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East Carolina University, P.O Box 2516 , Greenville. N.C.
Once upon a time
in a land far away
Once upon a time in a land far away, a long long time
ago, there was a small quiet, peaceful school in a small,
quiet, peaceful town. The voice of the students at this
school was then known as THE TECH ECHO.
The school is no longer quiet or small. It is not
altogether peaceful. Many changes have transpired
during the transition from a teachers training school
with a student body of 174 to the university of today.
We are talking, of course, about the school in Greater
Groovy Greenville. ECU is now a university making its
presence felt across the state and across the nation.
The voice of the students has also changed, matching
the growth and change of the school. One of the original
issues contained prominent stories on a meeting in
Atlanta, Ga. and a meeting of the Athletic Association
on campus. Also inclucj?t'was a report of a sermon
delivered by the president of the school on "Christian
Education
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control, on?.hgHTryeaToM voto ftnrhstijrlents on
academic committee of the university.
Also included is a highly controversial reprint
entitled, "The Student As Niyger
Just as the University today is focusing on more than
the training of teachers, so the student press is focusing
on more than being a newspaper bulletin board.
Just as the name of the University has been changed
to reflect the change in its purpose and focus, so the
newspaper's name has been changed to reflect its
purpose and focus.
ith this issue we present a new word to represent
the vo : the students. We invite your response.
the woid Fountainhead because it best
reflected the feelings of the staff on what our newspaper
should be. The definition of fountainhead is, "a place of
origin or issue
We feel tins word
newspaper because the student newspaper should be the
origin or source of nous and ideas for the student.
It is the duty of the newspaper to focus upon the
local, state and national issues affecting students here.
It is our duty to present to the students a qualified
reporting of past events and advance notice of upcoming
situations.
It is our duty to be the primary source of all news
affecting students and to do so fairly, justly and with
integrity.
We feel the word Fountainhead represents this duty.
THE STAFF
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September 9, 1969
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Muaents included on Women choose "self-
September 9, I!
academic committees
By WAYNE EADS
Student membership on academic committees is an
issue currently being considered by many universities
across the nation. The Committee on Committees of the
Faculty Senate, in its program on the analysis and
development of the academic committee structure of
the Senate, proposed last year and this summer, the
matter of students on academic committees of the
Faculty Senate.
The members of the Committee studied the
question: Will the participation of students in this phase
of academic governance make education more relevant
for the individual student and enhance the overall
educational program of the university?
Twofold study method
In their report to the Faculty Senate the committee
showed their study had consisted of a twofold
approach. A questionaire was sent to a number of
universities asking for information relating to this
matter. This showed a sample of the national consensus.
Local feeling was sampled through an open hearing on
the matter.
The questionnaire was sent to 85 schools in the
United States. More than three-fourths of the fifty nine
replies received stated that students were allowed to be
members on some academic committees.
According to the report, "Qualifications for students
to serve on academic committees varied, but the trend
was toward the requirements that a student be a
full-time undergraduate or an upperclassman. At most
of the institutions, students were selected for service on
academic committees through the independent action of
the students, but about one school in five indicated that
the selection would be subject to the approval of the
administration
Favorable replys
Eleven written statements were received by the
committee. Ten of these were from faculty members
and the other was from the SGA. All of these
statements were favorable to the proposition of student
participation.
To quote excerpts from the report: "I believe that
such a policy (student membership on academic
committees) would promote the students to a position
they deserve in the university community, enhance the
relevance of the University's academic program, and
enlarge the channels by which student opinion may be
heard academic planning should take full advantage
of our student body as a resource of information
concerning effectiveness the academic climate can
be improved by interchange cf ideas between faculty
and students which will result from students being
added to most of our Faculty Senate committees
AAUP approval
At the open hearing on the matter, attended by
about fifty persons, the President of the East Carolina
chapter of the American Association of University
Professors spoke and said the AAUP supported the
addition of student members on the Faculty Senate
committees. The SGA also sent a spokesman to the
meeting to speak in favor of student members.
After examining the information available to them
the members of the Committee recommended that at
least one student member be added to each of the
following committees: admissions, calendar, credits,
curriculum, continuing education, library student
recruitment, student guidance, teacher education and
career vocational education, and student shcolarship
fellowship, and financial aid.
Committee recommendations
They also recommended that students have full
voting rights on these committees and that there be one
student arternate for each committee. Additionally, the
student membsr of the Committee of Student
Scholarship, Fellowship, and Financial Aid should be a
holder of an East Carolina University academic
scholarship.
The Committee also suggested that the SGA have
authority for establishing procedures for selecting these
members, and that these recommendations be put into
effect during Fall Quarter, 1969.
The above recommendations have now been put into
effect. Student members of these committees are to be
appointed by the President of the SGA and approved by
the Legislature. Applications are to be made by
interested students to the SGA office on the third floor
of Wright Annex.
determined hours
ii
Albuquerque, N.M. (IP) -
New hours and a key check out
system have been adopted by
the Associated Women Students
(AWS) at the University of New
Mexico. An AWS pamphlet
outlines the regulations and
expectations of the
"self determined hours
Due to the variability of
entry times, students will need
to observe quiet hours carefully.
Quiet hours start at 7 p.m.
An eligible student (one who
has an AWS identification card)
who wishes to be away from the
dorm after hours must check out
a key from the main desk of her
dorm.
Special hours have been
designed for key check out.
E ast student will be
responsible for checking out and
returning her own key. No one
may check out or return a key
for another girl. It was also
emphasized that under the key
system, dorm security is left up
to the residents.
Immediately upon returning
to the hall, the key will be
deposited in the key slot.
All keys must be returned to
the dorm by 8:30 a.m. the
following day.
Any student allowing any
other student (including
freshmen) to enter the hall will
be held responsible for an illegal
entry unless the other girl has
her own key.
Keys will be checked out on a
one night basis only. Any
woman who takes and extended
weekend must return by closing
hours, and overnights are still
available.
Loss of keys and
identification cards must be
reported immediately to the
residence halls staff.
Unauthorized duplication of
keys to University locks by off
campus locksmiths is a criminal
offense subject to fine and jail
sentence.
Freshmar women are not
eligible check out keys
because WS has designated the
first ytai a period of adjustment.
Under the AWS propcca!
accepted by the Dean of
Women's office and the Housing
Committee, freshman women
are now allowed to have four
weeknight overnights per month
Slater Service makes campus debut
f
ECU has given up its hand in
the food service business to
make way for the professionals.
Slater School and College
Services, a division of ARA
Services, will begin serving at all
cafeterias on September 8.
ARA Services provided food
services for the Olympics in
Mexico and for the astronauts at
Cape Kennedy in July. Its
professional management serves
hospitals, businesses, airlines,
and over 250 colleges and
universities across the nation.
The Slater Service plans to
improve and provide varied
menus, bring in food preparation
specialists, and train other
cooks. All previous university
cafeteria workers will be rehired
with possible pay increases
depending on their positions.
Student help with a pay increase
will also be used.
Food prices will remain the
same, recognizing the June
increase by the university to
facilitate rising food and wage
costs.
Collegiate best selle
San Francisco State College
rs
Soul on Ice by Eldridge Cleaver
The Autobiography of Malcolm X
Black Rage by William H. Grier and Price M. Cobbs
Rights in Conflict: Chicago's 7 Brutal Days by Daniel Walker
Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders
The Art of Loving by Erich Fromm
Toward A Psychology of Being by Abraham Harold Maslow
Never Promised You A Rose Garden by Hannah Green
Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse
Summerhill: A Radical Approach to Child Rearing by AS. Neill
Harvard University
Portnoy's Complaint by Philip Roth
Education and Ecstasy by George B. Leonard
Soul on Ice by Eldridge Cleaver
The I Ching or Book of Changes, translated by Richard Wilhelm
The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test by Tom Wolfe
The Prophet by Kahlil Gibran
The Collected Poems of James Agee
His Toy, His Dreem, His Rest by John Berryman
Listen to the Warm by Rod McKuen
The American Challenge by J.J. Servan-Schreiber
Sarah Lawrence College
Soul an Ice by EWridge Cleaver
Cam by James &A Qam
In Wilderness (Sierra Ctub)
The Autobiography of Malcolm X
fyjnoy's Complaint by Philip Roth
Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse
East Carolina University
Airport by Arthur Hailey
Couples by John Updike
The Source by James Michener
The Case Against Congress by Drew Pearson and Anderson
Instant Repay The Green Bay Diary of Jerry Kramer
A Chosen Few by Hari Rhodes
Choice Cuts by Baileau and Narcyac
Here and Hereafter by Ruth Montgomery
Steppenwolf by Herman Hesse
Miss Jordan
joins union
Miss Susan Wynne Jordan of
Plymouth, N.C has pined the
staff of East Carolina University
as assistant director of the
university union.
Miss Jordan, a lecent
graduate of UNC Greensboro,
has already assumed her duties
with union director Cynthia
Mendenhall. She replaces Miss
Patricia Maynard who resigned
the position to be married.
Miss Mendenhal I, in
announcing the appointment,
said, "We are happy to have Miss
Jordan. We look forward to her
contribution to the union
program
The daughter of Col
USAF(ret) and Mrs. Hugh F.
Jordan, Miss Jordan has traveled
all over the United States
including Hawaii and Alaska and
overseas to Japan.
Prior to joining the staff, she
trained with the City Recreation
Department, Raleigh.
As assistant director Miss
Jordan will be in charge of
student programs at the
university union, the center of
student recreational, social and
cultural activities on the ECU
campus.
Reading period
Vfeshington. D.C. (IP) - A new
academic calendar, which
includes a three-week
reading-exam period, will go into
effect during the 1969 1970
academic year at George
Washington University and will
be given a trial run of three
years. Previously, the
examination period was only for
one week, with some exams
beginning two days after the end
of classes.
1
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Sept.9
Sept.27
Nov.7
Nov.9
Sept. 16
Sept. 25
Oct. 16
Oct.22
Nov.3
Nov.11
Nov.17
Sept. 12
Sept.19
Sept.26
Oct.3
Oct.10
Oct.17
Oct.24
Oct.31
Nov.6
Nov.14
Nov.21
Sept. 17 U.
Oct. 14 O;
Oct. 20 "F
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September 9, 1969
Fountainhead
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Faff entertainment planned
Pop Concerts
Sept. 9
Sept. 27
Nov. 7
Nov. 9
B.J. Thomas
Your Father's Mustache
Dionne Warwick
Fifth Dimension
Minges
Mall
Minges
Minges
8 p.m.
3 p.m.
8:15 p.m.
3 p.m.
Sept. 16
Sept. 25
Oct. 16
Oct. 22
Nov. 3
Nov. 11
Nov. 17
International Film Series
1 "Bell, Book, and Candle"Wright8 p.m.
"Throne of Blood"Wright8 p.m.
"Alexander Nevsky"Wright8 p.m.
"Les Mains Sales"Wright8 p.m.
"Bonjour Tristesse"Wright8 p.m.
"Nights of CabiriaWright8 p.m.
"Closely Watched Trains"Wright8 p.m.
Football Schedule
Sept. 20
Sept. 27
Oct. 4
Oct. 18
Oct. 25
Nov. 1
Nov. 8
Nov. 15
Nov. 22
East Tennessee State University
Louisiana Tech
Citadel
Richmond
Southern Illinois
Furman
HOMECOMING - Davidson
Marshall
Southern Mississippi
Away
Home
Home
Away
Away
Home
Home
Away
Home
7:30 pm
7:30 p.m
7:30 p.m
2 p.m.
2 p.m.
Sept. 12
Sept. 19
Sept. 26
Oct. 3
Oct. 10
Oct. 17
Oct. 24
Oct. 31
Nov. 6
Nov. 14
Nov. 21
Pop Films
"Bandolero"Wright
"The Fox"Wright
"The Plainsman"Wright
"Sweet November"Wright
"Casino Royale"Wright
"Waterhole 3"Wright
"Harper"Wright
"Flim Flam Man"Wright
"Rachel, Rachel"Wright
"McClintock"Wright
"Duffy"Wright
7 and 9 p.m.
7 and 9 p.m.
7 and 9 p.m.
7 and 9 p.m.
7 and 9 p.m.
7 and 9 p.m.
7 and 9 p.m.
7 and 9 p.m.
7 and 9 p.m
7 and 9 p.m
7 and 9 p.m
Special Concert
Sept. 17 U.S. Army Field Band Wright
8:15 p.m.
Artists Series
' Oct. 14 Osipov Balalaika Orchestra Wright
8:15 p.m.
Travel-Adventure Film Series
Oct. 20 "Rainbow Lands
of Central America"
Wright
8 p.m.
Attention: Students
and Faculty
IciTY LAUNDERETTE
Leave your laundry, we do it for you.
1 Hr. Fluff Dried Laundry Servici
Includes soap and bleach
Laundry 9V2 lbs. 83c, Folded 93c
DRY CLEANING and SHIRTS
813 Evans Street
Down from Burger Chef
Lecture Series
Sept. 18
Oct. 1
Oct. 28
Nov. 13
Stewart L. Udall
Stanton T. Friedman
Bennett Cerf
John Howard Griffin
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
8 p.m.
8 p.m.
8 p.m.
8 p.m.
THE ID
Fiddlers
East Carolina's Most Complete
Entertainment Center
Ginger Thompson
in person
Registration Day Tuesday Sept. 9th
and Saturday 13th
Huckelberry Mudflap
Show and Dance 8 to 12 pm

Fountainhead
September 9, 1959
September
Page 4
He arranged 3,000 abortions
By CHIPCALLAjAY
E ditor -in-C fuel
BOULDER, Colo. "The law
does not belong in the bedroom
of any woman, married or not
according to Bill Baird, a
controversial abortion advocate
from New York City.
birth control information and
nonprescriptive contraceptives in
ghetto areas by means of a
mobile van. It provides aid and
rehabilitation to narcotics
addicts, particularly mothers and
children who are born addicted
to heroin. And it provides, on
d-err
?mand, any woman with the
For the past several yeri'names 0f highly skilled medical
Baird has helped more than specialists in abortion.
3,000 women get illegal
abortions through his Parents
Aid Society in New York and
Massachusetts.
Baird's society disseminates
Join The Ififl Crowd
Pizza M
421 Greenville Blvd.
(2.64 Ry-rass)
DISK ISS ?r TAKE OUT
La Ah?ad For Faster Service
Telephone 756-9991
Baird is now awaiting a
decision in the Massachusetts
Supreme Court on his appeal of
two convictions under the state's
Times against chastity" law.
If convicted, Baird could
spend up to 10 years in prison.
Of the 3,000 women Baird
has helped get abortions, none
have died, Baird said.
According to N.J. Berrill, an
intern ationally known
developmental biologist,
between one and two million
women undergo illegal abortions
in the United States each year.
At least 4,000 of them die
Berrill also says that about 17
out of every 1,000 babies born
in the U.S. each year are
illegitimate. Berrill estimates
that another 200,000
adolescents are aborted illegally,
or attempt to induce a
miscarriage themselves. The
abortion death rate for
unmarried women is four times
as high as for married women.
Band says he personally is
opposed to abortion. How is it,
then, that he helped these 3,000
women to obtain illegal ones
"Every woman should have
the right to make this decision
herself he said "Every child
should have as his birthright to
be wanted and loved. Each of
these 3,000 women did not want
arolma Telephone and Telegraph Company
Greenville .
Carolina
Se
F
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Welcome Stude
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On behalf of the Carolina
each of you a cordial velc
Tei
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in Greenville . I extend
We
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call our business office for ?
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We encourage you to remember that an
im jortanc e to you r fu ture. ,V
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to joining the Carolina Telec
of vital
' your carei
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Cordiall
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Manager
to have her baby One way 01
another, she was not going to
have it. I've helped judges,
professors, writers, TV
personalties and others gel
abortions Baird said
Baird is often asked if
abortion is not murder
1 o this he answers, "No, it's
an interruption of pregnancy
"Look he says, "I was
working in the emergency 100m
of a hospital when I saw a
mother bleed to death because
she had tried to interrupt her
pregnancy herself with a coat
hanger A coat hanger' Every
week I see heroin addicts three
or five (iays old (Babies can
become adicted to the drug if
the mother uses it regularly
during pregnancy.) Who gets
murdered, the mother or the
child or both he asks.
"If I could only share with
you the suffering I see across
this nation like one mothei
who threw herself down a flight
of stairs to abort herself She
didn't want to loce her husband
They didn't have enough money
to feed an eleventh child I really
believed her when she said she
would commit suicide unless we
helped her Baird said.
"If you are rich, you can fly
to Japan for an abortion, or
England or Sweden. Here some
states have passed, and others
are considering, laws which
liberalize the regulation of
abortions
Baird said his society will not
refer any woman who shows any
desire to bear the child, and each
woman is questioned closely on
this point.
Baird said the abortion is "a
very simple operation
"There's no incision, no
cutting, a trained specialist
gently scrapes the walls of the
uterus. It takes 20 minutes, a
half hour. He will give you
antibiotics and you go home and
rest If you follow his directions,
you can go see a movie that
night Baird said.
"However Baird said,
quack and unsk tiled
abortionists are mostly
murderers. They kill about
10,000 women a year and
should be avoided at all costs "
Editor's Note:
Mr. Call a way represented
ECU at the summer Congress of
the United States Student Press
Association at Boulder,
Colorado fast month.
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September 9, 1969
eouniaiimeacr
One way or
Htt going to
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others get
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pregnancy
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gency loom
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ith a coat
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the drug if
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share with
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ninutes, a
give you
home and
directions,
lovie that
ird said,
iskilled
mostly
(ill about
year and
all costs "
presented
ingress of
lent Press
Boulder,
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4.U I 1 tt 1 ' -UV-J
Youth strive to gain
ote
By WAYNE EADS
An issue which is drawing increasing attention at the present time is that
of giving the vote to those American citizen who are eighteen, nineteen, and
twenty years old. At the present time, only four states in the entire United
States allow citizens in those age groups to vote. The time is ripe for this to
expand in order to allow other citizens the vote.
Organizations are growing across the country for the purpose of lobbying for
the youth franchise. Perhaps the biggest is the Youth Franchise Coalition of
Washington, D.C. These groups are often run by young people in the age groups
in question, but much of their support comes from those in older age groups.
In the United States Senate, Senator Jennings Randolph and sixty-six other
senators introduced a constitutional amendment proposal that would extend the
suffrage to eighteen year olds, if ratified by two-thirds of the states within seven
years of the time that the Congress sent the bill to the states. This is only one
measure in a long series that would give the vote to the eighteen year old.
East Carolina University is now getting into the act with its own group of this
nature. Modeled after the national YFC, this group is one which will lobby and
act on the state level in order to try to get the eighteen year old vote in the state
of North Carolina.
The case for the eighteen year old vote is presented in the following speech of
Senator Jennings Randolph, reprinted here by permission of Wayne Eads, state
chairman o the Youth Suffrage Coalition. This group has Senator Randolph's
permission to use his materials in their work.
Next year - 1970 - will mark the 100th anniversary of the ratification of the
15th amendment to the Constitution of the United States which insures that the
right to vote will not be denied "on account of race, color, or previous condition
of servitude This was only the first step in the efforts of the citizenry of the
United States to broaden the base of our unique system of government. It was
not until 1920 that women were given the right to vote. And in 1964 the
Constitution was again amended-to insure thatthe franchise was not "denied by
reason of failure to pay and poll tax or other tax Thus our efforts to expand
and to perfect the democratic structure of the United States of America have
been continuing.
However, there is yet a segment of our population which is denied the use of
the ballot-our young citizens, 18, 19, and 20.
Our youth have waited a long time for this privilege. At the same time we
have not hesitated to require them to bear the same responsibilities of those who
have the right to vote. They are not excused from paying taxes, including
deductions for retirement insurance-social security. They are the first called to
bear arms in defense of our democracy and the foreign commitments of our
government.
Legal coming-of-age
So-called coming-of-age requirements vary depending on the disposition of
the States. In many states 18-year-olds are treated as adults-not juveniles-in our
courts of law and are responsible for their actions and can be sued. They are
authorized to enter into legal covenants-marriages, wills, and purchase
insurance-without the permission of a parent or guardian. They are responsible
for the lives of their fellow citizens as they drive cars and purchase guns and
ammunition.
In discussing this proposal it must be remembered that we are considering the
role of approximately 7 per cent of the total population of the United States in
our democratic process Over 14 million Americans are in this age bracket. In
1970 the median age of all Americans is projected to be 26.4 years. This figure
will be steadily decreasing. This is indeed a young America.
In the last presidential election there were over 13.75 million U.S. citizens
between the ages of 18 and 21. They could not vote. In 1972, the next
presidential election year, these same young people will be 22, 23, and 24 and
for the first time will have the opportunity to vote for the Chief Executive of
the United States.
Our young people of 18 years of age have attained the knowledge, ability,
and maturity to participate as responsible members of the democratic electorate.
Today's 18-year-olds are far ahead of their counterparts of previous
generations in educational growth. In the not too distant past a sixth or an
eighth grade education was looked on as a significant achievement As recently
as 1940 only I4.I per cent of our 18 and 19 year olds were graduated from high
school. Today this figure has risen to 53 percent.
Communications improvements
An additional element is the advent of television by which young people
witness the historic, the tragic, and the inspiring developments of out time-the
assassination of a President, a Senator, and a civil rights leader, and the first
landing of men on the moon. They are literally tuned in on the times in which
we live.
The improvements in the transportation systems of the highways and the
airways have significantly increased the mobility and the horizons of all.
The activities of this age group in pursuit of the goal of all humanity-a better
world in both individual and collective terms-are well known. We are using
their vitality, their energy, and their enthusiasm for important tasks from world
peace to helping rear America's children. In the Peace Corps, they are our
personal ambassadors carrying our good will and good works to foreign lands. As
VISTA workers, they are bringing help and hope to the economically and
socially disadvantaged at home. And as volunteers they stimulate and spearhead
creative and constructive civic programs.
Not long ago a voluntary task force, composed of 22 Members of the House
of Representatives, after visits to over 50 universities, emphasized the "candor.
s. and basic decency of the vast maor.ty of students who have not lost
sincerity, and basic decency trjbute to making it work even better,
faith in our system and whowish to
Included in the recommendations or ine
wntina aqe to 18 I believe that this is particularly significant.
The YFC has established a national network of organizations. In every State.
they are bringing local voting groups and interested individuals together to create
teering committees for a unified campaignto lower the voting age.
Additionally. YFC .s working with members of the Senate and the House of
"TTwdting to see the development of th.s effort. Truly, the members of
YFC are working diligently and effectively on the State and national level in
support of 18 year old voting.
State activity on this sublet is mounting. Although I am a strong advocate of
amending the Constitution of the United States to authorize the extension of
the franchise I welcome action by the individual States. To date, four States
have a voting age below 21?Georgia and Kentucky at 18, Alaska at 19, and
Hawaii at 20. This issue was actively discussed in 44 of the 50 state legislatures
this year. Fourteen states took the initial step in lowering the voting age by
approval of the proposal in the legislature. But this is a helter skelter approach to
an important change in our electorate. Prior to approval of the 19th amendment
to the Constitution giving women the right to vote, 15 States had made them
equal participants In the Territory of Wyoming, women had the right to vote 50
years before ratification of the amendment in 1920 It is interesting that the
arguments against giving the right to vote to women are the same we hear today
against 18, 19, and 20 year olds voting emotional instability and lack of
experience. It is my firm belief that the most direct and expedient method of
bringing this proposal before the States is through a constitutional amendment
requiring approval by three fourths of the States for ratification. My colleagues
in the Senate are convinced, as am I, that this should be done in 1969.
Not arbitrary age
Eighteen is not an arbitrary age. It is the threshold year in the lives of young
citizens. For the majority, it signals the end to their formal education. They have
learned the democratic process through participating is student and
extracurricular activities. Tfvy have studied and relived America's rich history
and the principles on which our country was founded. They are informed and
alert. They actually work now in local, state, and federal elections They
anticipate full partnership in society. The use of the ballot will make this a
reality.
Youth faces a military obligation Our Selective Service System is authorized
to draft young men of 18 There is truth in the words, "if they are old enough to
fight they are old enough to vote " Young men under arms are carrying out the
policy of our Nation without the privilege of participating in the determination
of that policy.
Eighteen year olds are no longer juveniles in our courts of law. In many States
they can make wills and purchase insurance. They are responsible for their
actions and can be sued. They are responsible for the lives o' their fellow citizens
as they drive cars and purchase guns and ammunition.
This the the age of recognition and responsibility not 21.
Youth are activists in today's society. They learn, they help, they achieve.
They are, in fact, the defenders of the American system. I am thinking of the
system under which our country was born, continues to grow and will prosper in
the future. They participate in activities from local involvement to representing
America abroad. Young people of 18 to 21 years bear responsibility, I repeat,
but they cannot vote.
Youth is responsible
The decisions they must make and the responsibilities they must accept give
them a close touch with the realities of living. They are aware of the problems
and difficulties of our complex society.
Youth generally have high ideals and hopes. They have enthusiasm. They have
energy. They view our society and Government with a fresh outlook. However,
we do not truly recognize then right to fully participate as responsible citizens.
We must channel the spirit of you.h in a constructive direction; we must allow
them a personalized expression of citizenship by use of the ba'lot.
Our democratic process blends the wisdom and experience of the older
citizen and the energy and ability of the young. The better oalance can be
achieved with 18 year old voting
Ours is a rapidly changing society. The voting age of 21 was based on an old
European custom at which time a young man becam eligible to be a knight. This
is not the age of knights but the age of astronauts
I am encouraged by the 1968 commitments of the Democratic and
Republican Parties in their platforms. The Democratic document advocated the
tollowinq:
The Democratic Party takes pr.de in the fact that so many of today's youth
have channeled their interest and energies into our Party. To them, and to all
young Americans we pledge the fullest opportunity to participate in the affairs
ot our Party at the local, state, and national levels. We call for special efforts to
recruit young people as candidates for public office
We will support a Constitutional amendment lowering the voting age to 18.
The Republicans declared:
In recognition of the ability of these younger cit.zens. their desire to
aZZT UK SerV'Ce m the nat'?ns's defense- we believe that lower age
notTpt m beu3CCOrded the r'9h to vote. We believe that states which have
vot.na and th,t T ' with t0 18 V ?
iTj:t no:each such state shr j,d dec,de this ??? ???we ?w?
September
Uni
nev
Dreary e
to class in t
most East (
soon as the
now a ti
operation fo
This sysfc
trial transit
operation la
fifteen day;
the Raleigh
provided tw
$4,000, inc
maintenan
drivers, a
system was i
During
Student
Associatio
regular te
Schofield, a
Coach Lines
for the insi
system f
University
signed on
provided fc
two buses di
period begii
1969 and i
1970.
The buse
capacity of
persons anc
schedules,
summer r
between th
and the clas
between th
Buccanneer
Minges, a
buildings.
Bus leaves eve
7:00 a.m. ? A
GRE
Leave -25 til
Arrive -22 ti
Arrive -19 ti
Arrive -17 ti
Arrive -14 ti
Arrive9 till
Arrive -5 till
Arriveon tl
Leave -5 aftt
Arrive18 a
Leave -19 af
Arrive30 a
Arrive- 25 ti
RED
Leaves- 25 t
Arrive20 ti
Arrive15 ti
Arrive? 13 ti
Arrive- 9 till
Arrive- 5 till
Arrive- on tl
Arrive- 5 aft
Arrive- 9 aft
Ar live- 13 a
Arrive17a
Arrive- 22 a
Anive- 27 a
?Except fror
c
So
EVEI
10th

September 9, 1969
Fountainhead
Page 7
University acquires
new transit system
Dreary early morning walks
to class in the rain will end for
most East Carolina students as
soon as they learn that there is
now a transit system in
operation for their benefit.
This system is the result of a
trial transit system that was in
operation last spring quarter for
fifteen days. During that trial,
the Raleigh City Coach Lines
provided two buses for a total of
$4,000, including the cost of
maintenance, insurance, two
drivers, and the fuel. That
system was a huge success.
During the summer, the
Student Government
Association, represented by
regular term President John
Schofield, and the Raleigh City
Coach Lines signed an agreement
for the institution of a transit
system for East Carolina
University. The agreement,
signed on July 25, 1969,
provided for the utilization of
two buses during the nine month
period beginning September 10,
1969 and ending on May 25,
1970.
The buses will have a seating
capacity of not less than 45
persons and will run on two
schedules, similar to the two
summer routes which ran
between the girls' dormitories
and the classroom buildings and
between the boys' dormitories,
Buccanneer Courts, Pitt Plaza,
Minges, and the classroom
buildings.
Students may ride the buses
without cost. The transit system
is financed by a two dollar
requisition from the student
activity fee and by the Student
Government Association.
The SGA has agreed to pay
the company $128.00 per day
per bus for the service of the
two vehicles. Additional charges
will be slight, if any, and will be
carried by the SGA.
This new transportation
system for the students should
help to reduce the traffic and
parking problem so apparent on
campus. The increasing numbers
of students who need to use the
buses for transportation to
Minges Coliseum and other
points that cannot be traveled
on foot in ten minutes make the
buses a welcome relief.
Raleigh City Coach Line official (L) and SGA President John Schofield (R)
sign contract for campus transit as President Leo Jenkins looks on.
Student government involves
participatory democracy
Bus leaves every hour from ? 25 till
7:00 a.m. ? 4:00 p.m. daily
GREEN SCHEDULE
Leave - 25 till . . . .Green Dorm Area
Arrive - 22 till . . Library & Cafeteria
Arrive - 19 till . . .Wright Auditorium
Arrive - 17 tillNorth Cafeteria
Arrive - 14 tillGreen Dorm
Arrive - 9 till . . . Library & Cafeteria
Arrive - 5 till . . . .Wright Auditorium
Arrive - on the hour . . . Green Dorm
Leave - 5 after . . .Wright Auditorium
Arrive - 18 after Arrives at Pitt Plaza
Leave - 19 after . . . .Leaves Pitt Plaza
Arrive - 30 after .Wright Auditorium
Arrive - 25 tillGreen Dorm
RED SCHEDULE
Leaves - 25 tillBelk Dorm Stop
Arrive - 20 till .Education and Psych.
Arrive - 15 tillBelk Dorm Stop
Arrive - 13 tillMinges
Arrive - 9 tillBelk Dorm Stop
Arrive - 5 till . .Education and Psych
Arrive - on the hour Belk Dorm Stop
Arrive - 5 after Minges
Arrive - 9 after Belk Dorm Stop
Arrive - 13 aftcrEducation and Psych.
Arrive - 17 after . . Buccaneer Courts
Arrive - 22 afterEducation and Psych.
Amve - 27 after . . . Belk Dorm Stop
?Except from 11:05 to 11:35 a.m.
By WAYNE EADS
Leadership of the student
body at East Carolina University
is vested in the Student
Government Association. It is a
governing body which is
modeled after the basic concepts
of democratic government.
The SGA summer
administration this summer
voted unanimously to abolish
the separate summer school SGA
and institute a twelve month
system of student government.
Structure of government
For the benefit of those
freshmen students and transfer
students, as well as those who
are simply returning after a long
absence, the organization of the
SGA is similar to that of the
United States government, but
on a smaller scale and modified
to fit the needs of a university.
The executive branch of the
ECU student government
consists of a president, a
vice president, a secretary, a
treasurer, and a historian.
Qualifications for these offices
can be found in the 1969-1970
edition of The Key, annual
campus publication. The present
executive officers are: president,
John Schofield; vice-president,
Bob Whitley; secretary, Carolyn
Breediove; treasurer, Gary
Gasperini; and historian, Sip
Beamon.
The second branch of the
SGA is the legislative. This
branch consists of
representatives elected by the
student body to serve in the
Legislature. Forty-one
representatives are elected to
that body.
The Legislature is the main
policy-making part of the SGA.
It has power over matters
concerning appropriations for
campus publications, SGA
agencies, salaries of SGA
officers, and other expenses that
the Legislature deems in the
interest of the student body and
the academic community.
Other powers
The Legislature also has
power to override presidential
vetoes, to approve or reject
presidential appointments, to
make laws for the governing of
the student body, and to make
other laws that it deems in the
interest of promoting the general
welfare of the student body.
Judicial branch
The third branch of the SGA
is the judicial. This branch
consists of a number of courts
ranging from the Men's and
Women's Residence Councils at
the bottom of the jurisdictional
ladder to the Review Board at
the top of the system. The final
appeal from one court to a
higher court, always made up of
students or predominately made
up of students. The judges of
courts are appointed by the SGA
President with the approval of
the Legislature.
Further information on the
Student Government
Association of East Carolina
University can be found in the
new edition of The Key.
In order for the SGA to
govern the students, it must
know what the students want,
and a familiarity with the
organization on the part of every
student is necessary for this
reason.
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hdurifamhead
? jyu KJ
Emory tries new admissions policy
Schools undertake
new system
Septembt
Atlanta, Ga. (IP)- The United
Campus Ministry at Emory
University has published a report
entitled "Selective
Admission-Models and
Proposals which made several
recommendations to both the
Office of Admissions and the
Faculty Committee on
Admissions and Financial Aid.
The first UCM proposal is
"that immediate steps should be
taken to implement a new
approach to 'selective
admissions' by the Admissions
Committee and Admission
Officers utilizing personnel and
resources now available.
Expeditious steps toward
immediate and long-range goals
seem appropriate and desirable if
not mandatory
The report drew a distinction
between "selective admissions"
and "high risk student the
i3tter term being appropriate by
traditional standards but a
"misnomer" when a totally
different set of criteria is used
for admitting educationally
disadvantaged students.
Thus the report uses the term
"selective admissions" while
"realizing, of course, that
admissions committees have
always been selective in a variety
of ways
The second UCM
recommendation reads: "That
Emory College take immediate
steps to adopt an admissions
policy that recognizes that no
set of criteria will be applied
uniformly in selecting students
for the College.
"This would be an overt
recognition that the history of
segregated secondary education,
etc. in the South and elsewhere
in America has militated against
the possibility of affirming one
criteria for judging the
qualifications of all applicants.
The third UCM suggestion is
related to the second: "That
new criteria be adopted that
may include all or some of the
following: special talents,
exceptional maturity, strong
determination, personal
recommendations from
secondary school officials, class
rank, etc
"The Puritan concept is now and
will increasingly be out of touch
with the real world. Productivity is
such that our economy can produce
all the things the society needs
with only a fraction of the total labor
force. By 1975, no more than
one-quarter of the labor force will be
directly involved in manufacturing
products, mining, growing crops
constructing buildings
MICHEL SILVA
Careers Today-Jan. 1969
"efHTyfer
THt
flflKUKK
"college bound
M
come
Back
Student's
Let us Help You
Plan Your
"Fashion Future"
Future fashion-makers
head for Belk-Tyler . . .
the number one Fashion
Headquarters in Eastern
Carolina. We have the
new long lean looks you
want for Fall 69
long vests, tunics, long
lean coats. And all the
famous name brands
you respect for quality. . .
Evan-Picone, Century, David
aFergurson, Bobbie Brooks
and many others. Visit
our 2nd floor soon and
let our salespeople help
plan your fashion future.
Open Mon. Thurs.
and Fn Nights
til 9 pm
In D
(
Just Th
Durham, N.H. (IP) The
University of New Hampshire s
new unicameral system of
governance replaces the former
system of separate Student and
University Senates.
The new structure "is a
single-body governing system
not modeled after anything,
said R. Stephen Jenks, cha.rman
of the Committee on
Government Organization and
an assistant professor in the
Whittemore School of Business
and Economics. "A true
reorganization of university
government has been undertaken
by few schools Jenks added,
"and none have come out with
plans as bold as to have students
represented in equal numbers
with faculty at the highest
legislative level
The new senate is composed
of 30 students, 30 faculty, 12
administrators and five graduate
students. All student and faculty
members will be nominated and
elected on a "distiict" basis.
Senators representing faculty
and undergraduates will
respectively constitute a Faculty
Caucus and Student Caucus of
the University Searite. Each
group will meet monthly with its
"forum
The Faculty Forum and
Student Forum will respectively
consist of all faculty and all
students at the University, with
members of each being
completely free to speak, initiate
resolutions and vote.
Resolutions or other expressions
of opinion of the forums would
be advisory, and will be
transmitted to the Senate by
members of the caucuses. The
plan calls for monthly forum
meetings before the
regularly scheduled monthly
meeting of the University
Senate.
"If there is objection to the
smaller size of the Senate
Jenks said in reference to the
reduction, "we could increase
the numbers slightly. But we
don't want to change the
student faculty ratio
Prior to approval, several
Jenks committee members
considered a tricameral system
(with three separate senates
student, faculty and university)
but dropped the idea in favor of
a unicameral plan after testing
the former as a working
"model" by attempting to work
hypothetical problems through
it.
"The system was inefficient
said Jenks, "even more so than
our former bicameral system
But the absolute number of
voting people is larger and I
suppose this could be used as an
argument against the unicameral
idea. Superficially the tricameral
system seems to offer more.
After study, however, we feel
the unicameral system is more
liberal despite appearances
The committee sees three
basic advantages for the new
government structure In
addition to greater participation
by students and faculty the
committee feels students will
(cont'd, on Patje 13)
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Cor. 10th & Cotanche Sts Greenville, N.C
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208 E. 5th St.
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Enjoy Greenville's Finest Foods
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Pelcome Students
of
f$i
iV
&

September 9, 1969
? un LUII II IUUU
will be
ienate by
:uses. The
?ly forum
re the
monthly
Jniversity
on to the
Senate
ice to the
i increase
. But we
lange the
?l, several
members
al system
senates
jniversity)
in favor of
ter testing
working
ig to work
s through
efficient
re so than
jl system,
umber of
jer and I
used as an
jnicameral
tricameral
fer more.
r, we feel
?n is more
nces
sees three
the new
:ture. In
irticipation
jculty the
dents will
13)
I
nk
Co.
c.
. c.
v
ods
here
I
x

Fountainhead
September 9, 1969
September
Page 10
The student las
Students are niggers. When you get tha, straight our school.??? "?,?
more imoortant though, to understand why they're niggers. If we follow that question
senou enough wil lead us pas, the zone o, academic bullshit, where dedicated
e che s pass their knowledge on to a new generation, and into the nittygn.ty of human
needs and ha?8.ups. And from there, we can go on to consider whether might ever be
nossible for students to come up from slavery.
F,rst, let's see what's happening now. Let's look at the role students play m what we
"kM ?'??!?. where I teach, the students have separate and unequal dining
facilities If I take them to the faculty dining room, my colleagues get uncomfortable as
though there were a bad smell. If I eat in the student cafeteria, I become known as the
Iducational equivalent of a n.gger lover. In at least one building, there are, even re
.corns wh,ch students may not use. At Cal State, also, there .s an unwrmen aagam
student-faculty love-making. Fortunately, this anti-m.scegenation law, like its Southern
counterpart, is not 100 per cent effective.
Students at Cal State are politically disenfranchised. They are in an academ.c
Lowndes County. Most of them can vote in national elections their average age .s
about 26 but they have no vo.ce in the decisions which affect their academ.c hves.
The students are it is true, allowed to have a toy government of their own. It is a
government run for the moat part by Uncle Toms and concerned principally with trivia.
The faculty and administrators decide what courses will be offered; the students get to
choose their own Homecoming Queen. Occassionally, when student leaders get uppity
and rebellious, they're either ignored, put off with trivial concessions, or maneuvered
expertly out of position.
Students told what to think
A student at Cal State is expected to know his place. He calls a faculty member
"Sir or "Doctor or "Professor" and he smiles and shuffles some as he stands
outside the professor's office waiting for permission to enter. The faculty tell him what
courses to take (in my department, English, even electives have to be approved by a
faculty member); they tell him what to read, what to write, and frequently, they set the
margins on his typewriter. They tell him what's true and what isn't. Some teachers insist
(
X
that they encourage dissent but they're almost always jiving and every student knows it.
Tell the man what he wants to hear or he'll fail your ass out of the course.
When a teacher says, "jump students jump. I know of one professor who refused to
take up class time for exams and required students to show up for tests at 6:30 in the
morning. And they did, by God! Another, at exam time, provides answer cards to be
filled out - each one enclosed in a paper bag with a hole cut in the top to see through.
Students stick their writing hands in the bags while taking the test. The teacher isn't a
provo; I wish he were. He does it to prevent cheating. Another colleague once caught a
student reading during one of his lectures and threw her book against the wall. Still
another lectures his students into stupor and then screams at them when they fall
asleep.
Just last week, during the first meeting of a class, one girl got up to leave after about
10 minutes had gone by. The teacher rushed over, grabbed her by the arm, saying,
"This class is NOT dismissed and led her back to her seat. On the same day, another
teacher began by informing his class that he does not like beards, moustaches, long hair
on boys, or capri pants on girls, and will not tolerate any of that in his class. The class,
incidentally, consisted mostly of high school teachers.
Auschwitz Educational Approach
Even more discouraging than this Auschwitz approach to education is the fact that
the students take it. They haven't gone through twelve years of public schools for
nothing. They'v learned one thing and perhaps only o ie thing during those twelve years.
They've forgotten their algebra. They're hopelessly vague about chemistry and physics.
They've grown to fear and resent literature. They write like they've been lobotomized.
But, Jesus, can they follow orders! Freshmen come up to me with an essay and ask if I
want it folded and whether their name should be in the upper right hand corner. And I
r

1 gSty
- 'f r
want to cry and kiss them and caress their poor, tortured heads.
Students don't ask that orders make sense. They give up expecting things to make
sense long before they leave elementary school. Things are true because the teacher says
they're true. At a very early age, we all learn to accept "two truths" as did certain
medieval churchmen. Outside of class, things are true to your tongue, your fingers, your
stomach, your heart. Inside class, things are true by reason of authority. And that's just
fine because you don't care anyway. Miss Wiedemeyer tells you a noun is a person,
place, or thing. So let it be. You don't give a rat's ass; she doesn't give a rat's ass.
The important things is to please her. Back in kindergarten, you found out that
teachers only love children who stand in nice straight lines. And that's where it's been
ever since.
What school amounts to, then, for white and black kids alike, is a 12 year course in
how to be slaves. What eise could explain what I see in a freshman class? They've got
that slave mentality: obliging and ingratiating on the surface but hostile and resistant
underneath.
As do black slaves, students vary in their awareness of what's going on. Some
recognize their own ut-on for what it is and even let their rebellion break through now
and then. Others - including most of the "good students" have been more deeply
brainwashed. They swallow the bullshit with greedy mouths. They're pathetically eagei
to be pushed around. They're like those old, grey headed house niggers you can still find
in the South who don't see what all the fuss is about because Mr. Charlie "treats us real
good
College entrance rei
entirely, of course. S(
perfectly well what's I
their egos are strong e
down deep somewhe
They're unexplainable
misread simple quest
chapters while meticul
The saddest cases a
so throughly introjecti
jCal State, these are tl
shake when they spea
they're called on in cl
festooned with fresh f
Iwas a Last Judgement,
tell.
So students are nig
long look at Mr. Charli
The teachers I kno
jroup, their most strik
Just look at their
jegun to fight and wi
to improve on their pi
screwed regularly and
don't offer any solid i
mumbling catch phras
Professors were n
McCarthy era; it was
recent years, I found 1
much approval or cor
job
Now of course tr
teachers. Some suppc
what's happening are
Stillness reigns.
I'm not sure why 1
forces a split between
teaching job attracts
pulls in persons who
trappings of authorit
At any rate, teach
pointed out, the class
can exercise their wi
attendants may intim
shit on1 you; but in 1
grade is a hell of a w
gun, but in the long
choose ?- you can kee
walk into the classro(
with title page, MLA
The general timidi
includes a more spec
different just like bla
interests, their values
worse, you may suspi
can protect you frorr
the policeman's gun
You wither whisperer
heavy irony. And wo
awesomely remote. Y
You might also w
'eally gotten over it.
sociological than ps'
meantime, what we'v
particularly grim is tf
his bag. Because the
happening in higher e

1969
September 9, 1969
Fountainhead
Page 11
it las nigger.
Igood
College entrance requirements tend to favor the Toms and screen out the rebels. Not
entirely, of course. Some students at Cal State L.A. are expert con artists who know
perfectly well what's happening. They want the degree or the 2-S and play the game. If
their egos are strong enough, they cheat a lot. And, of course, even the Toms are angry
clown deep somewhere. But it comes out in passive rather than active aggression.
They're unexplainable thick-witted and subject to frequent spells of laziness. They
misread simple questions. They spend their nights mechanically outlining history
chapters while meticulously failing to compi ehend a word of what's in them.
The saddest cases among both black slaves and student slaves are the ones who have
so throughly introjected their masters' values that their anger is all turned inward. At
Cal State, these are the kids for whom every low grade is torture, who stammer and
shake when they speak to a professor, who go through an emotional crisis every time
(they're called on in class. You can recognize them easily at finals time. Their faces are
festooned with fresh pimples; their bowels boil audibly across the room. If there really
was a Last Judgement, the parents and teachers who created these wrecks would burn in
hell.
So students are niggers. It's time to find out why, and to do this, we have to take a
long look at Mr. Charlie.
Professors afraid to better status?
The teachers I know best are college professors. Outside the classroom and taken as a
iroup, their most striking characteristic is timidity. They're short on balls.
Just look at their working conditions. At a time when even migrant workers have
jegun to fight and win, college professors are afraid to make more than a token effort
to improve on their pitiful economic status. In California state colleges, the faculties are
screwed regularly and vigorously by the Governor and Legislature and yet they still
don't offer any solid resistance. They lie flat on their stomachs with their pants down,
things to make
he teacher says
as did certain
jr fingers, your
And that's just
jn is a person,
at's ass.
ound out that
where it's been
I year course in
js? They've got
le and resistant
sing on. Some
)k through now
jn more deeply
ithetically eaget
ou can still find
e "treats us real
- le tFTfr
mumbling catch -phrases like "professional dignity" and "meaningful dialogue
Professors were no different when I was an undergraduate at UCLA during the
i McCarthy era; it was like a cattle stampede as they rushed to cop out. And in more
recent years, I found that my being arrested in sit-ins brought from my colleagues not so
much approval or condemnation as open-mouthed astonishment. "You could I .e your
job ,
Now of course there's the Vietnamese war. It gets some oppos.tion from a tew
teachers Some support it. But a vast number of professors who know perfectly well
what's happening are copping out again. And in the high schools, you can forget it.
Stillness reigns. . . . .
I'm not sure why teachers are so chickenshit. It could be that academic tra.nmg itself
forces a split between thought and action. It might also be that the tenured security of a
teaching job attracts timid persons and, furthermore, that teaching, like police work
pulls in persons who are unsure of themselves and need weapons and other external
trappings of authority.
At any rate teachers ARE short on balls. And, as Judy Eisenstein has eloquently
pointed out the classroom offers an artificial and protected environment in which they
can exercise their will to power. Your neighbors may drive a better car; gas station
attendants may intimidate you; your wife may dominate you; the State Leg.slature may
shit on you; but in the classroom, by God, students do what you say -or else. 1 he
grade is a hell of a weapon. It may not rest on your hip, potent and rigid like a cop s
gun, but in the long run it's more powerful. At your personal whim any time you
choose - you can keep 35 students up for nights and have the pleasure of seeing them
walk into the classroom pasty-faced and red-eyed carrying a sheaf of typewritten pages,
(with title page, MLA footnotes, and margins set at 15 and 91.
Fear of students
The genera, timidity which causes teachers to make niggers of their ?"
lincludes a more specific fear - fea: of the students themselves Afterall ????
different just like black people. You stand exposed in front of them, knowingat w
(interests, their values, and their language are different from yours. To mrtem?tt?
Iworse, you may suspect that you yourself are not the most engag.ng irfpnmJW?
can protect you from their ridicule and scorn? Respect for 21tToZ
the policeman's gun again. The white bwana's pith helmet. So you?
You wither whisperers with a murderous glance. You crush objects w.th erudmon and
heavy irony. And worst of all. you make your own attainments seem nMM
awesomely remote. You concea. your massive ignorance - and par"??
You might also want to keep in mind that he was a S
keally gotten over it. And there are more causes, some o which are better MM?
sociologies than psychological term. Work them out, -t not But in
meantime, what we've got on our hands .s a whole lot of niggers? ? ?n? f
particularly grim is that the student has less chance than thebta ? t's
his bag. Because the student doesn't even know he's in it That, more or less, is w
happening in higher education. And the results are staggering.
For one thing, damn little education takes place in the schools. How could it? You
can't educate slaves; you can only train them. Or, to use an even uglier word, you can
only program them.
Educational oppression is trickier to fight than racial oppression. If you're a black
rebel, they can't exile you; they either have to intimidate you or kill you. But in high
school or college, they can just bounce you out of the field. And they do. Rebel
students and renegade faculty members get smothered or shot down with devastating
accuracy. In high school, it's usually the student who gets it; in college, it's more often
the teacher. Others get tired of fighting college, for a rebel, is a little like going North,
for a Negro You can't really get away from it so you might as well stay and raise hell.
How do you raise hell? That's a whole other article. But just for a start, why not stay
with the analogy? What have black people done? They have, first of all, faced the fact of
their slavery. They've stopped kidding themselves about an eventual reward in the Great
Watermelon Patch in the Sky. They've organized; they've decided to get freedom now,
and they've started taking it.
Students, like black people, have immense power. They could, theoretically, insist on
participating in their own educationl They could make academic freedom bilateral.
They could teach their teachers to thrive on love and admiration, rather than fear and
respect, and to lay down their weapons. Students could discover community. And they
could learn to dance on the IBM cards. They could make museum. They could raze one
set of walls after another and let life come blowing into the classroom. They could raze
another set of walls and let education come blowing out and flood the streets. They
could turn the classroom into where it's at - a "field of action" as Peter Marin describes
it. And believe it or not, they could study eagerly and learn prodigiously for the best of
all possible reasons - their own reasons.
They could. Theoretically. They have the power. But only in a very few places, like
Berkeley, have they even begun to think about using it.
?s?3flr
By GERALD FARBER , reprinted from DAILY
SPECTRA, Tuesday, April 4, 1967. Gerald Farber is
Associate Professor of English at Cal State LA.
! ?

, c?oiit.a?cc,u
Summer highlights
condensed news briefs

By BEVERLY DENNY
he 1969 Summer School
SGA was an active one, to say
the least. Its leadership included
Robert Adams as president,
Craig Souza as vice president,
and Nancy Cannady as secretary.
Wayne Eads was elected speaker
of the 11-member Legislature.
The election was unique in
that ballots were both printed
and counted by the computer,
making results known just
several hours after the polls
closed.
Opening the Soda Shop at
7:30 a.m. instead of 8:30 a.m.
was one of the summer
administrations's major
campaign promises which was
actualized.
Blue books and pens were
placed in the Soda Shop for sale
to students with 8 a.m. classes
who needed supplies for the
early classes. Fall students will
have the same benefits.
John Schofield, current SGA
President, signed the contract
for a permanent transit system
for the ECU campus to aid
students to and from residences
and classes.
The height of the summer
SGA's action came when it
abolished itself. A 12-month
system of student government
was initiated. The Legislature
was unanimous in its decision
and a student referendum which
followed favored the abolition
by a three to one vote.
rooms for table tennis and
billiards, and a large soda shop.
The Central Ticket Office,
the Student Government
Association, the photo lab, and
all student publications will also
be housed in the building.
A site on Eighth St. between
the library and James St. has
been approved by the Board of
Trustees.
The plans have been under
dean of women for 19 years. She
received both her AB and MA
degrees from ECU. She has also
served as a dormitory counselor
and assistant dean of women.
The new facility was
constructed at a cost of nearly
$1.3 million and was first
occupied last fall. It stands just
west of the University's first
10-story women's dormitory
which was named after the late
Mary H. Greene, long-time
intends to "just enjoy life hej,
plans to resume his activities as
of the ECU News
third 10-story women's
study during the summer by a
? ?,j ?t orofessor of Enq ish and former
committee composed of ?"??"?'
representatives of the director
administration, The SGA, and Bureai
the University Union. The A
committee is trying to decide dormitory has been completed
what type of facilities are and is now being occup.ed for
needed and will suggest changes the first time.
in the plans.
A poll of students has been
planned for fall quarter to heip
determine what students want to I
be included in the building.
an educator on a part time basisJjihe creation of this P?st is a
"result of the gradual
restructuring of the college
administration.
Ayers, 24, is a graduate of the
University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill where he received a
BS degree, and he also holds the
MBA degree from ECU. He has
taught business courses at Camp
Lejeune, Goldsboro, and Cherry
Point.
In the spring of 1968, Ayers
longer library hours have
been secured for students and
faculty through a combined
effort of the Student
Government Association and the
administration.
The new hours are 7:45
a.m12 p.m. Monday through taught business here making him
Thursday; 7:45 a.m. 6 p.m. on famjjar with this campus from
Friday; 8 a.m. 5 p.m. on the standpojnt 0f administrator
Saturday; and 1 p.m. 12 p.m. on g$ we as student
Sunday. Manv facets of student lifp
After 9 p.m. each evening jntorest'Avers. He is particularly
only the reserve, periodical, and concerned with the growing sue
I
CU's second 10-story
dormitory will be
Ei
reference rooms will be open.
In making the announcement,
the SGA Secretary of Internal
Affairs T.J. Clune said that the
library hours are tentative and
will remain in effect only if fall

r-?
J entative plans for a large,
new student union building were
released this summer.
The plans, drawn by a
Raleigh architectural firm, call
or two large lounge areas, a
2-lane bowling alley, separate
women s
named in honor of Ruth A.
White, dean of women who
returned this summer after 32
years at ECU.
Announcement that the new
400-student housing unit will
bear Dean White's name was
rr?a-(o hw University President
Leo W. Jenkins at ECU's 60th
annual commencement exercises
last May.
Jenkins said he recommended
that the facility be named after
Dean White following numerous
requests by students that the
retiring dean be honored.
Approval of the request came
from the ECU Board of
Trustees.
"This is a fitting honor for
Dean Ruth White Jenkins said,
in recognition of her
outstanding service to East
Carolina over the past 32 years
Dean White had served as
John 0. Reynolds, dean
of the Graduate School, retired
in July after 22 years of service
at ECU.
Dr. Reynolds' retirement
concluded an active career
spanning more than 38 years in
education as a teacir,
basketball and baseball coach,
professor of mathematics and ED I?
director and dean of the ECU f A
Graduate School. U enry
Wic r nntr ihn t inns tn his j tnr
???- ? ? - i- aIrecioi
profession over the years have resjgned his position in July to
of classes on campus and with
the pressure many students feel
while in school.
Besides participating directly
in the student life here, Ayers
will also address Beta Clubs and
B.
Howard, ECU.s
blic relations.
M"
earned Dr. Reynolds recognition
in several publications, including
"Who's Who in the South and
Southwest "Who's Who in
American Education "Who's
Who in America "N.C. Tar
Heels" and "American Men of
Science
Under his direction, the
Graduate School has added 16
graduate degree programs,
i Dr. Reynolds retired in
Greenville and will reside at a
home to be built in Brook
Valley. Following an extended
vacation, during which h
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Yeu are aways welcome.
i
quarter responses deem longer Qthe hjgh schoo orqanizations
hours a necessity. on behalf of the college.
M
small group of people
celebrated Independence Day by
distributing copies of the Bill of
Rights on the Greenville Post
Office steps.
Raeforri Bland, group
spokesman for the "concerned
citizens said that the purpose
of the demonstration was to
"affirm our faith and belief in
the Constittion and particularly
in the Bill of Rights
The group had about 500
copies of the Bill of Rights and
graduate of the UNC School of Qne sjgp whJch read ?Get Your
Free Copy of the Bill of Rights
Here
Participants offered the
document to passersby from
noon until 6 p.m.
When the group first
assembled early Friday
afternoon, acting Police Chief
Thomas Gladson informed them
that they would not be allowed
to demonstrate because they had
not obtained a permit.
The leaders of the group
explained that they were not
planning to demonstrate
anywhere except on the post
take a position in the public
relations department of
Burlington Industries in
Greensboro, N.C
Howard was the first full-time
director of the News Bureau. He
came to EC in 1963 3S a
as a
reporter for Greenville's "Daily
Reflector
A replacement for Howard
has not yet been announced.
Jhristie Roberson, an Alpha
Delta Pi sister, was crowned the
1969 Summer School Queen to
highlight the annual Summer
School Dance.
Sponsored by Pi Kappa Aloha
fraternity, Miss Roberson was
chosen from ten candidates by
office steps. No permit is needed
served as secretary of the
summer Student Government
Association.
student balloting. In previous
years the queen has been elected t0 demonstrate on Federal
by penny votes. property.
Nancy Cannady was named Several demonstrators noted
first runner-up. Sponsored by tnat the Police seemed unsure of
South Fletcher Dormitory, Miss the size of the demonstration.
Cannady is a business education TheV were told that the Police
major from Powellville who had a'erted 70 state patrol
officers.
The group was warned that if
they displayed their sign on
other than Federal property, the
officers would arrest them.
During the day patrol cars
maintained regular surveillance
of the demonstrators and the
Mobile Crime Lab photographer
took several pictures.
When some of tie
demonstrators asked why the
pictures were taken, Gladson
reportedly said, "So that we will
know who to look for if you get
out o hand
ohn S. Ayers Jr. assumed
duties this summer as assistant
to the president of ECU.
In announcing the
appointment, Dr. Jenkins said,
"John Ayers is a competent'
well-rounded young man who
will be of great value to the
University. It is to our advantage
to have a young person closely
associated with the office.
"We feel that his presence j
will give ,o a closer laison with Robert williams, forme,
be,e in, r" enab'e.US X? ? ?tanic ???? has
better interpret their needs and h? ???.?
)s ? been given the new title
Provost.
September 9,
Rul
(Reprinted
Many s
dormitories at
have too mar
much, and
development.
Living o
students be
more freedon
to develop th(
and knowledc
their "transi
world It's
many cases,
find they gc
done.
That was
five Bosto
delivered to
the annual
Association
University
here. The stu
both in d(
off campus he
They pred
iv.any
various
insundric
positions
to
be
filled
at
Fountain!
offices.
Freshmen
invi ted.
No
experienc
necessary
but
must be
willing
to
work.
Apply
3rd
Floor
Wright
or
phone 75
VARSm
513 (
WE SPEC
TYPES l
WE FEZ
of
an

Mm
. Sftj
U
Mi
September 9,1969
l-ountamneau
this post is a
e gradual
the college
aduate of the
N Carolina at
he received a
also holds the
ECU. He has
irses at Camp
), and Cherry
1968, Ayers
e making him
campus from
administrator
student lifp
is particularly
' growing size
3us and with
students feel
ating directly
here, Ayers
Jta Clubs and
organizations
lege.
of people
ience Day by
af the Bill of
eenville Post
nd, group
"concerned
the purpose
tion was to
jnd belief in
I particularly
about 500
if Rights and
j, "Get Your
Jill of Rights
ffered the
sersby from
roup first
ly Friday
Police Chief
formed them
it be allowed
luse they had
lit.
the group
ly were not
emonstrate
Dn the post
nit is needed
on Federal
rators noted
led unsure of
monstration.
it the police
state patrol
'arned that if
eir sign on
aroperty, the
t them,
patrol cars
surveillance
ors and the
hotographer
I of t.e
id why the
?n, Gladson
i that we will
or if you get
Rulesand cost force students to move
(Reprinted from THE CHRONICLE OF HIGHER EDUCATION)
Many students fee!
dormitories are too impersonal,
have too many rules, ccst too
much, and stifle personal
development.
Living off campus, these
students believe, gives them
more freedom, an opportunity
to develop their "individuality
and knowledge that will aid in
their "transition to the real
world It's also cheaper in
many cases, and students often
find they get more studying
done.
That was the message that
five Boston-area students
delivered to persons attending
the annual meeting of the
Association of College and
University Housing Officers
here. The students had all lived
both in dormitories and in
off-campus housing.
They predicted that students
iv.any
various
insundrious
positions
to
be
filled
at
Fountainhead
offices.
Freshmen
invited.
No
experience
necessary
but
must be
willing
to
work.
Apply
3rd
Floor
Wright
or
phone 758-6366
would continue to move off
campus in increasing numbers.
Although most students
probably will rent apartments,
Edwin T. Mellor, a graduate
student at the University of
Massachusetts, predicted a
growth in the number of
communes, in which a number
of students share a large house.
Communes often include both
men and women.
Complain of curbs
The students' major
complaint about dormitories was
the lack of freedom.
"It's about time you as
housing officers realized that we
don't want our hands held any
more said Steven Kramer, a
graduate student at the
University of Massachusetts.
"When you're living on
campus the administration
makes all your decisions for
you said Carol Ramsey, a
graduate student at Springfield
College, "They act like we're not
capable of managing our own
affairs
Mellor said, however, that
universities should try to meet
the needs that students now feel
can be met only by moving off
campus.
Some institutions have tried
to do this by building
dormitories made up of suites or
apartments, but the students
rejected that as a solution. John
Briggs, makers and program
planners in the U.S. Office of
Education and the Congress
Copies of the resolution were
sent to President Nixon, to
Robert H. Finch, Secretary of
Health, Education, and Welfare,
and to members of Congress.
To form association
The presidents also agreed to
form a Washington-based
educational association to infuse
the needs and concerns of the
nation's 113 predominantly
Negro colleges into federal
policy planning. Martin D.
Jenkins, Jr president of Morgan
State College, was chosen as
head of an ad hoc committee to
establish the new organization.
The presidents said in their
statement that they "are faced
with crises in increased demands
for relevance and enrichment of
our educational programs for
greater numbers of black
students. Yet the national
programs amounting to tens of
millions of dollars are conceived
and operated in a way that does
not result in our benefiting in
them commensurate with our
enrollment of over one half of
all black undergraduates in
college in America
"The larger portion of money
for such programs, by far,
continues to be diverted to
white institutions that have no
history of significant enrollment
and hence no deep
understanding of and
appreciation for the programs of
the disadvantaged minority
student.
"In fact, a major use to which
these funds are put by white
colleges and universities is to
lure away creative black teachers
and administrators from our
campuses to implement their
newiy funded program
W. Thomas Carter, director of
the division of program
resources for the Bureau of
Educational Personnel
Development, and coordinator
for the conference, said that
du-ing the 1969 180 fiscal
year, the nation's predominantly
Negro institutions were receiving
about $1-million of the
$80-million to be granted by the
Office of Education to improve
teacher training.
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They continued, "Despite our
historic and our future
commitments to and
involvement in the education of
the disadvantaged, our
institutions have been
notoriously bypassed in the
allocations of funds for the
education of the disadvantaged
System is replaced
(cont'd, from Page 8)
have gained a much stronger
voice in campus decision-
making. The committee's report
states that the unicameral
system allows debate and
decision on an issue "in a single
University Senate meeting
Additionally, the report states, a
unicameral system should allow
a reduced committee structure
in the university, replacing the
tangle "of overlapping
committees with a unified
structure representing all
members of the university
community
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Page 14
Fountainhead
Septembers, 1969
September 9,
Cohn-Bendit leaves
aftermath of
confusion
OBSOLETE COMMUNISM: THE LEFT-WING ALTERNATIVE Daniel and
Gabriel Cohn-Bendit (New York: 1968. 256 pages. $5,951.
The more daring commentators on the French revolutionary movement of
AoMI and June 1968 have estimated that the revolutionary students and s.nkmg
worker!came within one hour of overthrowmg the French reg.me of Present
Charles de Gaulle. , .
Certainly the turmoil created by the strikes and the mass assemb.es of he
students and workers forced the collapse of the Gaullist governmentJron.cally
it also forced the election to a similar government dominated by Gaull.st
factions.
The masses, clearly, were not converted.
Despite the failure to revolutionize the political, economic, and social
structure, the students and workers did gain valuable experience m opening
communications between their groups and in establishing organisational un.ts,
the "Action Committees for the prosecution of future struggles.
Daniel and Gabriel Cohn-Bendit were contracted by a capitalist publishing
house to document the events of the revolution from the students' point of
view. . . r
Recognizing their inability to characterize the struggle in any sort of
historical perspective, the authors have attempted to analyze revolution from ,ts
beginnings in the March 22 movement for student control of the university to
the massive strike of French industrial workers which forced the call for a new
election.
At Nanterre, the suburban campus of the Sorbonne, the students boycotted
Munford-Do-lt- Yourself
West End Shopping Center
? fr
i Attention Art Students
-?
fytntit the 20 SPefitemlel me
s mitt henck the attached certificate
fob a bAaipht 20 discount to
the fikbt 50 btudentb hutchabina anu
alt bufifitieb at (Tnfnr(j o
tdtt cthetb mitt receive a S
discount on anu alt bufifitiek ufion
ikebentaticn Of the attached certificate
jKimfortTg (ftertifttate
LK) fa OJrJr on any art supplies to
the first 50 (fifty) students
presenting this certificate
loo OFF to all other students
presenting this certificate prior
to the expiration date
Bringe This CcrtiftcatcEX PIRES
9-20-69
their May examinations, demanding the liberate of the wrintal from
cao ialistic purposes. The students demanded a "cr.t.cal un.vers.ty that would
repudiate the university's previous collusion in producmg "future, non-cnt.ca.
.eaders for the capitalistic ????9WWM
The use of disproportionate repressive force, including the arrest of
Cohn-Bendit polarized the disinterested students who heretofore had limited
their alternatives to passive resistance in the form of boycotts, petitions, and so
f?rThe transformed "moderates" were to prove instrumental in erecting the
barricades which sealed off "liberated" parts of their universities from easy
frontal assaults by members of the police department.
The students' erection of barricades and their willingness to defend them is
symbollic of the way in which ideology is transformed into action.
Gradually the workers went back to their jobs and the students returned to
their universities. A few hardcore activists remained in the streets. Some of the
leaders were deported, including Daniel Cohn-Bendit. a West German citizen.
Thus there was little lasting reform. The university curr.culums might be
reformed; the workers might be appeased.
But the system remained the same.
"Obsolete Communism: The Left Wing Alternative" is purposely devoid of
the egotism and polemic which characterize most leftist documents. In faot.the
book is greatly an ideological philosophical treatise on the practicality of
anarcho-syndicalism.
Cohn-Bendit concludes that both the French and Soviet Communist Parties,
Thus there was little lasting reform. The university curriculums
might be reformed; the workers might be appeased.
But the system remained the same.
"Obsolete Communism: The Left Wing Alternative" is
purposely devoid of the egotism and polemic which characterize
most leftist documents. In fac, the book is greatly an
ideological-philosophical treatise on the practicality of
anarcho-syndicalism.
Cho.i-Bendit concludes that both the French and Soviet
Communist Parties, as well as the Maoists and the Trotskyites,
have removed themselves from the goals of the workers by
establishing "class" bureaucricies which purpost to represent the
people but in actuality represent only the bureaucrats.
Reasons for failure
Now a student of law in Frankfurt, Cohn-Bendit has no
illusions as to the causes of the failure of the May June
revolution. It failed because the students and the workers failed
to achieve a level of solidarity commensurate with the
movement's goals; it failed because the apologists for the Gaullist
regime, in the form of the Communist controlled labor union
leaders and French Communists, were allowed to sway the masses
and lead them from their immediate opportunities.
This book was writeen and published in three languages so that
the opportunities will not be overlooked the next time, so that
the lessons learned on the streets of Paris will not be forgotten, so
that the people will never forget their inherent power over the
decision-making process.
For one glorious moment during the evening of May 24, 1968,
the people of France, the workers and the students, were capable
of overthrowing the government and occupying its buildings with
little resistance available from either the CRS or the army.
But the workers allowed themselves to be persuaded to give up
their opportunity for a bloodless revolution, and the moment was
lost - perhaps forever.
RF
ROBERT KE?
E.P. Dutton &
Seldom do
completely as
author's unde
sentiment, acr
direct involver
Jack Newfi
of the original
1962, Newfie'
views and ac
idolatoi but o
Newfield's
Robert Kenne
with Kennedy
and Los Angc
of Robert r
politics" to 1
"changes and
half decade o
threatened, tl
Kennedy
Newf ield
sentiment, ar
excessive drar
spirit of the
he states in
truthful, but i
Consequen
odyssey am
personality o
of personaiiti
character of tl
Many of
popular stere
author tells i
contrivances
other politici
government.
Robert Kc
affluence but
his strength-
dispossessed:
Kennedy
who was ofte
and political r
"He was '
eulogized hir
compromising
he must have
He was a
future goals.
Vietnam in f
of the futurt
wrong in str
change in pol
When he c
risking fragm
in the last yi
views. Furthi
afraid of cha
motivated by
peace and ful
Au?Mk?
I-
-?

September 9. 1969
Fountamhead
, 5
I
rumors
(3) of
1
?h
cmae
By bob McDowell
ROBERT KENNEDY: A MEMOIR by Jack Newfield (New York:
E.P. Dutton & Co 1969, 320 pp $6.95).
Seldom does a biography capture the essence of a men so
completely as Jack Newfield's Robert Kennedy: A Memoir. The
author's understanding of the subject transcends the bonds of
sentiment, achieving a higher plane of criticism strengthened by
direct involvement in the events chronicled.
Jack Newfield was Robert Kennedy's friend?and critic. One
of the original founders of Students for a Democratic Society in
1962, Newfield often found himself at variance with Kennedy's
views and actions. His attitude, therefore, is not that of an
idolatoi but of a colleague.
Newfield's aim is to correct the "mistaken public image" of
Robert Kennedy by personal testimony derived from association
with Kennedy during the years "between the gunshots of Dallas
and Los Angeles The book is intended to be a political record
of Robert Kennedy's unfinished transition from the "old
politics" to the "new politics but it is also a record of the
"changes and convulsions in America between 1963 and 1968?a
half decade of war, violence, racism, and social chaos-that first
threatened, then educated, and finally began to change Robert
Kennedy
A passionate record
testiment is passionate, without invoking
They will not be persuaded
every word
has an equal and opposite reaction
T
(no
(and may we not walk there naked
you and I
in our electric mist of squirming light?
words except these whispered among members) ah
- m
They have small me??ns
for responding
to seduction
change is not something we can do to them.
how their shoulders would unslope
their mouths
untwist, voices unwhine
their eyes grow soft
and steady
seeing how we must fee! .
9 being us
Imperatives futile
as CHANGE!
or LEARN!
or LOVE!
Agents are secret
architects or farmers
godly we parcel the void
with impersonal walls
clearing the gardens where nature can occur.
"Structu reProcessAttitude"
(Goodwin Watson)
change structure and the attitudes will change
create environments
a
Newfield's lesiimenr is passionate, wunoui invoking ??.??- ww nroDitlOUS forms
sentiment, and emotional, without resorting to morbidity or f ?fc. m? ?
I heard one mutter in soliloquy
He hath a dayly beauty in his life,
That makes me ugly
(lago)
Backlash is
a physical phenomenon
and our
realm is the real
let us not walk there glowing
but take our skin, hot
from the day s labor,
home to a sound sleep .
and harves evenin
lean on the fence by the full field
silhouetted
in the bulging sun , -?
3 a sucking a spear of whea
?
I
?
I
I
I
excessive dramatization. Newfield's attitude is indicative of the
spirit of the "new" journalism, the journalism of involvement. As
he states in his "foreword "My goal here is to be fair and
truthful, but not neutral
Consequently, the reportage of Robert Kennedy's political
odyssey and his last 81 -day campaign reflects both the
personality of the author and the subject. The author's analyses
of personalities and events is invaluable in eiuciuatmg tne true
character of the enigmatic Kennedy.
Many of Newfield's observations do much to expose the
popular stereotypes of Robert Kennedy was not ruthless, the
author tells us; but rather, he was impatient with the "small
contrivances of politics the egotism and special interests of
other politicians, and the intransigency of certain parts of the
government.
A politician of the people
Robert Kennedy was a politician of the people, born to
affluence but educated by poverty and human suffering. He drew
his strength-and his direction-from the needs of America's
dispossessed: the poor, the black, and the young.
Kennedy was not a saint, but a "conflicted, vulnerable man"
who was often troubled by the conflict between his own morality
and political necessity:
"He was 'a good and decent man as his younger brother
eulogized him, but he allowed himself to be trapped in the
compromising snakepit of American politics and so he did th.ngs
he must have been ashamed of
He was aware of his contradictions, his past record and his
future goals When he objected to United States' involvement in
Vietnam in February, 1968, he repudiated the past for the sake
of the future. He admitted that he. and his brother, had been
wrong in strengthening U.S. participation, and he called for a
change in policy.
Confronting Lyndon Johnson
When he confronted Lyndon Johnson, he defied precedent by
risking fragmentation of his party in an election year. H.s actions
in the last years of his life made manifest his changing pol.tica
views. Furthermore, it showed that Robert Kennedy was not
afraid of change, was not bound to past m.stakes; "??
motivated by what he felt to be the requ.rements for the future
peace and fulfillment of the American people.
1
3
Reserve corps cut back
The three military services
have announced or will
announce shortly plans to
remove their Reserve Officers
Training Corps units from the
campuses of Dartmouth College
and Harvard University.
The Air Force will abandon it
discussions were taking place.
The Army and Air Force did not
identify specific institutions.
Most of the negotiations
concern academic credit for
ROTC courses and faculty status
for military officers who teach
them. Although the war in
ROTC program at Harvard and Vietnam has generated many of
Dartmouth on June 30, 1971.
The Nayy has indicated it will
leave Harvard by 1971 and
Dartmouth by 1973.
The Army has not announced
specific dates for removing units
from Harvard and Dartmouth,
but a spokesman said plans for
the withdrawals were nearing
completion.
The end to ROTC at the two
institutions was spelled out after
faculty votes to terminate the
programs. The Navy also plans
to end its ROTC programs at
Brown and Columbia
Universities in 1972.
Future Discussed
In addition to the announced
withdrawals, spokesmen for all
three services confirmed that
they were negotiating with other
institutions about the future of
ROTC units there. The Navy
listed Cornell, Princeton,
Stanford, Tufts, and Yale
Universities and the University
of Pennsylvania as those where
the student protests over ROTC
on the campuses, the issues of
credit and faculty status have
been the main targets of faculty
criticism.
(Reprinted from THE
CHRONICLE OF HIGHER
EDUCATION
Juniors urged
to order rings
Attention Juniors and
Seniors!
You can avoid the fall rush to
order class rings by ordering
now. There will be an early ring
sale beginning on Thursday,
September 11 and ending on
Friday Septembt 19.
This is not the regular Balfour
ring sale; that sale will be held
later in the quarter. This sale is
simpiy to give students an extra
chance to order rings.
The sale will be held at the
ring case in the Student Union
between the hours of 2:00
5:00 p.m.
aiflieciate
s
? 3-HOUR SHIRT 8EBV1CK
? 1-HOUR CLEANING
Hour Glass Cleaners
DRIVE-IN CURB SERVICE
14th and Charlea St. Corner Acrow From Har??
Complete Laundry and Dry Ctoantnr Serrloe
TAFF OFFICE EQUIPMENT CO.
?AtoENT DESK LAMPS - MEETING CARDS
STUDENT Ut-SR. Pr?fessional Filing Supplies
"DSffi-E??? - M Supp'?2.2n5
214 Kast 5th Street
BLOW YOURSELF UP
Black and White
2ft.x3ft.$0
Poster only j&
($'1.95 value)
with plastic frame $4
($7.95 value)
Send any black & white or color
photo up to 8" x 10" (no nega-
tives) and the name "Swingline"
cut from any Swingline stapler or
staple refill package to: Poster-
Mart, P. 0. Box 165, Woodside,
N.Y. 11377. Enclose cash,
check or money order (no
C.O.Ds) in the amount of $2.00
for each biow-up; $4.00 for
blow-up and frame as shown.
Add oales tax where applicable.
Original material returned
undamaged. Satisfaction
guaranteed. Allow 30 days
for delivery.
THE
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SWINGLINE
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stapler yet no larger than a
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?

ruarrtawnedvi
September 9, I9fig
r
ECU graduate comes back home
By PHYLLIS BRIDGEMAN
Jerry Paul looks like a
delegate to the Interfraternity
Council's fifth reunion. His build
suggests that he might have once
played collegiate football, but
five years show above his belt.
His mannerisms and dress
bespeak a businessman on the
way up. Strangefor though his
stride shows a feeling of
confidence and therefore pride,
it belies the unproud, almost
humble slope of his shoulders
and the slow, nearly shy grin
that invariably lights up his
lawyer's solemn mask.
Who is Jerry Paul? Well, it
depends on the Jerry Paul you
are talking about: the '65
graduate of ECU who came here
on an athletic grant for football
or the American Civil Liberties
Union lawyer who's been
practicing for eleven months in
Greenville.
Not even a proponent of
radical politics who knows Paul
the man-at-work would ever
label him part of the bourgoisie.
But Paul the ECU graduate adds
an interesting ironic touch.
Paul graduated from here
with a degree in both Social
Studies and Physical Education,
obtaining a biology certificate
on the side. He moved to
Washington, N.C. from
Washinqton. D.C. in his
?Hi
?
childhood. Three children and a
lovely wife in suburbia complete
the picture.
In a superficial manner of
speaking, that completes the
picture. A look at the American
Civil Liberties Union may help
cc'or the rest.
This nonpartisan
organization's sole purpose is to
defend the Bill of Rights
for everyone . John F. Kennedy
said of it: During the 43
years of its existence, the
American Civil Liberties Union
has played a significant role in
defending our basic democratic
freedoms. Your voice has always
been raised clearly and sharply
when our liberties have been
threatened
David Lawrence, syndicated
conservative writer, described
ACLU along with the American
Legion as two ultra-conservative
organizations. There have been
other viewpoints.
Paul is currently amongst
those Greenvillites interested in
forming a chapter in this area.
"We desire to develop
communication with students
and minority groups and
convince them that there is a
way within the system to redress
grievances. The problems is to
make the system work right, like
it's supposed to
Typical of Paul's obvious and
avowed belief in the dignity of
every human being and his
JERRY PAUL, cooperating attorney for the ACLU
2
- $$y
Gentleman's Attire
20I E. Fifth Street
Greenville, N.C.
Welcome tftudentb
freedom to be his own man in a
self-governing society, he said,
"We feel like it's not the system
that's bad, it's people. We want
to make it (the system) work as
the constitution intends for it to
work
ACLU attacks that problem
not only through the courts, but
through legislation. For instance,
Charles Lambert appeared
before the N.C. General
Assembly this year on behalf of
those seeking abolishment of the
death penalty.
rdUl dlbU poinieu ixj vyiiaiiunc
last spring where the ACLU
enjoined police from harassing
"hippies
"They say the answer is not
to put a policeman on every
block. Obviously you'll lower
the crime rate if you kill every
person suspected of a crime. We
have to stop and ask what price
we'll pay. A happy person just
does not commit crimes
Law 'n order is a two-way
proposition for Jerry Paul. He
noted that the 73 biggest
corporations in the country have
Approved ECU Housing for
Women Students
Refrigerator and Light Cooking
in
each Suite
been convicted of only three
violations of law each in the last
40 years.
An individual with two
previous convictions would
probably bring himself long-term
room and board in the
penitentiary the third time
around.
Furthermore, school districts
in the South have been violating
law 'n order since 1954. By the
same token, criminals should be
able to decide which laws make
them mad or so this kind of
law 'n nrrlpr Ionic noes, if VOU
carry it out to cases.
But Jerry Paul also levels his
displeasure at the other end of
the night stick. "Dissent and
discussion are the lifestream of a
democratic society. But I have
no sympathy with people who
say I'm only one person, what
can I do? Nothing is
accomplished by sitting back
and griping
The American Civil Liberties
Union is probably the "love
generation" of the American Bar
Association. Though he has
defended the civil rights of drug
users, he feels that "heavy drug
users are empty shells Change
and reality are two inseparable
complements.
His personal philosophy
emphasizes that the politics of
this area should no longer be the
business of a few, but the
business of all. "Concepts are
changing and some don't
understand it. I hope this area
does not run into the problem of
becoming completely irrelevant
to the rest of the nation
Something about the five
years showing above the belt of
this member of the ACLU love
generation suggests that he
means it when he says:
On Nixon's latest
appointment to the Supreme
Court, Edmund Burger, he
pointed out the fact that
regardless of the situation, there
will be no radical changes in the
Supreme Court because of the
nature of the court itself.
"Chances that the Court will be
as active in he field of human
rights are that it will not be
Addressing himself to another
of Nixon's programs the police
and crime in the streets Paul
noted that there has got to be a
radical change in the policf;
force. The crime rate is climbing
and the police are having trouble
hiring.
"The problem is low pay,
long hours, inadequate training
and refusal of legislators to
follow numerous commissions
who have studied the problem
"No matter how you are,
how high your ideals are or how
liberal you are - if you ever
attempt to infringe on the rights
of another, I'll fight you!
Marine lab
is installed
at Manteo
A biology-geology research
laboratory has been installed at
Manteo to be used by the
faculty and students of ECU for
instruction and research in
marine science.
Dr. Stanley Riggs of the
geology faculty will direct the
geology phase of the program
and Professor Francis Belcik will
be in charge of the biology
instruction.
Located in the Roanoke
Building, the Marine Science
Center will be utilized on a
y?ar-round basis for estuarine
research and marine science
instructional programs.
Scheduled to begin operation
this quarter, the center will offer
formal courses in biology and
geology to approximately 15
seniors and graduate students
each quarter.
Both students and teachers
will live on Roanoke Island for
tho quarter.
3Ae Ultimate in o?j! amfiub Stwinp
tenth and heath street
resident manager 758?2867
?
Welcome Students
Rathskeller
111 east 5tK. si.
Happy Hour Weekly
Good Food and Entertainment
Air Conaitioneo
Open 11:00am to 11:30pm
September 9,
The
of ?
By WA
The purpo
column is to
questions tha
to students
and specific
University: W
of a universil
students relat
Many sti
country are
a nswers to
general natur
based on i
student gover
of some vali
population.
The role
general is to
with a lib
education in
society thro
of new ideas
of accompli
light of this
must provi
which is coi
and to ex
horizons of
as the commi
The uni
cognizant ol
wide diversit
must provid
which these
heard and d
only desirabl
growth of th(
Furtherm
must expanc
the expansio
and the rial
I

md teachers
e Island for
September 9, 1969
The
of a
role
university
Fountainhead
By WAYNE EADS
The purpose of the following
column is to answer these three
questions that will be of interest
to students of any university,
and specifically East Carolina
University: What is the purpose
of a university and how do the
students relate to the role?
Many students across the
country are looking for the
answers to questions of this
general nature. My answers are
based on my experience in
student government and may be
of some value to the student
population.
The role of a university in
general is to provide its student
with a liberal and practical
education in order to better the
society through the innovation
of new ideas and better methods
of accomplishing its aims. In
light of this goal, the university
must provide an atmosphere
which is conducive to learning
and to expanding cultural
horizons of the student, as well
as the community itself.
The university must be
cognizant of new ideas and a
wide diversity of opinion, and
must provide an atmosphere in
which these challenges may be
heard and debated. This is not
only desirable, but vital to the
growth of the university.
Furthermore, the university
must expand in proportion to
the expansion of the community
and the nation at large. This
expansion must be both physical
and academic, and must
accomodate the insurge of new
college students of the next
several years.
A progressive university is
necessary to the progression of
the nation, for the university
students of today will be the
nation's leaders tomorrow.
In order for these men to lead
the nation on a progressive path
and that is vital to the
existence of any nation in
today's world - they must have
the proper background in their
university years. Therefore, the
university must get away from
the "ivory tower" concept and
take an active part in the affairs
of the community.
The present political and
social upheaval, resulting in the
discontent of many people, not
just in this country, but across
the world on scores of issues,
must be answered with
constructive programs within the
next decade. The university is
perhaps one of the best suited
laboratories for finding these
answers.
It is the role of the university
to try, for this is part of the
practical education to which a
university student should at least
be exposed. His educat'on must
be as complete as possible in
order for him to cope with the
massive problems of the
contemporary era.
As past Speaker of the
Summer SGA Legislature, I was
the leader, in theory at least, of
that body. As such, I was in a
strong position for influencing
policy and innovating programs
that would be of benefit to the
student in the context of the
academic community and the
role of the university in such.
The SGA should be the
spokesman of students' rights
and academic freedom, both of
which are important in the
maintenance of the atmosphere
necessary to the process of
learning in one of the nation's
universities. Since the SGA
Legislature makes the laws that
govern the students and since
the SGA has great power, both
real and extrajurisdictional, in
these matters, students with
problems that are in the power
of the SGA should go to the
officers for answers.
The role of the student in
regard is to familiarize himself
with the workings of the student
government and to take his
questions to the SGA, which is
his elected governing body.
Every student should vote in the
SGA elections for the candidates
that most nearly hold the
outlook of the students in his
election district.
In addition, the student
should work toward improving
the atmosphere of the
university. Voting student
members on all Faculty Senate
committees are a necessity for
the student to have a responsible
voice in the formulation of
policy that will directly affect
him. These committees will deal
with problems such as
curriculum, admissions, financial
aid, and the university calendar,
all of which directly concern the
student.
University students are
intelligent members of society
that should not be controlled as
if they were simulv children.
Students want more freedom
in such matters as
Page 17
dormito'y hours and
restrictions, and they want a
bigger voice in making the rules
that they must live by.
Their gripes are legitimate
and should be heard. In fact,
they must be heard in order to
improve the university in
proportion to the community's
expansion.
And finally, the student
should take an active part in the
life of the academic community,
not necessarily in some public
office, but in some phase of the
activities on campus. In this
way, each student will be doing
a little bit to improve the
university, and all the little
improvements will add up to one
big improvement, and this will
cause a noticable improvement
in tha nation itself.
ft? MOjVtyDDM
(reeWve Ao Omooe. Vjo$ ;irh
Shirley's Georgetown Barber Shop
Pblcam jltutUnts
Haircuts
Razor Cuts
Hair Styling
Georgetowne Shoppes Near Campus
Welcome Back Students
University Book Exchange
528 South Cotanche
New and Used Texts
Complete School Supplies
All Types of Prints and Posters
Students' Checks Cashed
with or without purchase
We @m 't ?Ue fyntill Mie &t Student U W.
-J
. ?

Fountainhead
September 9, 1969
Page 18
Mrs. Black
A poor choice?
President Nixon recently
announced the appointment of
Mrs Shirley Temple Black to the
American delegation to the
twenty-fourth United Nations
General Assembly, opening on
September 16, 1969. This
appointment is a political
tragedy, for it makes a mockery
of the basic concepts of peace
and freedom in the modern
world.
Consider for a moment the
qualifications of Mrs. Black. !n
the 1968 elections she had ran
for Congress on the Republican
ticket in California. As a former
actress turning to politics, she
knew little or nothing about
political affairs. Because of her
ignorance, she hired the public
relations firm of Whitaker and
Baxter to manage her campaign.
They surveyed the people of
her election district and decided
that for her to win, she must run
as a Vietnam hawk. She
thoughtlessly took that advice
too ignorant of the consensus of
opinion on the issue to know
that she could not win on that
platform.
Remarkable campaign
To quote from "Nation"
magazine (Dec. 4, 1967): "Mrs.
Black's campaign was
remarkable for her
contemptuous attitudes toward
political debate and contact with
the votersShe guessed wrong
on Vietnam (she was a fierce
hawk, dropping remarks to the
effect that the bombs hadn't
even started falling)
The"Reporter"(Nov. 2, 1967)
continued: "She even seems to
be a fatalist about a Third World
War, noting that U.S. strategy in
Vietnam should not be based on
fear of setting off a
conflagration. 'We musn't be
afraid of this war that may come
some day she says. 'I think it
will happen anyway "
Her campaign proved to the
voters of California that she was
not the kind of leader that this
nation needs. She was easily
beaten by Pete McCloskey, a
lieutenant colonel in the Marine
reserves and a strong Vietnam
dove.
Political expeciency
Her campaign had been based
on what she believed would be
politically expedient, not on
true beliefs. The fact that she
would hire a public relations
firm to tell her what the voters
wanted will prove this. Mrs.
Black should have retired from
political life at that time; she
would be much better off buried
in the annals of movie fame.
The thought of Mrs. Black
holding any public office is
appalling. The people of
California knew this and
consequently refused to sanction
her candidacy for office. Now
the President of the United
States has appointed such a
person to a national office of
high importance. His
appointment was based on the
fact that she had aided the
Republican Party and his
candidacy in the elections.
Spring offensive
will continue
Other than that, her only
possible qualifications for her
job with the United Nations are
the facts that she worked for a
time in a clinic near her home,
she worked for a time in an
educational television station.
and she was a member of the
International Federation of
Multiple Sclerosis Societies. Can
these be considered as
qualifications for an office of
vital importance not only to the
nation, but to the entire United
Nations? The idea is at best
extremely absurd.
Her campaign speeches,
quoted here again from The
"ReporterNov. 2, 1967) show
her opinion of the UN: "Mrs.
Black supports the United
Nations beca, se 'it does serve to
keep the lines of communication
open' but says that 'most of it is
Communist propaganda
"McCarthyism" hinted
That statement reeks of Joe
McCarthy and is certainly not
the best attitude for a UN
delegate to hold.
Even the thought of her
appointment makes a mockery
of the purpose of the United
Nations. If all appointments to
the UN consisted of such
unqualified persons, the
organization as a peace-seeker
would soon reverse and become
another dictatorial power.
The last thing that this
present world needs is another
dictator, especially one that has
the support of the 126 members
of the United Nations. And this
will not happen, for the wor!H
would quickly denounce such an
organization.
The people of the United
States, especially theU.S.Senate
which has the power to confirm
or reject Presidential
appointments, should act in like
manner. The United States, as
the leader of the free world,
should act to ensure that
freedom. Representatives
certainly should not be the kind
of person who would be a dove
or a hawk on the sole basis of
what they feel is politically
expedient.
Leaders needed
Politicians have in the past
been notorious for that attitude.
Boss Tweed of New York City is
a good example of what can
happen when a person gains
political power for the sake of
expediency. The same principle
applies to one who would
"believe" in something simply to
get elected to public office.
This nation needs a new
breed of leaders, men who act
on their beliefs and not on what
they think may be politically
expedient. The leadership of the
past few years has proven that it
cannot cope with the problems
of the contemporary world.
Many America thought that
the election of Richard Nixon
would bring about this change.
But it obviously has not. After
eighteen years of playing the
loser, Mr. Nixon has now proved
that, even as President, he is still
just a loser. Congratulations to
the court jester.
BYBENCURRENCE
Spring, 1969, some called
demands made by black students
(and their dissenting actions that
followed) senseless and only
imitating the actions of others
on various campuses across the
nation. It just couldn't happen
here; "I'm satisfied they said,
" and so should they be
Nevertheless, peacefully and
lawfully exercising their
constitutional rights of dissent,
free speech and assembly, Black
students were met by such
reactionary actions as an assault
on a female supporter by a
football player, occupation of
buildings including girls'
dormitories by football players
armed with no less than baseball
bat and sticks for "protective"
purposes.
They were met with
harassment in the dormitories by
students and hall officials alike,
refused use of university
buildings, harassed by racist civil
authorities, bomb threats and
threats on individual's lives. An
analysis of this should give you
some idea just how peaceful
dissent was handled.
When a group of students is
systematically deprived of the
right to learn of their past and
present history and culture (a
right clearly defined in the
individual racism day by day,
the same rebellious spirit as was
fermented even in the founders
of this country becomes a part
of that group.
Harry Edwards, Black
activist, very eloquently put it:
"The generation coming up
behind me will make Rap,
Stokley, Eldridge and Harry
Edwards look like Toms. They
are determined that this is where
the bullshit ends
And that's exactly how Black
students felt and still feel on this
campus. Months of confering
and discussing grievances of
Black students led to no
satisfactory or relevant end, and
thus the way was paved for
impatience.
The impatience, intensified
with every new conference,
discussion or any reliance on the
"democratic process" to bring
justice, c onsequently
transformed the grievances into
demands (dig the history of the
American Revolution).
Immediately following the
transformation, as if by miracle,
progressive steps were made to
initiate relevant action on the
demands.
However, some of the
solutions in their simplicity can
be viewed only as temporary and
superficial answers. Present and
future programs should be
structured as to facilitate
rrorcoc nf tho imiversitv) anH constant revisions,
subject to both institutional and constantly changes.
cninV
There were those demands
labeled by some administrators,
faculty and students as
"impossible temporarily
slowing down progressive action.
The labeling of these demands
served only to psychologically
satisfy those who refused
relevant change.
A student referendum on a
part of one demand to abolish
racist practices on campus was
defeated. What this denotes is
merely that the voting student
majority, be they aware or not,
wishes to perpetuate racist
ideology and action within the
academic sanctions of our
campus.
Problems such as this cannot
be solved by a majority vote. If
that were the case, in many
instances tax and civil rights
legislation would never have
passed. The very high
probability that the majority
might be wrong cannot be
overlooked.
Spring '69 was only a
beginning in the movement to
abolish racism and provide
situation where all students are
exposed to equal opportunities.
Tokenism J pointless
compromises will be rejected
Tne line is drawn, baby. As
Brother Eldridge Cleaver puts it,
"you're either going to be part
of the problem or part of the
solution
Welc
Gree
If nothing
University, it c
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honest to god I
Three years
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learning.
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Allow us to
graduates of 'i
classroom buili
at least six mot
The library
definitely reno
the new Minge:
Both the IV
AAU Men's S
held on this
campus literar
its All-Americc
You missed
You unfort
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another buildir
And you miss
such as Napp, I
Yes, Green
changes in th
years. The sta
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keep in step wi
So now we
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?oin the mover
Fairness an
the same time
government is
democracy.
Therefore,
fairness and ir
the university
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Students now
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Phyllis Bridgerm

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Welcome to
Greenville
If nothing else is ever said about East Carolina
University, it can be noted that this decade saw the
metamorphosis of a teachers college into an
honest to god University.
Three years ago East Carolina was still tied to ECTC
with all the connotations implied by life at a teachers
college. University status came along, and to the outside
world, Greenville now had a new institution of higher
learning.
But for all practical purposes, the seeds for a great
university had already been planted and was bearing
fruit by the time the smoke had cleared over university
status.
Allow us to tell you freshmen what conveniences the
graduates of '65 didn't enjoy. There are the three new
classroom buildings (music, nursing, science) as well as
at least six more dormitories.
The library has supposedly been renovated, and EC
definitely renovated Ficklen Stadium as well as building
the new Minges Coliseum.
Both the Mid-South Model United Nations and the
AAU Men's Swimming and Diving Championship were
held on this campus. While this was going on, the
campus literary magazine, "The Rebel was beginning
its All-American tradition.
You missed a little more than all these artifacts too.
You unfortunately missed the experience of having a
class in the Old Austin Building. There'll never be
another building with as much character on this campus.
And you missed some of the all-time great professors,
such as Napp, Pasti, Adams, Lanfear, and Browne.
Yes, Greenville has never witnessed such gigantic
changes in the campus as it ihas seen these last few
years The staff of "The East Carolinian" felt it only
fitting and proper that the campus newspaper should
keep in step with the university it serves.
So now we present you with the first edition of the
new "Fountainhead and most sincerely invite you to
join the movement to keen in step with the times.
Fairness and integrity are our journalistic goals. At
the same time, we like to point out that our student
government is modeled after our national participatory
democracy.
Therefore, it is more complete for us to say that
fairness and integrity inservice to and with the rest of
the university is the star for which we reach.
More than anytning else, we want to recommend by
example the new mood of campus involvement.
Students now have the right to participate in academic
committees. More professors and administrators than
ever before are willing to let the student participate in
his own education.
We can't let such opportunity for personal growth
and involvement slip by. What are YOU going to do
during the four shopping days left before 1984?
PGB
Counuinhead
W and the truth shall make vou free
Phyllis Bridgeman. Coordinator Bob Thonen, Business Manager
STAFF
Wayne Eads, Benjamin Currence,
Steve Hubbard, Bob McDowell,
Beverly Denny, Keith Parrish,
Al Dean Chip Callaway
Charles Mock, Ariisi
Up against the wall
By BEN CURRENCE
Military involvement on the
ampus of any institution of
ligher education has been and
vill continue to be a target for
strong criticism and
heart-searching questions from
students and faculty alike. From
it comes connotations of campus
nvolvement in the war in
ietnam. It's there, standing in
ront of us and we can't get
round it.
Besides military involvement
jn our campuses in the form of
research and grant programs,
there looms the Reserve Officer
Training Corp program. The
immediate purpose of ROTC
appears to be the provision of a
pool of college men from which
a small number of highly
motivated and well-educated
officers wfM emerge.
EDUCATION
But will this "highly
motivated and well-educated"
officer have experienced and
education which allowed him to
develop his personal philosophy
of living through inquiry and
examination of not only military
philosophy, but the mo?rl sides
of what he himself will be a
part?
The question can hardly be
answered "yes for what the
cadets are subject to is an
indoctrination to the single
militaristic interpretation of the
obligations of citizenship. It is
evident, not only in on-campus
"training" and lectures, but also
in the content of such
extra-campus activities as field
trips to various military bases.
Seemingly, the content of
many of the program's courses
and the methods by which the
program is carried out are
indirect conflict with the
purposes of a university.
MILITARISTIC BRAINWASHING
It would be virtually
impossible to say that the ROTC
men are being faced with both
sides of military philosophy and
techniques within the classroom.
The Vietnam war may be viewed
by some as an instance in which
the white-hat-good-guy-
savior-of-democracy United
States has intervened in its role
as protector of tha good.
One mint then consider it
from the viaw that the U.S. eagle
has put Its unwarranted
imperialistic talons into another
country. It is surprising to some
to find that the majority of the
victimized country's population
is fighting against U.S. forces.
Can one call this
indoctrination?
Having a voluntary ROTC
program as an off-campus,
extracurricular activity would
offer the same academic
opportunity as the on-campus
version. It would also provide
more time and opportunity for
field trips and visits.
Whether or not these
programs during the academic
year are more effective than
other programs taught during
the summer months away from
the academic institution is a
matter of opinion.
Marine Corp trainees are
schooled during the summer
months and have no ROTC
program on campus. One could
hardly argue that Marine officers
are in any way inferior to those
of other military branches
employing academic-year
training.
We are faced with
questionable features of ROTC
revolving around its academic,
moralistic and humanistic values.
Some have suggested a binding
referendum of the entire
university community to find a
solution.
MAJORITY VOTE USELESS
However, as the editors of the
Harvard Crimson CAprtl 14,
1969) put it, "The difficulty
with this proposal is that ROTC
is not a question to be resolved
by a majority vote. It is a moral
question, binding on those who
bold a moral position which
happens to be in a minority.
This principle is commonly
accepted in democratic societies:
school segregation, state rettgion
and genocide are examples of
policies which could easily win
elections in various localities,
but which must not be
submitted to such a majority
rule. ROTC falls in a similar
category. The only solution to
the ROTC controversy is
actively to cease co-operating
with the ROTC program
I

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