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North Carolina Libraries
Ones

TABLE OF CONTENTS

NCLA Biennial Conference, 1989

ISSN 0029-2540

CONFERENCE ARTICLES

211 Libraries: Designing for the T90s
222 NCLA Conference Awards

PONE Twentieth-Century Perspectives for Librarians and
Librarianship, Jessie Carney Smith

234 Management Style: At Least Once Ride a Wild Horse into
the Sun, Jerry D. Campbell

239 Old and Rare Books: A Practical Approach for Librarians,
Tom Broadfoot

243 What Was on That Telephone Reference Carrousel at
PLCM?

247 So You Have to Plan a Conference... , Barbara Baker

250 Believe Me, Conferences Are Worth the Effort! Beverly
Tetterton

251 Be Serious, They're Such a Hassle! Michael Cotter

264 NCLA Section and Round Table Biennial Reports, 1987-
1989

FEATURES

207 From the President

253 . Library Research in North Carolina
255 North Carolina Books

270 NCLA Minutes

272 NCLA Constitution

Cover: Jessie Carney Smith, oTwentieth-Century Perspectives for Advertisers: Book Wholesalers, 246; BroadfootTs 242; Capital
Librarians and Librarianship,T North Carolina Libraries 47 Consortium, 257; Checkpoint, 254; Ebsco, 231; FAXON, 210;

(Winter 1989): 227.

Volume 47, Number 4

GEAC, 261; H.W. Wilson, 206; Mumford Books, 219; Phiebig, 237;

Quality Books, 249; SIRS, inside front cover; Southeastern Micro-
film, 221; UNC Press, inside back cover.

Winter 1989

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206"Winter 1989

Libraries From the President Libraries

EditorTs Note: North Carolina Libraries wishes to
use this column to introduce the president of
NCLA for the 1989-1991 biennium to the member-
ship. Ms. Baker will begin her column with the
next issue.

For those of us in small offices and old build- | | ll | |

ings, it seems palatial"big, beautiful, bright, and
oh-so-new. And yet, it has not always been this

way. When Barbara Baker arrived at Durham
Technical Community College in September 1984,
this learning resources center was only a plan on
the drawing board. Now its newness, its function-
Cs ee

ality, its user-friendliness is another one of the
ee landmarks in BarbaraTs career as a librarian.

This career"for Barbara as for many among
us"was rather unintentional. It originated in the
guise of a Girl Scout volunteer at the Caldwell
County Public Library in Lenoir. What began as a
oquick and easy� way to earn a thirty-hour library
aide bar intended to lead to the coveted Girl
Scout Curved Bar segued into a oquick and easy�
summer job"omuch easier than going out and
actually looking for one,T"and eventually pro-
vided direction out of Western Piedmont Com-
munity College where she was a student searching
for what she wanted to do with the rest of her life.

As Barbara describes it, oThe director of my
public library was married to the director of the

Pe library at UNC-Asheville, and she suggested that if Cave ty &

I would think about librarianship as a career,
they would see if they could find a scholarship for
me at UNC-A. I agreed. After all, all I had to do
was think about becoming a librarian, right? But
as I worked in the college library at UNC-A, I was
given more and more responsibility"and I liked
that. My greatest accomplishment was being
allowed to drop catalog cards below the rod. It
was then I knew: this is my profession.�

From UNC-Asheville to UNC-Chapel Hill to
become a childrenTs librarian in a public library
was only natural"after all, both her mentors
would have it no other way! It was a delightful,
heady two years. As Barbara describes it, she had
all the ogreats�: Doralyn Hickey for cataloging, Bud

for the HO"

Winter 1989"207

ISA

|

Gambee for selection, etc. etc... And with this
foundation, she rather naively determined her net
worth for the world of work: $10,000 a year"in
1972.

Determining her net worth was easy; realizing
it was a bit more difficult. The first job she was
offered was in a public library in Virginia for
$7200 a year"hardly $10,000. And all the others
around her were offering similar salaries. But
Gaston College was offering a salary of $9444 for a
serials librarian and, after all, she was a product
of the community college system, and it was close
to $10,000. oI didnTt compromise my net worth
much,� she grins.

Promoted from serials librarian to technical
services librarian, Barbara found Gaston Com-
munity College a challenging, gratifying expe-
rience. She really did everything in that library"
after all, she was the only librarian there every
summer, so oI did whatever needed to be done.�
And it would have been easy to stay. Everyone in
North CarolinaTs community college system is
approximately the same age, and there are only
fifty eight directors, so advancement opportuni-
ties are scarce. It would have been easy to
rationalize the comfortable security of her origi-
nal job.

But in 1984 the directorship at Durham Tech
was advertised, and Barbara realized that if she
wanted to adance, she was going to have to at
least apply. But she was happy in Gastonia, con-
tent to stay there forever; so when they called her
for an interview, she was philosophical. She told
them what she could do and also what she possi-

Incoming NCLA president Barbara Baker is shown presenting
out-going president Patsy Hansel a token of the associationTs
appreciation for her years of service.

208"Winter 1989

a

bly could not. oI was totally honest and without
nerves"and they offered me the job anyway. I
was flabbergasted! Then I had to decide if I really
wanted to come to Durham. After all, all I knew
about Durham was Honey's at Guess Road. But
ITve been here five years and itTs home.�

When Barbara arrived at Durham Tech as
Director of Educational Resources, the Learning
Resources Center included the library, produc-
tion center, and the curriculum telecourse center.
Under her direction and immediate supervision, a
developmental studies program which focuses on
remedial math, English, reading, and study skills
has been added. All nineteen of the part-time
instructors in this new program, as well as sixteen
full-time learning resources center staff and four
coordinators, report to her. In her current posi-
tion as Associate Dean for Educational Resources,
she is one of six associate deans in the instruc-
tional area of the college who determine the aca-
demic direction of Durham Technical Community
College.

Barbara sees the gradual administrative
direction of her library career as only natural.
oAdministration is nothing more than organizing
things, stating things, and following up. Librarians
do these things. We'Tr better prepared for adminis-
trative positions than most.�

And becoming NCLA president is just another
oadministrative thing,� albeit one she hardly
expected. When Mertys Bell and Mary Avery
approached her to run, she agreed"after all how
do you say ~noT to Ms. Bell?"but only because she
really thought that she would not be elected. But
she also saw it as a challenge. Barbara had once
heard someone state very unequivicably that you
canTt be NCLA president without a private secre-
tary. oI decided that I would just show them. After
all, lots of school librarians donTt even have assist-
ants, much less private secretaries! They should
have the opportunity to be president just like
anyone else.�

Fortunately for Barbara and future NCLA
presidents and executive board members, whether
or not a private secretary is needed to do the job
will be a moot issue. One of BarbaraTs immediate
and major challenges is hiring an administrative
assistant for NCLA whose office will be in the
State Library building in Raleigh and who will
handle most of the administrative chores for the
association. While everyone sees the need for this
position, particularly from the treasurerTs point of
view, Barbara sees this transition as a particularly
sensitive one for the organization. oGiving up
power is difficult for people. No matter what you
say, when you delegate work, you give up some

1987-89 NCLA Executive Board members from left to right are: seated: Nancy Fogarty, Pauline Myrick, Lauren Williams, Pat
Ryckman, Patrice Ebert, Irene Hairston, and Barbara Baker. Standing: Frank Sinclair, Sylvia Sprinkle-Hamlin, Janet Freeman,
Frances Bradburn, Howard McGinn, Patsy Hansel, Ray Frankle, Gloria Miller, Cal Shepard, Marti Smith, Harry Tuchmayer, Melanie
Collins, Barbara Anderson, Ann Thigpen, and Jerry Thrasher.

power. We're all going to have to be very careful
not to just arbitrarily say ~Well, I could do this
better; without looking to see if we really would
only be doing it differently. NCLA needs this posi-
tion, but we must be careful to convey to the
membership, especially the executive board, that
we still need them as well.�

It is this sensitivity to the simultaneous
needs of both the association and its members
that makes BarbaraTs two-fold goal for her presi-
dency so natural. oNCLA must continue to develop
and move forward, and this can only be done by
nurturing leaders for both the organization and,
more importantly, for libraries in North Carolina.
This nurturing can only succeed if NCLATs current
leaders know each other (and their organiza-
tional jobs) well, and can appreciate the diversity
within North Carolina librarianship. These are the
goals for my presidency.� And ones we all hope go

far beyond Barbara Baker's two-year tenure.

n
Frances Bryant Bradburn al

Outgoing treasurer Nancy Fogarty was presented a gift from
NCLA for her time and service to the association for the past
four years.

Winter 1989"209

abe}sio) 1987 1988
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210"Winter 1989

Libraries: Designing for the 90s

North Carolina Library Association
Biennial Conference
Charlotte, North Carolina
October 11-13, 1989

EditorTs Note: The following are highlights from the 1989 North
Carolina Library AssociationTs Biennial Conference held in Char-
lotte. These, as well as the awards and speeches printed else-
where in this issue, offer the flavor and essence of this year's
conference.

Wednesday
October 11, 1989

NCLA Table Talks

Start with a table surrounded by chairs. Add
another row or two of chairs, and assign a present-
er or discussion leader committed to a selected
topic. Let it be known that at a given hour those
interested in that topic will gather at that table,
and the rest follows its own course.

What amazed this roving reporter was the fact
that people showed up for the Table Talks as early
as 9 a.m. on the first day of the conference. That
session was followed by two more, each one hour
in length. Not every topic was presented every
hour, and the population increased as the morn-
ing went on. Roving reporter visited most of the
Table Talks, and mostly regretted having to leave
any of them in order to get to another.

The modes of presentation were as various as
the topics themselves. The talk on staff develop-
ment was a fact-filled straightforward summary
of a formal survey on the issue in libraries across
our state. The talk on time management com-
bined a presentation with input from the partici-
pants and a number of useful handouts. The 1990
Census demonstration showed the high flexibility
of the newly available CD-ROM format"some-
thing we can all enjoy using. At the North Caro-
lina Libraries table, a young library school
graduate was seeking advice on his article
manuscripts from the publicationTs editor. The
discussions on microcomputers in small libraries
varied according to the interests of the people
gathered at any one time: in one instance, several
micro users encouraged a hesitant non-user to
take the plunge and to prepare to love it. Repre-
sentatives of the State Library (including the
State Librarian) were located at tables for those

interested in learning about state documents and
statewide planning for technology.

All in all, with their wide range of topics and
their various means of information exchange, the
Table Talks offered conference participants a spe-
cial means of learning the answers to a great
many questions in a relatively short period of
time. In their own way, they were as wonderful
and as effective as the exhibits. Next conference,
roving reporter plans to visit the Table Talks
again"perhaps to rove less and stay longer.

AIDS and Teenagers: Do Librarians Have a
Responsibility?

Frances Bradburn, Assistant Professor of
Media and Teaching Resources at East Carolina
University and oMiddle Books� columnist for
Wilson Library Bulletin, presented oAIDS and
Teenagers: Do Librarians Have a Responsibility?�
Handouts from a variety of sources included mes-
sages from health education leaders, catalogs for
ordering materials, and bibliographies. Ms. Brad-
burn introduced a display of books suggested for
young adult education on AIDS.

She reported that teens are contracting AIDS
now and will be HIV Positive in their twenties and,
in discussing the high risk groups, she remarked,
othere are no risk groups; there are only risky
behaviors.� She predicted that the best case sce-
nario was that we will have a public health crisis;
the worst case scenario was that we will lose an
entire generation. She reported that one-half of
todayTs teens between fifteen and nineteen years
of age are sexually active and that they need pro-
tection from pregnancy, from sexually transmit-
ted diseases, and from AIDS.

The members present were challenged to be
part of the solution and not part of the denial or
part of the problem. She reminded the group of
the importance of up-to-date information during
this time when new information appears fre-
quently. She gave the example of reports on the
spermicide nonoxynol-9 #II suggesting that any
book which does not contain that information

Winter 1989"211

i ee

should have a note attached with the new infor-
mation. She also pointed out that sometimes the
fiction was better than the non-fiction.

Madaras was quoted as saying that othe ster-
eotype of librarians as sexually conservative,
second only to nuns, can work for us in AIDS edu-
cation in our communities.� Libraries have the
books and the information. Also libraries have in
place a system for preventing censorship and for
making information available to the public.
Librarians have an obligation to change the
atmosphere, making knowledge available to teens
and adults. The library can provide the commu-
nity resources to create a climate so that the veil
of secrecy can be lifted. The message to send is,
oKnow your partner and protect yourself�

The role of the library is one of advocacy for
honest, accurate, and complete resources for all
sections of the population; reasoned exploration
of the issues; forum for exchange to clarify beliefs
and facts; teamwork with health professionals
and education professionals. In a library, any
group can meet to discuss any topic without har-
rassment. Libraries are good networkers and are
good at information and referral. Libraries can
sponsor and facilitate.

Ms. Bradburn announced that NCLA was
forming a special ad hoc committee on AIDS, stat-
ing that oThis is our way of making a difference.
Making a difference is important, because a
generation is at stake.�

I Work in a Library, But ITm Not a Librarian
NCLA Paraprofessional Association

This first conference for the newest round-
table in NCLA was a resounding success and all of
its varied needs and interests could be heard in
the comments of those who attended the work-
shop/lecture of Kathleen Weibel, Director of
Libraries, Ohio Wesleyan University. Her presen-
tation, titled oI Work In a Library, But I Am Not A
Librarian,� was introduced in the Winter 1988
issue of Library Personnel News. Ms. Weibel has
made staff development her primary area of
interest since obtaining her M.L.S. at Columbia
University. Her focus is not only professional staff
development, but obtaining educational oppor-
tunities for the paraprofessional as well. She is
Co-Chair of the ALA Education for Support Staff
Issues Subcommittee.

Because this roundtable serves the interests
of paraprofessionals from public libraries, aca-
demic libraries, and school libraries, it must be
alert to the philosophies of all three. Ms. Weibel
recognized that the majority of the more than one
hundred participants at her two workshops were

212"Winter 1989

attending their first NCLA conference. Years of
experience in libraries varied from two months to
twenty-five years. She began the meeting by ask-
ing what we were called in our libraries. From the
responses, it was obvious that in public libraries
alone job titles and descriptions differ greatly,
highlighting one of the greatest challenges facing
North CarolinaTs libraries"finding some common
description for jobs that are performed by para-
professionals. Obtaining funding for training staff
for those jobs is another challenge.

Educating library directors and school prin-
cipals, in the case of school library staff, is the key
to success in any efforts to train paraprofession-
als in their jobs. Having a strong sense of identity
through uniform job descriptions would strength-
en the ability of staff to perform those duties,
whether they be as a branch head, a media assist-
ant, or a ostoryteller,� as one participant described
herself.

Ms. Weibel encouraged paraprofessionals in
all of North CarolinaTs libraries to maintain their
network and to join wholeheartedly in the work of
the Association to train its members. There are
now library paraprofessional associations in nine-
teen of the fifty states.

CAT Tales
Resources and Technical Services Section

Kathleen Brown, acting head, Monographic
Cataloging Department, NCSU Libraries, con-
ducted a workshop on cataloging sound record-
ings for the Resources and Technical Services
Section on October 11 from 3:00-5:00. Attendance
at the session ranged between eight and twelve
people. The workshop covered sources of helpful
information, AACR2 and the changes in AACR2
revised, and MARC tagging. In a concluding dis-
cussion period, the group exchanged ideas on
classifying sound recordings and on working with
contributed copy. Cataloging sound recordings
can be very time-consuming (and expensive) if
done strictly oby the book,� so local decisions about
coding and editing can be important. Any deci-
sions that affect access should take into account
usersT needs and the capabilities of online sys-
tems.

Catherine Leonardi gave a two-hour presen-
tation on audiovisual cataloging. The presenta-
tion was split into two parts. The first part
highlighted the basics of audiovisual cataloging. It
was aimed at the librarian who knows monogra-
phic cataloging and MARC tagging. The cataloging
of video cassettes and film reels as well as the
OCLC Audiovisual Media Format were empha-
sized. The second part of the presentation was on

contemporary problems in audiovisual catalog-
ing. This presentation covered new audiovisual
terminology and the cataloging of video discs and
unpublished audiovisual materials.

Some Answers to Library Preservation Problems
Round Table on Special Collections

In a combined lecture and slide presentation,
Don Etherington, Head of the Conservation Div-
ision of Information Conservation, Incorporated,
in Greensboro, examined several approaches to
preserving library materials in an October 11 pro-
gram, oSome Answers to Library Preservation
Problems.� Etherington stressed the importance
of maintaining proper humidity and temperature
levels in libraries; encouraged a preference for
keeping items in original format when possible,
instead of microfilming; and suggested the use of
specially designed storage containers and specific
shelving techniques that promote preservation.
Approximately eighty people attended the ses-
sion which was sponsored by the recently organ-
ized Round Table on Special Collections.

After EtheringtonTs presentation, the Round
Table elected officers for the 1989-91 biennium.

Those elected were: Maury C. York (East Carolina
University), Chairman; Beverly Tetterton-Opheim
(New Hanover County Public Library), Vice-
Chairman/Chairman-Elect; Eileen L. McGrath
(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill),
Secretary-Treasurer; Richard J. Murdoch (Wake
Forest University), Director; Pam S. Toms (State
Library of North Carolina), Director.

The Journey Home: Dorothy Spruill Redford and
the Somerset Experience
Public Library Section/Local History &
Genealogy Committee

Genealogist Dorothy Spruill Redford capti-
vated an audience of approximately 150 on Wed-
nesday afternoon October 11th with her story of
personal faith and persistence in organizing the
widely acclaimed 1986 reunion of two thousand
slave descendants at Somerset Plantation near
Creswell, Washington County, N.C. Challenged by
her teenage daughter's questions about her fami-
lyTs history during the broadcast of the television
program oRoots,� Redford began several years of a
self-described obsession with genealogical re-
search, through which she traced her family to
Somerset in the early nineteenth century.

NCLA president Patsy Hansel cut the ribbon to the entrance of the 1989 conference exhibits as several vendors looked on.

Winter 1989"213

Redford described her first visit to Somerset,
where for years the impressive mansion had been
maintained as part of a state-operated historic
site. Seeking a osense that she was anchored
there,� she was immediately disappointed when
she found no physical evidence of the lives of the
Somerset slaves. As a result, she was inspired to
accept as her personal mission the organizing of a
reunion of descendants of the 320 slaves who had
lived there and the inclusion of their stories in all
future public presentations at the site.

Laughing at how her naivete when planning
the project now looks in retrospect, she told of
logistical challenges met and financial obstacles
overcome in successfully organizing a reunion
where descendants of slaves were joined by de-
scendants of slave owners in what Redford pro-
claimed oa day of healing like no other in eastern
Carolina.� After concluding her account, Redford
autographed copies of her 1988 book, Somerset
Homecoming: Recovering a Lost Heritage. The
session was sponsored by the Local History and
Genealogy Committee of the Public Library Sec-
tion.

Significant Others: Mentors and Role Models in
the Library Profession
Junior Members Round Table

A standing room only crowd turned out to
hear a panel discussion on the importance of
mentoring in a Wednesday afternoon session
sponsored by the Junior Members Round Table.

Dr. Barbara Moran cited studies that have
found that overy few people get to the top of any
organization without a mentor,� and defined three
main levels of mentoring: promoting the protegeTs
continuing education, providing psychological
support, and sponsoring the protegeTs advance-
ment in the organization. Robert Burgin addressed
the issue of mentoring as a traditionally male
relationship, and pointed out the lack of research
on mentoring among librarians. Patsy Hansel
was skeptical about mentoring in a formal sense
but said librarians may find valuable role models
(both negative and positive) and otrusted and
worthy advisors� among their colleagues, supervi-
sors and subordinates. There was general agree-
ment among the panel that the best way to
attract mentors and succeed as a protege is to be
a very competent part of the organizationTs team.

JMRT President Melanie Collins announced
that the name of the organization would become
the New Members Round Table at the conclusion
of the meeting. She presented the 1989 Young
LibrarianTs Award to Sheila Johnson of the For-

214"Winter 1989

syth County Public Library, and the Baker & Tay-
lor/JMRT Grassroots Grant for first-time NCLA
conference attendees to Sandra Lyles, a library
science student at UNC-Chapel Hill. Later in the
conference NMRT presented the annual oFriendly
Booth� award to Quality BooksT representative
John Higgins.

Thursday
October 12, 1989

Life in the Fast Lane: a View from the Top
Reference and Adult Services Section

In oLife in the Fast Lane: a View from the Top,�
RASD presented speakers who offered contrast-
ing opinions of how libraries can be managed to
best serve their clientele. Kaye Gapen, Director of
Libraries at the University of Wisconsin in Madi-
son, demonstrated how budget cuts at UW-Madi-
son in 1985 had prompted a reorganization and
revisualization of the university's library resour-
ces. Gapen spoke of accepting the idea that librar-
ies are used differently by academic disciplines,
and of structuring her reorganization around
oclusters� of these disciplines"so that specific
reference personnel and catalogers focus their
attention on these subjects. Gapen emphasized
the impact of technology and said that, while
libraries would always be physical repositories of
books, the University of Madision Libraries would
also omaintain a logical library, which was dig-
itized, and which could move beyond the walls of
the library to any place where there was a person
with a terminal.�

Noting that what library managers primarily
do is oprocure resources and allocate them,� Will
Manley, Director of the Tempe Public Library in
Arizona, casually observed that what library
patrons really appreciate is convenient parking
facilities, childrenTs services, and plenty of evening
and weekend hours.

After a question and answer period, six con-
current discussion groups met in two half-hour
sessions. Topics were oCD-ROMs: Techniques for
Effective Care and Maintenance,� led by Donna
Cornick; oEthics of Patron Distinctions,T con-
ducted by Susan Bryson and Nancy B. Parrish;
and oRoadblocks to Reference Services Created by
the Librarian,� moderated by Melissa Cain. In
addition, Mary McAfee led a session on oMeatball
Reference: Techniques for Maintaining Quality
during Rush Periods,� Bryna Coonin discussed
oLibrary Instruction: Keeping it Fresh,T and Bar-
bara Anderson entertained comments on oSelling
the Library! Techniques from the Reference Desk.�

Bring on the Best. . . YA Materials
Public Library Section/Young Adult Committee

The Public Library Section/Young Adult
Committee presented oBring on the Best... YA
Materials� with Best Books for Young Adults
committee members Rebecca Taylor, Youth Servi-
ces Coordinator, New Hanover County Public
Library, and Frances Bradburn, Assistant Profes-
sor of Media and Teaching Resources, East Carolina
University.

Ms. Bradburn explained that the committee
consists of fifteen librarians with varied back-
grounds and reading interests, representing many
geographic regions. Ms. Taylor told of the total
immersion in reading required to get through
over 400 books a year in her two years on the
committee. She explained that some excellent
books did not make the list because they were not
available to enough committee members to
garner the eight votes needed for inclusion. Taylor
and Bradburn then shared some of their favorite
book nominees and encouraged the audience to
nominate their favorites for 1989 to Best Books
committee chair, Barbara A. Lynn, 3901 SW
Moundview, Topeka, Kansas 66614.

Branch Libraries: When and Where to
Build Them
Public Library Section
Development Committee

This committee has addressed the needs of
North CarolinaTs libraries in the area of branch
construction during this biennium and published
a bibliography of the best available resource
materials in the Summer 1989 issue of North
Carolina Libraries. The project culminated with
the presentation of oBranch Libraries: When and
Where to Build Them,� by Mr. Lee Brawner, Exec-
utive Director of the Metropolitan Library System
in Oklahoma City. He is a partner in the firm of
HBW Associates, Inc., library consultants.

He briefly touched on all the vital facets of
branch-building: long-range planning stages, the
libraryTs mission statement and the role of the
public library, the type and number of facilities, a
needs assessment, development of a building pro-
gram, and site selection.

Mr. Brawner described each step and cited
the importance of adequate planning throughout.
The criteria used in determining whether to build
were as well described as those used to determine
where and when to build. He focused on some
modern methods used in decision-making such as
marketing techniques that employ census data to
determine need, location, and type of library.

Lee Brawner

Documentation of all stages of the building proj-
ect was emphasized.

Mr. Brawner presented a clear plan that, fol-
lowed closely, would cover all the areas of impor-
tance and make for a successful outcome, even
for the inexperienced.

Implementation of Information Power
NCASL

Dr. Phillip Turner, dean of the Graduate
School of Library Science, University of Alabama,
spoke to NCASL members about using the new
Information Power guidelines for school library
media centers to eradicate the present confusion
regarding the quality and services of a good
school library media center. According to Dr.
Turner, the media coordinatorTs primary func-
tions are to promote in students a love of inquiry
and learning, to teach a wide range of information
skills, and to team with teachers to help them be
more productive and efficient. The media coordi-
natorTs roles are that of information specialist;
instructional consultant; and teacher of teachers
and administrators, as well as students. In addi-
tion, the media coordinator must have vision, and
make administrators aware of that vision in order
to develop the very best school library media cen-
ter possible.

Winter 1989"215

Libraries, Librarianship and the 1990s:
The Academic Perspective
College and University Section, Community
and Junior College Section

Before looking forward into the 1990s, Dr.
Jessie Carney Smith, director of the Fisk Univer-
sity Library, opted to look back fifty years, into the
1930s, to examine some of the prevalent library
issues of that decade. In her study of library liter-
ature, she found that much has remained the
same. Librarians were concerned with profes-
sional status and developing research agendas.
The 1930s saw the founding of the Association of
Research Libraries and the journal American
Archivist. Perhaps in a reaction to the rigors of
the Great Depression, there was much attention
paid to the development of union lists and coop-
erative resource sharing programs. All these mat-
ters continue to be of importance today.

In the 1990s, the library and information
science community must seek ways to make
humanitarian concerns continue to hold rele-
vance for an increasingly technological society.
Traditional libraries are at risk unless they find
innovative ways of merging into new, information-
oriented structures outside of their past expe-
riences. Cooperative programs and networking
will take on new dimensions of meaning in the
1990s and we will find the challenges to be many
but the potential rewards great.

Developing Partnerships: Implications for
Library Systems
NCLA Public Libraries Trustees Section

Dr. James G. Wingate, Vice-President for
Education at Central Piedmont Community Col-
lege in Charlotte, stated that libraries epitomize
the taking of services to the public. Trustees must
blend cooperation and individualism and must
foster mutual trust and long-term relationships
and help their institutions survive in a world
economy.

Libraries must support staff renewal in all
areas, help public schools improve in the arts,
humanities and sciences and support small busi-
ness training networks. They must also partici-
pate in creating an information infrastructure
open to everyone.

Libraries should keep the momentum for
change going by staying at the front of the infor-
mation age where they have always been.

Whickety Whack! Into My Sack!!
Tom Davenport, Filmmaker
Public Library Section/Audio-Visual Committee

216"Winter 1989

James G. Wingate

Tom Davenport, known for his North Caro-
lina documentaries as well as for his American
versions of the Grimm BrothersT fairy tales, told a
group of audiovisual librarians that independent
filmmakers rely primarily on public libraries to get
their films before the public. Speaking about the
power of folktales, Davenport recalled reading
oHansel and Gretel� to his small son as a means of
helping him deal with his fear of abandonment
after a traumatic hospitalization. Soon after that
experience he found himself filming Hansel and
Gretel: An Appalachian Version, in his backyard.
The film was so controversial, because of the dark-
ness of the plot as he rendered it, that it received
a gratifying amount of attention and Davenport
was launched as a folkteller on film.

The audience viewed Soldier Jack, or The
Man Who Caught Death in a Sack, a traditional
Jack tale in which Davenport cast Jack as an
American GI returning home after World War II.
The filmmaker said that he had almost finished
this film before he was able to grasp how he
wanted to tell the story, and he took it apart and
started over. Preconceptions, he said, are a
menace to any creative project: oreally, funda-
mentally, if you have an idea about God, itTs
wrong. If you have a conception about a folktale
that you want to make into a film, it limits you. It
has to be crushed in order to grow.�

Roadbuilders: Librarians Who Have Paved
the Way
Round Table for Ethnic Minority Concerns

The Round Table for Ethnic Minority Con-
cerns presented a program identifying the contri-
butions African-American libraries and librarians
have made to the developmentof library service to
the citizenry of the United States. Renee Stiff, Vice
Chair/Chair Elect of REMCo, presided. Speakers
for the program were Casper LeRoy Jordan,
retired Deputy Director, Atlanta Fulton Public
Library and Ann Shockley, Associate Professor of
Library Science, Fisk University.

Casper Jordan in his speech entitled, oA
Shoulder Height View of Librarians of Color: An
Account of Stewardship,� held the attention of the
participants as he highlighted such pioneers as
John Berry Meachum, Edward Christopher Williams,
Dorothy B. Porter, and Molly H. Lee. Ann Shockley
discussed African-American librariansT specific
contributions to the field of literature. She
recounted humorous incidents as well as prob-
lems she and other librarians encountered in get-
ting published.

At the conclusion of the speakersT presenta-
tion, the first annual Roadbuilders Award was
presented to the following librarians for their
contributions to librarianship: Evelyn Pope, re-
tired Professor, School of Library Science, North
Carolina Central University; Daisy Lee Williams,
retired Public School Librarian, Roper, North
Carolina; Mollie H. Lee, Richard B. Harrison Public
Library, Raleigh (posthumously).

WhoTs Got the Power?
Round Table on the Status of Women
in Librarianship

The Round Table on the Status of Women in
Librarianship heard Jinx Melia, of Operational
Politics, discuss the use of power and the devel-
opment of power. Ms. Melia stated that women
have a tremendous opportunity to develop power
but lack the skills to develop power; they keep
doing the same things better and better and that
does not help if they are the wrong things. In dis-
cussing skills, she pointed out that one needs to
know not only how to do, but when to do.

Power is making a decision that other people
decide to follow. Politics is the behavior of people
who cause other people to follow them. Women
tend to focus on the process, while men tend to
focus on the objective. She stated that power is
not about titles or clothes.

Ms. Melia suggested that to men, equality
means a place at the starting line; however, to
women, equality means equality of result, that
they will win a certain proportion of the time. Ms.
Melia asked if we want equality or protection. She
pointed out that society will take care of a victim

but will not follow a victim. Leadership means giv-
ing up protection and being willing to take risks.
She advised that when one experiences rejection,
one should not spend time feeling sorry for one-
self but should spend time looking for the other
personTs weaknesses.

In the working world loyalty to other people
is important, although principle is sometimes
most important to women. Ms. Melia pointed out
that various people have different values and that
all may be right. She urged that one must be
willing to accept the truth of other people and not
insist that there is only one truth. She suggested
that as team players, women take turns but men
fight for power and play king of the hill. It is
important to support each other, but to not
impose oneTs own values on other people.

At work, one should attempt to accomplish
the mission of the organization and should not
expect individual consideration. Everything is
negotiable and negotiation is important. To get
people to change their decisions on any occasion,
one has the opportunity to make a counter offer.

Questions which she suggested be asked of
leaders were

Can they catch the ball?
Will they catch the ball?
Do they have the skills?
Will they get the job done?

On behalf of the Round Table for Ethnic and Minority Con-
cerns, Sylvia Sprinkle-Hamlin presented outgoing NCLA pres-
ident Patsy Hansel with a special award for her personal
encouragement of minority participation within the organiza-
tion.

Winter 1989"217

She urged the members of the group to arti-
culate solutions, not problems. She challenged
them to learn to negotiate and to learn to make
decisions.

Everything about Cataloging that You Probably
Did Not Learn in Library School
Resources and Technical Services Section

By all accounts, oEverything About Catalog-
ing That You Probably Did Not Learn in Library
School,� achieved its desired effect. Mr. Sanford
Berman, head of Cataloging at Hennepin County
Public Library, and the pre-eminent authority on
locally assigned subject headings, overwhelmed
the audience with a olaundry list� of Library of
Congress oerrors in judgment� when it comes to
assigning subject headings. Using example after
example of outdated, deceptive, and often ethno-
centric subject headings, Mr. Berman explained
the process Hennepin County goes through in
establishing new headings and cross-references
than can better serve the public.

Mr. Berman discussed, in great detail, the
frustration experienced by library users when the
common language term they used to search for
materials does not produce the desired effect.
Patrons in need of information on bed-wetting, he
argued, are less likely to approach a librarian for
assistance when their catalog search does not
produce the desired results. Is it reasonable,
Berman inquired, for our patrons to know that
the Library of Congress has classified these mate-
rials under enuresis rather than bed-wetting?

Although the Library of Congress does now
have a procedure for updating terminology, the
time required to make these changes takes so long
that Berman wondered when incandescent lamps
will finally become light bulbs.

Perhaps most disturbing of all was Mr. Ber-
manTs identification of LCTs unwitting racism and
ethnocentricity. Take for example, the subject
heading music. If one were to follow standard LC
practice, materials classified under this heading
would deal with music in a general sense. Instead,
the classification music refers specifically to what
is really western classical music, while all other
music is subdivided into their oappropriate� cate-
gories. Finally, as Berman pondered the existence
of God in the catalog, he explained to an already
sensitized audience that one could not expect to
find a general discussion of a supreme being
under this heading, but would find instead that
old, familiar God of the King James Bible.

218"Winter 1989

Sanford Berman

Upcoming Issues

Spring 1990 - Library Humor
Rose Simon and David
Fergusson, Guest Editors
Summer 1990 - Public Documents
Pat Langelier and Ridley Kessler,
Guest Editors
- Performance Measures
Jinnie Davis, Guest Editor
- Supporting the Support Staff
Harry Tuchmayer, Guest Editor
- Law and the Library
Tim Coggins, Guest Editor
Summer 1991 - ChildrenTs/YA

Fall 1990
Winter 1990

Spring 1991

Fall 1991 - Library Buildings
John Welch, Guest Editor
Winter 1991 - Conference

Unsolicited articles dealing with the above
themes or on any issue of interest to North
Carolina librarians are welcomed. Please follow
manuscript guidelines delineated elsewhere in
this issue.

Friday
October 13, 1989

WhatTs Up, Docs? Documents in the Schools!
Documents Section

Because, as Donna Seymour explained, recent
research has shown that there generally has been
ono formal effort on the part of North Carolina
depositories to encourage the use of documents
in school libraries,� the Documents Section pres-
ented oWhatTs Up, Docs? Documents in the
Schools!� as its conference program. The session
was designed to introduce government docu-
ments and means of selection and acquisition to
school media coordinators.

After the videotape Government Publications
for the School Media Center was shown, Ridley
Kessler explained about the structure of govern-
ment depositories. Kessler encouraged school
librarians to establish a relationship with deposi-
tory librarians, saying, oDepository libraries are
honor-bound to allow you access to their collec-
tions.� Carol Lewis spoke of the purpose of school
media centers and of the need to focus the collec-
tion on the curriculum.

Three teams, each composed of a depository
librarian and a school media coordinator, com-
pleted the program with a panel discussion.
Robert Gaines of UNC-Greensboro and Alice
Angell of Morehead Elementary School in Greens-
boro commented on acquisition strategies, a prob-
lem when the Government Printing Office will
not accept purchase orders. Ridley Kessler (UNC-
Chapel Hill) and Diane Kessler from Neal Junior

High in Durham spoke of interesting documents
for middle schools and of useful selection tools.
Nancy Kolenbrander from Western Carolina Uni-
versity and Marcella Huguelet from Tuscola High
School in Waynesville explained their project to
select useful statistical government publications
for TuscolaTs media center. They emphasized the
need to help students use government documents
and to let them know what they are using.
A business meeting followed the program.

Strategies for Recruitment of Minorities in the
Library Profession
Recruitment Committee

Dr. Benjamin Speller, NCCU; Phillip Cherry,
Public Library Charlotte/Mecklenburg; Barbara
Delon, UNC-CH; Judith Sutton, Public Library
Charlotte/Mecklenburg; and Bill Roberts, Forsyth
County Public Library stated that the typical Uni-
ted States library school student is a white female,
aged twenty-eight to thirty-nine, who has an
undergraduate major in the humanities or social
sciences. The reasons that library school students
give for going to library school are: to use their
personal skills, an interest in information/knowl-
edge and the importance of information in
society. The profession is viewed as an alternative
to teaching, particularly to those with limited
geographic mobility.

There is no magic formula to get blacks into
librarianship. Blacks need to see opportunities in
the profession and to have the opportunity to do
something real"not to just be a figurehead. They
need to be able to get into positions that would
allow them to grow.

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Winter 1989"219

Making Contact: North Carolina Writers
and Libraries
North Carolina Writers Network

The North Carolina Writers Network pres-
ented a panel of authors to explain the origin and
purpose of the network and to unravel the mys-
teries of obtaining grant money from the North
Carolina Arts Council to help libraries provide
community arts programs. Author/moderator
Georgann Eubanks explained that the Writers
Network was begun in 1984 because many writers
were living in isolated areas across the state. By
joining forces, writers improved their access not
only to other writers, but to the public as they
focused on developing audiences for their work.

Debbie McGill, with the North Carolina Arts
Couincil, presented examples of arts programs
funded through the council and provided pro-
gram guidelines to help librarians understand the
grant process. Marsha Warren, director of the
Writers Network, outlined the various activities of
that organization and presented two young wri-
ters who are current recipients of Arts Council
grants, Robin Henley of UNC-Charlotte, and Rudy
Warren of Winston-Salem. Henley read one of his
humorous short stories, oAll You Can Eat,� and
Warren read several selections of his calypso-in-
fluenced Jamaican poetry to a very appreciative
audience.

In Roy BlountTs keynote address which marked the opening of
the 1989 North Carolina Library AssociationTs Biennial Con-
ference in Charlotte, he stated, oI like libraries. I check out
the card catalog to see if they have any of my books. . . They
are a very un-1980s kind of institution"and thatTs a compli-
ment.� Are we sure of that, Roy?

220"Winter 1989

SOLINET Information Network
NC SOLINET UserTs Group

Speaker Steven Baughman of SOLINET said
that the SOLINET Information Network (SOLINE)
will provide the capability for all libraries in the
southeast to build on the existing, extensive
OCLC online database. Selective users will be
encouraged to tapeload their machine readable
cataloging to enhance holdings information and
level out the lending load.

The goal of SOLINE is to encourage unre-
stricted access to shared resources and the flow
of information in the southeast in order to pro-
vide full access to the information and materials
held in those libraries.

SOLINE will provide a regional database and
ILL network, will improve the distribution of the
ILL lending load, will make possible a single com-
mand to display all union list holdings of serial
titles, will offer selective users access to more bib-
liographic locations outside their group and
reduce paperwork, and will increase efficiency for
participating libraries.

How to Have a ~KnowsT for News
Library Resources Committee

The Library Resources Committee of NCLA
sponsored a program on library newspaper
indexing. Robert Anthony, Wilson Library, UNC-
Chapel Hill, moderated. The speakers were: John
Woodard and Myrtle Little, Baptist Historical Col-
lection, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem;
Martha Lapas, Joyner Library, East Carolina Uni-
versity, Greenville; and Barbara Semonche, Dur-
ham Herald/Sun Company, Durham. These per-
sons discussed the problems and joys of indexing
the Biblical Recorder (specialized publication),
Raleigh News and Observer (state, regional, local
news), and the Durham Morning Herald/Sun
(current news), respectively.

Issues facing newspaper indexers as men-
tioned by the speakers include selecting and/or
developing subject authority lists, deciding on the
scope"what to include and exclude, and what
type of storage medium, retrieval and reproduc-
tion method will be required. Useful information
distributed to participants included the 1989
Directory of Newspaper Indexes Produced by
Libraries in North Carolina, compiled by the
Library Resources Committee.

_ Friends"History"Conservation
Friends of North Carolina Public Libraries

Friends of North Carolina Public Libraries
discussed history and conservation on a program

for which Bob Mowery presided.

* Evelyn Stallings, head of the History-Geneal-
ogy Room at the Rowan County Public Library,
discussed the relation between genealogy and
libraries in an era in which interest in genealogy
has increased. She pointed out that genealogical
researchers are natural friends of libraries and
support libraries in many ways.

Don Etherington, Vice-President of Joseph
Ruzicka Company, discussed conservation and
book binding and preserving family papers. He
reviewed the importance of the storage environ-
ment, stating that a moderate temperature and
fifty-five percent humidity are best. He empha-
sized the importance of enclosing material in
acid-free cases and frames.

Elizabeth Black, President of the Henderson
County Public Library Friends, considered mem-
bership sharing techniques used by her library,
which has a Friends membership of two thou-
sand. They distribute brochures encouraging
people to join and they maintain memberships
through activities such as author book reviews
and fine arts programs. Their Friends group pro-
vides volunteer staff for the library and publishes
a newsletter. She pointed out that Friends, as
friends of the library and also part of the com-
munity, can provide a support system for the
library.

Jackie Beach, director of the Edgecomb
Memorial Library, discussed programs and pro-
gram funding. She pointed out that Friends make
the library visible in the community and she pre-
sented information on a fund raising gala, stress-
ing the importance of good entertainment and
good food. She also suggested having the Friends
cosponsor with other organizations programs
and projects to bring attention to the library.
Kathleen Thompson, Director of the Chapel Hill
Public Library, related the experiences of the
Chapel Hill Public Library Book Sale, which has
been held for nineteen years. The Book Sale
Committee of six members, with much assistance
from other local organizations, raised $19,000 at
its last sale. She pointed out that there was an
auction of special books on Sunday afternoon;
then the sale was held for three days, with books
discounted near the end. An important feature of
the project each year is an evaluation, which is a
discussion of things that went wrong, with deci-
sions on how to do differently another year.

The presentations were followed by round
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Winter 1989"221

NCLA Conference Awards

Lualgia P. Alcorn, Life Membership

Lualgia P. Alcorn is a retired media specialist
with the Greensboro City Schools. Her service to
the profession began in the early days of the
North Carolina Negro Library Association. She
continued her involvement to include member-
ship in the National Education Association, Amer-
ican Library Association and the North Carolina
Library Association, serving on the 1969-71 exec-
utive board of the latter.

Mrs. Alcorn served as a cooperating media
specialist for students from Bennett College,
North Carolina Central University and UNC-
Greensboro. Guys and Dolls, Inc., honored Mrs.
Alcorn with the oAward for Outstanding Services
to Children and Youth.�

Mrs. Alcorn has continued her concern for
libraries by serving on the Greeensboro Public
Library Board of Trustees.

Louise Boone, Life Membership

Louise Boone is the re-
tired Director of the Albe-
marle Regional Public Library
of Winton, N.C., who has
championed the cause of
rural library service for quite
some time.

After having worked as a
journalist for the New York
Herald Tribune and Newsweek magazine, Ms.
Boone got the call to become a librarian and has
worked steadily until her retirement.

Prior to coming to the Albemarle Regional
Library in 1962, she worked at the Charlotte Pub-
lic Library; served two years as an army librarian
in Europe and worked five years as Director of the
Courtland, Virginia, Public Library.

Ms. Boone was a very active member of the
Public Library Section of NCLA, becoming chair-
person of the section as well as serving six years
on the certification committee.

From 1967 to 1975, Ms. Boone built five librar-
ies in her region.

222"Winter 1989

Edith B. Briles, Life Membership

Edith Briles served
twenty-eight years in service
to the state as educator and
librarian. Fourteen of those
years were spent as Director
of Instructional Media for
Randolph County Schools.

She has served as a mem-
ber of the DeanTs Advisory
Committee and Executive Board of the Depart-
ment of Library Science at UNC-Greensboro.

Among her professional affiliations are the
American Library Association, the North Carolina
Library Association, and the North Carolina
Association of School Librarians. Through NCASL,
Mrs. Briles was instrumental in establishing the
oSchool Media Day Program.�

Dorothy W. Campbell, Life Membership

Dorothy Campbell re-
tired from the position of
Assistant Professor of Library
Science in May 1987 after an
exemplary career of forty
years in librarianship. Twen-
ty-three of those years were
spent in service to the James
E. Shepard Memorial Library
and the School of Library and Information Sci-
ences at North Carolina Central University.

Upon her retirement, the oDorothy W. Camp-
bell Distinguished Alumni Lecture Series� was
inaugurated in her honor.

It is in the area of Afro-American resources
and collections that she has lectured and pub-
lished. Her 1983 book entitled Index to Black
American Writers in Collective Biographies was
selected by ALA Reference and Adult Services
Division as one of the outstanding reference
works of 1983.

Among her professional affiliations are ALA,
ACRL, ALISE, and NCLA, the latter for which she
was secretary for the 1985-87 biennium.

Lillie D. Caster, Life Membership

Liilie D. Caster retired in
June 1981 from the position
of Head of Monographic Cata-
loging, D.H. Hill Library at
North Carolina State Univer-
sity. She was a member of the
North Carolina Library Asso-
ciation and very active in the
Resources and Technical Serv-
ices Section.

During her tenure as chairperson of RTSS, she
was instrumental in establishing cataloging inter-
est groups, the fall conference in Southern Pines,
RTSS Breakfast at NCLA, and RTSS first-time
NCLA Conference Attendance Grant. Many of
these activities are still being carried out by the
section. She was co-founder of the North Carolina
Solinet Users Group and chairperson of the
Solinet Database Quality Control Committee.

Since retirement, Ms. Caster published a book
in 1986 entitled The ClassifierTs Guide to LC Class
H: Subdivision Techniques for the Social Sciences.
Still very active, Ms. Caster volunteers for the
North Carolina Museum of Art and tutors for the
Wake County Literacy Council. She also organized
the resource materials for the North Carolina
Council on the Status of Women. Having served
on the Board of Directors for the Wake County
YMCA for two terms, she is compiling a history of
the YMCA.

Clara J. Crabtree, Life Membership

Clara Crabtree began
teacing in 1951 and in 1959
became a librarian. She served
more than 30 years before
retiring in 1985 from the
Durham County School Sys-
tem. She retired from the
position of instructional
director in charge of media
services, having worked for three superintend-
ents.

Mrs. Crabtree led county-wide committees in
several successful projects such as MECCA, Tea-
cher-Parent Resource Centers, and the Involve-
ment of School Media Centers in the Use of
Computers.

As a retiree, Mrs. Crabtree continues to be
very active in civic and church activities.

Gladys Johnson, Life Membership

Gladys Johnson began her career in a joint
appointment to Alexander Graham High School
and the Charlotte Public Library. After teaching
courses in school librarianship at Florida State
College for Women, she assumed the position of
Librarian at Mars Hill College, where she worked
from 1931 to 1944. She was a field librarian for the
North Carolina Library Commission, promoting
and developing libraries in the state. When the old
State Library and the State Library Commission
combined, Gladys assumed the position of Head
of General Reference Services for the North Caro-
lina State Library, as she continued responsibility
for library cooperation projects. Programs which
continue to serve libraries in the state were organ-
ized and implemented. These included a union
catalog, interlibrary loan, state-wide reference
service, special subject collections, the Triangle
Library Truck, the American History Discussion
project, adult continuing education, and film ser-
vice. Gladys Johnson served the people of North
Carolina through their libraries for more than
thirty years.

Marion Middleton Johnson, Life Membership

After a stint with the
New York Public Library,
Marion Johnson returned to
North Carolina as librarian
in the Lee County Public
Library. She was the Director
of the Stanley County Public
Library and later librarian in
the Wilson County Public
Library. In 1960 she joined the staff of the State
Library. Working with a small staff and makeshift
equipment, she organized the State Library Pro-
cessing Center, which she operated for sixteen
years. The Processing Center provided technical
services to public libraries in North Carolina,
releasing the local library staff for services to the
public. In 1969, the duties of Chief of Technical
Services were added. She was appointed Chief
Consultant for Public Library Development, en-
couraging public library directors in the state and
advising them on state aid and construction grant
questions for thirteen years. Marion Johnson
retired in 1988, following forty-two years of serv-
ice to libraries in North Carolina.

Winter 1989"223

I.T. Littleton, Life Membership

I.T. Littleton served D.H.
Hill Library at North Caro-
lina State University for
twenty-eight years prior to
his retirement in 1987. For
twenty-five of those years he
was Director of Libraries. His
contributions to the library
community include serving
as chairman of the University Library Advisory
Council, serving on the Agricultural Information
Network Committee, and serving as chairman of
the Association of Southeastern Research Librar-
ies. He was a member of the first board of direc-
tors which planned the development of the
Southeastern Library Network, SOLINET. He was
a founding member of the Capital Area Library
Association and he worked with the library direc-
tors of the University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill and Duke University in founding and organiz-
ing Triangle Research Libraries Network. In con-
tinuing recognition of his contributions to libraries,
the North Carolina State University Library staff
established an annual I.T. Littleton Seminar ser-
ies on major library issues.

Pauline F. Myrick, Life Membership

Pauline Myrick was a
teacher and principal in the
Carthage Elementary School
when she was asked to work
in the central office of the
Moore County Schools to de-
velop and promote libraries
in the schools of the county.
In 1961, the twenty-five
schools had one full-time librarian; by 1975 each
school had at least one full-time staff person in
the library. She was Director of Intermediate
Instruction and Educational Media, Textbooks,
and In-School Television for the Moore County
Schools. In 1985 she published a history of Moore
County Schools, Treading New Ground"1959-
1985, covering a period of consolidation, merger,
and integration. She served as consultant for
state education programs and agencies. She was
Chair of the North Carolina Association of School
Librarians and President of the North Carolina
Library Association. Pauline Myrick made a dif-
ference in libraries in Moore County and served as
a leader in libraries in the State of North Carolina.

224"Winter 1989

Kenneth C. Royall, Jr., Honorary Membership

Kenneth Royall has been a member of the
North Carolina Senate since 1973, representing
four counties in piedmont North Carolina. He has
been honored for his contributions to the people
of the state by numerous organizations in the
fields of public health and mental health. He was
instrumental in arranging for public libraries in
the state to receive funds for special projects and
supported increases in state aid to public librar-
ies. He was responsible for approval in the Senate
of the landmark North Carolina Documents De-
pository Act, requiring the deposit in libraries of
all documents created by any agency in the state.
Kenneth Royall has been a staunch supporter of
libraries in North Carolina.

Robert W. Williams, Honorary Membership

Robert W. Williams, as
historian, academic adminis-
trator, SOLINET Board mem-
ber, and advisor to the Uni-
versity of North Carolina Li-
brary Advisory Council, has
been a lifelong friend and
champion of university li-
braries. For the past twelve
years he has provided incomparable leadership as
Associate Vice-President for Academic Affairs of
the University of North Carolina System and
Assistant to the President of the University in the
development of university libraries across the
state. The emerging computer-based North Caro-
lina Network of academic libraries is directly the
result of his vision and his determination to
enhance not only the latest technology in the Uni-
versityTs libraries but also to foster library cooper-
ation across the state to the benefit of all North
Carolina citizens.

Diana Young of the Division of the State Library in Raleigh Mr. Joseph Phinazee accepted the NCLA Distinguished Ser-

was presented the NCLA Distinguished Service Award for her vice Award for his late wife, Annette Phinazee, from Nancy
work with childrenTs and young adult services throughout the Brenner, member of the Awards and Life Memberships Com-
state by president Patsy Hansel. mittee.

Carolyn Palmer, media coordinator at East Mecklenburg High School in Charlotte, is shown here receiving the second annual North
Carolina Association of School LibrariansT Media Coordinator of the Year Award. This award, presented by Carol Southerland,
NCASL president, and Wilma Bates, chair of the NCASL Awards and Scholarship Committee, honors a North Carolina school media
coordinator who demonstrates professionalism, dedication, and leadership in the school library/media center setting.

Winter 1989"225

The 1989 North Carolina Library Association and SIRS Intellectual Freedom Awards were presented on October 11 in Charlotte at
the biennial conference of the state association. Elliot Goldstein of the Social Issues Resources Series, Inc. of Boca Raton, Florida,
presented Anne-Marie Elkins of the Braswell Memorial Library, Rocky Mount, the award as Dr. Gene Lanier of East Carolina
University and chair of the Intellectual Freedom Committee of NCLA looked on.

Genealogy/Local History Committee
and Joline Ezzell Win
North Carolina Libraries Awards

The Ray Moore Award was presented to the
Genealogy/Local History Committee of the North
Carolina Library Association at the AssociationTs
awards luncheon. Maurice C. York, chair of the
committee, received the award for the committee
which put together the entire summer 1988 issue,
oEstablishing and Maintaining a Local History Col-
lection.�

The Ray Moore Award, presented to the
author of the best article about public libraries
published in North Carolina Libraries during the
preceding biennium as determined by the jour-
nalTs editorial board, was established by NCLA in
memory of Ray Nichols Moore (1914-1975). Mrs.
Moore was a public librarian in Durham, N.C.,
serving as director of the Stanford L. Warren
Library for twenty-two years. She was also active
in statewide library affairs, first as a member of
the North Carolina Negro Library Association,
then after 1954 as a member of NCLA. At the time
of her death, she was assistant director of the
Durham County Public Library; public library edi-

226"Winter 1989

tor of North Carolina Libraries; and chair of the
Intellectual Freedom Committee of both NCLA
and the Southeastern Library Association.

The Resources and Technical Services Section
awarded the Doralyn Joanne Hickey oBest Article�
Award to Joline R. Ezzell for her article in the
Spring 1989 issue of North Carolina Libraries,
oFrom the Cayman Islands to Washington: Devel-
opment in Academic Libraries.� This award, estab-
lished eight years ago, was named for Ms. Hickey
in August 1987. Ms. Ezzell, special projects librar-
ian at Duke UniversityTs Perkins Library, is the
fifth person to receive this award. a

Southern Harmony

Libraries in Tune for the Future

SELA/TLA Conference

Opryland Hotel
Nashville, Tennessee

December 4-8, 1990

Twentieth-Century Perspectives for
Librarians and Librarianship

Jessie Carney Smith

What a delight to come home again"to
North Carolina, my home state. I am delighted
also because Phillip Ogilvie, in whose honor this
lecture is named, was someone whom I respected
very much. We met early in my Fisk career, often
at meetings of the Southeastern Library Associa-
tion and also at the American Library Association
conferences. We always had something to talk
about. Perhaps the discussion centered on librar-
ies and librarianship, for, as those of you who had
the honor of knowing him recall, those topics
were dear to him. We might have discussed also
world affairs, public policy, or the issues of the
day. We always talked. We had mutual respect for
each other. And so, whatever your reason for
inviting me for this particular lecture, be assured
that Phillip Ogilvie would be pleased.

We are moving into an era that is open for
discussion all around us"the 1990s and the year
2000. There is no magic about these numbers, but
the world is always curious when we move from
one decade to another, from one century to
another. Some are enchanted by the change; oth-
ers are disturbed by it. The unknown is worth
discussing, we say. We know that both the 90s and
the twenty-first century are nearly here. We know
that we will depart from some of our current
thinking patterns and ways of action and face
new ventures and challenges, some of which we
are as yet unable to predict.

Your curiosity reflects the concern of North
Carolina librarians, educators, scholars, policy-
makers and others. Your conference theme,
oDesigning Libraries for the 90s,T attests to a need
that you recognize as worthy of exploration.
Interestingly, the program announcement em-
phasized the word odesigning� and suggests that
some forward-thinking conference planners
realize that revising, redirecting, inventing, and
creating are the key words that will influence
what happens in library programs in the 90s and

Jessie Carney Smith, University Librarian at Fisk University
in Nashville, Tennessee, delivered this address, the Phillip
Ogilvie Lecture, at the 1989 NCLA Biennial Conference in
Charlotte on October 12, 1989.

beyond. My topic, oTwentieth Century Perspective
for Libraries and Librarianship,T aims to satisfy
that curiosity about the 90s and to present some
of the directions that we must take to promote
the smooth, effective transition from this decade
to the next, from this century to the next.

As I explore this topic with you, we must first
determine what the publicTs needs will be. This
aspect will be addressed in my discussion of oA
Planning Imperative.� Once we know these needs,
we must next identify some of the implications
that these issues have for librarians and librar-
ianship. This aspect will be addressed in a review
of oThe Impact of Change on Libraries and Com-
munities.� As we know how our libraries will be
affected, we must identify some of the approaches
for meeting those needs. This aspect will come in
our discussion of oDesigning Library Programs
and Services.� Your role as a bibliophile, a library
financier, a library patron, or a library staff
member will be called into question in my final
discussion on oThe Potential and Challenge of
Change.� Hopefully, these four points will give us
ample food for thought as we move into another
era.

A Planning Imperative

Whether we like it or not, whether we are
equipped to deal with it or not, our nation is faced
with a planning imperative. The terms of this
planning imperative are largely set by the actions
of the federal government. The federal govern-
ment is our largest agency. It must set planning
imperatives or run the risk of losing control of the
nation and failing to help the people cope with
the changes that the future holds. Then, too, the
federal budget must be dealt with, and growth
and change in the country are impacted by fed-
eral dollars and federal spending. The federal
government is our largest research unit. Red tape
and bureaucracy notwithstanding, the federal
government must be a planner and a doer.

There have been many studies and projects
made for the next decade and the beginning of
the next century. One of them, and an important

Winter 1989"227

one, was made in 1988 when Assistant Secretary
of the Treasury for Management John F. W. Rog-
ers and a staff from a variety of federal agencies
examined the work of their offices, set forth some
assumptions, presented some opinions, made
some analyses for the future, and made some pro-
jections regarding the shape of the nation to come
and how change would affect the federal govern-
mentTs ability to deliver services and information
toward the year 2000. oMeeting Public Demands:
Federal Services in the Year 2000,� is the final
report of the review and discussion group. Where
service is concerned, governments, like libraries,
face great expectations from society. The ability
of each to perform those services that are
required of either group is often evaluated in very
personal terms. How quickly are requests filled?
Are expectations filled on time? People are con-
cerned about their own conveniences as personal
time becomes scarce"consumed by the very
essentials of daily living and being.

The document oMeeting Public Demands� is a
planning tool for shaping federal government ser-
vices so that the needs of a changing America are
more effectively and efficiently met. These goals
are:

1. To provide a picture of the environment for

federal services in the year 2000;

2. To assess the steps currently being taken to
improve services; and
3. To recommend those steps necessary to
improve service by bridging the gap between
existing plans and probable future.!
To meet these goals, it follows that emerging
demographic, economic, social, and technological
trends must be identified before paths can be set
for meeting needs and improving services.

The findings are interesting, challenging, dis-
turbing, and useful. oWhile no one can precisely
predict the future, it is not entirely unknown.�
For the purpose of examining the climate for the
growth of the federal government"and libraries
as well"let us examine what the future holds for
1. the U.S. population; 2. the economy; 3. the
work force and the nature of work; 4. the infor-
mation technology revolution; 5. lifestyles; and
6. the federal government itself.

Since the government has a continuing con-
cern for demographics and has made the taking
of various types of censuses an essential part of
its activities, demographic trends are relatively
easy to project. Few surprises in demographics
are expected to occur by the year 2000. Using
1988 as the takeoff point, by 2000 the population
will probably increase from 238.6 million to 268
million, representing a 12.4 percent growth

228"Winter 1989

increase. The median age will rise from 31.5 to
36.6 yars. This will be the result of the aging Baby
Boomers, as well as an increase in life expectancy
for Americans in general. More than 70 million
Americans comprise the Baby Boomer group"
those born between 1946 and 1964. Scientific
developments and improved health care will
extend the life expectancy for all groups to an
average of 72.9 years for men and 81.1 years for
women. As the Baby Boomers become the Baby
Bloomers, their wealth and political power will
make them more influential. They will earn more,
spend more, and become more assertive in their
opinions and voting patterns. They will have a
decidedly important influence on the shaping of
the nation and the world.

Every segment of the population will be
impacted by the growth in the elderly group. Dur-
ing this period, those aged 65 and over will grow
by 22.1 percent, and those aged 75 and older will
increase even more, from 11.8 million to 17.2 mil-
lion, a 45.8 percent increase. This is three times
the rate of increase of the whole population. Atti-
tudes toward the elderly will change to accom-
modate the longer life span and the aging Baby
Boomer group. People will plan better for retire-
ment, live longer in retirement years than earlier
groups, and remain more active in the commu-
nity. In addition, as longevity is extended, those
Americans who are over 65 may opt to work
longer. Politics will become a more vital issue as
the concern for medical care, retirement plans,
and nursing homes become hotter topics.

There will be a marked change in ethnic
makeup of the United States population. Ethnic
minorities will continue to comprise a significant
segment of the population, and they will account
for more of the populationTs growth. Hispanics are
now and will continue to be the fastest growing
segment of the population; this segment will
expand to 25.2 million, a 46 percent growth
increase. The number of new immigrants will
increase, averaging 450,000 persons each year.
While this represents a decrease in the growth
rate seen in 1980 and the level of undocumented
immigration may also fall, the presence of large
numbers of new immigrants with language and
cultural differences clearly impacts on society
and our planning strategies. The growing number
of Hispanics (and in some cases the adherence to
Spanish as the only language), and the effects of
this growing group on the government, employers,
educators, communities, and others will require
great attention.

The Pacific, Northeast, and South will be
affected by a greater share of geographic distribu-

tion of Americans. Smaller gains in growth out-
side the sunbelt will produce matters of concern
for planners in those areas. The composition of
households will change: if the current divorce rate
persists, half of the young children in 1985 will live
in single-parent homes during the 90s. Divorce
and single motherhood affect the economy.
Female heads of households will earn less annual
income than male heads.

The economy may remain much like that of
today. Increasing linkages with the world econ-
omy will impact the growth, inflation, and interest
rates in the United States. Some industries will
reduce drastically their work force, yet some ser-
vice industries will grow.

The work force will grow more slowly than in
recent years. The fastest growing segment of the
work force will be women and minorities, and the
nature of the work itself will change significantly.
Since there has been a drop in the work force
entrants following the passage of Baby Boomers
into that force, the reduction in entrants is
expected to keep unemployment below six per-
cent a year. The female population in the work
force will continue to increase as will working
mothers. Men who are over age fifty-five will have
a declining share in the work force. Women will
comprise the greater share of the work force;
there will be an older working class; and, as a
result, the economy wil benefit. Minorities, espe-
cially Hispanics, will make up a greater share as
the number of black and other nonwhite workers
increases.

Occupational changes will be significant.
Most new jobs will be in the service industries
regardless of the salary levels. oAlmost 40 percent
of new job growth through the year 2000 will be
more highly skilled, higher paying jobs, such as
health diagnosis and treatment, occupations... ,
teachers, librarians, counselors ., general
managers and top executives. . .�3 Advanced edu-
cational levels will not be required for many of the
service jobs. Baby Boomers have caused career
crowding and this could lead to stagnation of
income. As more older people continue to work,
Baby Boomers may retire earlier. Many employees
and employers will choose to work at home.

Information technology is in a revolution.
Some believe that there is now a greater demand
for information, and that more Americans are
working in what some economists call the infor-
mation sector; for example, in fields that produce
information, such as education, research and
development, the media, design, and engineering,
and in fields that use information, such as
finance, government, insurance, and real estate.

We may predict an information infrastructure.
The base of information technology has broad-
ened with the development of microcomputers,
and by 2000 from sixty to sixty-five percent of
households will own one. This has widespread
impact on the work force and libraries. There will
be a proliferation of data communication net-
works (i.e., digital circuitry and electronics), and
by the mid-90s from six to eight businesses and
forty to fifty households will have direct elec-
tronic access to their political representatives in
Washington and in their state capitals. The work
force will be computer literate. Already we have
seen more computers in schools and colleges and
increased demand for training programs in com-
puter applications.

What are we to do with librar-
ians and patrons who are
allergic to change?

We can predict a powerful information
infrastructure. Technology will reduce the num-
bres of clerical and middle managers; there will be
flexible organizational structures (a new general-
ist class that can manage multi-functional sys-
tems); there will be portable expertise (robotics
and other applications of artificial intelligence)
[perhaps contracts will be issued to robots rather
than to people]; and there will be electronic
households with access to extensive consumer
information and perhaps even access to informa-
tion in libraries. More challenging than all of this
is the fact that unforeseen developments in infor-
mation technology will occur and will impact on
work and on leisure.

Lifestyles will undergo drastic change driven
in part by the technology revolution, the economy,
and consumer preferences for immediate conven-
ience. As more women have entered the work
force, the foundation was laid for two-income
families. We have busier lifestyles now; yet,
increasingly, leisure time will become more valued.
oThe most pervasive difference for every Ameri-
canTs lifestyle will be the demand for convenience
.... There will be a marked change in the way
households interact with businesses and other
agencies. The interactive databases will mean
that businesses will develop innovative ways to
persuade people to buy goods and services. The
information and technology revolutions will create
more knowledgeable consumers. Computers will
affect lifestyles even more. They will become easier
to use and more economical, and more people will
be computer literate.

Winter 1989"229

People will become more mobile; there will be
a resurgence in rural life, and commuting will
increase. Attitudes toward education will change.
We know that our best-educated people now are
the Baby Boomers; they will, in turn, require the
same of their children. More attention will be given
to preschool and elementary education, and a
greater percentage of these young people will go
on to college. The trend has already begun. oAs
literary demands increase, in both the technical
and written sense, the ability to function in an
increasingly complicated society becomes more
important. For this reason, the literacy of the
population has and should continue to receive a
high amount of attentionT As more immigrants
come, as unemployment continues, and as some
members of society fail to complete high school,
our nation will still have a problem with illiteracy.

The federal government's ability to deal with
these changes and revolutions will have a signifi-
cant impact on society. The government's ability
to increase its work force is threatened. Competi-
tion for the best prepared will be keen. Slower
growth in the budget is expected to continue.
Overall, the rate of output from the federal
government is unpredictable because of the very
issues and trends just discussed. Thus, these
broad forces that shape the American society
provide the impetus for libraries, governmental
agencies, and other groups to work together to
prepare for the 90s and beyond.

The Impact of Change on Libraries and
Communities

Where have we come from and where are we
going? In the twentieth century alone we have
seen astronomical growth in the size of our com-
munities, in their ethnic makeup, in their political
persuasions and activities, and in the their need
for information. We have seen phenomenal growth
in the number and variety of responses to these
needs. An impressive amount of this response has
come from libraries. The century began with a
handful of libraries scattered about, designed and
administered in an awesome manner that led the
few users to tiptoe around and painfully whisper
their needs. Between 1881 and 1919, industrialist
Andrew Carnegie financed the construction of
1,681 public libraries across the nation® and
countless facilities in academic institutions. Those
were state-of-the-art facilities, but those libraries
also changed. They responded to the request for
an increase in type, number, and location. They
provided for the industrial communities that
developed, and they met the needs of the rural

230"Winter 1989

and elderly residents. They changed! They ex-
panded so much that they could be used no
longer as effective facilities. They were expanded
or abandoned in favor of more up-to-date build-
ings. By the late 1960s we began to marvel over
the predictions for the future. Transmitting doc-
uments electronically? Translating foreign lan-
guage materials? Automated library catalogs? A
computer on every desk? We were hardly able to
envision these revolutionary activities or to pre-
dict how our meager budgets would pay for them.
Time moved on, and we changed.

Change is frightening, uncomfortable, threat-
ening to many Americans. Some people donTt like
change. Yet when we explore what probably will
occur in the next decade, we see clearly the
impact that change will have on nearly every
segment of society. If the number of immigrants
increases, they will need places to live and work. If
the Baby Boomers take early retirement, they will
need to find ways to fill the time once spent burn-
ing themselves out in the workplace. If others
reach retirement age and opt to remain in the
work force, they will still need to learn to live in a
vastly automated society. If longevity continues
on the upswing, people will want quality life and
will need ways to provide that quality. If the
generalist with little advanced education replaces
the specialist in the work place, how much is the
generalist likely to use libraries?

In the technological revolution of the 90s,
when households increasingly add computers
and become involved in home-connected data-
bases and when the whole information and tech-
nological infrastructure expands, what controls
will be required to ensure the proper distribution
of information and the interpretation of it to the
consumer? Our libraries, our communities, and a
variety of agencies will need to stay on the cutting
edge of fields from technology to the arts, from
economics to politics, from medicine to social
programs. Newsweek magazine, October 2, 1989,
notes the importance of innovators, what they
have done, and what they are likely to do in the
90s. They are on the cutting edge in their field,
and they are the ospark of creativity that lights
the way to the future�� Innovation is a number of
things: it is creativity, visionary drive, and a way
to advance ideas. Whether the reference is to
computers or to educational and social programs,
thinking and planning generally occur years
before products and ideas are disseminated.
Librarians, community planners, and others need
to be in think-tank seminars, research laborato-
ries and elsewhere, or see that they are repre-
sented there, to prepare ourselves for the 90s and

beyond. Ken Biba of Agilis Corporation, who is
quoted in the Newsweek article, gives us a mes-
sage that bears consideration: oItTs easy to build
products that are an extension of the past. ItTs
harder to build a product that provides a bridge
into the future.�

Designing Library Programs and Services

The trendsetting ideas of the federal govern-
ment discussed in the first section of this speech
may have us far off base. One may use past and
current data to make some predictions, but there
are always those unforeseen variables that impact
on progress and change. What about the viruses
that invade the best laid plans and ideas, that
force us to ignore predictions and deal with what
becomes the reality? It is true that we have found
ways to wipe out computer viruses in ways that
appear now to be effective, but there is always that
unforeseen problem in any entity, whether compu-
ter, social program, or library. We must not live
under threat and with fear; yet we must be cau-
tiously optimistic in designing for the 90s and
flexible enough to adapt programs and plans to
fit the circumstances and changed need.

We are entering one of the most challenging
eras in our history. With the almost limitless use
of computers and technology, with the cost

becoming more and more affordable, some of us
will be in position to design new systems while
others will be able to buy commercial packages
that fit our special circumstances. As omicro� and
oonline� activities assume more importance in the
library, the world of books will, too. Not every-
thing will be omicro� and oonline� and CD-ROM.
Space will become more of a premium than it is
now"for staff, for resources, for places in which
to perform new and greater services, and, we
hope, for patrons.

As I mentioned earlier, the flyer announcing
this conference emphasizes the word odesigning.�
The manner in which the word is presented
clearly suggests the importance of planning,
arranging, inventing, and effecting programs to
address the needs of users, non-users and would-
be users of libraries. We need not be uniform in
the development of libraries and the delivery of
services, for there is much to be said for meeting
needs of the primary patron served. If our con-
cern is with a national library"the National Agri-
cultural Library, the Library of Medicine, or the
Library of Congress (if we accept the fact that it
functions as a national library), we know that the
needs of the primary patron"the national public
"are addressed. If our concern is with the State
Library, St. MaryTs College, or Charlotte-Mecklen-

When it comes to service,
EBSCO believes in ~oo~being there.�T

EBSCO has Sales Representatives who, through the years, have traveled
hundreds of thousands of miles and worn out scores of shoes just to oobe
thereT for our customers. ThatTs because we feel that fo offer truly
professional service we must offer truly personal service.

At EBSCO, we think librarians should be served by experienced serials
professionals who will obe there� for them. Isn't that what you expect
from a professional subscription agency?

EBSCO

SUBSCRIPTION SERVICES
8000 Forbes Place, Suite 204 * Springfield, VA 22151
703-321-9630 (Tel) * 800-368-3290 (Outside VA) * 703-321-9159 (Fax)

Winter 1989"231

A

berg County Public Library, the needs are more
localized.

Never before in the history of libraries in
America has the potential for designing innova-
tive library programs and services been more
exciting and challenging than it is today. Many
leaders recognize the need for additional.research
before moving into the future. The U.S. Depart-
ment of Education, for example, proposes a
library research agenda to examine some key
issues that impact our future. What will happen
to libraries? Will they become obsolete? Will they
usher society into the Information Age of the
future? These are some of the typical questions
raised, and responses from some experts in the
field are being published in Rethinking the
Library, a proposed three-volume document
from the U.S. Department of Education, Office of
Library Programs. Volumes I and II have been
issued, while Volume III should be available in
1989. If you have not done so, I urge you to order
the free set from the Department of Education.
The project has an enormous research agenda,
yet it is no more enormous than we need as we
approach the year 2000. It also takes some great
strides in clarifying issues for the profession.

American Libraries, January, 1989, summar-
izes quite succinctly the contents of the volumes?
The experts from the field developed the agenda
in a series of meetings, and eleven experts were
commissioned to write nine essays on broad
issues emanating from these sessions. These
include library education, library economics, and
information policies. Questions and issues raised
concern the effectiveness of the core curricular
program in library education, practicums, and
the length of degree programs. There is a discus-
sion on the need for a unified view of librarian-
ship, and less emphasis on vocational and more
on intellectual activities. One expert is concerned
with new technologies and challenges the prob-
lems that these technologies pose to librarians.
Their self-perception as expert mediators between
user and information is of great concern. There is
also a call for more experimentation, particularly
with controlled vocabularies and semantic net-
works. The final volume will give recommenda-
tions on improving the library research infra-
structure.

The eighteen-month publication was initiated
in 1986 and the agenda was set by ofield-nomi-
nated� experts who identified areas that they
considered oresearchable.� The essays that have
been prepared or planned are especially impor-
tant for those concerned with the future of librar-
ianship. They also serve as evidence that group

232"Winter 1989

after group is looking into the future trying to
determine where we should be going, why, how we
should get there, and what will happen when we
get there.

My friends and colleagues, there are many
questions regarding libraries in the 90s, but there
are no easy solutions. I am reminded here of my
favorite cartoon character, Ziggy, who often finds
himself in a rather precarious situation. He too
has been affected by new technology, and he has
been known to associate with computers in pub-
lic. In one instance, as Ziggy sat at the computer,
a message on the screen read: oThatTs the third
time you've punched the wrong button .... Why
donTt you just go watch some cartoons and let me
handle this.� As librarians, sometimes we will need
to go away and let technology take over.

Ziggy also has been disturbed that PCs were
too personal, and he has encountered signs that
read oYou are here,� when everyone else thought
he was somewhere else. As the publicTs leisure
time increases and the need for different kinds of
information intensifies, our library programs and
services will become more personal. But we must
avoid being here, one place, when all research and
all odds say we should be somewhere else.

The Potential for Challenge of Change

What are we to do with librarians and
patrons who are allergic to change? To those who
are afraid to push buttons or rock the boat? To
those who think in old, slow, ineffective terms: oWe
used to do it this way.� We win some and we lose
some, as the saying goes; therefore circumstances
will compel some of us to let old ideas give way to
the new. The technology revolution will intensify
and use of some technology will be a matter of
survival. I am persuaded that technology will
have the greatest impact on all of the changes
predicted for the 90s and beyond. Technology will
not replace the human touch entirely, but it will
shape the way we deal with changes in society,
leisure time, nature of the work force, the increas-
ing elderly population, and the library programs
and research activities that experts from the
profession have identified.

The potential for libraries to become a more
viable force in the community, the work place,
education, and in leisure must be fully and effec-
tively realized. The change that can occur will not
happen in a meaningful way unless networks of
people and agencies work to bring it about. The
new and continuing partnerships in the informa-
tion infrastructure will help make change mean-
ingful. Into the 90s and beyond, I see the following
developments:

1. There will be greater access to information.
Our local, state and national associations will
promote and ensure full access to libraries and
information by all citizens. Barriers, whether
physical, economic, linguistic, or other, will be
removed, and libraries will become greater agents
in the successful operation of the information
infrastructure and megastructure.

2. Libraries will become more involved in the
political process. As funding needs for libraries
increase and the public demands more and more
from us, we will become more involved in the lives
of political candidates and what happens in
Washington. The second White House Conference
on Libraries and Information Services (WHCLIS),
scheduled for July 9-13, 1991, will again give
librarians a public political platform to make
their needs heard and felt.

3. There will be more computer literate
librarians and patrons. The almost limitless uses
of new technology will set an imperative that ev-
eryone must meet in one way or another. From
more user-friendly PCs to CD-ROMs; from online
catalogs to a program as specialized as the
National ArchivesT WORM (Write-Once-Read-
Many) optical discs with a lifetime of up to one
hundred years; from databases in households to a
variety of technology that increases access to
information"bibliographic, full text and full
image; and to types of high-tech products still
uninvented or unreleased from the drawing
boards, the imperative for librarians and users
will be met in one way or another.

4. Libraries and librarians will continue to
place great emphasis on intellectual freedom. We
will continue to deplore the FBITs invasion of our
libraries and records to determine who uses what
and why. Electronic access to data also has the
potential for easy monitoring of users and their
activities. As the composition of communities
change and as the information infrastructure
expands, we will ensure that oneTs freedom to
read and learn is protected and maintained.

5. The public will have increased awareness
of libraries and information resources. Promo-
tional programs and the very nature of the way
information is collected, preserved and dissemi-
nated will impact significantly on the publicTs
need to know and ability to find out.

6. We will establish new linkages with the
federal government in information access and
delivery. Partnerships will include a variety of
agencies, local, national and international. As a
primary user of information, the government will
take a more meaningful role in accessing and dis-
seminating information, both for its own pur-

poses and to meet the needs of users here and
abroad.

In the 90s, then, let the word go out that Car-
lyle, Addision, and other writers and philosophers
of earlier times who are quoted so often in library
publications for their insightful views of the world
of books may be forced to give way to quotations
from new philosophers whose experiences have
been both in the world of books and in the world of
technology. Let the key word be information, and
let it be gained through the most appropriate
means possible. Before the 90s are over, we will be
searching for answers to what the decades of
2000 will hold for us. The search goes on; and so
will libraries and information sources.

References
1. Meeting Public Demands: Federal Services in the Year 2000.
President's Council on Management Improvement. (Washing-
ton, D.C.: 1988).
2. Ibid., 2.
Ibid., 13.
Ibid., 18.
Ibid., 20.
American Libraries 20 (June 1989): 483.
Newsweek, October 2, 1989: 34-35.
Ibid., 35.
American Libraries 20 (January 1989): 16. al

OOANAAPw

Winter 1989"233

Management Style: At Least Once Ride
A Wild Horse into the Sun

Jerry D. Campbell

Perhaps you do not wish to make a differ-
ence. After all, it is no crime to avoid confronta-
tions and controversies. Maybe what you really
like is a status quo operation. Perhaps you devote
your skills and energies to keeping the peace. You
apply all your management training and what we
generally mean by your management style to
smoothing the ripples and steadying the boat.

When you have an unworkable, undesirable
situation in your area"perhaps a problem em-
ployee"you really hope the problem will just go
away. Addressing problems, especially personnel
problems, is unpleasant and can disrupt the
morale of the whole library. You prefer just to
avoid the matter when you can. If you canTt avoid
it, you try to work around the problem, spreading
the work to other employees. In the worst cases,
you let the hard workers carry the slough-offs.
Better that than get everyone and everything in a
stew.

Dr. Jerry Campbell, Vice Provost for Library Affairs and Uni-
versity Librarian at Duke University, delivered this address at
the Library Administration and Management SectionTs pro-
gram at the NCLA biennial conference.

234"Winter 1989

I suspect that this describes more of us than
we like to admit. This is management by avoid-
ance. If management by avoidance is your prac-
tice, it is unlikely that you will ever reach
whatever real potential you have in management
and leadership.

My topic is management style. But since ITve
made reference to a line from a poem by Hannah
Kahn in my title, I will take some opoetic license�
with the topic. After all, it really doesnTt matter
much what your management style is. DoesnTt
matter much at all. You may fit any one of the
classic Myers-Briggs personality types and still fail
miserably at management. Or you may be any one
of the types and succeed brilliantly. You may sub-
scribe to Theory X or Theory Y or any other the-
ory and succeed or fail. You see, itTs not style in
either of these senses that makes the difference
between success and failure. ItTs not style in either
of these senses that makes you reach your poten-
tial as a manager"or keeps you from it.

Style in both these senses is just a diagnosis of
your personal proclivities. Certainly you ought to
know what your personal proclivities are in what
we might call the classic categories. You ought to
know whether you are process oriented or goal
oriented; whether you derive conclusions primar-
ily by thinking or by intuiting; whether you tend to
make up your own mind or whether you prefer to
know what others think first; or whether you
incline to the hierarchical or the participative
environment, Self-knowledge is a starting point
for everything you undertake"and thatTs no reve-
lation. You need realistic ~self-knowledge so that
you can learn how best to apply your talents, how
to compensate for your weaknesses, and how to
supplement the gaps in your own skills with the
strengths of those whom you choose to be your
colleagues. But even with the benefit of self-
knowledge, it is not your style that matters. ItTs
what you do with it.

So, I want to talk about management style in
a slightly different sense. Much could be said
about style in the context of this different sense,
but three things stand out, and I will focus my

observations on these three elements of style.
They are, I believe, universally applicable and crit-
ically important if you are to reach your potential.
They are important because management is not a
game; itTs not an undertaking to be entered into
lightly. ItTs not something you ought to get into
just to enhance your salary, to improve your
resume, or to alleviate boredom. All manage-
ment"and I mean management at every level"has
as its purpose nothing less than carrying out the
mission of the parent institution. If you do not
know what that mission is and if you are not sup-
portive of it, in the end you cannot effectively
manage an institution or any of its parts.

These three elements of management style
are important not only because your manage-
ment affects the institutionTs pursuit of its mis-
sion, but also because your management affects
the lives and careers of your colleagues. For better
or worse, management affects peoplesT lives. This
is so whether you manage a hundred people, one
person, or only yourself. You cannot arrange it
otherwise. If you practice management by avoid-
ance, you only postpone and therefore accumu-
late problems. You may even defer them to your
successor, but the impact on human lives occurs
nonetheless and will be the greater for the delay.

This is only to say by way of preface that
management is a high stakes game for both insti-
tutions and people.and that this is reason enough
to enter it advisedly and to take it seriously once
you enter it.

Here then are the three elements of manage-
ment style that I find common to all great manag-
ers and that can shape your own effectiveness.

Element of Management Style #1: There Must
Be an Evil Dragon Laying Waste to Your
Territory, and You Must Be On a Quest

You cannot be a successful manager if you
operate in a business-as-usual mode. Management
by avoidance is one form of a business-as-usual
approach. This, or any other form of business-as-
usual, is a timid and reticent approach. It is dull,
lackluster, and devoid of spirit. It doesnTt create
enthusiasm. It kindles neither love nor hate,
neither respect nor fear. With it you cannot evoke
inspired performance from yourself or from oth-
ers. Indeed, business-as-usual will eventually lead
you to a sense of purposelessness or even burn-
out. It will, at best, allow you to lead your unit to
the level of hopeless mediocrity. Business-as-
usual is a mode of operation best carried out in
graveyards and cemeteries. Business-as-usual is
what you have when you have no dragons.

I refer you to the sad poem by W.H. Auden,
entitled oAnd the Age Ended.� It goes like this:

And the age ended, and the last deliverer died

In bed, grown idle and unhappy; they were safe:
The sudden shadow of the giantTs enormous calf
Would fall no more at dusk across the lawn outside.

They slept in peace: in marshes here and there no doubt
A sterile dragon lingered to a natural death,

But in a year the spoor had vanished from the heath;
The koboldTs knocking in the mountain petered out.

Only the sculptors and poets were half sad,

And the pert retinue from the magicianTs house

Grumbled and went elsewhere. The vanquished powers were
glad

To be invisible and free: without remorse

Struck down the sons who strayed into their course,

And ravished the daughters, and drove the fathers mad.!

If you are going to manage the fate of an
organizational unit, large or small, you must be
committed to a purpose, a mission. Without it you
will, like AudenTs deliverer, grow idle and unhappy
and die in bed every day you go to work. You need
a fire-breathing dragon, and you must burn with
your own inner fire to slay the monster. Enter
management like St. George . . . clad in the armor
of your commitment, armed with your native abil-
ities and your acquired skills, driven by your
pledge to rid the territory of this scourge. Enter
management ready to do battle. And if on some
glorious day you slay your dragon, why then so
long as you continue to wear the armor, you must
set out after another. A dragon slayerTs work is
never done.

We library managers are exceedingly lucky
when it comes to dragons, in that we have so
many of them available to us. We have dragons
around every corner and in every department.
Some are large and some are small. Backlogs are
dragons; poor service is a dragon; the inability to
get books reshelved quickly after periods of heavy
use is a dragon; lack of space is a dragon; poor
supervision is a dragon; out-of-date conceptual
procedures (like AACR II) are dragons; ineffi-
cient, labor intensive, and costly work methods
are dragons. There is a dragon custom designed
and waiting for every library manager at every
managerial level. There is a dragon waiting for
you. You have only to take up the quest.

The point of Element of Management Style
#1 is that in order to succeed in management, to
really reach your potential, you must have zeal for
some cause appropriate to your organization and
situation. Call it a sense of mission, call it purpose,
call it a dragon, but without it you will not have
the courage necessary to address the problems or

Winter 1989"235

the stamina necessary to see them through to
solutions. Without it you, like AudenTs sad deliv-
erer, will grow idle and unhappy and die in the
bed of every workday.

Element of Management Style #2: You Must
Find a Way to Get Out of the Mosquitoes

Every library is an Alaskan tundra teeming
with billions of mosquitoes. Their favorite food is
you, the library manager. They will swarm you.
They will attack every bit of exposed skin. They
will try to follow you home at night. If you let
them, the teeming cloud of library mosquitoes will
drive you to distraction. They might even drive
you mad. Or worse, they might clog your breath-
ing passages until you feel that you are choking.

Those hundreds of little things you have to do
are mosquitoes. The myriad things you must
remember are mosquitoes. The reports you write
are mosquitoes. The meetings you sit through are
mosquitoes. Phone calls are mosquitoes. The
things on the list on that card in your pocket are
mosquitoes. I am talking about the things, the
activities, that fill your days, haunt your nights,
and still are never finished.

If management by avoidance
is your practice, it is unlikely
that you will ever reach what-
ever real potential you have
in management and leader-
ship.

Every manager, of course, has to slap mosqui-
toes. ItTs part of every managerial job. Your job
description specifies its list of duties (and, as we
all learn, implicitly requires many more), and they
have to be done. ITm not suggesting that anyone
neglect such routine necessities. The welfare of
the organization depends upon their being done.
We must all regularly take our turns out on the
tundra dispensing with mosquitoes. But if you
want to reach your management potential, you
must find a way to escape them regularly and
systematically.

I firmly believe"and I have written to this
effect"that, as a manager, you have the respon-
sibility to think about your organizational unit.
Certainly you may invite others to help you in
such thinking. But in the end, you and you alone
bear the responsibility. By virtue of your thinking,
you must lead your unit into the future. And if it is
an inglorious future, devoid of genius and bereft

236"Winter 1989

of creativity, you have only to look as far as the
mirror to affix the blame.

Now, thinking is not in itself a difficult enter-
prise. Even creative thinking, once you've had a
little experience, is not so hard. But thinking is
utterly impossible when you're distracted by
slapping mosquitoes. This is a universal principle.
It doesnTt matter how good you are, or how good
you think you are, at management, you are not
good enough to meet your potential without
stepping aside from the distractions of the rou-
tine. This has been known for centuries, but it is
ever worth remembering. Let me illustrate this
point with a description of what we might call the
management style of Gautama Buddha written by
Huston Smith:

Nearly half a century followed during which Buddha
trudged the dusty paths of India until his hair was white, step
infirm, and body naught but a burst drum, preaching the ego-
shattering, life-redeeming elixir of his message. He founded an
order of monks, challenged the deadness of Brahmin society,
and accepted in return the resentment, queries, and bewilder-
ment his words provoked. His daily routine was staggering. In
addition to training monks, correcting breaches of discipline,
and generally directing the affairs of the Order, he maintained
an interminable schedule of public preaching and private coun-
seling, advising the perplexed, encouraging the faithful, and
comforting the distressed. [It was said that] oTo him people
come right across the country from distance lands to ask quest-
ions, and he bids all men welcome.� Underlying his response to
these pressures, and enabling him to stand up under them was a
pattern which [Arnold] Toynbee has found basic to creativity in
all history, the pattern of owithdraw and return.� [Before he
began his career] Buddha withdrew for six years, then returned
for forty-five. But each year [of the forty-five] was similarly
divided; nine months in the world, [the three months of] the
rainy season spent in retreat with his monks. His daily cycle too
was patterned to this mold; his public hours were long, but three
times a day he withdrew that through meditation he might re-
store his center of gravity to its sacred inner pivot?

I am not suggesting, of course, that you must
become a Buddhist in order to excel at manage-
ment. All of the great spiritual belief systems rec-
ognize the need for a powerful solitude and would
serve equally well with examples. Examples are
also available from the biographies of many great
women and men without reference to religion.
The point is that, like batteries, we require regular
recharging in order to function continually at
peak power.

Vacations can count as periods of powerful
solitude that clear your mind, restore your vigor,
and refocus your sense of mission"but they usu-
ally donTt. Vacations have mostly become some-
thing other than refreshing occasions for con-
templation. ItTs hard to drive three thousand
miles, visit five friends and fourteen relatives,
walk forty miles through Disney World, tolerate
screaming children in the car, replace a blownout

tire, and return rested and refocused on your
work. You'll come back needing relief from your
vacation.

What ITm suggesting is a weekly, if not daily,
respite"a time aside. Put it on your calendar...
oThursday, 3-3:30 p.m. Get out of mosquitoes.
Hold all calls.� DonTt write letters you owe; donTt
return calls; donTt draft that report; donTt read
your mail. Find yourself a quiet place, pour your-
self a cup of coffee. If you have an office, shut the
door, lean back in your chair, and think.

That period of recharging"when you get out
of the mosquitoes"is a most extraordinary time. It
can renew your energy. It can bring forth your
creativity. It can transform your management
career. Without it, you will never escape the ordi-
nary.

Withdraw and return"taking the time to col-
lect yourself, taking the time for undistracted
thoughtfulness, getting out of the mosquitoes"
this is the second element of style crucial to the
development of your management potential.

Sound analysis and deliberate
rational assessment do not
solve problems... You solve

problems.

Element of Management Style #3: You Must
Ride A Wild Horse into the Sun

Good homework and clear understanding are
important. You must have an accurate concep-
tual and procedural grasp of the organizational
unit you manage. I say this only to make it clear
that I do not disavow the value of the analytical
aspect of management. But libraries tempt you to
carry the analytical approach to extremes.

Library managers are tempted to analyze
everything. It is our quintessential approach to
management. How many analytical, evaluative
reports have you written? How many are on your
shelves? How many unfulfilled strategic plans are
gathering dust in your files? I just agreed to par-
ticipate in a review of a well-known university's
library and received for my preparation over 250
pages of details and information.

Sound analysis and deliberate rational assess-
ment do not solve problems. They provide infor-
mation; they improve understanding; they reveal
options. But they do not solve problems. You solve
problems. And the options revealed by analysis
and assessment are virtually guaranteed in them-
selves to hold no creativity.

FOREIGN BOOKS
and PERIODICALS

CURRENT OR OUT-OF-PRINT

SPECIALTIES:
Search Service
Irregular Serials
International Congresses
Building Special Collections

ALBERT J. PHIEBIG INC.
Box 352, White Plains, N..Y. 10602

You turn to analysis and assessment, how-
ever, because they offer the most immediate and
easy way to engage an issue, to begin to do some-
thing. You set up a task force to analyze the prob-
lem; you call around to see what other libraries
are doing about it; and you write a report. Your
conclusion may not be brilliant, but it feels safe. If
it is brilliant, it is undoubtedly because you've bor-
rowed an idea from someone else somewhere else
who, thank goodness, took a different approach
to the problem.

But if you really want to reach your potential
as a manager, you too must take a different
approach"youTve got to dare to step beyond the
merely rational and analytical. I chose the meta-
phor for this third point from a poem by Hannah
Kahn entitled oRide a Wild Horse.� She writes:

Ride a wild horse

with purple wings
striped yellow and black
except his head

which must be red.

Ride a wild horse
against the sky"
hold tight to his wings

Winter 1989"237

before you die
whatever else you leave undone

once ride a wild horse
into the sun?

You've got to move beyond the merely
rational and analytical. You must ride the wild
horse of your own creativity. Of course itTs risky.
Almost certainly no one else will have tried your
wild horse solution. ItTs what you and you alone
have to offer. And itTs what your library and this
profession desperately need.

DonTt tell me that you have no creativity to
offer. I will not believe you. I will believe that you
donTt want to go to the trouble. I'll believe that
you're afraid to take the risk. I'll believe that
you've never tapped your creative resources, that
you've never experienced your own creativity,
that you donTt know how. But I will not believe
that you have only the rational and ordinary to
offer. And you must offer more to reach your full
potential. So the third element of management
style crucial to your career is a bold, risk-taking,
creative approach.

You must ride the wild horse
of your own creativity.

Conclusion

Dragons, mosquitoes, and wild horses are
metaphors that suggest the secrets of truly great
management style"sense of mission and com-
mitment, undistracted thoughtfulness and reflec-
tion, and bold creativity. These are elements of
style that matter.

But beware. They will lead you into action.
They will equip you with power. They will cause
you to make a difference. Then again, perhaps you
do wish to make a difference.

References
1. W.H. Auden, And the Age Ended in poetry is for people, edited
by Martha McDonough and William C. Doster (Boston: Allyn and
Bacon, 1965), p. 204.
2. Huston Smith, The Religions of Man (New York: Harper &
Row, 1958), pp. 95-96.
3. Hannah Kahn, Ride a Wild Horse in poetry is for people, p.

24.
al

238"Winter 1989

Instructions for the Preparation
of Manuscripts

for North Carolina Libraries

1. North Carolina Libraries seeks to publish articles, book
reviews, and news of professional interest to librarians in
North Carolina. Articles need not be of a scholarly nature, but
they should address professional concerns of the library
community in the state.

2. Manuscripts should be directed to Frances B. Bradburn, Edi-
tor, North Carolina Libraries, Joyner Library, East Carolina
University, Greenville, N.C. 27858.

N.C. 27604.

3. Manuscripts should be submitted in triplicate on plain white
paper measuring 84� x 11�.

4. Manuscripts must be double-spaced (text, references, and
footnotes). Manuscripts should be typed on sixty-space lines,
twenty-five lines to a page. The beginnings of paragraphs
should be indented eight spaces. Lengthy quotes should be
avoided. When used, they should be indented on both mar-
gins.

5. The name, position, and professional address of the author
should appear in the bottom left-hand corner of a separate
title page.

6. Each page after the first should be numbered consecutively
at the top right-hand corner and carry the author's last name
at the upper left-hand corner.

7. Footnotes should appear at the end of the manuscript. The
editors will refer to The Chicago Manual of Style, 13th edition.
The basic forms for books and journals are as follows:

Keyes Metcalf, Planning Academic and Research Li-
brary Buildings. (New York: McGraw, 1965), 416.

Susan K. Martin, oThe Care and Feeding of the MARC
Format,� American Libraries 10 (September 1979): 498.

8. Photographs will be accepted for consideration but cannot be
returned.

9. North Carolina Libraries is not copyrighted. Copyright rests
with the author. Upon receipt, a manuscript will be acknowl-
edged by the editor. Following review of a manuscript by at
least two jurors, a decision will be communicated to the wri-
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incoming manuscript will be added to a manuscript from
which articles are selected for each issue.

Issue deadlines are February 10, May 10, August 10, and
November 10.

PONT! SARTRE Mae Ss Fae SES Aiea aS) i LN

Old and Rare Books: A Practical
Approach For Librarians

Tom Broadfoot

In almost twenty years of dealing with old
books and old and new librarians, I have found
that most librarians view old and rare books and
patrons with old books as one of the most baffling
and aggravating aspects of their profession, and
rightfully so. Much of the public expects the local
library to be the depository of all printed mate-
rials, old and rare, and they place the librarian as
guardian guru atop the book pile"watchdog and
authority of all. Unfortunately, most librarians
donTt know a hill of beans about old and rare
books and most could care less. Thus, when public
expectation and the inevitable exposure to old
and rare that every library experiences meet with
the librarianTs lack of knowledge, pain in the lower
posterior is the result.

However, be consoled in the knowledge that
the chance of you or your patrons finding a very
rare book ($1000 and over) unawares is about the
same as a person who has never been fishing
breaking the blue marlin record. In twenty years
of old books every day, all day, I have stumbled
upon very few rare books in settings where the
worth was not well-known: only one book worth
over $10,000 and perhaps ten worth over $1000.
Most rare books are owned by persons or institu-
tions who know what they have. They are not
going to dump their mother lode on the library
steps or ask you about book care or values.

However, you will often need to know about
old books. Consider the following and your reac-
tions:

oWhatTs my old Bible worth?�

oWho buys old books?�

oThese books ITm giving to the library are val-
uable and I want you to keep them forever, in a
special locked case with my husbandTs skull and
my stuffed poodle, Fifi.�

Tom Broadfoot, owner of Broadfoot Publishing Company,
based this address given to the Resources and Technical Serv-
ices Section on his experiences as a rare book dealer since
1971. He has written a price guide on Civil War books and
issued almost two hundred catalogs of out-of-print and rare
books, maps, and manuscripts. In addition, he is a book pub-
lisher and has issued almost five hundred books since 1975.

oPlease tell me what these books are worth so
I can deduct them on my taxes.�

oThis book is rare and valuable and should
never have been placed on open shelving. It needs
to be in a locked case.�

My old cookbook is falling apart. Who can fix
Vien

oYou sold a book in the book sale for $.50 that
was worth $100 and my brother knows a trustee
of the library and ITm going to tell him to tell her
and you'll get fired.�

oI found hundreds of old letters from the
1870s. What should I do with them?�

oWhat should I do to take care of my old
books?�

If you have easy answers for the above, stop
here; give yourself a star for being well-informed
and read no further. If, however, the answers
weren't so quick and easy, keep on reading. What I
have to say will be brief, practical, and sensible.

Identification

How does one weed the wheat from the
chaff? Rather than say which books are of value, it
is far easier and clearer to delineate which books
have little value. The following guidelines usually
eliminate ninety-nine percent of old books as
being of little value.

Of Little Value

@ Damaged books: There is a catechism in the
book world, oWhat three factors determine
value?� Answer: ocondition, condition, condi-
tion.� A volume missing any part, a cover, a
page or any portion of a printed page is
almost always of little value; consider a Chip-
pendale chair lacking one leg.

®@ Religious books, unless printed in the U.S.
before 1800.

® Fiction, unless in fine condition by a house-
hold name author.

@ Picture and illustrated books, unless the illus-
trations are such that you wouldn't object to
having one framed and put over your mantle.

® Books on politics.

Winter 1989"239

® Sets of books, unless of fine binding, fine illus-
trations or of such detail that it may be the
final work on the subject"subject not being
religion, literature, politics.

@ Leather bound books unless small, of brilliant
color, and in fine condition.

®@ Newspapers, unless HarperTs Weekly 1861-65

(however, keep three sets of all local papers and

publications).

@ Magazines, regardless of age.
@ Atlases after 1900.
® Book club titles.

Of course, there are exceptions to the above,
but they are surprisingly few. So, which books
may have value? The above guidelines will answer
that also, just reverse them, i.e.:

® Religious books printed in the U.S. before
1800.

® Fiction in fine condition by household name
authors where the copyright page has the
original copyright date or states first edition.

® Caveat: any material, book, pamphlet, news-
paper, printed in the South between 1861 and

1865 is a Confederate Imprint and all are

valuable.

Evaluation

Pinning down the exact value of a book is
difficult. If you have books which you think are
valuable, I suggest you call in a bookdealer. Select
a dealer, buy a book from him once in a while, and
in return you can call him when you have books to
weed or evaluate. Most questions can be an-
swered easily over the phone. I evaluate books for
librarian friends without charge and they in turn,
in addition to an occasional purchase, alert me
when collections become available and inform me
of duplicates and discards that might be of inter-
est.

What to do with patrons who must know
what their books are worth? Tell them the world
of old and rare is most vast and complicated and
that you are no expert, but that you have the
latest in reference material and steer them as fol-
lows. The chances are they won't find any specific
reference to their volumeTs value, but you will
have provided references, and by using them, they
will determine for themselves that evaluating
books is no easy matter.

First, expose them to the above guidelines.
That will satisfy about ninety-eight percent of
their questions. Bibles alone compose fifty per-
cent of all old book queries. If they are not satis-
fied or still have reason to think their volume to
be of value, I suggest the following references:

240"Winter 1989

Van Allen Bradley. Tie Book CollectorTs
Handbook of Values, 1982 edition. Order
from: The Putnam Publishing Group, 200 Mad-
ison Avenue, New York, NY 10016. Telephone:
212-576-8908. Cost: approximately $40.00. Good
general guide with useful points for identifying
first editions of fiction; values tend to be
inflated. Regretfully, out of print.

If you have money to burn and wish to really
wow your customers, you might consider the fol-
lowing tomes, the second of which is vastly over-
priced:

BookmanTs Price Index. A twice yearly listing
from dealersT catalogs. The chance of finding a
specific title is slim, but descriptions of book
conditions are included. Thus, a better value
indicator than Bradley. Order from: Gale
Research, Inc., Book Tower, Department 77748,
Detroit, MI 48277-0748. Telephone: 313-961-
2242. $180.00

American Book Prices Current. Issued annu-
ally, a listing of books sold at auction; a wide
variety; prices tend to be on a wholesale level.
Order from: American Book Prices Current,

Bancroft-Parkman, Inc., P.O. Box 1236, Wash-
ington, CT 06793. $390.00

You can also refer patrons to bookdealers,
but tell them that appraisals are expensive. A bet-
ter idea is to host a book evaluating night every
year or so. Call in a book dealer and, either for free
or asmall fee, let him spend an evening evaluating
books and explaining book values. If handled with
foresight, such an evening can produce a good
crowd, create a lot of satisfied patrons, and be
most enjoyable.

Selection

Having identified certain books as rare, which
ones should you keep? In addition to whatever
specialized area of interest your library may have,
I would suggest retaining multiple copies of all
local newspapers and periodicals. If you live in
Podunk, the odds are that the only complete file
of the Podunk Daily is at the library. I know of
more than one instance where the local library
discarded the only complete run of the town
newspaper"and in doing so lost the best source
of history and genealogy in the region. Also, keep
old letters and manuscripts you are offered, if
need be in boxes, until they can be evaluated. Dis-
card whatever is left after adding to the special-
ized collection of local history. What need does
the library have for a rare book on embalming?

Disposition

Do not fill shelves and rooms with material
just because it is rare and you donTt know what
else to do. This is a common situation which I call
the treasure room syndrome.

Frequently, I am called to libraries, usually
following a change of command. The new librar-
ian has discovered that along with her job she has
inherited a room full of old books, in fact every old
book that came into the library for years. Rather
than evaluate, select, keep and discard, the
predecessor solved the problem by keeping every-
thing and locking it away. DonTt be a predecessor.
Weed with ovigah� and discard with courage.
You're the librarian and you're paid to do a job.
Getting rid of books is as much a part of the job as
buying books. DonTt worry about the busybodies
who are sure to shriek when the first book goes
out the door; but donTt be improvident either. If
you have a large. lot of old books which you sus-
pect are of value, before putting them in the book
sale at $.50 each, have a dealer look them over.
Ask him to give you a statement that he has seen
the books, identified those of value, and priced
them. This nullifies any shrieking Sally who says
the librarian is selling books and doesnTt know
what she is doing. Please, if selling books which
have library markings, stamp them discarded,
preferably on a rear endpaper. Otherwise, people
will frequently be returning books which you
meant to discard.

Interestingly, a book may have a retail value
of $100, but it probably won't fetch $20 in a book
sale. Why? Book pricing has a hierarchy as the
following example will illustrate. I am a Civil War
dealer and issue catalogs on Civil War books. A
book priced at $100 in my catalog is near top retail;
it is being offered by a specialized dealer to a spe-
cialized clientele. I buy many books from other
dealers at no more than fifty percent of my retail
and often a good bit less. The dealers in turn have
often purchased from scouts or opickers� at half
or less than they sell to me. The scouts in turn
have purchased at auction and book sales at a
price at which they can make a profit. However,
values must be based on a standard and when
price guides say a book is worth $100, that is a
retail value. That doesnTt mean you can readily
sell books for full retail. Valuable books in a book
sale at twenty-five percent of retail are reasonably
priced and probably are still too high to sell.

Gifts

Regretfully, most gift books are more trouble
than they are worth. However, take them one and

all with profuse thanks. By doing so, you keep
your patrons satisfied by fulfilling the image that
all libraries need more books. Under no circum-
stances agree to keep any books forever. Just say
thank you, and we're glad to have them, and we
will make appropriate use of them. DonTt accept
books with strings. Otherwise, when your succes-
sor fifty years from now gets rid of one of Aunt
HaddieTs cookbooks that you agreed to enshrine
forever, all hell will break loose because Aunt
HaddieTs daughters live forever and they will find
that one volume in the book sale among the thou-
sands.

Appraisals

DON'T. ItTs forbidden by law. oThe following
persons cannot be qualified appraisers: The
donee of the property, the person employed by or
related to the above.� "Department of the Treas-
ury, Internal Revenue Service Publication 561
(Rev. Dec. 87) Determining the Value of Donated
Property.

Say, I'd love to, but I canTt. A librarian,
unversed in rare book values, in IRS tax court
defending an appraisal which was illegal in the
first place, is not a happy camper. If you feel that
a donorTs collection is valuable, put the donor in
touch with an out-of-print dealer who can pro-
vide a qualified appraisal. If an appraisal is to be
made, the books must be kept together so the
dealer can physically examine them. A tax
appraisal cannot be done from a list. However, as
rare books are few and far between, most of the
books you will receive will be of little value and
not worth appraising. If by using your guidelines
you see the books are not of great value, perhaps
you could give the donor a receipt for the books
on library letterhead. A form letter will do:
oReceived from Joe Jones on this date an unre-
stricted gift of 97 hardback non-fiction books in
good condition�... or o53 hardbacked books of
fiction in good condition.� Perfectly above water,
plus you've gotten in the term ounrestricted.� It
seems to me that somewhere I have heard a
bookdealer (whose name I donTt recall) say that
the IRS would not object if a person deducted
$3.00 each for gifts of hardback non-fiction, in
good condition and $.50 each for fiction. After all,
what non-fiction book in good condition is worth
less than $3.00"not a true appraisal but a reason-
able approach.

Care

Care of old books is easy. The part that isnTt
easy you donTt need to know about. Keep them

Winter 1989"241

dry, recoat the leather ones with plain vaseline
every few years and wipe well with a terrycloth
towel. DonTt rebind, but repair (see the Gaylord
Catalog on repair). If you must rebind, preserve
original covers if possible. Actually, when a book
reaches the rebinding stage, it probably has little
monetary value; but since most of your rare books
should be of the local historical variety, preserv-
ing the original binding should be as much of
interest as preserving the content. Your book-
dealer or the rare book person at any university
should be able to suggest a professional binder.

Security

Professional thieves seldom visit any but the
largest libraries, and there they usually target the
rare book room. The people librarians should
watch most carefully are the genealogical seekers.
If Mrs. Jones is looking for information on her
great grandfather and she finds him on page 99 of
your prized original local history volume, you bet-
ter not leave book and Jones alone or high chan-
ces are that Mrs. Jones, who would return $1000 if
found on the street, will depart with the page, if
not the book. However, Mrs. Jones will leave all in
place if she is gently watched. Have genealogical
and local history material used in an observed

area, have each book signed for, and verify (before
and after) that all the pages are present. There is
no need to make an actual page count. When the
patron signs for the book, have her verify the
pages, and have someone make a cursory page
check when the book is returned. It is not the
checking that deters the theft, but the knowledge
that the book will be checked.

Material of great value and scarcity should be
placed in a locked bookcase in an area under
observation. Those books should not be used
except in the presence"cheek to cheek"of the
library staff.

Thus, for old books. Hopefully, this unfoot-
noted, practical approach will prove useful and
beneficial. By knowing how to deal with old books,
you will be a more complete librarian and better
able to serve your public and yourself. The patron
whose donations are gladly received, the elderly
lady who found out where to rebind her Bible, the
people at book evaluation night, the genealogists
and historians who know and use your local his-
tory-genealogy collection; these people not only
vote oyes� on library bond issues, but are often
political and financial allies; more so than the
readers of current fiction.

HereTs to old books.

i

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242"Winter 1989

What Was on That Telephone
Reference Carrousel at PLCM?

For some of us, one of the highlights of the
Public Library Reception on Thursday evening
was a trip through the back rooms of the library,
and one of those back rooms was the telephone
reference area. Here, as many as three librarians
simultaneously answer telephone reference in-
quiries from the public. Several of us wondered
exactly what resources whirled around on that
carrousel"and PLCM was kind enough to let us
in on their oreference-go-round.�

000s

Dictionary of Computers, Information Processing
& Telecommunications

Standard Periodical Directory

GrangerTs Index to Poetry

Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Index

American Library Directory

Literary Market Place

WritersT Market

The WriterTs Handbook

Extraordinary Origins of Everyday Things

Old FarmerTs Almanac

Famous First Facts

Books in Print

UlrichTs International Periodicals Directory

Academic American Encyclopedia

Encyclopedia Americana

World Book Encyclopedia

The Book of Answers

Gale Directory of Publications

The Book of Firsts

Guinness Book of World Records

Guinness Book of Speed Facts

North Carolina News Media

NCCWO Annual Directory of North Carolina
Organizations

Encyclopedia of Associations

Directory of Clubs and Organizations in Mecklen-
burg County

100s

Dictionary of Philosophy
Mysteries of the Unexplained
Dictionary of Dreams

200s

The Dictionary of Bible and Religion

Strong. Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible

Illustrated Dictionary and Concordance of the
Bible

Holy Bible

The Illustrated Bible Handbook

The WhoTs Who of Heaven

The Facts on File Dictionary of Religions

World Religions

Who's Who in Mythology

300s

StatesmanTs Yearbook

World Almanac and Book of Facts

Information Please Almanac

Almanac of the 50 States

Statistical Abstract of the United States

North Carolina State Government Statistical
Abstract

South Carolina Statistical Abstract

Almanac of American Politics

Congressional Staff Directory

North Carolina Capital Guide

Directory of the State and County Officials of
North Carolina

Congressional Staff Directory Advance Locator

Standard Industrial Classification Manual

AmericaTs Corporate Families, Vol. 1

WhoTs Who in Business and Industry in Charlotte

Who's on Top

Charlotte: A City in Celebration

DunTs Business Identification Service (Microform)

DunTs Microcosm of Charlotte-Gastonia (Micro-
form)

North Carolina State Capitol Telephone Directory

Foreign Consular Offices in the United States

Federal Staff Directory

County Executive Directory

Municipal Executive Directory

United States Government Manual

National Directory of State Agencies

Where to Write for Birth and Death Records, etc.

Directory of Human Services in Mecklenburg
County

BillianTs Hospital Blue Book

Winter 1989"243

Li

AHA Guide to the Health Care Field

Profiles of American Colleges

PetersonTs Higher Educaton Directory

North Carolina Education Directory

ConsumerTs Resource Handbook

National Five Digit Zip Code and Post Office Direc-
tory .

World Chamber of Commerce Directory

AT&T Toll-Free 800 Directory

The National Directory

Greater Charlotte Street Guide

Instant Metric Conversion Tables

ChaseTs Annual Events

American Book of Days

Emily PostTs Etiquette

The Amy Vanderbilt Complete Book of Etiquette

WhitakerTs Almanack

Robert's Rules of Order

Congressional Directory

BlackTs Law Dictionary

The Municipal Yearbook

Occupational Outlook Handbook

The Handbook of Private Schools

400s

Acronymns, Initialisms and Abbreviations Dic-
tionary

NBC Handbook of Pronunciation

Dictionary of Foreign Phrases and Abbreviations

American Heritage Dictionary

Random House Dictionary

WebsterTs Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary

Webster's Third New International Dictionary

WebsterTs New World Dictionary of Synonyms

The Facts on File Visual Dictionary

Bernstein. Reverse Dictionary

The Dictionary of Cliches

Words to Rhyme With

The New Words Dictionary

RogetTs II

A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English

The Facts on File Dictionary of Trouble Words

The Bad SpellerTs Dictionary

The Random House French Dictionary

The Random House German Dictionary

The Random House Spanish Dictionary

500s

Chambers Science and Technology Dictionary
Handbook of Mathematical Tables and Formulas
Holt Geometry

The Amateur AstronomerTs Handbook

Facts on File Dictionary of Astronomy

Sunrise and Sunset Tables

244"Winter 1989

Book of Calendars

World Weather Guide

Facts on File Encyclopedia of Aquatic Life

Facts on File Encyclopedia of Insects

Facts on File Encyclopedia of Reptiles and
Amphibians

Facts on File Encyclopedia of Birds

Facts on File Encyclopedia of Mammals

General Mathematics

Conversion Factors and Tables

600s

The Way Things Work

Brandnames: Who Owns What

DorlandTs Illustrated Medical Dictionary

Columbia Encyclopedia of Nutrition

Food and Drug Interaction Guide

A Charlotte Child: A Guide for the Pregnant
Woman

Reader's Digest Illustrated Guide to Gardening

HarperTs Illustrated Handbook of Dogs

Harper's Illustrated Handbook of Cats

Joy of Cooking

WoodallTs Campground Directory

Legal Secretary's Handbook

How to Clean Practically Anything

Women Owned Business Directory for the State of
North Carolina

Thomas Register of American Manufacturers

Essential Guide to Prescription Drugs

PhysiciansT Desk Reference

Consumer ReportsT Drug Information for the
Consumer

The Car Book

MelloniTs Illustrated Medical Dictionary

Atlas of Human Anatomy

AMA Guide to Prescription and Over-the-Counter
Drugs

Standard & Poor's Register of Corporations,
Directors and Executives

Metro Directory of Major Businesses in Mecklen-
burg Couinty

The Secretary's Handbook

Directory of North Carolina Companies.

700s

Baker. Biographical Dictionary of Musicians
Encyclopedia of Pop, Rock, and Soul

Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera

The Great Song Thesaurus

Who Wrote That Song

Harmony Illustrated Encyclopedia of Country
Harmony Illustrated Encyclopedia of Rock
Jazz: the Essential Companion

Leonard MaltinTs TV Movies and Video Guide

Halliwell. FilmgoerTs Companion

Movie, TV and RockTnT Roll Directory

Complete Directory to Prime Time Network TV
Shows, 1946 - Present

The Great TV Sitcom Book

Concise Oxford Companion to the Theatre

ScarneTs Encyclopedia of Card Games

Facts and Dates of American Sports

Encyclopedia of Sports

Guinness Sports Record Book

The Sports Address Book

The Sports Encyclopedia of Pro Football

Guide to Summer Camps and Summer Schools

800s

Benet. ReaderTs Enyclopedia

Dictionary of Fictional Characters

A Handbook to Literature

The Imaginative Spirit

Twentieth Century Authors

European Authors, 1000-1900

TurabianTs Manual for Writers of Term Papers,
Theses and Dissertations

Harbrace College Handbook

McGraw Hill Handbook of Business Letters

BartlettTs Familiar Quotations

The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations

The Oxford Companion to ChildrenTs Literature

Oxford Companion to American Literature

Oxford Companion to English Literature

Best Loved Poems of the American People

Oxford Companion to Classical Literature

900s

Webster's New Geographical Dictionary

World Factbook

Hammond World Atlas

Rand McNally Road Atlas

Rand McNally Commercial Atlas and Marketing
Guide

North Carolina County Maps

South Carolina County Maps

Standard Highway Mileage Guide

Cross Reference Directory of Greater Charlotte

Charlotte City Directory

Current Biography, 1957-1989

North Carolina Gazetteer

WhoTs Who Among Black Americans

The Complete Book of U.S. Presidents

The Black Resource Guide

Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian

A complete set of Mobil Travel Guides

Sara Aull Student Paper
Award Competition

The Special Libraries Association North Caro-
lina Chapter announces its annual Sara Aull Stu-
dent Paper Award Competition for 1989/90. The
Competition provides an award of $200.00 for the
best student paper of publishable quality relating
to special libraries.

This Award was initiated in 1981 to honor
Sara Aull who served as editor of the NC/SLA
Bulletin from 1975 to 1981. Sara has been an
active member of the Special Libraries Associa-
tion since 1952. In 1983, she was honored when
inducted into the SLA Hall of Fame.

Students and recent graduates are encour-
aged to enter this Competition which rewards an
individual for excellence in writing while contrib-
uting to the literature of special librarianship.

The annual deadline for submission of papers
is March Ist. The Award will be presented at the
NC ChapterTs annual business meeting in the
Spring of 1990.

For further information and competition
guidelines contact your NC/SLA faculty liaison or
the Sara Aull Student Paper Award Competition
Publicity Chairperson below.

Tera White
109 Chase Avenue
Chapel Hill, NC 27514 al

Mark Ennis of the Harnett County Public Library and Dorph
of the New Hanover County Public Library promote JMRT
membership in the exhibit area.

Winter 1989"245

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246"Winter 1989

So You Have to Plan a Conference ...

Barbara Baker

Conference planning is time-consuming, hard
work. It is physically and mentally tiring. But
when the conference is over, you realize it is one
of the most rewarding and prideful experiences
you will ever have. The team spirit that comes
from working with a group to put on what has to
be othe biggest and the best� is exhilarating. The
feeling of accomplishment almost overshadows
the exhaustion.

The recent conference of the North Carolina
Library Association was the second time that I
have chaired a group planning a major profes-
sional development experience for members of
the learning resources professions. It does not
matter, though, whether thirty people or two
thousand people are coming together for the con-
ference, the basics of planning a conference are
the same.

The following is a condensed review of the
activities that took place prior to the October 10-
13 conference in Charlotte. I hope others can use
this information to make their own conference
planning experiences rewarding.

1. I thought about the 1989 conference and
planned. When I attended the NCLA conference
in 1987, I took a lot of notes. I made notes all over
my copy of the 1987 conference program. I asked
people what they thought went well, what they
thought could have gone better, and sometimes I
just stood around and listened as people talked
about what sessions that they had been to or were
going to. I also attended the final meeting of the
1987 conference planning committee (after the
conference) and let planning committee members
tell me what went well, and what they would have
done differently.

2. In November 1987 I began bringing to-
gether the group of people who would be
members of the 1989 conference planning com-
mittee. A number of people had volunteered. I
examined their knowledge and talents and the
interests they represented. I filled in the ogaps�

Barbara Baker, the incoming president of NCLA, was chair of
the 1989 NCLA Biennial Conference Planning Committee. She
is Associate Dean for Educational Resources at Durham
Technical Community College in Durham, N.C.

with people I knew and people suggested by other
executive board members.

3.1 wrote down the tasks that had to be
accomplished to have a conference: program
planning, local arrangements and hospitality, reg-
istration, publicity and publications, and vendors.
I decided to use a management style that has
worked for me in the past and so appointed an
individual to head up each of the tasks. Even
though some of the tasks could be accomplished
by one person, I appointed committees for each
task. This allowed for input from many sectors of
the membership and a greater number of ideas to
be considered. It also gave us extra staff when we
needed it at conference time. In other words, the
planning committee was a large group. We only
met once as a whole. The subcommittees met as
needed, and a council of the subcommittee chairs
met on a regular basis.

4. At the initial meeting I described the
organization of the conference planning commit-
tee from my perspective and allowed for meetings
of each of the subcommittees. We did a lot of talk-
ing at that meeting about the theme for the con-
ference and program ideas that could com-
plement themes we were suggesting.

5. The local arrangements chair and I met
with the convention center and hotel representa-
tives to see their facilities and to make sure we
knew what was necessary in order to set up the
conference.

6. After the initial meeting of the entire plan-
ning committee, the subcommittees went about
their work. There were a lot of telephone calls and
several meetings of the subcommittees and the
subcommittee chairs. A lot of ideas and a lot of
talk went into the first months of planning.

7. The shift in activity over the twenty-four
months of planning was interesting to watch. In
the beginning, the task of program schedule plan-
ning got the most attention. Programs of thirteen
sections and several committees were coordi-
nated. Three general sessions, table talks, and two
other planning committee-sponsored activities
were worked into the schedule. Social activities
were coordinated through the local arrangements
committee and integrated into the schedule. At

Winter 1989"247

the same time the vendors subcommittee was
inviting exhibitors.

8. As the activity of planning the program
schedule and vendor invitations slowed, the pub-
licity and publications group became very busy. A
pre-conference publicity flyer was prepared,
national publication bulletin board columns were
notified of the upcoming conference, and work on
the conference program document began. (1
believe the publicity and publications group had
the greatest difficulty keeping everybody happy.
They put out a pre-conference flyer even though
their information was very osketchy� and then
had to deal with people calling because it did not
say enough. They were still getting changes to the
conference program two days after the program
was to have gone to press.)

9. After the flurry of activity for the publicity
and publications group, the registration sub-
committee took on the huge task of pre-register-
ing and registering nearly 1,900 participants.

10. The local arrangements group worked
throughout the two years to plan social activities,
make room assignments for meetings, and recruit
the local library association to staff a hospitality
table at the conference.

11. Communication about the activity of the
conference planning committee was important.
The executive board of NCLA was kept informed
of the progress of the committee. As soon as a
onear final� draft of the program was available, it
was distributed to the executive board and to any
other groups we thought might be able to spread
the word about the conference. This was valuable
since we were scheduling for so many different
sections of the membership. We got feedback
about the way names were spelled and which sec-
tions had been left out.

12. The ofront line� people"registration and
hospitality table volunteers and conference plan-
ning committee members"were thanked with a
social event just prior to the beginning of the con-
ference.

13. During the conference, members of the
planning committee stayed in touch with each
other to make sure things were running smoothly.
There was always a conference planning commit-
tee member at the registration table to take care
of any problems that might arise.

14. The final meeting of the 1989 conference
planning committee was held on December 11 in
High Point, the site of the 1991 conference. The

Members of the hard working 1989 Conference Planning Committee are shown from left to right: seated: Mary Frances Crymes,
Pam Jaskot, Barbara Baker, Mary Williams, and Arial Stephens. Standing: Charles Mallas, Don White, Carol Myers, Deborah Carver,
James Jarell, Lovenia Summerville, Ray Frankle, and Vanessa Ramseur.

248"Winter 1989

chair of the 1991 conference planning committee
was there to hear what the 1989 committee
thought went well and what they would have
done differently if they had known then what they
know now. The conference treasurer reported
that almost $25,000 would be turned over to the
NCLA treasurer to fund special projects of the
sections and round tables and programs for the
1991 conference.

Every two years the North Carolina Library
Association begins the conference planning cycle
again. It is rewarding to help plan this major con-
ference and I would encourage anyone who even
thinks they might want to be involved in this kind
of activity to volunteer to work with the Associa-
tion committee. If it seems too much to take on,
how about volunteering to help a section or your
local association to plan an activity? ThereTs
always work for one more volunteer! Dy}

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Winter 1989"249

POINT/

Believe Me, Conferences Are
Worth the Effort!

Beverly Tetterton

o,.. another conference. Why are they always
at the busiest time of the year?� As the time draws
near, any hopes of clearing my desk are dimin-
ished. oI will never get this schedule straight ... I
hope they got my late registration.� ItTs 5:00 a.m.,
and my colleagues are parked in front of the
house waiting ... oOh no, I forgot to call ... who's
going to cover? ... this is ridiculous ... why do I
bother to go ... hassle, hassle, hassle. I really
should stay home and take care of things.�

If these thoughts sound familiar, you are a
conference burnout. Sure it is a hassle, but whose
fault is that? The conference is not to blame.
Maybe it is not the conference that really bothers
you, but the prospect of bringing home more work
as a result of the conference. Just think of all the
paperwork it may generate. Maybe it is not that
you have more important things to do, but you
fear the creation of more work for yourself. After
all, you may actually get excited about a new idea
and want to follow through with it. Yes, the work
will pile up at home, but is it worth passing up the
chance to learn something new and enjoy your-
self? If so, then you are burned out whether you
go to the conference or not. Will remaining on
duty in order to otake care of a few things� really
change your outlook? A few days at a conference
might actually be good for you. Stop taking your-
self and the hassle so seriously. Look for the
obvious rewards. Could it be that conferences
really do have something to offer?

If you read it in the literature, does it mean
that you do not need to hear it? True, the sessions
often cover the same old topics, but occasionally
there is a new twist that lights a spark and gives a
new perspective. If you can bring back one new
idea or pick up one gem of information, the trip is
worth it. Why not treat yourself to a little stimula-
tion?

The gems are often found in the most unex-
pected places. The out-of-the mainstream lec-

Beverly Tetterton is Local History Librarian at the New Han-
over County Public Library in Wilmington.

250"Winter 1989

tures and workshops which do not directly relate
to your job can nevertheless provide you with just
the right incentive to move forward. Try a few
sessions out of your milieu. An inspirational
speaker (Dorothy Spruill Redford at the 1989
NCLA Conference comes to mind) from a totally
different discipline can be uplifting. There are also
the special interest lectures and workshops. Sev-
eral years ago I attended a session on claymation
and walked away with ideas for two successful
library programs.

One of the best ways to learn is good old-
fashioned observation. You cannot beat it for stir-
ring up interest and maybe a little fun. Ad-
mittedly, travel can be a hassle. You have to wade
through the expense forms, registration paper-
work, find adequate transportation, and whether
you live down east or out west you will be up
before the crack of dawn if you want to make it to
the first session. On the other hand, travel can be
relaxing and enjoyable. Plan to stop at a few
libraries on the way to your destination and visit
the local libraries in the city of the conference.
You do not even have to be in a library to pick up
good ideas. Museums and other cultural institu-
tions are great places to add to your itinerary.
Sightseeing might be the most productive part of
your trip. Even if you do not pick up any earth-
shaking ideas, you may return home feeling better
about your own library and the job you are doing
there.

Next there is always the oshow within the
showT" otherwise known as people watching. Go
to a session early and mingle with your colleagues.
Librarians are generally a warm and friendly
group of people always willing to talk shop. A con-
ference is the best time to find out what others
are doing. Local restaurants, receptions, and the
hotel lobby and bar are breeding grounds for good
ideas.

The exhibit hall is worth the trip. There is
nothing like fooling around with the latest tech-

(continued on page 252)

COUNTERPOINT

Be Serious, Theyre Such a Hassle!

Michael Cotter

DonTt get me wrong; I like to go to conferen-
ces. You get to see old friends, make new ones,
hear papers that you might not otherwise take
the time to read, and rejuvenate yourself. ItTs just
that, for one thing, getting there and back is more
than half the battle. You have to get the time off,
find someone to work your night, arrange for
transportation, and, if youTre a state employee, fill
out a oPetition to Travel�"an omen of things to
come. The petition has you fill in the method of
transportation (including state or private car. If
itTs a private car, you have to justify the reason,
such as ono state cars available,�" or onot conve-
nient to take a state car,� although I haven't tried
that one yet. 1 know someone who was in a state
car that broke down en route to a conference in
Chapel Hill fifteen years ago, and hasnTt taken a
state car since!). It also asks that you estimate
costs, including air fare if applicable, and attach a
copy of the conference announcement or regis-
tration. In some departments, you need to make
travel plans at least three weeks in advance just
to clear it through channels; in others, you
shouldnTt reserve a state car until you get permis-
sion to travel, by which time the state cars are
gone. (So, you tentatively reserve a state car and
hope that your petition is approved.) Oh, yes,
remember when no more than five people from
the same department could attend the same con-
ference? That goes back to the time when several
state employees went to a conference in Hawaii
and the media heard about it and spread the
news.

Well, whatTs next? If you live anywhere east of
195 or west of Winston-Salem, you might as well
plan on leaving the night before if the conference
is in the Triangle-Triad area since a good part of
the day will be spent on the road. If the best meet-
ings begin any time before 10 a.m. and the confer-
ence is in Winston, you have to figure on leaving
Greenville at 5 a.m. (Now you know why the peo-
ple from the east are always late.) And then you
find out that your traveling companion does not

Michael Cotter is a documents librarian at Joyner Library,
East Carolina University, Greenville.

care to get there for the keynote address"or
wants to leave before the closing session. And letTs
hope that this same traveling companion does not
include anyone who takes Business 264 and just
has to stop at this place in Sims that has good
coffee!

When you get to the conference, you have to
check in at the hotel, go through registration, and
make sure that the meetings you plan to attend
aren't all at the same time. A tip on checking in:
itTs a good idea to hold your room for late arrival;
in this computer age, hotels will automatically
cancel your reservation if you donTt arrive by 6
p.m. (That happened to someone standing in the
line next to me at the Chicago Marriott this
summer; she had been held up by traffic from
OTHare and was about ten minutes late.)

In general, most conferences do a good job of
not scheduling overlapping sessions of interest to
people with similar interests, but when you talk
about conferences the size of ALA, thereTs certain
to be some overlap. Maybe itTs a matter of degree
of overlap. You hope, of course, that your favorite
meeting wonTt be scheduled as the last session on
the last day, such as the NCASL meeting at this
yearTs NCLA conference. Otherwise, the place is
deserted when you leave, and your flight may not
be for two or three hours, or you have to drive for
six hours in the dark. (I realize that someone has
to be scheduled last"maybe the public library
directors, or LS/2000 UserTs Group.)

I've seldom been hungry at conferences.
Begin with free Danish and coffee from 8:30 Ttil
10:00, then a lunch, afternoon refreshments,
heavy hors dToeuvres, and an evening reception.
ItTs all I can do to get back to my room without
having to let my belt out a notch. At a really good
conference you get started on some heavy discus-
sion about end-user searching or smart versus
dumb bar-coding, carry the session into the late
hours in the bar or someoneTs room, and get up
the next morning and navigate by force of habit.
Eventually, you just skip a meal, or you head for
the salad and fruit bar (hold the dressing, please).

(continued on page 252)

Winter 1989"251

Point (continued)

nology or learning about the hot new deal to save
your library some much needed cash. There is
also the feeling of power while talking to the
vendors. No matter what your position of author-
ity, a salesperson will make you feel important.
They are interesting people with a different per-
pective and are fun to get to know. They want to
serve you, so why not let them?

Last, but certainly not least, a conference is
one of the few places on earth where colleagues
can build camaraderie. News, gossip and ohorror
stories� are exchanged in a relaxed atmosphere.
The trip to and from the conference as well as
sharing a hotel room are opportunities to confirm
or alter your opinion of fellow staff members.
Librarian-bonding gives you the strength to go
home and face that pile of work with a grin on
your face. The smile may be returned by your
new-found comrade.

The reasons for going to conferences have
probably not changed since the birth of ALA. This
does not necessarily make them good or bad. The
important thing is that everyone has the oppor-
tunity to benefit in some way when they attend a
conference. Leave your job worries at home and
attend the usual (and some unrelated) sessions
with the hope of picking up at least one gem of an
idea. Enjoy the busmanTs holiday while you
observe new places and meet new colleagues.
Learn about new technology while the vendors
treat you like the important person you are. Have
a laugh with your co-workers while you share a
few experiences. Most important of all, if you
donTt take yourself or the conference too
seriously, you might just learn something!

Counterpoint (continued)

Those wonderful folks at Congressional Informa-
tion Service know how to entertain, All the docu-
ments librarians (and maybe their directors, too)
are invited to a breakfast at ALA each year, at
which you hear a legislator or other figure
involved in government information policy (or, as
it seems to be now, non-policy). Not only does CIS
mail invitations to you, they also run an ad in
Documents to the People in case you didnTt receive
an invitation. Thanks, Mr. Adler.

Speaking of CIS, I enjoy the exhibits. You hear
the latest news from salesmen: the new products,
a forthcoming discount on the latest reference
work, and (the important stuff) whoTs changing
jobs and why. Of course, you pick up fliers for
books that you canTt possibly order with the little
budget thatTs remaining this year; posters that
you eventually canTt find a place for; and shopping
bags that you add to the stack behind your desk

252"Winter 1989

for that rainy day when you need a bag to take
work home in. In the end, I just pick up a few pens
for the people in the office.

But after all that food and drink and fellow-
ship, itTs good to hit the road, get back home"and
back to that mountain of mail that came in while
you were gone. You spend all day just opening
mail and returning calls. As a professional, of
course, you take some of it home, but there are
some things that you canTt do there, so you lug it
back the next morning. (Plus, you have five days
of laundry and dozens of things to tell your family
and vice versa, so you donTt get much done there,
either.) Finally, you try to figure out how to fill in
your reimbursement form, the stateTs answer to
Form 1040. Well, if your library is like mine, thereTs
a super office assistant who will take your
botched-up form, set it right, and get you reim-
bursed for more than you thought you could jus-
tify. Thanks, Lou.

Library Research (continued)
Department, Davis Library), examined the rela-

tionship of subject searches in the online catalog
to circulation patterns and profiles of the collec-
tion. Their study is not yet complete, but the
authors do plan to publish the results.

Finally, in 1988/89 North Carolina State Uni-
versityTs Janet Edgerton (Monographic Catalog-
ing, NCSU Libraries) and Raymond Taylor (Educa-
tional Leadership and Development) received a
grant to study the editing efficiency of an online
bibliographic information system, based on an
examination of a large file of edit commands. This
investigation is still ongoing, but the authors
expect to attain publishable results, which will
likely be used to improve technical editing opera-
tions at the NCSU Libraries.

An informal survey of the grant recipients
confirms that the researchers think their colla-
borative approach was a useful one. The librar-
ians were able to offer teaching faculty a
laboratory for research, familiarity with the area
under study, and knowledge of the best sources of
information within the library organization. They
also enjoyed the opportunity to think in broader
theoretical terms about their work. Faculty
members brought technical expertise (e.g., in sta-
tistical methods) and a wider research perspec-
tive. In NCSUTs case, the fact that the faculty
member is a department head in another disci-
pline further enhanced communication on library
matters across campus. Although the maximum
size of a grant is relatively small ($3,000), applica-
tion to this program is an excellent way to fund a
focused project. In the words of Eric Palo,oI would
urge others to consider applying ... and if they
donTt get it, to try again!�

Library Research in North Carolina

Jinnie Y. Davis, Editor

Research is generally considered to be the
province of teaching faculty who are trained in
the conduct of rigorous scholarly inquiry. In a
profession such as librarianship, however, practi-
tioners can bring to a research project a more
intimate knowledge of its applications and set-
ting, an immediacy that may be lacking in a
faculty member long removed from daily work in
a library.

In 1982, the Council on Library Resources
established a program to bridge the gap between
faculty and librarians. The Cooperative Research
Program awarded grants to stimulate research of
high quality and to bring faculty and librarians
together to work on library-related problems.
More recently, the program added as its ex-
panded goals: stimulating productive communi-
cation between teaching faculty and librarians,
encouraging librarians to develop more fully their
research skills, and increasing the quantity and
improving the quality of research and analytical
studies related to library operations. It also seeks
to reward research that exhibits an imaginative
approach to solving or analyzing problems and
issues in our field.

Since October 1982, the council has awarded
102 grants to librarian/faculty research teams
across the country. An analysis of the winning
grants shows that New York (twenty-two) and

Illinois (fifteen) dominate by far the states that
have received grants. By contrast, only four were
awarded to researchers in North Carolina.

In 1984/85, Barbara Moran (School of Infor-
mation and Library Science, UNC-Chapel Hill)
received a grant jointly with two non-North Caro-
linians to explore the role of the library in Brown
UniversityTs efforts to incorporate electronic tech-
nologies in teaching, learning, and research. The
authors published the results of their research in
College and Research Libraries and plan to fol-
low up with a study five years after the first inves-
tigation.

During the 1987/88 cycle, the University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill had two more
winners. Ridley Kessler (Documents Department,
Davis Library) and Evelyn Daniel (School of
Information and Library Science) proposed a
survey of fifty-two U.S. regional depository librar-
ies to establish baseline data, and to determine
the relationship of these libraries to one another
and to the library community. They will distribute
their just-completed report to all the regional
depository libraries, and they plan to publish and
disseminate it more widely as well. The second
team, Jerry D. Saye (School of Information and
Library Science) and Eric C. Palo (Circulation

(continued on page 252)

Winter 1989"253

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254"Winter 1989

North Carolina Books

Robert Anthony, Compiler

William S. Powell. North Carolina through Four
Centuries. Chapel Hill: University of North Caro-
lina Press, 1989. 652 pp. $29.95. ISBN 0-8078-1846-
1. or ISBN 0-8078-1850-X (text ed.).

Considering how widely read and studied
was the predecessor to this volume, it may be
inevitable that William S. PowellTs new history of
North Carolina will at first be referred to as othe
new Lefler and Newsome.� Indeed, Powell was a
student and colleague of Hugh Lefler, and it was
Dr. LeflerTs express wish that Powell be asked to
write the state history that would update his own
classic text first published thirty-five years ago.
The result, however, is no mere reworking of the
previous volume. Drawn from a lifetimeTs experi-
ence in teaching and writing about the history of
this state, Powell's North Carolina Through
Four Centuries is entirely his own"fresh, remark-
ably comprehensive, and a delight to read.

Professor Powell is probably the best known
contemporary historian of North Carolina, and
his whole career has prepared him for the writing
of this book. Librarian and curator of the North
Carolina Collection at the University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill for many years, he also
taught history there from 1964 to 1987, compiled
The North Carolina Gazetteer and the Dictionary
of North Carolina Biography, has written and
edited a variety of books on the stateTs history, has
published innumerable articles, and also has lec-
tured extensively.

The authorTs thorough enjoyment of North
Carolina history is evident on every page of this
work. His familiarity with the material has
allowed him to write in a style less formal than
that commonly found in textbooks, but no less
scholarly. The facts are clearly presented, specific
events described and set in context, and broad
changes defined and discussed. Yet the voice,
tales, and comments are distinctly PowellTs, as if
the reader were sitting in his classroom. Whether
characterizing the prominent figures in the Regu-
lator movement, the personalities involved in the
Kirk-Holden War, or Harriet Berry of the Good
Roads Association, he never allows the reader to
forget the humanity of those who participated in

historic events. In descriptions such as that of
ShermanTs army crossing into the state, he con-
veys a remarkable sense of what it must have
been like.

The volume begins with the land and native
peoples and covers the sweep of events through
to the late 1980s, with a final chapter discussing
oNC2000,� the findings in 1983 of the Commission
on the Future of North Carolina. Overall, a good
balance between political and social history is
maintained. There are some separate chapters on
social history, such as oColonial Society and Cul-
ture, 1729-1776,� but it is frequently interwoven
with the political history, as in the sections on
North Carolina after the Civil War. Some of the
events that have profoundly changed North Caro-
lina in the latter half of the twentieth century are
discussed in depth, such as mileposts in the civil
rights movement, the Vietnam War, student
unrest, Research Triangle Park, environmental
concerns, etc. But the treatment of these years is
rather uneven. National context is given for most
of the events in North Carolina, but somehow
Martin Luther King, Jr., and the assassination of
President Kennedy escape mention, though both
surely affected North Carolinians. The history of
Indian North Carolinians is given by tribe in the
first chapter. This is a useful arrangement in some
ways, but Indians are only occasionally referred
to in the rest of the text. The oTrail of Tears� is
discussed, but not Henry Berry Lowry or separate
school systems for Indians as well as Negroes.
Also, one could wish for more on the role of
women before the twentieth century.

Nonetheless, this is a remarkably useful and
attractive book. The illustrations are excellent,
including many that have not been used before as
well as some of the old standards. Maps, tables,
and graphs supplement the text at judicious
points. Informative captions make all the illustra-
tions independently interesting. Appendices in-
clude a list of the British monarchs during
colonial times; a list of governors; information
about the counties; population statistics; sites of
meetings of the legislature; and a chronology of
North Carolina history considerably expanded
and improved over the one in Lefler and New-

Winter 1989"255

North Carolina Books

some. The essay on further reading and the bibli-
ography are very helpful, and the book ends with
a fine index.

North Carolina Through Four Centuries is
certainly destined to be a classic like its fore-
runner. It succeeds as an academic text, as a
scholarly reference work, and as a very enjoyable
book for the history buff. Students from junior
high school on up would find it helpful. It will
certainly be in academic libraries in and beyond
the state, and it should be made available in pub-
lic libraries as well. It is appropriate that Powell
has dedicated this book to his grandchildren.
They and others like them will be enjoying the
fruits of his labors for many years to come.

Barbara T. Cain, North Carolina State Archives

Jon Lee Wiggs. The Community College System
in North Carolina: A Silver Anniversary His-
tory, 1963-1988. Raleigh: North Carolina State
Board of Community Colleges, 1989. 421 pages.
Limited number of copies available free from the
North Carolina Department of Community Col-
leges, Caswell Building, 200 W. Jones Street,
Raleigh, 27603-1337.

The North Carolina Community College Sys-
tem was created by the Omnibus Higher Educa-
tion Act of 1963, a significant piece of educational
legislation arising from the recommendations of
Governor Terry SanfordTs Commission on Educa-
tion Beyond the High School. The Carlyle Report,
named for the chairman of the Commission, made
several recommendations regarding the future of
higher education in North Carolina, not the least
of which was the merger of the dual systems of
state industrial education centers and public jun-
ior colleges to form the North Carolina Commun-
ity College System. This system was to be
governed by the State Board of Education, admin-
istered by a Department of Community Colleges,
with local, twelve-member boards of trustees
administering the individual institutions.

It is the history of the Community College
System, therefore, that serves as the focus of this
North Carolina State University doctoral disserta-
tion written by Jon Wiggs and published by the
North Carolina State Board of Community Col-
leges in celebration of the twenty-fifth anniver-
sary of the founding of the system. It is a
chronological recounting of the development and
growth of this fifty-eight college system during the
first quarter century of its existence. Wiggs exam-
ined such records as the minutes of the North
Carolina State Board of Education, which gov-

256"Winter 1989

erned this system until 1981; the minutes of the
North Carolina State Board of Community Col-
leges; the Raleigh New and Observer; special
reports and documents indigenous to the system
and prepared during the period covered; and
numerous doctoral dissertations which have
examined various aspects of the North Carolina
community colleges.

Wiggs does analyze some of the issues and
political maneuverings that have been part of the
systemTs development, but primarily he has as-
sembled the historical facts of its growth through
1988 and structured them in a manner which
highlights the terms of the five administrative
heads of the system: Dr. Isaac Epps Ready, direc-
tor, 1963-1970; Dr. Ben E. Fountain, Jr., director
and then president, 1971-1978; Dr. Charles R. Hol-
loman, senior vice-president in charge, 1978-1979;
Dr. Larry J. Blake, president, 1979-1983; and for-
mer governor Robert W. Scott, president, 1983- .

The major weaknesses in this work are that it
does not relate the history of the North Carolina
Community College System to the development of
other community colleges in the country and that
it provides only limited critical analysis. As the
author states in the preface, however, he did not
intend to do this. Rather, he wanted to provide a
oqualitative data base� for the systemTs history
and tried oto capture the facts and present them
as objectively and straightforwardly as possible.�

Two strengths of the book are its bibliogra-
phies of works cited and of dissertations which
have been written about the community colleges
in North Carolina. There are key word and chron-
ological indexes to these dissertations and subject
and name indexes to the bookTs contents.

The Community College System in North
Carolina is an important work because it is the
first published history of the system, because it
adds significantly to the history of higher educa-
tion in North Carolina, and because of its contri-
bution to the history of the community college
movement in this country"a national movement
that now enrolls forty-three percent of all under-
graduate students in the United States.

Beverly Gass, Guilford Technical Community College

Wilma Dykeman. The Tall Woman. Newport,
Tenn.: Wakestone Books, c.1962, 1988. 315 pp.
$8.95. ISBN 0-9613859-1-X (pbk.).

The Tall Woman: A Commentary by Wilma
Dykeman. Newport, Tenn.: Wakestone Books,
1989. 1/2� VHS. 33 minutes. Color videotape.
$89.50. ISBN 0-9613859-6-0.

Wilma Dykeman. The Far Family. New York: Holt,
Rinehart and Winston, c.1966, 1988. 372 pp.
$14.95. ISBN 0-9613859-4-4. Orders to Wakestone
Books, 405 Clifton Heights, Newport, Tenn. 37821.

The year is 1864. Lydia Moore McQueen is an
eighteen-year-old newly married woman, preg-
nant with her first child, who lives in a small iso-
lated North Carolina mountain community called
Thickety Creek. Her husband has joined the Union
Army while her brother and father are both fight-
ing for the Confederacy. One night her brother
comes to tell her that her mother and younger
brothers and sisters have been attacked by rene-
gades who have run off all the livestock and tor-
tured her mother. Lydia moves in with them to
keep the family and the farm going. Before the
war is over, she is forced, while heavily pregnant,
to plow the fields using the milk cow in order for
there to be a corn crop.

This is what life is like for Lydia McQueen at
the beginning of Wilma DykemanTs The Tall
Woman, the classic North Carolina novel recently
re-released by Wakestone Books. The titular char-
acter, Lydia, is continually faced with adversity
but her indomitable spirit and determination
enable her to persevere. As the novel continues,
we see the Moores and McQueens confronted by

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one hardship after another: LydiaTs brother loses
an arm in the Civil War, her husband is a prisoner
at Andersonville Prison, and her first child is born
mildly retarded.

But Lydia and her family manage to cope
with all the hardships. After the war, Lydia and
her husband Mark move further up into the
mountains to homestead, and each year finds
them a little more settled and secure with their
growing family. Even when MarkTs restlessness
causes him to go out west and leave Lydia and the
children for over a year, LydiaTs strength of char-
acter and her sense of purpose see her through.

One of LydiaTs primary concerns is education.
She believes that it is extremely important for all
children to be educated, and she fights to estab-
lish a school with a regular teacher in their com-
munity. When the school is deliberately burned to
the ground, she is the driving force behind getting
a new school built for the students, even resorting
to a little polite blackmail to accomplish her pur-
pose.

At the end of the novel, Lydia dies at the age
of fifty of typhoid fever. While she is on her
deathbed, the mountain people gather at her
cabin to offer their help. One by one, they begin to
tell of the influence Lydia has had on their lives"
how she helped bring their children into the

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Enclosed is my check for $ Organization:

ISBN: 0-9624910-0-4

Bhd ; Address:
Return to: North Carolina Giving, Capital

Consortium, PO Box 2918, Raleigh,
North Carolina 27602 919/833-4553 Phone:

Winter 1989"257

North Carolina Books

world and nursed young and old through disease
and death. The old mountain saying, oA tall
woman casts a long shadow,T had turned out to be
true of Lydia Moore McQueen.

The story of Lydia and her struggles and tri-
umphs is a compelling one; it is well told and the
characters seem to come to life on the page. There
is a judicious use of dialect so that the reader gets
a feel for how the people spoke, but it is not so
overdone that the reader gets bogged down. The
Tall Woman is an authentic depiction of moun-
tain life in the South during the latter half of the
nineteenth century. Mountain life and mountain
lore are meticulously described. From the plant-
ing of crops to the gathering of herbs and the
cooking of local produce and game, everything is
told in rich and exact detail. This authenticity,
combined with the powerful story itself, have
made the book a popular choice for study in
schools throughout the Southeast.

A videotape entitled The Tall Woman: A
Commentary by Wilma Dykeman has been pro-
duced by Wakestone Books to accompany and
augment the study of the novel. This thirty-three-
minute color videotape is narrated by Wilma
Dykeman herself. She reads critical passages from
the novel and discusses some of the characters
and situations. In addition, the video vividly
depicts the mountains of North Carolina, showing
a cabin of the type in which Lydia McQueen would
have lived as well as the surroundings, climate,
and wildlife. The video helps to evoke the atmos-
phere of the novel so that scenes come even more
vividly to life for the reader.

A second book which has been reissued by
Wakestone Books is The Far Family, also by
Wilma Dykeman. As a sequel to The Tall Woman,
it deals with some of Lydia McQueenTs descend-
ants. LydiaTs granddaughter Ivy who is mentioned
in the last paragraph of The Tall Woman is the
main character in The Far Family. She and her
family, the Thurstons, grew up in the mountain
area of Thickety Creek, but over the years have
drifted away to other parts of the country. One of
IvyTs sisters lives in New England and another in
South Carolina. Clay, one of her brothers, has just
returned from many years in the North. Ivy and
her other brother have continued to live in the
mountains. Their mother, Martha, LydiaTs oldest
daughter, is still alive and in her nineties. Ivy's
son, Phil Cortland, is a United States Senator in
Washington.

As the novel opens, Ivy is happily looking
forward to a visit from Phil, but the anticipation
soon gives way to fear and uncertainty. A black
man has been shot and killed in rather mysterious

258"Winter 1989

circumstances. All the evidence points to Clay
Thurston as the killer, but he was too drunk at the
time to remember exactly what happened. There
will have to be a hearing into the matter, and
everyone is immediately concerned about its
effect on the family. The family begins to gather
and rally around to face this new adversity. They
are a very diverse group of people who have little
in common but their family ties.

The novel is told with frequent flashbacks to
when they all still lived on Thickety Creek. Char-
acters who were first introduced in The Tall
Woman reappear as the current generation
reminisces. Ivy and her family use the present cri-
sis to reflect on their roots. They once again
realize their mutual heritage and begin to gain
more respect for one another.

Although The Far Family is a sequel to The
Tall Woman, it is not nearly as significant. The
Tall Woman is an exceptional novel with in-
depth characterization and a plot that focuses on
a struggle for survival. The Far Family, while oa
good read,� does not have the scope or appeal of
the earlier book. It is the story of a contemporary
family that faces contemporary problems: suicide,
alcoholism, abortion. Of course these problems
are not unique to the twentieth century. But in
The Tall Woman the focus is on one woman and
how she overcomes the adversities she faces.
LydiaTs personality is such that she dominates the
book, and the reader comes away with a lasting
impression of strength and courage.

Diane Kessler, Neal Junior High School, Durham

Alton Ballance. Ocracokers. Chapel Hill: Univer-
sity of North Carolina Press, 1989. 255 pp. $22.95.
ISBN 0-8078-1878-X (cloth); $8.95. 0-8078-4265-6

(paper).

Ocracoke native Alton Ballance began writing
Ocracokers while a student at the University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill in the late 1970s.
Although much has been written about this spe-
cial place, little of it has presented oOcracoke as
most Ocracokers know it.� A descendant of some
of the first settlers, Ballance grew up on the island
and returned in 1982 to teach at Ocracoke School
after having taught two years in Hillsborough,
N.C. Also a Hyde County Commissioner, he is u-
niquely qualified to write this book about oOcra-
coke and Ocracokers, past and present, and how
both have adapted to the changes that have taken
place within the last few years.�

The book is divided into three parts, each of
which contains several chapters. The first part

discusses the land and the sea, early history and
settlement, shipwrecks and lifesaving stations.
The second part tells the stories of ordinary peo-
ple, often expressed poignantly in their own
words. It is through people like Uriah and Sullivan
Garrish, who taught the author the art of mullet
fishing, that the reader gains the greatest appre-
ciation of what Ocracoke is really like. Other spe-
cial people are presented in chapters on hunting,
health care, religion, and education. The final
part, oBuilding Bridges,� discusses the National
Park Service, hurricanes, World War II, transpor-
tation services, and tourism. It concludes with a
discussion of the issues and problems confronting
the island today.

Throughout the book, Ballance interweaves
the past and the present, for they cannot be truly
separated. He concludes, however, with a look to
the future. The last decade has seen tremendous
growth and change, as symbolized by the con-
struction of a new water tower in 1977. Ballance is
optimistic about OcracokeTs survival, although it
will require planning and acceptance of change,
however difficult that may be. As he states, it is
the ochildren of transition,� such as himself, owho
must balance the old ways and the new and go on
living in the village beneath the lighthouse and the
water tower.�

The author has done an excellent job of cap-
turing the special qualities of Ocracoke and its
people, both in the past and the present. Quota-
tions from residents have been used adeptly to
add interest and insight. Ballance includes some
discerning comments of his own that help the
reader understand Ocracokers and the chal-
lenges that have confronted them in the past and
the new challenges that confront them for the
future.

Although some of the content is based on his-
torical research, much of the book is written from
the authorTs own experiences and interviews of
people. It is not meant to be a scholarly book;
thus, there are no footnotes or bibliography
(although a short one would have been useful)
but there is an index. The book is illustrated with
both historical and contemporary photographs of
people, places, and everyday things that comple-
ment the text. The style in which it is written
makes the book especially suitable for public
libraries, but all types of libraries that select
North Caroliniana should consider acquiring it.
Ocracokers also would make an excellent gift for
anyone who has ever visited or lived there and
has a special affinity for the island and its people.

Cheryl W. McLean, State Library of North Carolina

North Carolina Books

Ginny Turner, ed. North Carolina Traveler: A
VacationerTs Guide to the Mountains, Piedmont
and Coast. Chapel Hill: Ventana Press, 1989. 362
pp. $9.95. ISBN 0-940087-30-8 (pbk).

North Carolina Traveler is a well-organized
and informative guide to the Tar Heel state. The
book is divided into the three obvious regions of
the state, then each region is subdivided into
smaller sections to describe specific areas of
North Carolina. The listings are in geographic
order, beginning in the east and moving to the
west, with a north to south progression within
each region.

The guide was edited by Ginny Turner with
contributions by Edgar and Patricia Cheatham,
Rick Mashburn, and Ginger Moore. It is written in
a narrative, informal, and folksy style, with sprin-
klings of humor. While this book is fascinating to
read, it would be very useful as a reference guide.

The organization of the sections, with distinc-
tive typography for each subsection, makes it easy
to scan for information. Each section begins with
a discussion of the location with emphasis on
topography and history. Next, the section is sub-
divided by area and then by community. Visitor
information lists visitors bureaus, newspapers,
and events calendars. Access information explains
exactly how to get to sites, including highway
numbers and distance from other towns, as well
as the locations of airports, train stations, and
bus stations. Attractions include historic places,
tours, museums, special shopping, cultural offer-
ings, recreation, and seasonal events. Side trips
entries discuss nearby communities. Accommoda-
tions lists hotels, inns, restaurants, and nightlife
in each community. Three to six entries for each
type of accommodation are given usually in
expensive, moderate, and inexpensive price
ranges. Price range citations refer to a key in the
introduction.

Each entry, whether a newspaper or historic
site or restaurant, gives the address and tele-
phone number. When applicable, admission
prices are given and the hours of operation and
months of special interest are shown. Cross refer-
ences allow an entry to be listed in more than one
location.

Black-and-white photographs with brief titles
are scattered throughout the book. The double-p-
age highway map on the title page is followed by
maps of the three regions and of several cities. A
small outline map of the state, with the subject of
that section marked in black, introduces each
section and subsection, reminding the reader
constantly of the location being discussed.

Winter 1989"259

North Carolina Books

The appendix lists addresses and telephone
numbers of useful agencies in the state as well as
toll free numbers for hotel chains, transportation
agencies, and car rental companies. Other useful
facts include summer and winter average tem-
peratures for various towns and ferry schedules.
The detailed index provides quick reference to
any topic, site, or geographic area.

The coverage is thorough and would be espe-
cially valuable to a person who wants to spend
some time in an area. Numerous useful bits of
information are included, such as the availability
of a pet kennel at Carowinds. Information pro-
vided is current, including the 1988 Nobel Prize
award to two researchers who work with Bur-
roughs-Wellcome and the 1989 debut of the Char-
lotte Knights baseball team in a new stadium.

Even though the coverage is extensive, it has
omitted some of this reviewer's favorite towns, as
well as all of the western coastal plain. Some great
events are omitted, such as First Night Charlotte,
a New Year's Eve celebration which attracts sev-
enty-five thousand people to uptown Charlotte,
and many excellent restaurants are not listed.

Some of the information in the book is availa-
ble in other sources. The AAA guide to North
Carolina gives more hotels and restaurants, with
evaluations, prices, telephone numbers and ad-
dresses, but does not discuss each in the detail
shown here. North Carolina, a Guide to the Old
North State by Federal Writers Project, published
in 1989, gives a good historical account of many
localities. Marguerite SchumannTs The Living
Land: an Outdoor Guide to North Carolina,
published in 1977, gives more information about
topography and history of outdoor areas. The Di-
vision of Travel and Tourism of the North Carolina
Department of Commerce publishes guides to the
state with information about accommodations,
convention space, and access for disabled per-
sons, which tend to be accurate and timely. The
Division of Archives and History in the Depart-
ment of Cultural Resources publishes directories
of historic sites and calendars of events. The
North Carolina transportation map, published by
the North Carolina Department of Transporta-
tion, includes many useful facts. But no other
publication includes so much information in one
place as is contained in this book. It has every-
thing needed to travel across and around the
state.

This book is recommended for every library in
the state, regardless of type. It will be popular
among patrons for local information about the
hometown and for assistance when traveling.
Since it will be popular, most libraries may want

260"Winter 1989

to reinforce or rebind the paper binding. This
reviewer plans to keep a copy in the car for refer-
ence when traveling and to give copies to family
and friends.

Elizabeth J. Laney, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

David Payne. Early from the Dance. New York:
Doubleday, 1989. 492 pp. $18.95. ISBN 0-385-
26417-8.

At thirty-two, Adam Jenrette has achieved
success as an artist, but lately his life has taken a
precipitous downward turn. Unfavorable reviews
and personal unhappiness have triggered his fre-
netic involvement in the New York demimonde
and his binges with alcohol and cocaine. AdamTs
creativity and motivation have all but evaporated.
A telephone call from an attorney beckons him
home to Killdeer, North Carolina, to attend his
auntTs funeral and discover her legacy to him.
During the visit he sees Jane for the first time
since the remarkable summer they spent at the
North Carolina coast thirteen years earlier. The
events of that summer may have lead to the sui-
cide of Cary, AdamTs best friend and JaneTs boy-
friend.

When they first renew their relationship,
Adam and Jane circle each other verbally in a sort
of prickly erotic dance. They seem emotionally
handicapped, unable to express a thought or feel-
ing without a heavy camouflage of hostile witti-
cisms. Adam is morbidly (and tiresomely) ob-
sessed with CaryTs suicide. This reviewer found
their behavior extremely aggravating. One of the
triumphs of PayneTs writing is that, as he reveals
the charactersT history, one not only understands
this conduct, but also comes to empathize with
the pain and confusion that they experience upon
seeing one another.

Payne tells their story in a series of first-per-
son flashbacks. The central crisis comes when the
three young people decide to spend the summer
working at the beach. At the last minute Cary is
forced by his fatherTs illness to stay in Killdeer to
look after the family business. As one might guess,
he asks his best friend to look after his girl. The
cliche ends here, however. Jane and Adam do not
become involved with each other, but rather with
Cleanth and Morgan, respectively. This couple in
their thirties run the aptly named Lost Colony
hotel. Jane and Adam are quickly sucked into the
life of continuous excess"of drugs, alcohol, sex,
psychological manipulation, and material con-
sumption"that Cleanth and Morgan lead. Yet
here too Payne avoids cliche. The relationships

that develop among the four characters are com-
plex and emotionally charged, not merely sordid
and superficial. The charismatic Cleanth is the
sun around whom the others revolve. He sees
something of himself in the young Adam and for a
time acts as his mentor, introducing him to var-
ious forms of self-indulgence and challenging his
attitudes and values. At times Cleanth seems a
very suave and modern Mephistopheles. In one
cleverly written scene, Cleanth arrives wearing all
black and driving a black Porsche, to play a game
of tennis with the traditionally clad Adam. Cleanth
wins. Adam finds Cleanth intriguing and his life-
style seductive until its darker side begins to sur-
face. During a camping trip, Morgan reveals the
truth about CleanthTs past and present, shocking
the reader no less than Adam and Jane. Only then
do the younger couple realize that they have
fallen in love with each other.

Many elements of Early from the Dance
recall Thomas Wolfe, Eudora Welty, William
Faulker, Carson McCullers, and Flannery OTCon-
nor, among other Southern authors. PayneTs use
of language, emphasis on uncompromising honor
and fealty, interest in the various social strata,
evocative descriptions of nature, complex and
often dark family relationships, fascination with
insanity, and an implicit view of God as the source
of fate and redemption, all hearken back to the
authorTs regional heritage. The meticulous struc-
ture of the novel achieves a high level of suspense
while offering tantalizing foreshadowing.

David Payne was born in Henderson, North
Carolina, and graduated from Phillips Exeter
Academy and the University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill. His first novel, the picaresque Con-
fessional of a Taoist on Wall Street, won the
1984 Houghton Mifflin Literary Fellowship Award.
Readers familiar with that work will recognize
elements of the authorTs style and intellectual
orientation in Early from the Dance. Both con-
cern a male protagonist's literal and metaphysical
search for clues to his past and for self-awareness
and wholeness. Both novels reveal a fascination
with charismatic personalities, father figures,
moral ambiguity, power, domination, and killing.
They present New York as simultaneously the
promised land and a place of moral degradation.
Finally, they share a careful structure and the
skillful use of literary devices.

This complex and beautifully written novel is
highly recommended for public and academic
libraries across the state.

Elizabeth Bramm Dunn, Duke University

North Carolina Books

Geac COMPUTERS, INC.

ADVANCE Library System

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Cataloguing

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The ADVANCE System is based on
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Project Management and a Library
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Alexandria, VA 22314 703-836-0225

Walter C. Biggs, Jr., and James F. Parnell. State
Parks of North Carolina. Winston-Salem: John
F. Blair, Publisher, 1989. 339 pp. $14.95. ISBN 0-
89587-071-1 (pbk.).

If you are interested in standing on the tallest
mountain peak east of the Mississippi River, scal-
ing the highest sand dune on the east coast, fish-
ing for bass or bluefish, or simply studying nature
in peaceful surroundings, then this handy volume
is especially for you.

Between the years 1916 and 1987, the state of
North Carolina created some forty-one state
parks, natural areas, and recreation areas, taking
in nearly 135,000 acres of land. These sites range
in size from 110 acres at BooneTs Cave State Park
in Davidson County to 17,449 acres at Pettigrew
State Park near Creswell. They extend from the
coastal plain in eastern North Carolina to the
mountains in the western part of the state, and
contain a wide variety of natural environments
and facilities for lovers of the great outdoors.
State Parks of North Carolina provides current
facts and descriptive details on each of these state-
owned land areas and is intended as a basic
source of information concerning the stateTs

Winter 1989"261

North Carolina Books

parks. Its attractive format facilitates this pur-
pose.

The guide is well organized, with each major
unit in the parks system (state park, natural area,
and recreation area) treated separately. Within
the section entitled oState Parks,� the parks are
arranged by region (coastal plan, piedmont, and
mountain), and then discussed alphabetically by
the name of the park. Within the sections dealing
with the natural areas and recreation areas
(which are fewer in number), the areas are also
treated alphabetically by name, but are not
grouped according to geographic location. For
each entry, the following information is given (if
available): address, telephone number, size of
park, date of establishment, location (including
directions), principal park attractions, visitor
activities, and the season when open to tourists.
Text describes the siteTs historical background,
hiking trails, local flora and fauna, available tour-
ist facilities (campsites, swimming areas, picnic
grounds, etc.), and other easily accessible attrac-
tions nearby. An appendix of common and scien-
tific names of plants and animals noted in the
text is included for the interested reader. Scat-
terred illustrations, maps, and a helpful index
round out this entertaining source book for those
desiring to spend time in the parklands.

The authors, who traveled over nine thou-
sand miles in the course of three years visiting
nearly every site they describe, write with great
enthusiasm about the different kinds of experien-
ces that abound in North CarolinaTs parks. In a
concise and interesting manner, they make a
point that no matter what type of outdoor activ-
ity one enjoys, endless choices are available in the
impressive range of state parks.

Biggs and Parnell have obviously compiled
this book as a labor of love for the parks of North
Carolina and with the hope that others will share
the joy of visiting these protected lands. In State
Parks of North Carolina, they have presented
the public with a helpful, eminently readable
guide which can help its audience discover the
beauty and wonder of some of North CarolinaTs
most hidden and treasure-filled places. This book
is a must for all North Carolina libraries.

Mike Shoop, Robeson County Public Library

William R. Trotter. Bushwhackers! The Civil War
in North Carolina, Vol. II: The Mountains.
Greensboro: Signal Research, Inc., 1988. 338 pp.
$19.95. ISBN 0-929307-02-X. Order from Pied-
mont Impressions, P.O. Box 29364, Greensboro,

N.C. 27429.

262"Winter 1989

No major battles occurred in the mountains
of western North Carolina during the Civil War.
When mountain society collapsed, the violence
that took place was on a personal level, neighbor
against neighbor. Plundering and mayhem were
directed, not against some faceless mass, but
against individuals and families known and often
related to the combatants. Because western
North Carolina was outside the major theaters of
war and the engagements were usually small-s-
cale, and because the mountains have generally
been off the cognitive maps of southern and
North Carolina historians, only recently have
accounts of the western war been published
beyond county and local histories. Bushwhackers,
the second volume of William Trotter's three-vo-
lume history of the Civil War in North Carolina
[Silk Flags and Cold Steel: The Civil War in North
Carolina, Volume I: The Piedmont was reviewed
in the Summer, 1989, issue of North Carolina
Libraries], attempts to build a narrative by
assembling a mosaic of fragmentary accounts
while attempting oto minimize confusion . . . with-
out softening the ambiguities� (p. 3).

In his introduction the author provides an
accurate evaluation of this volume: oIf little has
been uncovered in the preparation of this book
that was totally unknown before, at least much of
the information has been assembled into a coher-
ent narrative that was scattered and buried in
obscurity until now� (p. 3). TrotterTs method has
been to conflate accounts from three major works
on the war in the mountains (Phillip Shaw Palud-
inTs Victims, Vernon H. CrowTs Storm in the Moun-
tains, and Ina W. Van NoppenTs StonemanTs Last
Raid) with incidents from county and family his-
tories and a variety of other sources. This has
resulted in extensive coverage of the Shelton Lau-
rel massacre, the activities of ThomasTs Legion of
Cherokee Indians, and General StonemanTs raid
through western North Carolina, along with a
number of less well-known events of the period.

Trotter sets the conflict within a framework
of class divisions between the more wealthy, pro-
gressive, and generally pro-Confederate mountain
elites of the towns and valley farms and the less
wealthy, subsistence farming, conservative, and
generally pro-Union mountainside and hollow
dwellers. The narrative is persuasive in its depic-
tion of the pervasive incidence of everyday vio-
lence in the western counties and convincing in
its description of the divisive effects of conscrip-
tion and the devastating results of impressment.

The author could have provided a more com-
prehensive and convincing account if he had used
more of the readily available primary sources.

North Carolina manuscript collections are full of
letters from the period, along with several news-
paper files available on microfilm. And the recent
publication of The Papers of Zebulon Vance pro-
vides an accessible wealth of documents. There
are also an annoying number of errors that
reduce the credibility of the book. Some examples
include spelling: Gregg for Gragg (p. 152); editor-
ial confusion: Spring Laurel for Shelton Laurel (p.
225); geographic: going from Wilkesboro to Mor-
gantown othrough Swannanoa Gap� (p. 22); mis-
reading of sources: John Ross owho would later
become prominent in tribal affairs� was born in
1790, died in 1866 and was not a member of the
Thomas Legion (p. 65); and howlers: Levi (not
Levy) Coffey, despite his name, was not Jewish (p.
153). The skirmish on Beech Mountain is re-
counted twice, first set in the spring of 1864 (pp.
161-164) and then, in a more condensed account,
set correctly in the fall of 1864 (p. 173). The anno-
tation is scanty and often leaves the reader with-
out an indication of where to follow up an
interesting event. In one instance a note miscites
ArthurTs Western North Carolina for his History
of Watauga County. While none of these errors
vitiate the author's basic arguments or narrative,
they suggest sloppy research and editing.

Although many historians will argue with
some of his hasty generalizations about Appala-
chian society and his accounts of Cherokee his-
tory, Trotter has provided a readable account of
the violent events that divided mountain people
during and after the Civil War that will suit the
needs of some readers, but libraries should
acquire the books by Paludin and Crow before
purchasing this one.

Eric J. Olson, Appalachian State University. qi

North Carolina Books

INTERNATIONAL LITERACY YEAR
af

14
JA y�"�
yo

Barry Moser has created a poster on 1990 International Liter-
acy Year for the ChildrenTs Book Council. The poster, measur-
ing 24� x 32%T, is in six colors. It costs $15.00 and is shipped
rolled in a mailing tube. Send a 25¢ stamped, self-addressed
envelope to CBC (P.O. Box 706, New York, NY 10276-0706) for
Current Materials Brochure for details.

Subscription Order

Please place mailing label
from your issue here.

North Carolina Libraries is published four
times a year by the North Carolina Library
Association. Subscription: $32 per year; $50
foreign countries. Single copy $10. Address
new subscriptions, renewals, and related
correspondence to Frances B. Bradburn, edi-
tor; North Carolina Libraries, Joyner Library,
East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
27858 or call (919) 757-6076. (For member-
ship information, see address label on jour-
nal)

Winter 1989"263

NCLA Section and Round Table
Biennial Reports
1987-1989

ChildrenTs Services Section Biennial Report

CSS has accomplished the following during this biennium:

1. Provided programs at both the NCLA and NCASL Con-
ferences.

2. Planned and produced the oChanging Needs . .. Chang-
ing Behavior� seminar for professional Youth Services Librarians
in conjunction with the State Library and UNC-Greensboro.

3. Undertaken to publish a programming manual which
will be available for sale at the T89 Conference.

4. Instituted a membership drive.

5. Published the oChapbook� newsletter.

Cal Shepard

College and University Section Biennial Report

Two outstanding workshops highlighted the activities of the
section during the last two years. In April, 1988, the section
sponsored oCD-ROM: Promises and Pitfalls� at Meredith College.
Participants heard morning presentations from Jaye Bausser
from Duke; Melissa Cain from UNC-Chapel Hill; Frada Mozenter
and Bil Stahl from UNC-Charlotte. Vendors, including Bibliofile,
Laserquest, Infotrac, Newsbank, Magazine Index, Silver Platter,
and Microsoft Bookshelf, gave demonstrations in the afternoon.
Kim Amato from UNC-Chapel Hill provided a bibliography.

In April, 1989, the theme of the workshop was oTerm Papers
to Terminals: Solutions to Problems in Bibliographic Instruc-
tion.� Elon College hosted the meeting and over one hundred
participants enjoyed the new Fine Arts Building and the hospi-
tality of Al Jones and his staff. Featured speakers included
Melanie Dodson from New York University and Kathleen Jack-
son from Duke. Afternoon workshops were lead by Marta Lange
and Gary Momenee on freshman Bibliographic Instruction (BI);
by Adam Kallish on Graphic Interfaces; Margret Hazen on Hyper-
card; Margaret Jackson and Kim Amato on CD-ROM; and Eliza-
beth Bramm Dunn on Burnout. One of the goals of the planning
committee of the BI workshop was to determine if there would
be interest in forming a BI interest group within the section.
Much interest was expressed, and further planning is underway.
Another BI event is anticipated for early 1990.

The Spring 1990 workshop will feature consultants from the
Center for Creative Leadership in Greensboro. The workshop
will be held in late April in a location near the center of the state.

For the biennial meeting in Charlotte, the section sponsored
a presentation by Jessie Carney Smith, University Librarian at
Fisk in Nashville, TN.

Martha M. Smith

Community & Junior College Section Biennial Report

The Community & Junior College Section is one of the
smallest sections of the Association (65 individual member-

264"Winter 1989

ships). Consequently, the major activity of the section has been
to increase membership. A letter soliciting new members and
encouraging/reminding current members to renew was drafted
in late July, 1989, and mailed to all the community and junior
colleges in the state as listed in PetersonTs Annual Guide to
Two-Year Colleges, 1988 ed.

The Section has cooperated with the College & University
Section in preparing a joint program at the Biennial Conference
in Charlotte in October, 1989. Our presenter will be Jesse Carney
Smith of Fisk University. Dr. Smith was named oAcademic Li-
brarian of the Year� in 1985 and has many other honors to her
credit.

The Nominating Committee of the Section has presented
the following slate to serve as officers for the next biennium
1989-1991:

Chair: Susan Janney, Librarian, Charlotte AHEC
Librarian (having served as Chair-Elect. 1987-
1989)

Chair-Elect: Alice Wilkins, Head Librarian, Sandhills Com-
munity College

Secretary: Sheila Core, Reference Librarian, Surry Com-
munity College

Directors: Betty Williamson, Dean, LRC Fayetteville

Technical Community College
David Stewart, Librarian, Rutledge College,
Winston-Salem
Beverly Gass, Guilford Technical Community College and
John Thomas, Davidson County Community College served as
Nominating Committee.

R. Frank Sinclair

Documents Section Biennial Report

Workshops

The Documents Section planned and held three workshops
during the biennium. The first workshop: oInternational Trade
Information: What's New? Where and How to Find It!� was held
on May 6, 1988, at the Durham County Library. Speakers
included Dr. Edward Tower, Duke University, Linda F. Jones,
U.S. Foreign Commercial Service, Greensboro District Office;
Gordon McRoberts, N.C. Department of Commerce, Interna-
tional Division; Harold Blyweiss, Foreign Trade Division, U.S.
Bureau of the Census; and Patricia Zigas, Business Reference
Librarian, BA/SS, Davis Library, UNC-Chapel Hill. This panel of
experts discussed information needs of researchers, services
available from government, the harmonized tariff schedule, and
library resources.

The second workshop: oCollection Development Policies for
Government Publications,� was held at Wilson Library, UNC-
Chapel Hill on October 7, 1988. A successful grant application
for LSCA Continuing Education funds helped us to attract
speakers with noteworthy experience in collection management.
Speakers included Dr. Robert Broadus, School of Information

and Library Science, UNC-Chapel Hill; Barbara Huylk, Docu-
ments Specialist, Detroit Public Library; and Marie Clark, Duke
University. They made presentations concerning basic principles
of collection development, demographics, the Government
Printing Office connection (GPO), and preservation and rare
documents. Sample collection policies were criticized. A panel of
North Carolina documents librarians discussed cooperative col-
lection development and highlighted strengths of special collec-
tions of documents in North Carolina. A review of the workshop
evaluation forms revealed that objectives of the workshop were
met.

The third workshop: oGovernment Documents and Online
Catalogs: Alternatives,� was sponsored in part by an NCLA pro-
gram grant. Four experts provided insight on bibliographic
access of major depository collections via online systems.
Carolyn Jamison discussed document cataloging problems and
issues. Janifer Meldrum discussed documents archival tape
cleanup and issues relating to the loading of archival tapes. Jan
Swanbeck discussed the cataloging of documents in an online
system. Arlene Hanerfeld discussed short record entry into the
OCLC/LS2000 system with ramifications for circulation and the
online catalog.

A study circle on state documents, sponsored by the North
Carolina Library Staff Development Program, was held at the
State Library on September 30, 1988. Patricia Langelier was
facilitator for the informal problem solving session.

North Carolina State Document Depository System

A representative of the NCLA Documents Section, Jack
McGeachy, was named to the Depository System Advisory
Board. Ten new depository libraries were added in February,
1989. The present total of North Carolina depository libraries,
including the original seven pilot libraries is seventeen. Nearly
6,000 individual items were distributed through the System
from November 1988 through March 1989.

Legislative Activities

Patricia Langelier testified before the Legislative Research
Study Committee (LRC) about the value and use of state publi-
cations. Members of the Section supported and monitored the
oState Publication Policy� bill which addressed the issues of a
uniform policy for the production and distribution of state pub-
lications and appropriate use of acid-free paper in state docu-
ments.

Bylaws
The SectionTs Bylaws have been revised by the Executive
Committee and reviewed by the NCLA Constitution, Codes, and

Handbook Revision Committee.

Conference Program

The SectionTs conference program: oDocuments in the
Schools,� was an outreach program which focused on coopera-
tive efforts of documents librarians and school media specialists
to increase the use of documents in schools. Featured speakers
included Ridley Kessler, the Regional Depository Librarian and
current chair of the Depository Library Council, and Carol
Lewis, School Media Programs Director for the state of North
Carolina. A panel discussion of documents use by elementary,
middle, and high school librarians illustrated successful and
cooperative efforts between depository librarians and media
specialists.

Publishing

A new attractive format for the The Docket (ISSN 0198-
1048), the official quarterly newsletter of the Documents Section
of the North Carolina Library Association, was instituted by edi-
tors, Cheryl McLean and Patricia Langelier. Regular features

Biennial Reports

have included profiles of federal depository libraries; notable
documents column; Frame of Reference"Documents Reference
Sources; Pending Legislation; and state documents news.

Officers
The SectionTs officers for the 1987-1989 biennium are listed
below.

October 1987-October 1988

Patricia Langelier, Chair

Lauren S. Williams, Vice-Chair/Chair-Elect
Nancy Kohlenbrander, Secretary/Treasurer

October 1988-October 1989

Lauren S. Williams, Chair

Robert Gaines, Vice-Chair/Chair-Elect
Lisa T, Abbott, Secretary/Treasurer

The 1987-1989 biennium has been busy and profitable for
the Documents Section. My appreciation goes to the excellent
work of the Executive Committee and Section members over the
past two years. It has been a pleasure to serve on the NCLA
Executive Board as the SectionTs representative.

Lauren S. Williams

Intellectual Freedom Committee Biennial Report

1. Responded to requests for information from North
Carolina librarians in Chapel Hill, Morganton, Fayetteville,
Greenville, Edenton, Charlotte, Fremont, Carthage, Raleigh,
Greensboro, Pembroke, Asheville, Louisburg, Hiddenite, Point
Harbor, Taylorsville, Hickory, Rocky Mount, Stoneville, Rock-
ingham, Winston-Salem, Lucama, Salisbury, Kinston, Wilson,
Eden, Wilmington, Clemmons, Trinity, North Wilkesboro, Golds-
boro, Pikesville, Wake Forest, Raleigh, Farmville, Burlington, New
Bern, Kernersville, and Durham.

2. Responded to requests for information from out of state
in Oklahoma City, Memphis, Milwaukee, New York, Chicago, Win-
ter Park, Jacksonville, AL, Washington, Madison, Des Moines,
Manhattan, KS, Roanoke, New Brunswick, Virginia Beach,
Brooklyn, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, Atlanta, Norfolk, Bir-
mingham, Phoenix, Orono, Lansing, Sante Fe, Dallas, Houston,
Providence, and Port Arthur, TX.

3. Committee members were involved in intellectual free-
dom workshops in Waynesville, Lenoir, Kinston, Burlington, Car-
thage, Winston-Salem, Greensboro, Asheboro, and Greenville.

4. Chairman gave intellectual freedom presentations/
speeches in Greensboro, Wilson, Charlotte, Columbia, SC, Rocky
Mount, Greenville, Raleigh, Chapel Hill, Boone, Roanoke, VA, Chi-
cago, IL, Atlanta, GA, Lillington, Farmville, Norfolk, VA, Bir-
mingham, AL, Asheville, Washington, DC, Phoenix, AZ, Houston,
TX, Santa Fe, NM, Dallas, TX, Syracuse, NY, Cullowhee, and
Rome, GA. Future presentations have been scheduled in Lans-
ing, MI, Jekyll Island, GA, Greenville, Detroit, MI, Providence, RI,
High Point, and Chicago, IL.

5. Chairman appeared on television and radio supporting
intellectual freedom in Greenville, Washington, New Bern, Albe-
querque, NM, Santa Fe, NM, Kinston, Winston-Salem, Raleigh,
Atlanta, GA, Syracuse, NY, Waco, TX, San Francisco, CA, New
Orleans, LA, Greensboro, Wilmington, and High Point: He also
was interviewed for numerous newspaper articles.

6. Chairman had articles/chapters published on intellec-
tual freedom in North Carolina Libraries (edited Fall, 1987,
issue on intellectual freedom), Intellectual Freedom Manual
(8rd edition published by ALA), Sociology: An Introduction

Winter 1989"265

Biennial Reports

(published by Random House), Newsletter on Intellectual Free-
dom (book review), School Library Media Quarterly (book
review), Texas Library Journal, and Free Speech Yearbook
(Volume 27 published by Southern Illinois University Press).

7. Chairman elected as Chairman of the Board of Advisors
of People for the American Way in North Carolina and helped
form coalition with NCLA IFC resulting in conferences/seminars
on intellectual freedom in Raleigh, Asheville, and Winston-
Salem; the establishment of a censorship hotline (1-800-768-7329);
the establishment of a writersT and speakersT bureau; establish-
ment of newsletter, The North Carolina Connection, going to
over 5000 members in the state; a Salute to Liberty fundraiser at
Biltmore Estate in Asheville; television promos featuring board
member Maya Angelou for Banned Books Week; and an evening
reception featuring actresses Elizabeth McGovern and Natasha
Richardson reading banned passages from Shakespeare.

8. Maintained chronological notebooks of newspaper clip-
pings forwarded by committee members to the chairman on
intellectual freedom to help track trends in censorship.

9. Reported on NCLA IFC activities at oRoll Call of the
States� at annual conference of the American Library Associa-
tion in New Orleans and Dallas.

10. Negotiated with Social Issues Resources Series, Inc., to
again give the cash award to accompany the NCLA Intellectual
Freedom Award at the biennial conference of the North Caro-
lina Library Association; to develop a brochure gratis on the
NCLA and SIRS Intellectual Freedom Awards describing the
award and listing IFC members, their addresses, and telephone
numbers for distribution at the conference; and to give an all-
conference reception honoring intellectual freedom in North
Carolina.

11. Cooperated with Paulette B. Bracy in planning and
conducting an intellectual freedom preconference.

12. Monitored censorship attempts on many titles includ-
ing: Flowers for Algernon; oThe MillerTs Tale� from Canterbury
Tales; I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings; WhatTs the Matter,
Silvie? Can't You Ride?; Angel Dust Blues; Run, Shelley Run;
Ordinary People; This School is Driving Me Crazy; What Kind
of Guy Do You Think I Am?; Light in the Attic; Vogue, Mademoi-
selle, Cosmopolitan, Glamour, Life; Top Dog, Bottom Dog; Foster
Child; Monsters and Vampires; Crossroads (movie); Library
program on ESP and healing; Brochure on Guidelines for AIDS
Risk Reduction; ItTs Not the End of the World; The Great Gilly
Hopkins; One Flew Over the CuckooTs Nest; Encounter (text-
book); The Chocolate War; Magical Changes; Moondial; No Place
for Me; The Three Robbers; Abortion and the Conscience of the
Nation; The Last Temptation of Christ (movie); Annie on My
Mind; The Four Major Cults; Pregnancy Support Services
(exhibit); Less Than Zero; The AnarchistTs Handbook.

Gene D. Lanier

Junior Members Round Table Biennial Report

The activities of the Junior Members Round Table during
the past two years include sponsoring a program and an exhibit
at the 1987 Biennial Conference; presenting the Baker & Taylor
Grassroots Grant, Young Librarian Award, and the Friendly
Booth Award at the 1987 Biennial Conference; participating in
the 1989 Career Fair at the University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill; revising our bylaws; and planning for our program
at the 1989 biennial conference.

For the 1987 Biennial Conference, the JMRT along with the
ChildrenTs Services Section and the Round Table for Ethnic
Minority Concerns sponsored the program oA Sample of NCLA.�

266"Winter 1989

During the program JMRT presented the Baker & Taylor Grass-
roots Grant to Jill Gregory and the Young LibrarianTs Award to
Susie Speer. JMRT also gave a Friendly Booth Award to Vtek.

Despite losing several officers during 1988 and 1989, the
Round TableTs executive board worked on revising the bylaws so
that our bylaws would be in line with those of ALA/JMRT. These
changes included redefining eligibility requirements for members
and clarifying the duties of the Secretary/Treasurer and Direc-
tor of Information. The board has also proposed that the name
of the Round Table be changed to New Members Round Table.
The general membership will vote on this change at the business
meeting to be held at the 1989 conference. Board members also
planned a program on mentoring to be held at the 1989 confer-
ence and sponsored a small exhibit at the UNC-CH Career Fair
for library science students. The Round Table was successful in
recruiting new members at this event.

Rhonda Hunter

North Carolina Association of School Librarians
Biennial Report

For the 1987-89 biennium NCASLTs image has been shining.
For the first time ever, membership broke 1000 (highest count
1124). New ground was broken in other areas as well. The Exec-
utive Board and committee chairs participated in an overnight
retreat to plan long- and short-range goals for the Association.
The School Library Media Coordinator of the Year Award was
established. NCASL sponsored a statewide teleconference on
Information Power, the new Guidelines for School Media Pro-
grams. The NCASL Legislative Committee was created. The
NCASL Bulletin was given a facelift and set new standards for
itself. A liaison person was appointed to coordinate activities
with the NC High School Library Media Association. Even in
these transition months to a new biennium NCASL is planning
to take on the sponsorship of a statewide competition among
middle schools called Battle of the Books.

In spite of all the onew� activity, obusiness as usual� did not
suffer. An excellent statewide conference was very successful
according to evaluations. Vice-chair Laura Benson led the plan-
ning for the 1988 program, oInformation Power: Building Part-
nerships for Tomorrow.� The 1989 program at NCLA promises to
be equally exciting with author Alvin Schwartz featured.

Other accomplishments include major Handbook revision,
yearly School Library Media Day events, AASL involvement by
many of the members of NCASL, participation in ALA Legisla-
tive Day in Washington, DC, issuance of new stationery bearing
the adopted NCASL logo, participation in initial planning for the
next White House Conference on Libraries and Information
Science.

NCASL has been very proud of its award recipients:

Superintendent of the Year:
Larry Ivey, Montgomery County Schools
School Library Media Coordinator of the Year:
Libby Pitts, Greensboro City Schools
Mary Peacock Douglas Award:
Emily Boyce, East Carolina University

In addition to the above, scholarships and research grants are
given annually to several applicants.

Only the highlights have been mentioned. Hundreds of
committee members put in thousands of volunteer hours to
make it all possible"and more too!

Carol Southerland

North Carolina Library Paraprofessional Association
Biennial Report

In December 1987, President Patsy Hansel appointed a
committee to explore the issue of paraprofessional participa-
tion in NCLA. Ann Thigpen of Sampson-Clinton Public Library,
Judie Stoddard of Onslow County Public Library, and Meralyn
Meadows of Stanly County Public Library made up this commit-
tee with Mrs. Thigpen serving as Chair. The first step taken by
this committee was querying all paraprofessionals in public, aca-
demic, and school libraries. Using the American Library Direc-
tory as a guide, a survey was mailed to 292 libraries. In April 1988,
tabulation results of the survey showed a response from 726
paraprofessionals, with only 61 of those respondents being
members of NCLA. However, 481 of those respondents were
interested in joining a paraprofessional round table.

With such a positive response from the survey, a petition
with 100 signatures of NCLA members supporting the formation
of a round table on paraprofessional participation was pre-
sented to the Executive Board of NCLA at the July 29, 1988,
meeting. Round table status was granted.

The North Carolina Library Paraprofessional Association
was the name chosen by a majority of paraprofessionals at an
organizational meeting held on November 10, 1988, at the Dur-
ham County Public Library in Durham, North Carolina. More
than 120 paraprofessionals from across the state attended this
meeting. Debbie Wolcott, Chair of the Paraprofessional Forum of
the Virginia Library Association was the keynote speaker. In an
effort to learn the areas of concern of paraprofessionals and the
direction this round table should pursue, participants were
divided into groups to discuss their concerns with a spokesper-
son from each group. Some of those concerns included:

¢ Limited travel funds for paraprofessionals to attend meet-

ings and workshops.

* Communication. Paraprofessionals donTt always receive

communication from above.

* Respect for the paraprofessional"especially from profes-

sionals on the same staff"and assertiveness training.

¢ Job descriptions that do not accurately reflect the work

being done.

¢ Temporary upgrades for paraprofessionals taking over

responsibilities of vacant professional positions.

¢ Advocacy for paraprofessionals.

¢ Improvement of work performance through workshops.

¢ Need to learn procedures for requesting reclasses, upgrades,

etc., to relieve salary discrepancies.

* Supervision by paraprofessionals of coworkers and friends

when the professionals are absent.

* Recognition for work well done, in addition to salary

increases.

* Discrepancies in job classifications in different institutions.
This round table hopes to address these concerns through
workshops and training sessions. The results should be a more
productive and efficient paraprofessional staff, one that con-
tributes to the overall success of the library.

On January 16, 1989, at Elon College a steering committee
met to elect interim officers to guide the activities of this new
round table for the remainder of the biennium. Those officers
are Ann Thigpen, chair, Edna White, secretary, and Sandra
Hope, treasurer.

On May 25, 1989, a workshop, oImproving Staff Communica-
tions,� sponsored by NCLPA was held at Wilson County Public
Library with 75 participants. Dr. Ernie Tompkins, Director of
Training for the City of Winston-Salem was the presenter. A
repeat of the same workshop was held on May 31 at Appalachian
State University in Boone with 52 participants. Duncan Smith, of

Biennial Reports

North Carolina Central University, served as program coordina-
tor. These workshops were funded in part by LSCA Title III.

As of July 1989 this round table has also printed three news-
letters.

The NCLPA has engaged Ms. Kathleen Weibel, Director of
Libraries, Ohio Wesleyan University to be our keynote speaker at
the 1989 NCLA convention. Ms. Weibel will present a program on
Wednesday, October 11, and again on Friday, October 13.

Since the formation of this round table, we have had inquir-
ies from other states concerning our Association. There seems to
be a national movement toward an organization within ALA
geared to the library paraprofessional.

Ann H. Thigpen

Public Library Section Biennial Report

During this biennium one committee, Automated Services,
was created in Planning Council, and two committees appeared
to be headed for status as NCLA committees: Literacy and
Genealogy & Local History.

In efforts to further public librarianship, the Personnel
Committee was active in recruitment efforts such as the UNC-
CH Career Day. The Development Committee created the $500
Public Library Development Award intended to reward individ-
ual initiative and creativity.

The YA Committee's Grassroots was revised and a new pub-
lication, The Public Image, was published by the PR Committee.
The Audiovisual CommitteeTs A.V. Directory and Resource
Guide will be out shortly.

The section co-sponsored the General Assembly Library
Legislative Day Breakfast in Raleigh, which appeared to be quite
effective, although a roll call affected attendance. Two representa-
tives of PLS attended National Legislative Day in Washington.

Staff development opportunities were offered by commit-
tees of the Public Library Section, including oHow to Deal With

Noted author and storyteller Alvin Schwartz entertained
North Carolina Association of School Librarians at their
annual conference luncheon in Charlotte.

Winter 1989"267

Biennial Reports

the Media� (PR Committee), oA.V. Equipment Maintenance and
Repair Workshop� (AV Committee), a oBookmobile Workshop�
(Adult Services), and others. A major effort was oLibraries Open-
ing Doors to Literacy� held in conjunction with the N.C. Literacy
Association Conference in Boone by our Literacy Committee.

The members of the Genealogy Committee were responsible
for organizing the new NCLA Round Table on Special Collec-
tions. Our Literacy Committee is also the NCLA Literacy Com-
mittee

Will Manley will be the Conference Speaker on October 13,
1989. The State Library was invited to send a representative to
Planning Council and either Howard McGinn or John Welch
attended.

Finally, the Section has been asked to use $5000 of available
LSCA money to prepare an RFP to accomplish a comprehensive
study of public library development in the state. We plan to do
so and to investigate the possibility of co-sponsoring a lobbyist in
the General Assembly. Much was accomplished and much indi-
vidual effort was expended by the members of each of our com-
mittees. We feel that the Public Library Section had a very
successful biennium.

David G. Fergusson

Public Library Trustee Section Biennial Report

Achievements for the past two years

1. Established the North Carolina Public Library Trustee
Institute as a jointly sponsored program of the State Library of
North Carolina, The North Carolina Library Staff Development
Program, North Carolina Public Library Directors Association,
and NCLA Public Library Section.

The Friends of North Carolina Public Libraries became a
co-sponsor of the Institute in 1989.

2. Sponsored two very successful Trustee Conferences
through the North Carolina Public Library Trustee Institute in
May 1988 and May 1989.

Highlights of the conferences were:

1988
oThe Future of Economic Development in the South�"Jesse
L. White, Jr.

oBooks that Develop the Mind�" Dudley Flood

oFiscal Responsibilities of Trustees�"Ronald A. Dubberly
1989

oShaping Economic and Education Growth in Communities�

"Robert H. McNulty, President, Partners for Livable
Places

oPlanning for Automation and Communication Networks�

oBuilding and Renovating for Effective Service�

oFiscal Responsibilities: The Growth of Money, Making the

Most of It�

3. Participated in the Annual Legislative Day in Washing-
ton, D.C., April 1988 and 1989.

4. Co-sponsored preconference on censorship and intellec-
tual freedom at the NCLA Biennial Conference, October 10,
1989.

5. Sponsoring session on trusteesT role in promoting literacy
in local communities for educational and economic growth and
stability at the NCLA Biennial Conference, Thursday, October
12, 1989.

Summary and Acknowledgements:

The Public Library Trustee Section has been successful in
fulfilling its goals and objectives for the 1987-1989 biennium. The
section has planned and sponsored two significant continuing
education programs for its members and public library leaders
in North Carolina. These programs have received national and
regional recognition, and requests have been made from several

268"Winter 1989

state libraries for materials used in planning and implementing
them.

Special appreciation is accorded the State Library of North
Carolina for its role in establishing the North Carolina Public
Library Trustee Institute and to Dr. Benjamin F. Speller, Jr.,
Dean of the School of Library and Information Sciences, for
providing the facilities and resources at North Carolina Central
University needed to make this important milestone in the his-
tory of this section a reality. Special thanks are made to Bill
Roberts and the staff of the Forsyth County Public Library for
their support during my tenure as Chair of the Public Library
Trustee Section.

Trene P. Hairston

Reference and Adult Services Section Biennial Report

The non-Conference highlight of this biennium was the Sep-
tember 9, 1988, workshop, oNew Visions: Challenges to Informa-
tion Professionals,� held at the Forsyth County Public Library.
Our presenters, a mix of librarians and non-librarians repres-
enting vastly different backgrounds, reflected the exciting diver-
sity of RASS supporters.

Our presenters offered challenges to modern librarians.
Forsyth County Manager Graham Pervier told us to go out and
make some mistakes; Information USA President Matthew
Lesko told us to look outside our organizations, especially in
non-traditional places, for what our clients need; Winston-Salem
attorney Meyressa Schoonmaker told us to stay in touch with
the heart of our communities, to remember powerful informa-
tion as the great equalizer among unequals; College of William
and Mary librarian Jim Rettig persuaded us to ask ourselves
daily why we were at our jobs and to make the complex simple
for our public; Duke University librarian Kathleen Jackson told
us to be non-conformists and to question all the basic cataloging
rules; North Carolina Library Staff Development Coordinator
Duncan Smith told us that continuing education was the best
management tool possible and affirmed the value of otime to
think.�

And, most exciting of all, the audience challenged the chal-
lengers. The discussion was terrific, confirming our notion that,
above all, RASS needs to offer a forum for exchange between
professionals of different North Carolina communities on the
heart of this matter of adult library services and information
providing. (We are sure automation is not the sole subject of
professional concern!)

One new form of exchange has been spearheaded by Charles
Montouri, at the State Library. RASS has begun elec-
tronically networking reference and adult services information,
the opeople, places, events, bibliographies, reports� of our North
Carolina library world. These librarians will cover their areas of
the state: Southwest Region, Laurel Hicks, Gaston County Public
(editor-in-chief); Central Region, Nancy Rountree, Sandhills
Community College; Northwest Region, Barry Miller, R.J. Rey-
nolds Tobacco Co.; Western Region, Anna Donnally, Asheville-
Buncombe Library; Southwest Region, Betty Holmes and Elaine
Franz, St. Andrews Presbyterian College; and Northeast Region,
Mike Gluck, East Carolina University.

Conference planning, chaired by Johannah Sherrer, has
centered on our values of diversity and collegial exchange. Main
presenters on the human dynamics of reference service (what
we call oLife in the Fast Lane�) at the October 1989 Biennial
Conference, are public library director Will Manley and univer-
sity library director Kaye Gapen. Following the main presenta-
tions, audience can choose to participate in discussions of CD
Roms: Effective Care and Feeding Techniques; Ethics of Treating
Different Patrons Differently; Roadblocks to Reference Service

Created by Librarians; Meatball Reference: Techniques for Main-
taining Quality during Rush Periods; Library Instruction: Tech-
niques for Keeping it Fresh; and Selling Your Library at the
Reference Desk.

RASS has had its best planning meetings when everyone
who expressed an interest in the Section was invited to join the
Board. Thank you, everyone. Thank you, especially, to Vice Chair
Johannah Sherrer, Secretary/Treasurer Anna Donnally, direc-
tors at large Anne Marie Elkins and Debora Hazel, college and
university director Cindy Adams, community college director
Barbara Miller, special director Joyce Throckmorton, public
director Joan Sherif, North Carolina Libraries rep Ilene Nelson,
and past chair Jean Amelang.

Barbara Anderson

Resources and Technical Services Section
Biennial Report

The RTSS section of NCLA has had a successful and very
active biennium. First, the section held its biennial Mini-Confer-
ence at Southern Pines, oTechnical Services as Public Services,�
which more than one hundred members attended. By all
accounts, the program was a major success, offering new
insights and methods for integrating the two services.

In addition, at the Mini-Conference, we experimented with
a pre-conference cataloging workshop for alternate formats,
which drew more than twenty attendees. Because this was such
a successful addition to our program, we have added this format
to the RTSS contribution to the upcoming NCLA Fall Confer-
ence.

At the NCLA Fall Conference, the Association is sponsoring
two general speakers: Sandy Berman, head of cataloging at the
Hennepin County (Minnesota) Public Library, who will discuss
oEverything About Cataloging You Probably Did Not Learn in
Library School,� and Tom Broadfoot, a Wilmington (NC) rare
book dealer, who will talk about oOld and Rare Books Simpli-
fied"Care, Protection, Evaluation and, Yes, Even Discarding.�
We will also repeat our traditional breakfast and awards meet-
ing.

During the biennium, RTSS has established a new award, in
addition to the two previously offered. The oSignificant Contri-
bution� award was designed to recognize the individual who has,
in some way, made a major improvement in the field of Techni-
cal Services in the state of North Carolina.

All in all, this has been a busy biennium for RTSS: holding a
successful Mini-Conference, contributing to the overall NCLA
Conference, and expanding areas in which we recognize and
award contributors to our own field.

Harry Tuchmayer

Round Table on Ethnic and Minority Concerns
Biennial Report

REMCo proposed workshops on the following topics for the
biennium:
1. The Interviewing Process
2. Branch Library Services
3. Recruiting
4. Afro-American Genealogy
5. Working Relations from a Minority Perspective
It successfully accomplished the following:
1. Workshop on Afro-American Genealogy
2. Workshop on Mentorship conducted by Arniece
Hilliard Bowen, N.C. A&T State University, Greensboro

Biennial Reports

3. Participation in the NCCUTs workshop on Mentorship
and Networking

REMCo conducted regular meetings and received a report
on the status of Black Librarianship by Carolyn Gill, NCCU circu-
lation librarian, Durham, during a regular meeting held at Nash
Community College, Rocky Mount, on March 4, 1988.

REMCo received a NCLA grant to sponsor Ann Allen Shock-
ley, newspaper staff writer and columnist, librarian, consultant,
and writer, Nashville, TN; and Casper LeRoy Jordan, deputy
director, Atlanta-Fulton Public Library, Atlanta, GA, as speakers
at the NCLA 1989 Conference. The session oRoad Builders"
Librarians Who Paved the WayT will honor outstanding minority
librarians in academic, public, school, and special libraries and
library education. Announcements of the award and guidelines
for nominations will be mailed to the entire membership.

REMCo co-sponsored Maya Angelou, renowned author, lec-
turer, and Wake Forest University professor, as a keynote
speaker at the 1987 NCLA Conference.

The REMCo Newsletter was edited and published twice dur-
ing the biennium.

Geneva B. Chavis

Round Table on the Status of Women in Librarianship
Biennial Report

The Round Table presented two workshops this biennium,
both funded from LSCA Title III. The first, entitled oBecome a
More Effective Communicator,� was presented in two locations,
June 3, 1988, in Fayetteville and June 10 in Winston-Salem. A
total of forty-one participants attended. We heard Dr. Loleta
Wood Foster's presentations on verbal and non-verbal commun-
ication styles, strategies, and techniques to sharpen skills. We
shared several public speaking assignments in a large group
setting and exercises in a small group setting; and each partici-
pant was videotaped in an interview situation. Evaluations were
generally good, with positive reviews of the videotape expe-
rience.

The second workshop was called oMoney and Librarians� and
held in Chapel Hill at the School of Information and Library
Science on March 16, 1989. Thirty-five participants from all
areas of the profession, including public, school, academic, and
special libraries, heard Alice Sizer Warner of the Information
Guild, a financial management and consulting firm, address top-
ics such as the budget process, feeling comfortable talking about
money, alternate funding sources, and entrepreneurship in the
information business. Evaluations were fairly good; some parti-
cipants wanted a more in-depth presentation. The Round Table
is reconsidering the tactic of having a one-day workshop so that
librarians would not have to stay overnight versus having too
much material to cover in one day.

Our newsletter MsMANAGEMENT was published and
mailed three times per year for a total of six issues. We com-
pleted Volume 4. Interviews this biennium included Jinx Melia,
our speaker at the NCLA Biennial Conference; Mary Jo Godwin
of Wilson Library Bulletin; Dean Evelyn Daniel of UNC-Chapel
Hill School of Information and Library Science; Elinor Swaim of
the North Carolina State Library Commission; Marion Johnson,
retired from the State LIbrary; Rose Simon of Salem College; and
Mary McAfee of Forsyth County Public Library, our most recent
Past-President.

We are sponsoring a major speaker at the Biennial Confer-
ence in Charlotte, Jinx Melia, author of BREAKING INTO THE
BOARDROOM, formerly titled WHY JENNY CANTT LEAD. Ms.
Melia is founder of Operational Politics, Inc., a program designed
to teach men and women how to recognize the operational sys-

Winter 1989"269

Biennial Reports

tems at work in business, community and politics. She has
taught courses in the development and.use of power for the CIA,
US. Naval Academy, and other top government agencies. She has
appeared extensively in the media, including TIME magazine,
the TODAY show, and DONAHUE. The Social Issues Resources
Services Series, Inc., donated $500 toward Ms. MeliaTs expenses.

We are co-sponsoring a reception at Discovery Place with
the ChildrenTs Services Section on Thursday evening at the con-
ference. Instead of MSMANAGEMENT t-shirts (which are still on
sale through the newsletter), we are offering pink MSMANAGE-
MENT notepads for sale at the conference.

Patrice Ebert

NCLA Minutes

North Carolina Library Association
Minutes of the Executive Board

July 28, 1989
Barbara Anderson Gloria Miller
Barbara Baker David Paynter
Amanda Bible Nancy Ray
Frances Bradburn Karen Seawell
Doris Anne Bradley Cal Shepard
Nancy Brenner Frank Sinclair
Waltrene M. Canada Gorda Singletary

Melanie Collins
Patric Dorsey
Patrice Ebert
David Fergusson
Nancy Fogarty
Ray Frankle
Janet Freeman
David Gleim

Jim Govern
Patsy Hansel
Irene Hairston
Ruth Hoyle
Michael LaCroix
Patricia Langelier

Carol Southerland
Sylvia Sprinkle-Hamlin
Susan Squires
Renee F. Stiff
Rebecca Taylor
Beverly Tetterton
Ann H. Thigpen
Jerry Thrasher
Harry Tuchmayer
Susan Turner

Art Weeks

John Welch
Lauren S. Williams

The Executive Board of the North Carolina Library
Association was called to order by President Patsy Hansel at
10:05 a.m., July 28, 1989. The above persons were present at New
Hanover County Public Library. Rebecca Taylor, Harry Tuch-
mayer, and Director David Paynter brought greetings.

President Hansel recognized newly elected officers, new
chairs-elect, and other guests.

Minutes of the April 28, 1989 meeting were approved with
two minor corrections.

Treasurer Nancy FogartyTs exhibits showed $5,262.82 in the
checking account and $90,261.97 in the Cash Investment Account;
disbursements totaled $46,690.91 from April 1 to June 30,
1989; and North Carolina Libraries had a June 30 balance
of $38,052.04. Treasurer Fogarty noted that NCLA was spending
money, but not nearly fast enough.

270"Winter 1989

Barbara Baker distributed a draft of the conference pro-
gram. On August 15, preconference information will be mailed,
and another mailing will occur September 1. She mentioned that
70 vendors had registered and more were expected.

President Hansel asked for volunteers to work as oExpert
Advisors� at the Placement Center on October 11 and 12.

Editor Frances Bradburn reported that the summer issue of
North Carolina Libraries was mailed July 20. She attended the
Chapter Editors meeting in Dallas and noted that the Chapter
Editors Subcommittee was an official subcommittee of the
American Library Association Chapter Relations Committee.
During August, the NCL editorial board will identify the
recipient of the Ray Moore Award, an award presented at the
NCLA Conference to the author of the best article about public
librarianship during the preceding biennium. Themes for
upcoming issues starting with Fall, 1989 and ending Spring,
1990 are oTechnology,� oConference Issue,� and oLibrary Humor.�
In addition, Editor Bradburn praised the work of the NCL
editorial board.

Kieth Wright, ALA Council Representative, was absent.
However, he submitted a report indicating that more than
17,000 people attended the annual conference, membership
increased 15% since 1985, information literacy continues to be
discussed, any dues increase will be postponed until 1991, the
new Executive Director is Linda Crismond, and ALA divisions
will pay a greater share of the costs they incur. The report
further stated that copyright of computer software legislation
has been amended to exempt nonprofit libraries and libraries in
educational institutions from restrictions on lending of such
materials.

Jerry Thrasher passed out the new dues structure for the
Southeastern Library Association which ranges from $10 to $30
based on salaries, $40 for sustaining and $60 for contributing
members. The membership committee of SELA recommended
raising additional Section/Round Table selections from $2 to $4
each. The theme for the SELA Biennial Conference in Nashville
is oSouthern Harmony: Libraries in Tune with the Future.�

Before reports from committee chairs, Secretary of Cultural
Resources Patric Dorsey brought greetings from the State
Library. Funding for the Library for the Blind and Physically
Handicapped continues to be a concern although she was
assured that additional money would be available.

It was reported that State Librarian Howard McGinn
received the Exceptional Achievement Award from the Associa-
tion of Specialized and Cooperative Library Agencies. The award
recognized his leadership in the development of state libraries.

Reporting for the College and University Section was Susan
Squires who said that the spring workshop, oTerm Papers to
Terminals: Solutions to Problems in BI,� had approximately 100
participants. Small group sessions included Hypercard and CD-
ROM, burnout, and graphics. Personnel from the Center for
Creative Leadership in Greensboro will present leadership
issues at next yearTs program. Jesse Carney Smith from Fisk
University will present the program in Charlotte.

The recently organized Advisory Committee on Automation
and Networking, chaired by Marti Smith of Saint Mary's, hosted
a meeting for representatives of all the independents at Guilford
College on June 20. They were encouraged to continue efforts to
foster communication and cooperation with public institutions
of higher education and with the State Library. Leland Park,
Davidson College, will host the first meeting of the Library
DirectorsT group. The independents will meet the morning of
October 12 at the Tower Club.

R. Frank Sinclair reported that the Community and Junior
College Section has only 65 individual members, making it one of
the smallest sections. The section mailed a letter encouraging
personnel who should be members to join and reminding
current members to renew. The section is sponsoring a joint
program with the College and University Section. Jesse Carney
Smith, Academic Librarian of 1988, will speak. The Nominating
Committee presented a slate of officers for the next biennium:�
Chair, Susan Janney; Chair-Elect, Alice Wilkins; Secretary, Sheila
Core; and Directors, Betty Williamson and David Stewart.

The May 5 workshop sponsored by the Documents Section
was informative and successful according to Lauren Williams,
Chair. A membership vote for adoption of the revision of the
SectionTs Bylaws will be taken during the sectionTs business
meeting. Donna Seymour, Ridley Kessler, Carol Lewis, and pairs
of depository librarians and school library media specialists will
present oDocuments in the Schools� on October 13. The North
Carolina Depository System Board recommended to the State
Librarian that three more libraries be designated as deposi-
tories. Senate Bill 62, oState Publications Policy,� has gone to
conference committee.

The Junior Members Round Table continues to work on
their conference program. There will be a pub crawl, and T-
shirts will be made available according to Melanie Collins.

The Round Table on Ethnic Minority Concerns (REMCo)
gave information on the oRoadbuilders� award(s) which will
recognize an ethnic minority librarian who has served as a
pioneer in librarianship and as a positive role model for ethnic
minority librarians.

The repeated workshop, oImproving Staff Communica-
tions,� offered by the North Carolina Library Paraprofessional
Association, was successful.

The Round Table on Special CollectionsT conference agenda
includes a slate of officers for the membership to consider, a
slide/lecture program by Don Etherington on oSome Answers to
Library Preservation Problems,� and strategies for recruiting
new members.

The North Carolina Association of School Librarians elected
officers for the 1989-91 biennium: Nona Pryor, Vice-chair/Chair-
elect; Susan Cannady, Secretary; and Libby Pitts, Treasurer.
Carol Southerland noted that corrections and additions were
made to Bylaws, Dr. Ben Carson, Superintendent of Statesville
City Schools, is the School Administrator of the Year, and Battle
of the Books is a fall project for grades 6-8.

The Public Library TrusteesT Conference on May 18 and 19
featured Robert H. McNulty from Partners for Livable Places, The
Honorable Major Owens, Congressman from New York, Dr.
Bernard Vavrek, Center for the Study of Rural Librarianship at

NCLA Minutes

Clarion State University, and Gloria T. Glaser, Past President of
the American Library Trustee Association. Irene Hairston
reminded the board that the Trustee Section is co-sponsoring
the preconference program, oMeeting the Censor: A Skills
Development Workshop,� with the Intellectual Freedom Com-
mittee. Information on the luncheon and other conference
events will be mailed.

The Public Library Section helped sponsor the May 4
General Assembly Legislative Day. The Audiovisual Committee
has nearly completed the AV Directory and Resource Guide.
Workshops included the Bookmobile Conference, AV Equipment
and Repair, and Literacy. The Section endorsed formation of an
NCLA Literacy Committee which will have a representative to
the Public Library Section.

Barbara Anderson, reporting for the Reference and Adult
Services, talked about the upcoming program, oLife in the Fast
Lane: The Human Dynamics of Reference Service,� featuring
Kaye Gapen and Will Manley. Work on the RASS electronic
bulletin board is progressing well, and the State Library agreed,
via Charles Montouri, to provide training. Libraries participating
in the NCIN Network will have access to the electronic
newsletter.

Harry Tuchmayer noted that Resources and Technical
Services will issue three awards"a first conference attendee, a
merit award to recognize a person who has contributed
significantly to resources and technical services in North
Carolina, and the Doralyn J. Hickey Award for a significant
article in NCL on a subject related to resources and technical
services. The section will sponsor cataloging workshops on
October 11 and a program meeting on October 12.

According to Patrice Ebert, chair of the Round Table on the
Status of Women in Librarianship, the board met in Asheville
and discussed plans for the upcoming biennial meeting. They
will sell pink MSMANAGEMENT notepads instead of T-shirts.
Two more issues of MSMANAGEMENT will be published this
biennium.

Nancy Ray asked for identification of leaders in personnel
training and management, organizational structure, financial
administration, facilities, equipment, and public relations for
the Library Administration and Management Section. The Bylaws
will be presented, and officers will be elected during the business
meeting following Dr. Jerry Campbell, the keynote speaker.

The Constitution, Codes, and Handbook Revision Com-
mittee continues to work on information to be distributed to the
incoming board. Doris Anne Bradley emphasized the need for
consistency in Bylaws and urged chairs to check with the
committee when proposing changes. She reminded members of
the importance of sending a copy, after voting, for inclusion in
the Handbook.

Rebecca Taylor, Chair of the Finance Committee, gave
details about Grant Funds. She confirmed that the total amount
of Section Grants would not automatically transfer into the
Section/Committee account. Check request procedures were
emphasized, and Taylor encouraged outgoing chairs to send a
budget summary and a program evaluation to her by November
13, Expenses, with supporting receipts, should be sent toNancy
Fogarty within 30 days of the date of the program.

The Government Relations Committee held a breakfast in
May and has several things in the hopper.

The Honorary and Life Membership Committee recom-
mended 10 new life members and two honorary members. The
report was accepted as presented by Chair Waltrene M. Canada
after a motion was made by Barbara Baker and seconded by Ray
Frankle.

Reporting for the Literacy Committee was Ruth Hoyle who
said that no definite plans had been made to present a program
in Charlotte because all energy had been directed toward the
June 8-9 conference attended by approximately 50 members.
Evaluations indicated a successful conference aimed at allevia-

Winter 1989"271

NCLA Minutes

ting adult illiteracy although no new solutions were found. The
committee felt that future conferences should be planned with
the Literacy Association as one conference instead of two
separate conferences. The committee is pursuing the feasibility
of a library person in the NC Literacy Association Office, looking at
state funding of literacy, and seeking space in NCL for related
issues.

Art Weeks said that the Marketing and Public Relations
Committee met in June and discussed marketing the librarian
as a professional information specialist in order to instill a high
level of confidence in the information the librarian provides, to
have potential library users think of the library as the first stop
for information, and to distinguish between the librarian and
the library support staff. At the Dallas meeting, the committee
learned that a report is due in October from SLA. The committee
will develop a marketing strategy based on the findings of SLA.
In appointing a new committee for the next biennium, the pres-
ent committee requests that a marketing/public relations spe-
cialist be considered.

Membership Committee chair Ray Frankle thanked new
section chairs for statements they provided for the new
brochure which will be ready for the conference.

In the absence of the Nominating Committee Chair Leland
Park, President Hansel gave election results: Vice-President/
President-Elect, Janet L. Freeman; Treasurer, Michael J.
LaCroix; Secretary, Amanda Bible; Directors, Sylvia Y. Sprinkle-
Hamlin and H. David Harrington; and ALA Councilor, Patricia A.
Langelier.

The Publications Committee has not met, but the two-tiered
NCL board refinement will be ready soon.

The Recruitment Committee will sponsor a workshop on
strategies for recruitment and retention of minorities at the
NCLA conference and hopes to publish a paper.

President Hansel distributed the list of the 1989 scholarship
winners. The Memorial Scholarships went to Jennifer Luxton
and Mary Mishler, the Query-Long Scholarship for Work with
Children or Young Adults went to Diane Midness, and Gloria
McBride was the recipient of the McLendon Loan.

A sample entry for a special collection was shown by the
Technology and Trends Committee. The data base is about
ready, and a demonstration data base will be near the
conference registration site. There will be a stand-alone video
teleconference on technology for the 90s at UNCC in January.

John Welch, Assistant State Librarian, reported on changes
in the LSCA fundings, that Dorothy Kittel is being replaced by
Trish Skaptason as administrative librarian in the Department
of Education, that the Chief of the Library Development Section
position has been posted, and that he and Patric Dorsey will be
going to Portland, Oregon, for a planning meeting for the next
White House Conference. Also, the State Library Dynix system
will be operational soon.

Friends of the Library met jointly with the Trustees in May.
Bob Mowery is the president.

It was moved by Barbara Baker and seconded by Sylvia
Sprinkle-Hamlin to provide up to $20,000 for the establishment
of NCLATs permanent office at the State Library. The motion
carried.

President Hansel praised committee/section chairs who
had already submitted biennial reports.

The Distinguished Service Award had 10 nominations
according to committee chair Nancy Brenner. It was agreed that
the name of the recipient would remain a secret until the
conference.

A motion to give the filing cabinet used by Treasurer
Fogarty for financial records to UNC-Greensboro was passed.

Before adjourning, President Hansel announced the
October 10 meeting prior to Conference.

Gloria Miller, Secretary

272"Winter 1989

CONSTITUTION
of the
NORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION

(Revised October 30, 1987)
(Amended October 13, 1989)

ARTICLE I. NAME

This organization shall be called the North Carolina Library
Association.

ARTICLE II. | PURPOSE

The purpose of the North Carolina Library Association shall
be to promote libraries, library and information services, and
librarianship; and to champion intellectual freedom and literacy
programs.

ARTICLE III. GOALS

The Association shall pursue the following goals:

1. To provide a forum for discussing library-related issues;

2. To promote research and publication related to library
and information science;

3. To provide opportunities for the professional growth of
library personnel;

4. Tosupport both formal and informal networks of libraries
and librarians;

5. To identify and help resolve special concerns of minorities
and women in the profession.

ARTICLE IV. MEMBERSHIP

1. Membership in the North Carolina Library Association
shall consist of five classes: individual membership, insti-
tutional membership, contributing membership, honorary
membership, and life membership. Only individual and
life members shall have voting privileges.

2. Individual. Any person who is or has been officially con-
nected with any library in a professional, nonprofessional,
or clerical capacity, or any member of a library's govern-
ing or advisory body, or any student in a school of library
science, may upon payment of dues, be entitled to indi-
vidual membership as stated by the Bylaws and will have
the right to vote.

3. Institutional. Any institution may become an institutional
member upon payment of dues.

4. Contributing. Any individual, firm or organization may,
upon payment of dues, be entitled to contributing mem-
bership as stated in the Bylaws.

5. Honorary. The Honorary and Life Membership Committee
may recommend to the Executive Board for honorary,
non-voting membership non-librarians who have made
unusual contributions to library services. Such nominees
may be elected by the Executive Board.

6. Life. The Membership Committee may recommend to the
Executive Board for life membership, with voting privi-
leges, persons who are no longer actively engaged in
library work. Such nominees may be elected by the Execu-
tive Board.

ARTICLE V. OFFICERS

The officers of the Association shall consist of a President; a
Vice-President, who shall be the President-elect; a Secretary; a
Treasurer; and two Directors-at-large.