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North Carolina Libraries
Fall 2000
The fire next time: Disaster planning and recovery
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Volume 98, Number 7
ISSN 0029-2540
Fall 2000
mums J HE FIRE NEXT TIME:
DISASTER PLANNING & RECOVERY
John Welch, Guest Editor
48 Shelter from the Storm: Disaster Prevention and Planning,
Pamela Hackbart-Dean
54 knee Deep in North Carolina: A Disaster Planning Manual, Ron Haislip
57 After Floyd: Reaching Out to Help Flood Victims Recover Precious Possessions,
Elizabeth H. Smith
64 From the Bottom Up: School Library Media Centers and the Flood of 1999, Angela
Egerton, Ellen Kendall, and Rhea Resnik
67 One Public LibraryTs Response to the Storm of the Century, Willie Nelms
70 _ Disaster Resources on the Web, Robert James
mummers PR ATURES aaa Ee
46 From the President
73 Lagniappe: Flood of the Century, Mary Boccaccio
74 Wired to the World: Hurricane Web Sites, Ralph Lee Scott
75 About the Authors
77 North Carolina Books
89 In View Of... Reynolda Manor Branch Library
91. NCLA Minutes
Advertisers: Baker Taylor, 90
Broadfoot's, 93
Brodart, 76
Checkpoint, 86 Cover: Photos left: In respect to the overall devastation, closed streets were but a mere
Current Editions, 86 inconvenience of the Floyd aftermath. Thousands of pets and livestock were victims, as
Davidson Titles, 56 well. These two kittens were survivors " and are now deservedly spoiled. (Photos courtesy
Ebsco, 87 Gary Weathersbee.) Right top: This building in Winston-Salem was destroyed by fire, see
Mumford Books, 81 photos and synopsis on page 49. (Photo courtesy Elizabeth Sapp.) Bottom rt.: This home
Parkway Publishers, 61 oin the country� between Belvior and Tarboro became a home literally oin the lake.�
Phibig, 94 (Photo courtesy Wendy Tucker.)
Quality Books, 85
SIRS, front cover North Carolina Libraries is the official publication of the North Carolina Library Association.
UNC Press, back cover Art direction and design by Pat Weathersbee of TeamMedia, Greenville, NC.
Plummer Alston ~AlT Jones, Jr., President
Milestones in
orth CarolinaTs libraries and librarians continue to make the news! Read on!
In the May 2000 issue of College and Research Libraries News, it was announced that
North Carolina State University Libraries received a $4,000 gift from Ford Motor
Company to pilot an internship program beginning in the fall of 2000. The libraries
will select an NCSU engineering student to learn how information technology is ap-
plied to libraries and information systems. If the pilot program is successful, the libraries
plan to expand it during the 2001-02 academic year.
The May 2000 issue of American Libraries included a three-page spread on the Public Li-
brary AssociationTs 8th National Conference in Charlotte, March 28-April 1, 2000. Director
Robert Cannon and the staff of the Public Library of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County
(PLCMC) got some outstandingly positive PR with regard to expanding their staff of automa-
tion support coordinators from 1 to 25. North Carolina author and poet Robert Mor-
gan presented one of over 100 programs available to over 7,500 participants. Be pre-
pared! The Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) will hold its na-
tional conference in Charlotte, April 8-15, 2003. I think that the word is out that
Charlotte is an ideal site for national conferences!
In the May 2000 issue of ALA News Releases, the American Library Association
@
N orth Car olina (ALA) Committee on Accreditation announced that it has continued the accredita-
Librarianship
46 " fall 2000
tion of several graduate programs leading to the first professional degree in library
and information studies. Our own School of Information and Library Science at the
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) and the Department of Li-
brary and Information Studies at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro
(UNCG) were among those reaccredited. UNC-CHTs program is scheduled for its next
review in 2006, UNCGTs in 2004.
SOLINET presented the Preservation and Electronic Information Award to the University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for Documenting the American South at the annual meeting
in Atlanta on April 28 (SOLINET DirectorTs Tipsheet, April-May 2000).
The Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC) announced in the May 2000 issue
of ALA News that Yolanda Foster Bolden of the Forsyth County Public Library (FCPL) has
been appointed to an advisory committee to represent ALA units affected by the Between the
Lions outreach campaign, a collaboration between ALSC and WGBH Educational Founda-
tion. She will represent the ALA Office for Literacy and Outreach Services (OLOS). The FREL
was selected by the Advisory Committee of the ALA OLOS to present a poster session/table
talk on diversity issues titled oPeople Discriminated Against Due to Race, Ethnicity or Lan-
guage� at the 2000 Diversity Fair at the ALA Annual Conference in Chicago.
The Southern Pines Public Library (SPPL)Ts Junior Library Leaders Program was recog-
nized for excellence in serving young adults by the ALA Young Adult Services Association
(YALSA) as part of a grant project funded by the Margaret A. Edwards Trust with support
from Heckman Bindery, Inc. The SPPL was recognized at the YALSA awards luncheon at the
ALA Conference in Chicago. ALA President Sarah Ann Long will present SPPL a plaque dur-
ing Teen Read Week, October 15-21, 2000.
The Cameron Village Regional Library of Wake County has been selected as a site this
fall for the second round of oFrom Rosie to Roosevelt: A Film History of Americans in World
War II,� a film and discussion series funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities
(NEH) to National Video Resources (NVR) in partnership with the ALA Public Programs Of-
fice. The new program, oPost War Years, Cold War Fears,� picks up the story where oFrom
Rosie to Roosevelt� leaves off.
Two North Carolina public libraries, Sheppard Memorial Library of Greenville and the
Forsyth County Public Library System, have been selected to host oThe Great Experiment:
George Washington and the American Republic,� a traveling exhibition organized by the
Huntington Library of San Marino, Califorinia, and the ALA Public Programs Office. The ex-
hibitions will take place between September 2000 and September 2003. The Sheppard Me-
morial Library was also selected to host the oGo Figure!� traveling exhibition between Sep-
tember 2000 and December 2001, organized by the ALA Public Programs Office and Minne-
North Carolina Libraries
North Carolina Libraries
ate eee
sota ChildrenTs Museum. oGo Figure!� is an interactive exhibition that brings the world of math
and its everyday uses to children two to seven years old and their parents through childrenTs lit-
erature. The project was developed in consultation with the ALA Association for Library Service
to Children, with major funding from The National Science Foundation and additional support
from Cargill and 3M.
Happy Birthday to BookHive! The Public Library of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County cel-
ebrated on June Ist the first birthday of its most popular Web site, BookHive, www.bookhive.
org, that helps children, parents, and educators find the very best in childrenTs literature. ALA
selected it as oone of the best sites for children,� an honor only 13 other sites received. Along
with BookHive, children and other young at heart folks will enjoy PLCMCTs award-winning Web
site, StoryPlace, www.storyplace.org, an interactive, bilingual storytelling site for children. This
summer ten thousand pre-schoolers in 228 Charlotte-area child care centers, most in at-risk
neighborhoods, enjoyed reading 22,000 new childrenTs books, the contribution of the PLCMC.
The donation was made possible by a $228,000 grant from Smart Start of Mecklenburg County.
The Libraries Build Sustainable Communities Project, a partnership between ALA and Global
Learning, Inc., is highlighted in a twelve-page insert in the June/July 2000 issue of American Librar-
ies. Two North Carolina librarians are on the Libraries Build Sustainable Communities Team. Steve
Sumerford, Assistant Director of the Greensboro Public Library, serves as chair, and Judith Davie,
Director of Library Media Services for the Guilford County Schools, is a member of the team.
The Chinese American Librarians Association (CALA) awarded Bin Li, a UNC-CH doctoral
student, the 2000 Sheila S. Lai Scholarship, which was presented to her at the ALA Annual Con-
ference in Chicago. The Foreign Language Center of the Cumberland County Public Library and
Information Center, where Bin Li was a former director, received the Leonard Wertheimer Award
ofor outstanding work that enhances and promotes multilingual and/or multiculrural public li-
brary service,� which was presented by the Public Library Association at the ALA Annual Confer-
ence in Chicago.
The Library Administration and Management Association (LAMA) award for Best of Show in
the category of Internet was presented to the Sandhill Regional Library System of Rockingham at
the ALA Annual Conference in Chicago.
It is worth noting that the SOLINET Board of Directors and the OCLC Users Council include
two North Carolina librarians on their rosters. Rhoda K. Channing (Wake Forest University) is
the newly elected Chair of the SOLINET Board of Directors. Larry Alford (UNC-CH), who for-
merly served on the SOLINET Delegation to the OCLC Users Council, is now President-Elect of
the OCLC Users Council and will serve as a member of the OCLC Strategic Directions and Gov-
ernance Advisory Council. SOLINET gave its Year 2000 Outstanding Library Program Award for
Continuing Education and Staff Development to the State LibraryTs Master Trainer Program
(MTP). Elaine Christian, who coordinates the MTP for the State Library, attended the awards cer-
emony at SOLINETTs headquarters in Atlanta.
State Librarian Sandy Cooper and State Library Consultant Tracy Casorso were among the
winners of the 1999 Frances Keppel Awards presented during the annual Federal State Coopera-
tive Statistics Professional Development Conference March 28, 2000, in San Antonio, Texas. The
Keppel Award is given for osubmitting prompt, complete, and high-quality public library data.�
The Lions International Foundation awarded the local District 31 G Lions Club a grant of
$10,641 to purchase a Braille computer and embosser which will be used at the Library for the
Blind and Physically Handicapped (LBPH) of the State Library. Congratulations to Francine Mar-
tin and Gary Ray (LBPH) for putting together a successful grant application!
On May 23, 2000, the North Carolina Public Library Directors and their supporters partici-
pated in the annual Public Library Legislative Day activities to seek an increase in the stateTs Aid
to Public Libraries Fund.
The Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA) Advisory Committee members for 2000-
2001 are Dale Gaddis (Durham County Public Library), Beverley Gass (Guilford County Techni-
cal Community College), Karen Gavigan (Rockingham County Schools), Kate Hickey (Elon Col-
lege), Beth Mueller (Boone), Willie Nelms (Sheppard Memorial Library, Greenville), Karen Perry
(Guilford County Public Schools), Jordan Scepanski (Chair, Triangle Research Libraries Network),
and Patricia Thibodeau (Duke University Medical Center). Thanks for your work on behalf of
North Carolina libraries!
3M Library Systems, a leader in library security for nearly 30 years, announced the selection
of 70 middle and high schools in the United States to receive a 3M Detection System for their
library media centers through the o3M Salute to Schools� Program. North Carolina winners are
River Road Middle School of Elizabeth City, Madison Middle School in Marshall, and Monroe
Middle School in Monroe.
Keep up the good work you all are doing to bring national recognition to North Carolina
libraries and to serve the informational and recreational needs of all North Carolinians!
Fall 2000 " 4/7
Shelter From the Storm:
Disaster Prevention and Planning
hether by hurricane, light-
ning strikes, or a broken
water pipe, disaster can hap-
pen anywhere, anytime. Pre-
ventive measures taken before
a disaster strikes can minimize
devastating damage. Also, steps
can be taken post-disaster that will accel-
erate recovery and minimize loss of col-
lections.
In some cases, speedy responses by
quick-thinking librarians or archivists
can prevent major losses of material, but
a quick reaction without a plan or pur-
pose is not enough to prevent disrup-
tions in service and hefty recovery costs.
By contrast, a library or archives
equipped with a disaster response plan
coordinated in advance and familiar to
all staff members will help an institution
recover quickly from even a severe disas-
ter, restoring service to near normal dur-
ing the clean-up process.!
The best way to handle disasters is
to assume their inevitability and to plan
accordingly. Every library, archives, his-
torical society, and records repository
needs disaster protection. Planning
ahead for disaster not only reduces
permanent damage or loss to collec-
tions, but may paradoxically prevent
disasters.�
Fire-related Disasters:
causes and prevention
The most feared of the upheavals
that libraries suffer is fire. Not only
does fire destroy materials, but quite
48 " Fall 2000
by Pamela Hackbart-Dean
often extinguishing the fire causes as
much, if not more, damage than the ac-
tual fire. It is imperative for library and
archives staff to learn steps that can be
taken to prevent fire. A fire may start
from many difference sources, and a
comprehensive fire prevention program
is not a simple undertaking.
Causes of fires include lightning
and earthquakes, old or improper wit-
ing, defective heating equipment, and
accumulations of combustible trash. In-
nocently overloading an outlet can re-
sult in a fire as damaging as one started
deliberately by an arsonist. Little can be
done to prevent natural disasters or a
determined arsonist, but much can be
done to prevent a fire caused by human
error and building failure. Remember,
library materials constitute a highly
combustible, compact fuel that will
burn to completion if given the chance.
Profile of a Fire
Typically, a fire will develop in four
stages: incipient, smoldering, flame and
Planning ahead for disaster
not only reduces permanent
damage or loss to collections,
but may paradoxically
prevent disasters.
heat. In the incipient phase, there is sig-
nificant heat but no visible smoke or
flames. Visible or invisible ions or par-
ticles of combustion are produced dur-
ing this phase, and may go undetected
over a relatively long period of time.
When the particles become visible, the
fire enters the smoldering phase. The
third phase, flame, is produced when
ignition actually occurs. The tempera-
ture increases, leading to the final heat
stage, when large volumes of heat,
flame, smoke and toxic gases are pro-
duced.?
Elements of Fire Safety
The three types of fire that are likely to
occur in a library are Class A (cellulostic
materials, such as paper and wood),
Class B (flammable liquid, oil, grease or
tar), and Class C (electrical).
Building Design
Ideally, a library will incorporate fire-pre-
vention measures during construction.
Unfortunately, this is unusual, and in
many instances even facility upgrades
are not fiscally feasible. Nonethe-
less, an effort should be made to
bring the building to the highest
state of disaster preparedness as
possible.
Building design should mini-
mize air passages between concrete
floors. This will prevent fire from
traveling between areas of the
building. Another area of concern
are concealed spaces, such as false
ceilings, which may provide a path
North Carolina Libraries
for fire to spread unnoticed.
If the wiring in a building is over
twenty years old, and/or if the wiring is
carrying a heavier load than it was de-
signed for, then the library needs a cer-
tified electrician to inspect the wiring for
safety.
Libraries should develop a good re-
lationship with their local fire depart-
ments. Invite them to tour the facility,
review the libraryTs fire procedures, in-
spect areas of concern, provide guidance,
and learn more about the building itself.
This will save time if they have to re-
spond to an emergency later, and ad-
vance notice of what fire-fighting proce-
dures will be used can help the library
staff minimize damage to materials.*
Fire Detection
It is of primary importance to have any
fire detection system connected to the
fire department to insure immediate re-
sponse. Consult with fire experts as well
as insurance carriers for their suggestions
of acceptable systems, which include
different types:
The Thermal Detector is useful in
compact and enclosed spaces with a
high concentration of stored materi-
als that are susceptible to rapid heat
build-up. The most common units
are fixed-temperature devices that
operate when the room reaches a
predetermined temperature (usually
135°-165°F/57°-74°C). These systems
are adequate for film-based media,
which are quickly damaged by rising
temperatures.
The Flame Detector senses infrared
radiation and is suitable for areas
where fires could develop quickly
due to vast space or strong air move-
ment.
The Photoelectric or smoke detec-
tor responds to visible particles of
smoke. These are recommended for
early detection of fire.
The Products-of-combustion or
ionization detector reacts to par-
ticles given off by incipient fire. This
does not require flames or heat to be
effective and is the best early stage
detection.
Fire Suppression
If suppression systems are chosen to pre-
vent fires from spreading, then the haz-
ards of the building, the collections
themselves, and the costs should all con-
tribute to the selection process. Enlisting
input from fire experts and fire insur-
ance carriers is recommended. Fire sup-
pression equipment is available for all
varieties of needs and applications. Ex-
perts can test the equipment periodically
to ensure its operability without actually
turning on the sprinklers themselves.
Portable Extinguishers
If collections are unique,
then portable extinguish-
ers should be installed in
In August 1998, a wind-fed
fire destroyed a city block of
what was part of R.J.
ReynoldsT manufacturing
complex in downtown
Winston-Salem. Built in the
early 1900s, the property
was being renovated as part
of the Piedmont Triad
Research Park. Left: The
interior wall of 256-1 on
Chestnut Sreet.
Below: #256-2 on Patterson
Ave. The dark ~spotT below
left center of the truck was
a car. Photos courtesy
Elizabeth W. Sapp.
North Carolina Libraries
Fall 2000 " 49
strategic locations throughout the build-
ing, whether or not it has an automatic
response system. Extinguishers are de-
signed to fight specific classes of fires
and can contain water, gas, or chemicals
and require staff training.
Sprinkler Systems
Fire protection experts generally agree
that automatic sprinklers represent one
of the single most significant aspects of
a fire management program.° Properly
designed, installed, and maintained,
these systems can overcome potential
deficiencies in risk management, build-
ing construction, and emergency re-
sponse. They may also enhance the flex-
ibility of building design and increase
the overall level of fire safety.°
e Wet-pipe sprinklers are the most com-
mon and least expensive system. The
pipes are filled with water at all times
and sprinkler heads are individually
activated.
e Dry-pipe sprinklers have supply pipes
filled with pressurized air or nitrogen,
rather than water. The opening of a
heat-sensitive sprinkler head releases
pressure, and water is supplied only to
that head and to any others that have
opened. This system reduces the risk
of leaking pipes or damaged sprinkler
heads triggering. The action is, how-
ever, slower than wet pipes, and more
heads may be triggered in an emer-
gency.
e A pre-action system is normally a dry-
pipe system, but with a significant im-
provement. It is a closed-head system
that usually carries only normal air
pressure in the pipes. This means that
reaction time is shortened, since
air under normal pressure is more
quickly exhausted from the pipes
as the water enters.
e A gaseous system (FM200) " sup-
presses oxygen and does not use
water. This system requires a sealed
environment and discharges for
ten seconds. There is minimum
corrosive or abrasive residue, but
the disadvantages to this system
are high installation costs, moder-
ate health hazards, and harmful
environmental effects. It is also a
sensitive detection device that is
prone to accidental discharge and
so is not intended for use in pub-
lic areas.
e The water mist system is a new
tool. These systems are for applica-
tions where very early detection is
critical, and where water sensitiv-
ity and/or limited water supplies
are concerned (libraries, computer
spaces). Primarily intended to identify
and control a developing fire during
the incipient phase prior to the onset
of visible flame, mist systems utilize a
fine water spray " essentially produc-
ing a fog, which blankets a potential
fire.T
Performance of Modern Sprinklers
Automatic sprinklers offer an important
fire protection option for most libraries.
Water damage from an activated sprin-
kler is usually easier to remedy than the
damage caused by fire, smoke, and pres-
surized water.
The correct application of sprinklers
is dependent upon careful design and
installation of high quality components
by capable engineers and contractors. A
properly selected, designed, and in-
stalled system will offer unexcelled reli-
ability.
Wind and Water-related
Disasters
Although fire may be the catastrophe
that strikes the most fear into the hearts
of archivists and libraries, violent
storms are actually a more common
cause of natural disaster. A stormTs dual
threat of wind and water increases the
likelihood of damage. Flooding may be
devastating even without wind. We can
never be completely free of the less dra-
matic, but pervasive, threats from
sources such as leaking roofs and drip-
ping pipes.
The causes of a water-based disaster
are wide-ranging. Nature takes its toll
through hurricanes, tornadoes, earth-
quakes, and floods. These types of
storms have a widespread, ruinous na-
ture, bringing disarray and destruction
to a large segment of the community.
Efforts at recovery are compromised due
to the competing demands on staff, lack
of assistance from local agencies, un-
availability of supplies, an increase in
potential vandalism, and threats to
health.
Water damage may be caused by
accidents and catastrophes such as
plumbing failures or malfunctioning
sprinkler and air conditioning systems.
Basement stack areas may fill with
ground water entering through cracks
in the building foundation, or from
ruptured water pipes. Torrential rains
find their way onto books or papers in
upper levels through leaky roofs.
Vandals may tamper with sprinkler
systems, air conditioning mechanisms,
fire mains, or plumbing facilities to re-
lease water on collections.
Finally, once humidity is high or
water has entered collection areas, the
danger of a mold disaster exists.
Protection from Water Damage
Protection from water damage is essen-
tial to the preservation of library and
archival materials. Even a minor water
accident such as a leaky pipe can cause
extensive and irreparable harm to col-
lections. Several precautions can be
taken.
Structural considerations:
Vulnerabilities to an institution can be-
gin with the building itself. Inspection
of the building and site will identify
some potential hazards.
Remember to clean gutters and
drains on a frequent basis. Inspect roof
These photos (above and next page) of property in Kure Beach, NC, illustrate the damage a
hurricaneTs wind and water can do. Photos courtesy Elizabeth W. Sapp.
90 " Fall 2000
North Carolina Libraries
coverings regularly and repair or replace
as needed. Flat roofs are especially prob-
lematic and need frequent inspections
because dirt and debris can accumulate on
them, leading to retention of water and
deterioration of the roofing material.
Avoid storage in basements or in
other areas where the threat of flooding
is possible. If collections must be stored
in areas vulnerable to flooding, install
water-sensing alarms to insure quick de-
tection.T Sump-pumps should be used
in basement areas, especially if in a
flood region. Drains below ground level
should incorporate manual cutoffs that
may be activated if flood levels threaten
to cause a backup of water into the
building.
Because mundane drips from pipes
are sources of much water-related dam-
age in libraries and archives, it is advis-
able to place drip pans under all ex-
posed pipes in the stack areas. It is im-
portant that materials never be stored
under water pipes, steam pipes, lavato-
ries, air-conditioning equipment, or
involve huge demands on funds or staff
time. These steps will reduce the risk of
damaging collections from a water di-
saster:
e Always shelve materials at least 4� off
the floor and at least 2T from the ceil-
ing (place on temporary pallets if nec-
essary). Locate shelving at least 12�
away from exterior walls to prevent
contact with condensation.
e Protective enclosures, such as boxes,
provide a barrier between an item and
hostile conditions. Do not leave pa-
pers, books, or other collection mate-
rials on tables or other unprotected
surfaces. This presents not only a se-
curity problem, but it also makes
items more susceptible to damage
from leaks.
e Store books and papers at a distance
from windows. This will reduce expo-
sure to storm and flood damage, and
minimize exposure to ultraviolet ra-
diation. If there is an approaching
weather disaster, move materials to
an interior location, an upper floor, or
other sources of moisture.
Consider a libraryTs or
archiveTs location in a otor-
nado alley� or hurricane lo-
cality. The institutionTs ad-
ministration must consider
construction of wooden
frames, protective panels, or
shutters to place over im-
pact-resistant glass win-
dows.?
Storage practice:
Any repository will be able
to take the following rec-
ommended storage precau-
tions because they do not
North Carolina Libraries
another building situated at a higher
elevation.
Environmental and housekeeping
hazards:
Within the building itself, environmen-
tal systems are of primary concern.
Maintain proper temperature levels and
relative humidity, allow appropriate cir-
culation of air, and permit only clean,
clutter-free storage areas. Ideally, tem-
perature should never go above 70°F or
relative humidity above 50%. The
higher the temperature and humidity,
the higher the risk of mold growth. If a
water-related emergency occurs, wet
materials must be treated immediately
before mold growth develops.!°
Following any severe weather pat-
tern, inspect the building for structural
damage, leaks, sprinkler breaks, or fires. Be
sure to check for water accumulation in
hidden areas, such as attics, false ceilings,
closed storage areas, and light fixtures.
Developing a Disaster Plan
The old adage oAn ounce of prevention
is worth a pound of cure� is
never more true than in
the case of library and ar-
chival disaster planning
and prevention. A written
plan is the single most im-
portant step in preparing
for disasters. First, such a
written document ac-
knowledges that disasters
are possible, and that there
is a commitment on the
part of the organization to
accept responsibility for
their amelioration in a sen-
sible and logical way. Sec-
ond, preparation of a writ-
ten plan eliminates panic,
assures proper decision-making, reduces
the damage to collections, and limits
the costs of recovery. Finally, a plan
consolidates ideas and provides step-by-
step instructions that are clear and easy
to follow.
Before any steps can be taken, com-
mitment to disaster preparedness must
be articulated. Disaster planning re-
quires administrative support for both
the staff time needed to carry out vari-
ous procedures and a pledge for funds
to implement the recommendations.
This commitment may take the form of
a written charge, to an established com-
mittee.!!
Disaster planning can be divided
into basic stages. The first stage is infor-
mation gathering. During this time, col-
lections are assessed, hazards investi-
gated, priorities set, and facts gathered.
Fall 2000 " 91
The next stage is the implementation of
the written disaster plan.
Information Gathering
Establish planning structure
e Set a timetable: Set reasonable goals
with objectives and a time frame for
completion to help keep planning on
track and provide a sense of accom-
plishment.
e Identify team: One person should be
assigned the responsibility of organiz-
ing the plan from start to finish. Once
the plan is completed, this person will
have the continuing responsibility to
update the plan, follow through on
its recommendations, and be respon-
sible for a disaster recovery effort.
In establishing a team, include
members from a broad base of library
and archival backgrounds. Dialog
among individuals from special collec-
tions, collection development, and pub-
lic services staff provides invaluable in-
put and experience.!* Some committees
have included building maintenance
personnel, security experts, and fire and
police experts. Each individual offers
unique perspectives on the collections,
users, and areas of potential concern.
Assess risk
e Building survey and inspections: Be-
fore a reliable disaster plan can be
written, it is important to understand
the potential hazards and to under-
take strong preventive and protective
measures. It is helpful to bring in out-
side experts to help determine poten-
tial hazards in a library or archives.
Set up external and internal haz-
ard surveys, design appropriate
forms! and establish proper channels
for communication. Next, conduct a
physical examination of all facilities.
Assess the results of the surveys, set
priorities for the problems revealed,
and make recommendations for rec-
tifying or alleviating potentially disas-
trous situations. The assessment pro-
cess should identify the most valuable
As part of the overall planning
effort, it is crucial to look at
collections and assess their val-
ues " fiscal, historical and
scholarly " as they relate to
the overall goals and intentions
of the organization.
materials and how they are protected,
stored, insured, and exhibited. At
some point, assessment of insurance
coverage may be appropriate.
Establish recovery priorities
e Identify the most important collec-
tions: As part of the overall planning
effort, it is crucial to look at collec-
tions and assess their values " fiscal,
historical and scholarly " as they re-
late to the overall goals and inten-
tions of the organization. It is much
easier to make these decisions in a
calm and reasoned atmosphere than
when faced with an imminent or cur-
rent disaster.
An institution may try a triage ap-
proach. Top priority materials are those
that are difficult or impossible to re-
place or replicate and that are essential
for the ongoing operations of the insti-
tution, that have prime research value,
or that have a significant monetary
value. Secondary priorities are items
that are difficult to replace or replicate
and that provide significant operational
or research resources. Last priority
would be those materials that can be
replaced, either in original or a copy
format, or that may, if necessary, be
considered expendable to the institu-
tion and its constituents. !4
Finding aids and other types of
catalogs are essential to most institu-
tions. These may be a major priority;
without them it is difficult to verify
what was damaged or destroyed by the
disaster and to re-establish proper order
subsequent to recovery.!5 A number of
institutions have records of their hold-
ings in electronic format and have the
backup copies or other types of security
copies off-site.
e Factor in composition of records: It is
essential to determine what types of
media are present in the collections.
For example, identify the bound vol-
umes with paper, cloth, or leather
bindings and whether they have
plain or coated paper. Manuscripts,
photographs, microfilm,
magnetic media and special
formats such as blueprints
could make up significant
portions of an institutionTs
holdings. Each sizable cat-
egory should be researched
and addressed with appropri-
ate recovery procedures and
an indication of conservators
who could be consulted for
advice.!¢
¢ Consider services available:
There are several companies
72 " Fall 2000
that provide disaster services as well as
sources of technical assistance. Re-
search these services thoroughly "
this is an essential part of the plan-
ning process. If possible, invite local
service providers to visit your institu-
tion to become familiar with your site
plan and collections in advance of an
emergency. Plan for backup compa-
nies to provide critical supplies and
services in case there is a community-
wide or regional disaster.!�
Contact these sources on a regular
basis to determine whether neccessary
supplies and services are still available,
and to remind them of their commit-
ment. Keep in mind that in a wide-
scale, major disaster, these sources may
not be available because they have their
own institutional damage or because
they are assisting another entity. In ad-
dition, outside help probably will not
be available immediately.
Collect response, recovery, and
rehabilitation procedures
Before a well-developed plan can be
written, time should be devoted to
some preliminary research. The ground-
work should include reviewing mono-
graphs and articles about disaster plan-
ning and recovery. Disaster plans and
manuals from similar institutions
should be examined.!® Committee
members should be encouraged to at-
tend related workshops.
It is helpful to glean from the expe-
rience of others. This will assist in plan-
ning for oneTs own institutionTs disaster
response. Select and adapt those expe-
riences that apply to oneTs organization,
while adding others that will make the
written plan practical and applicable to
oneTs specific collections.
Develop resource lists
e Local emergency agencies: Local,
state, and federal government agen-
cies are valuable sources of assistance.
Obviously, the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) pro-
vides disaster assistance programs,
but institutions may not be aware
that this can include support for re-
covery of art objects and cultural re-
sources. An October 1991 policy
change allows federal assistance to
pay for conservation of objects that
are damaged in a disaster. Conserva-
tion is defined by FEMA as othe mini-
mum steps, which are both necessary
and feasible to place the items back
on display without restoring them to
their pre-disaster condition.� FEMA
does not cover the replacement of
destroyed items.!?
North Carolina Libraries
e Staff phone tree: The telephone tree is
one of the easiest parts of the plan to
construct. All personnel who will be
expected to assist with recovery pro-
cedures should be listed with both
work and home phone numbers.
Backup staff should also be included.
Regular updates and a copy at the
homes of all key personnel will insure
the treeTs validity and availability.
Assess financial resources
When gathering information for a writ-
ten plan, include emergency funds. Ar-
range for emergency cash or credit, be-
cause it is sometimes difficult to obtain
money quickly in a disaster situation.
Knowledge of accounting procedures
and their simplification are essential
during an emergency.
Evaluate insurance policy
A basic understanding of an insti-
tutionTs insurance policy is imperative.
Learn what the insurance policy covers
and what the insurance company ex-
pects an institution to handle finan-
cially. Identify those precautions an in-
stitution must take that will reduce pre-
miums. These will be identified in the
policy, as well as the survey of the build-
ing and its contents.
Be aware of exclusions from cover-
age and have a clear understanding of
steps and procedures to be followed af-
ter a disaster. It is essential to list all the
damage and to provide complete docu-
mentation of conditions and recovery
procedures following a disaster. This
would include taking photographs or
videotapes of the cleanup.
Before a disaster, take photographs
or videos of valuable items and store
them off-site. These could be stored
with copies of the finding aids and cata-
logs. Finally, appraise the building and
its contents at least every five years.
Implementation
The disaster plan must be easy to follow.
People faced with a disaster often have
trouble thinking clearly, so concise in-
structions and prior training are critical
to the success of the plan. The key is to
write in a clear, simple style without sac-
rificing comprehensiveness. Above all,
remember that the plan cannot antici-
pate every detail, so be sure that while
it provides basic instructions, it also al-
lows for some on-the-spot creativity
and adjustments.
Upon completion, the disaster plan
should have administration approval.
Members of the in-house recovery team
should receive two copies of the plan "
one to keep at work and one to keep at
home. All staff members should read
North Carolina Libraries
and have access to the disaster plan. Si-
multaneously, order and distribute sup-
plies. Some of these supplies should be
stockpiled (various locations) in antici-
pation of the type of disaster most likely
to occur.
Training is an important compo-
nent for the success of the disaster plan,
and especially for the recovery effort if
disaster should strike. Holding one or
more training sessions to introduce staff
to the disaster plan and its use is inte-
gral to its successful application. Proper
attention to prevention and protection
hazards, as well as appropriate reaction
to emergency situations, can make sig-
nificant differences in reducing damage.
Staff training should be scheduled peri-
odically for permanent staff, and in-
cluded as one aspect of the education
package or orientation for new staff in
a library or archives.
Ongoing Maintenance
No matter how much energy has been
put into producing an effective disaster
plan, it will be useless if the staff is not
aware of it, if it is outdated, or if it can-
not be found during a disaster. A con-
certed effort must be made to educate
and train staff in emergency procedures.
Each staff member should be made
aware of his or her responsibilities, and
regular drills should be conducted if
possible. Several copies of the plan
should be kept in various locations, in-
cluding off-site, ideally in waterproof
containers.
Most importantly, the disaster plan
must be reviewed and updated on a pe-
riodic basis, and after a disaster has oc-
curred. Names, addresses, phone num-
bers, and personnel change constantly.
Vendors and suppliers may also change
and will need to be verified on an occa-
sional basis. New collections are ac-
quired, building modifications are
made, and new equipment is installed.
If a plan is not kept completely up to
date, it may not be able to assist the in-
stitution in effectively responding to a
disaster.2°
Conclusion
Disaster can happen anytime and any-
where, but if a library is prepared, per-
manent damage can be decreased.
There is no one perfect disaster plan or
one correct way of being prepared.
Since an institution and its staff are not
likely to make the most informed deci-
sions during a disaster, sensible,
thoughtful planning and realistic pre-
paredness will provide the best protec-
tion for collections. A disaster plan must
be considered a living document " al-
ways changing. An effective disaster
plan will assure that historical collec-
tions in our institutions are protected
for the present and the future.
References
! Miriam Kahn, oMastering Disaster:
Emergency Planning for Libraries,� Li-
brary Journal (December 1993): 73.
2 Mildred OTConnell, oDisaster Plan-
ning: Writing & Implementing Plans for
Collections-Holdings Institutions,� Tech-
nology & Conservation (Summer 1983): 18.
3 Judith Fortson, Disaster Planning and
Recovery (New York: Neal-Schuman,
ISOs
MBWElgy 8.
5 Nick Artim, oAn Introduction to Fire
Detection, Alarm, and Automatic Fire
Sprinkles,� Emergency Management Tech-
nical Leaflet (1999): 1.
6 Tbid.
7Nick Artim, oAn Update on
Micromist Fire Extinguishment System,�
WAAC Newsletter (September 1995): 14.
8 Sherelyn Ogden, oProtection from
Loss: Water and Fire Damage, Biological
Agents, Theft and Vandalism,� Emer-
gency Management Technical Leaflet
(QO 9) as
° After the Flood: Rehabilitating Historic
Resources (Atlanta, GA: Georgia Depart-
ment of Natural Resources, 1997), 36.
10 Ogden, 2.
11 Forston, 77.
12 Lisa Fox, oManagement Strategies
for Disaster Preparedness,� The ALA Year-
book of Library and Information Services
(Chicago, IL: American Library Associa-
tion, 1989), 3.
13 SOLINET has a good disaster protec-
tion and prevention checklist available
via the Web at http://www.solinet.net/
presvtn/leaf/prevlist.htm.
14 Fortson, 82.
1S Ibid.
16 Tbid., 81.
17 Beth Lindblom Patkus, oDisaster
Planning,� Emergency Management Tech-
nical Leaflet (1999): 3.
18 Some examples of disaster plans can
be located on the Internet. Here are some
suggested sites: http://palimpsest.
stanford.edu/bytopic/disasters/primer/
sidisast.html (Smithsonian Institution);
http://lcweb.loc.gov/preserv/seibert/
begin.html (Library of Congress); http:/
/palimpsest.stanford.edu/bytopic/disas-
ters/misc/vitalrec/ (NARA); and various
University disaster plans can be found at
http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/bytopic/
disasters/plans/
19 Patkus, 4.
2IbIgE..
Fall 2000 " 97
Knee Deep in North Carolina:
A Disaster Planning Manual
n the fall of 1999, Hurricane
Floyd struck North Carolina with
a vengeance. A drive through the
damaged area two months after this
life-altering event left this author
speechless, and with so much sad-
ness evident in the eyes of the disas-
ter victims, I was unable to take photos
of the destroyed homes and floating cas-
kets. North Carolina libraries were not
immune from this destruction. Accord-
ing to the State Library of North Caro-
lina Web site, extensive flooding caused
collection damages in excess of $640,000
to the Albemarle Regional Library in
Windsor. Twelve other libraries in the
eastern part of the state sustained some
degree of damage while several school
media centers were completely de-
stroyed. After being submerged in six
feet of muddy, sewage-infested water for
more than two weeks, none of Pattillo
Elementary SchoolTs library collection
was considered salvageable. Mold and
mildew even attacked materials that
were stored above flood level.
Angie Egerton, the Pattillo Elemen-
tary School media specialist, laments
that even though the building was coy-
ered by insurance, few of the contents
were insured. This is a common prob-
lem. In order to receive assistance from
FEMA, she was required to submit a writ-
ten inventory of all materials in the col-
lection. Luckily, Angie had performed a
backup of her catalog before the floods
struck the area. With public donations
and government assistance, the school
and library are slowly rebuilding in a
new location, but without proper plan-
ning, the situation could have resulted
in a total loss with no means of recovery.
In eastern North Carolina, it is too late
74 " Fall 2000
by Ron Haislip
to save many materials of historical sig-
nificance, but with adequate insurance,
a disaster plan and procedures manual,
and knowledge of drying methods, per-
haps other libraries can prevent or at
least minimize the effects of such disas-
ters.
The Disaster Plan
The reduction of stress and confusion in
the event of a catastrophe will be the re-
sult of a well-designed disaster plan. Tai-
lored to the needs of each institution, a
plan should include most of the follow-
ing components:
Introduction:
Included in the introduction should be
directives as to how often a plan should
be revised, as well as the last revision
date. Because specific individuals may
change positions within a library, re-
sponsibilities should be arranged by job
position. In the disaster plan of the Bal-
timore Academic Library Consortium,
the introduction details why the plan
was created and also provides a basic
summary of sources found within the
plan.
Emergency Information Sheet:
This sheet should contain phone num-
bers for police, emergency units, and all
appropriate library staff. Brief step-by-
step instructions of emergency actions
should be listed in the plan booklet and
posted on a wall near a phone in every
department. A list designating the order
in which persons should be called in the
event of an emergency will help alleviate
confusion in an already chaotic situa-
tion.
Collection Priorities
A map of the library with an outline of
the order in which materials will be sal-
vaged will help the fire department and
fellow staff members direct immediate
attention to those areas of the library
which hold the most critical collections.
Coated papers and easily replaceable
materials should take lowest priority
while rare items and those with histori-
cal importance should be at the top of
the list.?
Prevention Strategy
Procedures, time schedules, and names
of individuals responsible for the testing
and inspections of fire alarms and water
detection systems must appear in the
plan. A checklist should be provided in
the appendix. It is possible for these
water detection systems to transmit sig-
nals to a central location that would
then contact library administrators.
SOLINETTs (Southeastern Library Net-
work, Inc.) Web page www.solinet.net
also recommends a checklist of proce-
dures to be followed when weather fore-
casters give advance warning of an
emergency situation such as a hurricane
or flood.
Recovery Procedures
Current salvage procedures should be
included in full detail in the appendices
to the plan. Library staff should be rou-
tinely trained in all methods of recovery.
Salvage procedures are listed in a sepa-
rate section of this paper.
Resources
A checklist of materials to be used in the
recovery effort and their corresponding
locations should be kept current. A list
of the suppliers of these items, locations
of freeze storage facilities, and emer-
gency equipment suppliers must be up-
dated a minimum of twice a year. A
North Carolina Libraries
comprehensive checklist can be found at
the SOLINET Web site.
Disaster Procedures
Step 1: Safety First
Before entering the building, verify
that no live electrical lines are sending
currents through the floodwaters. Do
not enter the building if it is structur-
ally unsafe or if there is a possibility of
electrocution.
Step 2: Circulate Cool Air
After power has been restored and per-
mission granted to enter the building,
turn off all heat sources and turn on
functioning air conditioners.
Open doors and windows and use
fans and dehumidifiers in order to
circulate as much fresh air as pos-
sible.
Step 3: Do Not Handle the Dam-
aged Materials
It is important to keep staff and
volunteers from disturbing materi-
als until the disaster team is able to
provide direction by discussing a
plan of action with all members of
the crew. Reducing the cost of fu-
ture restoration must be one of the
top priorities of the salvage opera-
tion. Handling the materials im-
properly can cause more extensive
damage than the initial flood.
Step 4: Assemble the Disaster Team
This team should consist of the ad-
ministrator in charge of the build-
ing facilities, staff members, a cata-
loger to track materials, a profes-
sional conservator, and a power
North Carolina Libraries
company representative.
Step 5: Salvage the Catalog and
Other Records of the Collection
If a library still uses a card-based
catalog system, then those cards
must be given the highest priority of
removal. Knowing what is in a col-
lection is essential for damage esti-
mates and insurance reimbursement.
Volunteers should be arranged in an
assembly line, and materials should
be packed in crates, numbered, and
then passed down the line to safety.
Materials should be packed as found,
and no attempts should be made to
close books.
Step 6: Freeze Materials
In most instances, it is best to freeze
wet items until they can be dried
through one of the drying methods.
This prevents mold from developing
or spreading in the materials. In the
case that access to the library has been
forbidden for several days, it would be
of great benefit to hire professionals to
administer fungicidal fogging to the
collection.
Step 7: Dry the Materials
This step can be accomplished
through five techniques: vacuum
freeze-drying, thermal vacuum drying,
air-drying, dehumidification, and
freezer drying.
(The majority of this section was
adapted from Peter WatersT Salvage of
Water-Damaged Library Materials.*)
Methods for Drying Wet Books
and Documents
Vacuum Freeze-Drying
This process is the most successful and
least expensive method of drying large
amounts of wet books and documents.
Freeze-drying materials that have been
frozen and stored at "20°F allows the ice
crystals to change from a solid into a
vapor state, pass though a condenser,
and convert back to a solid state. Because
the process tends to bring dirt to the
surface, books are easier to clean and
most will not have to be rebound. As a
result of the liquid state of water being
bypassed, materials regain their pre-
damage condition with little or no dis-
tortion depending on the
amount of swelling that
had taken place before
freezing.*
In 1968, in a fire at the
Gothab, Greenland, Re-
gional Library, books were
instantly frozen when
drenched by water from
fire hoses. The frozen
books were then trans-
ferred to Denmark for res-
toration of documents
that were too unstable for
air-drying. This was the
first use of vacuum freeze-
drying and it was so suc-
Damage to the Pattillo
Elementary School library
was extensive. Note the
height of the water line
(top photo). Photos courtesy
Angie Egerton.
Fall 2000 " 99
cessful that oeven handwritten
ink inscriptions did not run.�®
Since 1968, the vacuum freeze-
drying method has been used in
multiple instances including the
Stanford Meyer Library water di-
saster in 1978, and the Klein Law
Library of Temple University fire
in 1972.
Thermal Vacuum Drying
Best used for newspapers and
loose documents, this method of
drying water-damaged materials
does not require that they be fro-
zen prior to treatment. The pro-
cess involves drawing water mol-
Or all... whate
a oa it takes!
Displaced students bravely face adversity. Photo
courtesy Angie Egerton.
ecules from documents placed in
a vacuum chamber. Warm, dry air above
32°F is pumped into the chamber to
complete the drying. Because water is in
a liquid state before it vaporizes, some
cockling, binding distortions, and stain-
ing will probably occur, therefore requir-
ing rebinding of bound volumes. Older
rare books and manuscripts must be
dried separately from acidic materials be-
cause if mixed together, materials with
high acidity will contaminate those with
low acidity. This method should not be
used with coated paper because the
pages will block together permanently
when dried.®
Storing mostly loose documents
and not bound volumes of books, the
Military Personnel Records Center in
Overland, Missouri benefited greatly
Pavey Dae arene SERS Meee On ie ir
DEW (aKrele
Titles, Inc.
Supplying Libraries with
Books and Other Media
for Children & Adults
from thermal vacuum drying in 1973
when it experienced a disastrous fire.
While still wet, the documents went di-
rectly to vacuum chambers at a
McDonnell Douglas facility and a NASA
installation. Records that ohad been wet
for four months and had become
moldy� were successfully dried.T
Air-Drying
Air-drying of paper items is most practi-
cal for collections that have sustained
minimal water damage. This process is
ideal for drying leather bound volumes
because greater observation of the dry-
ing leather is required in order to mini-
mize warping and shrinkage. Air-drying
can cause more harm than good because
the longer drying time allows mold
growth to appear, inks to run, and
Davidson Titles, Inc.Ts exclusive products and various
publishers are presented to schools and libraries by sales
people throughout most of the United States. Most of our
sales personnel have professional and efficient access to
all of our titles and prices through laptop computers; they
can provide fast and convenient ordering.
* Distributor for over 100 publishers.
¢ Publisher of 4 creative and exciting childrenTs series:
The Illustrated Rules of the Game
The Dinosaur Dynasty
Extremely Weird
World Guides
¢ Customized ordering & processing.
Davidson Titles, Inc.
101 Executive Drive *« P.O. Box 3538 ¢ Jackson, TN 38303-3538
(800) 433-3903 * Fax: (800) 787-7935 * Email: dtitles@usit.net
76 " Fall 2000
coated paper to block. Materials will
benefit most if first frozen because freez-
ing stops mold growth and stabilizes the
items until library staff can begin the
tedious and time-consuming process of
air-drying.®
Dehumidification
In this process, industrial dehumidifiers
are brought into the library facility. This
saves packing and removal time because
all materials are left on the shelves. The
Baltimore Academic Libraries Consortium
Disaster Preparedness Plan disaster.lib.
msu.edu states that in order for dehu-
midification to be successful, it must be
oinitiated before swelling and adhesion
has taken place.�
Freezer Drying
If left long enough, damp materials can
be successfully dried in a self-defrosting
blast freezer. This should not be used for
coated papers. If temperatures are not
maintained below -10°F, distortions may
occur.
Conclusion
Now is the time to consider a plan of
action, not after a disaster happens. Be-
ing prepared can mean the difference
between saving an entire collection or
facing its loss. If used properly and kept
current, a disaster plan and an accompa-
nying set of specific procedures will al-
leviate stress, shorten response time, and
provide for a successful recovery opera-
tion. Remember Pattillo.
References
! Hilda Bohem, Disaster Prevention
and Disaster Preparedness. Berkeley: Uni-
versity of California Task Group on the
Preservation of Library Materials, 1978),
6.
2 John N. DePew, A Library, Media,
and Archival Preservation Handbook. Den-
ver: ABC-CLIO, 1991), 262.
3 Peter Waters, Procedures for Salvage
of Water-Damaged Library Materials.
(Washington, DC: Library of Congress,
ISS).
4 DePew, 281.
5 John Morris, The Library Disaster
Preparedness Handbook.. (Chicago: Ameti-
can Library Association, 1986), 59.
6 DePew, 280.
7 Morris, 60.
8 Judith Fortson, Disaster Planning
and Recovery. (New York: Neal-Schuman
Publishers, 1992), 58-59.
Special Acknowledgment:
To Dr. Beatrice Kovacs, Assistant Professor, UNC-
Greensboro, Department of Library and
Information Studies, for her support and
encouragement in the preparation of this article.
North Carolina Libraries
After Floyd:
Reaching Out to Help Flood Victims
Recover Precious Possessions
taff members at East Carolina
UniversityTs (ECU) Joyner Li-
brary became rescuers following
Hurricane Floyd. They reached
out to help people in eastern
North Carolina save precious
possessions that had become vic-
timsof vicious floodwaters. Joyner Li-
brary staff logged hundreds of hours of
community service after the flooding.
Many of those hours were in the library
where Preservation and Conservation
Department staff worked frantically to
process wet materials before the onset
of mold. Many months after the flood,
people were still bringing water-damaged
materials to the library to see if Preser-
vation and Conservation staff could dry,
clean, or return them to a usable state.
The first recovery jobs were successful;
however, many more flood-damaged
books must be dried. It will be years be-
fore the recovery process is complete.
For more than ten years library. staff
had participated in training sessions
such as the Southeastern Library
NetworkTs (SOLINET) Disaster Prepared-
ness & Recovery Workshop. In addition,
a leak in the North Carolina LibrarianTs
office and a flood in the server room
during building construction gave the
Disaster Committee practice in recover-
ing wet materials. Training workshops
gave a general understanding of salvage
operations that helped in planning re-
covery procedures, while on-the-job
practice helped in refining techniques.
Joyner Library was not flooded by Hur-
ricane Floyd, so staff members became
North Carolina Libraries
BES ee ee eee
by Elizabeth H. Smith
an active recovery team to assist citizens
and institutions.
The Storm
Even before Hurricane Dennis made a
return visit to eastern North Carolina
in September 1999, Hurricane
Floyd was being described as
a monster storm. Six inches of
rain had already fallen during
the week that Dennis sim-
mered off the coast of North
Carolina. When it was pre-
dicted that Floyd would make
a direct hit on Greenville,
Joyner LibraryTs Disaster Com-
mittee began planning for yet
another hurricane. We pulled
out the hurricane prepared-
ness memos, last used when
laliunam(eauare © lsxoyaimieT "lob ie
Greenville in 1998, and made
adjustments as needed. (See
Inset 1.) Library staff were re-
minded to turn off and un-
plug computers and other
electrical equipment before
leaving work prior to the
storm. Since there are so
many windows in the new
building, staff members were
encouraged to move materi-
als away from the window
areas.
There was growing con-
cern as the storm neared
Greenville. East Carolina Uni-
versity classes were canceled
and the governor encouraged
state employees to leave work in order
to secure their homes. Hurricane Floyd
arrived as predicted dumping 15" of rain
in 24 hours. The wind did not seem so
fierce, but the rain was incredible as it
rc
Inset 1
From:
blew horizontally for many hours.
Now that we are anticipating the appearance of Hurricane
Floyd, we would like to review the in-house instructions for
preparing computer and electronic equipment.
WHAT TO DO BEFORE YOU LEAVE FOR THE DAY
1) Shut down and power off all computers and printers in
your department. Unplug surge protectors. Do NOT un
plug data connections from drops.
Building Manager
Head of Systems Department
To: Library Staff
Subject: Hurricane Preparedness
Date: September 15, 1999 8:36 AM
2) Unplug the power connector on your phone. On the
bottom of your phone is an RCA mini plug (one prong,
looks like what is on your walkman earphones).
3) Unplug anything else, like copiers, coffeepots, micro-
waves, or typewriters. Do NOT unplug refrigerators.
4) Close all window blinds in the UP position.
Any questions - let us know.
From: Disaster Committee Chair
To: Library Staff
Subject: Hurricane
Date: December 15, 1999 9:00 AM
Please take time to review the oNatural Disasters� page in
the Staff Emergency Procedures in preparation for the hur-
ricane conditions that are coming our way. Disaster Com-
mittee members should make certain they have a copy of
the Call Tree (p. 1 of the Procedures) at home.
Since we do not know if new leaks will appear with this
storm, please remove all materials from window areas.
Fall 2000 " 97
As with other hurricanes, the sun
shone brightly the day after the storm,
and people in many sections of
Greenville were picking up debris and
even cutting their lawns. However, in
some areas the days following Floyd were
quite different because of rising water
from rivers, creeks, and streams.
Greenville was placed under a curfew as
water invaded homes and businesses so
quickly that many people were forced to
evacuate with nothing but the clothes
they were wearing. Some people were
even rescued from rooftops and trees.
Greenville became an island as water
covered the airport and part of every
road leading to and from the city. ECU
was closed for two weeks while the cam-
pus dried out, and as people helped their
flooded friends and neighbors assess
property damage and adjust to their
losses.
Know how to contact staff in case of
an emergency
After Hurricane Floyd, we realized how
little we knew about our co-workers; de-
partment heads did not know how to
contact some staff members at home.
The telephone lists in the library disas-
ter plan included only department heads
and disaster committee members. It was
not until ECU employees returned to
work twelve days after the storm that we
learned how many had lost their homes
or sustained flood damage. It took sev-
eral more weeks to determine how many
ECU students had suffered losses.
Faculty and staff convocations were
held the second day back at work. ECU
administrators reviewed the damage to
campus, suggested ways to assist those
who had suffered flood losses, and an-
nounced the formation of the ECU
Outreach Network (ECU-ON) to assist
flood victims throughout eastern North
Carolina.
Greenville Utilities
employees worked
around-the-clock to
prevent rising
floodwaters from
shorting out
transmission lines at
GreenvilleTs single point
of delivery for electric
power. Photo courtesy
Gary Weathersbee.
78 " Fall 2000
ECU-ON actually reinforced some of
the work that had been done through
the Preservation and Conservation De-
partment of Joyner Library. Public pres-
ervation education programs had been
held in several locations, and the depart-
ment had served as a regional center for
preservation and conservation assis-
tance. Two grants from the Department
of Cultural Resources had supported a
Preservation of Family Documents
Workshop Series, which reached people
throughout eastern North Carolina.
Through those outreach programs, many
people learned that there might be some
hope for water-damaged materials.
While the university was closed, people
began calling to find out if Preservation
and Conservation staff could assist with
flood-damaged materials.
Volunteers are readers
I went to Joyner Library several times
during the flood to monitor the tempera-
ture and humidity inside the building,
to check the operation of the Wei ~To
Book Freezer/Dryer, and to pick up book
sale items to be donated to the Red Cross.
After completing Red Cross Shelter Op-
erations training just three weeks before
the flood, I had arranged for some book
sale items to be donated. Ironically, the
first donations had been delivered to my
office the day before the storm.
[had learned while working at a Red
Cross shelter, however, that books and
Bibles will come to the shelter along with
donations of toys, clothing, and food. I
had also worked with Red Cross volun-
teers at my church where a denomina-
tional mass feeding operation prepared
more than 170,000 meals following the
flood. The Red Cross volunteers, who
had been sent to Greenville from as far
away as Hawaii, had some free time
while waiting to deliver meals to flood
victims. Many of them had finished
reading every book they had brought
with them. So, on one of my trips to the
library, I picked up the box of books in-
tended for disaster victims and donated
them to the volunteers. I also gathered
information about the genealogical
sources in the North Carolina Collection
of Joyner Library for one volunteer from
Mississippi who was hoping to find time
to research family from eastern North
Carolina.
Monitor closed buildings
Of most concern to me during the time
that the library was closed was the tem-
perature and humidity in the building.
It had been less than two years since
mold was discovered in a remote stor-
age facility. Those books had been
cleaned and returned to Joyner Library
where normal environmental conditions
of 68°- 70°F and 40% - 43% RH (rela-
tive humidity) should prevent another
mold outbreak. Air continued to circu-
late in the building, but the temperature
remained at 78°F. I learned later that low
water pressure due to a problem with
the pumping facility near the river, had
forced ECU to turn off the library chill-
ers. The library was fortunate to have
even warm moving air, however, because
the circulation prevented mold from
forming. Some libraries in the area did
have mold outbreaks after the storm be-
cause their climate control systems were
turned off while the facilities were
closed.
Greenville Utilities employees
worked around-the-clock to prevent
floodwaters from shorting out transmis-
sion lines at GreenvilleTs single point of
delivery for electric power. When flood-
waters rose within inches of the main
insulators, power was turned off for 24
hours. It was not a great concern that
the library lost power for this period be-
cause the book dryer was operating only
North Carolina Libraries
in an experimental cycle. During the
August school break, I had wet some dis-
carded books and started them on a trial
recovery cycle as a refresher course in
operating the equipment.
Be prepared to answer many
questions
Spending almost two weeks away from
the library during this major disaster was
not a restful time for anyone. Since the
university was closed, and the few stu-
dents remaining in a dormitory had to
be evacuated when the power was turned
off, Greenville was almost like a ghost
town. It was easy to tell where water had
invaded because there were dirty water
stains on buildings; trash was piled in
yards; and windows and doors were open
on days when air conditioning was
needed.
I returned to work to find many e-
mail and voice-mail messages inquiring
about the library. The library building
had escaped with only some familiar
leaks and the loss of some books that
were checked out to flood victims. How-
ever, other buildings and equipment on
campus had sustained millions of dol-
lars in damage from floodwater.
The most pressing call for help came
from someone whose father had a
20,000-volume home library that had
sustained water damage. It was not flood-
water because he lived on a hill; how-
ever, even an engineer could not explain
how the water had invaded the home.
The moisture had caused a severe mold
problem in the book collection that con-
taminated the air throughout the house.
The homeowners had made the environ-
ment even more conducive to mold by
turning off the air conditioner.
The mold was so severe that I rec-
ommended contacting Munters Mois-
ture Control Services,! the company that
had assisted in the libraryTs mold abate-
ment project. A Munters representative,
who was already in the area, arrived at
the house within 30 minutes after the
call. The moisture control company pro-
vided a dehumidifier to control mold
growth.
The return trip to Greenville made
it clear that there was still flooding nearly
two weeks after the hurricane. We were
forced to take unmarked detours because
water was rushing across the road we had
traveled earlier in the day. We were glad
to get back to work that day!
Another call for help that was be-
yond our service capacity was from a
business with 40 file cabinets of wet busi-
ness records. Likewise, I referred them
to Munters and also advised discarding
North Carolina Libraries
all nonessential records. I learned from
the Munters representative that critical
items such as payroll records could be
shipped for priority processing and
would be returned within 10 days.
A photograph of the book dryer that
appeared on the ECU Web site http://
www.ecu.edu and references to the
Preservation and Conservation Depart-
ment in local and state newspaper ar-
ticles prompted additional calls for as-
sistance. A faculty member called to in-
quire about an article in her local paper
that recommended sprinkling corn-
starch or talcum powder in wet books to
absorb the moisture. I vetoed that sug-
gestion because a local school library had
asked for help after baking soda had been
sprinkled in books to absorb odor. The
mess in those books convinced me that
sealing musty materials in a container
with activated charcoal? is much neater
and does a better job of eliminating
odors.
At the time of the flood, we were
near the end of a successful project to
eliminate odor from the paper enclosures
of CDs that were a gift to the Music Li-
brary. We had removed the program
notes from the plastic cases and stacked
them loosely in a plastic storage con-
tainer with activated charcoal cartridges.
After one month no odor could be de-
tected and the papers and CDs were
placed in new plastic cases.
In addition to the calls for help, we
heard from people who just wanted to
know if they were doing the right thing
with their books, papers, photographs,
slides, microfilm, and other wet posses-
sions. One person called for advice on
air drying his slightly damp paperback
book collection. He had already set up
boards across sawhorses in his garage and
placed the books flat on the boards. A
ceiling fan would maintain air circula-
tion to speed the drying process and to
prevent mold that would most certainly
grow in stagnant air. He was doing all of
the right things to dry his collection, so
the only advice I gave him was to turn
the books over occasionally to keep the
covers from curling.
The person with the 20,000-volume
home library continued to have ques-
tions for several days after our site visit.
The books that had been on the lower
shelves of the library (just four inches
from the floor) were so mold-ridden that
it was not feasible to consider salvage.
Since he had insurance to cover the loss,
I suggested that he remove the title pages
and seal the moldy books in trash bags
for discarding. Removing the damaged
volumes stopped the spread of mold to
other books in the collection and made
the remainder of the house safer for the
family. When wet, mold-damaged books
are not valuable enough to undertake a
recovery project, the best solution is to
discard those books and concentrate ef-
forts on saving less damaged materials.
It was difficult to see someone
struggle to deal with the loss of part of
Preservation and Conservation staff (Gloria Bradshaw, Linda Daniels, and Elizabeth Smith)
prepare flood-damaged materials to be placed in the freezer/dryer. Library staff member
Lorre Bullock, who brought a family Bible to be dried, watches the recovery process. Photo
courtesy Leanne Smith.
Fall 2000 " 99
his library, collected over 60 years. The
collection might not have been worth a
tremendous sum, but there was value in
some of the complete collections of au-
thorsT works. Our work with this family
included educating them about the dan-
gers of being exposed to active mold,
telling them about ways to dry the un-
damaged portion of the book collection
with dehumidifiers and the central sys-
tem in the house, and suggesting ways
to document ownership by taking pho-
tographs and retaining the title pages of
discarded wet books.
Church record books receive special
treatment
Another call for assistance came from
some members of the Friends of Joyner
Library at ECU who had attended our
preservation outreach programs. While
ECU was closed, they had called other
libraries requesting help with some
flood-damaged church record books dat-
ing from 1840. They had received excel-
lent advice to wrap the books individu-
ally in freezer paper and place them in a
freezer. This prevented mold from grow-
ing on the books and kept them in a
stable condition until recovery efforts
could begin. After the library opened,
they brought the books to Greenville in
the trunks of their cars.
When they arrived at the library, the
books had thawed enough for the freezer
paper to be removed without damaging
the bindings. Every edge of the paper
had been sealed with tape. The care that
had been taken to wrap the books
showed how much the church members
ste
Elizabeth Smith places a Bible in the freezer/dryer. Photo courtesy Cliff Hollis, ECU News Bureau.
valued their record books. Since the
books were frozen solid, it was not pos-
sible to examine the pages; however, the
nature of the contents mandated that we
concentrate on saving the contents first
and the bindings second. All Preserva-
tion and Conservation staff members
were recruited to process the books for
the freezer/dryer.
Since the books were already frozen,
the drying process could begin immedi-
ately. After the books had been drying
for one month, we were able to open
some of them enough to see that most
of the writing was still legible. Only those
entries that had been made in washable
ink had faded. Two dry books were re-
moved after five months, one was re-
moved after six months, and a fourth
book was removed after eight months.
Some of the bindings survived very well
in the freezer while others will have to
be replaced.
The Freezer/Dryer dries books slowly
The temperature in different parts of the
freezer/dryer normally ranges from "S6°F
to 30°F with an average temperature of
27°F in the freezer compartment. Once
a month we remove the books to check
how much they have dried. As books dry,
they can be opened and sheets of
Reemay? can be inserted between some
of the pages to speed the drying process.
This material can also be used to sup-
port wet paper. By placing a sheet of
Reemay on a stack of wet papers, one
can pick up a page and turn it over onto
the sheet. The material will support the
wet page and also allow air to circulate
60 " Fall 2000
under the paper for faster drying. A sec-
ond sheet of Reemay and a light weight,
such as a sheet of heavy paper or pam-
phlet binder board, can be placed on top
of the Reemay/paper layers. Paper can
also be pressed after drying or it can be
photocopied if only the information is
to be saved.
The third monthly inspection of the
books was held just before the two-week
Christmas break. To our alarm, two of
the books had spots of mold on their
front covers. How could mold have
formed in below-freezing temperatures
with two compartment fans running on
high? Since only two of the books had
mold, we concluded that it must have
formed on those books before they were
frozen. It was only after the bindings had
begun to dry that the inactive mold be-
came visible. Since we were scheduled
to be away from the library for two
weeks, the books were returned to the
freezer to guard against mold growth.
A fire outside the building can affect
materials inside the library.
Just before the next scheduled check on
the books in January, a faulty switch
caused an outside transformer to burn
and the library lost power for nearly 24
hours. The building was evacuated and
remained closed until the next day. Af-
ter returning to work, we checked the
books in the freezer. To our horror, the
books on the top shelf that could be
opened before Christmas were frozen
shut! What had happened? We con-
cluded that during the power outage the
books had gone through a meltdown
and the nearly dry books had absorbed
moisture from inside the freezer.
A check of the freezer showed the
temperature of the air coming from the
evaporator to be "59°F, the coldest ever
recorded for the unit. All of the readings
were too cold for book drying and the
average temperature in the compartment
was 15°F, not the 27°F normal reading.
The optimal compartment temperature
for drying is a few degrees below freez-
ing. Initially, we had thought that a
power surge during the transformer fire
might have caused the temperature con-
trollers to lose their settings, so the
freezer was turned off and restarted in
the proper sequence. When the readings
did not return to their normal levels, the
temperature controller was reset from
-40°F to 20°F. This setting should have
kept the compartment temperature
above 20°F, but the readings remained
near 15°F. We theorized that the fire had
damaged the temperature controllers,
and called for service.
North Carolina Libraries
Meanwhile, the compartment tem-
perature needed to be close to 27°F so
that drying could continue until the ser-
vice technician came. The only solution
was to experiment with the fan speeds,
lights, and door frame heater control to
see if a compartment temperature near
27°F could be achieved. To our surprise,
it was possible. The speeds of the front
and back compartment fans were ad-
justed from medium to low, the fluores-
cent compartment light was turned on,
and the doorframe heater control was
adjusted from 40° to 50° to provide more
heat. This combination resulted in a
compartment temperature of 26°F allow-
ing drying to resume.
Freeze or refrigerate water-damaged
materials to prevent mold growth
Another call for assistance came from a
family that was storing several family
collections when a dam broke and sent
floodwaters into the lower level of their
home. These collections of 60 years in-
cluded postage stamps, stamped enve-
lopes, coins, and currency. Members of
the family had some preservation knowl-
edge and had placed the collections in a
freezer to prevent mold growth. They
arrived at the library with several cool-
ers filled with coins and currency in plas-
tic and paper boxes, stacks of drawers
filled with postage stamps, and boxes
filled with stamped envelopes.
The paper boxes and enclosure pa-
pers were ruined, but all of the plastic
boxes could be opened enough to allow
air circulation for drying. Since there
were so many stamps and coins, we kept
them in the departmental refrigerator
until staff members could separate them
for drying. We layered the currency be-
tween sheets of Reemay to be dried flat.
What seemed like a million postage
stamps had to be handled individually.
Using small spatulas, we separated the
stamps and laid single layers on large
sheets of Reemay. These sheets were lay-
ered in oversize bakery pans that had
been purchased several years earlier for
just such a drying project. This arrange-
ment for drying also kept similar stamps
together, as the family had cataloged
them.
We did not have enough space or
drying supplies to process everything at
the same time. Stacks of stamps and en-
velopes dried overnight and were then
layered in boxes between sheets of pa-
per. All stamps of the same kind were
placed together to make sorting much
easier. Prior to the flood, the family had
planned to sell the marketable collec-
tions and donate the proceeds to the li-
North Carolina Libraries
brary. Organizing the collections helped
in determining if the materials still had
some value.
Approximately two months after the
flood, all of the stamps, envelopes, and
coins were returned to the owners. The
family had done a good job as ofirst re-
sponders� in preventing damaging
mold. Since they had placed the collec-
tions in the freezer and had separated
many items with paper towels, we were
able to dry all of the collections rather
than having to discard them.
Ask the owner of water-damaged
materials to make decisions about
discarding
At least one ECU faculty member had
time to plan ahead because her flood-
damaged materials were in storage near
the airport. It took two weeks for flood-
waters to recede enough for her to get
to her storage unit. After ECU opened,
she called to inquire if we could help
whenever she was able to remove her
wet materials from storage.
The first load included books, a
high school diploma, yearbooks, and art
prints. We worked hurriedly to rinse the
materials and get them in the freezer or
spread them flat for air-drying before
mold began to grow. The smell of the
brown slime that covered every surface
was overpowering. We wore masks,
gloves, and goggles and kept several fans
running to help dissipate the odor. Lysol
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Fall 2000 " 61
sprayed behind the fans carried a de-
odorizing aroma through the air and
made the work area a little more toler-
able. This collection was difficult to pro-
cess because library staff felt some of the
books should have been discarded.
When the faculty member called
about bringing a second load, we asked
that she plan to stay at the library for a
while to help determine if any of the
books could be discarded. This was an
excellent idea. The owner washed the
books under running water and decided
to discard more than half of them be-
cause they were popular titles that could
be replaced. Her decision to discard
made the salvage process more manage-
able. We had learned with trial runs that
wet books dry much faster with the cov-
ers removed. Since the owner was there
to help make decisions, we were able to
remove some covers and air dry the
cloth. Cover boards would be replaced
after the texts have dried.
Some photographs can be salvaged
after being in water for several weeks
The salvage rate of photographs in one
collection was good because they were
brought to us very soon after they had
been removed from the floodwaters. Al-
most all of the photos dried well and
all of the mementos were saved. Even a
file of legal papers was separated to air
dry. Once again, washable ink
caused damage in this collec-
tion. A birth announcement
written in washable ink faded
onto a baby picture; however,
we scanned the photo and re-
moved the ink stain images.
We were not as successful,
however, in recovering some
family photo albums that had
remained at a flooded retire-
ment home for several weeks.
Residents had been evacuated to an-
other town and could not remove their
possessions for several weeks after the
floodwaters receded. Very few of the
color photos could be saved. In many
of the photos, the color had run or the
emulsion lifted from the paper when the
plastic page cover was moved. Other
color photos had a crackled glaze fin-
ish; however, the floodwaters did not
damage many of the older black and
white photos. We removed them from
the album, rinsed them under running
water, and laid them out to dry. As they
dried, some of the photos curled, but
they were later pressed between layers
of Reemay.
It was more difficult to remove pho-
tos from magnetic albums; however, the
62 " Fall 2000
colors survived better than in the pocket
style pages. The magnetic pages were
sealed around the edges and kept water
from penetrating the emulsion, while
pockets held water and caused the emul-
sion to run from the photographs.
Coated pages can be salvaged if they
are frozen within a few hours
All materials, except the books, have
been dried and returned to the faculty
member whose storage unit was
flooded. We expect the books to dry
successfully because they were pressed
and frozen within hours after being re-
moved from the floodwater. Since we
could turn the pages of the yearbooks,
we feel those pages will separate after
drying. Coated pages adhere to one an-
other within six hours of getting wet or
being removed from water. The sooner
they are frozen, the greater the chances
for recovery.
Several years before the flood, we
had a 100% recovery rate for a collec-
tion of books with coated pages because
the owner had wrapped the books in
wax paper and placed them in a freezer
until they could be brought to the li-
brary for freeze drying. We also saved
the dust jackets for those books. When
the books dried enough, we removed
the jackets and pressed them between
sheets of Reemay for air-drying. After
Disaster preparedness training
for library staff was the best
preparation for meeting our
needs after the flood.
the books were removed from the
freezer, the jackets were shaped around
the covers.
Know where freezer space might be
available
As the wet books continued to come in
after the flood, we knew more freezer
space would be needed as a holding area
until they could be moved into the
freezer/dryer. Books were pressed be-
tween acrylic sheets, packed in plastic
storage cartons, and moved to a rental
freezer truck that was parked next to the
student center. The books were later
moved to a freezer in the basement of
the student center next door to the li-
brary where they will remain until they
can be placed in the freezer/dryer.
Disaster training is a valuable
investment
Disaster preparedness training for li-
brary staff was the best preparation for
meeting our needs after the flood. Since
we knew basic recovery processes for
water-damaged materials, we were able
to organize salvage procedures quickly
as each collection was received. The
most important step was to label each
item or collection. We already had an
appropriate information form, but the
copies were on colored paper. Any form
used with wet materials should be on
white paper that will not stain, and writ-
ing should be done in pencil. Even
though our Disaster Committee had
been trained in the salvage of water-
damaged materials, they were not re-
cruited to assist with recovering the
flood-damaged materials. The staff of
Preservation and Conservation could
process all that we had room to distrib-
ute for drying each day; however, if it
had been necessary to ask for assistance,
new people would have been assigned
to work with someone who already had
experience on the project.
Many flood-damaged books can be
replaced
Just as an outside fire can affect the li-
brary, a flood can have a profound ef-
fect on library materials. Soon after
students and faculty returned to
campus, reports of water-damaged or
lost books began coming to the li-
brary. Preservation and Conserva-
tion was involved in this flood re-
covery because it is our responsibil-
ity to determine if damaged books
will be repaired or replaced. Months
after the flood, the library was still
processing claims for flood-damaged
books. Of the 119 books reported
damaged or lost during the first six
months, 100 were replaced.
ECUTs risk management office sub-
mitted a claim to the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) and to the -
North Carolina Department of Insur-
ance. The processing costs from the li-
brary insurance valuation were included
in the replacement cost of the books.
All available titles were ordered and in-
voices were coded oFLOYD� so they
could be easily identified. We were sur-
prised to learn that several of the out-
of-print books could be replaced so eas-
ily by searching the Internet at http://
www.bookfinder.com.
The experience with online
searching prompted me to suggest that
the library acquire a credit card so that
North Carolina Libraries
an order can be placed online as soon
as an out-of-print title is located. The
credit card will eliminate duplicate
searching and also assure that some
titles can be acquired while they are still
available. Service was fast through the
online companies and the condition of
the books was just as good as the de-
scription. Books that had circulated re-
cently were good candidates to be re-
placed, so there was some urgency to
find other copies. Another title on the
subject was sometimes ordered if a du-
plicate title could not be located. We
also found that some titles not available
online initially might be found during
a subsequent search.
Update the list of home phone
numbers regularly
Following the flood, we asked each de-
partment head to keep an up-to-date list
of staff home phone numbers and to
have a copy of the list at home. Radio
and TV, as well as the ALERT button on
could leak on them
humidity are too high.
opposite directions.
forms of damage.
Helpful Web Sites
http://www.fema.gov
http://palimpsest.stanford.edu
http://www.solinet.net
Guidelines to Prevent Water Damage
e Do not shelve materials under a vent where condensation or another form of water
¢ Keep air moving. Mold grows when air is stagnant
and the temperature and humidity are high.
Install a ceiling fan or place box fans in places
where air should be moving. If using more than
one box fan, position them so the air circulates in
the same direction rather than blowing in
e Inspect storage areas regularly for water and other
After the flood, we found the following Web sites to
be helpful for both institutions and individuals. The
information at these sites can be used in disaster
planning as well as after a disaster has occurred:
the ECU home page, are places one can
turn for emergency information, but we
learned after the transformer fire that
staff members did not always get the lat-
est information. We also updated our
disaster procedures with instructions for
sending information to the ECU Emer-
gency Hotline. In the future, emergency
announcements for library staff will be
included on the library phone message
line that normally gives the hours of
operation.
Preservation education is
important before and after a
disaster
Preservation education opportunities
increased significantly after the flood.
Calls are received almost every week,
and we have worked with both indi-
viduals and institutions to help them
decide how to handle their flood-dam-
aged materials. We hope that no one in
eastern North Carolina will ever again
have to suffer through a disaster like the
flood that followed Hurricane Floyd.
Our goal is to make people aware of
measures they can take to protect ma-
terials during normal circumstances
because many of those precautions will
help them if they do have water dam-
age.
There is no conclusion to this ac-
count because the aftermath of Hurri-
cane FloydTs flood is still with us after
many months. We expect to be work-
ing with flood-damaged materials and
with people whose lives were impacted
by the flood for several years.
Notes
1 Munters Moisture Control Services
800-775-0935 www.munters.com.
? Activated charcoal cartridges for or-
ganic vapor/acid gas, 3 M model 6003.
*Reemay is a non-woven, spun-
bonded polyester fabric.
e Shelve books at least 12 inches from the floor.
e Do not store materials near a window.
e Remember the 70-50 Rule: 70°F and 50% RH is a
comfortable environment for most materials.
e A closet is a good place to store materials, but
mold can still grow if the temperature and
Inset 2
Supplies Used in Flood Recovery
Li Reemay #6, 7,9, 10, 11
(J Gloves
QO Lab coats/aprons
4 Handi-Wipes
& pencils
rolls for large items
cut into standard sizes: 10" x 14" & 11" x 17"
clear like food handlers use for quick on/off wear
heavy vinyl for long-term wear
I Lysol: liquid and spray
[1 Small buckets: gallon ice cream containers
QO) Spatulas #6, 7, 9, 10, 11
1 Large trays (purchased from bakery that closed)
(4 Clear acrylic plastic book plates with polished edges
(standard sizes: 9"x12" & 11"x14")
I Heavy-duty rubber bands
Information forms on white paper to attach to each piece
(1 Kraft paper to cover tables
O Folding tables to provide additional work and drying areas
(4 Extra books trucks from other parts of the library
Assemble supplies before a disaster
For several years, Joyner Library has had a well-
1 Activated charcoal cartridges for organic vapor/acid gas,
3M model 6003 8
4 Particulate (general industrial) respirators, 3M model 8210,
stocked disaster supply closet and the Preservation
and Conservation Department has had many
supplies for small emergencies. (See Inset 2.) Since
all of the supplies we needed were in the library, we
did not have to spend valuable recovery time
looking for materials.
NIOSH approval TC-84A-0007 8
1 2-gallon resealable plastic bags
1 18-gallon plastic storage boxes
4 Scrap pamphlet binder board to use as light weights on paper
o1 Goggles from campus supply
North Carolina Libraries Fall 2000 " 63
OE Sn a I ee eA a are eg SOR = va anes rte clam iar ame Ah Sieh ole i as ct res iets ane aes
From the Bottom Up:
School Library Media Centers and
the Flood of 1999
by Angela Egerton, Ellen Kendall, and Rhea Resnik
t loomed large and menacing on
the weather maps. Hurricane Floyd,
one of the most powerful storms
ever to threaten the eastern United
States, charged northward toward
land with potentially catastrophic
winds of 155 miles per hour. With hur-
ricane force winds extending 140 miles
from the core, torrential rains, a large
storm surge, and the hurricane mass ap-
proximating an area the size of Texas,
residents of the East Coast cast a wary
eye, as they stocked up on essentials and
evacuated to safe ground. By early
Wednesday, September 15, the weather
forecasters expected the center of Floyd
to make landfall between Myrtle Beach
and Wilmington and then scoot quickly
into North Carolina following a path
similar to that of Interstate 95.
Edgecombe County was dead center.
At 10:00 A.M. on Wednesday, Sep-
tember 15, school officials made the de-
cision to release students at noon. Faxes
went out to the schools with instructions
to shut down the fileservers, along with
reminders to media coordinators to back
up collection and circulation data and
take storage media off site. Media coordi-
nators, fearing damage from windows
blown in as a result of destructive winds
and leaky roofs, hurriedly placed plastic
bags over computers and moved books
away from windows and other vulnerable
areas. What everyone feared was wind
and water damage from above. Little did
we imagine the danger posed by water
from below.
By Thursday, despite interminable,
hard-driving rain, Floyd had weakened
64 " Fall 2000
from a Category 5 storm to a Category 3.
As the hurricane wended its way over
eastern North Carolina, wind gusts rarely
exceeded 60 miles per hour. We thought
Edgecombe was home free! What we did
not notice, however, was that the trees
that toppled over seemed to lose their
footing as a result of water-saturated roots
rather than strong wind gusts. It was an
omen of what was to come.
And the water began to rise!!!! Creeks,
streams, and the usually placid Tar River
began to overflow their banks fueled by
the incessant rain that accompanied
Floyd and the high water levels that re-
mained from Hurricane Dennis, a hurri-
cane that had meandered off the coast of
Cape Hatteras two weeks earlier. The Tar
River in Greenville inundated homes
early Thursday evening, and the water
began to rise in Tarboro and surrounding
rural areas in the wee hours of Friday
morning. When the water ended its in-
exorable climb to unprecedented levels,
approximately forty percent of the land
area of Edgecombe County was under
water. The Edgecombe County School
system found two of its fourteen schools
totally flooded, to the extent that noth-
ing was salvageable. Pattillo A+ Elemen-
tary School, in East Tarboro, was more
that two-thirds submerged by water.
Princeville Montessori School, in the
flood basin of the Tar River, was covered
by more than twenty feet of water.
In the immediate aftermath, condi-
tions were chaotic. School officials
worked frantically to determine how and
where students in these two facilities
would be temporarily housed until per-
manent buildings could be constructed.
Once the decision to use mobile units was
made, the media coordinators waited ex-
pectantly to find out if separate units
would be available for media centers. Fre-
quent meetings with FEMA officials led to
frustration; instructions for determining
losses, assessing value of items destroyed,
and ordering equipment and materials
seemed to change on a daily basis. This
situation was exacerbated by the fact that
many employees who lived in adjacent
cities or outlying areas could not get to the
central office in Tarboro because of washed-
out bridges and flooded roadways.
A particular problem arose when we
began to work with the school system
fixed asset inventory list. In many in-
stances, it was extremely difficult to deter-
mine the type of item or equipment listed
because the description was sketchy or
the information was limited. In addition,
there was no consistency in terminology.
This situation led to a great deal of aggra-
vation and guesswork.
When public awareness of the extent.
of the school system loss began to de-
velop, unsolicited donations started to
arrive. School supplies, equipment, and
printed materials began to accumulate in
such quantities that a separate reception
and distribution center was set up in an
unused warehouse. With the goal of pro-
viding reading materials in our class-
rooms before media centers could be for-
mally established, we requested the assis-
tance of vendors with whom we do busi-
ness on a regular basis. Many vendors
called us to announce that donations of
books had been shipped or to inquire
North Carolina Libraries
about our immediate needs.
At this point, unfortunately, some
central office personnel refiled orders for
materials that had been purchased in re-
cent years without consulting the media
supervisor and the school media coordi-
nator or without regard for changed
needs. In other cases, central office per-
sonnel consulted closely with school staff
members to carefully weigh and consider
instructional needs. All involved were in
total agreement, however, that a high pri-
ority should be placed on providing an
abundance of reading materials in both
classrooms and in the hands of the many
students whose homes were lost as a re-
sult of the flood. To this end, classroom
paperback libraries were developed, and
many donated materials were collected
and distributed in order to replenish the
home or personal libraries of students
whose homes were lost in the flood.
Prior to the flood, PattilloTs media
center collection contained over 12,000
items, and the goal was to replace as
much of the collection as possible as
quickly as possible in order to provide the
students and teachers with materials and
resources needed to support the curricu-
lum and promote a love of reading. The
size of the replacement collection conse-
quently determined the direction of the
services offered by the media center. The
media coordinator and principal decided
to order bookcases, storage cabinets, com-
puter tables, and two desks for the media
center staff. In order to have adequate
space to house the collection in a central-
ized location, it was decided that tables
and chairs for students would not be or-
dered. Any instruction requiring seating
for students would be provided in the
classrooms. In the media center, classes
would sit on the floor along one wall dur-
ing class checkout. Students were very
cooperative and did not complain about
the cramped space.
Prior to the flood, the media center
collection contained a large number of
classroom novel sets that were used by
the teachers in conjunction with
Edgecombe County SchoolsT Language
Arts Instructional Delivery System. Or-
dering replacement sets for use in the
classrooms was a top priority during the
weeks following the flood. These sets
quickly put books in the hands of the
teachers and students within the first
week of classes.
Pattillo has used the Accelerated
Reader program for four years and several
of the teachers have earned Model Class-
room status. The media center is also rec-
ognized by Renaissance Professional De-
velopment as a Model Library. In order for
our students to have access to the books
needed for the Reading Renaissance pro-
gram, replacing books from the Acceler-
ated Reader program became the second
area of focus for our school. A plea for
help on the Accelerated Reader listserv
brought in donations of paperback books
and library quality books for classroom li-
braries from across the country. A school
in Canada also became involved in the
campaign to replace the books in our
classrooms. Library quality books to sup-
port the program were also ordered with
FEMA funds.
PattilloTs media center is also the odis-
tribution center� for resources to support
the curriculum. The third segment of re-
placement orders contained teaching re-
sources for math, language arts, social
studies, science, and health. The School
Improvement Team met to determine
which resources would be most effective
for meeting the needs of all the teachers
and students. With the current emphasis
on End-of-Grade testing, many of the re-
sources in the initial orders were materi-
als that teachers could use to prepare their
children for the reading, writing, and
math tests.
After the first three rounds of replace-
ment orders, the media coordinator fo-
cused on replacing the remaining books
in the collection. This round of orders
contained many books and resources
from a wide range of topic areas such as
poetry, science, and technology that
rounded out the media center collection
to the extent that it now contains ap-
proximately 12,000 volumes.
Services in the media center have
been limited to circulation and curricu-
lum development. Students began check-
ing out books in January, 2000 on a fixed/
flexible schedule. Each class also has a 30-
minute class checkout time every other
week. Unfortunately, due to the amount
of space devoted to shelving and re-
sources, students are unable to use the
media center for research. By the fall of
2000, the restoration of the schoolTs local
area network will be complete so that stu-
dents will have access to electronic infor-
mation resources from their classrooms
and the computer laboratory.
The priority for the media coordina-
tor at Princeville Montessori School was
to restore the regularly scheduled library
classes for each grade level and to get
books in the hands of the students. Prior
to the flood, each class participated in a
45-minute library visit each week. Teach-
ers and staff felt that it was important that
students return to as much of a regular
media center schedule as possible. Since
ra
L
the designated mobile unit was
initially in use as a clearing-
house for donated items, it was
impossible to have the children
visit the media center.
The media staff was chal-
lenged to find a way to bring
the media center to the class-
toom. They fashioned a large
cardboard box to resemble a
miniature bookmobile. Each
day the bookmobile was filled
with storybooks for storytime,
craft supplies for extension ac-
tivities, and a generous collec-
tion of reading material for stu-
dent selection. The media cen-
ter staff traveled from classroom
to classroom for the regularly
scheduled olibrary� time. After
Photo courtesy Gary Weathersbee.
North Carolina Libraries
Fall 2000 " 69
the story and activity, each student was
allowed to select a book from the book-
mobile. The bookmobile was a welcome
sight for both students and teachers.
In the meantime, the media staff was
busy cataloging thousands of donated
books. Thanks to the generosity of the
local cable television company, the
Princeville media center received a new
Pentium computer appropriate for use as
a circulation station. The media automa-
tion program was quickly installed. Since
electronic records were not available for
the donated titles, it was necessary to seek
cataloging information from several
sources. Books that contained cataloging-
in-publication data were addressed first. A
lesson in original cataloguing from the
media supervisor allowed the staff to be-
gin this monumental task. Later, a multi-
purpose MARC record database was pur-
chased, which allowed this work to pro-
ceed at a much faster pace. In addition,
MARC record data was located through
the use of SUNLINK, the Florida union
catalog of school library holdings. Over
3,500 books were cataloged using these
methods.
In late February, the principal sus-
pended library classes for one week so that
the media staff could finish the task of
cataloging, labeling, and shelving the col-
lection. Thanks to the efforts of parent
volunteers, the media center collection
was ready for circulation on March 1. Stu-
dents, teachers, and parents were thrilled
to have checkout available once again.
The students of Princeville Montessori
were delighted with their collection of new
books. Donated books and flood replace-
ment orders continued to arrive and were
incorporated in the collection as quickly
as possible. By the end of April 2000, the
number of volumes in the collection
topped 4000. Unfortunately, students will
not have access to electronic information
resources on a school local area network
until a new facility is complete.
The school media coordinators have
learned much from these experiences,
and the learning process will undoubt-
edly continue until we succeed in estab-
lishing new, fully-functioning media
centers. The first and most important
lesson is that we must be ever vigilant
and alert to the possibility of disaster
striking, whether from water, fire, wind,
or other destructive forces. While it is
impossible to prepare a contingency
plan for every conceivable calamity, a
plan should be in place that outlines the
steps to be followed in reestablishing
media services in our schools following
substantial losses.
First and foremost, the development
66 " Fall 2000
of this plan should emphasize the require-
ment to take a long, hard look at what
needs to be accomplished before any ac-
tion is taken. Decisions made precipi-
tously can cause additional problems in
the future. The rebuilding and restocking
plan that is developed must be guided by
current instructional priorities and not
based on ideas or instructional practices
that were prevalent years earlier. Deci-
sions to order or purchase new equip-
ment and materials must be based on the
current and anticipated new environ-
ment or facility, the situation, available
space, and the personnel. In essence,
three plans must be developed " short-
term for immediate needs to begin in-
struction, mid-term for resources while
still within the temporary campus, and
long-term for total collection replacement
in the development of a permanent facil-
ity. It is vital that the media coordinator,
the media supervisor, or someone experi-
enced and skilled in media services and
operations is closely involved in the or-
dering of materials and equipment. As a
result of orders placed by central office
personnel who lacked knowledge of auto-
mation systems and current media center
procedures and practices, many hours
had to be spent communicating changes
to vendors on barcode symbology and
number sequences.
Our experience has taught us that
media coordinators must develop and
maintain separate inventories of all ma-
terials and equipment without reliance
on the school system fixed asset inven-
tory list. Everything owned by the media
center should be entered into the elec-
tronic catalog, and both digital and print
records must be kept in the school build-
ing and off site, as well. In addition, the
electronic record for each item must have
a purchase price listed. The automation
systemTs collection value tool affixes an
average price to all materials that do not
have a price listed in the record; however,
this average price is usually outdated, con-
sidering the current costs of materials and
equipment.
The last major lesson that we
learned is that we, as media personnel,
must communicate well with all of our
communities " teachers, administra-
tors, parents, potential donors, and ven-
dors. Specific needs should be listed on
the school system Web site, and people
who desire to make donations should be
encouraged to call to discuss the situa-
tion with school and system level per-
sonnel. We should not be meek or reti-
cent in requesting replacements from
vendors, particularly in the area of digi-
tal media or computer applications. In
most cases, we purchase the rights to
content and actual applications rather
than the physical media. Do not hesitate
to request retrospective conversion ma-
terial or other data from the vendorTs
archives, if needed and still available. In
our case, this proved very helpful in de-
termining collection value after one
media coordinator inadvertently left a
briefcase with the collection data disks
in the media center in her haste to leave.
What will the future bring to the two
flooded school media centers in Edge-
combe County? Both Pattillo A+ Elemen-
tary School and Princeville Montessori
School will enjoy newly-constructed fa-
cilities featuring spacious, well-ap-
pointed media centers with up-to-date
materials and equipment. The media co-
ordinators will feel confident that their
input into the planning and design pro-
cess was accurately based on current me-
dia program requirements and practices,
solid collection development needs, and
well-documented student and faculty
usage patterns. Audiovisual equipment,
computers and peripherals, and media
center materials in all formats will be
new and current, obviating the need for
large expenditures to update books and
equipment for a number of years. Com-
puter platforms will be standardized,
eliminating a problem that has plagued
both schools in the recent past. Students
will have access to a wide variety of ma-
terials, in both print and electronic for-
mats, to satisfy their information needs
and leisure reading pursuits, and teach-
ers will have access to contemporary in-
structional and supplementary materials
to use in the curriculum.
Most important, however, is that the
joy of teaching and learning in a brand-
new, well-stocked facility be weighed
against the human factor " the toll that
this disaster had on the students, school
personnel, their families, and members of
the community. While the education of
our students will continue unimpeded,
the memory of this disaster will linger for
a long time. :
Just as the water seeped up from the
earth, so we had to rebuild our media pro-
grams from the bottom up. Nevertheless,
we believe that we were successful in our
rebuilding efforts because we kept the
needs of students, teachers, and the cur-
riculum uppermost in mind. It is hoped
that the collaboration that evolved be-
tween media coordinators and teachers
will continue so that wise decisions will
continue to be made to acquire the very
best in instructional and media center
materials for our students, our primary
clients.
North Carolina Libraries
One Public Library's Response
to the Storm of the Century
n September 15, 1999, Hurri-
cane Floyd dropped more
than 15 inches of rain on Pitt
County in less than 24 hours.
This followed more than ten
inches of rain received from
Hurricane Dennis less than two
weeks earlier. Thus, in less than 14 days,
Pitt County and the City of Greenville
received more than half its annual rain-
fall. This massive amount of rain in east-
ern North Carolina produced floods of
the Tar River that exceeded the 100 year
flood plain and, in many cases, went
beyond the 500 year flood plain. In re-
ferring to 500 year flood damage, one
resident noted, oThe last time some of
these areas were flooded, the only
people who were living here were the
Tuscarora Indians.�
The Tar River at Greenville finally
crested at more than 29 1/2 feet, nearly
17 feet above flood stage. The previous
recorded high for the river was in 1919
when the river crested at 24 feet. Of
course, in 1919 many fewer people lived
in areas that had since become inhab-
ited, so the personal devastation caused
by the flooding from Floyd was much
more extensive.
The results of Hurricane Floyd and
the floods that followed have been well
documented in the media, and it is not
my purpose to repeat those stories here.
I would like, however, to describe how
one library coped with the damage to
our area and our patrons, how we tried
to operate during the storm and the
floods that followed, and how we all
continue to recover even as I write.
Sheppard Memorial Library is the
public library that serves Greenville and
Pitt County. The system is composed of
a main library, four branches, and a
North Carolina Libraries
by Willie Nelms
bookmobile. There is a full-time equiva-
lency of 31 staff members. The full-time
staff is composed of 19 people with an
average tenure of more than 10 years. I
have been director of the library for the
past 19 1/2 years. Thus, we have a stable,
veteran staff that is committed to the
community.
On Tuesday, September 14, we fully
recognized that Hurricane Floyd was
going to hit us directly. Our staff began
preparations by securing our facilities
against potential wind damage, deter-
mining how we would communicate
during and after the storm, and identi-
fying possible areas of flooding caused
by the storm. Our preparations included
moving equipment away from windows,
banking sandbags against a basement
door, and moving loose objects from the
exterior of the building. Our concern
about possible storm damage was in-
creased because our main library and our
largest branch buildings were both un-
dergoing major expansions at the time.
As part of the construction, the footings
of the main library building were ex-
posed to the elements. Extensive con-
tacts with the building contractors as-
sured us that they were deploying sump
pumps to force water away from our
main building. The expansion of our
largest branch did not involve exposing
the footings, so our main concerns were
weatherproofing the above-grade por-
tion of the building.
As the storm arrived on Wednesday,
September 15, we secured our locations,
and closed at 5 p.m., four hours earlier
than normal. The decision also was
made to close on Thursday, September
16, since the brunt of the storm was ex-
pected to hit early on that morning. The
early closing was also necessary because
of the force and volume of rain that was
falling. Staff was sent home with instruc-
tions to call a designated library phone
extension for a recorded message on
when to return to work. This process had
been used in previous bad weather situ-
ations and proved once again be very
useful. (It is possible for us to change the
message on this line from remote loca-
tions, so information can be conveyed
quickly, and it much more efficient than
trying to call staff individually.)
The winds from the hurricane were
less than anticipated, but the rains ex-
ceeded our worst expectations. I came to
the library on Wednesday night during
a lull in the storm and discovered that
our basement area childrenTs library (ap-
proximately 4100 square feet) had two
inches of water in it. The sump pump
protecting that area had been overpow-
ered. Fortunately, we had banked sand-
bags against the door where the water
entered. Otherwise, the water damage
would have been much greater.
Likewise, the contractor-deployed
sump pumps on the exterior of the
building that protected the footings
were overpowered, and it was necessary
to bring in gas powered pumps to save
the day. The lull in the storm on Septem-
ber 15 lasted long enough for us to push
the water back with the gas-powered
pumps. We were also very lucky that the
storm did not disrupt the power at this
point, so electrical sump pumps could
still be used. We were prepared for the
potential loss of power, however. We
planned to bring our bookmobile with
its diesel-powered generator next to the
building to provide power for the sump
pumps should we lose electricity from
our local utility company.
If we had not pumped the water
Fall 2000 " 67
away from the building during this lull,
the damage to our building would have
been much greater. As it was, the storm
produced approximately $50,000 dam-
age to the main library, none of which
was to the building footings. Main li-
brary building damage included the
flooded basement, ruined carpet, and
damage to walls caused by leaks around
chimneys. The other four buildings suf-
fered only minor damage due to the
storm, so we considered ourselves lucky.
In describing this situation, it is im-
portant to separate the two very distinct
parts of the Floyd calamity. The hurri-
cane, its winds and rain, were over for us
by the end of Thursday, September 16.
Much greater damage was to come to
our community, however, as the Tar
River began to rise. It forced hundreds of
people from their homes, and the com-
munity operated in a state of emergency
for the next two weeks.
On the morning of Friday, fq
September 17, the library sys- |
tem opened for business as
usual. We quickly discovered
that two full-time staff mem-
bers had lost their homes be-
cause of the rising river waters.
One of these staff members was
forced to escape to Bethel in
the northern part of the
county. She was not able to re-
turn to work for ten days be-
cause of the raging Tar River
that divided the county. Roads
flooded and transportation be-
tween the northern and south-
ern part of the county were
nearly impossible, other than
by helicopter or boat.
As the staff gathered for
work on Friday, we began de-
ty
68 " Fall 2000
ploying individuals to provide books
and programs to the Red Cross shelters
that had opened to help displaced citi-
zens. In the immediate aftermath of the
storm, we knew that many of our pa-
trons would not be coming to the li-
brary, so we prepared to answer ques-
tions for patrons who called us for refer-
ence assistance regarding disaster infor-
mation. Much of this was information-
referral. Typical information provided
included the local disaster relief agency
phone numbers and information on
how to deal with water-damaged busi-
ness and personal papers.
We also saw our mission as serving
as a safe haven where people who were
displaced might come for refuge. During
the days that followed, we continued to
fill this mission. Some of our staff mem-
bers worked in the Emergency Opera-
tions Center for the City of Greenville.
Here they used their public service skills,
talking with people who called to ask for
assistance. Many of these people were
facing the rising river water and called
for help in evacuation.
Some staff members carried books
to migrant Hispanic families who stayed
in shelters outside the normal Red Cross
network. The childrenTs outreach staff
also offered programs for these families.
Other staff provided books to National
Guard members who were assigned to
our area during the disaster relief. As-
signed to a strange location with noth-
ing to do between shifts, many of them
from as far away as Kentucky, they wel-
comed the reading material we offered.
As the days passed and we heard the
regular drone of helicopters over the city
ferrying people to safety, the library only
missed two days of operation. The lost
time was caused by an interruption in
electrical power on Saturday, September
18, and Sunday, September 19. Fortu-
The intersection of 14th Street
and Charles Street (Hwy 43) in
Greenville was impassable for
days, cutting off traffic to
downtown Greenville, the ECU
main campus, and the stadium/
coliseum complex, just behind
this warehouse. Bales of
tobacco, garbage bags and
other debris floated down the
~pondT of both streets. Photo
courtesy Gary Weathersbee.
Next page: North Library Street
in Greenville was part of a
neighborhood that became not
just near-the-river property "
but part of the Tar River!
Photo courtesy Edie Tibbits.
North Carolina Libraries
nately, power was restored by Monday,
September 20, and we were able to re-
sume operations.
As might be imagined, walk-in traf-
fic from regular patrons was very slow
because people who were not directly
damaged by the floods were helping
with the rescue efforts. We still contin-
ued to maintain our regular schedule of
hours and tried to offer a sense of nor-
malcy to the community. The local
newspaper took notice of our efforts and
encouraged local parents with bored,
out-of-school children to send them to
the library to read a good book or partici-
pate in one of our programs.
While the floods did not directly
affect our buildings, and the storm pro-
duced relatively minor damage, we soon
realized that one of the greatest impacts
of the floods on us would be the books
that were in the hands of our patrons
who lost their homes and possessions in
the rising waters. In order to help pa-
trons, we designated a oFlood Relief�
phone line and asked patrons who had
lost library material to contact us. We
adapted our normal overdue procedures
to designate our usual overdue notice as
a oDisaster relief notice.� These letters
simply asked patrons to contact us if
they had losses due to the floods. Our
initial estimates were that more than
$11,000 worth of library material was
lost in the floods. We are still assessing
this final total, but we expect this origi-
nal estimate to be fairly accurate.
Our bookmobile service offered spe-
cial problems of its own. One of our
bookmobile staff members had lost her
home and belongings in the flood. Like-
wise, our bookmobile traveled to many
mobile home parks and residential areas
that were destroyed by the floods. We
North Carolina Libraries
tried to assess the possible number of
bookmobile stops that would be lost in
the flood but quickly realized that the
flooding was so random that it was im-
possible to get an accurate count of lost
sites until the bookmobile was able to
return to the road. We made a decision
not to resume bookmobile service until
the roads were deemed safe for school-
buses to travel. When we finally re-
sumed service about two weeks after the
storm, we discovered that 6 of our 125
bookmobile stops were totally destroyed.
People no longer lived at these locations,
and the floods had destroyed their
homes. We are still in the process of
discovering these olost� patrons, some of
whom have left the county and the state.
Three Federal Emergency Manage-
ment Administration (FEMA) mobile
sites were established as temporary quar-
ters for flood victims. These sites house
travel-trailer and full-size mobile homes.
Our bookmobile began service to these
sites, and the patrons seemed genuinely
grateful for the service we provide. Ser-
vice to the sites will continue as long as
they are in operation.
We are now in the recovery phase of
this natural disaster, and life has returned
to relative normalcy for our library sys-
tem. Our building program continues and
was only slightly delayed by the storm.
We are still identifying patrons who lost
material in the floods and will be for
months to come.
I am especially proud of our library
staff for their hard work and dedication
to service during the storm, the floods
that followed, and the recovery that will
continue well into the future. We were
very fortunate that none of our build-
ings were destroyed or damaged by the
floods. Many other libraries in North
Carolina were not as fortunate, and our
sincerest condolences go out to them.
Because we did not suffer massive
damage to our facilities, we were able to
stay in business and to adapt our nor-
mal library services to the needs of the
our community. Our staff used their
opeople� skills, honed during normal
times, to assist people affected by the
storm. Local officials were grateful that
we were available to offer assistance in a
variety of ways.
I am especially glad that we were
able to serve as a haven for the commu-
nity during this crisis. By operating in as
normal a fashion as possible, we pro-
vided a touchstone of normalcy for the
community at a time of great need.
When a disaster of any kind occurs,
people need to know that the institu-
tions in which they believe are still func-
tioning. It gives them a sense of comfort
at a time when all else around them may
be falling apart.
This effort drew on the skills of all
our staff. It tested us as individuals and
as an organization. In looking back at
the experience, there is very little that I
would do differently. Operating in such
an environment is very much out of the
ordinary and does not allow the luxury
of reflection. During the crisis stage, ac-
tions must be taken promptly and deci-
sions made quickly. The people in
charge of operations must be willing and
able to make these decisions. I believe
that we made the best decisions based
on the information we had at the time.
It was not an experience that I ever
hope to encounter again, but I think we
will be prepared in case such storms
strike in the future. I am also glad that
we were able to help out in our commu-
nity in this time of great need.
Fall 2000 " 69
Disaster Resources on the Web
by Robert James
opes Internet provides access to a wealth of information regarding disaster preparedness and the
recovery of damaged materials for library collections. The URLs below are a selection of high
quality resources from respected preservation organizations. Investing time in disaster planning and
training may reduce the expenses of restoration and replacement of valuable library assets. The
information on these Web sites is extremely beneficial. Continue your education in preservation
with further reading and attendance at workshops, conferences, institutes, internships, and academic
programs. For more comprehensive bibliographies of online disaster resources and print titles, visit
these Web sites:
SOLINET Preservation Services
Preservation Resources on the Internet: Disaster Preparedness and Recovery
http://www.solinet.net/presvtn/leaf/disWeb .htm
Conservation Online
Disaster Preparedness and Response
http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/bytopic/disasters/_
Heritage Preservation
National Task Force on Emergency Response
http://www.heritagepreservation.org/PROGRAMS/TFC.HTM
Tips for Quick and Easy Referral
¢ Bookmark and organize these Web pages.
e Print material that meets your institutional needs.
¢ Store material in a safe place for use when electricity or Internet access is unavailable.
¢ Keep additional print copies in your car and home.
The resources described in this bibliography have been written by preservation and conservation
professionals. Always consult with a professional conservator before attempting to repair or restore
damaged items of intrinsic, monetary, or institutional value. Contact the American Institute for
Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works for referral to a conservator in your area. The AIC
national office phone number is (202) 452-9545 and their Web site is
http://aic.stanford.edu/.
Disaster Planning
Northeast Document Conservation Center http://www.nedcc.org/plam3/tleaf33.htm
This online technical leaflet is part of the oEmergency Management� section of Preservation of
Library & Archival Materials: A Manual. Now in its third edition, it is available on the Internet
in English, Spanish and Russian http://www.nedcc.org/pubs.htm. An order form for the
print version is also on the NEDCC Web site. The Northeast Document Conservation Center
is the largest nonprofit, regional conservation center in the United States. Their facilities
include laboratories for paper and book conservation, reprographic services, a field service
office, and administration. The Disaster Planning leaflet includes sections on identifying and
decreasing risks, cooperative efforts, locating resources, setting priorities, writing the plan,
maintaining the plan, and suggested readings.
7O " Fall 2000 North Carolina Libraries
RT ro rprememepsespemee enge oe oer eae
Contents of a Disaster Plan
SOLINET Preservation Services
http://www.solinet.net/presvtn/leaf/displan.htm
Produced by the Southeastern Library Network, this leaflet covers the crucial elements of a
comprehensive disaster preparedness plan. SOLINET Preservation Services recommends that
cultural institutions strive for a fully developed plan with sections on disaster prevention,
reducing damages, immediate response activities, recovery procedures, and restoration of
materials. However, SOLINET also approves of phased approaches to writing disaster plans.
Sections for the institutionTs greatest concerns may be written first, with subsequent sections
on other areas to follow. Information on SOLINETTs workshops, publications, leaflets, video
loan service, microfilm program, and disaster services, which includes free telephone consul-
tations, is available on their main Web page http://www.solinet.net/presvtn/preshome.htm.
Sample Disaster Plans
Conservation Online
http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/bytopic/disasters/plans/
A project of the Preservation Department at Stanford University Libraries, Conservation Online
(CoOL) is a full-text library of conservation and preservation information. Resources include
material on copyright, mass deacidification, pest management, environmental conditions,
digital imaging, and many other preservation issues. The section on oSample Disaster Plans�
provides links to libraries that have made their manuals available on the Internet. Institutions
include the Library of Congress, the University of Florida, the Minnesota Historical Society,
and the U.S. Naval War College Library. Select elements in plans that best match your libraryTs
priorities. Aspire to achieve higher levels of preparedness with documentation for fund
allocators. If you would like to add a link to your libraryTs disaster plan to the CoOL Web site,
contact the Conservation Lab at Stanford University Libraries (e-mail consdist-
request@lindy.stanford.edu).
Emergency! If You're First
American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works
http://aic.stanford.edu/disaster/emrgncy.html
Being first on the scene of a collection disaster can be very intimidating. This resource aims to
prepare us for strategic disaster-recovery thinking. Sections include initial coordination,
priorities, designations, securing the site perimeter, establishing a communications network,
informing insurance agencies, protection of artifacts, water salvage, and drying procedures.
The American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (AIC) is a national
membership organization of professional conservators. Other information on disaster recov-
ery and selecting a conservator are available on their Web page http://aic.stanford.edu/.
AIC reminds us that safety always comes first. We should not endanger ourselves or our staff
in attempts to rescue damaged items.
Emergency Response Action Steps
Federal Emergency Management Agency
http://www.fema.gov/r-n-r/ers_wl.htm
FEMA's Emergency Response Action Steps is a script for the first 48 hours of disaster recovery.
Contents on the Web site include disaster alerts, safety, off-site services, stabilizing the
environment, documentation, retrieval and protection, damage assessment, salvage priorities,
and tips for dealing with damage to historic buildings. There is a link to the Emergency Salvage
Wheel http://www.fema.gov/r-n-r/ers_wl2.htm, with recovery recommendations for framed
artworks, photographs, books and paper, electronic records, textiles, furniture, ceramics, stone
and metal, organic materials, and natural history specimens. This resource was designed for
archives, libraries, and museums by the National Task Force on Emergency Response, a public-
private partnership sponsored by FEMA, Heritage Preservation, and the Getty Conservation
Institute. Order forms for print copies of Emergency Response and Salvage Wheel are available
on the Heritage Preservation Web site http://www.heritagepreservation.org/PUBS/
WHEEL.HTM.
Emergency Drying Procedures for Water Damaged Collections
Library of CongressPreservation Directorate
http://lcweb.loc.gov/preserv/emerg/dry.html
The Library of Congress Preservation DirectorateTs Emergency Drying Procedures for Water
Damaged Collections includes safety precautions for disaster response; air drying for books,
maps, documents, posters and photographic material; and recovery recommendations for
water damaged items with mold. LC also has an Emergency Preparedness Web page http://
Icweb.loc.gov/preserv/prepare.html which outlines their disaster plan to protect our nationTs
North Carolina Libraries Fall 2000 " 71
ic i
72 " Fall 2000
premier library collections. The Frequently Asked Questions Web page is also very informative
http://Icweb.loc.gov/preserv/presfaq.html. LC answers such questions as oCan I save wet
books?�; oWhat if my books are moldy?�; and oHow can I get rid of the smell of mildew in
my books?�. This yearTs annual Preservation Awareness Workshop, sponsored by the Preser-
vation Directorate, is scheduled for October 19, 2000. Information about the workshop is
available online http://lcweb.loc.gov/preserv/aware.html.
Emergency Salvage of Wet Books and Records
Northeast Document Conservation Center
http://www.nedcc.org/plam3/tleaf37.htm
The NEDCC stresses that time is not on our side when books and records have been
exposed to water. Rapid initial response, a detailed disaster plan, educated and well trained
staff, support from management, effective communication, and fast, informed decisions
are crucial. This technical leaflet covers air drying, dehumidification, freezer drying,
thermaline or cryogenic drying, vacuum freeze drying, vacuum thermal drying, and air
drying wet books and records. Field Service staff at NEDCC are available 24 hours a day for
telephone disaster assistance. This free service is funded by a grant from the National
Endowment for the Humanities. The NEDCC disaster assistance phone number is
(978) 470-1010.
Flood Recovery Booklet
Iowa Conservation and Preservation Consortium
http://www.neirls.org/flood_recovery/flood_cover.html
The ICPC Flood Recovery Booklet was written for the citizens of Iowa following the devastat-
ing flood of 1993. It offers advice on the recovery of personal collections damaged by flood
waters and mold. Although intended for the general public, the information is equally
applicable to library collections. Sections in the booklet discuss flood recovery for books,
papers, records, blueprints, paintings, ceramics, glass, metal, wood, stone, textiles, micro-
film, motion picture film, and computer disks.
Managing a Mold Invasion: Guidelines for Disaster Response
Conservation Center for Art and Historic Artifacts
http://www.ccaha.org/technic.html
This resource, available in English and Spanish and funded by the Claneil and William Penn
Foundations, addresses health concerns, minor outbreaks and major blooms, first response
steps, inactivation procedures, fungicides, cleaning and disinfecting methods, and preven-
tion planning. CCAHA notes that keeping collection storage areas below 70% relative
humidity will slow mold growth on material.
Invasion of the Giant Mold Spore
SOLINET Preservation Services
http://www.solinet.net/presvtn/leaf/moldnew.htm
Another excellent resource about combating mold in libraries, this preservation leaflet is
an updated version of Sandra NybergTs 1987 work. At the time of writing, Ms. Nyberg was a
Preservation Field Service Officer with SOLINET. The leaflet covers the nature of mold;
what mold does to books, paper, and people; and preventing and removing mold growths.
It also contains a comprehensive bibliography.
Emergency Salvage of Moldy Books and Paper
Northeast Document Conservation Center
http://www.nedcc.org/plam3/tleaf39.htm
This technical leaflet, written by Beth Lindblom Patkus, offers step-by-step instructions for
cleaning minor and major mold outbreaks. The NEDCC recommends consulting with a
mycologist and outsourcing the removal of active (wet and fuzzy) mold due to the poten-
tial health risks. This site includes a list of vendors for purchasing supplies and contracting
services.
North Carolina Preservation Consortium
http://www.slis.nccu.edu/ncpc/
The North Carolina Preservation Consortium is a cooperative, nonprofit organization
founded to provide leadership and coordination in preserving our stateTs educational,
historical, and cultural collections. Its membership includes public libraries, private and
state academic libraries, government, corporate and cultural archives, and other collection
institutions. NCPC provides affordable disaster preparedness and recovery presentations
and workshops. Visit the NCPC Web site for contact information.
North Carolina Libraries
*Lagniappe (lan-yapT, lanT yapT) n. An extra or unexpected gift or benefit. [Louisiana French]
compiled by Plummer Alston Jones, Jr.
Flood of the Century
he immediate days and weeks
following the descent of
Hurricane Dennis, followed
closely by Floyd, brought a series of
difficult and traumatic experiences
that many eastern North Carolinians
will remember for a long time. The
East Carolina University campus closed
at 2 p.m. on Wednesday, September
15, 1999, and did not reopen until
September 27 for faculty and staff and
two days later for students. Both of the
local television stations offered
continual flood coverage, video clips,
and interviews. Families lost homes
and livelihoods, and 52 people lost
their lives.
On September 28, Dr. Carroll
Varner, Director of Joyner Library,
suggested assembling a collection of
flood-related materials. Documenta-
tion efforts have resulted in the Flood
of the Century Collection. The
collection has been made possible
through a variety of technological
advances, including e-mail, Web pages,
the Internet, digital cameras,
camcorders, and the like. There have
been over 100 Web pages on the
Internet about the effects of Floyd. The
Library has a flood page http://
www.lib.ecu.edu/SpclColl/
special.htm| with photographs from
the collection, a chronology, statistics,
and links. Federal, state, and local
agencies banded together to speed
recovery, and these activities need to
be documented also.
Currently, the collection has over
60 donations of a variety of types of
materials. There are many color
photographs " everything from the
bandshell on the town common
North Carolina Libraries
by Mary Boccaccio
underwater to flooded student apart-
ments on the edge of campus to
photos of the Missouri Baptist Conven-
tion Disaster Group setting up cooking
tents in the parking lot of Memorial
Baptist Church to provide meals for
victims and relief workers. Pieces of
the collection are starting to come
together now, like a jigsaw puzzle.
Accompanying the photos of the MBC
Disaster Group is an oral interview
with the groupTs leader after four weeks
on site, just before they packed up to
leave. The Blue Cap (group leader)
discusses the groupTs organization,
daily activities, and interfaces with
local and national groups. Now the
pictures have a voice.
The Library used the campus e-
mail network to announce the project,
and staff and faculty from many
departments responded with sugges-
tions. One suggestion in particular
surprised me. Education, Sociology,
and Psychology faculty all suggested
interviewing children, who frequently
are left out. They were right. Children
historically are not well documented
in manuscript collections and this was
a chance for an additional perspective.
One local fifth grade teacher called
and asked if we were interested in the
essays her class was writing. Of course
we were. The youngsters worked on
the essays for several months. Sarah
Mitchelson and I brought them to the
Library to present their essays to the
Associate Director and for refresh-
ments. We invited the local television
stations and press so it became an
event for them. They were on the local
news the morning paper printed
pictures of them reading their essays.
Subsequently the essays were loaded
on the FEMA for Kids Web page http:/
/www.fema.gov/Kids/k2k.htm. They
have been used by AP and UPI, and
have been in the oWinners� section of
the Southeastern edition of the Wall
Street Journal.
Recently, we acquired a video from
a young man in Pitt County who took
a camcorder in a boat in that area on
three separate occasions. We still have
material coming in. People send
printed materials. I have a long list of
people involved in the flood in one
way or another who have agreed to do
an interview. Buyouts are still continu-
ing, and recovery and repairs will go
on for quite a while. There was a
conference about the flood and
environmental disasters,
oRecovery in the Coastal Plain,�
sponsored by the Geography
Department at East Carolina
University. People from a
variety of fields participated.
Each field has its own type of
recovery work to perform. For
our Flood of the Century
Collection there are many more
interviews to get, and more
photographs, videos, and written
information to find and preserve.
Fall 2000 " 77
ired to the
orld
by Ralph Lee Scott
Hurricane Web Sites
Emergency Management Administration and the Na-
tional Hurricane Center Web sites. In this column, we
will explore current hurricane Web sites. During active
storms, some of these regular sites can be slow, so I will sug-
gest alternative sites that often are easier to access and have
much the same information.
A quick source of current weather information for the
United States is Unisys Weather www.weather.unisys.com,
a large Web site maintained by the Unisys Corporation.
Click on the left hand bar reading oHurricane Data� to ac-
cess an archives page from which you can select the Atlan-
tic 2000 season storms. Each storm is listed, along with a
tracking map and detailed storm data: type (Latitude,
Long., Date, Time, Wind Speed, Pressure, Status {TS, Hurri-
cane 1-5}).
Another big weather Web site is Ohio State UniversityTs
Buckeye Weather or OSU Weather asp1.sbs.ohio-state.edu.
This site has a oTropical Weather� link to re-broadcasts of
the following National Hurricane Center products: Tropical
Weather Outlook, Tropical Weather Discussion, NCEP
Tropical Desk, Monthly Tropical Weather Summary, Satel-
lite Imagery, Aircraft Reconnaissance Information, Prior
Season Summaries, and Current Weather Surface Plots.
Buckeye Weather, while a good source of information, is oc-
casionally down due to funding or hacker attack, some-
times slow to post bulletins, and hard to log on to when
there is a major United States landfall hurricane. When this
happens, move to a similar site in Hawaii.
The University of Hawaii Department of Meteorology
lumahai.soest.hawaii.edu has a sort of mirror site for
oMainland Weather� and oTropical Weather.� Hawaii has of
course, more information on Pacific Typhoons (from the
Joint Typhoon Warning Center), but also features a Web
page on the Atlantic Ocean that has the latest GEOS-8 Satel-
lite Imagery and re-broadcasts of the National Hurricane
Center Bulletins for the North Atlantic, Caribbean, and
Gulf of Mexico. Often when mainland United States sites
are slow, Hawaii responds quickly.
If there is a major East Coast storm, the National
Weather Service Office in Corpus Christi, Texas, has an ex-
cellent Web site www.srh.noaa.gov/crp/tropical. I like the
site because the most needed information is on one page
I n last fallTs Wired column, you read about the Federal
74 " Fall 2000
and the navigation bars on the left take you right where
you want to go. For example, there are bar links to Coastal
Observations, Tropical Outlook, Atlantic IR, Gulf Water Va-
por, Sector Dvorak IR.
Texas also has the excellent KHOU-TV Web site:
www.khou.com. This site is updated by the former Direc-
tor of the National Hurricane Center, Dr. Neil Frank, and
has a great graphic presence. Storm text advisories and posi-
tion maps are hyperlinked with other hurricane resources as
graphic links on the opening page. There is also a
oGalveston Beachcam� for real time Gulf weather viewing.
This site is a good one to go to when there is an East Coast
hurricane, especially with the up-to-date commentary from
Dr. Frank. Texas storms tend to slow the site down, so you
might want to look elsewhere in the event of Gulf of
Mexico disturbances.
The National Hurricane Center site was reviewed by
Wired in the Fall 1999 issue of North Carolina Libraries;
however, the site has been updated since then. The Center
has made some improvements in arrangement and added a
couple of graphics to the main page. I find the site some-
what clunky to use, however, and hard to understand. The
information is not presented in the same clear graphic
manner as the KHOU site. When you can get to the site, it
loads fast but access is a major problem, especially when
Coral Gables, the site location, is under a storm warning.
The site is mirrored automatically, but access is difficult
during active storms.
Another good Florida site is Hurricane Central 4
www.sun-sentinel.com/storm. This site has a lots of good
news releases and current information. For example, a cur-
rent article is oHurricane Shelter for Pets: A Doggone Di-
lemma.� The article deals with evacuation issues in densely
populated areas where companion animals are common.
The current solution is large outdoor evacuation areas (like
fairgrounds) located outside coastal zones that can accom-
modate animals and their owners. While this site obviously
has a Florida focus, it has good graphics and is very up to
date.
The Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Center at
U.S. Naval Base Norfolk www.nlmoc.navy.mil and its new
mirror site www4.nlmoc.navy.mil have a oTropical Cy-
clone� link, which includes Hurricane Warnings and Ar-
North Carolina Libraries
chives, Current Tropical Discussions
and Analysis, Forecasting Aids, Storm
Track Data, along with current condi-
tions. The Norfolk Sortie Conditions
are of major interest. When the Atlan-
tic Fleet sorties because of a storm, you
know it must be time to batten down
the North Carolina hatches!
Closer to home, the Emergency
Management Division of the North
Carolina Department of Crime Control
and Public Safety has an excellent Web
site: www.dem.dcc.state.nc.us. Cur-
rent weather bulletins are posted, along
with storm response situation reports.
This site is updated regularly and seems
to be accessible during needed times.
WRAL www.wral-tv.com/weather has
good links to hurricane information
and their main NC Hurricane Web site
Stormtrack 2000. Other media in the
state also have hurricane information
pages, for example WECT in
Wilmington http://www.wect.com/.
North Carolina also has a Web
page www.ncstormsurge.com with
basic information about projected
storm surges in specific counties. This
project is run in part by the U.S. Army
Corp of Engineers, Wilmington Dis-
trict. This year FEMA has a new Tropi-
cal Storm Watch Page (which was also
reviewed in the Fall 1999 North Caro-
lina Libraries issue) at www.fema.gov/
fema/trop.htm. This site has the usual
links to current storm data and current
interest articles (example: oNow is
Good Time to Buy Flood Insurance
FEMA Says�).
For a comprehensive hurricane
technical weather page link, I recom-
mend the Hurricane Hunters Web site
www.hurricanehunters.com. A new,
commercial weather site is The Weather
Guys at www.weatherguys.com. This
site is free and allows you to sign up for
an e-mail subscription to text NOAA
weather bulletins.
ABOUT THE AUTHORS ...
Mary Boccaccio
Education: B.A., Albion College; M.A., University of Pennsylvania; M.L.S., Wayne
State University
Position: Curator of Manuscripts, Joyner Library East Carolina University
Angela Egerton
Education: A.A., Peace College; B.S., East Carolina University; M.A., Campbell
University; M.S.L.S., East Carolina University
Position: Media Coordinator, Pattillo A+ Elementary School, Tarboro
Ron Haislip
Education: B.A., UNC-Charlotte; MLIS, UNC-Greensboro
Position: Assistant Librarian, The Charlotte Observer
Pamela Hackbart-Dean
Education: B.A., Hendrix College; M.A., University of Connecticut
Position: Archivist, Southern Labor Archives, Georgia State University
Robert James
Education: B.S., University of Florida; M.L.S., North Carolina Central University
Position: Director of Library Services, Wake Technical Community College;
President, North Carolina Preservation Consortium
Ellen Kendall
Education: B.A. in Education, University of Maryland; M.E.D., Penn State
University
Position: Media Coordinator, Princeville Montessori School, Princeville
Willie Nelms
Education: B.A., Old Dominion University; M.A., University of Kentucky;
M.S.L.S, University of Kentucky
Position: Director of Libraries, Sheppard Memorial Library, Greenville
Rhea Resnik
Education: B.A., State University of New York at Albany; M.S.L.S., East Carolina
University; M.A.E.D., East Carolina University
Position: Director of Media and Technology, Edgecombe County Schools
Elizabeth H. Smith
Education: B.S., East Carolina University; M.A .Ed., East Carolina University;
M.S .L.S., UNC-Chapel Hill
Position: Professor, Academic Library Services Head, Preservation and
Conservation, Joyner Library, East Carolina University.
858 Manor Street
Lancaster, PA 17603
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____ NORTH CAROLINA i
»
y )
Dorothy Hodder, Compiler
his is an exciting time for the publication of southern Black history, with good,
even excellent, historical studies about African Americans flowing from the
presses. Many have been based on North Carolina, due in no small part to the
excellence of the stateTs archival and manuscript resources. Sharon HoltTs
contribution is a close examination of how emancipated Black families in
Granville County pooled their resources to supplement and extend their field earnings.
Previous studies have largely focused on farm tenures and menTs earnings; Holt shows
that grandparents, children, and especially wives made significant contributions to
household income. She has dug deeply into county records and cross-checked one type
of evidence against another to produce rich and moving stories of Blacks freed after the
Civil War, but given little with which to succeed. Her work complements Robert
KenzerTs more ambitious Enterprising Southerners: Black Economic Success in North Caro-
lina, 1865-1915 (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1997).
Holt finds that once Black families obtained some land, typically one to six acres,
they generally did not try to buy more land or equipment. She attributes this to
cautionary real-life stories of those who over-extended them-
selves and lost everything, as well as to fear of reprisals if Blacks
were discovered to be doing better than White farmers. Her
Sharon Ann Holt. greatest discovery, that Blacks often manipulated tenure and
credit systems to their own advantage, has received widespread
Making Freedom Pay: North attention due to her award-winning 1994 article in the Journal of
Southern History. Although HoltTs research extends to 1900, she
Ca r ol i na F r eedpeopl e Wor. ki. ng for does not fully explore the changes occurring in transportation,
Th emse Iv es 1 8 6 5- 1 9 0 0 agriculture, and the tenure system over that time and what
effect, if any, these changes had on Black families and their
Athens: University of Georgia, 2000. 188 pp. $30.00. relationships with the dominant race.
North Carolina Libraries
ISBN 0-8203-2170-2. Holt attempts to generalize her findings beyond Granville
County. The diligent student will not be misled by the geo-
graphic scattering of some of her examples, a failing common
enough, but those not familiar with North Carolina may think her arguments more
buttressed by facts than they sometimes are. Her tendentious willingness to speculate
on patterns and activities outside Granville County, especially in her discussions of
schools and churches, would be more solidly grounded if she had paid greater attention
to new secondary sources. HoltTs bibliography reflects only a few of the latest relevant
publications; she seems to be unaware of Edward L. AyersTs magisterial synthesis The
Promise of the New South: Life After Reconstruction and many other recent studies of
African American life during the period. Most puzzling of all is that Holt ignored a
more substantial study of Virginians that parallels her own work: Jeffrey R. Kerr-
RitchieTs Freedpeople in the Tobacco South: Virginia, 1860-1900 (Chapel Hill: University of
North Carolina Press, 1999). Kerr-Ritchie completed his doctorate in 1993 at the
University of Pennsylvania, just two years after Holt accepted her doctorate at the same
school, but does not cite her dissertation either.
Index, bibliography, and endnotes are included; the book has no illustrations. The
University of Georgia PressTs practice of using only the short title in the footnotes, even
on first citation, forces the reader to continually flip to the brief bibliography. Most
North Carolina libraries will want to have this book despite its shortcomings.
" Patrick Valentine
Wilson County Public Library
Fall 2000 " 77
he shuttle and the plow, quintessential metaphors for textiles and farming,
together evince the very essence of Alamance County. Shuttle & Plow: A History
of Alamance County, North Carolina, documents over three hundred years of
North Carolina history, twice the age of Alamance County itself, which was
carved from the western part of Orange County in 1849.
Shuttle & Plow is divided into two parts. Carole Watterson Troxler wrote eight
chapters on oOld Allemance,� which takes the reader through the Civil War;
William Murray Vincent wrote seven chapters on oRecovery and Renewal,� the
modern-day period after the Civil War. A scholarTs dream, this county history
includes notes, bibliography, appendices, index, and sixty illustrations, including
black-and-white portraits of historic figures and photographs of historic homes and
buildings, and county and township maps.
Troxler and Vincent weave a seamless history. Troxler begins with a discussion
of the trading paths created by the Siouan tribes that inhabited the area in the early
1600s, and introduces the first white European settlers, attracted to land for sale by
Lord Granville. She elucidates the interaction between the sympathizers with the
Regulator Movement and the proud heirs of the
Dissenting heritage from the British Isles, that culmi-
nated in both groups supporting the Revolutionary War.
Her narrative of the years before and during the Civil
War and the fate of both free and enslaved African
° ; Americans during this bloody period sets the stage for
Shuttle & Plow: A History of the second part of the history.
Carole Watterson Troxler and William Murray Vincent.
A lamance Coun ty, No rth Caro li. na. Vincent begins with Reconstruction and the growth
f of the textile industry that was the salvation of
[Graham, NC]: Alamance County Historical Association, Alamance County, and, indeed, of the South. He covers
7519-C Lindley Mill Road, Graham, NC 27253, 1999. 541 pp. reforms in education, including the founding of Elon
Cloth, $40.00 (includes tax, shipping, and handling). College, agriculture, medicine, and the electrical and
No ISBN. gas utilities. His chapter on race relations, particularly
desegregation and its eventual demise, is a fascinating
reminder of how far we have come with regard to
political and social reforms, but how far we have to go
to reach true equality in civil rights.
Troxler and Vincent show us the interaction between the inhabitants of
Alamance County and the natural resources at their disposal, introducing many
illustrious personages. Joseph Graham (1759-1836), a Revolutionary War patriot,
was father of Governor William Alexander Graham (1804-1875), for whom the
county seat was named. William Luther SpoonTs (1862-1942) survey maps of the
county were indispensable in his planning and supervision of the creation of new
roads in the early twentieth century. Sallie Walker StockardTs (1869-1962) 1900
masterTs thesis at the University of North Carolina became the first book on
Alamance County history. John Newlin (1776-1867) was a Piedmont Quaker, who
was a long-term activist for the abolition of slavery. Archibald DeBow Murphey
(1777-1832) is remembered for his proposals for internal improvements in North
Carolina that would lead eventually to the development of a modern network of
highways and to a statewide system of standardized public instruction. Giles
Mebane (1809-1899), for whose family the town of Mebane was named, was a
tireless promoter of railroads. Edwin Michael Holt (1807-1884), whose Alamance
Cotton Factory was built in 1837, and James Spencer Love (1896-1962), founder of
Burlington Mills in 1924, were leaders in the development and expansion of the _
textile industry in Alamance County.
Troxler, professor of history at Elon College and a past president of the Histori-
cal Society of North Carolina, is the author of The Loyalist Experience in North
Carolina (Raleigh: Department of Cultural Resources, 1976), and numerous article-
length Revolutionary studies. Vincent, executive director of the Alamance County
Historical Museum, has served on the Alamance County Historic Properties Com-
mission and is president of the Historic Stagville Foundation of Durham.
One of the finest county histories available, Shuttle & Plow will undoubtedly set
the standard for future county histories. It deserves a place in all North Carolina
collections in school, public, and academic libraries. As the handsome dust jacket
synopsis reveals, Alamance County is truly a microcosm of the American South.
" Plummer Alston Jones, Jr.
Catawba College
78 " Fall 2000 North Carolina Libraries
etter writing is an art that has quietly faded from our lives. In Judy
GoldmanTs first full-length work of fiction, The Slow Way Back, we see how
touching a well-written letter can be and the mysteries it can unravel. The
novel reveals to the reader, piece by piece, the mystery called oMother.�
Mixing prose and epistolary writing, Goldman treats us to a look at a
family broken but mending.
Thea, a radio talk show host in Charlotte, is given letters that her grandmother
wrote to TheaTs great aunt around the time of the marriage of TheaTs parents. Through
these letters Thea hopes to gain a better understanding of her mother, who though
loving and generous at times, was often withdrawn and a mystery to her daughter.
The difficulty is that the letters are written in Yiddish, and Thea, having let her
Jewish upbringing slip away from her, is unable to read them on her own. Through
her quest for translations, the reader is introduced to her sister
Mickey, her aunt Florence, and other family members who encour-
Judy Goldman. age and discourage her quest. The varied personalities and indi-
vidual motives of the family members are portrayed well. Judy
Th e SI Ow Way Back: A N ovel : Goldman does a good job of showing TheaTs isolation from her
New York: William Morrow, 1999. 274 pp. $24.00.
ISBN 0-688-16598-2.
roots, her relationships with various family members, and her
struggle with her well-loved but misunderstood mother. It is a
pleasure to read a book where letters and the art of letter writing is
a focus.
TheaTs desire to know more about her motherTs past is intrigu-
ing and pulls the reader in, letter by letter. This makes the book read at a fast pace.
This work would fit well into a public library, as it contains many threads to interest a
variety of people.
Other books by Judy Goldman are Holding Back Winter and Wanting to Know the
End. Both are books of poetry.
" Caroline Keizer
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
ira DeLand, Julie FlemingTs reluctant protagonist, is more than a little overwhelmed.
After her fatherTs death, she discovers that she has inherited her childhood home,
named Lila, under the condition that she must move it from Ona Island, North Caro-
lina, to Mims, Arkansas, where the family now lives. On top of that, older brother
Kearney insists that their much younger sister Kat must not be allowed to travel with
Mira to North Carolina, because Kat might discover family secrets surrounding the
home, and the reasons why the DeLands moved away several years before her birth.
Despite all their efforts Kat insists on accompanying Mira on the journey across the South and into the
past. The sisters are accompanied by house movers Ray, a married flatbed driver who Mira finds very
attractive, and his assistant, Aron. Along the way they meet Felissa, a teenage runaway staging her own
Julie Fleming.
Moving Lila.
New York: St. MartinTs Press, 2000.
212 pp. $22.95. ISBN 0-312-24409-6.
kidnapping, and Aron quickly includes her in the moving adventure. In a series
of flashbacks we meet the sistersT parents, now both dead, and get some
tantalizing hints about past transgressions and indiscretions.
The sisters have a rough journey. The drive is long and monotonous, and the
revelations about the past cause a split between them that is slow to heal. Mira
is surprised to learn that Kat is aware of some of the supposedly well-buried
family secrets, and wryly amused when Kat manages to worm out a few more,
including their motherTs infidelity and MiraTs last visit to Lila during a personal
crisis. Neither is prepared for her emotions when they learn the identity of the
mysterious woman for whom the house was named. The drive home to Arkan-
sas centers around the growing attraction between Ray and Mira and what that
might mean when they return to their families; the deterioration and eventual
rebuilding of the relationship between Mira and Kat; and MiraTs own journey of self-discovery.
This interesting novel is full of ironic humor and has as many twists and turns as the road between
Ona Island and Mims. The reader feels some distance from the characters even in their most intense
moments, and FlemingTs minimalist style leaves the reader wishing for more emotional engagement
with Mira, Kat, and the others. Thanks, however, to the compelling story line and picturesque descrip-
tions, Fleming succeeds in telling her story, and leaves the reader wanting to know what happens next.
Recommended for high school and public libraries.
North Carolina Libraries
"Joan Ferguson
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Fall 2000 " 79
igging through the treasure trove of primary documents to create this slim volume
must have been nearly as daunting a task as the process of draining Lake
Mattamuskeet. It took the author eleven years to clean and sort the contents of five
crates that had been stored in a barn for over half a century. The result is a pictorial
review of a quixotic project that never quite attained its goal, but which stirred
much interest, made a great deal of money for some investors, and, ultimately,
proved the value of leaving natural resources intact.
With its origins shrouded in mystery, Matttamuskeet, the stateTs largest natural lake, has
been the target of entrepreneurs since colonial times. The rich, boggy lake bed attracted hopeful
farmers the way its waters drew game and waterfowl. By an act of
state legislature in 1909, the Mattamuskeet Drainage District was
Lewis C. Forrest. established, and three separate reclamation projects followed " in
1916, 1920, and 1926 " but only the latter could be deemed suc-
Lake M attam uskeet: cessful. Using engineering techniques that originated in Holland,
N ew H O II an d an d Hy d e C oun ty the location of the project was dubbed oNew Holland.� In the face
of the Depression, spending money to pump water out of a lake to
[ Images of America series]. grow crops that didnTt sell couldnTt be justified. The New Holland
Corporation was dissolved and Lake Mattamuskeet became a wildlife
Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 1999. refuge under the auspices of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC).
128 pp. $18.99 + $3 s/h. ISBN 0738502715. Since 1989, a different kind of reclamation project has been under-
way, as the citizens of Hyde County have sought to renovate the
Mattamuskeet Lodge, listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
Like a family album, the bookTs black and white photographs and their captions provide a
glimpse of a specific segment of Hyde CountyTs past. Admirably succinct introductions to each
chapter and the soft-cover format will appeal to the casual reader, and the carefully documented
sources will please historians, but the lack of an index may aggravate researchers looking for
quick answers. The book is most suited to an adult audience in public libraries.
" Marie Spencer
New Hanover County Public Library
hough far from the major battlefields of the Civil War, western North Carolinians nonetheless
fought a true ocivil� war"one that pitted neighbor against neighbor with as much physical and
psychological violence as that found on any battlefield. While initially backing the Confederacy at
the beginning of the war, western North CaroliniansT attitudes became less supportive as Confeder-
ate army and government demands for men and materials grew. In 1863, the forced conscription of
men from western North Carolina brought on a severe economic downturn for everyone remaining in the
area. Left with only small, ineffective groups of ohome guards,� those too young or old to be in the regular
army, the area was open to federal attacks from east Tennessee, the depredations of Confederate deserters
using the mountains as hiding places, and the general lawlessness that pervaded the area at the time.
Surveying Alleghany County south to Rutherford County and west to the counties that border Tennes-
see, the authors of The Heart of Confederate Appalachia examine the sociological impact of the war on
John C. Inscoe and Gordon B. McKinney.
The Heart of Confederate
Appalachia: Western North
Carolina in the Civil War.
Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina
Press, 2000. 368 pp. $39.95.
ISBN 0-8078-2544-1.
western North Carolina by exploring a variety of topics including seces-
sionist sentiments, mobilization, guerrilla warfare, economics, slavery, and
the final military collapse of the region. Of special interest is their research
into womenTs roles during the war. Not only were women thrust into
leadership on family farms and small businesses, they were also frequently
the targets of roving gangs of thugs and, in the most bitter battles of all, .
the savage invectives of their neighbors. This latter fate was especially hard
on women who espoused the UnionTs cause.
Much of the research in the book comes from original documents and
letters. It is both refreshing and saddening to hear the voices of those who
endured the war years; there is a great poignancy in their pleas to the
governments in Raleigh and Richmond for relief from their suffering.
The authors have done an excellent job in covering a geographically
large area. This outstanding work offers a new perspective on the civilian
side of the war in North Carolina and should be purchased by all libraries
interested in the Civil War, North Caroliniana, and the Appalachian area. It
is suitable for high school as well as college level collections. The volume includes black-and-white maps
and photographs, notes, and an extensive bibliography.
80 " Fall 2000
"John Welch
State Library of North Carolina
North Carolina Libraries
hich North Carolina counties get the most tornadoes? Which have the
highest migration, average wages, number of international firms, ozone
levels? And when youTre trying to answer questions about North Carolina,
what are your preferences? Interesting text? Beautiful photographs? Statisti-
cal tables? Colorful maps? Exciting graphs? All of these? HereTs your book.
This is not a conventional atlas arranged by geography; rather, itTs an
analytical atlas where every chapter has a theme: the natural environment, history,
population, education, health, culture, economy, agriculture, mining, manufacturing,
transportation and utilities, government and politics, crime, and tourism. Each chapter
analyzes long-term trends, provides historical background and context, discusses current
issues, and speculates on future trends and challenges. The text is enhanced with colorful
photos, tables, maps, and graphs. Under oTransportation and Utilities,� for instance, maps
show percent of vehicle registration increase by county, volume of traffic, bridge condi-
tions, pavement conditions, highway improvements, and truck
volume. Tables and figures present data on highways, urban
public transit systems, and travel. Bibliographical references
Douglas M. Orr, Jr., and Alfred W. Stuart, editors direct readers interested in more information and detailed
oie : ~ ; statistics.
The North Carolina Atlas: Another feature is a collection of short essays, some by
Portrait for a
well-known North Carolinians. Charles Kuralt remembers his
New ag en tury. childhood in Dare County, William Friday discusses higher
education, former governors Robert W. Scott and James Martin
Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000. write about politics, Tom Wicker talks about growing up in
461 pp. $45.00. ISBN 0-8078-2507-7. Hamlet, and Doris Betts muses on the literary renaissance in
North Carolina. Topics of other essays include aquaculture,
banking, challenges of the new century, famous labor disputes,
tobacco, urban terminology, and women in the workforce. In
the final chapter, Orr and Stuart look at the future in relation
to economic change, population change, the urban/rural balance, regionalism and plan-
ning, sustainable development and osmart� growth, and new geographic divisions in the
state. They conclude: oThe challenge of thinking and planning in this twenty-first century
context will call for creative thinking within a whole new paradigm.�
Douglas M. Orr, Jr., is president of Warren Wilson College in Asheville; Alfred W. Stuart
is Professor of Geography at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Orr and Stuart
also edited the 1975 publication, North Carolina Atlas: Portrait of a Southern State. Many of
the contributors to the current atlas are from the Department of Geography and Earth
Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Other contributors are faculty mem-
bers at various University of North Carolina campuses, as well as professors from Virginia
and Florida.
The goal of the editors of the North Carolina Atlas was to enhance our understanding
of this changing state so that citizens and policy makers can approach the future in a more
rational and informed manner. They have certainly achieved this goal, and this important
work should be available in school, public, and special libraries in North Carolina.
" Michael Van Fossen
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
¢ Over 21,000 Current & Backlist Titles M ; MFORD
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for yourself.�
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MUMFORD LIBRARY BOOKS, SOUTHEAST, INC.
(904) 737-2649
North Carolina Libraries
7847 Bayberry Road * Jacksonville, Florida 32256
FAX: (904) 730-8913 1-800-367-3927
Fall 2000 " 81
f you are not already convinced that North Carolina is the ogoodliest land,�
you will be persuaded once you have read this book. Edited by Dirk
Frankenberg, late professor in the Marine Science Program at UNC-Chapel Hill
(he died shortly after completing this book), the guide begins at the coast of
North Carolina and moves across the state, ending in the Southwest corner.
According to the preface, the purpose of the book is oto present driving tours
of some of the stateTs most attractive and interesting natural areas, identify learning
experiences in each tour, and make the tours and experiences accessible to a wide
general audience, from school children to adults.� The book succeeds admirably,
describing the natural wealth and unique features of North Carolina in
thirty-eight easily understood essays grouped into four sections (coast,
Dirk Frankenberg, ed. coastal plain, Piedmont, and mountains).
FrankenbergTs introduction serves as an overview of North CarolinaTs
Explor ing North CarolinaTs geology, climate, plants, and animals. Each of the essays that follows
provides a detailed driving tour " generally requiring a day or less to
Natural Areas: complete " and identifies the specific ecological lesson to be learned
therein. Each chapter includes a detailed map of the tour route with
Parks yj Nature Preser ves, stops clearly marked, discussion of the geology and animal and plant life
Chapel Hill and London: The University of
North Carolina Press, 2000.
of each area, and a description of the effects on the area of climate,
an d H ! ki ng Tr al Is ~ weather events, and development by humans. The tour descriptions are
frequently enhanced with historical information about the region. The
authors include hiking and biking trails located along the tour routes,
412 pp. $18.95 (paper). ISBN 0-8078-4851-4. and often identify overnight accommodations for the longer tours. They
Communists on Campus:
also include the phone numbers for park or forest offices where specific
hours, events, and fees may be determined.
Frankenberg, who has written several books on the marine life and
coastal ecology of North Carolina, wrote nearly all of the chapters about
tours of the coast. Leading naturalists in the state wrote the remaining chapters.
The book is well organized and interestingly written. Chapters are liberally illus-
trated with black-and-white photographs of features described in the text. Frankenberg
has written a concluding section of oSuggestions for Further Reading,� which will be
most helpful to those whose curiosity is piqued by the tours. An index is also provided.
Because these essays were independently written and designed to stand alone, there is
some repetition. For instance, the term opocosin� is defined in several chapters. This
repetition, however, is necessary for those who may choose only specific tours.
This excellent work detailing the rich natural diversity of North Carolina deserves a
place in all public and academic libraries in the state. High school science teachers
planning field trips will also find it most useful.
"Joline R. Ezzell
Duke University Library
ar Heel readers will find high drama in our own back yard, mixed with
meticulously documented history, in Communists on Campus: Race, Politics,
and the Public University in Sixties North Carolina. Author William J.
Billingsley focuses on the 1963 oSpeaker Ban� Law passed by the North
Carolina General Assembly. Prominent characters in the cast include Jesse
Helms, William Friday, Terry Sanford, Frank Porter Graham, George Wallace, J. Edgar
Hoover, and Governor Dan Moore.
Billingsley begins with the passing of House Bill
1395, oAn Act to Regulate Visiting Speakers at State
Supported Colleges and Universities,� on June 25, 1963.
William J. Billingsley. The law made it illegal for any speaker to appear at a state-
funded college in North Carolina if the speaker was oa
known member of the Communist Party,� or oknown to
R ace Po litics an d th e Pu b lic advocate the overthrow of the Constitution of the United
7 7
States or the State of North Carolina� or had opleaded the
Un iversity i n S i xties No rth Ca ro lin a. Fifth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States
in refusing to answer any question, with respect to
Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press, 1999. communist or subversive connections.�
82 " Fall 2000
336 pp. $ 29.95. ISBN 0-8203-2109-5. Obvious factors leading to the passage of the Speaker
Ban include the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Bay of Pigs
invasion, which had heightened awareness of Communist
North Carolina Libraries
influences near the United States as well as within the country. The Joseph McCarthy hearings
were recent events, and Civil Rights demonstrations were on the rise. Both Black and White
activists were calling for immediate abolition of Jim Crow laws. In the context of all this turbu-
lence, Billingsley portrays the Speaker Ban Law as a reactionary measure passed by conservatives to
maintain the status quo in the social and political fabric of North Carolina.
The Speaker Ban Law hit a major obstacle when the Southern Association of Colleges and
Schools (SACS) threatened to deny accreditation to the University of North Carolina unless the law
was altered. SACS required that university trustees have authority over speakers invited to cam-
puses, rather than the government having that power by force of law. The law was ultimately
judged as constitutionally flawed and repealed in 1968.
This book includes extensive notes and bibliography, index, and an eight-page inset of
illustrations. It is a very well thought-out work of scholarly research with a dramatic undertone,
and would work well as a reading in college level North Carolina history classes. It is also appropri-
ate for public library and university library collections on North Carolina history, as a resource for
individuals wanting to learn the history of North CarolinaTs civil rights development.
"John Zika
Public Library of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County
iamese Twins Chang and Eng have been a topic of fascination, fear, and suspicion since
they were born in Siam (now Thailand) in 1811. They were born conjoined at their
chests by a cartilaginous ligament. At first merely a curiosity in Siam, they were intro-
duced to the rest of the world after they were odiscovered� by Robert Hunter, a Scottish
merchant.
Chang and Eng is StraussTs first novel. He writes about the lives of the worldTs most
famous conjoined twins from EngTs perspective, in a fluid narrative that draws the reader into the
story. StraussTs account includes not only major and minor events from the real twinsT lives but
also many historical details that flesh out the novel very convincingly. It is interesting to note
what Strauss leaves out of his fictionalized account, such as the fact that the twins had seven
siblings, and that they were discovered by Robert Hunter, not Abel Coffin,
the captain of the ship on which they traveled to Boston. These inconsis-
Darin Strauss. tencies are merely a reminder that the book is a novel and not EngTs diary,
which is often easy to forget!
Chang and E ng: A Novel. Particularly enjoyable portions of Chang and Eng are set in Surry and
New York: Dutton, 2000.
323 pp. $23.95. ISBN 0-5259-4512-1.
Wilkes Counties, North Carolina, where the brothers retired and married
the Yates sisters. Strauss creates a very convincing picture of how difficult
life must have been for the twins in the very rural town of Wilkesboro.
The author also manages to convey the twinsT closeness and the major
differences in their personalities; their desire to remain conjoined as
Joanne Martell. children and desire for disunion later in life.
MartellTs Millie-Christine: Fearfully and Wonderfully Made is an account
M i I [ i e- Ch r is ti ne: F ear. ft Uu I y of the lives of Millie and Christine McKoy, conjoined twins born in
Columbus County, North Carolina, in 1851. Joined at the lower spine, the
an d Won derfi ul y M ade. sisters were born into slavery, but became so successful touring and
Winston-Salem: John F. Blair, Publisher, 2000. entertaining audiences around the world that they were eventually able to
294 pp Paper, $12.95. ISBN 0-89 58-7188-2. buy the farm on which their entire family had been held as slaves.
"Cloth, $17.95. ISBN 0-8958-7194-7. Martell became interested in the history of Millie and Christine
North Carolina Libraries
McKoy after discovering a booklet about the twins in a library in
Whiteville, North Carolina. Her history is the most comprehensive
available concerning Millie-Christine and their truly fascinating lives
together. Their careers as exhibitionists were possibly more successful than that of Eng and Chang,
yet few people have taken enough interest to record their story. They were considered beautiful,
refined, and talented by some, and horrific by others. They entertained royalty and befriended a
host of the side-show personalities that performed with them. Martell manages to pack in a great
deal of information about her subjectsT lives and careers, but has a tendency to make unnecessary
conclusions about events and motivations. The book includes many black-and-white illustrations,
an index and a bibliography; however, because the author failed to add endnotes to her history,
readers may feel that she relies too heavily on too few sources.
Both Chang and Eng; A Novel and Millie-Christine: Fearfully and Wonderfully Made would make
excellent additions to any public library. Academic libraries may want to consider both volumes
for their popular reading collections.
"John F. Ansley
Durham County Library North Carolina Collection
Fall 2000 " 87
Home Across the Road.
ally ReddTs son was sold in 1861. Fathered by their master, Jennis Redd, he was falsely accused
of stealing a pair of earrings from JennisTs wife, who had seized the chance to remove this
daily reminder of her husbandTs infidelity. Saddened and enraged, Cally reasoned: oIf ITm go-
ing to lose my boy to a pair of earrings, then I am damn well going to have those earrings,� so
she stole the earrings herself and buried them in her cabin. The earrings, like their story, were
handed down from one generation to the next.
Nancy PeacockTs most recent novel, Home Across the Road, tells this tale through the voice of
CallyTs great-granddaughter, China. From her front porch across the street from the old Roseberry
Plantation, China spends her final days recalling the histories of the family who lived and worked
there: the owhite Redds,� who owned the house, and the oblack Redds,� who served them first in sla-
very and then in freedom.
ChinaTs perspective of Roseberry is very different from the aristocratic image
the white owners of the home attempt to portray, revealing the more intimate
Nancy Peacock. details of life in the house. Though China recalls hard times, her tales also dem-
onstrate the strength of the oblack Redds.� Her memories chronicle successive
generationsT struggle for independence, from emancipation to their complete
Atlanta: Longstreet Press, 1999. break with Roseberry. China also outlines the deterioration of the White branch
249 pp. $18.95. ISBN: 1-56352-509-7. of the family: the alcoholism, infidelity, child abuse, and financial woes that lead
to its downfall. China subtly reveals that though they believed themselves supe-
rior to their servant-cousins, members of the White family were largely depen-
dent upon the strength of the Black branch for survival. In fact, as soon as China and her family
completely withdraw from the White Redds, that branch literally shrivels and dies.
Ms. Peacock does a remarkable job of portraying various characters, their stories and emotions.
Like her first novel, Life Without Water, this is a coming-of-age story, but one that examines the devel-
opment of multiple characters over several generations. Because the author channels commentary
through a modern character, she is able to jump successfully from past to present, constructing an
even more intriguing and powerful story. Most of the characters are richer and deeper than those in
her first novel. Through them, Ms. Peacock artfully explores the story not only of the Redds, but also
that of race relations in the South.
The novelTs captivating look at southern families makes it well-suited for public, high school, and
other academic libraries. Set in North Carolina, the book is also appropriate for any special library
concerned with the collection of southern works.
" Laura Young Baxley
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
hen Lindy JainTs older sister, June, is found murdered in her home, LindyTs life in Charlotte,
North Carolina, begins to unravel. Everything in her life becomes informed by grief " her ca-
reer as a nurse in a major medical center, her impending marriage, her remaining family "
and grief is not a rational emotion. As the months pass and LindyTs grief does not recede, she
lets go of her job, her fiancé, her family ties, until almost nothing connects her to who and
what she was before her sisterTs death. And since she believes a heart as badly damaged as her own may
as well be broken completely, she determines to leave her life behind, and sets out to do so, without a
word to anyone, taking with her only the one thing that still remains of her sister, her baby son.
oThere are parts of LindyTs mind that donTt necessarily meet, one thing not always leading to an-
other.� And so it is with her story " instead of following a linear progression of events and their atten-
dant emotions, we wander across an emotional landscape on a faint path illuminated by the authorTs
lyrical evocation of the main characterTs thoughts and feelings. We, like Lindy, may wonder where ex-
actly we are, but we are never really lost.
Ashley Warlick. LindyTs odyssey into the past to find anew beginning starts with a car aban-
doned on the wrong side of town, a window broken, a childTs car seat empty. Her
The Summer A fter i une. physical journey terminates in Galveston, Texas, at her grandmother EstherTs
huge, vacant house, the house where she and June spent their childhood sum-
Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Co., 2000. mers. It is a place she associates with happiness, innocence, hope, and possibility.
254 pp. $23.00. ISBN 0395926904. It is here she feels she can start over, as an aunt, if not a sister. When she recon-
84 " Fall 2000
nects (and falls in love) with Orrin Cordray, the son of her grandmother's gar-
dener and a constant third in those summers with June, and her grandmother, now in a nursing home,
she gradually and inexorably comes to realize that the past and the present are not subject to separa-
tion. We may not be able to go home again, but neither can we ever completely escape it.
Ashley WarlickTs first novel, The Distance from the Heart of Things, made her the youngest-ever re-
cipient of the Houghton Mifflin Literary Fellowship Award, and this, her second book, proves that ac-
complishment was not a fluke.
" Samantha Hunt
New Hanover County Public Library
North Carolina Libraries
Remembering Charles Kuralt.
e was smart. He could write about anything and it was magic. From childhood, he had
the most wonderful voice, warm and rich and deep. Busy people stopped what they
were doing to hear his stories. Most of all, he listened. He was interested in every-
thing you had to say, whether the conversation was the state of the nation or the va-
garies of raising corn. He was Charles Kuralt, and there was no one else like him.
Remembering Charles Kuralt is not a biography, but a series of loosely chronological reminiscences
of the many friends and colleagues interviewed by Grizzle, a contributing editor to North CarolinaTs
Our State magazine. Using his own voice, but heavily sprinkling the text with quotations from the
interviews and other sources, Grizzle follows Kuralt from his boyhood in North Carolina through
his outstanding broadcasting career to his untimely death in 1997.
Early on Kuralt knew he wanted to be a journalist. He published his
own newspaper from about the age of seven, selling it to neighbors for a
few cents a copy. As a teenager he wrote for the Charlotte News, the cityTs
afternoon paper, and he had a radio show on WAYS at age 13. At UNC-
Ralph Grizzle.
Asheville: Kenilworth Media, 2000. Chapel Hill he was elected editor of The Daily Tar Heel, then returned to
259 pp. $25.00. ISBN 0-9679096-0-0. the Charlotte News. When his oPeople� column earned the 23-year-old
the prestigious Ernie Pyle Memorial Award and CBS sent him a letter of
congratulations, he wrote back, oIf you really mean you're impressed by
this, isnTt there something you could do?� CBS came through with a job in their radio newsroom,
the stomping ground of KuraltTs hero, Edward R. Murrow. By 1960 Kuralt was named the host of
Eyewitness to History, and CBS approved his idea for On the Road in1967. The first telecast, a two-
minute piece from a side road in Vermont, began, oIt is death that causes this blinding show of
color. But it is a fierce and flaming death.� CBS loved it.
Kuralt stayed with CBS for 37 years, mostly doing the American snapshot mini-documentaries
at which he excelled, but the crushing work load, chain smoking, and poor eating habits finally
caught up with him. He was tired, the constant stress of meeting his own impossibly high stan-
dards all those years taking its toll. He resigned in 1994, and died, appropriately enough, on July 4,
1997. His friend Bill Friday honored his wish to be buried in Chapel Hill.
This book should be in every library. It is easy to read, insightful, and especially valuable for
the photographs and the inclusion of some of KuraltTs writing. Given the transitory nature of
broadcast media, it is sorrowfully likely that much of his work will be lost.
" Suzanne Wise
Appalachian State University
John Higgins, Sales Representative
P.O. Box 21011
Columbia SC 29221
1-800-222-9086
Fax: 803-731-0320
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Ge QUALITY BOOKS INC.
North Carolina Libraries
Fall 2000 " 89
66
ouTre not smart enough to be a farmer, boy. YouTd better be a banker.� His fatherTs words rang
in the ears of Hugh McColl, Jr., as he reluctantly reported for work at the American Commer-
cial Bank in Charlotte on September 1, 1959.
Hugh McColl, Jr., was born in Bennettsville, South Carolina, great-grandson of Confeder-
ate veteran Duncan Donald McColl, who after the war went on to become a widely revered
citizen of the town, a magistrate, banker, and manufacturer, credited with guiding
Bennettsville through the uncertain years of Reconstruction. McCollTs heritage was one of
civic responsibility, commitment, courage, and excellence. His own area of expertise, during his
peacetime Marine Corps service and later as a student at the University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill, was poker.
Hugh McColl eventually found his stride, however. Married with his first child on the way, he
learned the banking business from the bottom up, putting in long hours on the road tending to
clients and looking for new business. Within the year, American Commercial Bank and Security
National of Greensboro merged to produce North Carolina National Bank.
Addison Reese, the director of the new entity, intended to obeat The
Ross Yockey. Wachovia,� the only other bank in North Carolina operating in more than one
county, the state governmentTs bank, and one of the most important banks in
M C G oll: The Man wi th the Southeast. Reese was a strong proponent of diversity in his workforce long
before it was fashionable or even acceptable. His inclusion of minorities and
AmericaTs M oney. women resonated with McColl, who would make it a key element of his own
corporate commitment in the years to come.
Marietta, GA.: Longstreet, Inc., 1999. North Carolina National Bank formed the holding company NCNB in 1968,
636 pp. $40.00 . ISBN 1-56352-539-9. and opened a branch in London in 1971. By 1980 NCNB was the largest bank in
North Carolina, unquestionably surpassing oThe Wachovia.� Under the leader-
ship of McColl, who became chairman in 1983, NCNB became the first southern
bank to span six states. In 1991 NCNB renamed itself NationsBank, for the first
time leaving North Carolina completely out of its title. 1998 brought a merger with BankAmerica,
and in 1999 the name changed to the present Bank of America.
Ross YockeyTs McColl: The Man with AmericaTs Money is a fascinating chronicle of a smart man
dogged by insecurities, who compensated with an aggressive ambition that made him the CEO of
the nationTs largest bank. It offers a snapshot of banking in the hectic decades of the ~60s, ~70s
and ~80s.
Ross Yockey lives in Charlotte, is an experienced newspaper and television journalist, and has
authored biographies of orchestra conductors Zubin Mehta and Andre Previn. He acknowledges his
debt to Harold CovingtonTs The Story of Nationsbank (UNC Press, 1993) and to the rich archival
materials on the bank and the McColl family available at UNC-Chapel Hill. Ultimately, though,
the book draws most heavily on the memories of McColl, his employees, associates, and some
family members for its vitality. This biography is sympathetic, attempting to place the reader
inside McCollTs head as he strategizes, reacts, and attacks. The writing is breezy and fast-paced, so
readers may find themselves mentally casting the movie version.
There is still plenty of room for a more objective, authoritative biography of this significant
Tar Heel, recently ranked number one in Business North Carolina magazine's 1999 list of North
CarolinaTs most powerful people. Nonetheless, readers with an interest in North Carolina banking
and the man who has dominated it will find this book absorbing. McColl: the Man With AmericaTs
Money should find a place on the shelf of public and academic libraries alike.
" Bryna Coonin
East Carolina University
Tired of making opermanent loans?�
Ralph M. Davis, Sales Representative
P.O. Box 144 |
Rockingham, NC 28379
1-800-545-2714
3 a hec, ointT Tomorrow's Technology for TodayTs Libraries�"�
Sie en ae p} 550 Grove Road ¢ P.O. Box 188 * Thorofare, New Jersey 08086
86 " Fall 2000
(800) 257-5540 * TELEX: 84-5396 * FAX: (609) 848-0937
North Carolina Libraries
here is a line on the MinotaurTs body. It separates where his bull head meets the rest of his hu-
man frame. That line, that demarcation, aches. It chafes, peels, and splits. The Minotaur tends
that line daily, washing it, rubbing it in balm.
This slow-ache of a line is the crux of Steven SherrillTs first book.
Yes, heTs the same Minotaur weTve always known, creature of the Cretan labyrinth, the
love child of Pasiphae and what must have been a quite handsome member of the stockyard.
In Steven SherrillTs account, this mythic devourer of virgins struck a deal with Theseus, pretended to be
slain, and then spent the next 5,000 years wandering from place to place. When the readers meet him, it
is 1990, and oM ,� as his friends call him, is living at the Lucky-U Trailer Estates in Piedmont, NC, driving
a 1975 Vega hatchback, and slinging food at a steakhouse called GrubTs
Rib.
Steven Sherrill. Stranger things have happened.
Not that anyone in SherrillTs book thinks it strange that the local
Th e M m ota ur Ta kes a carver of steaks sports a hairy head, two horns, and a tongue too cum-
Winston-Salem: John F. Blair, Publisher, 2000.
313 pp. $19.95. ISBN 0-89587-197-1.
° bersome to wrap around the intricacies of most human speech. He is a
Cig arette Br eak. curiosity to ee if he is anything at all. Not feared a hated, as he
has been in previous centuries, simply tolerated.
We know M's neighbors. We know his co-workers. They own
junkyards, walk around in their boxer shorts, and yell out the back
window at their kids. They wait tables. They fix cars. They move, and
M helps carry the boxes. Because M is tolerated, because almost no one
looks twice at him, this book works. SherrillTs ability to weave the strangeness of the situation, the very
otherness of a mythic beast, into the everyday, baked-potato-and-T-bone world of the suburban, lower
middle-class South, is nothing less than Art. Art with a capital oA.� SherrillTs depiction of behind-the-
scenes restaurant work is especially noteworthy: the rush, the sweat, the slippery floors, the stinking gar-
bage, and the petty waiter rivalries and juvenile dishwasher intrigues.
Even though the world seems changeless to the immortal half-man/half-bull, the reader knows some-
thing is about to happen. Something is about to change in MTs life. As M goes into work, mends his
clothes, and works on his car, as he tends his bodyTs chafing line of separation, we wait. Sherrill subtly
and expertly creates the suspense. When the event happens, when that change takes place, we are al-
lowed to see it from MTs perspective, and we know that this too will be subsumed, the centuries will roll
on, and still M will wander on, will tend his aching line.
Where mythology meets the mundane, there is a line. And there is Steven SherrillTs story.
" Kevin Cherry
State Library of North Carolina
ae
THE LEADER LN INTEGRATED INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
AE II TN I IE EIT TIT SI NT saan Sea ela Ps aha eiteedteiansecaetumeres namie nesneanatichenin oe Sean eer cae
North Carolina Libraries
Fall 2000 " 87
OTHER PUBLICATIONS OF INTEREST ...
Dr. John M. Hall, a dentist in Clarkton, North Carolina, writes
about surviving and transcending a childhood of physical and
emotional abuse as a member of an extremely separatist fam-
ily church in Betrayal and Escape. This highly personal account
will inspire and affirm other survivors. (2000; Vantage Press,
Inc., 516 West 34th Street, New York, New York 10001; 286 pp.;
paper, $13.95; ISBN 0-533-13228-2.)
In Outer Banks Architecture: An Anthology of Outposts, Lodges, and
Cottages, Marimar McNaughton sets out to preserve the record
of the native architecture of the area, and to tell the stories of
the people who live there. With black-and-white photographs.
(2000; John F. Blair, Publisher, 1406 Plaza Drive, Winston Sa-
lem, NC 27103;114 pp.; paper, $14.95; ISBN 0-89587-192-0.)
Volume XI of The Papers of General Nathanael Greene is now
available, including 1,032 documents from April-September of
1782. Dennis M. Conrad is the editor. (2000; The University of
North Carolina Press, P. O. Box 2288, Chapel Hill, NC 27515-
2288; 811 pp.; cloth, $95.00; ISBN 0-8078-2551-4.)
Allen Paul Speer and Janet Barton Speer have compiled the let-
ters and diaries of two antebellum Piedmont North Carolina
sisters, Jennie and Ann Speer. Sisters of Providence: The Search for
God in the Frontier South (1834-1858) provides a window on
their spiritual, intellectual, and social lives. A section of fam-
ily photographs is included. (2000; The Overmountain Press,
P.O. Box 1261, Johnson City, TN 37605; 290 pp.; paper, rhe 93;
ISBN 1-57072-158-0.)
Celebrating the centennary of Thomas WolfeTs birth, the origi-
nal, unabridged version of the novel that the world knows as
Look Homeward, Angel will be released this October under the
title O Lost: A Story of the Buried Life. Editors Arlyn and Matthew
J. Bruccoli have restored the material cut by Maxwell Perkins
in the original 1929 publication. (2000; University of South
Carolina Press, 937 Assembly Street, Carolina Plaza, 8th Floor,
Columbia, SC 29208; 65 pp.; paper, $29.95; ISBN 1-57003-369-2.)
David CecelskiTs essays about ferreting out obscure oral histo-
ries, travel journals, and lost memoirs of coastal North Caro-
lina have been a feature in Coastwatch magazine. They are col-
lected, with black-and-white photographs and illustrations, in
A HistorianTs Coast: Adventures into the Tidewater Past. ( 2000;
John F. Blair, Publisher, 1406 Plaza Drive, Winston Salem, NC
27103; 184 pp.; paper, $16.95; ISBN 0-89587-189-0.)
Robert S. Neale has written a local history of The Bank of Cape
Fear of Wilmington, North Carolina. (1999; The Lower Cape Fear
Historical Society, The Latimer House, 126 South Third Street,
Wilmington, NC 18401; 130 pp. $15.00; ISBN 0-9673815-2-5.)
Vision Quest: A Visual Journey Through North CarolinaTs Lower
Roanoke River Basin is a labor of love and three yearsT work by
Carl V. Galie, Jr. The project was funded by an Emerging Art-
ist Grant from the Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Arts Coun-
cil. In four brief essays and a series of truly luminous, breath-
taking, mostly full-page photographs, Galie makes an impas-
sioned case for conservation of an area the Nature Conser-
vancy has designated as one of the oLast Great Places.� A map
of the area in question decorates the back cover of the dust
jacket. (1998; Red Maple Press, P. O. Box 20143, Winston-Sa-
lem, NC 27120; unpaginated, about 80 pp.; cloth, $29.95;
ISBN 0-9669876-0-8.)
88 " Fall 2000
Marianne Gingher, author and writing professor at the Univer-
sity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, has compiled a whimsi-
cal list of instructions on How to Have a Happy Childhood. I1-
Iustrated with family photographs and graphics, the text is a
mixture of the philosophical (reason not to kill a black widow
spider: oSmashing something you fear is always less illuminat-
ing than learning to live in proximity with its tiny wicked strat-
egies.�), the sentimental (oHave a best friend and love her for
how she brings out the best in you.�), the practical (oYour
brothers will want to play Fifty-Two Card Pickup, but donTt
agree to it�), and the mischievous (opretend that the kitchen
counter-tops are cliffs or mountain tops. Scale them in your
bare feet.�) ChildrenTs collections may find a place for this small
volume, but its primary use will be as a gift. (2000; Zuckerman
Cannon Publishers, distributed by John F. Blair, Publisher, 1406
Plaza Drive, Winston Salem, NC 27103; unpaginated, about 60
pp.; cloth, $16.00; ISBN 0-9664316-1-8.)
Alan StoudemireTs memoir of an interracial friendship between
two boys growing up in Lincolnton, North Carolina, is titled
A Place at the Table. Begun when his friend Boyce Blake died
of Lou GehrigTs Disease in 1997, the book was written during
his own treatment for melanoma, and completed not long be-
fore his own death at age 49. (2000; Cherokee Publishing Com-
pany, P.O. Box 1730, Marietta, GA 30061-1730; 260 pp.; cloth,
$26.95; ISBN 0-87797-287-7.)
Christopher CamutoTs Another Country: Journeying Toward the
Cherokee Mountains has been reissued in paperback. It was origi-
nally published by Henry Holt in 1997, and previously re-
viewed in North Carolina Libraries, Spring 1998. (2000; The
University of Georgia Press, 330 Research Dr, Athens, GA
30602-4901; 351 pp.; paper, $16.95; ISBN 0-8203-2237-7.)
Thomas H. Thornburg, An Introduction to Law for North Caro-
linians. 2nd edition. (2000; Institute of Government, C.B. 3330
Knapp Building, The University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3330; 23 pp.; paper, $11.00; ISBN
1-56011-374-X)
David M. Lawrence. Economic Development Law for North Caro-
lina Local Governments. (2000; Institute of Government, The
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
27599-3330; 185 pp.; paper, $25.00; ISBN 1-56011-364-2)
William A. Campbell. North Carolina Guidebook for Registers of
Deeds. 8th edition. (2000; Institute of Government, The Uni-
versity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
27599-3330; 199 pp.; paper, $24.50; ISBN 1-56011-353-7.)
Professor Charles Royster does an outstanding job of chroni-
cling the life and times of the colonial Virginia magnates whose
mixture of greed, intrigue, and speculation rivaled anything
that modern-day America has to offer in The Fabulous History
of the Dismal Swamp Company: A Story of George WashingtonTs
Times. Though not a history of the Dismal Swamp itself, this
work shows again how even the mighty can get caught up in
quicksand of their own making. This is historical writing at its
best"a real page turner. It belongs in all public library collec-
tions, especially those interested in northeastern North Caro-
lina and southside Virginia. Libraries seeking a more popular
history of the Swamp itself should purchase copies of Bland
SimpsonTs The Great Dismal. (2000; Knopf, 201 E. 50th St, New
York, NY; 622 pp.; $35.00; ISBN 0-679-43345-7.)
North Carolina Libraries
The cinemaTs marquee and drop-off
canopy were removed and replaced with
a new olibrary marquee.� The display
cases for coming attractions were
retained; the library staff uses them to
promote new materials and services.
Renovating the theater involved some
special challenges, however, such as
requiring 14 tons of rock to level the
slanted floors.
the county on a long-term basis.
The Reynolda Cinema, a triple theater in Forsyth
County, closed in January 1997 because it was
no longer able to compete with newer multi-
plexes in the area. At the same time, the
Reynolda Manor Branch Library had
become inadequate to serve the needs of its
growing clientele. An innovative public/private
partnership allowed the cinema to be renovated
into a new branch library that opened in May
1998. The building, which belongs to the
owners of a nearby shopping center, is leased to
Large windows were added to the exterior walls to bring light and views to the interior. Vaulted ceilings were used to take advan-
tage of the volume of space. Heavy timbers above the partition walls provide visual support and help create a warm environment.
Thanks to Don Dwiggins of the Forsyth County Public Library for the above photographs. If you have suggestions for photographs of library buildings
or activities that could be shared through this column, please contact Joline Ezzell at (919) 660-5925 or joline.ezzell@duke.edu.
North Carolina Libraries
Fall 2000 " 89
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is something that never stales with age.
But the complex task of organizing all
of the services you offer is not an easy
rs
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established, where you designate your
fundamental choices in an area such as
cataloging, which provides various
classification options and standards.
Processing your order can also be an
intricate undertaking. Baker & Taylor
options include theft detection devices,
mylar jackets, book pockets, spine labels,
label protectors, bar code labels, and
automated records, to name a few.
ItTs been said that everything in the
world ends up in a book. Call Baker &
Taylor. We'll help you get it all on your
shelves and in circulation so your
patrons can easily find what they need.
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Information and Entertainment Services
800-775-1800
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hi
90 " Fall 2000 North Carolina Libraries
NorTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
MINUTES OF THE EXECUTIVE BOARD
July 21, 2000
Greensboro Public Library
Attending: Phil Barton, Pauletta Bracy, Ann Burlingame, Pam Burton, Robert Canida II, Kevin Cherry, Sue
Cody, Maureen Costello, Martha Davis, Joline Ezzell, Dave Fergusson, Margaret Foote, Beverley Gass, Karen
Gavigan, Ross Holt, Gerald Holmes, Peggy Hoon, Mary Horton, Al Jones, Diane Kester, Frances Lampley,
Flizabeth Laney, Marian Lindsay, Peggy Markham, Marilyn Miller, Carrie Nichols, Peggy Quinn, Melinda
Ratchford, Susan Smith, Brenda Stephens, Benjamin Speller, Lovenia Summerville, Jerry Thrasher, John Via,
Catherine Wilkinson, John Zika
Call to Order:
President Al Jones called the meeting to
order at 10:00 a.m. The first order of
business was to recognize Jerry Thrasher
for his contribution to North Carolina
libraries and to acknowledge his award
for LJ Librarian of the Year.
Approval of Minutes for April 14, 2000:
Two corrections were noted and ap-
proved. Melinda Ratchford, who made
the NCASL report, is immediate past-
chair of the section. Under Committee
Reports, the accurate name for the ad-
hoc group on charter schools is the Com-
mittee on Charter Schools. The minutes
were approved as amended.
PresidentTs Report:
Full report: www.mindspring.com/~ncla/
july2000/president.htm
Dr. Jones began his report with an update
on the March meeting of the Commis-
sion on School Librarians. With facilita-
tion by library consultant Lou
Wetherbee, the commission recom-
mended eliminating the per capita con-
tribution that sections and round tables
make to NCLA from conference and
workshop registrations. The commission
also recommended that the biennial con-
ference committee take care of overhead
charges for meetings presented at the
conference. These recommendations
were presented for a vote under New
Business. The commission also met in
June to discuss the possibility of directing
more of the dues NCLA members pay to
the sections and round tables they join.
This change may require making North
Carolina Libraries an additional cost for
subscribers. The commission members
North Carolina Libraries
also discussed the issue of financial au-
tonomy over funds for sections and
round tables. These suggestions were re-
ferred to the Finance Committee for fur-
ther discussion.
The Finance Committee met on July
17, 2000, but key parties Frances
Bradburn and Karen Gavigan were not
able to attend. The discussion of options
for the publication of North Carolina Li-
braries, including an online option, will
be continued in future meetings. On the
issue of financial autonomy, the Ameri-
can Library Association was contacted.
Divisions of ALA do not have access to
their accounts. ~The finance committee
suggested NCASL investigate legal and
financial options for separating the
groupTs funds.
Dr. Jones reported on the issue of
using the NCLA name as a program
sponsor. In response to questions about
the Very Best Place to Start program,
which listed NCLA as its sponsor, State
Librarian Sandy Cooper explained that
the State Library cannot be a sponsoring
agent for LSTA funds, so as administrator
of the funds, NCLA became the sponsor
of the program. Ross Holt commented
that a clearly stated policy on use of the
organizationTs name would clarify future
sponsorship issues. Diane Kester added
that contracts can also be written to
specify the terms of use of the name.
The relief fund for librarians affected
by Hurricane Floyd continues. Contribu-
tions can be sent to the NCLA office.
TreasurerTs Report
Treasurer Diane Kester submitted the
treasurerTs report, available at www.
mindspring.com/~ncla/shortbudget.html.
This table does not reflect registration
funds collected for 2nd quarter workshops
because the per capita contribution issue
was to be resolved at this meeting.
Section/Round Table Reports
ChildrenTs Services Section
Chair Ann Burlingame referred to the
Web page report www.mindspring.com/
~ncla/july2000/CSS.htm. The report
announces publication of the Chapbook
newsletterTs Summer issue. A conference
entitled oStorytelling and Beyond, Incor-
porating the Arts into Programming� is
planned for October 30-31, 2000 in
Brown Summit, NC.
College and University Section
Secretary/Treasurer Peggy Markham re-
ported on the sectionTs plans to co-spon-
sor a workshop on license agreements
with the Resources and Technical Ser-
vices Section. The meeting will be held
on October 13 at the Greensboro Public
Library.
Community and Junior College
Libraries Section
Vice Chair Peggy Quinn referred to the
Web page report www.mindspring.com/
~ncla/july2000/cjcs.htm. The report
announces a new initiative to increase
membership in the section and the deci-
sion to try to revitalize the section in-
stead of incorporating it into the College
and University Section. The CJCS is plan-
ning to co-sponsor a workshop on dis-
tance education with the College and
University Section. The workshop will be
held in Spring 2001.
Fall 2000 " 91
Documents Section
The sectionTs report is at
www.mindspring.com/~ncla/july2000/
Documents.htm. Chair Mary Horton
reported that approximately 52 attended
the May 12 workshop entitled oCensus
2000: Everything You Wanted to
Know ... But Were Afraid to Ask.�
Library Administration and Manage-
ment Section
Chair Martha Davis reported that the
sectionTs executive board will meet in
August.
North Carolina Association of School
Librarians
Past-chair Melinda Ratchford referred to
the Web page report www.mindspring.
com/~ncla/july2000/NCASL.html. The
North Carolina ChildrenTs Book Awards
are at http:www.ncasl.org.
NC Public Library Trustees Association
No report.
Public Library Section
Chair John Zika referred to the Web page
report www.mindspring.com/~ncla/
july2000/pls.htm. The board met on
June 5. Plans are underway to print a di-
rectory of the Technical Services Commit-
tee. Grassroots, the Young Adult Commit-
tee newsletter, may soon become an
online publication.
Reference and Adult Services Section
Vice-Chair Joline Ezzell referred to the
Web page report www.mindspring.com/
~ncla/july2000/rass.html. The board
met in June and began planning a work-
shop on serving oVirtual Patrons,� to be
held in the fall. The next meeting will be
in August.
Resources and Technical Services Section
Vice-Chair Margaret Foote referred to the
Web page report www.mindspring.com/
~ncla/july2000/rtsd3rd.htm. She noted
that the fall workshop on licensing of
databases, to be co-sponsored with the
College and University Section on Octo-
ber 13, will appeal to a wide range of li-
braries and library specialties.
New Members Round Table
Chair Marian Lindsay reported that the
board will meet in August.
NC Library Paraprofessional
Association
Chair Frances Lampley reported that the
board will meet in the fall.
Round Table for Ethnic Minority
Concerns
Chair Robert Canida referred to the Web
page report www.mindspring.com/
92 " Fall 2000
~ncla/july2000/remco.htm. A fall work-
shop on evaluating resources and services
is being planned.
Round Table on Special Collections
Chair Kevin Cherry reported that a work-
shop on standards and practices for digi-
tization will be offered at Lenoir Com-
munity College and at Lenoir, NC. Peggy
Hoon, Jerry Cotten, John Ainsley, and
Jan Blodgett will present sessions.
Round Table on the Status of Women
in Librarianship
Vice Chair Brenda Stephens referred to
the Web page report www.mindspring.
com/~ncla/july2000/rtswl.html. The
round table is sponsoring a workshop on
August 11 in Winston-Salem with guest
speaker Dr. Dudley Shearburn.
Technology and Trends Round Table
Chair Susan Smith referred to the Web
page report www.mindspring.com/
~ncla/july2000/rass.html. The spring
workshop oE-Toys or Geek Toys: Tools for
2000� drew 41 attendees who attended
sessions on e-books, palm pilots, wireless
networking, and digital cameras. TNT is
investigating future program collabora-
tions with MUGLNC and other NCLA
sections and round tables.
Committee Reports
Archives
Chair Carrie Nichols reported that the
committee continues to process the
records of the organization, with the cur-
rent focus on financial records and presi-
dential papers.
Committee on Charter Schools (ad-hoc)
Chair Patrick Valentine was unable to
attend, but the proposed resolution on
charter schools was introduced under
Old Business (see below).
Commission on School Librarians
The Commission update was given in the
PresidentTs Report (see above.)
Conference
Chair Ross Holt reported that the theme
for the 2001 biennial conference will be
olibraries@future.now.� Each section and
round table will soon be asked to identify
a program planner. Planning forms will
be available on the NCLA Web site and
will be mailed by September 1, 2000.
Kevin Cherry has created a request for
proposals for site selection for the 2005
conference. The Registration Subcommit-
tee recommends a $5.00 increase in con-
ference registration rates, excluding li-
brary school students. The last increase
was in 1997. Finance Committee Chair
Catherine Wilkinson noted that it is
cheaper for higher-salaried librarians to
pay the non-member fee than to become
a member of NCLA, and recommended
increasing the non-member rate. This
recommendation will be taken back to
the committee. The Exhibits Subcommit-
tee recommended an increase of $50 for
exhibit booths. Dave Fergusson suggested
raising the fee but reducing the differen-
tial for late registration.
Vice-President Ross Holt also re-
ported on his participation on an ALA
Chapter Relations panel discussion on
developing leaders at the ALA Confer-
ence. Michigan, New York, and Texas
also have leadership institutes. All the
leadership academies are different. We
need to examine other styles. NCLATs
mentoring program was unique among
the panelists. Our representation on the
panel indicates we are among the top
four state library associations in develop-
ing leaders for the profession.
Constitution, Codes and Handbook
Revision
The handbook has been posted on the
Web. It was commented that the use of
frames on the Web pages make printing
difficult. Al Jones and Maureen Costello
noted that the online version is not in-
tended to replace the paper copy of the
handbook, but will be very useful for
quick referral and will allow distribution
to a wider audience.
Development
Chair Elizabeth Laney referred to the
Web page report www.mindspring. com/
~ncla/july2000/devcommittee.html. The
committee will meet this summer to plan
building the NCLA Endowment Fund.
Finance
Chair Catherine Wilkinson introduced
recommendations made by the commit-
tee in response to issues identified by the
Commission on School Librarians. The
first recommendation is to repeal Stand-
ing Rule and Policy 2.2.8, thereby elimi-
nating the $5.00 per workshop attendant
contribution paid to NCLA. The second
recommendation is to repeal Standing
Rule and Policy 2.2.2 to increase the
amount of dues placed in section/round
table accounts from $4.00 to $5.00 per
capita. Recommendation 3 states that the
Conference Committee should budget
and pay for room, equipment, and secu-
rity expenses for the conference, rather
than each section or round table being
required to pay these expenses. Recom-
mendation 4 states that North Carolina
Libraries should continue to be a benefit
of membership without additional sub-
scription charges. Another recommenda-
tion of the committee is that the Com-
mission thoroughly investigate the legal
ramifications of multiple Employer Iden-
North Carolina Libraries
tification Numbers for independent trea-
suries for subunits of the organization.
Finally, in response to a Commission rec-
ommendation, project grants are now
the responsibility of the Finance Com-
mittee.
Governmental Relations
Chair Peggy Hoon reported that the
committee met in May to set goals. A
Web page for legislative issues is being
planned, as well as a survey to identify
NCLA membersT legislative districts and
concerns. The committee will also con-
sider development of a legislative
agenda for the organization. NCLA had
seven representatives at National Library
Legislative Days in Washington, D. C.
on May 1-2. In discussion, it was sug-
gested that the committee help the
membership by providing talking
points on legislative issues and advice
for working with the state legislature.
Jerry Thrasher noted that NCLIVE
funding will come up for approval
again soon, requiring continuing sup-
port for the project from legislators. It
was noted that public and school li-
braries also need advice on seeking
support from local commissioners and
council members. Additionally, we
need to cultivate support and alliances
with library user groups, such as genea-
logical associations.
Intellectual Freedom
Chair Jerry Thrasher referred to the Web
page report www.mindspring.com/
~ncla/july2000/ifc.html. The committee
has developed a form to report
intellectual freedom challenges. Internet
filter proposals are presenting new chal-
lenges to libraries, exemplified by a con-
troversy in Avery County, NC.
Leadership Institute
No report.
Literacy
Chair Pauletta Bracy reported that the
committee will meet in October.
Membership
Chair Peggy Quinn referred to the Web
page report www.mindspring.com/~ncla/
july2000/Membership.htm. The mem-
bership brochure is being revised, with
design by Gayle Fishel. A trifold tabletop
display board for use by the association
has been purchased. Guidelines for use of
the display unit will be developed.
Nominating
No report.
Publications and Marketing
Chair Pam Burton reported that newslet-
ter items are needed.
Scholarships
Chair Gerald Holmes reported that award
winners for scholarships and loans have
been selected. Angela M. Wilson (UNC at
Greensboro) was awarded the NCLA Me-
morial Scholarship. The Query-Long
Scholarship was awarded to Emily Stroud
Andrews (East Carolina University.)
McClendon Loan awards have been of-
fered to six students, and one has de-
clined. The students attend library pro-
grams at East Carolina University, North
Carolina Central University, and UNC at
Chapel Hill. Sixteen applications were
received, compared to twelve received in
1999. The awards will be announced to
newspapers and other media.
Special Projects
Ben Speller reported that a survey is be-
ing sent out relating to continuing edu-
cation needs of the membership.
Other Reports
North Carolina Libraries
A recent article about state library jour-
nals and their treatment of library his-
tory was published in the Journal of Li-
braries and Culture. The article
complimented our issue on historical
issues guest edited by Al Jones and Kevin
Cherry. Ross Holt added that the audi-
ence at the ALA Chapter Relations pro-
Broadfoot's has TWO Locations Serving Different Needs
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Phone: (800) 444-6963 ~ Fax: (919) 365-6008
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Phone: (800) 537-5243 ~ Fax: (910) 686-4379
MULTICULTURAL ee
SELECTIONS ecent Publications:
VISUALS
Spring & Fall Catalogs
Are you on our mailing list?
The Colonial & State Records of NC (30 vols.)
North Carolina Regiments (5 vols.)
Roster of Confederate Troops (16 vols.)
Tar Heel Treasures
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natives & newcomers
young & old
Supplement to the Official Records (100 vols.)
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North Carolina Libraries Fall 2000 " 9%
gram was impressed at the quality of our
publication.
ALA Councilor
No report.
SELA Councilor
Councilor John Via reported that the
SELA Conference will be held in coopera-
tion with the Georgia Council of Media
Organizations on October 13, 2000 in
Jekyll Island. There will be a NCLA hospi-
tality suite at the Ramada Inn. An issue
of the Southeastern Librarian is about to
be published.
Old Business
The Committee on Charter Schools pro-
posed a resolution concerning libraries in
charter schools. Elizabeth Laney moved
to accept the resolution. The motion was
seconded by Jerry Thrasher. During dis-
cussion, Marilyn Miller expressed con-
cern with some of the terminology in the
resolution and noted that little support-
ive data on library services in charter
schools were available. Following further
discussion, Dr. Bracy recommended that
more study of the issue is needed and
suggested that a position statement
would be a better format for the expres-
sion of our views than the proposed reso-
lution. Kevin Cherry recommended an
approach that seeks to educate school
officials on the value of media centers,
working with a view toward collabora-
tion rather than confrontation. For in-
stance, although charter school students
may arrange to use public libraries, the
instructional services that media centers
provide to classes and other groups are
not typically provided by public libraries.
Phil Barton called the question, and
the resolution was defeated. Al Jones
called for volunteers to continue a study
of library services for charter schools. The
following members volunteered: Dave
Fergusson, Ann Burlingame, Marilyn
Miller, John Via, Ben Speller, Marian Lind-
say, and Pauletta Bracy. Drs. Miller and
Bracy will write a draft position paper. Dr.
Bracy commended the Committee on
Charter Schools for beginning the process.
A motion was proposed to adopt a
nondiscrimination policy, draft copies of
which were distributed. Dr. Bracy moved
we accept the draft policy. Robert Canida
seconded the motion. After discussion,
the following motion was passed by a
vote of 14-0.
The NCLA does not discriminate
based on race, origin, age, gender,
sexual orientation, creed, or disabil-
ity, and therefore will not enter
into contract with any person or
organization that discriminates.
This policy will be made explicit in
all contracts between the North
Carolina Library Association or its
representatives and any person
and/or organization for the use of
space and facilities for NCLA-spon-
sored events. If discrimination is
proved on the part of any person or
organization that has a contract
with NCLA, the contract will be
considered null and void.
A motion was introduced to adopt a
policy on the use of the NCLA name. Dr.
Bracy made a motion for approval and
Phil Barton seconded the motion. Fol-
lowing discussion, the motion was
passed by a vote of 16-1, as follows:
FOREIGN BOOKS and PERIODICALS
CURRENT OR OUT-OF-PRINT
Specialties:
Search Service
Irregular Serials
International Congresses
Building Special Collections
ALBERT J. PHIEBIG INC.
Box 352, White Plains, N.Y. 10602 * FAX (914) 948-0784
94 " fall 2000
No person or organization(s) may
use the name of the North Carolina
Library Association without prior
consent in writing of the NCLA
President, acting on behalf of the
NCLA Executive Board.
As proposed by the Commission on
School Librarians, the following motion
was made by Ross Holt and seconded by
Mary Horton.
Motion: To eliminate the $5.00 per
capita contribution to NCLA for
conferences and workshops held by
NCLATs various sections and round
tables.
The motion passed 16-0 and the effec-
tive date of January 1, 2000 was approved.
A motion to have the Biennial Con-
ference Committee take care of cost of
room and equipment for programs was
introduced by Karen Gavigan and sec-
onded by Ross Holt. Following discussion
and amendment, the motion was passed
17-0, as follows:
Upon prior approval of the Confer-
ence Committee, the Biennial Con-
ference will pay the costs of meet-
ing rooms and audiovisual equip-
ment rental (including telephone
lines and computers) and security.
New Business
Discussion was held on the recommenda-
tion from the Commission on School
Librarians that more dues go directly to
the sections and round tables. One op-
tion discussed was to make a subscription
to North Carolina Libraries an additional
cost above the membership dues. Each
issue costs $7,000 to $8,000 for 2,000
copies. The Finance Committee is op-
posed to this proposal. Editor Frances
Bradburn was not present, and the dis-
cussion was tabled.
Discussion was also held on the
Commission on School LibrariansT rec-
ommendation that sections and round
tables be allowed to establish separate
funds controlled by their secretary/trea-
surers. The suggestion emerged from a
past occurrence when funds were trans-
ferred from a sectionTs account to the
central NCLA account without notifying
the section. At this time, sections and
round tables should not maintain sepa-
rate accounts, since this practice is pro-
hibited by the Bylaws. Tax laws will need
to be carefully reviewed by an attorney
before further action is taken.
News from State Library and State
Library Commission
No report.
The meeting adjourned at 3:00 p.m.
" Respectfully submitted,
Sue Ann Cody, Secretary
North Carolina Libraries
NortH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 1999-2001 EXECUTIVE BOARD
PRESIDENT
Plummer Alston oAl� Jones, Jr.
Corriher-Linn-Black Library
Catawba College
2300 W. Innes Street
Salisbury, NC 28144
Telephone: (704) 637-4449
Fax: (704) 637-4304
pajones@catawba.edu
VICE PRESIDENT/
PRESIDENT ELECT
Ross Holt
Randolph Public Library
201 Worth Street
Asheboro, NC 27203
Telephone: (336) 318-6806
Fax: (336) 318-6823
rholt@ncsl.dcr.state.nc.us
SECRETARY
Sue Ann Cody
Randall Library, UNC-Wilmington
601 College Road
Wilmington, NC
Telephone: (910) 962-7409
Fax: (910) 962-3078
codys@uncwil.edu
TREASURER
Diane D. Kester
East Carolina University
105 Longview Drive
Goldsboro, NC 27534-8871
Telephone: (919) 328-6621
Fax: (919) 328-4638
kesterd@mail.ecu.edu
Isdkest@eastnet.educ.ecu.edu
DIRECTORS
Phillip Barton, Director
Rowan County Public Library
P.O. Box 4039
Salisbury, NC 28145-4039
Telephone: (704) 638-3020
Fax: (704) 638-3013
bartonp@co.rowan.nc.us
Patrick Valentine, Director
Wilson County Public Library
PO Box 400
Wilson, NC 27893
Telephone: (252) 237-5355
Fax: (252) 243-4311
pvalentine@wilson-co.com
ALA COUNCILOR
Jacqueline B. Beach
Craven-Pamlico-Carteret
Regional Library
400 Johnson Street
New Bern, NC 28560
Telephone: (919) 823-1141
Fax: (919) 638-7817
jbeach@ncsl.dcr.state.nc.us
North Carolina Libraries
SELA REPRESENTATIVE
John Via
Forsyth County Public Library
660 W. Fifth Street
Winston-Salem NC 27101
Telephone: (336) 727-2556
Fax: (336) 727-2549
EDITOR, North Carolina Libraries
Frances Bryant Bradburn
Educational Technology
NC Dept. of Public Instruction
301 N. Wilmington Street
Raleigh, NC 27601-2825
Telephone: (919) 715-1528
Fax: (919) 733-4762
fbradbur@dpi.state.nc.us
PAST-PRESIDENT
Beverley Gass
M.W. Bell Library
Guilford Technical College
P.O. Box 309
Jamestown, NC 27282-0309
Telephone: (336) 334-4822
x2434
Fax: (336) 841-4350
gassb@gtcc.cc.nc.us
ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT
Maureen Costello
North Carolina Library Association
c/o State Library of North Carolina
4646 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-4646
Telephone: (919) 839-6252
Fax: (919) 839-6252
ncla@mindspring.com
SECTION CHAIRS
CHILDRENTS SERVICES SECTION
Ann Burlingame
Wake Forest Public Library
400 E. Holding Avenue
Wake Forest, NC 27587
Telephone: (919) 554-8498
Fax: (919) 554-8499
aburlingame@co.wake.nc.us
COLLEGE anp UNIVERSITY SECTION
Bobby Wynn
Charles W. Chestnut Library
Fayetteville State University
1200 Murchison Road
Fayetteville, NC 28301
Telephone: (910) 486-1520
Fax: (910) 486-1312
Bobby@Lib1 .uncfsu.edu
COMMUNITY ano JUNIOR
COLLEGE SECTION
Carol Freeman
Forsyth Technical Comm. Col.
2100 Silas Creek Parkway
Winston-Salem, NC 27103
Telephone: (336) 723-0371
ext. 7291
Fax: (336) 748-9395
cfreeman@riscy.forsyth.tec.nc.us
DOCUMENTS SECTION
Mary Horton
Z. Smith Reynolds Library
Wake Forest University
PO Box 7777
Winston-Salem, NC 27109
Telephone: (336) 758-5829
Fax: (336) 758-5538
hortonm@wfu.edu
LIBRARY ADMINISTRATION anp
MANAGEMENT SECTION
Martha Davis
Davidson County Comm. College
PO Box 1287
Lexington, NC 27293-1287
Telephone: (336) 249-8186
ext. 270
mdavis@davidson.cc.nc.us
NORTH CAROLINA ASSOCIATION OF
SCHOOL LIBRARIANS
Malinda Ratchford
Gaston County Schools
366 W. Garrison Blvd.
Gastonia, NC 28052
Telephone: (704) 866-6251
Fax: (704) 866-6194
Melinda_Ratchford@gaston.k1 2.nc.us
Karen Gavigan
1416 Manchester Lane
Burlington, NC 27215
kpwg@aol.com
NORTH CAROLINA PUBLIC
LIBRARY TRUSTEES ASSOCIATION
Theron Bell
P.O. Box 1059
111 Cornelius Drive
Robbins, NC 27325
Telephone: (910) 948-3448
PUBLIC LIBRARY SECTION
John Zika
Public Library of Charlotte &
Mecklenburg County
North County Regional Library
16500 Holly Crest Lane
Huntersville, NC 28078
Telephone: (704) 895-0616
jzika@plcmc.lib.nc.us
REFERENCE ano ADULT
SERVICES SECTION
Phillip Banks
Asheville-Buncombe Library System
67 Haywood Street
Asheville, NC 28801-2834
Telephone: (828) 255-5213
pbanks@ncsl.dcr.state.nc.us
RESOURCES ano TECHNICAL
SERVICES SECTION
Teresa L. McManus
Charles W. Chestnut Library
Fayetteville State University
1200 Murchison Road
Fayetteville, NC 28301-4298
Telephone: (910) 486-14312
tmcmanus@lib1 .uncfsu.edu
ROUND TABLE CHAIRS
NEW MEMBERS ROUND TABLE
Marian Lindsay
Guilford Middle School
401 College Road
Greensboro, NC 27410
Telephone: (336) 316-5833
Fax: (336) 316-5837
NORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY
PARAPROFESSIONAL ASSO.
Frances Lampley
Project Enlightenment
501 S. Boylan Avenue
Raleigh, NC 27603
ROUND TABLE FOR ETHNIC
MINORITY CONCERNS
Robert Canida II
Sampson-Livermore Library
UNC-Pembroke
PO Box 758
Pembroke, NC 28372
Telephone: (910) 521-6369
canida@uncp.edu
ROUND TABLE ON SPECIAL
COLLECTIONS
Kevin Cherry
State Library of North Carolina
4640 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-4640
Telephone: (919) 733-2570
ROUND TABLE ON THE STATUS
OF WOMEN IN LIBRARIANSHIP
Laura Weigand
Forsyth County Public Library
660 W. Fifth Street
Winston-Salem, NC 27101
Telephone: (336) 727-2549
|_weigand@forsyth.lib.nc.us
TECHNOLOGY AND TRENDS
ROUND TABLE
Susan Smith
Box 7777 Reynolda Station
Wake Forest University
Winston-Salem, NC 27109
Telephone: (336) 758-5828
Fax: (336) 758-8831
smithss@wfu.edu
NCLA
North Carolina Library Association
Fall 2000 " 99
EDITORIAL STAFF
Editor
FRANCES BRYANT BRADBURN
Instructional Technology
NC Dept. of Public Instruction
301 N. Wilmington Street
Raleigh, NC 27601-2825
(919) 715-1528
(919) 733-4762 (FAX)
fbradbur@dpi.state.nc.us
Associate Editor
ROSE SIMON
Dale H. Gramley Library
Salem College
Winston-Salem, NC 27108
(336) 917-5421
simon@salem.edu
Associate Editor
JOHN WELCH
State Library of North Carolina
4640 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-4640
(919) 733-2570
jwelch@library.dcr.state.nc.us
Book Review Editor
DOROTHY DAVIS HODDER
New Hanover Co. Public Library
201 Chestnut Street
Wilmington, NC 28401
(910) 772-7858
dhodder@co.new-hanover.nc.us
Lagniappe Editor
PLUMMER ALSTON JONES, JR.
Corriher-Linn-Black Library
Catawba College
2300 W. Innes Street
Salisbury, NC 28144
(704) 637-4449
pajones@catawba.edu
Indexer
MICHAEL COTTER
Joyner Library
East Carolina University
Greenville, NC 27858-4353
(252) 328-0237
cottermi@mail.ecu.edu
Advertising Manager
HARRY TUCHMAYER
New Hanover Co. Public Library
201 Chestnut Street
Wilmington, NC 28401
(910) 772-7857
htuchmayer@co.new-hanover.nc.us
Between Us Editor
KEVIN CHERRY
State Library of North Carolina
4640 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-4640
(919) 733-2570
ChildrenTs Services
PAMELA STANDHART
Public Library of Charlotte & Mecklenburg
Cornelius Branch Library
21105 Catawba Avenue
Cornelius, NC 28031
(704) 655-9409
pstandhart@plcmc.lib.nc.us
College and University
ARTEMIS KARES
Joyner Library
East Carolina University
Greenville, NC 27858-4353
(252) 328-2263
karesa@mail.ecu.edu
Community and Junior College
LISA C. DRIVER
Pitt Community College
PO Drawer 7007
Greenville, NC 27835-7007
(252) 321-4357
Idriver@pcc.pitt.cc.nc.us
Documents
MICHAEL VAN FOSSEN
Reference Documents
Davis Library CB #3912
University of North Carolina
Chapel Hill, NC 27599
(919) 962-1151
mike_vanfossen@unc.edu
Library Administration and
Management Section
JOLINE EZZELL
Perkins Library
Duke University
Durham, NC 27708-0175
(919) 660-5925
joline.ezzell@duke.edu
New Members Round Table
RHONDA FLORENCE
Florence Elementary School
High Point, NC 27265
(336) 819-2120
rholbroo@guilford.k12.nc.us
N.C. Asso. of School Librarians
DIANE KESSLER
Durham Public Schools
808 Bacon St.
Durham, NC 27703
(919) 560-2360
kesslerd@bacon.durham.k1 2.nc.us
North Carolina Library
Paraprofessional Association
SHARON NOLES
Southeast Regional Library in Garner
908 7th Avenue
Garner, NC 27529
(919) 894-8322
snoles@co.wake.nc.us
Public Library Section
JOHN ZIKA
Public Library of Charlotte & Mecklenburg
North County Regional Library
16500 Holly Crest Lane
Huntersville, NC 28078
(704) 895-0616
jzika@plcmc.lib.nc.us
Reference/Adult Services
SUZANNE WISE
Belk Library
Appalachian State University
Boone, NC 28608
(828) 262-2798
wisems@appstate.edu
Resources and Technical Services
PAGE LIFE
Davis Library CB#3914
UNC-Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, NC 27514-8890
(919) 962-0153
page_life@unc.edu
Round Table for Ethnic Minority Concerns
BRIGITTE BLANTON
Greensboro Public Library
PO Box 3178
Greensboro, NC 27402-3178
(336) 373-2716
ncs0921@interpath.com
Round Table on Special Collections
MEGAN MULDER
Wake Forest University Library
PO Box 7777 Reynolda Station
Winston-Salem, NC 27109-7777
(336) 758-5091
mulder@wfu.edu
Round Table on the Status of Women
in Librarianship
JOAN SHERIF
Northwestern Regional Library
111 North Front Street
Elkin, NC 28621
(336) 835-4894
jsherif@ncsl.dcr.state.nc.us
Technology and Trends
DIANE KESTER
Library Studies and Ed. Technology
East Carolina University
Greenville, NC 27858-4353
(252) 328-4389
Isddkest@eastnet.educ.ecu.edu
Wired to the World Editor
RALPH LEE SCOTT
Joyner Library
East Carolina University
Greenville, NC 27858-4353
(252) 328-0265
scottr@mail.ecu.edu
96 " Fall 2000
North Carolina Libraries
Not Afraid of Flavor
Recipes from Magnolia Grill
BEN AND KAREN BARKER
Ben Barker: Best Chef in the Southeast,
James Beard Foundation
Karen Barker: Best Pastry Chef, Bon Appétit
The Barkers share recipes for the bold, imaginative cuisine
served at their nationally acclaimed Durham restaurant.
oBen and Karen Barker are the King and Queen of Flavor.�
"Chef Emeril Lagasse
7x11, 51 color / 41 b&w illus. | -2585-9 Nov $29.95 cloth
Aselection of The Good Cook (Book of the Month Club)
This Is Where We Live
Short Stories by 25 Contemporary
North Carolina Writers
MICHAEL MCFEE, EDITOR
First-rate fiction, all published in the last decade, from a
rising generation of short story authors.
oWill be a treasured volume for many generations to come.�
"Jill McCorkle
-2583-2 Oct $29.95 cloth | -4895-6 Oct $16.95 paper
Remembering Charlotte
Postcards from a New South City, 1905-1950
MARY KRATT AND MARY MANNING BOYER
Journey back in time with this stunning collection of
period postcards and discover the fascinating story of
CharlotteTs past.
10 X 9, 186 color / 41 b&w illus.
-2562-X $34.95 cloth | -4871-9 $24.95 paper
This Astounding Close
The Road to Bennett Place
MARK L. BRADLEY
The only full account of the final weeks of the Civil War
in North Carolina.
41 illus., 8 maps | -2565-4 $34.95 cloth
Mary Aratt « Mary Manning Boyer
ee THE
~OL SECRET
LIVES
OF
FISHERMEN
WORE OUTDO,
Ne
s
POSTCARDS FROM A NEW SOUTH CITY, 1905-1950
Sars ay
The Secret Lives of Fishermen
More Outdoor Essays
JIM DEAN
oJim Dean is warmhearted and wise"and often hilarious
"about people with a passion for fishing. . .. You couldnTt
ask for a more amiable fishing companion in print.� "Nick
Lyons, author of Confessions of a Fly-Fishing Addict
-2580-8 $24.95 cloth
Buncombe Bob
The Life and Times of Robert Rice Reynolds
JULIAN M. PLEASANTS
Former U.S. Senator Robert Reynolds (1933-1945) was one
of North CarolinaTs most colorful and controversial politicians.
This compelling biography rescues him from his cartoon-
character reputation.
-5064-0 Dec $34.95 cloth
A Tree Accurst
Bobby McMillon and Stories of Frankie Silver
DANIEL W. PATTERSON
Exploring the interplay between folklore and history, this book
examines the continuing grip of the famous 1830s case of a
young woman convicted and hung for killing her husband with
an axe and burning his body in their N.C. mountain home.
24 illus. | -2564-6 $49.95 cloth | -4873-5 $18.95 paper
Native Orchids of the Southern
Appalachian Mountains
STANLEY L. BENTLEY
A beautifully illustrated guidebook based on the authorTs
25 years of studying and photographing orchids. Included
are 52 species found across the five-state region.
119 color photographs, 57 range maps
-2563-8 $39.95 cloth | -4872-7 $24.95 paper
CALL FOR A FREE CATALOG!
THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS
publishing excellence since 1922 | phone [800] 848-6224 | fax[800] 272-6817 | www.uncpress.unc.edu
isbn prefix 0-8078
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Upcoming Issues
Winter 2000 Research and Librarianship
Margaret Foote, Guest Editor
Spring 2001 The Call of Story
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Suzanne Wise, Guest Editor
Fall 2001 Legislative Issues
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Spring 2002 North Carolina Publishers
Unsolicited articles dealing with the above themes or any issue of interest to North Carolina
librarians are welcomed. Please contact the editor for manuscript guidelines and deadlines.
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Editorial correspondence should be addressed to the editor; advertisement
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