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The Minority Voice

February 8-February 15, 2002

Serving Eastern North Carolina Since

Sexual Exploitation Of Children In Kenya

NAIROBI, Kenya (PANA)-They
come in droves, arriving in
Nairobi as early as 6:30 p.m. and
Strategically position themselves
along major city thoroughfares,
ready for busienss

They are all dressed to kill, and
though barely 12 years old. they
know their act and their customers
very well.

Others, like Jane. who will
celebrate her ninth birthday in
January, comes in town very early
in the morning in the company of
a woman she simply refers to as
oAuntie? and whose business is
begging in the central business
district

She sits a few meters trom her
Auntie. chatting endlessly with
other girls. When an opportune
time comes. it only takes a nod
trom Auntie who had a hurried
conversation with a man minutes
earlier, and the young girl and the
man go off to an
destination.

\ good number of them are also
housed in) NairobiTs upmarket
housing estates by their oemplov-
ers,? mostly the rich Kenyans and
foreigners alike. where they seve
their clienteles for a fee
Down at the coastal tourist resort
city of Mombasa, the situation is
no diflerent. as beach boys and
virls are slowly turning them-
selves into sex slaves. transform-
ing the beautitul tourist
destination and a family get away
resort center, into a commercial
SCN center

undiscloses

onee

Welcome to the world of child
sevual exploitation inT Kenya. a
topic Which government officials
in the country concede ts vet to be
adequately addressed

Officials of the ChildrenTs
Deparment describe it as the use

HERITAGE HONORED BY
EVENTS

By Jana Clances
The Daily Reflector

East Carolina University has
slated events throughout February
to commemorate Black History
Month and African-American
firsts

The Ledonia Wright Cultural
Center on the ECU campus is
sponsoring the events in conjunc-
tion with student organizations,
university departments and the
Greenville Museum of Art.

oThe reason we do this is to
promote awareness of the richness
of the African-American culture
and heritage.? Nell Lewis, cultural
center director, said.? And to
celebrate the contributions of
African-Americans to our soci-
ety.?

Events begin on Monday with an
opening reception at the Cultural
Center and end Feb. 28 with a
candlelight vigil at the steps of
Joyner Library. -

Each year, major events are
planned to highlight the unique
experiences and traditions of di-
verse populations on campus,
officials said. The cultural center
and ECU's Diversity Cross-
Cultural Communications
Committee sponsor and observe
university groups, such as the deaf
population by having Deaf

of children for sexual purposes in
exchange for cash or in kind or
favors between a customer or
agent who benefit or profit from
the trade in children.

oThe use of a child for sexual
purposes or child prostitution is
real and attaining alarming pro-
portions in Kenya, but many
people shun away from this topic
and wish it away.? Adelaide
Ngaru. a senior childrenTs officer
in the ministry of home. affairs
told PANA.

Ngaru conceded that the cases of
child exploitation in Kenya were
rampant, explaining that they
Were rampant. explaining that
they were not limited to only
seNual intercourse but could also
be viewed against backdrops of
child labor, child marriages and
female genital mutilation. or
PMG

Ngaru also singles out the child
sevual exploitation menace at the

Kenyan coastT where well-run
cartels operate

She says the cartel, which
Operates with expert precision,

has a string of clients both local
and foreign who top their holiday
with what is referred to as sex
tourism

The well-organized group con-
sisting of pimps of both sexes also
participate in child pornography
and vigorously market it abroad.
A good number of tourists. mostly
from central Europe, have time
and again fallen for the ploy and
always book the next flight to

Kenya

Nearu says the root causes of
this evil in Kenya are. illiteracy.
abjectT poverty, HIV/AIDs and
retrogressive cultural practices
such as FMG and vender discrimi-
nation

Heritage Week

In support of all cultures. the
center and the committee con-
ducted a Multicultural Holiday
Open House in December. The
committee also plans to focus on

womenTs health issues as part of

WomenTs History Month

African-American firsts was

chosen as the theme for Black
History Month. An appearance by
Herman Boone, whose experi-
ences as a Virginia football coach
provided inspiration for the film
oRemember The Titians.? is the
Signaiure event to highlight and
recognize black achievement in
the United States.

Boone is known for uniting the
.C. Williams High School foot-
ball team. The team was devel-
oped when three schools were
integrated. Boone was hired as
head coach for the Titans and was
chosen above a coach from a
successful all-white school. He
previously coached at the all-
black E.J. Hayes High School in
Williamston.

Racial tension provided obsta-
cles, but Boone led the team to a
13-0 record and the state champi-
onship title in 1971. Academy
Award-winner Denzel Washington
portrayed Boone in the film.
Though retired, Boone travels
nationwide for speeches and pres-
entations.

oBoone is our signature event
because of what he did to bring
together the Titans football team
and community,? Lewis said. oHe
would be one to understand what
it is like to break barriers in order
to reach a common goal.

o| wanted someone who can
relate to being a first (in black
history),? she said. oHe is the
kind of motivated person that can
influence young people to keep a
steady spirit...no matter what the
odds.?

Boone will be on campus
Saturday. He-.is the special guest
for a dinner in the Mendenhall
Student Center and will speak at
8:15p.m. in the Hendrix Theater.
Tickets for the dinner cost $20:

admittance to the speech is $5.

February 8 - February 15 2002

©

Judge Janice Cole Campaigns For Eva Clayton's Old Seat

Shown above from left to right is long-time resident. D D. Garrett. a Juvenile ¢

Zion Church. Judge Janice Cole is the Federal Judge of the Eastern District

Our

Clergy, congregation fight for
rights over children, religion
By: Eric Ture Muhammad

The return of a 14-count indict-
ment on Jan. 18, against Rev
Arthur Allen, Jr. and 10 members
of his northwest Atlanta House of.
Prayer Church has laid the
groundwork for a landmark court
case that will debate the use of
corpora! punishment on children,
parental rights, abuse of power
and religious authority.

Fulton County District

Attorney Paul Howard, who an-
nounced the indictments. called
the congregation's alleged punish-
ment of their children severe and
eXtreme This is not normal
whipping,? he said. "These are
severe and extreme beatings. We
think that is a clear sign of
demarcation.? Mr. Howard said.
The indictment charges the mem-
bers of the church with aggra-
vated assault) and cruelty to
children. If convicted, they can
serve a maximum of 20 years in
prison. Rev. Allen
congregation is innocent of the
DA's charges and the facts of the
case have been grossly exagger-
ated. Like any loving parent,
parishioners want only the best
for their children, said Rev. Allen

savs_ his

The saga began in February
2001, when a White teacher
called the state Division of Family
and Children Services (DFACS),
reporting she found othin red
marks" on two children tn her
classroom. It is unclear whether
the teacher spoke with other
school officials before making the
call to DFACS; however. the
incident escalated into possibly
the largest one-time seizure of
children in state history. A total
of 49 children --- all Black ---
were removed from schools,
homes and church grounds. They
were placed in Atlanta-area deten-
tion centers pending hearings.
Rev. Allen and some church
members were arrested the fol-
lowing month and charged with
conspiring to commit cruelty to
children. Those charges were
dropped as children were sent
back home to their parents.
According to the accountants
of the children, shared exclusively
with The Final Call, they were
harrassed, brutalized, and threat-
ened by DCFAS workers, Atlanta
Police, and male detention center
supervisors. oThey pulled me off
the couch and threw me to the
floor,? recalled 14-year old Diana
Frazier. She along with her
brother Quentin, were removed

Children

from their home by DCFAS and
Atlanta police in a fashion com-
pared to a nighttime military raid
oThey twisted my arms around my
back, put handcuffs on me and
placed their Knees in my face anc
my back.? she said. recalling how
her face was banged into the
ground as she pleaded for help
from her parents. Her brother.
handled in a= similar fashion.
received a busted lip and bruised
to his torehead

Both alleged constant use of
abusive language by officers han-
dling them, while in the squad car
and in the detention center. They
said they asked the officers to
refrain from the foul language.
saying their parents did not use
such language around them. The
officers became more abusive.
directing their insults at the par-
ents, said Diana and Quentin

In recent months. DFACS has
come under fire for their handling
of the children, resulting in
disciplinary action against case-
workers. Calls placed to DFACS
spokesman Andy Boisseau by The
Final Call were not returned
Some of the children. who re-
ceived similar treatment as offi-
cers removed them from homes
ahd schools. were charged with
assaults against police. resisting

arrest and one was charged with
trespassing after he was pulled
from his own home.

The children spoke of horrible
conditions in the Metro-Atlanta
detention center for youth
Roaches and rodents were
throughout the facility. they said
Bugs were frequently found in
food and as they showered, the
children charged, male supervi-
sors would come in and watch.

"They would not let us talk to
our parents, so my brother would
sneak out to cal! them and tell
them how we wanted to come
home. We know we cone from
good homes,? Diana Frazier.

"In some cases, DFACS is
needed, ? said Sharon Duncan,
who along with her husband
David, is named in the indictment
"Some children are in abusive
situations, but not our children.
Our children are in two-parent
homes. Homes that are loving,
clean and where the children are
kept fed," she said. oThese are
happy, well mannered, well ad-
justed children who did not need
rescuing by DFACS. They need
to be rescued from DFACS,? she
said. The couple will appear in
juvenile court later this month,
fighting to maintain custody of
their children, some of whom

remain in state custody

In an appearance betore the
juvenile court. parents were told
they could have their children
back. if they Would agree to onl)
hand-spank the children The
pastor was also asked to cease
performing marriages of couple
as Yeung as }
pastor and parents retused all the
proposals. They look forward to
their day in court

"When the DFACS workers and

Atlanta police came oul to arrest
our children, why did thes slam
them to the floor, twist their arms
around their backs and brutalize
them?? asked Rev. Allen) "Why
didn't they just hand-spank them.
like the judges said and tell them
to get into the van. If that is the
method he wants us to use, why
did not be instruct them to use 1?"
he said

The pastor, and many in the
commuity, see the move on the
pastor and congregation as racist
and politically motivated. A
recent poll conducted by an
Atlanta-based CBS-television af-
filiate found 74 percent of those
polled favored the pastor's actions

b4-vears old The

ELIZABETH CITY STATE
UNIVERSITYSQLUMNI
""

Pom

Elaine_HOpkins, Class of *68 of
Elizabeth City University, is busy
with the recruitment effons to
reunite the 60's class As a
member of the 60°s Decade
Planning Committee, Elaine. spe-
cifically. is helping to co-chair the
plans of bringing together the
class of °68 by Homecoming
2002. :

While enjoying early retirement.
Elaine frequently travels to the
campus of her alma mater for
numerous alumni affairs

In addtion to serving as co-chair
for the 60°s Decade Reunion, she
was recently appointed to the
Board of Directors of the General
Alumni Association. She is a
longtime member of the General
Alumni Awards Banquet and the
Homecoming Committee.

Free

ourt Juve. Judge Janice Cole and the Paster of A \f

Photo by Jim Rouse

and belies ed the

been misrepresented

parents have

Corporal punishment, the beating
of childredn. ts not eval
Georgia as a disciplin too
Since integration, said Revs. Allen
it has been discouraged in the

chool system because Whites di
not want Blig) chers beating
their children He alse aid

church beatings of children were
not only extremely rare. but were
used as a last resort. Armed with
biblical references, the congreg.
tion defends the right to discipline
its children. referring to corpora
punishment as an act of love

"It our children were so
in the homes, why were they seen
throughout = national " television
While being grabbed and snatched
by DFACS workers and police
pleading to stay home? If thes
were abused they'd be happy to
leave.? said indicted parent David

abused

Wilson The case has received
national and international atten-
tion, as well as support trom

clergies around the counin

"Faith is not our strength.? he
said. oOur Strength is found in the
power of God

Locally, she ts serving as record-
ing secretary of the Eva J. Lewi
Alumni Chapter of ECSU. Sc
of her community
include being a member of the
Millinnium Committee
committee of the City Council
and a member of her sororits

Most importantly 1s the life
Elaine shares with neighboring
friends and especially family and
her church family at Cornerstone
Missionary Baptist Church

Elaine feels that being a former
educator tends to qualify one to be
a lifetime teacher. Therefore. she
expects to retrun to the classroon
again this year as a tutor for the
end of grade testing.

Meanwhile, she continues a
vived search for ECSU alums who
will commit to the tremondous
task on the campus of her alma
mater.

nvoiwemenl

(sulh-

oPOWER OF URBAN RADIO SYNPOSIUM?

Shown above is M'Bula Rouse, Vice-President of WOOW Radio
Station/Minority Voice Newspaper. She is posing for the M\.)
camera along with oInspirations Across America? host Walt oBaby?

Love.

nag dneag eutl

"

Epmoriais tit

A i i eae ae
pee. See ed a
EY

#

Jesse Jackson urges more
emphasis on economics

ather than put so much empha-

sis on Dr. Martin Luther KingTs

o| Have A Dream? and oITve

Been to the Mountaintop?

speeches, African-Americans
should focus on the central message of his
last speech - economic empowerment, says
the Rev. Jesse L. Jackson Sr.

oI was with him when he gave his last
speech,? Jackson notes in an interview. oIn
that particular speech, he described in detail
the economic challenge-the use of econom-
ic leverage and boycotts to bring about
change.?

In his last speech, given April 3, 1968,
at Masonic Temple in Memphis, King
said: oNow the other thing we'll have to
do is this: Always anchor our external di-
rect action with the power of economic
withdrawal.

o...We donTt have to argue with any-
body. We donTt have to curse and.go
around acting bad with our words. We
donTt need any bricks or bottles, we donTt
need any Molotov cocktails, we just need
to go around to these stores, and to these
massive industries in our country and say,
God sent us by here, to say to you that
you're not treating us right. And weTve
come by here to ask you to make the first
item on our agenda fair treatment, where
GodTs children are concerned. Now, if
youTre not prepared to do that, we do have
an agenda that we must follow. And our
agenda calls for withdrawing economic
support from you.T?

Jackson established Rainbow/PUSH
CoalitionTs Wall Street Project five years
ago. It is designed to improve job opportu-
nities for African-Americans on Wall Street,
increase the number of Blacks on corporate
boards, increase the amount of money spent
with firms owned by people of color and
expand the amount of business Blacks do

with each other.

oThe Wall Street Project picks up that
(KingTs) tradition - the use of economic
leverage for liberation,? Jackson says.

According to Jackson, of $8.5 billion
earned in Wall Street commissions last year,
less than 1 percent-$14.9 million-was
earned. by African-Americans.

oEven if we got 10 percent, which is our
goal, thatTs $850 million that we would be
able to control and leverage,? Jackson ex-
plains. oOnce you get that money, youTre
able to leverage that money, the boards and
the corporationTs policies.?

In addition to focusing on Wall Street,
Jackson says he and other ministers are or-
ganizing 1,000 churches in the top SO mar-
kets to become more of an economic force.
The project, o1,000 Churches Connected?
was announced last October. Several
groups, including the Citigroup Foundation
and Freddie Mac, have each donated $1
million or more to the project in direct cash
or products.

oThe vast majority of our people are in
debt,? Jackson says. oWe do not spend pru-
dently. We buy cars and rent houses, use
credit cards as a substitute for money, fall
for the payday loan schemes and try to bail
out with lotto tickets. So teaching economic
literacy is important.?

Jackson has routinely been criticized for
not following up on many of his programs.
But he says that wonTt be a problem with
this project.

oWeTre teaching mass economic literacy,?
he says. oTwo, weTre going to leverage
stock in key corporations and, three, weTre
going to increase demands on companies to
let us in or face the economic conse-
quences.?

(Guest editorial by George E. Curry,
NNPA Editor-in-Chief.)

An enlightened education
bill, posturing politicians

nherent to the idea of education are

principles of enlightenment, edifica-

tion and human progress that are far

detached from, and deeply inimical

to, the smoke-filled rooms, compro-
mises and besotted intoxication that politi-
cal power gives to those who would govern
us.

So while we welcome President BushTs
signing the $26.5 education reform legisla-
tion, we lament all the political thunder,
posturing and self-congratulation surround-
ing it.

The bill-signing show advertised a grin-
ning, placated opposition leader, Sen. Ted
Kennedy, along with recollections of the
tempestuous debate between conservatives
of BushTs Republican Party versus its liber-
als and it featured political theater in which
everyone got in the act to celebrate what
was hoped to be a big overhaul of our pub-
lic schools.

That peripheral stuff denigrated what the
new law is intended to accomplish in its en-
couragement and funding of intellectual de-
velopment and personal fulfillment " the

joys of the life of the mind.

Were the political job done quietly, in the
tradition of the academy, where thought, not
theater, is paramount, our youngsters might
embrace scholarship more ardently and
more seriously.

Were the politicians photographed in li-
braries, not in rallies, more minds might be
cast toward the joys that come from learn-
ing new things.

Were there less political gloating and
chest thumping, the idea of being a student
in class or in life-long learning situation,
might be elevated above that of a TV spot.

Yet, while the process was sullied a little,
much of it was admirable.

The presidentTs wife and former teacher,
Laura Bush was credited with giving impe-
tus to the legislation. It contains enlightened
provisions such as a ban on discrimination
against homosexuals and absence of support
for school vouchers. .

More importantly, it commits serious
money to our youngstersT education and

growth. ThatTs putting our money where our.

childrenTs future is.

The resurgence of
religion in America

ccording to a new survey, reli-
gioh is making a comeback in
America " nearly eight in 10
of us say religionTs influence in

. American life is growing, the
highest number since surveys first asked the
question in 1957. A survey by the Pew Re-
search Center for its Forum of Religion and
Public Life found that more than 50 percent
of Americans have agreed with that view
since March " months before the terrorist
attacks of Sept. 11.

The nationwide survey of 1,500 Ameri-
cans also found that considerably more
Americans view U.S. Muslims more favor-
an partly because of a parade of public
officials who have distinguished between

f

the religion and the political acts of terror-
ists.

That falls in line with a growing grass
roots movement across the U.S. to defy the
Supreme Court ruling prohibiting school
prayer and the placement of religious sym-
bols n public buildings.

We concur with the court that there
should be a line drawn between religious
symbolism and displays in public facili-
ties, but it seems beneficial that America
is finally getting back to its theological
roots. .

In the wake of Sept. 11 and to carry us
through this current battle with terrorism,
faith may be just what we need to pull
through as a nation.

COMMENTS

Yes, the revolution
is still going on today

by Chris Stevenson

here is a faction of Black youth

who are involved wich criminal

behavior " in particular murder-

ing other Blacks who derive their

inspiration from rappers who utter
hard-core lyrics.

The rappers themselves are mostly in de-
nial of this claiming that they are only saying
what they have seen or know what is happen-
ing on the streets "just art imitating life, as
they would have you to believe.

This may have been true before the early
90Ts, given the overall drop in the crime rate
around the nation, followed by increased
homicides in cities like Buffalo. Could we be
seeing a reverse effect? Life imitating art?

As the saying goes, too much of anything
isnTt good.

What these kids donTt know is that an old-
school guy, like myself, can see right through
their denials like glass. I know how perva-
sive media influence can be, whether itTs
news media or entertainment media.

I was alive when an experiment was done
on a small town back in the early 60Ts " the
town was crime-free until one household was
giverrd television set and the family and
some neighbors began watching the shows of
that era, which included crime dramas.

Soon afterward someone was shot. How
can this happen to a crime-free community?
Like I said, life imitating art. I was there when
Archie Bunker cleverly taught thousands of
non-Southern Whites to have racist sentiments
in the early 70Ts even while the showTs maker
claimed the Bunker character was devised to
make people see that prejudice was wrong.

Throughout the ages, fight songs have in-
spired armies to go to war. Ironically, many
of todayTs violent rappers were conceived by
parents listening to 60Ts and 70Ts music based
on love and peace, like Marvin, Earth Wind
& Fire, Smokey Robinson, etc.

When guys like Snoop Dogg and DMS in-
sist they are ogangsters,? itTs enough to make
me laugh. When they deny negative influ-
ence it makes me p""d. oGangster? to a
Black youth means killing " obeatdowns?.

For White ethnic gangs who long left the
comer, it means economic, political and com-
munity control. It seems the revolution is
dead, killed in a barrage of 80Ts and 90Ts in-
dividualism, crack cocaine and incompetent
baby-boom parents.

Rappers who encourage you; to fight each
other, instead of fighting the power are con-

sidered the oin-thing?. Songs like oCop
Killer? shook a nation and it made people
think Black youth were coming together.
Now thereTs oNigger Killer.?

The youth who do these senseless acts
claim that civil rights and Black power didnTt
work and that the only answer to Black suc-
cess they feel is to virtually disassociate your-
self from Blackness itself.

My woman, my sister, my Black
princess has become my oho, hoochie,
bitch,? a purposeful scheme to turn some-
thing into something ugly is underway and
new Style rappers, then-called ohard-core?
are at the forefront of this move toward
viewing dark skin as worthless and worth-
less behavior as cool.

Author Del Jones met with this growing
sentiment from Black youth in a bookstore,
in his book Black Holocaust 2000.

I remember some young college graduates
standing around in the Know Thyself Book-
store in Philly loudly proclaiming that my
generation failed theirs. Now here were the
immediate beneficiaries of the Civil Rights
and Black Power Movements clucking on
about failure.

How can they respect and emulate apoliti-
cal athletes and entertainers so much, yet
have no love for all of us who:have been
fighting our enemies in their behalf?

How can they not understand what it took
for Carter G. Woodson, George G.M. James,
Chancellor Williams, Garvey, Dubois,
Cinque, Ida B. Wells, Huey Newton " and
what about our political prisoners still locked
down because the system fears them?

None of these sacrificing soldiers of our
struggle were fighting for personal wealth or
fame, but were warriors who defended us and
took our race forward.

What these youths failed to realize (be-
cause many of us adults failed to teach them.
Some of us didnTt know ourselves) is that
revolution is ongoing, it doesnTt stop with the
death of one or two leaders. Like in most
ethnic cultures, itTs handed down.

ThatTs where we failed them, we handed
down everything that is of direct interest to
others, patriotism, Euro-Christian religion, etc.

When it comes time to hand down pride
and knowledge based on nothing more than
the dark tone on the back of your wrist, we
donTt want to think thatTs important enough.
We must get over this selfish, petty, waiting
for Black leaders to fall or fail and emulate
their example now.

(Stevenson is is a contributing writer)

America to

by Jay Thomas Willis

mericans speak of the Ameri-

can system as standing for

dignity, freedom, equality,

liberty and justice. They

speak of these among many
other positive abstract ideals as if they .
applied to all who live in America. We
talk about all the things America stands
for while Blacks are treated as second-
class citizens.

We know America has never lifted her
lamp besides the golden door for Blacks.
ItTs known that the government has never
completely stood of, for or by Black citizens.

In times of distress and crisis, conver-
sations occur about the oneed to unify?
and we say ounited we stand? while go-
ing about business as usual. Blacks are
constantly mistreated as if itTs normal to
do so, and in the same breath talk about
the need to unify.

We still say that individuals who donTt
support the government in times of crisis,
regardless of their reasons, are non-patri-
otic and should be looked upon with a
rerepingy eye. Are we expected to over-
ook our assigned second-class status?

This situation reminds one of a woman
or man who is abused or neglected by .
their spouse and as soon as they're told
by the spouse how much they love them,
things return to normal.

© matter how many times the man or
woman is abused or neglected they're ex-

America never was

Blacks

pected to stand by the spouseTs side and
swear their love and devotion. Blacks do
this often in their lives. They seem to be
expected to cooperate with this mistreat-
ment, while agreeing that there is liberty,
justice, equality and freedom for all.

Blacks continue to be the last hired and
the first fired. They constantly maintain
a rate of unemployment double that of
the national average. Part but not all the
reasons for the high unemployment rate
among Blacks are the inequalities in edu-
cational system.

They are almost 60 percent of the local,
state and federal correctional institutions,
because of not being given equal justice
through the criminal justice system.

A large proportion lives in substantial
housing. Many families live below the
poverty line. Many donTt get adequate
medical or dental care. ,

We are often redlined and canTt get jobs in
many cases, even on public works projects in
our own community. It too many cases we
have to deal with ojacked-up? prices when
buying cars or other products and when
we're fortunate enough to get loans. ItTs al-
most as if there's a te system set up for
slight, rjuion, cen end dct

ights, prejudices, racism iscrimi
tion; this historical and present treatment is
mostly to blame for our condition.

(Willis, the author of nine books, includ-
py hey latest, oFreeing the African
" is a contributor to the Tri-State

Defender)

T : ee YR UU

We have lost more
than we have gained

Dear Editor;

So many of our large companies have
moved, located in many countries around
the world that there is no need for oFast
Track? legislation to be passed. Globaliza-
tion of trade has already taken place. You
see it in the stores " a flood of items from
China but few things made in the USA or
elsewhere. All the while many tens of thou-
sands of jobs were lost in the textile indus-
tries across the rural South; and the country
as a whole. Many say we have lost far more
jobs than gained.

The term oFast Track? ought to be called
oFat Track? because just like Enron, the
few at the top get rich while those at lower
levels are stripped. The international banks

| and companies are looking to strip countries

of natural resources and pay the working
class as little as possible.

Worse yet, our beautiful rivers, shores,
forests, clean water and air that will be im-
periled by Fast Track. Fast Track will put a
number of environmental and labor issues
into the realm of being heard in the World
Trade Court. What allegiance does the
World Trade Court owe to our land, the pro-
tection of our clean water and clean air or
our citizens? How is it appointed and who
are they?

Out of 21 cases involving environmental
issues, World Trade Court decided only one
in favor of the environment. What are the
laws they go by? Could we afford the costs
of a lawyer trained and in practice before
the World Trade Court?

There is no democracy where there are
secrets, no real news coverage, and the
community of the common man is not in-
vited. For years the World Trade meetings
were held in secret and continue to be
held in secret " neither our politicians
nor national news media showing any
concern about that. Meanwhile, our sov-
ereignty over our beautiful land and labor
matters will be gone in the blink of an
eye " all for the creation of the wealth of
kings for those at the top of the biggest
corporations " with oFast Track.? LetTs
be like Paul Revere, tell everyone and
bend the ears of Senators who will vote
soon on this.

Gerry Scardo

March of Dimes:
Stop animal cruelty

Dear Editor;

The March of Dimes has declared Janu-
ary oBirth Defects Prevention Month.? Un-
fortunately, instead of funding only relevant
projects that might actually help prevent
birth defects, the March of Dimes wastes
money on cruel, worthless animal experi-
ments.

Perhaps if the charity spent more time
and money on important projects, such as
a National Birth Defects Registry, im-
proved prenatal care, and treatment for
pregnant women addicted to nicotine, al-
cohol, and drugs, the incidence of birth
defects would decline more rapidly. In-
stead, March of Dimes-funded experi-
menters have wasted millions of dollars
administering cocaine, alcohol, and nico-
tine to pregnant rats and newborn opos-
sums, even though we have known for
years that these substances can harm de-
veloping babies.

Other charities, including Easter Seals
and Birth Defect Research for Children, put
all their funds into programs that directly
benefit babies and never waste a penny on
cruel animal experiments.

People for the Ethical Treatment of Ani-
mals (PETA) encourages donors to walk
away from the March of Dimes and support
cruelty-free health charities instead. For
more information, visit
MarchOfCrimes.com.

Heather Moore,
Correspondent

HEARTSAVER
WANTED

FOR A COMMITMENT
FOR LIFE.

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required. Benefits
include the ability
to share critical
information with others
and perhaps save 4 life.
To learn more, call
1-877-AHA-4CPR or visit
www. americanheart.org-

oSBRUARY
Heart Month |

The Minority Voice February 7 - February 15 2002

tye ae

me oe

4
Black-Owned Luxury Resort
e é
To Open On Miami Beach Fabre Ere
Do you remember growing up in or visiting an old home such as the one pictured above. Old homes like this one are
(AP)}" A Black-owned luxury visiting South African leader a part of our African-American heritage and should not be forgotten. Some of us had little monev and a lot of love.
resort will open for business in Nelson Mandela in 1990. Check out the collard greens growing in the backyard. Photo By Jim Rouse
| Miami in February, the product Cuban-American leaders were
of a plan drafted by activists, angered by Mandela's support
| city officials and lodging execu- _of Fidel Castro, and Jewish Blue Lights in the BasementT comes of age in new year
tives that ended a Black tourist leaders were upset by his sup- :
boycott. port of Yasser Arafat and the sed a Lynch
The $84 million, 422-room Palestine Liberation 2 AHIRSTETS
Royal Palm Crowne Plaza is Organization. Periodically w 6
! y we come across pieces of literature that make us reme-nber oback i day?
made up of two Art Deco The boycott badly tarnished 0 entailed. The par-ies, the cloches, the music, your friends and the amnbiance--ofiewimes Wit ook sul
hotels, the old Royal Palm and Miami's reputation and cost the Nn ) this all together was the right mood light. Blue was one of the most prevalent hues used to | in ste
the Shorecrest, and blends county an estimated $20 mil- the vibe in these all-too-intimate settings. ° . leip establish
seamlessly with the beach's lion to $50 million. The city of - oBlue Lights in the Basement? is a coming-of-age book set in the turbulent °69s that ostems from the
other refurbished hotels. The Miami Beach loaned $10 mil- Of t d rd lac ite ightorhood | grow up in,? said its author, Juliet oSkeeter? Sandford. There were obstacles that all youns
hotel has already been booked "_lion for construction of the _.. boys and gitT s experienced during these times. It was a time of socia! change that tested the dynamics of
to host the NAACPTs 2003 con- _hotel. Peebles said that was Arrest Victims dhe Deeibiliy th Pi iral oat 0 ine many issues tha: arose. The one joining force of the time was
3 ut weekend party vou d be able to 5 & boy a a ntarily
oTeo " S : released from the realities of the time.? © fo see the Doy of your dreams ad be momentarily
The opening of our hotel . U rvive . According to Sanford, oBlue Lights in the Basement? has you trave ing through a time when innocence
allows Miami-Dade to say to increases. He has 25 years to Was al its c-ossroads. ItTs the Sixties, youTve been bitten by the love buy and the party is on. Allow
the African-American commu- ay it back, in addition to yourself to meet the wenderful characters and situations that are indicative of life in urban America, this
nity, locally and nationally, that $490,000 in annual rent, plus could ave been in Anywhere, USA. You will see urban America through the eyes of four teen-age girls
romi de and 20 percent of any gross over ASEAN AM aaa LIE growing up in the 60's, es
a promise was made ane a $17 million each year for the Ss The oblue lights in the basement party? was always a major event and it was oast approacaing. There
promise is being kept, said R. : y defibrillation can help wes nothing that would keep Jewel Sinclair (bright, motivated, 17 and black) and er friends Linda Harris
Donahue Peebles, president of N@xt ecade. : ival rat (aggre-sive). Teresa Lloyd (straightforward) and Joanne Wilson (Miss T ainks Her Complexion Is Her Tae
Peebles Atlantic Development The hotel will target groups increase survival rates. to Ride) away fron the festivities, despite what many considered bad times
Corp. and majority owner of the and leisure travelers from the Blue Lights in the Basement,? although dominated by female characters. is not gender specific in the
Royal Palm Crowne Plaza. Northeast, according to its sentiments i touches. Feelings of friendship, support, bonding and topetherness make this book a
| The developers say the Royal manager, Jesse Stewart. must-read. Sandford has captured the essence of the mood of those parties, back in the day. But also she
| Palm is the first Black-owned Peebles said he expects to reminds me of a time wen you didnTt have to question tiose you called friends - when family extended
ned, gross $30 milion the fst year beyond bloodline and meant the neighbors and the neighburhoou.
| full-service beach resort in the es thet despite th yen, Have you ever wanted to bz somewhere and didnTt know why? | wanted to be there in that basement
nation. ar Spite the economic with the blue light. It didnTt seem like such a bad place to come wf age. This book. although time specific
| Nationally, Black workers hold climate, average opening rates is reminiscent of ties that bind us to our fr:endst ips toclay - ves, in 2002 ic princi .
Vy, ps to.lay - ves, in 2002. Basic principles, based on honesty
| between 30 percent and 35 for his rooms will approach trust, fiope, determination, peace and love without conditions. are s timeless as oBlue Lights in the
percent of the industry's entry- $200 a night. Basement? being funneled through a small minority-owned business based in New York City, the package
feos Ags ape , rapressive. It is professionally presented and for that, kudos are in order. Loucmouth Entertainment &
; . ublishiing put some money tehind this neophvte, and it sows!
eve pees. said Andy " the most, with rack rates rang- i
| how otg ead of the National ing from $550 in the summer
| pane oe Black Hotel to $659 during the peak sea-
| cadthe and Developers.He son, Industry insiders say the
hack cre ot fewer than 60 hotel will easily draw a good
carat! i nine nations portion of the Black toursm American Heart
30,000 full-service hotel and = market, worth $36 billion last ? Aeeoeintion
just 36 of the countryTs 80,000 year "_"
ee ae llservce hotels oI's a good flag, a great
oni ha , along with address, an upscale brand that Po
SMANEr INNS. has a loyal following certainly Pa
Construction of the hotel was within the corporate market? shoe lasting machine invented by
central in a 20-point plan, said Scott Berman. a hos vital Jan Ernst Matzeliger, a black man.
co en Black tourist ty analyst. oBut recession or no CO a OR
a soe, lami in 1993 that recession, the first year of any
ad been triggered by city off- hotel operation is the most diffi
Cials' decision to not meet with " cyt?
| NAACPTS Kweisi Mfume named spokesperson for HIV/AIDS
: Awareness Day
2 a
National Black HIV/AIDS
Awareness Day set for Feb. 7
Washington, D.C. " The Dallas, Detroit, Chicago, with the NAACPTs mission of
leader of the nationTs oldest Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, protecting and enhancing civil
and largest civil rights New Orleans, New York, rights for African Americans
' organization has been named Oakland, Philadelphia, and other minorities.
as a spokesperson for raising Raleigh-Durham and oThe fight for equity and ie: .
awareness about the Washington, D.C. Community " equality for African Americans Norbert Rillieux, a black man |
HIV/AIDS epidemic in the based organizations in each includes health care,? Mfume invented a process that
African-American community. target city will organize press __ says. oThe NAACP Is | revolutionized sugar production.
Kweisi Mfume, president and conferences, town meetings committed to mobilizing our By Ye aaa
CEO of the National and rallies to focus attentionto _ people to fight the HIV/AIDS
Association for the the seriousness of the epidemic in the Black
Advancement of Colored HIV/AIDS epidemic among community,? Mfume declares.
: People will endorse and help African Americans. National Black HIV/AIDS
publicize Feb. 7 as National Additionally, free HIV testing | Awareness Day is a project of "
. ; . . . - leaning breakthrough
| Black HIV/AIDS Awareness will be offered on Feb. 7 at the Community Capacity Nerented by Thomas L Jennings, . lech man.

Day.
This will be the second

annual observance of National

Black HIV/AIDS Awareness
Day, a nationwide community
mobilization effort to
emphasize the HIV/AIDS
ostate of emergency? among
African Americans. The

designated sites in each of the
14 cities.

Kweisi Mfume joins an
impressive list of Black
leaders who have signed on as
National Black HIV/AIDS
Awareness Day spokespersons,
including radio show host Tom
Joyner and Congresswoman

Building Coalition, a coalition
of national organizations
funded by the Centers for
Disease Control through the
National Minority AIDS
Initiative to provide capacity
building assistance to
community based
organizations and stakeholders

objectives of National Black Maxine Waters. As a involved in HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS Day are to spokesperson, Mfume will prevention. The members of
encourage individuals to learn "_ publicize National Black the CCBC are Concerned
more about HIV/AIDS, to be HIV/AIDS Awareness Day Black Men, Health Watch
tested for the virus and to through personal appearances, "_ Information and Promotion
become involved in advocating media interviews and public Service, Mississippi Urban
for the resources to fight the service announcements. Research Center, National
disease. Support for an important Black Alcoholism and
National Black HIV/AIDS _ health initiative such as Addictions Council and the ie |.
Awareness Day will target 14 National Black HIV/AIDS National Black Leadership MGS ak.
cities, Atlanta, Baltimore, Awareness Day is in keeping = Commission on AIDS. Re hate . a et ad
T \ ,

passionate Apoh: embattled social
critic. He was harassed by the gov-
ernment and publicly reviled much
of his life, but his portrait ended up
on a U.S. postage stamp.

For those of'us who think of
him as a major figure of the 20th
century, it is a bit of a surprise to
realize that"like his almost exact
contemporary rumor.

Frank Lloyd Wright"the
sphinxlike and dazzlingly enigmatic
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois
(1868-1963) was already in his 30s
when the century began.

His was a long and fabulously
full life,. stretching from Recon-
struction to his death in African
self-exile on the day of the historic
March on Washington, when Mar-
tin Luther King delivered his stir-
ring oration oI have a dream.? Du
Bois was more of a quixotic prag-
matist than a dreamer.

Now, thanks to the indefati-
gable research, perceptiveness, and
brilliant writing of David Levering
Lewis, we have Du BoisT extraordi-





his principles,

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icT 1994, chronicling Du BoisT life to
1919, a journey revealing his "

struggles to become the most highly

_educated man in the United States.

Armed with a Harvard doc-
torate during a period when most of

his race were literally peasants, Du

Bois became a pioneer of urban
sociology and a opublic intellec-
tual? whose insightful and impor-
tant essays on race relations ap-

peared regularly in journals like the ~

Atlantic Monthly. Lewis dealt deftly

with every phase of Du BoisT life, "

warts and all - and he had a few.
Vain and stubborn, he was a bit of a
dandy and elitist, replete with walk-
ing stick and silk stockings. He was
also arobust womanizer - and would
remain oa priapic adulterer? until
the final of his days. LewisT first
book won a Pulitzer Prize in biog:
raphy.

Volume two, W.E.B. DU BOIS:
The Fight for Equality and the
American Century, 1919-1963, is
just as good, if not better. Lewis
makes clear on every page of this
long but imminently readable book
that Du Bois never compromised
spoke truth to



pd og in a country. As
mB editor of the NAACP maga-
tine The Crisis, he reached

_ testing lynching and vigor-
2 ously advocating the expan-
sion of opportunities for Af-
tican-Americans in educa-

end of his life, or leading black
intellectuals. Du Bois never once
played it safe.

He took unpopular stands and
took on unpopular fights, whether
itwas with Booker T. Washington's
acolytes or well-meaning whites
who thought it their right to head
Negrocolleges and dictate oproper?
racial etiquette"meaning the ac-
ceptance of segregation. Du Bois
raged many of these battles in the

_ tion, employment and politi-
cal enfranchisement.
In addition to mobilizing
public opinion, The Crisis
also effectively coordinated
the fund-raising effort needed
_to support the NAACPTs le-
gal defense of black defen-
dants like the group of Ar-
kansas sharecroppers ludi-
crously accused of conspir-
ing to overthrow a county govern-
ment. In what would become its
standard mode of persistent
struggle, the NAACP fought that
case for five years, all the way to
the Supreme Court - and won.
The magazineTs wide influence
made it a target for J. Edgar
Hoover's attempts to suppress dis-
sent, but Du Bois was
unintimidated. More important to
Du Bois was his very personal

- more than 100,000 subscrib-"
| ers each month with articles
_ and outspoken editorials pro- _

c

Arti
Richard D. La Jr.

Presents his
ick History M

pec idl

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od
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press. struggle with the popular and fiery

*
Soret

| GarveyTs militant Uni-
versal Négro Improvement Asso-
ciation (UNIA), founded in 1917,

_ had a huge international member-
Ship and particularly appealed to

working-class black Americans.
Lewis covers the brutally acri-
moniousrelationship of Garvey and
Du Bois in meticulous detail; but
watching how Du Bois methodi-
cally underminded the boisterous,
pompously self-styled oPresident-
General of Africa? is not. amusing.
The stakes were high. Before World
War I, Pan-African activists may
have been concerned primarily with
protest and moral suasion; now they
were involved in serious politics
with huge corporations and the gov-
ernments of Great Britain, France,
Belgium and U.S.-backed Liberia.
But what remains most remark-
able about LewisT exploration of

Du BoisT life is the way he de-

scribes the editorTs shift from a
liberal-militancy to a leftist social-
ist ideology. Du Bois initially ad-
vocated a strategy of assimilation
and the guidance of his oTalented
Tenth? class of educated, middle-
class professional African Ameri-
cans to foster racial equality and
advancement " an ethos rooted in
a belief in the promise of the Ameri-
can system. But Du Bois, always
the inquisitive intellectual hungry

eee ane

tive tools to analyze the social con-
ditions of othe race,? moved to a
class-based and economic analysis
of the black experience rooted in
Marxist theory and finally, in the
years following WWII, became a
fervent socialist. .

This, along with his i increasing

advocacy of black separatism, put

him in conflict with the powers that
be at the NAACP and eventually
led to his departure from a central
decision-making role there. Some
historians may feel that Lewis works
hard to understate the NAACPTs
involvement in thefederal
government's successful campaign
to imprison Garvey on charges of
mail fraud. Lewis does open a tan-
talizing new prospect, however,
when he asserts that the literary and
artistic Harlem Renaissance -
launched with great fanfare in
March 1924 - represents an oalter-
native belief system? carefully de-
signed by Du Bois (and associates
like the Urban LeagueTs Charles S.
Johnson and Howard University
professor Alain Locke) oto fill the
vacuum created by GarveyTs de-
feat? and give the masses of Afri-
can-American people anew vocabu-
lary to express both creativity and
militant political desires.

Greenville Industrial C.M. Eppes Alumni, shown above are members of the C.M. Eppes Alumni society
committee. They were on hand to preserve the African-American History of Pitt County. Shown left to

right

PASTOR DIES AT 52,
RECALLED AS CARING
Herald-Sun By Artelia Covington

CREEDMOOR - Mack Timberlake
Jr, pastor of the Christian Faith
Center, died Tuesday. He was 52.

Bishop Timberlake had been a pastor

Photo by Jim Rouse

oLet Us Ride You In Style, Comfort & Class?

GRANELLETS
Limousine Service
1939 CUSTOM CLASSIC ANTIQUE

of the nondenominational, inter-racial
church for more than 20 years..

The Christian Faith Center has 5,000
members and sits on 150 acres just off
Peachtree Street.. The campus includes
a school, child-development center,
bookstore and clothing store, as well
as a 28-unit senior citizens retirement
community and its own. television
studio.

Bishop Timberlake, who was
diagnosed with cancer in 1998, was a
native of Granville County. He was
remembered by one of his members
Tuesday night as a loving and caring
man.

o| modeled my marriage after his,?
said Donald Moss, a lifetime member
of the church.

oHe showed me how to be a family
man, and his death is going to be

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February 22, 2002

Edgecombe County N.A.A.C.P. Branch #5390
2002 ANNUAL FREEDOM FUND BANQUET

SOUVENIR JOURNAL ADVERTISEMENTS

detrimental to a lot of people.? PLEDGE FORM
Bishop Timberlake was inspirational, AD SIZE , COST
Mr. Moss said. Full Page $100.00
oHe wanted you to be very best and V4 Page $ 50.00
wanted you to seek the very best,? he o% Page $ 25.00
said. oHis sole existence in life was to pereennas $ 15.00
improve relations between people and
their lives.?
Burthey Funeral Home is handling '/We, pledge the amount of $ for:
funeral arrangements, which were
incomplete at bas time. (no. of ads) (page size) advertisement(s)
Bishop Timberlake is survived by his (no. of ads) (page size) advertisement(s)
wife, Brenda Timberlake, who also (no. of ads) (page size) advertisement(s)
serves as pastor of the church, and six (no. of ads) (page size) advertisement(s)

children.

The WOOW staff would like to send
our condolences to the Timberlake
family and to the church family. Our

Additional Costs: $10.00 (to include a photo in ad)

If contributing to the Patron List advertisement, please print clearly the name you want listed:

. Thank you for your support.

prayers are with you.

Instead of flowers, the family
requests donations be made to the
Bishop Mack Timberlake Jr.
Scholarship Fund, P.O. Box 100,
Creedmoor, NC\ 27522.

Gwen Hooker
P.O. Box 1608
Tarboro, NC 27886

NOTE: Make Checks Payable to Edgecombe County NAACP Branch #5390. Please Remit All
Pledges By February 5, 2002 to:

a AN ERR I yA IE AE A cornea ongmranesn

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1 it's i aq : , Wo dis
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, wurning and shovk as he hit fo Osaria
Photc by Jim Rouse

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e-ents of Se ot. 11th. Sc veral families ar- still in n°

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By HOWARD DODSON.
| Over the last four decades,
| scholarship on the transatlantic
| slave trade has experienced
| something of a renaissance.
| Scholars in Europe, Africa, the
| Americas and the Caribbean
have made the slave trade the
- object of new historical, economic,
political and cultural studies.
Gradually, they have begun to
discover and assess the far-reach-
: ing impact that the silver trade
and slavery have had on their
respective societies, nations and
continents as well as on the glob-
al political economy. What I pro-
. pose to do in this brief presenta-
tion is suggest some of the ways
in which the intended and unin-
| tended consequences of the slave
trade shaped the modern world
as we know it today.
There is no general agreement
in academic circles or among the
public at large about what consti-
tutes the modern world and when
it began. Some trace its origins
back to the 13th century. Others
| date it from the late 19th century,
| when European colonial powers
| consolidated their economic and
political hold over the peoples of
the world, including Africa and
Asia. For my purposes, and with-

OIOSOTSIN sao ue F

BUILDING AN ARMY OF CHRISTIAN WOMEN

Progressive F.W.B. Church observed itTs Annual
WomenTs Day Program on Sunday. September 16 at
11:00am.

Sunday, September 16 at 11:00am. Guest minister for
the service was Eldress Pamela Little of Holly Hill
F.W.B. Church. Sister Jennie Hampton was crowned as
this yearTs Progressive Woman of the Year. Sister Mary

N

Anthony Daniels

Jesse Redmond
Dorothy Daniels
Shavonka Redmond

in the context of this presenta-

tion, I have chosen to date the ori-
gins of the modern world from the
first of the Columbian transat-
lantic voyages. Said another way,
the modern world began with
ColumbusT first voyage to the
Americas; it was that voyage that
ushered in the era of European
colonial expansion that resulted
in, among other things, the orga-
nization of the transatlantic slave
trade. The slave trade, in turn,
fostered the development of
entirely new levels of communi-
cation, trade, cultural exchange

and economic and political inter- |

The Minority Voice

dependence between the peoples | ota
of Europe, Africa and the Americ- 1. \A

as. The emergence and develop-
ment of these interdependent
continental relationships distin-
guishes the modern era from its
predecessors.

Over the 400-year history of ia

the trade, upwards of 12 million | =.

Africans survived the middle pas-
sage and were distributed
throughout the Americas " North,
Central and South America - and
the Caribbean. Estimates of the
total number of African lives lost
or impaired by the process of war-
fare, capture and enslavement
that fueled the trade range from

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o$504 [JIM OO) SIUL

Saturday, February 16, 2002
Showtime: 7:00 p.m.

J.H.
High School

Greenville, North Carolina

Rose

y,

Hines was first-runner up and Sister Martha Freeman
was second runner-up. Progressive Church family
salute all participates and say othanks? for a job well
done!

Photo by Jim Rouse

be

Ith ANNUAL
Friends of Sheppard Library

willis building, Ist & reade streets, greenville

Proceeds benefit Sheppard Library and its branches

BOOK SALE

february 22, 23, 24

Great prices A a wide assortment of titles
POPULAR FICTION, CLASSICS, BIOGRAPHIES, HEALTH/NUTRITION, SCIENCE FICTION, HOW TO,
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HONORS:
LUNCHEON

SPEAKER: D.D. Garrett
(Local History)

DATE: Friday February 8, 2002
TIME: 12:00 - 2:00 PM
WHERE: Riverside Steak Bar

2301-A Stantonsburg Road
| Greenville, NC 27834

25 YEARS CELEBRATION OF ENCR - ABSW
Mildred Atkinson Council

Registration Fee is $10 (includes luncheon buffet)

Make check payable to ENCR-ABSW
P.O. Box 951
Greenville, NC 27834

Public is Invited

For information call: Curtis Best @ 756-7519

+=

Captured st slaves boing ted led away

February 7 - February 15 2002 |

50-100 million people. The slave
trade in all its facets " capture in
Africa, transshipment across the
Atlantic and sale in the Americas
" took place in a market-driven,

- uneven fashion over a period of

400 years. It was uneven in terms
of the time when the migrations
occurred, the places from which
the African captives were taken
and the islands, continents and
colonies in which they were
enslaved.

Upwards of 40 percent of the
Africans sold in the western hemi-
sphere went to Brazil, while only
4.5-5 percent ended up in the con-
tinental United States. The tiny
island of Barbados matched the
United StatesT percentages, while
Jamaica almost doubled them.
Upwards of 50 percent of the sur-
vivors of the middle passage were
transported to the Americas dur-
ing the 18th century. Over 90 per-
cent of the Africans involved in
the trade were from the west
African coast.

The demographics of the slave
trade take on an even more
remarkable significance when
studied within the overall context
of the peopling of the Americas.
Contrary to popular opinion,
African peoples constituted the
majority of the people who
migrated from the Old World to
the New World during the forma-
tive stages of European colonial
expansion in the Americas. This
suggests an even larger economic,
political and cultural role for-
African peoples in American colo-
nial development than we have
even begun to imagine.

According to several sources,
between 1492 and 1776, or rough-
ly the first 300 years of what we
understand to be the colonial peri-
od of American history, 6.5 million
people crossed the Atlantic from
Africa and Europe and settled in
the Americas: North, Central and
South America and the
Caribbean. Of those 6.5 million
people, only 1 million were Euro-
pean. The other 5.5 million people

were African.

Most of the histories that we
have read have been written from
colonial perspectives; from the
perspectives of the minority of the
population; from the perspectives
of the institutional histories of the
colonizing powers. They haven't
taken into account any of the eco-
nomic, political and social conse-
quences of the simple demograph-
ic fact that the overwhelming
majority of the people involved in
the making of the colonial Ameri-
cas were African. Indeed, as late
as 1820, the ratio of Africans to
Europeans who had come from
the Old World to the New was still
3:1, so those of us who are
involved in the study of the
African Diaspora and the Ameri-
can experience are really faced
with two sets of intellectual chal-
lenges.

The first is to set the record
straight about the African experi-
ence in the Western Hemisphere,
but second, and of equal impor-
tance, we are faced with the chal-
lenge of rewriting, in a fundamen-
tal way, the history of the Americ-
as. Because if, as indeed appears
to be the case, two-thirds or more
of the peoples of the Western
Hemisphere have not been
included in the history, then we
donTt know very much about the
history of the Western Hemi-
sphere. We are faced with the
twin challenges of trying to
rethink and understand, both
what has been the nature of the
African experience in this hemi-
sphere, and what has been the
impact of the African presence,
and African economic and politi-
cal and social activity on the shap-
ing of the Americas. What has
been the impact of African peoples
on the making of the Americas
and the modern world?

It should be clear from the pre-
ceding summary that one of the
major consequences of the slave
trade for the Americas was in the
peopling of the Americas. African
peoples formed the foundation on

which the societies and cultures of
the Americas were built. More-
over, if there is any truth to this
notion that the Americas should
be called the oNew World,? it was
the African peoples in the Americ-
as who made the Americas new. If
the concept of the oNew World?
has any real meaning, it is a
direct consequence of the pres-
ence and activities of African peo-

ple in this hemisphere (the major-

ity of its immigrant population)
during the formative period of the
development of the nations, com-

munities and societies of the
Americas, especially those in the
Caribbean, Central and South
America and the southern United
States.

Let's begin with the people
themselves. There has been a ten-
dency among some sectors of the
academic and educational com-
munity to think of Africa as a
country rather than a continent,
and to think of African peoples as
a homogenous group. The fact of
the matter is that the African peo-
ple who were involved in the slave
trade experience were extremely
diverse, frequently as much
strangers to each other as they
were to their European captors.
Africa is indeed a continent with a
multiplicity of ethnic, national
and religious groups and this cul-
tural, religious, national and lin-
guistic diversity was represented
in the populations that were
involved in the slave trade.

Upon arriving on these shores,
they fashioned themselves into
new peoples. They brought their
Yoruba and Ga and Akan cultural
attributes with them, but these
facets of their identity were inter-
connected and intertwined with
the cultural and ethnic experi-
ences of the other Africans they
met, as well as with indigenous
peoples and the peoples of the var-
ious colonial powers. And so the
African peoples themselves, both
biologically and culturally, were
transformed into new people

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BLACK FOLKS DID.

I attended the Brooklyn
and Harlem ceremonies honorin
Dr. King on Monday
Mayor Mike Bloombe:

~ where
made his

ng Sharpton ptonTs message on Dr. KingTs

political debut in black New York, -

The crowd cheered him with
passion and pride.. I cheered right.
along with them.

The bond between the
new Mayor and the black commu-
nity is a real one. Insiders at City
Hall now believe that upwards of
30% of the black vote went for
Bloomberg - an astonishing repu-
diation of the black Democratic
establishment that stood by Mark
Green, however quietly - until the
end. Notably, it is this same black
establishment - including former
Mayor David Dinkins,
Congressman Charles Rangel,
Comptroller Carl McCall, and the
Rev. Al Sharpton - who are
basking in the Bloomberg glow.

ThatTs to be expected.
But no one should be confused
about who did what to whom
here. Sharpton, Dinkins, Rangel
and Co. arent the ones who
invited Mike Bloomberg into the
black community. Ordinary black
folks did. They're the ones who
voted oor Mike. They're the ones
who trampled on the Democrat's
liberal coalition. TheyTre the ones
who wanted oa leader, not a
politician.?

If the black establishment
now plans to substitute itself for
the black community in our
dlealinzs with the new mayor. they
should think twice. Black New
Yorkers came of age on
November 6", 2001. Tens of
thousands of black voters de-
(lared that we are no longer
relying. on the Democrats for our
political voice. The community
recognized that our voice is

louder, clearer, and more effec-
tive if we aren't Democrats, but
are politically independent.

The black Democrats -
from Dinkins to Sharpton - are
trying to submerge that declara-
tion of independence. They re
getting their pictures taken with
the man they were condemning
as a owhite billionaire
Republican who is trying to buy
the election.? just a few months
ago. It's up to the black
community to let Mike know that
we were his hase of supporters,
and we donTt intend to let the
black Democrats speak for us.

Acting as the spokesman
for the black community is what

_ Rev. Sharpton does for a living.
He knows how to insert himself
into the picture, literally and

figuratively. He knows how to
undermine .the Democrats and
self at the head of its
n. . That was Rev.

birthday. He
election as the head of the new
incarnation of the liberal coalition.
For his part, Mayor
Bloomberg gets to use Sharpton

as a symbolic conduit.to the black.
community. . The irony here,o

though, is that Sharpton - who has
been thoroughly co-opted by the

white establishment - has no-

independent base in the black
community. He simply has moved
in on what the liberal black
Democrats - Dinkins, et al. - used
to control. Arguably, Bloomberg
has more of an_ independent
connection that Sharpton does.

For all his militancy and
ring twisting, Sharpton makes no
demands on the political establish-
ment on behalf of black people.
Yes, he demands and end to police
brutality. Who doesnTt? But
changes in the structural power
and policy dynamics - supporting
popular but ohot button? issues
like school vouchers, term limits
and non-partisan municipal elec-
tions, are not on Rev. SharptonTs
agenda. They can't be because
they challenge the hegemony of
the Democratic Party.

Up in Harlem, Rev.
Sharpton introduced me to the
crowd at the National Action
Network after the mayor and most
of the politicians had left. Dr
Fulani with the Independence
Party is here, he said, adding
something to the effect that. vou
never know whats going to hap-
pen with them!

That's correct Rev.
What's more. we always know
what you're going to do! But I'm
not the only unpredictable one.
Lots of black New Yorkers broke

the mold when we partnered with
Mike Bloomberg and went inde-
pendent. Therein lies our new
power and the new paradigm in
black politics.

Lenora B. Fulani has twice run for
president as an independent -
making history in 1988 by becom-
ing the first woman and _ first
African American to appear on
the ballots of all 50 states. She
currently chairs the Committee for
a Unified Independent Party, the
countryTs leading think-tank for
independent politics. She can be
reached at 800-288-3201 or at
fulanicolumn/@cuip.org
mailto:fulanicolumn@cuip.org
or by mail at 225 Broadway, Suite
2010. New York. NY 10007.
2/1/01.

Celebrate Black History Month

From January 21, - February 28
The studio has dedicated this period as Black Families
Portrait Month. So Have someone in your family photo-
graphed. All portraits are reduced 25% with frame only
$5.00 setting fee, and all packages are reduced 15-20 %

One day for 5.0 hours, Jan.26th 11:00 AM - 4:00 PM, the
following is available (3) 8 x 10 from (3) poses or (24)
wallets for $25.00. Both packages together are $45.00.

= Reflections

\)r. George Hawkins

BEING EMPOWERED BY
GOD

Greet ngs 11 the 1ame of
Jesus Christ:

Ore o the mosT common
excuses for not becomirg a
Chris ian is the fear of failure to
live the Christiay life. Besides
Overlooking, the fact that men
cannct be saved on the basis of
good works (Titus 3:5), this
objec ion reglec s the truth that
God drovides the pover to live
the Christian life. Before Christ
was crucifed He promised the
comirg of the Hely Spirit the help
believers. [he subsequent events
of the Book of Avts su ply ample
evide ice of the filfillment ef this
prophecy (.\cts 4:7. 33:6:8).

The power of the Holy spirit
was not designed solely for the
first-centurT chuch. Rather, all

Christians are indwelt by the Holy
Spirit and thus have His power
available (1 Cor.6:19). However.
living the Christian life under the
Holy Spirit's power must not be
thought of as simply allowing the
Holy Spirit to take control while
the believer does nothng. The
believer still must live the
Chr'stian life. though he does it
through the Holy Spirit's power.
Romans 8:13 says. oIt ye through
the Spirit do mortify the deeds of
the vody. ve shall live.? It is oye?"?
whe are to put to death the sinful
deeds of the body, but you are_to _
do it through the Holy Spirit's
power.

The Christians who struggles in
his own strength to live the
Christian life will fail. He must by
faith appropriate daily the power
of the Holy Spirit (Romans 8:4.5).
Described practically, this means
that the believer trusts the Holy
Spirit to empower him in specific
instances such as sharing his faith
with others, resisting temptation.
being faithful, ete. There is no
secret formula that makes the
Spirit's power available. It is
simply a reliance on the Spirit to
helr.

ny

4 eee cael

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ASSISTANT GENERAL MANAGER = -

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Position available for experiences, highly motivated professional for the position of Assistant vi
General Manager (AGM). This position reports directly to the General Manager/CEO bri 5 oe
vides functions/administrative direction to departmental directors as assigned. The AGM
responsible for some day-to-day operations of GUC and will act | the capacity of the = :
Manager/CEO in his absence. This person will assist in the preparation of an annual

$167 million and act as Executive Secretary for the Commission, signing and sealing legal docu-
ments. Other responsibilities of this position could include directing interdepartmental program
and activated; public relations activities; identification of operational or policy problems with
recommendation for solutions; development of new methods and procedures for internal ee
tions and working with the management team for their implementation: and other duties assign
by the General Manager/CEO.

The ideal candidate must have a minimum of 10 years of progressively complex/responsible re-
lated work experience which includes 5+ years at department director level or higher of equiva-
lent position .. A bachelorTs degree is required with preference for a masterTs degree. It is
desired that the selected candidate have experience in the utility industry as well as a demon-
strated ability in internal management. financial analysis, budgeting. strong leadership, facilita-
tion/teamwork, and interpersonal skills.

Salary range $103.168 - $153,088 plus car allowance and a comprehensive and ea bene-
fits package. Salary commensurate with education and experience. A complete app ica ion
and/or resume with cover letter, salary history and five work-related references for initial screen-
inv should be received in the Human Resources Office by March |, 2002.

Employment is contingent upon passing a physical examination including a drug screening ae
nalsis. To ensure consideration. a completed Greenville Utilities application must be receive
in the Human Resources Office. Contact the Human Resources Office, P.O. Box 1847.
Greenville. North Carolina 27835 (801 Mumford Road) or call (252)551-1513.

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SHARE YOUR VISION FOR ALL TO SEE

(cael, SALUTES THE SPIRIT OF INNOVATION

oO Se ae ey oTe Ce 6 9 age ae oF They Cian ae Cammy

Family Unity
Serveral generations

BEAUTY IS SKIN-DEEP

The lovely ladies pictured

come together to pose for the
holding her grand baby in front of a local car lot. Hats
wn strong Black men and women.

21)

are ECU students. They stopped by to

witness the grand-opening of City FashiOms located on Evans Street
Mall next door to woow. Hats off to these beautiful black women.s.

photo by Jim Rouse

%

Candidate for Pitt County Sheriff, brother Terry Vines take time out
to stop by WOOW to announce his candidacy for the office of Pitt
County Sheriff. Brother Vines is the former Captain of Pitt County
Sheriff's Dept. and a long time law enforcement officer. He is more
than qualified and it would be a refreshing change to have a gentleman
such as Mr. Vines as Pitt County Sheriff.

_ JANICE COLE ANNOUNCES

RUN FOR CONGRESS

by Ginger Livingston-The Daily
Reflector

Former U.S. Attorney Janice
Cole said affordable health care
and expanded jobs opportunties
are the conerstones of her upcom-
ing campaign for the Ist
C ional District seat.

formally announced her

photo by Jim Rouse

candidacy Wednesday at stops in
Greenville, New Bern and her
hometown of Hertford. Her
announcement comes a month
after forming an exploratory com-
mittee to judge the viability of a
campaign.

oWe determined there was a lot
of excitement about the prospect
of me running. That, with the
qualifications that | have, the
people felt | would be able to
represent them in Congress,? she

"M" Voice newspape. Proud Grandmother pictured
off to all Mothers and Grandmothers for bringing

Photo by Jim Rouse

GROUNDBREAKING
PROMISES SPIRITUAL
ECONOMIC BOOST

By T. Scott Batchelor

Members of Phillippi Church of
Christ broke ground Sunday on a
new church and a ocomplete
Christian community? to serve as
the spiritual and economic focus
of a flood-ravaged area.

Bishop Randy Royal, pastor of
the 100 year-old predominantly
black chuch on Farmville
Boulevard, envisions an expanded
church forming the focus of a
community including an outlet
mall, supermarket, pharmacy and
service station.

The 100 acres of farmland
purchased by the church on N.C.
33 West lies in an area flooded by
Hurricane Floyd in September
1999.

Many residents in the area were
driven out by that catastrophe,
Royal said. and he sees the
oPhillippi village? as not only a
spiritual but an economic boon to
the area, in keeping with
PhilippiTs slogan of oA church
with a vision.?

oThis is definitely part of that
vision, to do something here for
the community, which is espe-
cially important after the flood,?
Royal said. oThe aea is really
needling a shot in the arm,
economically.?

Included in that vision are
apartments and houses as well as
retail stores, he said.

PhilippiTs slogan of oA church
with a vision.?

oThis is definitely part of that
vision, to do something here for
the community, which is espe-
cially important after the flood,?
Royal said. oThe area is really
needling a shot in the arm,
economically.?

Included in that vision are
apartments and houses as well as
retail stores, he said.

Philipi bought the land before it
flooded, which gave Royal not
only second thoughts about the
site, but othird, fourth and fifth
thoughts too.?

But with a few topographic
changes, the site will meet flood-
safety standards, the pastor said.

Triggering the need for the new
church is al large and growing
Phillippi membership. With. the
rolls at about 6,000 people now,
Royal predicted during the
groundbreaking ceremony that up-
ward of 15,000 would eventually
call the church their spiritual
home.

said. oI think people are encour-
aged by what I have to say and the
opportunities 1 want to pursue in
the district.?

Cole will face state Sen. Frank
Ballance, D-Warren, in the pri-
mary. Ballance, the Senate presi-
dent pro tem, is a_ longtime
political supporter of U.S. Rep.
Eva Clayton, who announced last
month she was retiring from the
Ist Disrict seat after 10 years.

Cole made her Greenville
announcement outside the Safe
Haven offices on Nash Street.
Five years ago, while serving as
the U.S. Attorney for the stateTs
Eastern District, Cole worked
with Greenville police officials to
establish the Weed and Seed crime
prevention and community devel-
opment program in west
Greenville.

oIt brought the residents of the
community together to think
through and work out a compre-
hensive plan to weed out the
criminals and reclaim the commu-
nity,? Cole said.

Among 20 people attending
Cole's announcement were Police
Chief Joe Simonowich, Maj.
Kevin Smeltzer, Capt. Cecil
Hardy and Chief Deputy James
Tripp Jr.

Christian Talk

Afternoon Drive time announcer Reggie Price with Stellar Award Winning Artist Fred Hammond. Coming
soon, more photos including Albertina Walker, Kirk Franklin and more from the 2002 Stellar Awards in

Atlanta, GA.

EDIFICATION OF THE NEW
GENERATION

By Faith May
Resolving Conflict In The oHood

I've already addressed the
premises that conflict is normal,
all conflict cannot be resolved,
and confict that cannot be re-
solved can be reduced to manage-
able levels. These realizations
most certainly apply to the neigh-
borhood (ohood).

Some of the conflicts listed by
the youngsters included: arguing,
gossip, threats. fighting. profanity.
intimidation, unprovoked physical
attack, odissing?. If we desired to

CYNTHIA BROWN,
DEMOCRATIC PARTY
CANDIDATE FOR USS.

SENATE

learn how to resolve or reduce
conflict in the neighborhood, we
must examine the spiritual root of
these conflicts. Psalm 14 ex-
claims, oThe fool has said in his
heart, There is no God? (v.1; see
also Ps. 53:1; Ps.53:3).

We must understand the thinking
of an individual who does not
recognize the existence of a great
and powerful God. When people
declare that there is no God, they
have also concluded that they have
no responsibility toward anyone.

The knowledge of right and
wrong exists naturally. However,
the choice to do right and wrong
is free willed. The desire to do
right becomes stronger, as you
allow the Holy Spirit to guide you.

The Bible expresses it this way:
oBe ye transformed by the renew-
ing of your mind? (Romans 12:2).
How can a young person reduce or
resolve conflict in the neighbor-
hood? Here are some suggestions.
Focus on pleasing someone else
instead of yourself: oLet every one
of us please his neighbor for his
good to edification? (Roman
15:2).

Avoid the people and places
around which trouble seems to
breed. Romans 16:17 states,
oBrethren, mark them which cause
divisions and offenses.? Psalm |
reminds us not to listen to their
advice; do not follow after them;

Cynthia Brown, outspoken
candidate for U.S. Senate in this
yearTs Democratic primary, will
be on hand Monday night for the
Martin Luther King, Jr. holiday
in Roanoke Rapids. Brown will
be speaking at 7:00 pm January
21st at the H.D. Pope Funeral
Home located at 520 Smith
Church Road.

Brown is basing her campaign
on a growing network of grass-
roots suppoters. The volunteer
effort is fueled by her ability to
reach many citizens who have
felt shut out of the political
process. North Carolina, like
other regions of the U.S., has
seen a disturbing decrease in
voter participation rates over the

Photo by Jim Rouse

do not sit in their company(see
v.1).

Without Christ most of our
decisions will be selfish and lead
us into many serious conflicts
with parents, teachers and peers.

Christ can help you. He desires
to guide you around some con-
flicts. He desires to give you
strength to deal with others. He
carinot do that until the conflict
between Him and you is resolved.
He has taken a step toward you.
He waits for you to take a step
toward him by accepting his son.
Jesus, as your personal Savior.

If you desire to resolve the
conflict between you and Jesus.
do so now while you still have
time. If you are already saved.
bless you. Keep on striving to do
the right thing.

Prayer of Salvation

Dear God.

| know that | am a sinner. | am
sorry for my sins. | believe that
Jesus died for me and that He rose
again and now sits on the right
hand of God interceding for me. |
now accept Him as my Savior and
ask Him to come into my heart.
Thank you. Jesus, for saving me.
Amen.

Source: Reclaiming Our Youth by
Clarence Alston

past few decades. According to
Brown, much of this voter apa-
thy can be traced to the corrupt-
ing influence of wealth and
corporate involvement in the
democratic process. Brown
seeks to strengthen citizens?
input throughout the policy mak-
ing process and urges voters to
hold elected officials account-
able for their performance after
being elected.

BrownTs main campaign plat-

form emphasizes the creation of

economic security for all citi-
zens, universal health care for
all, and the guarantee of environ-
mental justice in every commu-
nity.

@e,

FAMILY OF CHRISTIAN DAVIS, SON OF ACTOR

CLIFTON DAVISDEMAND JUSTICE

obstructing an officer.

far.

KingTs freedom struggle.

EditorTs Note:

Submitted By Pitt County SCLC.

NAACP will also assist the Davis family in an
and concerned citizens share in the reaction.

ROANOKE RAPIDS-- A brutal hate crime was committed against Christian Davis, son of actor Clifton
Davis. Saturday, January 19, 2002, while visiting the home of a college friend.

After being bludgeoned with a bar stool and stepping stone, Christian endures the implications of chronic
physical and emotional injuries inctuding liver damage and depression stemming from the vicious attack.

Charged in the attack are four white males. Jack E. Bryant, Ill, 16, charged assault with a deadly weapon,
inflicting serious injury with intent to kill, ethnic intimidation, communicating a threat, assault on an
officer, and resist and delay. Scott Williams, 21, charged with similar counts in addition to two counts
of communicating threats and two counts of assault on an officer.

At large is Gary Thomas Harris, 21, wanted for assault with a deadly weapon, inflicting serious injury
with intent to kill. ethnic intimidation, two counts of resist and delay, assault by pointing a gun, and failure
to stop for a blue ligh and siren. Also at large is Donnie Lee Hedgepeth, 21, wanted for assault with a
deadly weapon, inflicting serious injury with intent to kill, ethnic intimidation, and resist, delay, and

Bryant was placed under a $25,000 secured bond while Williams was placed under a $25,000 secured
| bond. An unreasonably low amount according to the Davis family.

The family of Christian Davis is in support of the District AtorneyTs Office investigation of the case thus

oWe (the family) are going to monitor the progress of the DATs Office and make certain justice prevails,?
according to Ann Davis, mother of Christian. The family wants to ensure that a region with a history of
unprosecuted hate crimes prosecutes defendants to the fullest extent of the law.

The Halifax County Chapter of the NAACP has offered its moral support to the Davis family. The
y way necessary throughout this ordeal. Community leaders

As America was recovering from the terrorist attacks of September 1th by celebrating freedom, unity,
and brotherhood during the: Martin Luther King, Jr. memorial weekend, it is hauntingly ironic that
Christian was the victim of this ferocious hate crime. Bigotry and hatred were the fundamentals of Dr.

Phillip Higgs, SCLC President, Minister Robert Muhaminad, Steven Muhammad, George MuHammad
and Reverend Curtis Moore are spear-heading the fight for justice. They will fight to see that Mr. Christian
Davis will be represented. The time is now, to stand up for justice for all Americans, :

y

PLL EH EA CRS AP PAIL APS

:
f
|

i

Ou

The Minority Voice February 7 - February 15 2002

7 ae

To the Editor:

Wher Feb: ary comes yearly. we
ocus our attention o1 African
\merican History Mon h.

The heme "Tae Color Line
tevisied:) 5 RacTsm Dead? "
R.c.sm continues to »voison the
ualil of IiTe all classes, profes-

iors ind ¢ducational evels. but

lespi. persisting racia injustice,
\fre. a Atiericans continue to
Jake orogress with vision ars! the
eto struggle for i. Aftieen
vm cans have achie ed purity
1 t's sodal. econemic, and
lili. al lif, of thes nation.

[D. Cart.: G. Woodson. the

Fathi of Blac. History" aid,

We sould note npha:ize Negro
fist. but he Negro in History,"
ohe r le of he Alricar Ame ican
wis b en si nific win the hi -tory

thi cou wy aid the Fisto y of

=

he v orld. Let us glorify and

igni) our yan ory by cor inu-
ng te set gals. v orkin «hare and
trivil 2 for exce lence and suc-
ess. ven tough the ¢ ostacles to
were me ie di crimi ation. ra-
isn

ism. iid They arc not

wing awa but donT let hem

lefer OU.

AS \ 2 col Inue 'o mi v2 te vard
qual y. Ww omusT project a bold
isiot Cf a ature whic. people of
Ira es he ve a air si ave a! the

Amer can Drea i. We nust

nvisin a work free ron the

avay s of pove ty, re cism, war

City Fashions

and militarism, a beloved world
community. where freedom, hu-
man rights and dignity are hon-
ored under all flags and protected
by the Unted Nations. So, let us
Martin
Luther King, Jr. for his struggle
for racial harmony anc just condi-

continue o honor Dr.

tions. .
Or. Mary McLecd Bethune.
founder, Bethune Cookman

College. Daytora Beach, Florida.
in her last will and testament
wrote, " our aim must be to create
a world o? fellowship and justice
where no man's skin. color, or
religion is held against him."
"Let racism be a problem to
someone «lse....Let it drag them
dow). Don't use it as an excuse
for your own

(Colin Powell).

shortcomingsT

Nominiuted is a
'Wonien of Excellence"

At the «ze of seven, m,
fave rite televis on character wa-
the sopl istica ed, 10-nonsens :
Claiie Hixtable. 1 admir.d he:
whi. her style. her strength. anc!
mos! importar ly, ler uncann,
abil ty to exhibit her intel!igenc:
witl all prise arid grace. | began
to «-mula2 he in speech and
behavior, ven cown to her -hose:
I ady

calling m nam.. Soon, | grew te

prot .ssiol iustic. Wa:

CITY FASHIONS COMES TO EVANS STREET MALL

City ashions held itTs grand-opening February Ist and 2nd at 403 S. Evans Street Greenville, North

Carolia next door to WOOW raclio station. She has women dressy 2 piece suits, african attire, hats,

liandbugs ard belts, Men fashions. slacks, shirts, belts, ties, tiespins and boots. Pictured above is Reggie

Price WOOW racio announcer, Felicia Coward owner of City fashions, Betty Moore and Tasha Smalis, *
Photo by Jim Rouse

lront row

From The Desk of Mrs. Beatrice Maye

become a young woman whose
passions continue to be in the
pursuit of . law byt... also in
improving the lives of others
through public policy and social
activism. My passions, dreams,
and aspirations have evolved and
developed over the years, but my
mission remains the same: to
make a difference.

| an Denisha Gayle Harris,
a native of Greenville, NC, born
to Rev. & Mrs. Elijah R. Harris,
Jr. A 1999 graduate of JH Rose
High School, | now attend ECU
a a senior studying Sociology. At
the age of 20, | have become an
active participant and leader in
my college community by work-

ing with the campus chapter of

the NAACP and the local League
of Women Voters while also
forming my own organization,
VOICE:
Ongoing

Visionaries for the
Involverrent in the
Cultivation of Equality. As
visionaries, members of the or-
ganization work to promote
awareness concerning the injus-
tices of women and minorities.
In additon to-my political pur-
suits, | also serve on the boards

of naticnal honor societies in

wiich | have the ¢pportinity to

rack to. the
Ore

such or:anizi tion is the Golden

seve iid tive

ccimmunity w ere | reside.

Key International Fonor society.
The soviety has t-e option of
nm iminating honoraryT meribers .o
their esizeme.| society énd this
fa indicted 'wo tiembers, one
ol whic i was our very own Mis.
Beatrice May. Below is a bri-f
protile cf Mrs. Mave wr tten by
yours tuly tor tie irducticn
ccmmittwe:

| aim a r-siliert,
dedicated young ady who ts
destinec to dc great thing... W:.h
m, fam ly supporting me and my
fath in Jesus Christ, the sky is

th: limi!!!

REPARATIONS, LONG
OVERDUE DEBT FOR.
BLACKS

By Bruce A. Davis

More than « hunc red years ater
slavery, Black:s stil] lag far behind
their White counterparts 1 almost
every m 2asurzment of mainstream
lie--inT education, employment,
li e-expectancy and other areas.
Tie idea that slavery is not the
chief ct Iprit would be laughabl: if
it were 10t sad. .

ut itTs not just slavery that 1as
contributed to BlackTs maladjust-
rents on these shores. but an
additional 190 years of legal
d'scrimination and segregation.
Tiis reat chasi1 won't be
bridged and our ricial »roblems
won't be solved until Anerica
accepts respcnsibilty for the his-
tcrical mistreatmen: of B'acks and
take steps to right the rong in
th: fort: or reparations.

Paying reparaticns--a concrete
gesture with real impact is the
orly wy Atnerica can begin to
heal the psyche of a people who
Icst the + religion. culture. history,
children, fathers and mothers.
T ve de!'t should not be paid as a
charity out to bring America out
oO deniul.

Ranvall FobinsonTs excellent
bok o reparation-, oThe De*t:-
what A eric: Owe: to Blacks, T is
worth ¢ sotiny:

oNo race, no ethnic or religious
gi oup, |as suffered so much over

so long a span as Blacks have, and

do sti |, at tve hands of those who |
benef ted with the connivance of

the United States government,
from slavery anc the century of
legalized Avnerican racial hostility
that followed it,? he wites in the
opening chapter. oIt is a miracle

that the victims--weary dark souls .

long shorn of a venerasle ancient
identi'y have--ssurvived at all,
stymied as they aare by the
blocked roads to economic equal-
ity.

The physical part of the evil
institu ion of slavery--the chains
are gone, out the mental influ-
ences linger. They have seeped
into the cracks and crevices o7 our
pysches in the form of self hatred,
self destruction and low self
esteer.

During slavery, slave-ovwners
woulc beat Black males in front of
women and child-en. Young girls
and mothers would be molested,
then sent tack to their families.
How on GcdTs earth could occur-
rence: like his not affe:t a people
generations later? By tie time the
slaves wer2 emancipated, the
damaye hac already ben done.

When you see how the ji stice
systerT worl:s and how the prisons
are filling up w th brothers and
sisters--most of \,ho are poo: and
uneducated. whic 1 are other mani-
festations «f what slavery has
wroug.ht--you can see the li yger-
ing affects of that Peculiar
Instittition.

America urged South Africa and

MY BODY



Some

rnative action were instituted!
as partial payment tc Blacks for
past wrongs. Tt atTs nonsense. O-
course, I support aff rmative ac-
tion, but such programs are no:
far-rzaching enough to solve
sweeping Black prob%ms. They
donTt for examole, speak to the
need of millions of. black lan-
quishing at the bottom rungs o°
Ame icaTs economic riainst-eam--
those who atten] infe ior sc hools.
live in snsafe neizhbor wods.
subsist or poo diets and exis:
under grinding poverty.

Affirmative actior and other
such programs vill never be able
to completely reach these souls.
Solutions must come in significan:
enot zh foTm that would make the
Black communi y whele.

| don't know exactly how
repaations would be paid. "ll le
the politicians znd policy tnaker:
figure out the pecifics, but itTs
undeniabk: that we -Jeserve full
economic redress and not just i
social prozram hiere and there.

Frederick Douglas said it well:

oPower concedes nothing with-
out « demand.? ItTs tire we stanc
up «nd demanc what's owed to
us.

say we donTt need

Pictured from left to right are Brandon Dawson, Steven Brown center and Michael Tafi on the right.

s ior Hi , 25-26.
Steven Brown wrote the play oMy Body? which was performed at Rose Senior Hie a ~.
The play was one of awareness and addressed topics such as teen-age pregnancy. S g

! is the D'S TEMPLE.
alcohol use. Steven wants voung people to realize that MY BODY eins ik Photo By Jim Rouse

Looking for the easy route
to healthy fitness?

Just follow the signs.

You dont need to join a gym, opportunities to be

physically active are all around you. Take a short

walk, mow the grass, stand up while you talk on :

the phone, choose the stairs rather than the elevator.

Moderate physical activity reduces the risk of heart

disease and keeps your weight under control, but YOUR
North Carolina Heart Disease
& Stroke Prevention Task Force

its also a great way to relieve tension and counter
depression. As little as ten minutes of activity three
times a day can have a positive impact on your health,

Copyright ©2002 NC Heart Disease & Stroke Prevention Tash Force

Recently, I read a,
teport that health care cost in

| the Urited States double every

ix yeers. It'said that we spend
0 to 100 percent. more on
health care than most industri-
élized counties, vet we rank
near. the bottom in major
indicators of health, The
iSticle pointed out that perhaps
twenty million unnecessary
tests ae per ormed on patients
vach day by docters. ©
The United States pri-
inarily operetes under a oreim-
bursement? systen. Private
ind public insurers pay reim-
bursement to the treating doc-
lor aftr the doctor presents a
billing report for what services
they performed or: the patient.
he doctors generate this bill-
ing report arid the insurer pays
based upon the bill presented.
Probably less than 2% of these
-elf-rerorts are ~" actually
cudited by the " insurer.
Patien s almost never question
und are usually totally unaware
of what the docto- bills to the
insurance ccmpany.
The syste n lends it-
elf to wide sprezd abuse. It
relies on coctors who may
lave iuge home mor gages,
vacation home mcrtgages, car,
boat, r2tirerent, aid childrenTs
ollege tuition expenses to be
honest in their self-regulated
billing pract ces. Most doctors
re probably honest anc never
-heat on re mbursement even
when he pitient count is low
lor the mcnth and fatients
Jon't pressnt with serious
proble ns that justify expen-
Ive test aid procedures for
which doctors can be reim-

hursec,
Fraudulert billing by

some doctors substantially
drive ip health care costs for
is all. Its cost is estimated to
he in the tillions each year.
illiois of Americans donTt
lave | ealth insurence al all or
ery | mited coverage becaus2
the cost is simpy toc high.
lraudulent tilling is a criminal
offens: bul is very rarely
rosecuted cue to che hizh cost
nd ccmplesity of prosecution.
et unscrupulous doctors are
w less erminas then the
rmed robber who robs the
ocal grocery store or the
urglay that breals into your
ome. The litth child who
uffers or tie elderly person

quate health ge is ia us
much a victim of the cg
pulous doctorTs billing prac-

tices as is the robbery or
burglary victim, =?

We send robbers and
burglars to prison but unscru-
pulous doctors hide behind the
respectability of their profes-
sion and are rarely ever prose-
cuted or sent to prison. Their
crimes are overlooked because
they-have money and power onT
their side.

A case in point is a
local chiropractor. In 1996, |
was injured and had to go to
the hospital emergency room.
After being treated, the emer-
gency room doctor told me to
see my own doctor for follow-
up in a few days. He gave me
a list of neurologists to use if
I didnTt have my own doctor to
see. I made an appointment
with the neurologist a few
days later. | went to the
appointment and the doctor
had me come back for treat-
ment and examinations every
day, then three times per week.
They billed under the name of
the neurologist, but several
weeks into the treatment |
discovered | was seeing a
chiropractor, not a neurologist
medical doctor. In fact, | did
not actually see a real medical
doctor at all for several
months. When I questioned |
was told the neurologist is in
charge and supervises the
treatment. | later discovered
the neurologist was paid to
come in for one hour once a
week to sign charts so non-
M.D. chiropractic services
could be billed as medical
services for higher reimburse-
ment.

Major medical tests

Major medical tests
were performed by untrained
staff without any medical su-
pervision, X-rays performed
by secretaries, patient treat-
ment records were made up
sometimes months after the
dates of treatment. Treatment
dates were sometimes created
to increase

formed by unlicensed chiro-
practors and other untrained
individuals on unsuspecting
patients who trusted because
they believe that Medicine is a
noble profession.
Unsuspecting medical
doctors were interviewed for
jobs, not realizing that their

names would then appear in

GPA Membership Form

Please check one of the membership classitications listed:

cal office listed in the yellow

es and makes an int-
en aoe c onlion tees
and later finds themselves

being treated by a chiropractor

who. represents heTs eminently
more qualified then a medical
doctor. But, upon investiga-
tion, he went to undergraduate
college for one year and then

_ to chiropractic college for two

or three years. On the other
had, medical doctors first
graduate from four years of
undergraduate college, and
then three years of medical
school, plus a two year super-
vised residency.

There:are reputable
chiropractors who donTt over
reach their profession and
provide legitimate services to
their patients. They donTt
misrepresent themselves as
medical doctors, charge exces-
sively high prices, or shun the

?,?

poor who seek their services.
They donTt exploit the elderly
or fool their patients for a fast
hack: ages:

costs, the public will continue
to be victimized by these
unscrupulous doctors.

Dated: January 20, 2002

Ozie Lee Hall, Jr.,
Organizer

Community Health Care
Network

P. O. Box 1819

Winterville, NC 28590-1819 |

(252) 341-2376 Mobile

reimbursement. |
Services were sometimes per- |

Vali

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Open Mon - Sat 10AM - 8Pm
elephone 252-756-0044

______ Broadcaster On-Air Radio, TV Record Labels / Independents
____Print Media National Regional Intemet Media Owners Brokers
Other

___ Retailers

Membership fees are $50.00 per year for each classification. Please make check payable to
GAPA - PO Box 3692, Gastonia, North Carolina 28054. There is a $25 service fee for returned

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as
EQUAL nuJSING

SAAD RENTALS?

Call Steve Johnson If You Would Like To Rent A
1, 2, or 3 Bedroom Housing Unit

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If we donTt take action
now to control health care.

~The Minority Voice | February 7 - February 15 2002

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Friends of Sheppard Memorial Library

Saturday, Feb. 23, S

Sunday, Feb. 24, 1-4 p.m.

(BAG DAY"35 per paper grocery bag of books)

Willis Bldg., Ist & Reade Sts.

News Sata



ealty
Your Neighbor Helping You Reach Your Real katate Goals

VS16 Battle Linive

Cisecnville, NC 27834
Obi 282-798 SOU
Mobile 282 540 FSs2

ft - Maal: nonananias cantare mt

Noria Name

Don.t make a move without m

Rev. Bury R. ANDERSON

What:
Where:

When:

Phillips Brothers



New Beginning, New Management, New Year

| YouTre Invited! Come meet the staff and
tour the newlyrenovated facility

Open House

Phillips Brothers Mortuary

1501 W. Fourteenth St.

Greenville, North Carolina

Sunday January 6, 2002

3:00 PM - 6:00 PM

Dr. Billy R. Anderson, Owner
Mr. Boris oButch? Barrett, Manager
Ms. Ellis Brown, Public Relations

oTimely Service for Those Untimely Circumstances?

fHlortuary

1501 W. Fourteenth St. ¢ Greenville, NC 27834
Telephone/Office: (252) 752-2536
Fax: (252) 353-2364

nces?

Boris oBurcu? Barren

Staff

_"

%

es

nn

Ms. Sujette Jones

- Black History
in
North Carolina

FiftT year, ago 1 June 1951. the
lirst black studetits ever at the
University of North Carolina at
Chap: Hill began law school.
hat fall brought the U'NC medi-
eal school, firs black student.
ohe irst three olack freshmen
-nrol..d in
fall 1955.

On sover ier 36. 200) Carolina
.eleb ated o0 years ol African-
American studen« at l NC.

As or these pioneerit2 students
in the S50. Hitvey Beach. J.
Kenneh Tee. Fioyd MecKissick

nd Jines tober: Walker Jr. were
the four back law stidents en-

rolled in June 1951.

McKissick and other black stu-
dents had sued in federal court,
u'ng that a state law school for

| blacks in Durham (North Carolina

College now. North Carolina

Central University) was not equal

to that in Chapel Hill. In March
1951, a U.S. Court of appeals
agreed and ordered their admis-
sions at UNC. By that time.
McKissick had earned his law

~ degree at the Durham school. but

he took one summer course at
UNC. McKissick, who died in
1991, went on to become a
naticnal civil rights leader.

Beech, now retired in Kinston.
and Walker became successful
lawyers in eastern North Carolina.
as did Lee, in Greensboro. Lee
helped foind American Federal
Saviigs ard Loan Association and
was the first African-American
appointed to the state banking
commission. Walker also re-
ceived an NAACP Distinguished
Service Award, and was named
Lawyer of the Year in 1978 by
National Lawyers Guild © in
Detroit, became a minister and
directed the United Voters | eague
of Halifax County.

Trat fall. Edward O. Diggs of

Winston-Salem became the first
black medical student. ;He went
on to operate his owr practice ip
HigT Point from 1956-59. then
work at St. Elizabeths Hospital in

$59,900

Washington, D.C. where he

tired in 1978.

The first three black under-
graduates, enrolled in the fall of
1955 were:

- John Lewis Brandon. now
retired as a senior :

research Chemist with Dow
Chemical Corp. in Houston,
Texas.

- LeRoy Benjamin Frasier Jr.,
who later trans-

ferred to N.C. Central University
and became a teacher, later
retired in Brooklyn, N.Y.

+ Ralph Kennedy Frasier, who

also transferred

later to NCCU, where he re-
ceived a law degree. He worked
for more than 30 years in
banking. retiring in 1998. Now
he works part time as a senior
adviser to law firms in
Columbus. Ohio and Durham.
He has served on the Ohio Board
of Regents and as a trustee at
NCCU.

The celebration was sponsored
by UNCs Black " Student
Movement. Office for Minority
Atfairs and Office for Student
Academie Counseling.

Ecerpted from an article by:
Jal. Toler

303 Elizabeth St, Greenville

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re- .

PAN ES es
RACHEL CHRISTMAS DERRICK ¢

- At first the shift is subtle. Then
suddenly you look up and youTre

a parent to your parents. Over the
years, you've depended on them
to share their wisdom and advice.
Now, as time begins to undermine
their health, cloud their memory
and diminish their faculties, your
parents may turn to your for care
and guidance. Or, fighting off this
looming role reversal and not
wanting to be a burden, they may
cling desperately to their inde-
pendence as you try to persuade
them to accept your much-needed
help.

Do you put your grand-
mother in a nursing home, help
your aunt find a retirement com-
munity, ask your father to move in
with you or move back home
yourself? Read on for tips to
make your loved oneTs golden
years positive ones, whether they
spend them in their home, yours,
or one of the latest in alternate
living facilities.

Home, Sweet Home
oMy husband and | sus-

pected that his 78-year-old mother
was having trouble managing her
daily life -- forgetting to pay bills,
taking out loans that were way
over her head,? says Maxine, a
46-vear-old real estate agent and
mother of two school-age chil-
dren. oBut until we got a letter
from a collection agency telling us
that her house was on the brink of
foreclosure, she kept insisting that
shew was handling everything just
tine. When we had to take out a
home equity loan and then sell her
house to pay it off. she finally
agreed to move in with us.?
Maxine realized just how painful

this move was for her once-

fiercely independent mother-in-

law when she came home from
work one day to find her weeping
in the dark.

Traditionally, African-
Americans have been reluctant to
place aging relatives in nursing
homes. preferring instead to care
for them at home. According to
the National Caucas and enter on
Black Aged, Inc., more than twice
as many older African-Americans
live with relatives other than a
spouse than white Americans do.
A random survey done in 1997 by
the National Alliance for
Caregiving found that 22 million
households provided care for
older parents, with 45 the average
age of caretakers. While about
41% of all caretakers had one or
more children under age 18. more
than 50% of African-Americans
were raising children at the same
time as caring for aging parents.
And (Surprise! Surprise!) most
caregivers are women.

Of course, multigenera-
tionaal households offer a wealth
of benefits. The old and the
young can learn so much from
each other (sidebar). Still, tend-

with you, omake sure that the
older person is really OK with the
idea, that he or sheTs not feeling
forced into it,? warns Donna
Wagner, professor of gerontology
at Towson University in
Maryland. oHave a discussion

with your spouse and children

beforehand so that everyone is
clear about what this means.
Make a plan so that Mom feels
welcome and has enjoyable activi-
ties to engage in.?

oYou also need to think
about privacy issues,? advises
Suzanne Mintz, President and
co-founder of the National Family
Caregivers Association in
Bethesda. Md.. oand talk about
what MomTs role is going to be in
the household.? MaxineTs
mother-in-law looks forward to
taking her granddaughter to and
from nursery school every day.
oBe open about finances. too.?
Mintz adds. oDoes Mom have
enough to support herself? Will
you have to contribute? And. if
so. how much? Does she have
health insurance. investments. a
pension? Legal papers such as
power of attorney and a living will
should all be " discussed.?
MaxineTs advice: oBegin _ plan-
ning for the care of aging loved
ones long befor the need arises.
before they're ill or mentally
incapacitated. Start asking the
hard questions now.?

As loved ones age. even
caregiving that once seemed easy
becomes tough. The good news is
that the field of orespite care? --
those services that offer caregivers

much-needed breaks -- has been
broadening in recent years. says
Robert Greenwood. Director of
Communications at the American
Association of Homes and
Services for the Aging. in
Washington, D.C. Once limited to
adult day centers (where loved
ones with chronic conditions such
as AlzheimerTs are dropped off
each day). respite care now in-
cludes facilities and services that
help caregivers as well.

When elderly loved ones
get so frail that nursing homes
appear to be the only answer.
caretakers now have anew option.
Enter PACE (Program of All-
inclusive Care for the Elderly).
This new, nationwide. managed-
care. adult day-center system is
for people at least 53 years old
who are eligible for nursing home
care under Medicaid and
Medicare. With on-site clinics
complete with teams of physi-
cians. nurses. physical therapists
and home health workers. PACE
centers are cropping up across the
country. Stressing preventive and
supportive services, they allow the
aging to remain more vibrant by
staying with family or friends

having an aging loved one live "



in December 5000. This eels 3
we'can look forward:to a greater
availability of local services, "
such as home health aides,
registered nurses and homemak-.
ers to help with daily responsi-
bilities. oCaregiving can be very
frustrating. very isolation, and
very sad.? notes Mintz, a
cargiver herself. oBut people
find an inner strength they never
knew they had. and it can bring
families closer together.?

Homs Away from Home

Living with an aging
relative or friend won't work for
everyone. Fortunately, todayTs
senior residences aren't your
fatherTs old-folks homes. Wwe
now have continuing care retire-
ment communities (CCRCs),
where housing and health care
accomodations range from inde-
pendent living to the round-the-
clockT skilled care of a nursing
home. Thus. older adults donTt
have to worry about relocating as
their health care needs increase
over time. They won't be
separated from spouses who re-
quire different levels of care and
theyll remain with " friends.
Depending upon the range or
services Sou Want. costs can vary
widely.

A home-like assisted liv-
ing residence -- which might be
part of a CCRC. linked to a
nursing home or on its own -- Is
a good choice for an older person
who needs some help with activi-
ties of daily living but isnTt

incapacitated enough for a nurs-
ing home. Keep in mind, though.
that while nursing-home care
mas be covered under Medicare
or Medicaid. assisted living 1s
not. Depending on where you
live and what services you need,
the cost of assisted living -
covered by some long-term cae
insurance policies -- varies from
several hundred dollars a month
to more than $3000.

Greenwood notes that
among the newest trends in
senior communities are residents
with part-time jobs. residences
with larger units and college
affiliations so that seniors can
take advantage of continuing
education classes and " other
campus facilities. Faced with
these new opportunities for spe-
cialized care for the aging, we
can all truly say that we're not
vetting older. we're getting bet-
ter.

Based in New York. Rachel
Christmas Derrick writes fre-
quently about health. fitness and
travel.

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| In Celebration Of

African American
History
Vlithout the enowledge of ones cn history, there cin be no appreciable future.?

COPYRIGHT 2002 - KROGER MID-ATLANTIC _ _ SPONSORED BY KROGER MID-ATLANTIC IN RECOGNITION OF BLACK HISTORY MONTH

- Paget

CRISPUS ATTUCKS
(1723-1770)

A seaman and patriot, Attucks

was the first American to

die in the struggle for

American independence

during the historic Boston
Massacre in 1770. A symbol of
resistance to tyranny and a true
leader, he was killed by the first
shot fired during this historic
battle. The death of Crispus
Attucks, on March 5, 1770 is
p, synonymous with the birth of
an independent nation -
America.

DR. JAMES W. C. PENNINGTON
(1809-1870)

Dr. James Pe n was the teacher, clergyman,
suber and one of the earliest non-

violent civil rights activists. Although

denied the privilege of a formal

education until age twenty-one,

within five years he taught hi

to read and write English, German,

Latin and Greek. Later, he authored 1

the first Negro history text in

America, he also became the first man

of African descent to receive a Doctor of Divinity
degree from the University of Heicklberg,
Germany.

mechanical

. asa
Elijah MeO te inventor oie agit
oy which 1
scate the MOVING Pr His device
it was operating, 17s
f oil to drip
hine

o owned a sei:

f havi othe real
s wall used today to

GARRETT A. MORGAN
(1875-1963) |

Garrett A. Morgan was an inventor
that is best remembered for his
invention of the automatic traffic
ignai, that has improved traffic
saety, and a gas mask which was
widely used by fireman in American
cities in the early 1900Ts and by soldiers on the
battlefields of Europe during World War II.

MATTHEW ALEXANDER HENSON
(1866-1955)

On April 6, 1909, acco ied by four Eskimos,
Commander Robert E. and Matthew A.
Henson co-discovered the phic North Pole.
Henson was recommended to aes a valet, but
Peary soon realized that HensonTs ability to chart a
path and handle a ship made him invaluable as a
colleague. In 1961, the State House at Annapolis,
d passed a bill providing for a bronze
pi e crediting Henson as co-discoverer of the
orth Pole.

Dr. Carter G o0dso
Harvard Php Nn, a

Barney Ford was
oO an

loneer in Colorado
hotel ower, ea 2 Mea

4 st. In su rt Q
io in Wa Tganizati
lo : ao)

statchood. Ford's hard wd tH?,? Guestion of

to prevent BlackT aiNst stateh
Colorado He ler tizenship i

ter

GEORGE
WASHINGTON

CARVER (1860-1943)
A botanist and agricultural chemist,
Carver developed over 300 different
products including instant coffee, face
cream, ink, and soaps made from
the oils, proteins and chemicals of peanuts. As a
testimony to Carver's career, a memorial was erected at
Tuskegee Institue in his honor, along with the founding
of the George Washington Carver Museum.

serve on a Colorado grand jury first Black to

DR. CHARLES
RICHARD DREW
(1904-1950)

Dr. Drew was a surgeon, medical

scientist, educator and authority on

the preservation of blood. During his two years at
Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, Drew
developed a technique for the long ter
preservation of blood plasma. In , he earned
the Doctor of Science in Medicine degree with a
dissertation on oBanked Blood.? ==

_in the history © :?
Kennedy Duke hose 50
musical impresario. t business f

in the en a 00
and hone ich are orican classics with

recommen cin 1965, but was | enied.

contribution im

Nevertheless, Ell

musical history Pe
ee oe es, motion pictures, recoT
at standing room







|

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ongoue faery * Pulitzer Prize for his special
| : ,

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The entire literary



#7 Fle *7er i

CGAL), Aa
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popular. He

LANGSTON HUGHES (1902-1967)
ctrum, from poems to novels, was mastered by

Langston Hughes. The common man, his joys, and
sorrows were i themes in most of Haghes works, In

1937, Hughes established theater groups in Harlem, Los
Angeles and Chicago providing nites for Blacks in the

_ Arts. Hughes went on to prove himself the most versatile wri
to come out of the Harlem Renaissance i
plays, most notcably, Little Ham (1935)
most so wrote books for children, musical lyrics
and traveled the country lecturing at schools and colleges.

writing a series of

ich is ibed as

GENERAL COLIN POWELL
(1937- )

The son of Jamaican immigrants, Powell
was raised in the South Bronx. General
Powell served as the 12th Chairman of the
Joint Chiefs of Staff, t of Defense, We
from October 1, 1989 to September 30, 1993, ?"?
under both President George Bush and President Bill
Clinton. General Powell served two tours of duty in Vietnam,
and as a battalion commander in Korea. He later commanded
ea Ms a
Army, Europe. Prior to being named Chat
Chiefs of Staff, he served as in Chief, Forces
Command, at Fort McPherson, 1
See Ps ole S.
Service Medal, Bronze Star Medal, and the Heart. His
Congressional Medal, and an honorary knighthood
from the Queen of England.

ADAM C. POWELL, JR.
(1908-1972)

displayed throughout Powell's life enabled him to become
the first black congressman from the state of New York.










YVONNE BRATHWAITE BURKE
(1932- )

In 1972, Yvonne Brathwaite Burke
became the first Black woman
elected to m
comneonby. received national
attention by serving as vice
chairman of the Democratic
National Convention in July of 1972.
Burke remained calm and in control while

iding over an unruly convention. BurkeTs rise
in the political arena came during a time when
racial and sexual discrimination was prevalent.
Burke is noted for her work to gain training for
divorced or mothers, a rape crisis center
and a wide variety of other social programs.












BARBARA C. JORDAN
(1936- 1996 )
Barbara Jordan entered the

itical arena in 1960 working on
Presidential ign of John F.
Kennedy. In 1966, she won
election to the state Senate becoming the first
Black woman from the state of Texas to do so.
In 1972, Jordan moved onto the national scene,
winning election to the U.S. House of

Representatives.

° ding:
many hats incl a
sociologist pilot received 2 ee eo
apostle sels 1888 and his Ph.D. from arvard
vi e, becoming the first Bk

this degree from
an

fea a anded the Niagara Movement in
aS, which later became the







FANNIE LOU HAMER

(1917-1977)

|

Fannie Lou Hamer was the

founder and vice-chairwoman of

the Mississippi Freedom

Democratic Party (MFDP), which

} was successful in unseating the all- ae

| white Democratic Party in 1968 earning Mrs.
Hamer the distinction of the oFirst Lady of Civil
Rights.? Fannie Lou was an articulate and forceful
speaker which led her to become the first Black
woman to run for Congress.



DR. GEORGE EDMUND
HAYNES
(1880-1960)

George E. Haynes, Ph.D., a noted
sociologist and founder of the
National Urban League devoted his
life to the betterment of Blacks through
the establishment of socioeconomic programs. A
graduate from Yale Univeristy in 1904.
sought to help Blacks make the transition from a
environment to city life of the North. Haynes
created the committee on Urban conditions
among Negroes in 1910, and out of this sprang the
National Urban League.



MALCOLM X
(1925-1965)

Malcolm X (Little) admired for his
bare honesty, fiery personality and
dramatic raised himself
rom the core of tape ghetto and d
ed out against rces whi rpetuati

segregation, oppression and denial of Black worth.
Malcolm stood in opposition to the non-violent
movement and believed it was a crime for any race
to accept brutality without exercising measures of
self defense.

] tions and sit_;
racial equality Where ins all over the country for

- n
walking hand ner ee for the

nt the abused, people grew to love. ate eee r