The Minority Voice, April 15-22, 1999


[This text is machine generated and may contain errors.]






"The television made me do it!"
---Stephen Johnson disputes one
of the world's easiest excuses

ACLU sues military and public
schools

150 Democrats vote against con-
demning hatred and bigotry

Serving Eastern North Carolina Since 1981

We don't have eternity to realize our dreams, only the

April 15 - April 22, 1999,

time we have here.

EAST CAROLINA

--- Susan *

UNIVERSITY

Taylor, editor o}

by Stephen Johnson

Greenville, NC -- The Pitt County
branch of the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored
People held a fellowship banquet at
East Carolina University's Willis
Building on April 10. At_ the
banquet, speaker Melvin "Skip"
Alston spoke on the growth and
empowerment of young Black
America. i:

"You are the children the slaves

Youth Issues

Reunion weekend

Panel explores the crisis afflicting
African-American young men

Nestle honors "The Very Best ? of
nation's youth

Parents blame shooting on media
and Internet

Violence mars Black College

prayed for, he said, the ones with
the most education, the opportunity,
and the most likely to accomplish
the goals we once thought impossi-
ble. ? Alston, a member of the
national board of trustees since
1987, is the former president of the
Greensboro branch of the NAACP,
and serves as the North Carolina
President of the NAACP. He was
extremely pleased with the turnout
of youth at the fellowship banquet.
Alston, when speaking about
the trails and tribulations that the
pioneers of Black America had to
endure, pointed out that, despite all
they endured, they still found a way

|
An InDepth
Look

to pave the way for their children.
Alston believes that it is the

responsibility of Young Black

America to leave a legacy for future

How young people from around
the world are helping to save the
Earth

Faith
Inspirat

Mrs. Beatrice Maye gives tips on
codes of conduct

The History
Black America

The Massacre on Black Wall
Street: Piercing the veil of secrecy
for a look at history's hidden
holocaust

Pastor George Hawkins talks |}

about speaking in tongues hl

Black Americans. He reminds
young people that they are our most
prized possession, next to the Black
woman.

oThe Black woman should not

allow herself to be derailed by

romance," he said. "Your identity is
not defined by clothes, jewelry, or
the people around you, but by the
expectations of the world around
you not wishing you to succeed."
He pointed out that it is that
worldly expectation for failure that
drives Black America today. wy
are we waiting to lead?" he asked.
"Do you need more education, more
money? Are your surroundings not
allowing you to move fo " He
answered his own question: oIt's
not your surroundings, but the
quality of your mind and the
strength of your soul. ?

With a dynamic flair worthy of
the late Dr. Martin Luther King,
Jr., Alston mesmerized listeners as
he continued to mentor the young
and enlighten others. When his
speech was concluded, the audience
awarded him with a standing
ovation.

D.D. Garrett, a Grenville busi-
nessman who had just celebrated
his 57th wedding anniversary as of
four o'clock that afternoon, was
also pleased with the turnout of
young people, saying "It was the
best banquet we ever held."

One thought, however, did seem
to linger in the back of peoples
minds: the noticeable absence of
key members, which led to conver-
sations of why more people have
not joined the NAACP.

oWe want to encourage people to
join our honored and respected
organization," said Ann Huggins, a

Plus:

A special visual salute to the
NAACP, celeberating their 90th
anniversary!

Some of those attending the

Mason McCullough (NCBPA presi
News); Paul Jervay, Jr.(NCBPA vi
Carolinian), S

oPublisher

Jim Rouse

Editors
Trey Bankhead
Stephen Johnson
Layouts
Chris White

Marketing
William Clark
Brenda Rouse

Pictures received by The
"M" Voice newspaper be-
come the property of Zhe
"M" Voice. We are not re-
sponsible for lost pictures.
All articles, columns, and
advertisements must be
mailed to the above address.
If you have a complaint,
please address it to Mr.. Jim
Rouse, Publisher.

Jim Rouse

Communications
Home of
AM Radio Stations
WOOW & WTOW
(JOY 1320 oi JOY 1340)
an

The Minority Voice

P.O. Box 8361
405 S. Evans Street
Greenville, NC 27834
(252) 757-0365
(252) 757-0425
Fax: 757-1793

NCBPA meeting were (left to right):
J.J.Jones (NCBPA secretary and publisher of The Fayetteville Press);
dent and publisher of The County |}

ce-president and publisher of The |{ attitud ! .
] children are to approve of them-

hen Johnson (co-Editor of
representing publisher Jim Rouse, Vivian Edmonds (publisher of The
Carolina Times), Kenneth Edmonds (General Manager of The Carolina
Times), and Clarence Benton (publisher of The Asheville Advocate).

The Minority Voice),

Statesville, NC -- The North
Carolina Black Publishers
Association met recently in

Statesville, North Carolina, to work
toward resolution of goals and
objectives, including workshops for

ican-American journalists, en-
couraging more African-American
journalism and sales/marketing
majors to pursue career opportuni-
ties in the Black press; increasing

H awareness of African American
] issues and concerns, meeting or-
ganizational and community needs
I via the Internet and other business

matters.

President Mason McCullough
opened discussion on the first time
item of business, which was consid-
ering changing the name of the
North Carolina Black Publishers
Association to be more inclusive,
rather than exclusive, to include
not only the publishing industry,
but African Americans in radio &
television broadcasting, magazines

and other media. While it was
suggested that a new name for the
organization could be the Carolinas
Minority Media Association, it was

ort rules ace

entifieaton

By Thomas Martello

TRENTON, N.J. (AP) -- The New
}] Jersey Supreme Court has ruled
} that juries in some mixed-race
} criminal cases should be told that
| witnesses have a tougher time
j identifying defendants of another
race. The court ruled April 12 that
} there have been ample studies and
} that most jurisdictions accept the
concept.
f "Indeed some courtroom observ-
ers have commented that the
ordinary person's difficulty of
cross-racial recognition T is so com-
bottcliche and te: they I Took
Ic Joke: look
alike," the court wrote.
The court ordered a new trial in

racial instruction" alerting jurors
pay close attention to the possible

influence of race in identifying
defendants.

The woman had not recognized
a photograph of Cromedy that she
was shown a few after the
rape. However, she alerted police
eight months later when she spot-
ted Ci on a street corner. She
identified

NAACP President Melvin "

Attending the NAACP Banquet were (left to right); Walt Morehead, D-D. Garrett, banquet speaker
kip" Alston, Pitt County chapter President Gaston Monk, and Greenville City

Council members Chuck Autry and Rufus Huggins.

and state

member of the executive commit-
tee. "We need the support of both
young and old to continue the
legacy of the NAACP into the next
millennium."

The NAACP is the oldest,

largest and strongest civil rights
organization in the United States.
It's principal objective is to ensure
the political, educational, social
and economic equality of minority
group citizens of the United States.
The NAACP is committed to
achievement through non-violence
and relies upon the press, the
petition, the ballot and the courts,

and is persistent in the use of legal
and moral persuasion even in the
face of overt and violent racial
hostility.

The NAACP was formed in
1909 in New York City by a group

of Black and White citizens com-
mitted to helping to right social
injustices. The founders were Mary
White Ovington, Dr. Henry
Moscowitz, Oswald Garrison
Villiard, William English Walling,
Ida Wells-Barnett and W.E.B.
DuBois led the "Call" to renew the
struggle for civil and political
liberty. .

NAACP is _headquarte

Its current leader is Kweisi
Mfume, who serves as
President, Chief Executive Officer,
and the official spokesperson for
the NAACP

The NAACP is a network of

more than 2,200 branches covering
all 50 states, the District of
Columbia, Japan and Germany.

They are divided into seven regions
and are managed and governed by
a National Board of Directors. The

red in
Baltimore, Maryland. Total mem-

bership exceeds 500,000.

[NAACP prepares for the new millennium)

| fronicr of challenges,

] The following was written by Pitt
} County NAACP President Gaston

Monk.
There is mounting excitement

1 and speculation:as we approach the

year 2000. Inherent in the excite-
ment and novelty of a new millen-
nium T are new challenges and
problems. This is not a mere
transition from one year to another.
There must be a new generation of
eadership to confront this new
problems

ere must be a

I passing of the baton. We can no

longer be content to march to the

l beat of the masses to achieve

maximum success. Possibilities
must be weighed, plans must be

aid, commitments must be made

and a price must be paid.

No improvement is possible with

1 an unimproved people, We must

_
If our

also recommended that the NCBPA §

considering accepting memberships |

get its own affairs in order before
from other media. After further

discussion, it was decided to leave |
} TRENTON, N.C. (AP) -- A Black

the name oNorth Carolina Black
Publishers Association" as is.

The members of the NCBPA are
Mason McCullough, NCBPA presi-
dent; Paul Jervay, Jr .. NCBPA
vice-president, J.J. Jones, NCBPA

» Vivian
Kenneth Edmonds;

Benton; Jim Rouse; Dr. John M.
Kilimanjaro; Peter Grear, Gerald
Johnson; Bob Johnson; Ernest H.
Pitt; and Willie E. Jervay.

Those attending the meeting
were newspaper publishers, editors,
and general managers.

|
|

Edmonds, |
Clarence ff ected Svivia Willis on April 13.
She will complete former Mayor
Joffree Leggett's term, which ex-
pires in November. Leggett re-
=e in March after saying
B were not leaders and would

selves, they must see that we
approve of ourselves and are com-
mitted to the success of the family.
If we persist in self-disrespect, our
vouth will continue to make exodus
into streets filled with vulgarity and
We must teach our youth to be
accountable for school studies,
household chores, and after school
jobs. The better they handle respon-
sibilities as they mature, the better
role models they will become for
future generations.

We must teach them to be ten-
acious. Tenacious people are nearly
impossible to defeat, turn down or
turn around. They know that
winners never quit and quitters
never win. Tenacity is an i
ingredient in any formula for
success. Without. it, much that we
take for granted would have been
left undiscovered or undone.

A relationship with Jesus Christ
must be established and faith must

ennium are to think unth
thoughts and to dream impos:

dreams. Our ancestors did just that,
and we can do no less. We must
overcome every

va

ing athletes ; and entertainers as role

odes, each of us needs to purpose

to serve as mentors and tutors. We
must prepare to endure longer, be
better and be stronger.

The challenges of the next mifl-
unthinkable

heritage that has
obstacle and has

"$ "$ "$ "$$ " "

woman was selected mayor of this
small town. where no Black has
ever before held office, succeeding
a White man who resigned after
saying Blacks are unfit to govern.
The Town Council unanimously

rather be led by Whites.
He made the comments amid

criticism over the farming town's

refusal to annex three Black neigh-
borhoods that have about 100
residents. Trenton at the time had
200 residents, about 50 of them
Black.

After the NAACP got involved
and Blacks boycotted Trenton busi-
nesses, all of which are White-
owned, the Town Council agreed to

annex the neighborhoods.

Mrs. Willis' husband, activist
Daniel J. Willis, had threatened
another boycott unless a Black
person was named to the council.

"This is the beginning of a
coming together -- or i
anyway," Mrs. Willis said.







angry @ and aga parents blam-
i llywood, the music industry,
a everyone else for the moral

and lack of discipline in our

When will they admit that
these problems start at home?

A few days ago, the parents of
three children killed in a shooting
spree in Paducah, Kentucky, an-
nounced their intent to file a $130
million lawsuit against two Internet
porn sites, several computer game
companies and the makers of the
1995 Leonardo DiCaprio movie,
The Basketball Diaries.

I say: Why stop there? Let's sue
rap videos for their violent por:
trayal of gang violence, the makers
of Francis Ford Coppola's The
Godfather trilogy, the entire porno
industry, horror films for sense-
lessly glorifying graphic violence,

the school system for not teaching
the difference between real life and
imagination, and the churches for

guidelines they need.

But before we sue anyone, let's
sue the parents, whose lack of
supervision allowed their children
access to such materials. Let's sue
the consumer, whose growing a
tite for sex and violence make these
types of movies possible in the first
place. In short, let's look at
ourselves. How did we go so
terribly wrong as mentors that our
children have such a total disregard

for morality and decency? When

WALICRAD Tr

Enough is enough! I am so tired of

did we, as adults, develop a taste
for blood so strong that it has begun
to effect our children?

I am truly sorry for the lost lives
of the three young people. I am
also deeply concerned that a 14-
year-old child had access to a
loaded gun and the proper knowl-
edge of how to use it. However,
venting your anger out on
Hollywood or the Internet will not
solve the problem. All of America
is responsible for the deaths of
these young people. Unless we
curb our desire for glorifying
violence, our children never will.

Religion: Even though there is a
lot of debate over which religion is
the best one to follow, I find all of
them instrumental in rearing a
child and teaching them right from

wrong. When I hear of a child that
has killed someone, I always
wonder what type of religious
upbringing did he have, if any.

The Baby-sitter: Parents need to
realize that the television set is not
a baby-sitter. Far too often, we put
our children in front of a television
set aS a way of keeping them
occupied while we complete other
chores. What parents need to
realize is that if they are not there
child's role model, someone else
will take that role.

Supervision: It is my -understand-

i

_ "_ "-=

oe ee os 2 eer eS ~ "
ea

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in your fingertips. The symptoms of a heart
attack can be very deceptive. They can also have
life-threatening consequences. Swift and accu-
rate diagnosis is a critical first step in dealing
with these symptoms. And if a heart attack is
confirmed, it is crucial that you receive the best
care available from specialists who understand
both the problem and the treatment.

That's why many heart patients in our
region come to Greenville for advanced treat-
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staff in the Heart Center at University Health
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of cardiac care. From open heart surgeries,

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If CHICAGO (AP) ~ Schools, mili-

Unit

tary bases and other publicly

I funded groups have no business
} sponsoring Boy Scout troops so

long as Scouts are required to take
a religious oath, the American
Civil Liberties Union says.

In a federal lawsuit filed April
14, the ACLU argues that public
funding of Boy Scouts of America
troops violates the constitutional
requirement of separation of church
and state.

"Government agencies simply
cannot spend tax dollars on pro-
grams that exclude people because
of their religious beliefs," ACLU
attorney Roger Leishman said.

The suit, filed on behalf of five
taxpayers, names as defendants the
Chicago Public Schools and the
States Transportation
Command, headquartered at Scott
Air Force Base in southern Illinois.
Leishman said the two defendants
represent any local agency in
Illinois that receives state funding

He did not know how many
schools in Illinois sponsor troops.

"There is no allegation that any
individual student or leader has
suffered any kind of discrimination
based on religion in connection
with any program sponsored by the
Chicago Public Schools," said
Robert Hall, first assistant attorney
with the Chicago Public Schools
system.

The Boys Scouts of America also
said the lawsuit is without merit.

"It is regrettable that the ACLU
would seek to deny these boys
access to the scouting program
simply because they promise to do
their duty to God," national spokes-
man Gregg Shields said.

The ACLU has been a longtime
critic of the Boy Scouts. Last year,
it sued the city of Chicago over the
organization's oath as well as its
ban on gay members. The city,
which had sponsored troops, ended
its affiliation with the organization.

SAN FRANCISCO (AP) -- Little

progress has been made in recent

years to increase the number of
minority journalists at daily news-

according to a study pre-
sented at the annual convention of
the American Society of Newspaper
Editors.

The percentage of Asian-
American, Black, Hispanic and
American Indian newsroom em-
ployees increased from 11.46 in
1997 to 11.55 in 1998, based on
figures released April 13.

For the first time, the survey also
counted female journalists, finding
they represent about 37 percent of
news staffs.

"T still think there are a lot of
editors who don't understand the
importance of diversity," said
Nancy Baca, president of the
National Association of Hispanic
Journalists and an assistant features
editor at the Albuquerque Journal
in New Mexico.

Edward Seaton, outgoing ASNE
president and editor in chief of the
Manhattan (Kan.) Mercury, said a

150 Democrats vote against condemning racism

WASHINGTON, (PRNewswire) --
On March 24, Republican National
Committee Chairman Jim
Nicholson sharply criticized 150
Democrats who opposed a reso-
lution that would have condemned
racism, anti-Semitism, ethnic
prejudice and religious intolerance.
"The 150 Democrats who went

on record yesterday against a
resolution condemning hatred and
bigotry wherever and in whatever

ing that the parents believe that the
14-year-old was influenced by the
violence he witnessed in The
Basketball Diaries, several violent
computer games as well as logging
on to several Internet porn sites.

My question is this: Who bought
the video games? Who let him see
an R-rated movie? Who supervised
what type of Internet sites he could
visit? Don't forget.....we can't put
all this on his parents. He had

form they may be found, T have
demonstrated a willingness to give
common decency a back seat to
strident partisan politics, ?
Nicholson said.

The resolution considered by the
House of Representatives would
have reaffirmed America's commit-
ment to diversity, reaffirmed the

fact that individual liberties are not
negotiable, and called on all
Americans to reject the forces of

friends whose houses he visited,
and he certainly was exposed to the
same influences there, as well.

There's a much-overused saying:
"It takes a village to raise a child."
Parents need to realize that, when
one of those children falls, it's also
takes a village to pick him back up.
After all, if the village gets the
praise for the child's accomplish-
ments, then they should also share
the blame for their failures.

hatred and bigotry. Although it
received the support of a majority
of the House, 254-152, it did not
get the 286 votes necessary for en-
actment under the applicable House
rules.

In addition to the 150 Democrats
who voted against the Watts resolu-
tion, nearly the same number (23)

ted "present" as voted for passage
(36), Nicholson noted..

's credibility is connected
to the diversity of its staff.

oMost editors have come toa "
very clear conclusion that reflecting:
the diversity of their communities
is f core survival issue, ? Seaton
said. :

The survey also showed declines
for members of minority groups
receiving internships and getting a
first full-time journalism job.

In contrast, the number of
minority-owned newpapers and

:

rs focusing solely on mi
nority issues have increased signifi-
cantly:

Catalina Camia, president of
Unity: Journalists of Color, an
alliance of | Asian-American,
Hispanic, Black, and American
Indian journalists, found one un-
changed statistic particularly trou-
bling -- 9 percent of newsroom
supervisors are minorities.

"These are the positions of real
decision-making," said Camia, a
Washington correspondent for the
Dallas Morning News. Looking at
the big picture, these numbers tell
us that incredible efforts need to be
taken if we are going to get young
people of color interested in jour-
nalism."

At the April 13 session, ASNE
announced a series of initiatives,
including creation of a national
talent bank listing minority stu-
dents looking for internships or
their first jobs.

The board of the Associated
Press Managing Editors ratified the
list of initiatives, many of which
were the result of joint efforts by
the two editors' organizations.

ASNE's goal is for newsrooms to
reflect the racial and ethnic makeup
of the general population by 2025.

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The Minority Voice: April 15 - April 22, 1999

EEE KE AREER ELLIO a as

DAYTONA BEACH, Fla. (April
12) - A-year after a police shootout |

marred Black College Reunion, two
shootings and two stabbings left
one person dead and three in the
hospital April 11.
taig Grover of Jacksonville,

died the night of April 11 at
Halifax Medical Center, nursing
supervisor Judith Dyke said. Ansie
Pierre, 24, of Miami, was found

wounded in the stomach at a nearby |

motel about 100 yards away. He
was listed in stable condition.

_ The shooting began after an
argument about a drink that was
poured on someone's girlfriend,
Daytona Beach Mayor Bud Asher
said.

In a separate incident, a Daytona
Beach woman was stabbed in the
neck following an argument at the
Desert Inn. The victim, identified
as Shaneta Leshawn Jones, 20, was
upgraded from critical to stable
condition Sunday at Halifax
Medical Center. No arrests were
made, although Davis said a sus-
pect was identified.

Despite the violence, the host
city's mayor declared the weekend a
success. Mayor Bud Asher said the
incidents were isolated.

"I am not going to let it spoil the
good things that happened at
BCR," Asher said.

- Black College Reunion started in
1984 as a small gathering of
students from historically Back
Florida A&M University in
Tallahassee and nearby Bethune-
Cookman College. It now competes

it upon the Black

b

New York City students

opposite sex.
(Photo by the Associated Press)

pose for the cameras of some female
admirers during the Black College Reunion in Daytona Beach. The
Reunion, held every year since 1984, now competes

Freaknik as "the place to be" for Black students during Spring Break.
The primary activities are cruising, partying, and ogling members of the

with Atlanta's

the

with Atlanta's Freaknik as the place
to go for a "Black spring break."

Cruising, partying and ogling
members of the opposite sex are the
primary activities of the event,
which drew an estimated 100,000
celebrants.

A stabbing April 10 in Ormond
Beach, about 5 miles northwest of
Daytona Beach, resulted in the
arrest of an Orlando woman, who
was charged with aggravated as-
sault for allegedly wounding a man
from Alabama.

8

Timothy Jordan, 21, of
Birmingham, Ala., was listed in
satisfactory condition.

As of April 11, police had made
more than 300 arrests, 12 for
firearms possession and related
charges. They wrote about 2,400
Citations.

In 1998, 329 arrests were made
and 926 citations were written over
the three-day event. A man was
killed and four police officers were
wounded in a shootout that year.

Parents blame shooting on Hollywood

By James Prichard

PADUCAH, Ky. (April 12) - The
parents of three students killed
during a shooting spree at a
Kentucky high school are taking on
the entertainment industry, claim-
ing that media violence inspired the
boy who fired the shots.

On April 12, the parents an-
nounced their intent to file a $130
million lawsuit against two Internet
porn sites, several computer game
CO ies and the makers and

distributors of the 1995 Leonardo ?"?

DiCaprio film "The Basketball
Diaries."

The suit was filed in US.
District Court April 12, lawyers
said.

"We intend to hurt Hollywood.
We intend to hurt the video game
industry. We intend to hurt sex
porn sites" on the Internet, said
Jack Thompson, one of the parents T
lawyers.

The lawsuit claims that con-
fessed shooter Michael Carneal, a
14-year-old freshman at Heath

High School at the time of the Dec.
1, 1997, shootings, was influenced
by the violence in "The Basketball
Diaries" and by several violent
computer games such as "Doom,"
"Quake," and "Mortal Kombat."

One scene in "The Basketball
Diaries" shows a dream sequence in
which the main character, played
by DiCaprio, guns down his teacher
and some of his classmates.

The suit also claims Carneal
shootings, was an avid computer
user who logged onto Internet porn
sites to view sexually violent
material. - o* * °°

The shooting spree claimed the
lives of Jessica James, Kayce Steger
and Nicole Hadley and wounded
five other students.

"We believe the Heath shooter
was influenced by the movies he
watched, the computer games he
played and the Internet sites he
visited," Sabrina Steger, Kayce's
mother, told reporters.

Carneal pleaded guilty but men-
tally ill last October to nine
charges, including three counts of
murder and five counts of at-

We need a title for our
"Youth Issues" page!
Please call Trey Bankhead or Stephen :

Johnson at 757-0365 with your suggestions,
or fax them to 757-1793!

|
|

ln

Vibe
||
tid]

IS & WISDOM

Gl ane Roa a

"The Debt: (ree and Properaus

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|

ving Basic Course"

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tempted murder. In December, he
was sentenced to life in prison with
no possibility of parole for at least
25 years.

Among the defendants listed in
the lawsuit are the film's makers
and distributors, including Time
Warner Inc. and Polygram Film
Entertainment Distribution Inc.;
computer game makers Nintendo of
America Inc., Sega of America Inc.
and Sony Computer Entertainment
Inc.,; and the Internet sex sites
Network Authentication Systems
Inc. and Meow Media Inc.

The parents also filed a state
lawsuit last December charging
Carneal, his parents and several
administrators, teachers and stu-
oarth at the school with being

responsible for the shootings.

Visiting Judge Will Shadoan
later dismissed 24 defendants - 19
administrators and teachers and
five students - from the lawsuit. But
the parents have asked the
Kentucky Court of Appeals to
reinstate the 24 as defendants.

your home.

Ren'ee Wheaton
(252) 754-9950 @
Representing

Home Mortgages Inc.

(252) 328-4236

)

Reading
by Trey Bankhead

Please read the article to the left,
titled "Violence mars Black College
Reunion weekend." As an
Associated Press affiliate, we often
make use of articles given to us by

contains such messages.
First of all, look at the title. It

| oSuggests that the violence was such

that is made a significant impact
ege Reunion.
Such was not the case: even
Dayton Beach's mayor declared the
event a success.

A second problem with the title
is that it suggests that the violence
was in some way caused by the
massive influx of Blacks to the
area. This statement is true only
insofar as to assume that if any
large group comes to a city, there
will be problems of one nature or

an

BR eres
Hh
eERs
re

a
23

large to support this double stan-
dard is illogic of a most distasteful
kind, and frankly, media at large
needs to do better.

That the title alone is misleading
is bad enough. However, when you
delve into the actual substance of
the story, you discover more incon-
sistencies. For example, it is fasci-
nating to note the facility in which
the writer, who works for the
Associated Press, uses the police
reports for the area to support his

fee

observe in as objective a fashion as
possible. However, every single
person observes reality from their
own unique point of view (which is
controlled our own, hidden,
biases) which invalidates the oob-
jective" part of our job.

Question the news you receive
from the media. Read between the
lines. You'll often discover a truth
that is vastly different from what
others want you to perceive.

Nese ond

Best" of nation's youth

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GLENDALE, Calif.--(BUSINESS
WIRE)--Thirty-two young people
from across America will receive
Nestle's oVery Best In Youth"
award for their academic achieve-
ments and community service.
Sponsored by Nestle USA and

Reading Is Fundamental (RIF), the
Very Best in Youth award was

established in 1996. The 1999
winners were selected from some
500 entries nationwide.

"I am very proud of the accom-
plishments of these exceptional
young people, ? said Kenneth
Bentley, vice president, Nestle
Community Affairs. "They look
like America. They are from small
towns like Gap Mills, West
Virginia and from large metropoli-
tan cities such as Detroit,
Michigan, and they represent every
color of the ethnic rainbow.

"What binds them together is a
thirst for reading and a strong
desire to make their communities
and the world a better place to live.
They are truly an inspiration to
both their peers and to adults."

The Nestle Very Best In Youth
program honors young people who
have made reading and learning a
priority and, in the , have
made a tangible contribution to the
quality of life in their communities.

The young people selected were
chosen from nominees submitted by
teachers, parents, friends and RIF
coordinators and volunteers. All
will be featured in a_ special
publication and honored at a
ceremony in Los Angeles August
19, 1999.

to all of the honorees -- and to the

families, teachers, and community
members who have supported these
young people's achievements and
therefore share in this honor, ? said
Dr. William E. Trueheart, RIF's
president and chief executive offi-

cer.
"Each Very Best In Youth hon-

oree has demonstrated in his or her
own unique and inspiring way the
important links between reading,
learning, and community service.
"These young people are so
positive about life, so sure they can
ve an impact on their commu-
nity, it is easy to see how they have
come to represent the potential of
all of America's youth," said
Bentley. "These are the leaders, the
shapers of the next generation,
whether it be as poets or scientists,
teachers or public servants."
Trueheart also thanked Nestle
for developing and supporting the
Very Best In Youth program, which
he noted is "just one of the many
ways that Nestle USA has sup-
ported Reading Is Fundamental
over the years. It recognizes the
essence of. what RIF is all about:
our nation's young people. Nestle
Chairman Joe Weller and Nestle
employees have set a very high
standard of support for RIF and
America's children."
Communities from Los Angeles

to Berkeley Heights, N.J., have

benefited from the efforts of this
group of young people. The projects
include building houses for Habitat
for Humanity, organizing food
drives for the homeless, raising
money for cancer research and
fundraising to help a classmate
with Cystic Fibrosis.

"I'm very excited about being .
chosen as a Very Best In Youth, ?
said Julia Anderson of Oklahoma
City. "This award is about doing
your best and trying to help others,
and that's something we all can do
to make our community a better
place to live."

For Nestle, good corporate citi-

zenship means more than just
writing a check. The Very Best In
Youth program is just one of many
ways the corporation and its thou-
sands of employees, including
Chairman Joe Weller, give back to
the community year-round, with a
focus on education.
The company's community out-

reach includes: the "Very Best
Volunteer Adopt-A-School Pro-
gram"; the publishing of an ac-
claimed series of books highlight-
ing African-American, Hispanic,
women and children role models
for continuing inspiration and
guidance; the "Very Best College
Scholarship Fund"; continuing fi-
nancial support of RIF, which has
paved the way for the distribution
of more than a million books to
children; and a matching contribu-
tion plan for employee donations to
both RIF and the United Way.
Reading Is Fundamental (RIF)
develops and delivers children's
and family literacy programs that
help prepare young children. for
reading and motivate older children
to read. Through«.a national net-
work of teachers, parents, and
community volunteers, RIF pro- :
grams provide children with books :
and other essential literacy re- .
sources, at no cost to them or their
families. RIF focuses highest prior- '
ity on the nation's neediest chil- .
dren, from birth to age 11. ;
For well over a century, Nestle
has been making the very best food .
and beverage products for families |
around the world. In the United :
States, Nestle's well-known brands .
include: Nestle(R), Carnation(R),
Stouffer's(R), Hills Bros.(R), :
Libby's(R), Buitoni(R) |
Contadina(R), Nestea(R), Taster's
Choice(R), Ortega(R), Nestle(R) :
Crunch(R), Butterfinger(R), and '
Nestle(R) Toll House(R). .
With ers in Glendale, .
Nestle USA has 19,500 employees, '
$8 billion in sales, and is part of .
Swiss-based Nestle S.A. -- the:
world's largest food company.

WORDS OF WISDOM

HEALTH TIP

Know the signs of a heart attack and react immediately,
because early treatment is crucial. Call 911 or go to
the nearest emergency department if you feel chest
: pain either alone or ecoteied by squeezing or
pressure in the chest; pain that goes to the arm, shoulder,

back or neck; sweating, nausea or shortness of breath. |





: es

tee. agp pte oe,
4 ee oi,
8a : ata
a ee ;

s (originally published under the it
Help Them Save the

World?" in Parade magazine)
By Colin Greer

: _ oIL became an old person at 14,"
o oe Sangudi says. "Nothing
! Eventing Sanped. One ord
| wor!
* ended, and another one began."
: _ Genevieve is now 22. Her family
~, fled grein civil war was
tearing the country apart--w e
was 14, finally reaching the United
T States in 1991.
- oFor me, everything has been
Shaped by war," Genevieve says,
. "especially my awareness of our
human capacity for evil and for
. When the horrors of Rwanda
it the world press soon after I

eens

- arrived in the United States, people

- were shocked and wondered how
that could happen. But I know what
it was like."
Eva Morales also knows. "I was
imprisoned at the age of 12," she
. Temembers. Now just over 30,
*; Morales is a Guatemalan who
. arrived in the U.S. after living
:: through civil war in her country. "I
had to watch as family members
were taken away, never to be seen
*. again," she says.
Every year, more than 100,000
:. victims of political violence make
«+, their way to the U.S. Many are
-! Children who have experienced
T brutality, terror and fear in their
+: short lifetimes. Among these survi-
| Vors are some remarkable young
:. people. In response to the horrors
«; they witnessed, they have founded

_. an international human rights or-
+; ganization for youth called Global
-! YouthConnect (GYC). Its purpose
| is to bring together committed
-; youth of all nations to support other
: young people around the world who
* are working for peace
«; Seven of the 16 core members
: grew up in nations torn apart by
- civil war or ravaged by strife with
.* neighboring countries. Eight are
s Americans who have worked with
- them. A ninth American--Hameed
.- Williams, 26, of Brooklyn, N.Y.,
*, who has worked on human-rights
issues in this country since he was
*; 14--recently was added. The group
decided to focus on the U.S. as
z* well, recognizing that children at
o home also can be traumatized--by
* impoverished inner cities, migrant
:- labor camps and from neglect,
* ¢ abuse and violence (even in pros-
t perous suburbs).
*; The group was formed in 1997
mS: when Dr. Frank Ochberg, a psy-
: chiatrist specializing in trauma,
-: approached Judith Thompson, an
American who had worked with
*; children from war-torn countries
°° who were trying to spark activism
in U.S. schools. His idea was to
*,create an international human-
eo , ghts organization for youth.
Thompson helped form a nucleus

of extraordinary young people who
owould become Global
~* YouthConnect. The Dart

-'Foundation, which Dr. Ochberg
:Tepresents and which supports
Many projects dealing with victims
oof violence, contributed $75,000 to
get things started.
~: Until now, the group's projects
oshave been small, restricted to the
- members T native countries. But now
: «Global YouthConnect plans to ex-
ospand, says Thompson, and to train
-jyoung people from around the
oswork here in the U.S. The 16
o original members are the group's
. Isteering committee.
o "Global YouthConnect's mis-
osion, ? says Thompson, "is to sup-
port young people in action around
oadhe world--young people who are
othe victims of human-rights abuses

"and young people who are standing
to those who commit suc
We also aim to inspire
her who might be bystanders to

to reveal long pent-up wounds and
to heal.

I spoke with members of
YouthConnect individually and as a
rou in New York City, a usual

place. They talked openly
about e scars they carry. "It's over
on the outside, but it goes on inside
for those who survive and must go
on says Mirsad Jacevic, known as

Miki, 27, is from Sarajevo.
"Some of my close friends and
family were caught in the siege," he
recalls, and I saw many die from
hunger as well as random acts of
violence. My grandmother was the
person who taught me about toler-
ance. She never understood the
hatreds, and the ethnic cleansing
horrified her. She was Muslim and
accepted my non-Muslim father. I
learned the value of accepting

others from her." He pauses. "She |

was caught in the area of the city
where there was no food to be had,
and she starved to death."

Arn Chorn-Pond, 31, is from
Cambodia. "The Khmer Rouge (the

Communist guerrilla army that
took over the country) killed my
friends and family without warn-
ing, ? he says. "To the Khmer Rouge
there was no excuse for crying. I
watched children my own age
being taken to work fields and
executed when they cried. I learned
how not to cry when I saw those
horrible things happen. If I had
cried, I too would have been
executed."

"My big job has been to learn
how to cry, to get my feelings back,
to get myself back, to be with
others," he adds. "Somehow shar-
ing the pain has been the way in
which I could find myself again
and commit myself to the world."

Acutely aware of how years of
brutalization .can bring about a
paralysis of will in individuals as
well as an entire community,
members focus on ful rebuild-
ing and leadership development
among young people. They also
intend to educate American youth
to take action in human-rights
issues at home and abroad. They all
meet about once a month to discuss
potential projects.

"So many people, young and old,

have grown up with so much horror
and so much fear that they are
frozen inside, like I was," says Eva
Morales. "When millions of young
people are closed up because of
what they have seen and endured,
there is no chance for freedom to

come to a whole society. Talking

about my experiences with the
group, becoming free, has made me
want to do it for people back
home."

Eva brought together a group of
20 Guatemalans in their late teens
and early 20's. "We began talking
about what they had seen and felt,
she says. Her group quickly grew to
100, spreading to other parts of the
country.

Am Chomn-Pond trai his ,
project with a s group 0
Cambodian orphans and prosti-
tutes, building an organization
called Cambodian Volunteers for
Community Development. It now

has more than 50,000 members,
aged 5 to 25, who are involved in
community "rebuilding projects:
Some build houses and roads,

ae of
a] Rt We ery ohh

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others provide services for youths
who have been physically and
emotionally devastated by their

experiences.
Arn also has looked to the
artistic traditions of Cambodia to
help repair its society. "I have been
raising money to find old musicians
who've been hiding during the wars
and to bring them to teach young
people in order to pass on our
culture's traditions," he says. "I
myself have learned from such
masters. The war cut us off from
our culture. Through our art and.

en

AFSAT ABIOLA, 24

44 We want to use the power that
grows among us for others

DE too. We want
LB to encourage
acts of courage.
m The world
[a needs that so
badly. It Ts so
- easy to watch

nite it, The he in-

cluding Hafsat Ts father, who died there.
Her mother was shot dead in 1996.

MIKI JACEVIC, 27
7/4 Some of my close friends and
family were caught in the

~~ Hsiege, and I

outside, but it
goes on inside
for those who
survive. ?

Born in Sarajevo, which was unde
siege from 1992 to 1995. Approxi-
mately 200,000 of a population of
500,000 fled. More than 10,000 were

50,000 civilians were wounded.

killed "including 1500 children "and

music, I believe we can help to heal

and make ourselves ready for the "

work ahead."

In addition to healing, Global
YouthConnect emphasizes peaceful
protert oWe think acts of

ig g-bree nl cor aha Abiola,
24. Hes father, the electing president
of Nigeria, was imprisoned in 1993
after a military takeover, He re-
cently died, still in n. Hafsat's
mother, who worked for his release,
was herself shot dead by military

agents in 1996. In the U.S., Hafsat
has worked to promote democracy

MARTIN DUNN, 32
44 Young people can Spark
enormous change in a country.

EVA MORALES, 30

I couldn Tt tell them about my

them, I got
more and
more free. I
want to bring
that freedom
to people back

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150,000 people were killed, 50,000 are
still missing and more than a million
civilians (out of 10 million) were driven
from their homes or forced into exile.

planned there in March 1998, even

|ARN CHORN POND 31
44. My big job has been to learn
how to cry, to get my feelings
back, to get
myself back.
Sharing the
pain has been
the way in
which I could
find myself
again and
commit myself
: to the world. ?
Born in Cambodia. Under the Khmer
btwn 975 and 1979 (aur of
LLP, ot laaee

pi pe
ons,
r a small group of ican
to travel to Kosovo to
stand ate (This time no vio-
lence occurred.) ;
What motivates the American
members of Global YouthConnect?

"So many young people don't tap
into their true power," says Martin

e Dunn, who grew up in a Boston

suburb. "They shrink from caring
and create a kind of isolation for
themselves. This is reinforced by
how the world so often refuses to
nea (0 young people. ,

" people can spar!
enormous change, Think of the
young people at Tiananmen Square
or in Indonesia recently. Think of
Martin Luther King, Jr., who was.
26 when he led the civil rights
movement. We want to challenge
young people to think differently
and follow their thoughts into
action. We can reshape by the
world together."

For information, call 1-888-473-
3828 or send e-mail to con-
tact@globalyouthconnect.org. You
can also visit their website at
www. globalyouthconnect.org.

(Pictures provided by Parade
magazine. Photographs taken by
Roy Karien, Karjean Ng, Jason
Burfield, and Bill O'Connell.)

(4 How can we expect things to
get better if we don Tt take

im HAMEED WILLIAMS, 26

fe ¢é I value the opportunity to work
with colleagues from many
countries in
efforts to
change

J conditions of

4 oppression and
violence that
affect people
here in the U.S.

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The Minority Voice: April 15 - April 22, 1999

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HOSPITAL VISITS
1. Keep it short.
2. Bring something for the patient
(Bunch of grapes, a couple of

magazines).

3. Keep sick children at home.

4. Children shouldn't make per-
sonal remarks about the patient.

5. Children should try not to stare
at other patients.

6. Children shouldn't run or shout.

AUDIENCE
PARTICIPATION
1. Stay in your seat.
2. Don't kick the seat in front of
you.
3. Don't talk.
4. Don't eat or drink.

TABLE MANNERS

1. Come to the table with clean.

hands and face.
2. Bow your head if a blessing is

said.
Hold the fork like a pencil.
Don't hold your fork in your fist

.
.
.
.

0. Taste every food.

1. Don't criticize the food.

12. Put your knife and fork together
at the end of the meal.

13. Don't eat and run.

14. Take your cues from the
hostess.

15. Use cutlery (knives, forks,
spoons) from outside in.

16. Spoon soup away from you.

17. Offer serving plates to your
neighbor first.

18. Salt and pepper are passed
together.

19. Bread is meant to be broken.

20. Don't crumple your napkin or
blow your nose on it.

21. Don't drink from the finger

bowls.

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
1

MANNERS OF SPEECH

1. Speak when you are spoken to.

2. No whispering.

3. No muttering.

4. Don't be a smart aleck.

5. Don't contradict.

6. Avoid insults.

7. Say "You're welcome ? when
someone thanks you.

8. When someone says "How are
you?" answer, "Fine, how are
you?"

9. Say "I'm sorry" when you bump
into someone.

10. Keep it clean.

11. If you can't say something nice,
don't say anything at all.

12. If you must tease, do it

carefully.

13. Avoid personal remarks, unless
they're compliments.

14. Keep your voice down.

SLEEPOVER MANNERS

1. Follow the family routine.

2. Eat what's offered.

3. Don't keep the other kids awake.
4. Don't wake anybody up unless
there's an emergency.

5. Take home everything you
brought.

6. Say "Thank you" when you
leave.

COMPUTER COURTESY
1. No food -or drink near the
computer.

2. No sticky fingers on the keys.

3. Put things back the way they
were.

4. No snooping.

WHAT GROWN-UPS LIKE
1. Speak when you're spoken to.

2. Do as you're asked.

3. Ask nicely.

4. "Please" and "Thank you" are
essential.

5. Don't grab.

IN THE CAR
1. Do not offer rides to other
children without consulting the
driver.

2. Don't expect the car pool to
transport pets, sports equipment,
or bulky school projects, without
warning.

. Do not expect changes that
lengthen the route.

. No bathroom talk.

. Don't touch the radio dial.

. Don't criticize the music.

_ Ask permission before eating in
the car.

8. Don't leave any litter.

ww

AAAS

9. Don't criticize the*car or the way
it's driven.

YOUNG ROMANCE

1. No PDA's--that stands for
"Public Display of Affection:
kissing, nuzzling, whatever.

. Don't tie up the phone.

. Don't tie up the computer.

. Take it easy on the gifts.

Be nice.

. Gentlemen, walk on the outside

of the sidewalk.

. Gentlemen, rise when a lady

enters the room.

. A gentleman holds a lady's chair
as she seats herself at the table.

FAMILY MEALTIMES
1. Eat regular meals together.
2. Turn off the TV, turn down the
music.
3. Turn on the answering machine.
(Helping your children appreciate
that mealtimes are as much about
communication as they are about
eating is the first step to instilling
good table manners.

HATS OFF
1. During the Pledge of Allegiance
or the National Anthem.

eo NY AMNSWH

2. In some houses of worship.

3. At the table. *

4. Extra credit: In an elevator, -
when a lady enters.

SIMPLE TIPS
1. Say "Hello" and "Goodbye."
2. Say "Please".
3. If you make their job more
difficult, apologize. .
4. Say "Thank you".

From: Elbows Off the Table,
Napkin in the Lap, No Video
Games During Dinner: The
Modern Guide to Teaching
Children Good Manners, by Carot
Wallace, M.D.

ANNOUNCEMENTS -

Our condolences to the families of
Reverend Clarence Gray and Dr.
Elbert E. Jones.

Mrs. Mattie Barnes has recently
returned from Chicago, Illinois,
where she was visiting with her
daughter.

:Pastor Dr. George Hawkins

The prophet Joel spoke, "In the
last days, God says, I will pour out
my spin on all flesh... your sons
and daughters will prophesy.." (Joel
2:28-32). The Apostle Peter in-
sisted that the outpouring of the
Holy Spirit is the fulfillment of this
scripture. Other prophets in the Old
Testament foretold of the coming of
the Holy Spirit with the evidence of
speaking in tongues. Isiah 28:11-12
says: "For with stammering lips
and another tongue will he speak to

this people. To who he said, this is
the rest wherewith ye may cause the
weary to rest; and this is the
refreshing..."

Speaking in tongues is an evi-
dence of having been baptized in
the Holy Spirit. There is much
concern and mystery today among
some non-evangelical Christians
about this "talking in tongues." All
that is necessary for them to do is
to open the Bible, read the Word,
and know the Truth. They also

differ on whether a person filled
with the Spirit will eventually
speak in tongues as proof of His
presence. Some say yes, others
think no single gift is greater than
any other, so that a person may
manifest a gift other than tongues
and yet be considered filled with
the Holy Spirit.

But in all my years of ministry, I
have never seen any one who was
truly baptized in the Spirit who did
not talk in tongues, for tongues is a

On speaking in tonsves.....

sign for the unbeliever. It is the
initial supernatural sign even be-
fore the change in a person's life is
evidenced. It is the beginning of it
all. It is the door into the rest of the
spiritual gifts.

Tongues is a language given
directly by God to help you pray,
worship, and prophesy. Some evan-
gelical (Bible-believing) Christians
pray in tongues daily because it
helps them to know the will of God
for their lives. Romans 8:26-27

part 1

reads: "Likewise the Spirit also
helpeth our infirmities, for we
know not what we should pray as
we ought, but the Spirit itself -
maketh intercessions for us with -
groanings which cannot be ut-
tered." .

(To be continued next issue)
Dr. George A. Hawkins is the ?

pastor of the Tabernacle Church of
Deliverance in Greenville. :

ead the Word of God and know the truth

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The Nisesacee on Black Wall

By Richard Muhammad and
Tryone Muhanimad

Seventy-eight years ago Whites
and Blacks fought a ya Memorial Day
weekend battle in Tulsa, Okla. In
the end, 36 blocks of property with
homes, movie theaters, a bank,
hospital, 21 churches, 30 grocery
stores and a post office were
destroyed and a prosperous Black
community lay in ruins.

A commission set up by the state T
legislature is | into the
assault on "Black Wall Street," in
Tulsa's Greenwood section, and
soon hopes to say whether repara-
tions are due to descendants of
Black victims, and hopes to tell the
story of exactly what happened

"What we're finding of the Tulsa
riot is that it was a violent, tragic
event in Oklahoma's history, laid
on top of the racial conflicts of the
time because it was a Jim Crow
State. Also, it was a segregated
community and a violent commu-
nity, as the Wild West was,
especially on the oil frontier that
Tulsa was on in 1921," said Dr.
Bob Blackburn, commission chair-
man in an interview with The Final
Call.

The Tulsa Race Riot Commis-
sion includes seven Blacks and six
Whites, an archaeologist and a
pathologist. It was the brainchild of
Don Ross, a Black state representa-
tive, who grew up in Tulsa and
whose family members are survi-
vors of the 1921 race riot.

"Rep. Ross felt that there was
never a public dialogue on the

Tulsa riot. One, what was truth,
how 1

people lost their lives,
gots

The search for truth isn't an easy

task. Whites estimate deaths at. |

about 700 and deny collusion by
city leaders to ransack "Little

citizens are to blame for an all-out
assault, ignited after a White
woman accused a Black shoeshine
man of aseantting bes in an
clevator, but really fueled by White

jealousy
Blacks and Whites fought each

other in the street with guns, knives
and other weapons. Outnumbered
and outgunned, surviving Blacks,
who ran out of ammunition, were
rounded up, then beaten, shot or
even killed before interment in a
city convention center, according to
some Sayer and sd yam
itroglycerin te were
even dropped on Black Wall Street,
according to Blacks and White
policeman, whose account were
captured in a 1921 Chicago
Defender article.
In the article, reproduced i in the
book "Angels of Mercy, ? the police-
man says prominent city officials
met and planned how to drop
bombs on the district from air-
planes. The community had grown

Realtore ASI ee

ek °

p as segregation forced
Blacks to do business with one
another and, some say, intermar-
riage with Indians led to ownership
of Tand where oil was later discov-
e

NT
Otary Public

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There are odifferent perceptions
of the Tulsa race riots. Probably, on
the one side, at the far end of the
spectrum would be it was a
conspiracy to destroy the Black
community. At the other far end,

; Whites in bosh the Nostrand South

lashed out against Black Americans

| with a rage that knew no bounds, ?
- said a report complied by four
| university scholars for Florida's

. The state used the
$7 million in repara-

state |
report to pay

| thane to deevendants of Blacks who

suffered a similar attack in the
1923 Rosewood, Fla., massacre,

| where a Black community was
decimated

Brown, of the Milwaukee-
based Black Holocaust Society,
which has a website devoted to the
Tulsa massacre on the Internet,
adamantly declares Whites need to
give up deeds to land taken from
Blacks who fled. The families of
Black victims deserve reparations
and should get the land back, he
said. oWhat is to be learned is how
vile a race of people can be," said
Mr. Brown. He blames White
hatred, jealousy and arrogance for
the Tulsa riot.

Dr. Blackburn feels it's too early
to conclude White Tulsans specifi-
cally wanted to destroy Black Wall
Street. He argues Whites were
making more money off of the
prosperous business district than

qq

f

Eg
of

e

Richard Muhammad and Tryone

F

é

trig

if
He

ef

A
4

;

i

i
sf

:
SB

ee ee ee eR Fe RE

+

tin 3

Muhammad are both writers for
The Final Call newspaper.

The Minority Voice would like to
thank The Final Call for the use
this article, as well as the Bl
Holocaust Society for the use of the

graphic.

Blac

, |
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$39.00 (AP) | 6/12 - 6/90

Pre-Pay
Registration
Begins
in the

Leslie
Building
Room 146
on

April 27th
5-8 pm

7-9am
11am -2pm
§-8pm

il
11am -2pm
5-8 pm

For
information
about a
class or for
pre-pay
registration
information,
call the
Continuing
Education
Division at
321-4388.

First Come/

First Served

You are
encouraged
to complete

pre-pay
registration

to ensure

your space!

*= For
Educators


Title
The Minority Voice, April 15-22, 1999
Description
The 'M' voice : Eastern North Carolina's minority voice-since 1987. Greenville. N.C. : Minority Voice, inc. James Rouse, Jr. (1942-2017), began publication of The "M" Voice in 1987 with monthly issues published intermittently until 2010. At different times, the paper was also published as The "M"inority Voice and The Minority Voice. It focused on the Black community in Eastern North Carolina.
Date
April 15, 1999 - April 22, 1999
Original Format
newspapers
Extent
Local Identifier
MICROFILM
Subject(s)
Spatial
Location of Original
Joyner NC Microforms
Rights
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Permalink
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