © CDC's Dr. Lisa
its LP nic i ith eme ency. I don't know any other way to put it, � as a stron contributor, So, the new findings among relatively Leone said HIV ap
See es �,�, HIV medical director at the State Health "we once erg cstudents were rine ected, R | recently introduced among T black ocote
: a ( about it," said Dr. iserri : | ; :
The increase was first noticed in late 2002, and officials now believe in deputy HIV chief at the federal Centers for Disease Contra ieilss oe ais nore likely than
- college eention. ng altiot es feels not think about during their first weeks of infection, and this
indeed, + Coe aye nigh oe , might explain why so many students have
ae rae oi 0 campuses in the 1990s found a Caught it.

rare a id they thy i h

a. cers Said they thought they were not at

high risk of HIV, despite frequent anal

intercourse without condoms with different

Male partners.
Part of it is message fatigue, � Leone Said.

uestioned, three-

Nationwide, an estimated 900,000 people have HIV. The CDC aie ae o al this thing. It's
s ays at in. recent years infections have risen somewhat Another possible facto. ie joie |
The Nor Carolina resarchers fauna Smeg TMM NOMEN. Intense sete /a May Be 37 especialy
ed male ality ; ki
College ele Over the past three years, 73 of them black. ikely te eeett rang we oe ents less
md cia ed sex yn "en VE a conte neces gy 2°) ent
y with women. " ; ae
apparently were infected through sex with men. © fest =H "they dont dem alized group, � as
ae to gay white men." 3
Medical Editor Daniel 9. Haney iS a Special
a o~~~ Correspondent for The sociated Press,
. Copyright © 2004 AP Online
BLOUNT'S PHOTOGRAPHY e
400 MARTIN L.KING JRLDR. Black History needs a
SUITE 112 GREENVILLE N.C. newer testament
. 27834
252-758-7674 By Roy Douglas Malonson

There is nothing as sacred as King James T
original version of oThe Holy Bible," tb descen.
dants of oNegroes � who still remember when they
were oColored Folks, � that were raised by pa

book, of course, was the family bible. That bi
also Served as somewhat of a history book, neon
as it contained treasured family milestones, e.g,
rths, marriages, deaths and even dates that
members of the more affluent African American
families graduated a schooi.

United Negro College Fund

Has New Leader
By APARNA H., KUMAR, Associated Press Writer

WASHINGTON - The United Negro, Cc
announced Monday that a Louisiana university
president Michael L. Lomax wil succeed William
H. Gray Il this summer as President and chief
executive of the 60-year-old association of histori-
Cally black colleges and universities,

lege Fund

3006 Memorial Drive
Greenville, NC
(252) 353-5191

National College

800-600-3453 www.CFNC.org/Savings

© College Foundation, Inc. 2003

2
4

North Carolina's
®

Savings Program

College Foundation of North Carolina
Helping You Plan, Apply, and Pay for College

LT NN

February 2004 Page 10

THREE ESSENTIAL BOOKS TO READ
FOR BLACK HISTORY

Invisible Man
By Ralph Ellison

a aa SEs

gepresents Yror Cow

¢

OV»
May
FOR MEMPHIS

at . ; e : e 9) by: KWAKU PERSON-L\
Help Save My Home | Who Is The Real Minority?
| Watching movies, television programs, use a movie to make a point. The deliverer acter of anyone who attempts to make a
inc. does exactly posters, billboards, most magazine cover. of the propaganda, television, is the most negative campaign out of this information.
te Lor « | and instruments of mass media, the first efficient tale ane implement ever cre- No matter what ne scultural heritage, we
. | impression, as it relates to categories of ated. Not only are they in every home, but are all still members a
that, saves homes neaple. is that people of European descent almost every room in every home. Most what makes shal Statement ie aoc
- . hs , re the dominant people on planet earth. _ parents are not good monitors of what their in today Ts reality is the exi of
; Foreclosures are on nae it to tum ee fowero- Observing audiences at professional sport- children watch, so children are being con- white supremacy, the proposition that
rise. Layoffs and job cuts eee ot ot edlinns ehau- ing events, major concerts, university stu- ditioned from their earliest beginnings of _ people of color are inferior, affecting every
have resulted in a growing hate the risk OF & client losing dent populations and most major business consciousness. Breaking this cycle takes a area of human behavior. Dr. Welsing made
number of foreclosures as oes : and academic conferences andsoforth,one _ lot of hard disciplined work. The point is, the most profound statement on this subject
people find themsclyys unable" The goa! is 0 implement a could come to the same conclusion, along there are times when surfing through chah- in arrecent interview. It is the answer to the
to make their monthly mort- plan before the situation ee with the term, owhite privilege. � nels, minus non-white channels, when al- world Ts greatest psychological problem,
Sage payment. ", om pamgeetee i Juxtapose this with the perspective of most everyone on the screen is white, and oThere will never be JETS. until white
. Help Save My Home spe- ointerest curse ° eae Dr. Frances Cress Welsing, psychiatrist, even in some of the commercials, some of supremacy is terminated.
ctalizes in foreclosure preven- dreds of hehe Pest author, lecturer, and one of the few scien- the people of color look white. Dr. Welsing will appear at Compton
bon, and can help Preserve ae oloon it br t sent tists to make her life Ts work studying, un- Mentally, that establishes the percep- Community College, Friday, Feb. 6th,
homeownership as well as gage loan is see fea lean | derstanding and creating ways toeliminate tion that being white is the standard, and 7:00pm.
climinate or reduce financial When a lender su thes en the most vicious system known to human- _ the model for humanity. In other words, if Kwaku Person-Lynn is the author of On
loss. 0 @ local Pikes neve kind, racism/white supremacy. She states, one did not aspire to be like white folks, My Journey Now - The Narrative And Works
Help buy peste ere cane ts. | oPeople who classify themselves as white one is less than a full human being, or Of Dr. John Henrik Clarke, The Knowledge
offers effective a added for marae fosts. are a tiny minority on the planet represent- inferior. Worse yet, people of color will Revolutionary. E-mail " address:
homeowners faced with pal Seek d a . ing less than 1/10th of the human popula- _ voluntaril y call themselves a minority,one DrKwaku@hotmail.com.
ing their Somes. By p rev at mn served a ae in o} tion. � of the great linguistic success stories of
alternative solutions, using FO alee That number may decrease further when white Supremacy. Even deeper, it relegates _ DISCLAIMER "
government and hon-govern- forec losure TE bankrom: people classified as white, who are not, the history and culture of a person of color .
meat programs, a solution can without filing Se fi Py | such as many: Egyptians, Arabs, Latinos, inferior to anything that is not of European The articles and thoughts ex-
be developed to meet specific No equity aa ; or its Asians, Pacific Islanders, and other cul- descent, though many Afrikan and Asian | pressed on this page are the sole
criteria and circumstance. Programs. eae aa tural groups are correctly defified. Anyone civilizations had high cultures, sciences | opinions of the individual author or
All homeowners are sab- teed service and a ° who has the experience of traveling through- and advanced mathematics longbeforeany | group that expresses them and do
ject to hardship beyond al experts ae ee are out the world, other than Europe and North place called Europe, Greece or Rome ex- | not reflect the views of the Los Ange-
control. Loss of Income, le Crs T questions an a tans: America, will find that the large majority "isted. European archeologists, paleontolo- | tes Sentinel.
eee eens sO ah as ea of the people one will see are people of gists and historians themselves have veri- We welcome comments from our
death and repairs can make it process, . ~) color. The only whites seen are usually fied this. readers. To send material for the
difficult to meet a mortgage MoE 9) T eee tourists, military personnel, corporate em- On a human level, with more logical editorial page be sure to include a
obligation. It takes only one pout us s ieee ployees or persons who just happen to be and scientific proof than one could ever name, your area of residence and if
emergency to throw a home- omes ay ° tion to save | there. consume that people of European descent available, an e-mail where you can
owner over the edge, espe- Seo SAREE Image making is a very persuasive in- are a tiny minority on the planet, is not a be contacted accompanying the ma-
cially when there is:no your home, log qn | strument. Movies are the most effective reason to utilize this information ina nega- . terial submitted. Please note, we
reserve fund. , eine cet propaganda tools ever devised in the so- tive fashion. Courtesy is still one of the maintain the right to edit for brevity
Help Save My Home ® eee aen ue oe) called civilized world. People refer to mov- great human principals. Besides, peopleof |. nd clarit
techniques and services allow for a free consultation. ies more than books when referencing a European descent still control the mass | 2 y:
particular topic. Even credible scHolars may media and can literally assassinate the char- The Los Angeles Sentinel

IN AMERICA
IT TS
ALL
GOOD

la

RAYMOND REDDRICK BUILDING

(Vintage, 608 pages, $12.95)

D PCC Cc |
Published in 1952, Ellisons Invisible Man shared a title = D I CATE B O N A M P U S
and mission of social commentary with H. G. Wells
satire of the previous century. Invisible Man has been
for many reasons an enduring American presence,
Ellisons nameless protagonist is invisible not through his
Own agency but precisely because people refuse to see
him. This depiction of societal invisibility is haunting in
light of the paradoxical hypervisibility and invisibility of
the black segment of American society.

On Sunday, November 16, Pitt

Community College dedicated its
newest building on campus to Mr.
Raymond Reddrick, Jr., Chairman

ood

The Fire Next Time

of the Pitt Community College
By James Baldwin . .
(Vintage, 128 pages, $9.95) Board of Trustees. Friends, family
and co-workers gathered at a
Baldwins contribution to American society may well be .
his delineation of both the possibilities and limits of ceremony which honored the many
. years of service given to the Pitt
turing the other check. He is nothing if not a frank ;
Practitioner of tough love, his essays telling the country County community by Mr. Reddrick.

and the people he cherishes how it really is: And |
know, which is much worse, and this is the crime of
which | accuse my country and my countrymen, and
for which neither | nor time nor history will ever forgive
them, that they have destroyed and are destroying
hundreds of thousands of lives and do not know it and
do not want to know it.

The 44,718 square foot building will house
Classrooms, computer labs, and offices. The portrait
shown at left will hang in the lobby of the building.

It is an honor for Pi , }
Their Eyes Were Watching God an honor for Pitt Commupity College Ts Board 4

ri

By Zora Neale Hurston of Trustees, students, faculty,
(Perennial, 244 pages, $13.95) staff, and alumni to recognize
Called by June Jordan the protatypical black novel of Raymond Reddrick, Jr. Ts service
affirmation, Un Eyes Were Walching oo) describes to his profession as an educator
among other things, the colorism and classicism that ;
divide black gommunities as well as the bedrock of faith and an active community leader
and hope that unites them. The novel tells of Janie with the dedication of the Pp f ; l
Crawfords self-discovery, with otherworldly elements ; cee, Community College
woven throughout a physical journey that takes her Raymond Reddrick Building. "
through the swamps of Flotida, very much grounded in
this world. \ "___ |

a

5 Tips on
Making
College
Affordable

The rising cost of tuition has
put many families in a bind. A
Suryey conducted by the National
Asfociation of State Universi-
tiest and Land Grant Colleges
found that tuition at public insti-

A sampling of Jim Crow laws from
various states: .

@ [The County Board of Education}
Shall provide schools of two kinds: those
for white children and those for colored
children. Texas, ;

- Books shall not be interchangeable
Jetween the white and colored schools,
ut shall continue to be used by the race
frst-using them. North Carolina,

@ The state librarian is directed to fit

tutions increased in 37 of the
States that responded. In Arizona,
California and New York all sur-
veyed schools reportéd in-state
tuition increases of at least 20
percent. Tuition at the State Uni-
versity of New York has in-

creased by 30 percent and at the

University of California by as
much as 40 percent over last fall Ts
levels. .

While all parents want the
best education for their children,
financial constraints can bea bur-
den on the long-term investment
in their-child Ts education. How-
ever, with diligent planning,
families can work together to
develop solutions to this prob-
lem and be able to afford the best
education for their children. Ray
Loewe, college planning expert
and advisory board member for
the GE Center for Financial
Learning, offers the following
tips on college planning and ways
to make the transition back to
school more affordable.

* While tuition costs are on
the rise, interest rates for paying
back college loans will drop to
an all-time low. It Ts good news
to those already paying off loans
or who will start paying in the
near future. According to oThe
Chronicle of Higher Education, �
someone with $25,000 in debt
could save about $5,000 in 20
years if he or she consolidates at
this rate.

* Students should try and find
a part-time job. Jobs offered ona

'| college campus are ideal because

employers know from the outset
that they Tre hiring college stu-
dents with their irregular sched-
ules, tests and exams. They know
that education is a priority and
are usually more forgiving as a
result.

* Many parents think that sav-
ing for college will just disqualify
a student from getting financial
aid. The actual fact is that in-
come most often keeps students
from qualifying for financial aid,
not their assets. At the same time
saving for education is an in-
vestment.

* There are four types of fi-
nancial aid: scholarships, grants,
loans and work-study employ-
ment. Colleges are not created
equal regarding financial aid.
Become familiar with your
college Ts financial aid packages.

* Apply for a loan. Loans are
financial aid available to both
parents and students. They are:
subsidized by the federal or state
government, financial institu-
tions or the college and may have
lower interest rates than regular
loans. Generally, you do not start
paying back these loans until af-
ter college graduation.

There are many ways to pre-
vent future financial hardships
that can arise from paying for
education, but having a plan is
crucial. Web sites such as the GE
Center for Financial Learning
(www. financiallearning.com) can
help you and your family take
action tO ensure an easy and
trouble-free return to school each
semester.

Courtesy of ARA Content

up and maintain a separate place for the
use of the colored people whomay-come
to the library for the purpose of reading
books or periodicals. North Carolina.

@ The marriage of a white person
with a negro or mulatto or person who
shall have % or more of negro blood,
shall be unlawful and void. Mississippi.

elative, or other white person in this

Ny white child, by right of quardianship,
atural or acquired, or otherwise, to
ispose of, give or surrender such white
hild permanently into the custody, con-
ol, maintenance, or Support, of a ne-
f0. South Carolina.

@ Any negro man and white woman,
t any white man and negro woman,
tho are not married to each other, who

all habitually live in and occupy in
; nighttime the same room shall each

punished by imprisonment not ex-
geding 12 months, or by fine not ex-
eeding $500. Florida.

@ There shall be ... separate [hospi-
il entrances for white and colored pa-
ents and visitors, and such entrances
hall be used by the race only for which
rey are prepared. Mississippi.

@ No person or corporation shall re-
uire any white female nurse to nurse
1 wards or rooms in hospitals, either
wublic or private, in which negro men are
Maced. Alabama.

@ No colored barber shall serve as a
larber (to) white women or girls. Geor-
lia.

@ It shall be unlawful to conduct a
estaurant or other place for the serv-

VOT

RALPH

COUNTY COMMS LR
" SEAL:
oKeep Love On

@ Vos

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aX 9 Ki f

Cd a
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28

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4
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Jim Crow,
Chapter and Verse

@ It shall be unlawful for any parent, -

itate, having the control OF custody of -

troops are available. North Carolina,

ing of food in the city, at which white and
Colored people-are served in the same
room, unless such white and colored
persons are effectually separated by a
Solid partition extending from the floor ;
upward to a distance of 7 feet or higher, -
and unless a separate entrance from
the street is provided for each com-
partment. Alabama.

@ The warden shall see that the white
Convicts shall have separate apartments
for both eating and sleeping from the ne-
QFO convicts. Mississippi.

@ Every employer of white or negro
males shall provide for such white or ne-
Qro males reasonably accessible and �
Separate toilet facilities, Alabama.

@ The Corporation Commission is
hereby vested with power and author-
ity to require telephone companies tO
maintain separate booths for white and
Colored patrons when there is a de-
mand for such separate booths. Okla- 5

homa. . .

@ It shall be unlawful for any amateur ;
white baseball team to play baseball on S \
any vacant lot or baseball diamond |
within two blocks of a playground de- T
voted to the Negro race, and it shall be
unlawful for any amateur colored base-
ball team to play baseball in any vacant =
lot or baseball diamond within two i
blocks of any playground devoted to i
the white race, Georgia.

@ It shall be unlawful for a negro
and white person to play together or in
company with each other at any game
of pool or billiards. Alabama,

@ All circuses, shows and tent exhi-
bitions to which the attendance of ..
more than one race is invited or ex-
pected to attend shall provide for the FS
convenience of its patrons not less than |
two ticket offices with individual ticket
Sellers, and not less than two entrances
tothe said performance, with individual
ticket takers and receivers, Louisiana,

@ The white and colored militia shall
be separately enrolled, and Shall never
be compelled to serve in the sattié Tor-
ganization. No organization of colored
troops shall be permitted:where white

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CMTE 4 the flu?

i 7

Brody School of Medicine

m | TA
Tl t Center @ 7

Need help?

Many people in Pitt County and surrounding
communities are sick with the flu. Complica-
tions from the influenza virus can cause serious
health problems. If you or a member of your
family has flu symptoms, you should contact
your family doctor at once.

Physicians East Urae

Pant a, he 1 ote |
a 355-4357

Symptoms of flu include fever, coughing and
sneezing, joint aches and headache, fatigue

Pitt County Memorial Hospital
and sinus congestion. 77

HealthDirect @ 847-2275
- If you don Tt have a family doctor, you can get

help from one of the medical resources listed
at the right.

WileTa lB) rt GS RADHA
feel Oligsla thd at Vivi

This information is provided as a public service
by your local physicians, Pitt County Memorial
Plospital and the Brody School of Medicine
who are working together to make sure you
Bet the care you need during this flu season.

fale PC MH a aalsigel

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210 Manieono Ro. Ovo Hwy, 264
Fanmvnis, NC 278628

SAEs CONSULTANT

(252) 753-7700
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Pitt County Memoria HospitTau
University Health Systems of Eastern Carolina m

www.uhseast.com

Pitt County Memorial Hospital is part of University Health Systems of Eastern Carolina, which includes community hospitals, physician Practices, home health
and other independently operated health services. University Health Systems is affiliated with the Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University,

February 2004 Page 12

AFRO Fila Probe

Anyone who believes that
the civil rights movement can
be relegated to tlie oBlack his-
tory � of a generation ago
should pay close attention to
the Legislative Report Card on
the 108th Congress that was
released last week by the
NAACP.

They will learn that
America is at a crossroads. We
still have a long road to travel
before this nation reaches othe
right side of history. �

The contrast between the
political parties revealed by the
NAACP Ts evaluation was strik-
ing. The association's civil
rights analysis of critical
Senate and House votes gave
failing grades to all but one
member of the controlling
Republican majority.

The good news was that 221
Democratic members of the
Senate and House received As

ELIJAH E. CUMMINGS

NAACP Ts highest civil rights
- It is clear, however, that the

Congress remains deeply divid-
ed on civil rights issues, both

as to the nation Ts goals and the .
~ means that we must undertake

to achieve them.

_ oThis proved to be one of
the most divisive terms in leg-
islative history between the
hard-right wing and the pro-
gressives on Capitol Hill, � the
NAACP Ts Hilary Shelton
observed about the ongoing
civil rights struggle.

When forced to explain to
their constituents about their
failing NAACP grades on civil
rights, those who have failed
often try to shrug off their fail-
ures by saying that the NAACP
has become a owing � of the
Democratic Party. That excuse,
however, rings hollow to those
who realize that the NAACP is

Ne

crossroads

recognized by. the U.S. govern- What is new about this gen-
ment as a politically non-parti- _eration Ts struggle for civil
san Organization; ~ fights is our unwavering deter-
What can be accurately said mination to forge a federal
about the ongoing political statutory framework that will
struggle in Washington is that advance our ohuman rights � by
the social and economic objec- transforming them into civil
tives of the 21st century civil _ rights guaranteed by law.
rights movement have become The legislative objectives of
far more expansive and con- the Congressional Black,
crete than they were a half-cen- Hispanic, and Asian Pacific
tury ago. caucuses and our progressive
This is not to say that allies are mainstream, not radi-

The results of the NAACP Ts assessment revealed a

critical divide. That is why, as much as any
election year in our lifetime, voting has become a
moral and practical imperative, as well as our
most fundamental civil right. _

America has fully overcome
the legal inequities that contin-
ue to haunt our national con-
science.

The civil rights struggle
today remains intensely
focused upon guaranteeing
every American Ts voting rights,
protecting all Americans
against discrimination, provid-
ing universal and fair access to
our federal courts and assuring
that those who are chosen to
judge us will vigorously
defend our fundamental consti-
tutional guarantees.

oa

cal. They reflect fundamental
values about human rights that
most Americans share.

Most Americans, whatever
our background or political

_ affiliation, believe that children

deserve to be fed and receive a
good education, that sick and
injured people deserve medical
care, that homeless Americans
deserve shelter, and that every
adult who is willing and able
to work deserves a job that
pays a fair and living wage.
This is what most
Americans mean when we say

that we believe in ohuman The results of the NAACP Ts
rights. � assessment revealed a critical
It is hardly surprising, there- divide. That is why, as much as
fore, that these values fill the any election year in our life-
talk of Democrats and time, voting has become a
Republicans alike. moral and practical imperative,
However, the operative as well as our most fundamen-
question for American voters is _ tal civil right. .
this: When the chips are down, This election year, the quali-
who truly will owalk the walk � ty of our lives hangs in the bal-
toward concrete protection and "_ ance. The American people
advancement of our human cannot afford another debacle
rights? like the election that we were
forced to endure four years
ago.
We have witnessed the
results of that failure.
oGive us the ballot, � Dr. «
King declared during the 1957
Prayer Pilgrimage for
Freedom, oand we will send to
the sacred halls of Congress

That, I believe, is the ques-
tion that the NAACP Ts

Legislative Report Card was

designed to answer.

When Americans examine
the issues upon which their
elected representatives were
evaluated by the NAACP, they
will quickly realize that the
report card was focused on
practical issues that are central
to our everyday lives, critical

g Votes in Congress on education

funding, health care, housing,
workers T rights, budget policy
and tax equity:

men [and women] who will not
sign a southern manifesto
because of their devotion to the
manifesto of justice. �

The NAACP Ts message to
America in our time is equally
compelling and clear. "

We have reached another
crossroads in our continuing
struggle for civil rights. Now is
the time for each American to
stand up for what is right.

Rep. Elijah E. Cummings, a
Democrat, represents
Maryland's 7th Congressional
District and chairs the
Congressional Black Caucus.

* To buy, rent, or sell real estate,

Call the D. D. Garrett Agency.
"Since 1946"

Call us if you need someone to

T collect your rent and manage

* your property.

Several nice building lots.

We handle conv., hud, va,

fha fiancing. Consultant -------

Notary Public

606 Albemarle Avenue
__ Greenville, NC 27834
(252) 757-1692 or (252) 757-] 162
18

History Makers, ;
Pictured Outside the WOOW studio, Brothers Joe Louise Daniels, Jeff Daniels, and
mey Robert White, stop by to discuss the current events of Pitt County. These
Brothers are. true history makers and the Minority, Voice. Salutes

photo by Jim Rouse Fax number: (252) 757-00 ==
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,

By JENNIFER BIHM
__» Sentinel Staft Writer

oWe (black Americans) must
develop a new attitude toward life, �
osays businessman-turned-author,
Dr. Romeo L. Taylor with more
than a hint of passion and frustra-
tion. oEducation is our only hope
for survival. � This is the reason for
Exposed: True Black History as it
Has Never Been Taught, he explains
of his debut literary effort.
Exposedisa 278-page historical
reference revealing sources of in-
formation not commonly pre-
, Sented to black students or the black

Community in general. With con-
crete and reputable Sources in each
chapter, Taylor disproves the gen-
eral consensus by other races around

the world that black people demon-_
Strate sub par intelligence, are lazy

and basically'non-productive. More
than a few blacks, he Says, were
inventors, scientists, mathemati-
Cians and even U.S. presidents (sur-
prise!). . .

oOver the years our intelligence
has been challenged, lies have been
told, � he says. oI Tm just angry that
a lot of black educators didn Tt (and
still don Tt) stand up against the sys-
tem and teach the facts. � Besides

The Minority Voice
Proudly Salutes
Black History Month

aiming to correct the perception of
blacks around the world, with Ex-
posed, Taylor says he wants to bring
to light the atrocities experienced
by blacks at the hands of whites
especially. Other races, he says
make sure that their stories are told
and never forgotten. They have

fought and won reparations and

compensation for their suffering.
Black suffering, however has
often been romanticized in televi-

sion, movies and textbooks, creat-.

ing a sense of apathy by most in the
community.and making the case for
reparations hard to present. As one
activist put it, o(Taylor Ts) book rep-
resents the best evidence and proof
that reparations are owed to black
people for 400 years of forced free
labor and the atrocities they were
forced to accept. � Part of this evi-
dence is presented in a gruesome
photographic section showing hang-
ings, burnings and other torture ad-

ministered to blacks in all its ugli-.

ness throughout the years.
Finally, Taylor says, oI want to

Se ee "

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Phone: (252) 752-0520
Fax (252) 752-0580

, f eo ~~
DE.

Mon - Fri 9 -§

WILL DIXON
Sat 10-2

i
il es

DR. ROMEO L. TAYLOR

let black adults, who are discour
aged know that its never too late

pick yourself up and realize you
dreams. � Blacks are intelligen
_ (stats in his book show how, witt
* Opportunities, black childrer
ooutscored others on standardized

tests), they are hard workers apd
have and still do contribute much to

_ Society, he emphasizes.

The information presented in

-, Exposed has been available for more
~ than 40 years, says Taylor. How-
| ever he has done the work of com-

piling it into an easy-to-read paper-

back in which he cites all of his
sources, leading readers to Study
the facts more in depth. This is a
good book for those who are less

f . likely to pick up one. Although it is
__ Classified as a reference book, the .
language isn Tt cumbersome mak-

~- ing it more palatable to the young

as well as the old. Exposed: True
Black History as it Has Never Been
Taught (ISBN: 0-9639907-1-3) is
available at Eso Won Books, or by |
calling (310) 693-0096.

senueameuiamons

Dr. King Ts concept of osomebodiness, � which s
and the conquest of subjugation, gave blac

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Martin Lathe

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ymbolized the celebration of human worth
k and poor people hope and a sense of dignity.

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004 Page 14