[This text is machine generated and may contain errors.]
~ The library profession, so
concerned with amassing
and organizing the records of
other disciplines, has offen
shown a curious indifference
to its own records.
President
LELAND M. PARK
Davidson College Library
Davidson, NC 28036
(704) 892-2000 Ext. 331
First Vice-President /
President-Elect
PAULINE F. MYRICK
Moore County Schools
Box 307
Carthage, NC 28327
(919) 947-2976
Second Vice-President
M. JANE WILLIAMS
Division of State Library
109 East Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27611
(919) 733-2570
Secretary
ROBERTA S. WILLIAMS
Transylvania County Library
105 South Broad Street
Brevard, NC 28712
(704) 884-3151
Treasurer
EUNICE P. DRUM
Box 40034
Raleigh, NC 27604
(919) 733-4488
Director
SHIRLEY B. MCLAUGHLIN
Asheville-Buncombe Technical
College
340 Victoria Road
Asheville, NC 28801
(704) 254-1921 Ext. 300
Director
JERRY A. THRASHER
Cumberland County Public
Library
Box 1720
Fayetteville, NC 28302
(919) 483-1580
Past President
MERTYS W. BELL
5608 Scotland Road
Greensboro, NC 27407
ALA Representative
EMILY BOYCE "
Department of Library Science
East Carolina University
Greenville, NC 27834
(919) 757-6621
NCLA EXECUTIVE BOARD
ay
1983-85
SELA Representative Editor, North Carolina
REBECCA S. BALLENTINE Libraries
Institute of Government ROBERT BURGIN
UNC-Chapel Hill School of Library Science
Chapel Hill, NC 27514 North Carolina Central
(919) 966-4130 University
Durham, NC 27707
(919) 683-6485
SECTION/ROUND TABLE CHAIRS
ChildrenTs Services. Public Library
KAREN M. PERRY JUDITH K. SUTTON
Archdale-Trinity Middle School Public Library of Charlotte
Box 232 and Mecklenburg County
Trinity, NC 27370 310 North Tryon Street
(919) 431-6714 Charlotte, NC 28202
College and University (704) coataiey
ROBERT N. BLAND T Reference and Adult Services
- Ramsey Library LARRY BARR
UNC-Asheville, NC 28814 Department of Library and
(704) 258-6543 Media Studies
Appalachian State University
Community and Junior Boone, NC 28608
College Libraries (704) 262-2243
MARY AVERY Resources and Technical Services
Learning Resources Center BENJAMIN F. SPELLER, JR.
Rowan Technical College School of Library Science
Box 1595 North Carolina Central University
Salisbury, NC 28144 Durham, NC 27707
(704) 637-0760 (919) 683-6485
Documents Round Table for Ethnic Minority
: Concerns
STUART BASEFSKY j
Duke University Library MARY P. WILLIAMS
Durham, NC 27606 Fe a ies ck
919) 684-237 In niversity
ee wa Greenville, NC 27834
Junior Members Round table (919) 757-6691
VIVIAN W. BEECH Round Table on the Sta
: tus of
New Hanover Count Public Women in Librarianship
peat | PATSY J. HANSEL
201 Chestnut Street Cumberland County Public.
Wilmington, NC 28403
Lib:
(919) 763-3303 Bex 1720
N.C. Association of School Fayetteville, NC 28302
Tiranane (919) 483-8600
JUDIE DAVIE Trustees
Department of Library Science/_. DOROTHY R. BURNLEY
Educational Technology 508 Reine Street
UNC-Greensboro High Point, NC 27260
Greensboro, NC 27412 (919) 733-4838
(919) 379-5100 Ext. 63
4
port CaIOINA
COIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ISSN 0029-2540
Articles
70 Foreword, Edward G. Holley
72 A Firm Persuasion: The Career of Mary Peacock Douglas,
Bud L. Gambee
87 The American Imprints Inventory in North Carolina,
Maurice C. York
98 oNorth Carolina Archival Program"A Tradition of
Excellence,� Edited by Morgan J. Barclay
108 Libraries, Books, and Culture, Ralph Lee Scott
Features
66 Letters
68 From the President, Leland M. Park
110 New North Carolina Books
116 NCLA Conference
119 NCLA Minutes
Cover: Edward G. Holley, oForword,� North Carolina Libraries Advertisers: American Library Association, p. 107; Baker & Tay-
43 (Summer 1985): 70-71.This issue on library history attempts lor, p. 67; Blackwell North America, p. 125; ChildrenTs Services
to correct the professionTs indifference to its own past. Section, NCLA, p. 86; East Woods Press, p. 128; Ebsco, p. 71;
Freedom to Read Foundation, p. 71; McGregor, p. 107; National
Geographic, p. 126; Phiebig, p. 97; Ruzicka, p. 69; University
Volume 43, Number 2 Summer 1985 Microfilms, pp. 66, 71.
Letters
To the Editor:
You and your two contributing editors are to
be commended for assembling such a variety of
useful observations on the theme of collection
development in the Spring 1985 issue.
I found Harry TuchmayerTs lead article of
particular interest but wish that he had confined
his observations to public libraries, with which he
is obviously more familiar than academic librar-
ies.
On the one hand, Mr. Tuchmayer rightly
rejects the notion that othe quantity of titles is
more important than the appropriateness of the
volumes� in any library. Yet, on the other, he sup-
ports the acquisition of multiple copies of some
books in a college library. My experience both as a
reference librarian and library administrator in
several academic libraries, leads to the conclusion
that there is a positive correlation between a
weak book collection and the number of duplicate
copies in that collection. Generally speaking, the
more duplicate copies, the weaker the collection.
Stated another way, you donTt build a strong col-
lection by buying multiple copies of books. For
this reason most academic libraries have a policy
requiring written justification from any faculty
member who requests more than one copy of any
book. Not surprisingly, such justification is seldom
provided.
I am in complete agreement with Mr. Tuch-
mayerTs position that faculty selection of books
for an academic library is far from the most
desirable method of collection development. In
most instances, trained librarians, using such
selection tools as Choice and Library Journal,
can do a much more effective job of collection
development than faculty members, most of
whom approach their task from a narrow per-
spective. With this kind of perspective, it is impos-
sible to achieve a balanced collection, the pro-
fessed goal of all librarians.
Alva Stewart
Reference Librarian
F.D. Bluford Library
North Carolina A & T
Harry Tuchmayer replies:
Mr. Stewart and I obviously agree on the need
to make all library collections responsive to the
clientele they serve. In addition, we concur that
oquality collections� are in fact established by the
appropriateness of the volumes held. Our differ-
ence seems to revolve around the issue of how
best to obtain the appropriate volumes in an aca-
demic library.
I maintain that in most college and university
libraries the basic mission is to serve the under-
graduate. Consequently, what makes good collec-
tions is the constant availability of the best titles
in a particular field. The surest way to guarantee
this is not to think that all scholarly works on a
topic are equal but to recognize that standard
interpretations exist in all fields and that these
titles become the yardsticks by which scholars
measure the worthiness of new interpretations. It
is these known standard titles that should be
purchased in multiple copies to insure to all
undergraduates the availability of quality mate-
rial in preparing papers.
The real need of owning the more obscure
and esoteric titles rests with major research insti-
tutions supporting Ph.D. programs. The argu-
ments found in these and many other sound titles
are often found in the numerous scholarly jour-
nals that accompany most academic disciplines.
The historiographical needs of the undergraduate
and masters level student can therefore be satis-
fied by the serials holdings of most institutions.
With this in mind, I fail to see the ocorrelation
between a weak book collection and the number
of duplicate copies in that collection.�
This publication
is available
in microform
from University
Microfilms
International.
Call toll-free 800-521-3044. In Michigan,
Alaska and Hawaii call collect 313-761-4700. Or
mail inquiry to: University Microfilms International,
300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106.
66"North Carolina Libraries
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1985 Summer"67
From the President
North Carolina Libraries. Robert Burgin
assumed the editorship of NCL with the Fall 1983
issue. Over three hundred pages have been pub-
lished, and NCL remains one of the top journals in
the field in the country. In addition to editing the
journal, Robert has become a faculty member at
North Carolina Central Universitys School of
Library Science and also a doctoral student at the
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. With
these new demands on his time, he felt it was
necessary to relinquish the editorship, and with
reluctance but with appreciation for his superior
work, the president and the board have accepted
his resignation. This is his last issue. Having had a
bit of editorship experience, I know what work it
can be. Having worked with Robert Burgin, I know
how much he put into seeing that NCL continued
to be an outstanding journal for which NCLA can
be proud. He is a real pro in every sense of the
word, and he will be missed. Our sincere thanks
for an outstanding job and best wishes in his new
ventures.
The new editor will be Patsy Hansel, associate
director of the Cumberland County Public Library
and associate editor of NCL for the past two
years. The board approved the presidentTs appoint-
ment at the spring workshop, and we look for-
ward to her work in this post. She is active in
NCLA, a gifted writer, and a first class adminis-
trator. And, it should be noted, Patsy is the first
woman editor of NCL in at least twenty years.
Congratulations, Patsy, and welcome.
Raleigh and the Legislature. My car seems
to be on automatic pilot when I get on Interstate
85 heading to Raleigh, so often have I been there
in the last several months. One of the most pleas-
ant occasions was the reception honoring the
North Carolina legislators, which was jointly
sponsored by the NCLA Public Library Section,
the NCLA Trustees Section, the NC Public Library
DirectorsT Association, and the Friends of NC Pub-
lic Libraries. Over one-half of the members of the
NC legislature came to the beautiful reception
held on May 2nd in the State Library, across the
street from the Legislative Building. Secretary of
68"North Carolina Libraries
stand up for
libraries
NORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
Cultural Resources Patric Dorsey was there to
join with us in greeting the legislators and to
speak to the group. It was proof that librarians
are visible and working and lobbying effectively
for the betterment of library services in North
Carolina.
Another happy note is the introduction of
Senate Bill 157, sponsored by Senators Hardison,
et al., and House Bill 301, sponsored by Repre-
sentatives Watkins, et al. The bills have around
fifty co-sponsors. They support the appropriation
of the second three million dollar installment for
aid to public libraries. The prospects for this
increase look very good, but please make a note to
speak with your legislators in support of the bills.
North CarolinaTs public libraries are really coming
into their own ... and not a minute too soon. Our
congratulations to Nancy Bates, Louise Boone,
Judith Sutton, Nancy Massey, and their respective
groups who have worked so hard for this funding
project.
Lindsey Leaves. Marge Lindsey, special con-
sultant with the Division of the State Library for
many years, has announced her retirement from
the Division effective July Ist. This is a real loss for
libraries all over North Carolina, for there is none
finer than Marge Lindsey. She is constant in her
support of the library movement, she is thorough
in every endeavor she undertakes, and her inter-
est in each of us throughout this great state has
been sincere and far-reaching. If you know Marge
personally, you are lucky. If you donTt, you know
her work well, for she edited for many years Tar
Heel Libraries, which each NCLAer receives. To
her we send our most hearty thanks and every
best wish for the future.
Elections and Committees. In May you
should have received your ballot for election of
officers for the 1985-1987 biennium. They are due
back by the end of the month, and we are hopeful
that the results will be known in time to make the
deadline for this issue. In the same mailing was a
form from President-Elect Pauline Myrick asking
for member input regarding committee assign-
ments for the biennium. If you didnTt receive one,
drop her a note and express your willingness to
serve on a committee and in which committee you
are most interested.
Futures Committee. You will see in this
issue, as well as in Tar Heel Libraries, a call from
the chairman of the Futures Committee, Arabelle
Fedora, for members to write about any sugges-
tions for the improvement of NCLA as an organi-
zation. The committee has been working hard for
many months, assembling data from across the
country and within North Carolina. Their report
is scheduled to be given to the Executive Board
sometime in early 1986. The membership will be
notified of their recommendations, and plenty of
time will be given for reactions to the report prior
to its being presented to the membership for con-
sideration if, indeed, their report calls for any
constitutional changes. (Note: I told the commit-
tee not to tell me anything about what they are
considering, and they have kept that vow! I canTt
find out anything!)
Raleigh Conference. In this issue you will
find preliminary reports on the plans for the
October conference. It is an exciting one with
many surprises in store. The speakers are excel-
lent ones; the scheduling particularly good (some
of the changes from past years are at the request
of sections of NCLA and the exhibitors). The pres-
identTs dance will replace the presidentTs recep-
tion, this being held immediately after the
banquet; and everyone is invited, too. We are hop-
ing for a surprise drop-in guest!
Young Librarians Award. The Junior Mem-
bers Round Table, a section of NCLA, is offering
an award to a young librarian who is making out-
standing contributions to the library profession.
It will be awarded at the Raleigh conference.
Applications may be obtained from Vivian Beech,
assistant director, New Hanover County Public
Library, 201 Chestnut Street, Wilmington, NC
28401. The deadline is August 31, 1985. This is a
marvelous gesture on the part of JMRT to recog-
nize some of the outstanding new talent in the
library profession in our state.
Library Trivia. In the course of filling out the
myriad of forms and questionnaires which I get,
and thanks to super treasurer Eunice Drum and
the Secretary of StateTs office, the following was
found. The founding date of NCLA was May 1904,
and NCLA was incorporated on August 4, 1948.
Have a grand summer!
Leland M. Park, President.
jas Ruzic eS Inc.
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1985 Summer"69
Foreword
Edward G. Holley
When Maury York told me he planned to edit
an issue of North Carolina Libraries on archives,
manuscripts, and library history, I was delighted.
The library profession, so concerned with amass-
ing and organizing the records of other disci-
plines, has often shown a curious indifference to
its own records. I welcome MauryTs effort to cap-
ture the impressive stories of North Carolinians
who have made significant contributions to the
advancement of both library and archival work in
the state and the nation. One can only hope that
this North Carolina Libraries issue, along with
the recent interviews of Elaine Von Oesen and
Mattie Russell published in Ms Management
(NCLA Round Table on the Status of Women in
Librarianship), will encourage others to make
their own contributions to an understanding of
our professional past, not only in preserving the
historical record in manuscript and archival form
but also in sharing the results of their investiga-
tions into those sources with us.
Budd GambeeTs study of the publications of
Mary Peacock Douglas reminds us once again of
giants the North Carolina library profession can
claim. His essay represents that thoroughness to
which we have become accustomed from his pen.
He has distilled from her writings a picture of one
of the vital persons in school librarianship. Mrs.
Douglas moved from the state to the national
scene in tune with the times. From the technical
to the philosophical her mind continued to
develop over a period of four decades. She
unashamedly combined a commitment to profes-
sional standards with a personal touch. Her con-
tributions led her from the High School Journal, a
state-based effort, to other journals in the field of
professional education, to major library journals
and nationally recognized books in her field. Yet
she left all too few personal records. We can be
grateful for what has been preserved and lament
that there is not more. A warning to other librar-
ians: donTt go and do likewise.
YorkTs own essay tells a little-known story of
the American Imprints Inventory in North Caro-
Edward G. Holley is x Professor and former Dean of the
School of Library Science at the University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill.
70"North Carolina Libraries
lina as a part of the stateTs distinguished record in
preserving its past. One reads with amazement
the significance of North Carolinians in archival
progress in the United States: R.D.W. Connor,
Charles C. Crittenden, Dan Lacy. As Morgan Bar-
clay notes at the beginning of his paper on H.G.
Jones, oDuring the first seventy years of this cen-
tury, North Carolinians dominated national archi-
val leadership.� He does not overstate the case.
Barclays interview with Jones reminds us
that the earlier leadership has not diminished.
H.G. Jones emerges not only as a distinguished
scholar, but also as a shrewd politician. The major
archivists and manuscript curators, like the
major librarians, knew their people and were not
reluctant to use the political process to achieve
their ends. Both the Gambee and York essays
show how that process worked in different
spheres: Mary Peacock Douglas in preaching the
gospel of school librarianship, and the American
Imprints Inventory by taking advantage of New
Deal programs that employed jobless historians
to make the countryTs bibliographical record more
complete. The North Carolina record in archives
was more impressive than the same record in bib-
liographical control, but both were significant.
Most of all, these essays reveal that we need
to do more oral history interviews. Gambee made
use of some interviews. York had access to a tre-
mendous amount of microfilm records and also
used personal correspondence. The Barclay inter-
view with H.G. Jones is an example of the kind of
oral history we need. Historians rejoice especially
in interviews, like that of H.G. Jones, which
express frank and uninhibited views. They are
rarer than we would like, and our understanding
is the worse for their rarity.
As I learned when one of my students inter-
viewed Mollie Huston Lee, we must make greater
efforts before earlier leaders pass from the scene.
Doris C. Dale, in conjunction with the ALA Library
History Round Table, will soon publish A Direc-
tory of Oral History Tapes of Libraries in the
United States and Canada. As often occurs with
the publication of such a directory, we can expect
additional oral history records to be subsequently
reported.
So I commend this effort of Maury York and
the editor of North Carolina Libraries. If we wish
our interpretation of our past to be better, we
must preserve more personal and institutional
records than we have achieved thus far. These
authors have shown us the way. Let us build on
their work.
This
publication
is available in
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from University
Microfilms
International.
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1985 Summer"71
A Firm Persuasion:
The Career of Mary Peacock Douglas
Budd L. Gambee
Mary Teresa Peacock was born in Salisbury,
North Carolina, on February 8, 1903, the daughter
of Philip Nathaniel and Mary Elizabeth (Trotter)
Douglas.! Mr. Peacock, together with his brother,
ran a wholesale grocery business. The family was
prosperous, lived in a fine brick house on South
Fulton Street in what is now the ohistoric district�
of Salisbury, and was prominent in the First
Methodist Church. Mary was the oldest of four
children, two girls and two boys.� In 1961 she
reminisced about her early home life, giving her
parents credit for her enthusiasm for books, call-
ing it oa love learned at home.� Her mother had
read aloud to her four children every night, and
oher father ... not only read books, he bought
them. Our library at home was actually better
than the school library when I went to school.T �
In 1923 she received her A.B. in English from
the WomanTs College of the University of North
Carolina at Greensboro and returned to Salisbury
to teach English until 1925 in the Wiley Elemen-
tary School and until 1926 in the Boyden High
School. During this period she took a six-week
summer course in library science at Greensboro,
which undoubtedly was a factor in her appoint-
ment as the librarian at Boyden from 1927 to
1930. Azile Woffard states that she was oone of a
sizable [sic] group who had entered school library
work on a wave of activity resulting in standards
for high school libraries of the Southern Associa-
tion (1927).�4
Mary Teresa Peacock embraced her new pro-
fession eagerly and at the end of her first year of
librarianship felt she was ready to publish and
promptly did so. The issue of April 1928, of the
High School Journal, published for the School of
Education of the University of North Carolina by
the prestigious University of North Carolina Press,
carried what surely must be her first published
article, oCirculation in School Libraries.�® This
appeared in a special issue with sixteen articles
mostly by school librarians but headed by com-
mentary by Louis Round Wilson, librarian of the
University of North Carolina, and by J. Henry
Budd L. Gambee is Professor Emeritus at the School of
Library Science of the University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill.
72"North Carolina Libraries
Highsmith, state inspector of high schools. The
latter was soon to become her immediate supe-
rior in the State Department of Public Instruc-
tion.
This article establishes a pattern which char-
acterizes much of her extensive published writ-
ings. It describes a library operation concisely and
largely without comment, much like an opera-
tional manual. A curious circulation device, which
a more experienced person might have ques-
tioned, was the filing of bookcards under date due
by accession number, though the possibility of
another arrangement is admitted. Stress is on
student cooperation, as when overdues are
posted in the hall so students will remind one
another of delinquencies. She feels that the
assistance of students has made the circulation
work in the school both interesting and enjoy-
able.6 From the first she was a believer in the user
of superior students under careful supervision as ~
assistants in the school library and noted that
othe assignment to library duty has been consid-
ered an honor and a pleasure.�
The young librarian followed up with a
second article in the High School Journal for Feb-
ruary 1930 entitled oA Plan for TeachersT Meet-
ings.�8 This article describes a faculty meeting on
the use of supplementary materials in oenriched
teaching.� The librarian presided, and representa-
tives from the science, language, English, and civ-
ics departments demonstrated projects using a
variety of materials, most of which either came
from the library or included background informa-
tion contributed by the library. The point brought
out is that the library under an alert librarian is
able to be a key source for a variety of teaching
methods to the great improvement of learning.
These programs were to continue, and the reader
feels convinced that the librarian will be a major
contributor to their success.
Beginning in 1928 and continuing until she
received her B.S. in L.S. in 1931, Miss Peacock
pursued studies in library science at the School of
Library Service at Columbia University in New
York City. Although rarely, if ever, referred to in
her writings, this experience must account in
large part for her thorough professional attitude
toward her work, toward librarianship in general,
and her lifelong preoccupation with high profes-
sional standards. The clear explanatory nature of
her writings, with their many lists, and her own
years of summer school teaching reflect a peda-
gogical approach to her work.
School Library Adviser
The fact that she was writing in a North Caro-
lina educational journal and pursuing a special-
ized advanced degree from so prestigious a school
undoubtedly attracted the attention of those
seeking to fill the position in the State Depart-
ment of Public Instruction of oSchool Library
Adviser,� newly created with funds from the
General Education Board of the Rockefeller
Foundation. She was the first school librarian in
the department, and her duties were to encour-
age, promote and oversee school libraries in
North Carolina. She took office on July 1, 1930, at
the age of twenty-seven.
It was a very responsible job for a young
woman with such limited experience and a yet-
to-be-completed degree in Library Science. Nor
was there any guidance in the capital at Raleigh,
as it was not only a new position, but a new idea
for North Carolina, and there were no precedents
to follow. Also her position was one of only a few
similar ones established nationally by the founda-
tion, and the eyes of the school library world were
upon these new state supervisors to see how they
would perform. She was to fill her position with
signal success for seventeen years, put North
Carolina school libraries on the map despite eco-
nomic depression and war, and make of herself
one of the best known American school library
leaders.
To spread her message to the school libraries
of the state, she turned to the High School Jour-
nal. In the issue for October 1930, signing herself
proudly as oState Director of School Libraries,�
she published an article entitled, oEffective School
Library Service.�® She sketches the absolute min-
imum standards for a school library. She recom-
mends either a trained school librarian or a
part-time teacher-librarian with six weeks of
summer school classes in library science. This
person must then create an accessions list, class-
ify the books, prepare a card catalog and shelflist,
and design a loan system. But she points out that
mechanics are not enough, and it is the librarian
working with administration, faculty, and pupils
in truly professional ways who makes the library a
genuine teaching tool.
In the November issue she announced that
there would be a regular series of articles, each
explaining an essential activity of the school
library, particularly for those teacher-librarians
who had little if any training and were faced with
organizing or maintaining a school library. The
first article, on accessioning, appeared in Novem-
ber 1930, classification in January 1931, catalog-
ing in February, the information file in March, an
evaluative test of a library in April, and selection
in May.!° She had obeen there,� she knew exactly
what was needed, and she provided it.
The year 1931 was obviously a busy one for
the young director. For, in addition to preparing
these monthly articles and establishing her posi-
tion in the hierarchy of the Department of Public
Instruction, she received her Bachelor's degree in
Library Science from Columbia, presumably in
June, and on August 25, she married Clarence
DeWitt Douglas, comptroller of the North Caro-
lina State Board of Education. And the articles in
High School Journal continued, promoted to a
full-fledged ocolumn� under which she wrote on
the ideal book collection in January 1982, library
organization in February, and teaching library use
in April.) After this issue oThe Library Column�
ceased, probably because Mrs. Douglas was reach-
Mary Teresa Peacock Douglas. In ALA Bulletin 37 (April
1943): 127. (From copy in the North Carolina Collection, UNC
Library, Chapel Hill.)
1985 Summer"73
ing schools of the state more efficiently through
releases from her office and by constant travel.
By these articles she had established the organi-
zation and much of the content of her book, North
Carolina School Library Handbook, which was to
come out first in 1937 and in turn develop into
her Teacher-LibrarianTs Handbook, published by
the American Library Association in 1941 and
1949.
Mrs. Douglas was also much involved with a
oNorth Carolina Radio School,� as is indicated by
extensive material in the North Carolina State
Archives. Programs, lists, scripts, and correspon-
dence indicate that from 1931 to 1934 she was
participating in educational radio programs,
mostly on the subject of English literature. In
1932 and 1933 she gave radio talks on Longfellow,
Burns, Tennyson, Wordsworth, Browning, and
oPatriotism.� The script for her talk on oEngland
and Wales� is in the file. Her work here is as an
English teacher rather than as a librarian, though
there is evidence that her office probably supplied
bibliographies and other information to the
oRadio School� as a whole.�
On at least two occasions in later life Mary
Peacock Douglas published her impressions of her
seventeen years as state school library adviser
and how she had carried out her duties. These
accounts provide an excellent summary of this
part of her career in the most extraordinary, even
at times amusing, quantity of detail concerning
her multitudinous activities. The lesser of these
two accounts was presented as a speech at the
first Allerton Park Institute in October 1954,
seven years after her retirement from the state
supervisory position.!? In this she stresses the
importance of the individual occupying this posi-
tion, followed by an intimidating list of qualities
needed, including physical and emotional stam-
ina, humor, enthusiasm, alertness, courage, tact,
vision, knowledge, understanding, and the ability
to rise above the personal. It could well be a
sketch for a self-portrait.
Mrs. DouglasTs passion for statistics enabled
her to give an elaborately subdivided list of her
activities in the decade from 1930 to 1940, here
drastically simplified: 1,311 school visits in one
hundred counties; 655 meetings attended; 250
items published; 243 speeches given; and, for good
measure, 4,261 pieces of mail received in the
school year of 1940 alone. Obviously stamina was
necessary.'4
Mrs. Douglas stressed the importance of trained librarians: Trained library teachers assist pupils to satisfy intellectual curios-
ity.� (Photograph in Biennial Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction of North Carolina, 1938-39 and 1939-40, 103. From
copy in the North Carolina Collection, UNC Library, Chapel Hill.)
74"North Carolina Libraries
oHelpmate� to School Librarians
A second and more interesting account was
published in Library Journal in September 1947
and constitutes a swan song for this phase of her
career.!® By this time the editor was able to write,
oIt is patently superfluous to provide a contribu-
torTs note for Mary Peacock Douglas, whose influ-
ence for improvement of school libraries has been
as great at the national level as throughout her
own state where her interest has extended to the
tiniest school during the past seventeen years.�
In the article she clearly indicates her marriage to
her work by choosing the word ohelpmate� to de-
scribe the state supervisor of school libraries; a
helpmate to oschool librarians, near-school librar-
ians, and would-be school librarians,� as well as
administrators, teachers, pupils and parents. She
divided the work of this helpmate into three cate-
gories: interpreting, improving, and extending
school library services. To do all this the helpmate
must have such qualities as odeep conviction,�
opositive philosophy,� and a oknack for getting the
idea over to the other fellow.�"*
She describes interpreting library service as
publicity, promotion, and public relations carried
on by informal conversations with relevant civic
leaders oon the spot,� formal and informal talks to
a variety of groups, articles prepared for publica-
tion in journals and bulletins issued by headquar-
ters, correspondence, and statistics. On the latter
score she announces with pride that in seventeen
years she has traveled over two hundred thou-
sand miles on practically every major highway in
Mrs. Douglas teaching at Central Washington College, Ellensburg, Washington,
the state to visit repeatedly all of the one hundred
counties.
She lists the methods by which the office of
the state supervisor oimproves library services�
under the following headings: the selection, main-
tenance, and organization of suitable book and
audiovisual collections; the planning of library
quarters, furnishings, and equipment, personnel
placement services and work toward the improve-
ment of library education programs for school
librarians; improving financial support from state
and local sources, and aid in preparing suitable
budgets; assistance in library use instruction; the
interpretation of state, regional, and national
standards to local school situations.
Finally on oextending school library services,�
she points out that prior to 1930 in North Caro-
lina there had been virtually no elementary school
libraries and high school libraries in only the
larger cities. Statistics always at hand, she states
that from 1935 to 1945 there were increases of 60
per cent in high school libraries, 100 per cent in
elementary libraries, 174 per cent in school librar-
ians with twenty-four or more hours of library
science, and 1,066 per cent in annual state aid to
school libraries. Mrs. Douglas almost never men-
tioned the negative. The fact that the years of her
service had coincided with an era of depression
and war and that North CarolinaTs support of
schools may not have compared favorably with
other states, is never cited. The fact is, great
improvement was made, and she believes that the
office of the state supervisor played a large part in
1951. (Photograph from the collection of Douglas
memorabilia in the library of the Mary P. Douglas Elementary School, Raleigh.)
1985 Summer"75
those improvements. She says, oEven a superficial
consideration of statistical data will show the
marked and rapid growth in the states with
supervisors and with few exceptions the more
limited development in many of the others.�!
The article discussed above was based on
notes Mrs. Douglas made for a talk before the
Second Annual Eastern Pennsylvania School
Library Conference in March of 1947. This must
have been a very emotional time for her as it was
the eve of her resignation from her long-held posi-
tion of State School Library Adviser, effective
June 30 of that same year, for the less demanding,
but also less prestigious position of supervisor of
school libraries for the city of Raleigh. And there-
fore, if she seems a bit carried away in her con-
cluding statement, perhaps it should be read with
this background in mind. The state supervisor-
ship was her life, and she was leaving it. She had
served it unstintingly; indeed exhaustion was a
factor in her change of position. But, on the other
hand, the position itself had given her a promi-
=
Mrs. Douglas also influenced the biennial reports of the Department of Public Instruction. She thought that othe library meets
nent pulpit which she had filled so competently as
to gain fame in the world of school librarianship.
To Mrs. Douglas, as to many library leaders before
her, librarianship was only incidentally a job and
a salary check; it was a mission, and the overtones
of evangelical Protestantism are never far from
the surface of their conduct and their writings.
Surely no minister at the First Methodist Church
in Salisbury could have ended his sermon more
effectively than did Mrs. Douglas in her talk to the
school librarians of eastern Pennsylvania. On the
other hand, a powerful ego is probably a necessity
for highly successful public figures no matter how
carefully sublimated, and in moments of stress it
may fleetingly appear. All of these factors lend
resonance to her concluding words.
The State School Library Supervisor sees a dis-
tant vision of an ideal, sees a narrow pathway
leading toward it, sets her feet upon the path-
way, and slowly moves toward the summit,
broadening the path with toiling hands as weary
feet take each new step that the pathway may
es, 8
informational needs in all subjects of the curriculum and helps develop varied recreational interests.� (Photograph in Biennial
Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction of North Carolina, 1938-39 and 1939-40, 103. From copy in the North Carolina
Collection, UNC Library, Chapel Hill.)
76"North Carolina Libraries
become a roadway for those many co-workers
who follow the trail that is blazed.�°
Publications
One facet of Mrs. DouglasTs professionalism
took the form of extensive writing. Her purpose
was overwhelmingly educational, she did not
debate, and she rarely philosophized. While she
surely realized that the published librarian is the
remembered librarian, there is little evidence that
she wrote for this purpose, though at times she
put her considerable role in school library mat-
ters very clearly on record. In 1954 she said that
between 1930 and 1940 alone she had prepared
eighty-six articles for publication.�!
A much more modest list of fifty-seven arti-
cles ranging from 1928 to 1962 was uncovered for
this paper and all but three were located, read,
and annotated. Almost two-thirds of the articles
were written during her tenure in the state posi-
tion. The ones located appeared in fifteen library
periodicals and ten educational periodicals. This
doubtless reflected her feeling that the impor-
tance of school libraries must be impressed upon
school administrators and teachers as well as
librarians. Her writings came out most frequently
in Library Journal (including School Library
Journal) because of its emphasis on school librar-
ies, but she published at least once in another
standard library periodical and in several state
library journals. Some of her articles were
reprinted in other periodicals or anthologized in
books,
In order to discuss these many publications
they are here grouped by subject in both the text
and the notes. A few highly selective quotations
will be given to indicate the oflavor� of the whole.
The first group might be called, oThe true school
library under a real school librarian,� emphasiz-
ing two favorite words of Mrs. Douglas. Most of
these articles seek to give an attractive picture of
a school library which lives up to accepted profes-
sional standards and to explain the role of a
trained librarian, or teacher-librarian, in making
the library an important part of the whole school
program. These were aimed at school administra-
tors on the one hand, or at librarians on the other,
depending on the readership of the periodicals in
which they appeared.
One which does not fit the pattern in this
group is entitled simply, oSchool Libraries in
North Carolina,�? which turns out to be a history
of school libraries in the state from 1809 to 1954,
Published in North Carolina Libraries in Nov-
ember 1954, in a special issue commemorating
the fiftieth anniversary of the North Carolina
Library Association. Unfortunately, sources are
not indicated in notes and only occasionally in the
text, but still it is a readable narrative carefully
compiled. The earliest of these general articles is a
lengthy paper read in December 1933, to the 38th
annual meeting of the Southern Association of
Colleges and Secondary Schools.� This must have
been a great honor to Mrs. Douglas, and her paper
is a full-dress affair preceded in the published
version by an elaborate outline of its contents.
She describes the library as a friendly place which
permeates the school with an intellectual atmos-
phere and the librarian as the counselor to stu-
dents and faculty alike. This article was reprinted
in 1939 in the High School Journal, probably to
provide greater accessiblity.
The remainder of these general articles shows
a progression from the relatively simple practical-
ity of the earlier ones to the wider perspective of
the later ones.24 Along with libraries, Mrs. Douglas
changed with the times. She was on the cutting
edge of most developments in school libraries; she
knew everyone, went everywhere, and learned
from her experiences. The later articles discuss a
greater variety of materials, more flexible rules,
larger libraries and more centralized services,
individual study, training in critical thinking, and
the acceptance of librarians as full-fledged staff
members involved with curriculum planning and
other key school issues. Perhaps significantly, the
most recent of her articles found for this paper fit
in this classification, published in North Carolina
Libraries in 1962 and entitled oA Look Ahead.�
World War II
Mrs. Douglas was a member of the Daughters
of the American Revolution and a fervent patriot,
so with the advent of World War II it is not sur-
prising that her writings reflected her attitudes.
Shortly before the war, on May 2, 1941, she deliv-
ered an emotional speech entitled, oSchool Librar-
ies and Our Democracy,� to the Louisiana Library
Association.22 The published version lists the
American freedoms which she fears are taken for
granted. Admitting to seeing the United States
othrough rose-colored glasses,� she was concerned
with contemporary tendencies to flirt with com-
munism and fascism in certain quarters, with the
odebunking� school of historians, and with what
she sees as a sordid picture of American life in
such books as Tobacco Road and Grapes of Wrath.
She views the school library as a defender and
propagator of the democratic ideal. While she
agrees that libraries should present both sides of
controversial topics, they should leave no doubt
1985 Summer"77
as to which side they are on. What must have
given this speech considerable emotional appeal
was the readings from four poems, at least one
prose work, and the retelling of the story of the
composition of the national anthem by Francis
Scott Key. After war was declared, Library Jour-
nal reprinted this speech in February 1942.
An article in 1943 dramatizes how completely
this country was being organized to fight the war
as earlier it had been to fight the depression.�
Primarily for North Carolina school librarians,
Mrs. Douglas discusses in her usual exhaustive
detail how they can support a new federal pro-
gram called the oHigh School Victory Corps.� This
organization existed to train youth for war ser-
vice after their high school years and to encour-
age their participation in the war effort while still
in school.
SN
She had obeen there,� she
knew exactly what was needed,
and she provided it.
Perhaps Mrs. Douglas may have established a
reputation for her patriotic endeavors; in any
case, Library Journal chose to feature her article
on the documents of freedom on the front cover
and in the text of its oAmerica Month Number� for
February 1943.2� The article stresses the impor-
tance of displaying posters in libraries of such
documents as RooseveltTs ofour freedoms,� the
Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights,
and others. She lists and comments on the free-
doms involved and appends a list of books where
the full texts of the basic documents may be
found.
As the war made travel to conferences
impossible, the American Library Association
conducted a oConference in Print� in its Bulletin
for February 1944.8 A veritable who's who of
major American librarians contributed articles on
assorted topics. This of course included Mrs. Doug-
las, who is listed as the chairman of the Post-War
Planning Committee of the AssociationTs Division
of Libraries for Children and Young People. Her
contribution, probably due to editorial restric-
tions, is a brief discussion of her committeeTs
plans for post-war standards for school libraries.
Some of these writings on libraries in wartime
suggest certain of Mrs. DouglasT strong opinions
on book selection, but she seems to have written
very little on the subject. In North Carolina most
books were ordered from state-approved lists,
with some additions from selective lists such as
ChildrenTs Catalog or the Standard Catalog for
78"North Carolina Libraries
High School Libraries. Possibly because of her
resolutely positive attitude or because they may
never have arisen, she seems never to have men-
tioned some of the more unpleasant problems
involving censorship. One of her early articles,
published in 1931, was about book selection.�9 In
it she proposes a test to avoid mediocre books by
considering the criteria of truth, good English
usage, wholesome ideas, high moral tone, reada-
bility, and vitality.
Years later, writing for the National Council
of Teachers of English in its Elementary English
Review, she pointed out how a state supervisor of
libraries can encourage the appreciation of what
she termed oreal literature� through guidance in
selecting the best books, including attractively
illustrated editions of the classics.°° Much of the
article lists activities such as story hours to popu-
larize good books.
Of the articles located, seven were on the
planning and equipping of school libraries, a
favorite subject and one on which Mrs. Douglas
developed considerable expertise.*! The two most
revealing were widely spaced in time, 1935 and
1960, and each is a highly personal account. In
1935 all plans for building and remodeling public
schools in North Carolina had to be approved by
the state superintendent of public instruction
upon recommendation of an official picturesquely
titled oDirector of School House Planning.� As a
result of Works Progress Administration grants in
1934-35 alone, more than three million dollars
had been received for school buildings and reno-
vations, a very large sum in those days. Mrs. Doug-
las and others in the department were asked for
input on these plans, and she responded with her
usual enthusiasm. At first the plans for school
libraries submitted by the architects were so poor
that they had to be redrawn, but before long all
school plans included libraries designed as librar-
ies and not simply as rooms to warehouse books.
This had beneficial results not only on school
libraries but also in the Department of Public
Instruction by introducing greater participation
and cooperation internally and between the
department and architects, administrators, and
WPA authorities. The inescapable conclusion was
that the school library adviser, at the time rela-
tively new to her job, was accomplishing great
things. The article was reprinted in the School
ExecutiveTs Magazine in July of the same year.
Twenty-five years later, in 1960, Mrs. Douglas,
by now thirteen years into her long tenure as
supervisor of school libraries for the Raleigh Pub-
lic Schools, wrote an enthusiastic sketch of her
involvement with the planning of the library for a
new junior high school in Raleigh. Her article, the
first of four similar discussions published by
Library Journal in a series entitled oNew School
Libraries"Experiences in Planning,� was called,
oWe Wouldn't Change a Thing.� Within a year after
the site was selected she had provided her super-
intendent with detailed plans reinforced by lists
of ideas and pictures of desirable features. Fortu-
nately, school system policy permitted her to
approach the architect directly (her twelfth) and
work with him through the three drafts required
of the plans prior to final approval. During the
construction she made the acquaintance of the
contractor and his foreman and by opoking
around at least once a week� was able to be sure
the construction realized the plans. From this ex-
perience she codified five rules basic to good
school library planning. Delighted with the re-
sults, the former English teacher in a relaxed
mood sums it up, oWe got what we wanted like we
wanted it.�
Constant Growth of Ideas
Between these two articles were several in-
depth discussions which show a constant growth
of her ideas to fit the changes in the total educa-
tional picture. She was seldom an innovator buta
propagandist for the best thought of her time as
found in library standards, in her wide expe-
rience, and in her desire to make the library an
A model school library. Frontispiece in Mary Peacock Douglas,
inviting place. In the 1930s she described simple
libraries"the size of two classrooms combined
with a workroom-office and a conference room
partitioned off at one end. But as the years passed
she described larger libraries housed in suites of
rooms, emphasized greater flexibility and infor-
mality, better lighting and acoustics, colorful dec-
oration (libraries need not be limited to ocream
and oak�), and the integration of audiovisual
functions. This was always backed up by the prac-
tical: standard dimensions and lists of helpful
manufacturers, organizations, and books. Two
quotations serve to show her point of view.
oCreate a room which will express an invitation ...
to come, to browse, to read, to study.�** oAnd so
we see it a mute and lovely thing until the school
community moves in. Then, mute no longer, but
lovelier still, it finds its culmination in its services
to its users.�
Mary Peacock Douglas was a fervent advo-
cate of official library standards as a tool for the
improvement of libraries. She greatly admired the
standards for high school libraries published in
1920 and those for elementary libraries published
in 1925 under the editorship of Charles C. Cer-
tain.34 These so-called oCertain standards� are
often spoken of as the beginnings of the school
library movement. She was directly involved in
the creation of several subsequent national,
regional, and state standards. Material in the
Planning and Equipping the School Library (Raleigh: State
Department of Public Instruction, 1946.) (Photograph from copy in the North Carolina Collection, UNC Library, Chapel Hill.)
1985 Summer"79
North Carolina Division of Archives and History
collection documents some of her activities in this
connection.*®
Articles by Mrs. Douglas on standards were
not hard to find. They discuss mainly the ALA
standards of 1945 and 1960,3� although one on
the oAtlanta Gonference on School Library Plan-
ning� focuses on those of the Southern Associa-
tion of Colleges and Seondary Schools. The
genesis of the ALA standards of 1945, which she
once jokingly called othe Douglas standards,� is
explained in two articles.°* Three ALA commit-
tees, on each of which Mrs. Douglas served, col-
laborated on these standards, which were actually
drawn up by a fourth committee with Mrs. Doug-
las as chairman and preparer of the text. Her
statement about these standards is revealing of
her whole attitude toward her work. oThose who
expect many new, untried, radical ideas will be
disappointed. Those who expect tried and true
principles which serve as a yardstick for continu-
ous growth will find them.�*
Ess a
She views the school library as
a defender and propagator of
the democratic ideal.
Le
By far her best discussion of standards was
the Mary C. Richardson Lecture which she deliv-
ered at what was then the Library School of the
New York State University Teachers College at
Geneseo. Her presentation was a history of school
library standards under the title, oFirm Persua-
sion"A Study of School Library Standards.� The
title itself is revealing of the speaker. The coverage
is detailed, comparative, and authoritative. It
adds material on the 1960 standards then about
to be published. She notes the stress on audiovis-
ual materials, o... did you hear the new implica-
tion? Instructional resource centers. Watch for
the new publication, read it with care Sine
Aimed primarily at an audience of library
school students, the Richardson lecture included
many of those inspirational and humorous embel-
lishments which she found so effective that she
practiced them before her mirror.*! She tells the
story of the oGolden Ball,� dramatizes a skit,
oGeorge Washington and the Flag,� and reads a
poem about the need for vision. She wishes stu-
dents to understand the human beings behind the
standards and how standards based on experi-
ence make for better libraries and help banish
mediocrity. She urges them to use the standards
when they get out in the field and oto reach forth
and take the torch and carry it forward.�
80"North Carolina Libraries z
But unquestionably Mrs. Douglas believed in
the need for standards in a far broader applica-
tion. She came from an environment encom-
passed by standards and from this background
must have derived her own definite personal and
professional goals. In fact she concludes her lec-
ture with a homily along this very line. oLife is like
that. We must set high standards and difficult
goals and turn toward them to measure our
efforts.�48
Aside from her many periodical articles, Mrs.
Douglas published frequently in book and pam-
phlet formats. Many of these were North Carolina
state documents, others were reports of work-
shops she directed, and three were issued by ALA
and UNESCO. By reason of her state supervisory
position, she issued many useful bulletins, pre-
sumably distributed to all state school librarians.
They ranged in format from near-print 8% xsiT
sheets stapled together with colored paper covers
to paperback booklets attractively printed on
glossy paper with line and photographic illustra-
tions. Two of the latter which appear to have been
widely used outside the state were Book Displays,
January to December (1947), and Planning and
Equipping the School Library (1946; rev. 1949)*4
North Carolina School Library Handbook
However the best seller among her publica-
tions for the Department of Public Instruction
was the North Carolina School Library Hand-
book, first published in 1937.4 As mentioned ear-
lier, her articles in the High School Journal in the
early 1930s were in effect a preliminary draft for
this book. It was a brief 116-page manual with
step-by-step instructions for the practical opera-
tion of a small library, supplemented with useful
lists, addresses, and bibliographies. Aimed pri-
marily at persons who had little or no library
training, it would have been extremely useful to
anyone in charge of a school library. It must have
had a beneficial effect on school libraries in many
towns and villages of North Carolina. The so-
called second edition of 1938 was apparently
merely a reprint, but the third in 1942 added six-
teen pages of new material and complete revi-
sions of three chapters.
Leaving the Department of Public Instruction
must have been hard to Mrs. Douglas not least
because of severance from those publications
with which she had so long been associated. A
clue to this is given by her account of a workshop
she directed just after giving up her state position
in July 1947, at Appalachian State Teachers Col-
lege, at Boone, North Carolina. The group had
been divided into committees each studying a dif-
ferent topic. One investigated possible revisions of
the North Carolina School Library Handbook.
This committee was so successful that it oassumed
responsibilty to serve as a continuing committee
until the new handbook shall have been pre-
pared.�46
Five years later, in 1952, the fourth edition of
the handbook finally appeared, credited to the
oformer State School Library adviser,� but with no
acknowledgment of the 1947 committee. It was a
thorough revision and featured for the first time
photographs of scenes in school libraries inclu-
ding a story hour in a black school.
It seems likely that the appearance of the
North Carolina School Library Handbook from
the first must have attracted attention beyond
the borders of the state. However the decision
came about, the American Library Association
published in 1941 an expanded version by Mrs.
Douglas entitled, Teacher-LibrarianTs Hand-
book.47 The two books follow similar outlines and
have the same general format, purpose, and con-
cise listings of facts and instructions. But the ALA
version is longer, more handsome, and much
more detailed in such matters as cataloging, clas-
sification, and the planning and equipping of
libraries. It was aimed at a national readership,
both as a handbook and probably as a text in
workshops and summer courses.
The book was a great success. It may well
have been a factor in the author's election to the
presidency of ALATs School Library Section in
1943-1944 and of its Division of Libraries for
Children and Young People in 1944-1945, posi-
tions similar to ones she had already held in the
North Carolina and the Southeastern Library
Associations. In 1961 she reported that the book
had never been out of print, had sold more than
fifty thousand copies, and been translated into
Korean, Japanese, Spanish, and Turkish.*® It is
said that Mrs. Douglas would have prepared more
than the two editions for the ALA had it not
insisted that henceforth she capitalize the titles
on catalog cards in accordance with the Library
of Congress usage instead of the standard rules
for capitalizing titles in English grammar.*®
Nine reviews of the book were located, three
by non-librarian educators and six by librar-
ians.5° Those by non-librarians tended to express
bewilderment and even disdain at the amount of
detail in the book. Their approval was grudging, if
given. One even felt the author was overzealous
on behalf of libraries because their value was so
self-evident that there was no need to osell� them.
The librarian reviewers also were concerned
about the quantity of detail, but they generally
understood the problem and criticized only spe-
cific technical aspects. Two of them compared the
book with its North Carolina predecessor. But it
was the teacher-librarians in the field who could
have given the most authoritative reviews. One
former teacher described to the writer how this
book enabled her, with no library training or
experience, to organize a library in a rural North
Carolina school.5! This same experience must
have been repeated across the country as publi-
cation by ALA gave the book a wider readership.
Mrs. DouglasTs handbook was her quintessen-
tial publication. If the articles in the High School
Journal may be considered a preliminary edition,
and counting the four editions of the North Caro-
lina version and the two under ALA auspices, it
might be said that she produced seven editions
over a period of twenty years. It is the eiptome of
most of her other writings, which constitute elab-
orations of topics covered in the chapters of the
handbook.
een
To Mrs. Douglas, librarianship
was only incidentally a job; it
was a mission.
al
One such publication is the attractive paper-
back booklet published by ALA in 1957 called The
Pupil Assistant in the School Library.� This topic
was well covered in the North Carolina handbook
but less so in the ALA version. This time she gives
credit to the 1947 workshop at Appalachian State
Teachers College and to several others which she
apparently headed for assistance in preparing the
manuscript. The bulletin is couched in her concise
style with many lists and examples of forms use-
ful for the selection, training, and activities of
student assistants.
In 1961 what is actually the last edition of her
handbook was published by UNESCO under the
title, The Primary School Library and its Serv-
ices.®? A 104-page paperback in the attractive for-
mat of the oUNESCO Manuals for Libraries� series,
it included a six-page inset of photos of school
libraries from all over the world, including two-
from North Carolina, and excellent line drawings
of furnishings by Jimmy Barefoot of Broughton
High School in Raleigh. Asked to write a opractical
manual,� she produced one similar in arrange-
ment and content to her previous handbooks. Of
course certain changes adapt the book to inter-
national use, such as the omission of library supp-
liers, and the addition of an extensive bibliography
in many languages.
1985 Summer"81
It was a great honor to be chosen to write this
book and it brought Mrs. Douglas international
recognition. The editors in their oForeword,�
explain that she was commissioned to write the
book as a odistinguished promoter of school
libraries� and that she has completed it with ofirm
persuasion and a long familiarity with the sub-
ject.� One of the editors must have read her oMary
C. Richardson Lecture.�
Supervisor of Libraries for Raleigh Public
Schools
Mrs. Douglas left the position of state library
adviser on June 30, 1947, to become the first
suervisor of libraries for the Raleigh Public
Schools. The reason given was that she wished to
spend more time with her husband. Her strenu-
ous duties in the state position, particularly travel-
ing, had made this difficult. Fortunately, the city
had a system of school libraries large enough to
provide interesting but not as exhausting work.
Her twenty-one years in this position seem to
have been a period in which she reaped some of
the rewards of her earlier, more demanding
career. It was said of her administration in the
Raleigh schools that she introduced greater coop-
eration among librarians, teachers, and school
administrators, developed improved reading guid-
ance services, and planned a oread-aloud� pro-
gram in the elementary grades. She continued
writing, though perhaps less than formerly, where-
as her speaking and teaching schedules may have
increased.
She became a well-known citizen of Raleigh,
as the local papers interviewed her frequently,
especially when her books were published and
when she received various honors. These inter-
views reveal a bit more of her personal life and
character; this is helpful in view of the fact that
most of her personal papers appear to have been
lost after her death.®4 The most detailed of these
interviews was published on the occasion of her
being chosen oTar Heel of the Week� by the News
and Observer of Raleigh in November 1961. She
was described thus: oAn attractive woman with a
charming smile and a quick, merry laugh, Mary
Peacock Douglas is a pleasant and easy conversa-
tionalist.� She enjoyed cooking, entertaining small
groups, and was a great reader both in connec-
tion with her work and for personal pleasure.
Throughout her career and particularly dur-
ing this period, Mrs. Douglas arranged her sched-
ule so that she could conduct classes and
workshops during her summer vacations. She had
taught a great number of these at more than six-
82"North Carolina Libraries
teen colleges and universities by the time of her
retirement. Many campuses were visited repeat-
edly, and she had her favorites, such as the Uni-
versity of Hawaii. No one could have been better
qualified, or better known, but a major factor in
her continuing popularity appears to have been
an exceptionally forceful yet pleasing personality
and great skill in public speaking. A remarkable
photograph in 1951 at Central Washington Col-
lege at Ellensburg shows her lecturing to at least
eighty teachers, all of whom are enjoying a good
laugh.®*6 A North Carolina librarian tells of attend-
ing one of her classes simply because Mrs. Douglas
was the teacher and finding an enrollment of over
a hundred like-minded students having to use an
auditorium for a classroom.T The auditor felt
that she was being addressed personally despite
the size of the audience.
Mrs. DouglasTs ability as a speaker must have
contributed greatly to her prominence. In this as
in everything she took up she strove to excel.
Although she always spoke from a carefully pre-
pared script, she rehearsed her speeches, espe-
cially the literary quotations and the humorous
stories, so that her delivery would appear spon-
taneous.®® One North Carolina librarian remem-
bered at her first library conference being told she
must hear Mrs. Douglas because she was so inter-
esting. On her arrival she found an overflow
crowd, and this proved typical of other occasions
when she attended Mrs. DouglasTs presentations.*®
Portrait of Mrs. Douglas used by the Raleigh News and
Observer for its oTar Heel of the Week� column, November 26,
1961. (Photograph from the collection of Douglas memorabi-
lia in the library of the Mary P. Douglas Elementary School,
Raleigh.)
These speeches were numerous, mostly to library
and educational groups, in well over thirty states.
Many of them were the bases of her articles, and
as the years passed they tended to include more
inspirational and amusing elements in addition to
professional matter.
In 1948 Mrs. Douglas wrote an article in Top
of the News entitled, oWhen You Invite a Speaker.�
It consisted of advice to library associations from
one who knew whereof she spoke. In her typical
style she codified her advice into fifteen telling
points. Point five discusses the need to inform the
speaker as to what kind and color of dress to
wear, especially if a corsage is to be presented, so
that they will blend. She considered herself a
oprogressive,� so point four states, oIf there are
known reactionaries in the audience ... tip off the
speaker, so he can be prepared to answer fairly,
smoothly, and quickly.� Mrs. Douglas wanted
nothing left to chance.
For aschool librarian, a natural concomitant
of a talent for public speaking would be the telling
or reading of stories to children, and so it was for
Mrs. Douglas. Her position with the Raleigh
schools provided the perfect opportunity. Each
year, from Thanksgiving to Christmas, she toured
the elementary classes, reading stories from her
personal collection of Christmas books for chil-
dren. This was one of her favorite occupations,
and she continued it as long as her health permit-
ted.
oTribute�
One of the most elusive things to assess in
biography is the personality, the opresence,� of the
subject. North Carolina Libraries, in its Winter
1969, issue published a oTribute to Mrs. Mary Pea-
cock Douglas� on the occasion of her retirement.®!
It consisted of letters from twenty-three of her
associates in school librarianship. Far from a
orandom sample,� this was just the opposite, a
congregation of admirers. Nevertheless an at-
tempt has been made to classify the terms they
used to describe Mrs. Douglas. No less than thirty-
four terms were classed under opersonality.�
Many remarked on her inspirational and chal-
lenging leadership, balanced by her practical, pos-
itive, and incisive ways. Many terms stressed her
humanity: warm, generous, kind, humorous, and
So on. Long ago Mrs. Douglas had said a librarian
needed ovitality,� and these letter writers applied
to her such words as vibrant, exciting, dramatic
Creative, courageous, enthusiastic, a ohuman
dynamo.� What might be termed her philosophi-
cal attitudes were admired: idealism, vision, fair-
ness, forward looking, a oset of values.� And finally
her manner: grace, charm, elegance.
The writer did not attempt a broad survey of
those who knew her, but from the inquiries that
were made, it would appear that the results might
not have been different. Two librarians in particu-
lar who were interviewed said that knowing Mrs.
Douglas had been a memorable experience, that
she had inspired and influenced their lives, and
that they looked upon themselves as followers or
disciples.T She was a paradigm of solid middle
class values, including the work ethic; admired by
the young librarians with whom she worked, she
was one of them. But, in addition, she had a cer-
tain charisma which appealed to them on a
higher plane. She was a popular minister of the
gospel of school libraries. What may be one of the
few treasures left from Mrs. Douglas's personal
correspondence is a card of congratulations on
her retirement from a black woman librarian in
Portland, Oregon.® Inside is a note which in-
cludes this sentence, oI am trying hard to be like
both my mother and you"a living example for
others.� Impulsively she added, oHow do you like
my boys?� and enclosed photos of two bright-eyed
boys, one in his Boy Scout uniform.
LS
We must set high standards
and difficult goals and turn
toward them to measure our
efforts.�
""S
During the last decade of Mrs. DouglasTs
tenure in the Raleigh schools she received several
special honors. In January of 1958 the School and
Childrens Section of the North Carolina Library
Association, Cora Paul Bomar (the state school
library adviser), and a group of Raleigh elemen-
tary school librarians nominated Mrs. Douglas for
the Grolier Society Award." This award is given to
a librarian who has made unusual contributions
to the stimulation and guidance of reading by
children and young people. The nomination was
accepted, and the award, consisting of a citation,
a certificate, and $500, was presented at the ALA
Conference in San Francisco in June of 1958.
The WomenTs College of the University of
North Carolina at Greensboro had no chapter of
Phi Beta Kappa when Mary Teresa Peacock was a
student there in the early 1920s. Later, on April
21, 1960, its Epsilon of North Carolina Chapter
made her an alumna member in recognition of
her outstanding scholastic record.®
1985 Summer"83
In 1962 she was elected an Eta State honor-
ary member of Delta Kappa Gamma Society
International, the national education honorary
society.®
When Mrs. DouglasTs decision to retire in the
spring of 1968 became known, the Raleigh public
school system decided to honor her by renaming a
new elementary school expected to be completed
that spring after her.6T The Mary P. Douglas Ele-
mentary School was not completed in time for her
retirement, but the library opened for readers in
the summer of 1968, and the school opened that
fall. The formal dedication was on May 11, 1969,
when a portrait of Mrs. Douglas, a gift of Mr. and
Mrs. Douglas, was unveiled. The library, the plan
of which she probably guided, is literally in the
center of the school with classrooms radiating out
on both sides. No honor could have been more
deeply appreciated, and Mrs. Douglas held story
hours regularly at the school, gave it her collec-
tion of autographed Caldecott and Newbery
Award books, and even endowed a telephone for
the free use of the teachers.
Mrs. Douglas retired as of June 30, 1968. To
honor her years of service in the state, the North
Carolina Association of School Librarians estab-
lished the Mary Peacock Douglas Award for per-
sons who have made outstanding contributions to
North Carolina school librarianship. She was
chosen as the first recipient of the award, which
was to have been presented to her at the next
biennial meeting of the Association in Charlotte in
the fall of 1969.
She was to have gone to the meeting with
Mrs. Jean T. Johnson, her successor as Supervisor
of Libraries in Raleigh. The night before, she called
Mrs. Johnson to say that her doctor had required
her to go to the hospital for tests and that she
would not be able to attend the meeting in Char-
lotte. This was apparently the first knowledge
that anyone had that she was ill. The tests indi-
cated cancer of the lung.
School librarians of Raleigh arranged to take
meals to the Douglas home when Mrs. Douglas
was not in the hospital. The progress of the illness
was swift, as indicated by a note sent to the first
grade classes of the Douglas school on November
22, 1969. In a trembling hand, Mrs. Douglas
thanks the children for drawings they had sent
her and regrets that she cannot get to the school
to read to them, but othe doctor says I am getting
better, but that it will be a long time before I can
do many things I used to do. I guess that means
after Christmas, donTt you?�6® She closes with,
oHave a happy Thanksgiving. I LOVE YOU.�
It was after Christmas when Mary Peacock
84"North Carolina Libraries
Douglas died on Thursday, January 29, 1970, in
Rex Hospital. The funeral was held on Saturday,
January 31, at the Edenton Street United Method-
ist Church, and burial was in the Raleigh Memor-
ial Park.
Notes
This paper is based on three approaches: a study of Mrs.
DouglasTs published writings; archival research; and oral history
interviews. All interview transcripts have been placed in the
School of Library Science Library, University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill. Practical considerations, however, have led to the
placement of major emphasis on the first method. For this rea-
son, as the majority of the notes are to books and articles by Mrs.
Douglas, her writings have been entered by title to avoid repeti-
tion of the authorTs name.
The notes also include virtually all of her writings located
and annotated for this paper, whether or not direct quotations
were made. As her writings were discussed by subject groupings,
the relevant articles for each subject have generally been
grouped in one note, with separate notes to specific articles
made only to identify direct quotations. In this way the notes
include a considerable bibliography of her publications.
1. Principal biographical data available in the following (and
similar) standard bibliographical publications are not footnoted
in the text: WhoTs Who in Library Science (publishers vary) 1st,
2d, 4th editions; Biographical Directory of Librarians in the
United States and Canada, 5th ed. (Chicago: ALA, 1970); Bio-
graphical-Bibliographical Directory of Women Librarians
(Madison: University of Wisconsin, Madison, Library School,
WomenTs Group, 1976); Dictionary of American Library Bio-
graphy (Littleton, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited, 1978); Who's Who
in the South and Southwest, 11th ed. (Chicago: Marquis-WhoTs
Who, 1969).
2. Jean and Kathryn Freeman, interview with author, Chapel
Hill, N.C., 23 March 1985, hereinafter cited as Freeman inter-
view.
3. oTar Heel of the Week,� News and Observer (Raleigh), 26
November 1961.
4. oTribute to Mrs. Mary Peacock Douglas,� North Carolina
Libraries 27 (Winter 1969): 14. Hereinafter, this publication will
be cited as NCL.
5. oCirculation in School Libraries,� High School Journal 11
(April 1928): 174-177, hereinafter cited as oCirculation in School
Libraries�, the journal, HSJ.
6. oCirculation in School Libraries,� 177.
7. oCirculation in School Libraries,� 177.
8. oA Plan for TeacherTs Meetings,� HSJ 13 (February 1930): 62-
64.
9. oEffective School Library Service,� HSJ 13 (October 1930):
282.
10. oPreparing Library Books for the Shelves,� HSJ 13 (Novem-
ber 1930): 361-362; oClassification of Library Books,� HSJ 14
(January 1931): 54-55; oCataloguing of Library Books,� HSJ 14
(February 1931): 93-94; o... Information File,� HSJ 14 (March
1931): 165-167; oTests for the School Library,� HSJ 14 (April
1931): 207-208, 233; oBook Selection,� HSJ 14 (May 1931): 266-
267.
11. oSuggested School Library Report,� HSJ 14 (October 1931):
329-330; oIllustrated Editions for High School Literature.� HSJ
14 (November 1931): 394; oLibrary Book Collection in the Stan-
dard School, HSJ 15 (January 1932): 23-25; oThe Organized
School Library,� HSJ 15 (February 1932): 77, 79-80; oTeaching
the Use of the Library,� HSJ 15 (April 1932): 179, 181, 183.
12. Department of Public Instruction, Division of Instructional
Services, Library Services Section, Educational Information File,
1931-1948, boxes 1-2, Archives, Division of Archives and History,
Raleigh, hereinafter cited as Education Information File.
13. oThe School Library Supervisor at the State Level,� in The
School Library Supervisor, ed. A.H. Lancour (Champaign, IIL:
Illini Union Bookstore, 1956), 9-20, hereinafter cited as oSchool
Library Supervisor at State Level.�
14, oSchool Library Supervisor at State Level,� 9-10.
15. oState Supervisor Has Varied Duties� Library Journal 72
(15 September 1947); 1237-1240, hereinafter cited as oSupervi-
sor Has Varied Duties.o Hereinafter, this journal will be cited as
LJ.
16. oSupervisor Has Varied Duties,� 1237.
17. oSupervisor Has Varied Duties,� 1237.
18, oSupervisor Has Varied Duties,� 1238.
19. oSupervisor Has Varied Duties,� 1238.
20. oSupervisor Has Varied Duties,� 1238.
21. oSchool Library Supervisor at State Level,� 10.
22. oSchool Libraries in North Carolina,� NCL 13 (November
1954); 17-22.
23. The paper, oRole of the Librarian in the Modern School,� was
reprinted as: oThe School Librarian and the High School,�HSJ 22
(April 1939): 150-155.
24. General articles on school libraries by date: oNorth Carolina
School Libraries,� Peabody Journal of Education 13 (July 1935):
32-34; oPatterns in Elementary School Library Service,� Educa-
tional Method 19 (December 1939): 177-183; [Review of] The
School Library, by the staff of the course in library training,
University of Cape Town, Library Quarterly 13 (April 1943):
172-174; oShortcuts and Labor-Saving Devices for School Librar-
ians,� School Library Association of California Bulletin 22
(May 1951): 25; oDirections in School Library Service Today;
Meeting the Challenge,� ALA Bulletin 48 (February 1954): 67+;
oSchool Library"Classroom Partner,� NEA Journal 50 (Sep-
tember 1961): 51-53; oA Look Ahead,� NCL 20 (Spring 1962):
88-93.
25. oSchool Libraries and Our Democracy,� Bulletin of the Loui-
siana Library Association 4 (June 1941): 5-9, reprinted with
slight changes as oLibraries and Democracy,� LJ 67 (1 February
1942): 114-117.
26. oThe Library in the High School War Program,� HSJ 26
(January-February 1943): 10-15.
27. oOn this Foundation"Freedom,� LJ 68 (1 February 1943):
109-112.
28. oSchool Libraries"Why and How,� ALA Bulletin 38 (Febru-
ary 1944): 39.
29. oBook Selection,� HSJ 14 (May 1931): 266-276.
30. oState School Library Supervisor Aids the Literature Pro-
gram,� Elementary English Review 22 (January 1945); 24-26.
31. Articles on school library planning by date: oPWA and North
Carolina School Libraries,� LJ 60 (15 May 1935): 442, reprinted
as oNorth Carolina School Libraries,� School ExecutiveTs Maga-
zine 54 (July 1935): 347-348; oDesign and Equipment of Consol-
idated School Libraries,� American School and University 11
(1939): 297-303, hereinafter cited as oDesign and Equipment of
Consolidated School Libraries�; oPlans and Equipment for
School Libraries� Library Trends 1 (January 1953): 324-332;
oLibrary for Tomorrow's Secondary School,� American School
and University 25 (1953-1954): 329-334; oMaterial Aspects of
the School Library,� Wilson Library Bulletin 29 (November
1954): 225-227, 229, hereinafter cited as oMaterial Aspects of the
School LibraryT; oWe Wouldn't Change a Thing,� LJ85 (15 Febru-
ary 1960); 797-798; [Review of] oRemodeling the Elementary
School Library� [filmstrip] (Chicago: ALA, 1961), Library Jour-
nal 86 (15 September 1961): 3020.
32. oDesign and Equipment of Consolidated School Libraries,�
303.
33. oMaterial Aspects of the School Library,� 229.
34. NEA and North Central Association of Colleges and Secon-
dary Schools, Committee on School Library Organization and
Equipment, Standard Library Organization and Equipment
for Secondary Schools ... (Chicago: ALA, 1920); Joint Commit-
tee on Elementary School Library Standards of the NEA and the
ALA, Elementary School Library Standards (Chicago: ALA,
1925).
35. Education Information File, boxes 3 and 4, Archives, Div-
ision of Archives and History, Raleigh.
36. Articles on school library standards by date: oSchool Librar-
ies Face the Future,� ALA Bulletin 38 (September 1944): 313;
oSchool Libraries for Today and Tomorrow,� LJ 69 (15 Sep-
tember 1944): 737-739, hereinafter cited as oSchool Libraries for
Today and Tomorrow [LJ]�; oFunctions and Standards for a
School Library,� School Executive 64 (December 1944): 50-52,
reprinted in School Library Association of California Bulletin
17 (January 1946): 6-7, 20; oSchool Libraries for Today and
Tomorrow,� School Library Association of California Bulletin
16 (March 1945): 25-26, hereinafter cited as oSchool Libraries
for Today and Tomorrow [SLACB]"; oAtlanta Conference on
School Library Planning,� LJ 70 (15 September 1945): 814; Firm
Persuasion"a Study of School Library Standards (Geneseo,
N.Y.: State Univ. Teachers College, 1959), hereinafter cited as
Firm Pesuasion; oHow Well Will the School Library Serve?�
HSJ 43 (November 1959): 47-51, reprinted in C.L. Trinkner, ed.,
Better Libraries Make Better Schools (Hamden, Conn.: Shoe
String Press, 1962), 6-11.
37. ALA Division of Libraries for Children and Young People,
and the American Association of School Librarians, Committees
on Post-War Planning, School Libraries for Today and Tomor-
row (Chicago: ALA, 1945); American Association of School
Librarians, Standards for School Library Programs (Chicago:
ALA, 1960).
38. oSchool Libraries for Today and Tomorrow [LJ].� oSchool
Libraries for Today and Tomorrow [SLACB].�
39. oSchool Libraries for Today and Tomorrow [SLACB],� 26.
40. Firm Persuasion, 25.
41. Mrs. Jean T. Johnson, coordinator of media services, Wake
County Public Schools, interview with author, Raleigh, N.C., 27
March 1985, hereinafter cited as Johnson interview.
42. Firm Persuasion, 26.
43, Firm Persuasion, 33.
44. Book Displays, January to December [with B.G. Jeffrey]
(Raleigh: State Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1947);
Planning and Equipping the School Library (Raleigh: State
Dept. of Public Instruction, 1946; 2d ed., 1949).
45. North Carolina School Library Handbook (Raleigh: State
Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1937; 2d. ed., 1938; 3rd
ed., 1942; 4th ed., 1952).
46. oNorth CarolinaTs 1947 Workshop Has Already Borne
Results,� LJ 73 (15 March 1948): 456.
47. Teacher-LibrarianTs Handbook (Chicago: ALA, 1941; 2d.
ed., 1949).
48. oTar Heel of the Week,� News and Observer (Raleigh), 26
November 1961, hereinafter cited as oTar Heel of the Week.�
49, Freeman interview.
50. Clearing House 16 (January 1942); 312, 314; Curriculum
Journal 13 (January 1942): 43-44, Educational Method 21
(November 1941): 103-104; HSJ 24 (December 1941): 378-379;
LJ 66 (1 December 1941): 1028; Library Quarterly 12 (April
1942): 301-303; Michigan Librarian 7 (October 1941): 20;
SLACB 13 (January 1942): 13; School Review 50 (January 1942):
72-74.
51. Elizabeth Laney, librarian, School of Library Science Library,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, interview with author,
Chapel Hill, N.C., 21 March 1985, hereinafter cited as Laney
interview.
52. The Pupil Assistant in the School Library (Chicago: ALA,
1957).
1985 Summer"85
53. The Primary School Library and Its Services (Paris:
UNESCO, 1961).
54. Johnson interview.
55. oTar Heel of the Week.�
56. One of 4 photos of Mrs. Douglas at Central Washington Col-
lege, Ellensburg, 1951, in files of the Mary P. Douglas Elementary
School Library, Raleigh, N.C. Hereinafter, this library will be cited
as Douglas School Library.
57. Laney interview.
58. Johnson interview.
59. Johnson interview.
60. oWhen you Invite a Speaker,� Top of the News 5 (October
1948): 7-8.
61. oTribute to Mrs. Mary Peacock Douglas,� North Carolina
Libraries 27 (Winter 1969): 4-16.
62. Johnson interview; Laney interview.
63. Greeting card from B.P. Anderson to M.P. Douglas, 17 June
1968, in files of the Douglas School Library.
64. Copies of the nomination letters are in files of the Office of
Educational Media and Technology Services, State Department
of Public Instruction, Raleigh, N.C. "
65. Mrs. DouglasTs PBK certificate and Handbook are in files of
the Douglas School Library.
66. oHonoree: Mrs. Mary Peacock Douglas,� Eta State News 22
(November 1962): 1, 3.
67. In the company of Jean T. Johnson the writer visited this
school 27 March 1985, met the present librarian, Sharon Wood,
who allowed him to use a scrapbook of the schoolTs first three
years and a file of Douglas memorabilia for this article.
68. Mrs. Douglas to the first grades of Mary P. Douglas Elemen-
tary School, in files of Douglas School Library.
Acknowledgments
Special thanks are due to Maurice C. York for alerting me to
many valuable sources; to Jean T. Johnson for taping an inter-
view and taking me to the Douglas School; to Jean and Kathryn
Freeman and Elizabeth Laney for taping interviews; and to
Sharon Wood and Mary Holloway for information on the Doug-
las School Library.
Community College
COM Catalogs Available
The North Carolina Community Colleges Union
COM Catalog on microfiche will soon be available
for purchase for $50. Approximately two hundred
thousand monographic titles from eleven commun-
ity and technical colleges will be included in the
first phase of the union COMCAT.
To reserve a copy please contact, by August 30:
Linda Halstead, Project Director, NCCC Union COM
Catalog, Central Carolina Technical College, 1105
Kelly Drive, Sanford, North Carolina 27330. Cata-
logs will be shipped and billed in early November.
Participating institutions include: Asheville-
Buncombe Technical College, Brunswick Technical
College, Cape Fear Technical Institute, Carteret
Technical College, Central Carolina Technical Col-
lege, Craven Community College, Guilford Techni-
cal Community College, Rowan Technical College,
Sampson Technical College, Wilson County Techni-
cal Institute, and Vance-Granville Community Col-
lege.
86"North Carolina Libraries
The Future of NCLA
What Do You Think?
We Want to Know
This biennium, the Futures Committee was
appointed by President Park oto look at NCLA from
top to bottom, anyway and everyway... to stop and
say where are we, where should we go, what needs
to ke changed, what should be left alone, etc.� The
committee wants to hear your thoughts about our
association, its purpose, its structure and its
future. No comment is too picky or too general"we
welcome all of your ideas. Please contact Arabelle
Fedora, chairman, at 4020-C Huntingreen Lane,
Winston-Salem, NC 27106, 919/765-7344.
" = : "
CHILDREN and LIBRARIES
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The pads are 8% X 5%, have 50 pages
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$1.00 + 50¢ postage and handling.
The American Imprints Inventory "
in North Carolina
Maurice C. York
It was a tremendous task that required the
assistance of librarians, historians, and relief
workers throughout the country. In 1937, under
the auspices of the Historical Records Survey of
the Works Progress Administration, bibliographer
Douglas Crawford McMurtrie organized the Amer-
ican Imprints Inventory to survey the contents of
hundreds of libraries and repositories, establish a
union list of American imprints published prior to
1876,1 and publish check lists of state and local
imprints extracted from the union list. By 1942,
when the project ended, American Imprints
Inventory staffs in most states had assisted
McMurtrie and his successors in achieving impres-
Sive progress toward the three goals.
North Carolinians who directed the stateTs
contribution to the inventory failed to achieve one
of the goals established by McMurtrie and com-
pleted in many other states: no check list was
published. The failure of North CarolinaTs capable
Historical Records Survey staff adequately to
Support the publication of a check list chiefly
resulted from three factors. Under the leadership
of historian Charles Christopher Crittenden, the
Survey emphasized the publication of archival
inventories. The concurrent work of Mary Lindsay
Thornton, librarian of the North Carolina Collec-
tion at the University of North Carolina, to com-
pile and publish a bibliography of state publica-
tions likely mitigated the urgency of preparing an
imprints check list. Finally, World War II siphoned
resources and personnel from the Historical
Records Survey before enough headway toward
preparing a complete check list had been made.T
The American Imprints Inventory grew from
the Historical Records Survey, a program de-
Signed by the United States government to pro-
Vide employment for white collar workers who
had lost their jobs during the Great Depression.
Luther H. Evans organized the survey in 1935 and
1936. His plans for examining state and local
archival repositories, classifying and rehabilitat-
ing the records, and publishing inventory reports
incorporated the ideas of notable historians,
librarians, and archivists. Evans and his staff
_
Maurice C. York is Reference/Local History Librarian at the ©
Edgecombe County Memorial Library in Tarboro.
viewed the survey, whose scope eventually broad-
ened to embrace a wide variety of historical mate-
rials, as a means of providing scholars with
sources for rewriting local history.®
The HRS established the imprints inventory
to fill significant gaps in the knowledge of the his-
tory of American printing. When the project
began, scholars had access to Charles Evans's
American Bibliography, which recorded imprints
published between 1639 and 1799,4 and Frederick
LeypoldtTs United States Catalog, which com-
menced in 1876. Additional sources of bibliogra-
phic information included Dictionary of Books
Relating to America, compiled by Joseph Sabin.
The works of Evans and Sabin were somewhat
flawed because they listed books published pri-
marily in the eastern states and because they
often omitted booksT locations.T The HRS envi-
sioned a cooperative effort of the states to collect
data for imprints that would supplement the
work of Sabin and provide complete coverage for
the period between 1800 and 1876.
The result would be a boon to scholars. The
union list produced by the American Imprints
Inventory would provide a very thorough record
of printing in the United States. Check lists of
books, pamphlets, and broadsides published in a
state or city would help historians interested in
that locality or in a specialized subject to locate
previously unknown primary resources.®
Douglas McMurtrie
Douglas McMurtrie, who served as Luther
EvansTs consultant for the inventory from 1937
until July 1941, possessed excellent qualifications
for making these raw materials available. An
engineer by training, McMurtrie became an
authority on technical aspects and the history of
printing in America. He obtained instruction in
bibliographic methodology from Wilberforce
Eames, a specialist in Americana at the New York
Public Library. McMurtrie served as director of
the Columbia University Printing Office from 1917
to 1919 and established his own printing firm in
1924-1925. After the firmTs failure, McMurtrie
moved to Chicago to become director of typog-
1985 Summer"87
raphy for Ludlow Typograph Company. By the
late 1920s he had begun his impressive series of
scholarly works on printing. These included The
Golden Book (1927), a complete history of print-
ing and bookmaking; numerous articles on the
history of publishing in localities in the United
States; and volume two of a projected four-vol-
ume series, A History of Printing in the United
States (1936), which discussed printing in the
southeastern states beginning with the colonial
period.T Utilizing this experience, McMurtrie devel-
oped precise procedures for accomplishing the
goals of the American Imprints Inventory.
Considerable work had to be undertaken in
the states before McMurtrieTs staff at the Illinois
Historical Records Survey office in Chicago could
compile the inventory. Field workers apportioned
to districts in the states received training from
area supervisors. The supervisors, who sometimes
were assisted by local sponsors, obtained permis-
sion for workers to examine the holdings of librar-
ies or other repositories. Workers precisely re-
corded bibliographic information, including title-
page endings and printersT devices, on 3� x 5� slips
of stiff but flexible paper. Each card also noted
the location of the imprint it represented. Super-
visors then approved the work and forwarded the
cards to the state HRS office for preliminary edit-
ing. The state office either returned the cards to
the localities for further checking or mailed them
to McMurtrieTs headquarters in Chicago. There
the imprint slips were carefully examined for
accuracy and uniformity. If approved, the central
office staff made several copies of each acceptable
title and created master author and title files. One
copy of the slips reflecting imprints published in a
particular state was sorted and arranged in a
separate file.T
McMurtrie designed several publications to
insure accuracy and uniformity. Five editions of
his Manual of Procedure guided workers, supervi-
sors, and editors toward the production of accept-
able imprint slips. McMurtrie also issued Location
Symbols for Libraries in the United States (1939),
Instructions for the Description of Broadsides
(1939), and Instructions for Examination of
Douglas Crawford McMurtrie supervising work of American Imprints Inventory worker in Chicago. (Photograph from Douglas
McMurtrie Collection, Special Collections Division, Michigan State University Libraries, East Lansing, Michigan.)
88"North Carolina Libraries
Newspaper Files for Materials Relating to the
History of the Press (1939).°
Printed check lists for states or localities uti-
lized imprint slips uniformly produced through-
out the country. Initially, the AII central office
edited oStyle A� entries, which included printersT
devices, title-page line endings, and bracketed
insertions, and worked closely with state offices in
publishing check lists. The publication usually
included a brief history of printing in the state or
locality, a key to symbols of libraries in which the
imprints were located, an index of printing
points, an index of printers, presses, and publish-
ers, and a general index. By 1941, after it became
clear that the project was progressing too slowly,
the HRS required the AII central office to aban-
don the use of oStyle A� descriptions in favor of a
simplified oStyle B� description and to decentral-
ize the editing of check lists. In April 1941 a man-
ual of editing was sent to the states for use in
preparing publications.T°
The inventory achieved impressive results.
Hundreds of workers (about 1,800 annually for
several years) examined approximately ten thou-
sand libraries"more than 95 per cent of those in
the field"and recorded some fifteen million titles.
Many of them were previously unknown. Consid-
ering duplication of titles and the presence of dif-
ferent editions of works, slips for approximately
eight million separate imprints were compiled. By
May 1942 fifty-one check lists of state and local
eee
eae
haa
tion, / holden at Ca
Olina, Chowan Association,
imprints had been published."
Nevertheless, the project failed to achieve
McMurtrieTs lofty expectations. Preparations for
World War II depleted manpower available for
HRS projects. The survey officially ended in April
1942, when the Service Division of the WPA
focused on contributing to the war effort, and
although states were given permission to com-
plete publications then in progress, McMurtrieTs
projected 250-volume, indexed imprint series
never was completed. The massive file of slips was
moved to the State Historical Society of Wisconsin
for safekeeping during the war. In succeeding
years the increasingly disheveled inventory was
moved several times until transferred to its pres-
ent location at RutgerTs University in Piscataway,
New Jersey.!2 The AII lapsed before North Caroli-
naTs project could publish a check list, even
though HRS officials in Raleigh had allocated
relief workers for inventory work at the beginning
of the program.
Imprint Work in North Carolina
The imprints work, as well as other projects
of the HRS, was sponsored by the North Carolina
Historical Commission. Luther Evans, on De-
cember 19, 1935, appointed Dr. Charles Chris-
topher Crittenden, secretary of the commission,
as assistant state supervisor of the survey. Crit-
tenden directed the HRS even though Edwin
x
mden meeting-house, on
the 4th, Sth and 6th days / of May, 1810. /
| Wavy rule]
Spe 16 2% 1958 Ome
Caption title; imprint on Ds. 8: Edenton:
.
Printed by James Wills./ 1810,
NHC-S-
Works Progress Administration. WPA Form 22HR
Typical slip utilized by the American Imprints Inventory. This entry, located in a file preserved by the State Archives, shows
title-page line endings and describes the devices used by the printer. (Photograph from files of the Archives, Division of Archives
and History, Raleigh.)
1985 Summer"89
Bjorkman, director of the Federal WritersT Project
in North Carolina, was the nominal supervisor.
The HRS ceased to be an autonomous unit of the
Federal WritersT Project in November 1936, and
Crittenden assumed the duties of state director of
the survey.!8
The placement of the HRS in the hands of the
commission and its secretary was a logical deci-
sion. Created by the North Carolina General
Assembly in 1903 as a result of prompting by the
State Literary and Historical Association of North
Carolina, the commission collected newspapers,
documents, and manuscripts pertaining to the
state and sponsored the publication of collected
manuscript material.'4 Crittenden began work as
secretary in 1935 after serving for nine years as
instructor and assistant professor of history at
the University of North Carolina.!®
The quarters of the commission proved to be
inadequate to accommodate HRS workers prop-
erly, but the attitudes of persons involved in the
survey and other federal projects eased the
inconveniences they encountered. Further, the
staff of the commission, many of whom had
worked under the direction of R.D.W. Connor and
Dr. Albert Ray Newsome, another distinguished
historian, were dedicated to the historical profes-
sion and realized the significance of the WPA proj-
ects. Most of them cheerfully accepted the
crowding caused by the addition of WPA workers
and harbored no ill feelings toward their new col-
leagues. The majority of the persons engaged in
project work at the headquarters in Raleigh were
in their twenties and thirties; as a result, a spirit
of camaraderie prevailed. One of the Survey of
Federal Archives officials recalls that oIn addition
to the optimism of youth, there was the friendly
cheerfulness, a sort of light heartedness, that
characterized so many of the young adults then
living through the Depression, who took the days
as they came and did the best they could with
them, leaving the worries of tomorrow for tomor-
row.� Nevertheless, these men and women took
their work seriously, and many of them worked at
night and on weekends.'¢
One of these youthful historians was Dan
Mabry Lacy, who assumed chief responsibility for
the day-to-day operation of the HRS. Though only
twenty-two years of age in 1936, Lacy served as
CrittendenTs executive assistant. Later, he held
the position of assistant state director and, on
July 1, 1937, succeeded Crittenden as state direc-
tor. From the beginning, however, Lacy received
only very general supervision from his superior.'�
This pair, with the assistance of area historians
and librarians, established priorities and ap-
proaches for the HRS work.
Tentative plans evolved soon after the pro-
gram was organized in North Carolina. Interested
scholars from the University of North Carolina,
Duke University, and Wake Forest College met
with HRS officials to offer suggestions for manag-
ing the projects. Crittenden thought that it would
be best to undertake and complete one project at
a time. Luther Evans initiated the HRS under the
assumption that it would continue indefinitely,
but it is clear that Crittenden and Lacy were not
as optimistic. Consequently, they placed emphasis
University of North Carolina Department of History and Government, 1934. Charles Christopher Crittenden stands next to left on
the back row. Robert Digges Wimberly Connor, with hands at his side, stands in the center of the front row. (Photograph in 1934
Yackety Yack, 29. From copy in the North Carolina Collection, UNC Library, Chapel Hill.)
90"North Carolina Libraries
on the publication of guides to records and
manuscripts. They considered the preparation of
printéd inventories of county archives their most
important task.!8 The three hard-cover volumes of
county archives inventories, published with finan-
cial assistance of the North Carolina Historical
Commission between March 1938 and October
1939, proved to be perhaps the most impressive
series of its kind undertaken by any state.!° Before
the HRS passed out of existence in 1942, North
Carolina had published, in addition to the county
archives inventories, twelve volumes of state
archives inventories, six guides to collections held
by manuscript repositories, seven inventories of
church archives, and a guide to vital statistics
records.�°
Accomplishments of the Survey
In May 1939"two years after the beginning
of the American Imprints Inventory"Dr. Crit-
tenden described to Works Progress Administra-
tion officials in Raleigh the chief accomplishments
of the HRS in the state. He used almost two typed
pages to describe archival and manuscript inven-
tories, care given to uncataloged records, the
preparation of a card index of tombstone vital
statistics, and inventories of church records. The
listing of early American imprints was not men-
tioned.2! Not surprisingly, therefore, when North
Carolina undertook the imprints work in 1937, it
received relatively little attention.
Nevertheless, Dr. Crittenden and his col-
leagues recognized the importance of the Ameri-
can Imprints Inventory. When Crittenden learned
about the project in May 1937, he told McMurtrie
that the inventory in North Carolina should be
successfully completed. Crittenden undoubtedly
was acquainted with McMurtrie and with the use-
fulness of the project he organized, because
McMurtrie had published articles and pamphlets
concerning early North Carolina imprints.�
Crittenden informed McMurtrie in May 1937
that most of the imprints dating between 1800
and 1820 (the date limits used when the project
began) would be found at major college libraries,
the North Carolina State Library, the North Caro-
lina Supreme Court Library, the Historical Foun-
dation of the Presbyterian and Reformed
Churches at Montreat, the Sondley Reference
Library at Asheville, and the Greensboro Public
-
State Administration Building, located south of Capitol Square in Raleigh. The State Library occupied the first floor, and the
Historical Commission utilized the second floor. The third floor housed the Supreme Court. (Photograph [circa 1914] from files of
the Archives, Division of Archives and History, Raleigh.)
1985 Summer"91
Library.23 Dan Lacy began North CarolinaTs inven-
tory at these institutions.�4
The inventory commenced with the pam-
phlets and newspapers of the Historical Commis-
sion and the holdings of the Supreme Court
Library. For the latter work, the survey secured
the services of a man of extraordinary intelli-
gence. According to Lacy, this worker"a otall
gaunt Ichabod Crane-like man�"previously had
psychiatric problems but performed his duties
with great precision.
The holdings of the Historical Foundation of
the Presbyterian and Reformed Churches at
Montreat were among the first to be inventoried.
Doing so presented a problem, however, because
the foundation was not associated with a college
or university. Consequently, National Youth Ad-
ministration students who would be used to
inventory collections at their colleges and univer-
sities could not be utilized. And, owing to the
severe restrictions on the use of onon-certified�
workers (those who were not considered needy),
it was difficult to find anyone to do the inventory.
Lacy solved the problem by curtailing the travel
funds allotment for the county records project
and using the money to send Viola Burch, a
research supervisor on the Raleigh staff, to Mon-
treat in January 1938.26 Mrs. Burch made valuable
discoveries there, including the othird known
Tennessee imprint, hitherto regarded as lost.T "27
She was unable to complete the work, but Lacy
found a local woman who finished the inventory
of the foundation and the Sondley Reference
Library, also begun by Mrs. Burch.�8
Other valuable imprints were discovered in
Winston-Salem. Lacy, by November 1937, had
received from Miss Adelaide Lisetta Fries, archi-
vist of the Archives of the Moravian Church in
America, Southern Province, a list of titles held by
the archives. McMurtrie evaluated these as a over-
itable treasure-trove of eighteenth century North
Carolina imprints,� six of which had never been
recorded. Among them was the proceedings of
the Committee of Correspondence of Craven
County, published in May 1775.�
Work proceeded apace during 1938. By
November approximately ten thousand imprint
slips had been recorded, and three thousand of
them had been typed and sent to Chicago. In
addition to the libraries at Raleigh, Montreat, and
Asheville, the collections of the Greensboro Public
Library, the WomanTs College of the University of
North Carolina library at Greensboro, and the
library of Appalachian State Teachers College at
Boone had been completed. Eleven workers
labored at the catalogs of other academic and
92"North Carolina Libraries
Albert Ray Newsome. (Photograph from files of the Archives,
Division of Archives and History, Raleigh.)
Dan Mabry Lacy. University of North Carolina, senior class
photograph in 1933 Yackety Yack, 105. (From copy in the
North Carolina Collection, UNC Library, Chapel Hill.)
public libraries, including those at the University
of North Carolina, Duke University, and the Car-
negie Negro Library in Greensboro. If catalog
cards were adequate, they were copied. If infor-
mation on them was incomplete, the imprints
were inspected. Two typists in Raleigh edited and
typed the slips sent from the field and forwarded
them to Chicago for further processing.*°
Problems and Frustration
Progress came at the expense of considerable
frustration. Most problems arose because of the
inherent conflict between the professional objec-
tives of the HRS and the relief objectives of the
WPA. Raleigh WPA and United States Treasury
officials often differed with the HRS over interpre-
tation of directions from Washington. Further-
more, county welfare offices, which were respon-
sible for assigning workers to specific projects,
sometimes failed to select reasonably competent
persons; on many occasions, they had no qualified
Rare books preserved by the Historical Foundation of the
Presbyterian and Reformed Churches in Montreat were
among the first to be inventoried. (Photograph, oA Corner of
the Vault,� in A Great Collection of Presbyterian and
Reformed Literature |Montreat: Historical Foundation Publi-
cations, 1944], 3. From copy in the North Carolina Collection,
UNC Library, Chapel Hill.)
workers to assign. To make matters worse,
changes in the economy often necessitated swift
increases or reductions in the number of relief
workers.*! It is no wonder that Dr. Crittenden in
July 1937 resigned as state director of the HRS
and SFA. He described his feelings in the first
verse of a poem sent to his superior in Raleigh:
Long years ago my heart was gay,
Before I heard of SFA,
Was full of joy and happiness,
Until I joined the HRS.�
Other problems occurred frequently. Staff in
Raleigh occasionally postponed sending imprint
slips to McMurtrie until they could learn how
problem books should be recorded. Lacy in June
1937 sought advice on how to treat journals of the
North Carolina General Assembly that were
bound together"with or without common title
pages. This and such other problems as how to
capitalize parts of titles arose because no printed
instructions existed. Manuals were needed espe-
cially to train NYA student workers, but they were
not available until June 1938. The lack of suffi-
cient typists and typewriters also hampered prog-
ress, resulting in a backlog of untyped slips.
During 1940 McMurtrie urged the state to com-
plete the project so that the central office could
edit a check list, but the enormous accumulation
of untyped slips prevented compliance with his
wish.*?
Despite these problems, the inventory thor-
oughly covered libraries throughout the state. The
North Carolina Historical Commission assumed
legal responsibility for the inventory after the HRS
ended as a national project of the WPA in Sep-
tember 1939; during 1939, 1940, and 1941,
administrators repeatedly asked McMurtrie for
the proper locational symbols for scores of small
libraries, including collections housed in county
courthouses, schools, and churches. Batches of
slips representing books, newspapers, and broad-
sides were sent to Chicago regularly. Dan Lacy,
Colbert Crutchfield, and their staff spent time
also in supplying the Chicago office with oStyle A�
data for books not fully described at the time the
imprint slips first were sent to Chicago.®° By Sep-
tember 1940 over sixty thousand titles had been
inventoried, even though only thirty-five thou-
sand typed slips had been completed. The AII
central office learned in April 1942 that 197
libraries in over one hundred communities had
been inventoried; inventories were partially com-
plete in forty-eight additional libraries. In June
1942 Historical Records Survey State Supervisor
M.A. Rushton considered the field work to be 99
1985 Summer"93
per cent complete. When the project ended in the
summer of 1942, 76,721 imprints had been listed,
and slips for 72,433 of them had been sent to Chi-
cago.%6
A year before the inventory reached this
stage of completeness, Mrs. May E. Campbell,
state director of Community Service Programs,
planned with the national office of the HRS and
the AII central office a check list of North Caro-
lina imprints. Mrs. Campbell informed the HRS in
July 1941"several months after the HRS man-
dated that McMurtrie accelerate the decentrali-
zation of check list editorial work"that her state
wished to prepare a publication. Accordingly, the
Illinois office of the survey sent to Raleigh slips
covering the period between 1801 and 1820.7
During the summer and fall, Campbell worked to
resolve editorial problems encountered by the
HRS staff. By December the list of approximately
250 titles awaited only minor editorial work.
Because such a short list hardly merited publica-
tion, Thomas R. Hall, state supervisor of the Illi-
nois Historical Records Survey, suggested that
vA ie ute Ditery
The Proceedings of the Revolutionary
Committee of the Town of Newbern,
North Carolina, 1775
A newly discovered printed document of the
American Revolution brought to light by the
American Imprints Inventory of the Histor-
ical Records Survey, Division of WomenTs &
Professional Projects of the Works Progress
Administration.
Provided with an introductory note and privately printed by Douglas C, McMurtrie,
Consultant to the National Director of the Historical Record: Survey, as a keepsake
Sor presentation to friends attending the dxtieth annual canference of the American
Library Axiactation at Kansas City, Missouri, Jr 13-18, 1938. Presswork by
students of the Chicaga School of Printing, Chicago, Iilinais.
imprints through 1830 be included. The appro-
priate slips were sent to North Carolina in
December 1941. As late as February 1942, how-
ever, the North Carolinians anticipated additional
slips from among those still being received in Chi-
cago.°8
The relatively small number of titles to be
included in the projected publication resulted
from a decision not to compile documentary titles
in the check list. By December 1938 Luther Evans
was aware that Mary Lindsay Thornton of the
University of North Carolina had begun a bibliog-
raphy of North Carolina state documents. Indeed,
Dan Lacy suggested that ThorntonTs work be pub-
lished by the HRS. Thornton declined this offer
and continued to pursue the project independ-
ently. Nevertheless, the trained librarians pro-
vided by the HRS who cataloged titles in several
important libraries outside Chapel Hill facilitated
ThorntonTs work, as did typists who were paid by
the HRS. ThorntonTs project undoubtedly relieved
the urgency of publishing a check list.39
World War II ultimately halted the publica-
PROCEEDINGS of the ComMITTEE
for the Town of Newbern, and
County of Grav ny May 31, 1775.
Newsenn,
In 1938 McMurtrie published one of the American Imprints InventoryTs most impressive discoveries, found at the Archives of the
Moravian Church in America, Southern Province, located in Salem. McMurtrieTs title page and the first page of the Proceedings
from copy in the North Carolina State Library, Raleigh. (Photograph from files of the Archives, Division of Archives and History,
Raleigh.)
94"North Carolina Libraries
tion effort. The task of adding imprints of the
1820s to the edited entries of the 1801-1820
period evidently was not complete when the HRS
stopped functioning in April 1942. Dr. Crittenden
in July 1942 told Sargent B. Child, Luther EvansTs
successor as director of the HRS, that M.A. Rush-
ton, Jr., had decided to finish the editorial work as
a personal project: oWe expect to publish this
material in THE NORTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL
REVIEW, probably in four instalments, and we
will be able to pay him enough to buy him a few
pairs of shoes.�4° RushtonTs work never appeared.
Through its participation in the American
Imprints Inventory, North Carolina contributed
to the creation of a national bibliography that,
under ideal circumstances, would have been use-
ful to librarians, bibliographers, and historians.
Just as McMurtrieTs goals never were fully
realized, however, the inventory in North Carolina
proved to be only partially successful. Although it
provided employment for jobless workers hurt by
the depression and brought to light interesting
and rare publications, the project failed to pro-
duce a tangible contribution to the field of bibliog-
raphy. The realization in North Carolina of
McMurtrieTs goal of a printed guide to early
imprints awaited the subsequent efforts of such
dedicated individuals as Mary Lindsay Thorn-
ton,**
Notes
1. Originally the publication date limits extended through 1820
for the states along the East Coast, 1840 for such states as Ohio
and Kentucky, 1850 for midwestern states, and 1890 for some
states in the Rocky Mountain region and western plains. By 1939
sufficient resources existed to extend publication date limits to
1876 for states with earlier end dates. American Imprints Inven-
tory, Manual of Procedure, 5th ed. (Chicago: The Historical
Records Survey, 1939), 5, hereinafter cited as Manual of Proce-
dure.
2. It should be noted, however, that the North Carolina Library
Commission and the North Carolina Department of Public
Instruction sponsored the North Carolina WPA Library Project.
Between 1935 and 1942 this organization utilized hundreds of
workers to strengthen existing libraries and to expand library
Service. For a complete discussion of the project, see Elaine Von
Oesen, oPublic Library Service in North Carolina and the W.P.A.�
(M.A. Thesis, University of North Carolina, 1951).
3. David L. Smiley, oThe W.P.A. Historical Records Survey,� in In
Support of Clio: Essays in Memory of Herbert A. Kellar, ed.
William B. Hesseltine and Donald R. McNeil (Madison: State His-
torical Society of Wisconsin, 1958), 3-28, hereinafter cited as
Smiley, oW.P.A. Historical Records Survey.�
4. The American Antiquarian Society eventually achieved
EvansTs goal of extending the coverage through 1800. Herbert R.
Kellar, oDouglas Crawford McMurtrie: Historian of Printing and
Bibliographer,� in Douglas C. McMurtrie: Bibliographer and
Historian of Printing, comp. Scott Bruntjen and Melissa L.
Young (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1979), 9, hereinafter
cited as Kellar, oDouglas Crawford McMurtrie�, hereinafter the
book will be cited as Bruntjen and Young, Douglas C. McMurtrie.
5. Manual of Procedure, 1-3; Kellar, oDouglas Crawford McMur-
trie,� 9,
6. Manual of Procedure, 1-5. Work with early newspapers was
undertaken in some states. Don Farran, oAmerican Imprints
Inventory"Final Report,� 1 May 1942, in Sargent B. Child,
oWhat is Past is PrologueT: The Historical Records Survey,� 23
June 1942, mimeographed speech in Department of Archives
and History, Director, General Correspondence, Box 151,
Archives, Division of Archives and History, Raleigh, hereinafter
cited as oAmerican Imprints Inventory"Final Report�; herein-
after the record group will be cited as Director's Correspon-
dence.
7. McMurtrie (1888-1944), the son of William and Helen Doug-
lass McMurtrie, was born in Belmar, New Jersey. He studied
engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology before
embarking on his colorful career, which included work for such
organizations as the Pittsburgh Typhoid Fever Commission,
American Journal of Care for Cripples, and Federation of
Associations for Cripples. A huge man who possessed tremend-
ous energy, McMurtrie was noted for his striking appearance
and productivity. Kellar, oDouglas Crawford McMurtrie,� 1-23.
8. Kellar, oDouglas Crawford McMurtrie,� 9-10; oAmerican
Imprints Inventory"Final Report.�
9. Kellar, oDouglas Crawford McMurtrie,� 11. For a complete bib-
liography of McMurtrieTs publications, see Bruntjen and Young,
Douglas C. McMurtrie, 142-204.
10. Kellar, oDouglas Crawford McMurtrie,� 10; oAmerican Im-
prints Inventory"Final Report�; Sargent B. Child to Douglas C.
McMurtrie, 20 February 1941, Director's Correspondence, box
138. For examples of check lists, see American Imprints Inven-
tory No. 14, A Check List of West Virginia Imprints, 1791-1830
(Chicago: The WPA Historical Records Survey Project, 1940) and
American Imprints Inventory No. 23. A Check List of Wisconsin
Imprints, 1833-1849 (Madison: The Wisconsin Historical Rec-
ords Survey, 1942).
11. Kellar, oDouglas Crawford McMurtrie,� 11; oAmerican Im-
prints Inventory"Final Report.� The check lists, which were
mimeographed, varied in size depending on a variety of factors,
including the stateTs or localityTs printing history.
12. Smiley, oW.P.A. Historical Records Survey,� 23; Bruntjen and
Young, Douglas C. McMurtrie, xi; Kellar, oDouglas Crawford
McMurtrie,� 10. It is important to note, however, that scores of
Catholic University masterTs theses, the National Union Catalog,
a continuing series of check lists initiated in 1958 by Ralph Shaw
and Richard Shoemaker, and other projects have relied heavily
on McMurtrieTs pioneer efforts. Bruntjen and Young, Douglas C.
McMurtrie, xi-xii.
13. Siateenth Biennial Report of the North Carolina Historical
Commission July 1, 1934, to June 30, 1936 (Raleigh: North Caro-
lina Historical Commission, 1936), 27, hereinafter cited as
Commission Biennial Report, with appropriate dates; Commis-
sion Biennial Report, 1936-1938, 32-33; North Carolina Histori-
cal Records Survey, A Souvenir of the North Carolina Historical
Records Survey Project ({Raleigh]: North Carolina Historical
Commission, 1940), [1], hereinafter cited as Souvenir.
14, H.G. Jones, For HistoryTs Sake: The Preservation and Publi-
cation of North Carolina History 1663-1903 (Chapel Hill: The
University of North Carolina Press, 1966), 272-282, hereinafter
cited as Jones, For HistoryTs Sake. The General Assembly in 1907
expanded the role of the commission and provided for a full-
time secretary. Robert Digges Wimberly Connor, an early advo-
cate of the commission and later the first archivist of the United
States, was elected secretary. Connor earlier had stated that
oThe real work [of the commission] lies in collecting, transcrib-
ing and editing original sources.� Jones, For HistoryTs Sake, 281-
282.
15. Charles Christopher Crittenden (1 December 1902-13
October 1969), a native of Wake Forest, N.C., received a Ph.D.
from Yale University in 1930. He headed the N.C. Historical
Commission (renamed North Carolina Department of Archives
and History in 1943) until 1968, with the exception of the years
1985 Summer"95
1946-1947. Crittenden emphasized programs for the people and
instituted sound records management policies at the state
archives. He was a founding member and president (1946-1948)
of the Society of American Archivists and was instrumental in
the creation of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. He
edited the North Carolina Historical Review for many years
and served on the National Advisory Committee of the Historical
Records Survey. Crittenden briefly directed the Survey of Fed-
eral Archives in North Carolina. H.G. Jones, oCharles Chris-
topher Crittenden,� in Dictionary of North Carolina Biography,
ed. William S. Powell (Chapel Hill: The University of North Caro-
lina Press [projected multi-volume series, 1979- ]), 1:461-462;
C.C. Crittenden to Sargent B. Child, 25 May 1942, DirectorTs Cor-
respondence, box 151).
16. Mattie Erma E. Parker to Maurice C. York, 2 January 1981,
in possession of the author. Miss Mattie Erma Edwards, who had
been collector for the Hall of History located at the Historical
Commission, served beginning in February 1936 as assistant
regional director of the Survey of Federal Archives, a project
directed by Dr. Philip May Hamer of the National Archives. Dr.
Crittenden supervised Edwards's work, Commission Biennial
Report, 1934-1936, 26. The Historical Commission occupied the
second floor of the new State Administration Building on Mor-
gan Street in 1914. When the HRS began, these quarters were
inadequate, but it was not until 1939 that the commission
moved to more spacious facilities in the Education Building. The
offices of the HRS had been moved to rented rooms prior to that
time. Henry S. Stroupe, oThe North Carolina Department of
Archives and History"the First Half Century,� North Carolina
Historical Review 31 (April 1954): 190, 197; Dan Lacy to Mau-
rice C. York, 15 December 1980, in possession of the author.
17. Lacy to York, 15 December 1980; Commission Biennial
Report, 1934-1936, 27; Commission Biennial Report, 1936-1938,
33. Lacy lived in Rocky Mount, N.C., though he had been born in
Newport News, Va., on 28 February 1914. He completed the M.A.
in history at the University of North Carolina in 1935 under the
direction of Dr. Crittenden and served as instructor at the uni-
versity until 1935. Lacy was assistant to the national director of
the HRS in 1940-1941. Later he held major positions at the
National Archives (1942-1947), the Library of Congress (1947-
1951), and the American Book Publishers Council (1953-1966).
Since 1966 he has held various positions with McGraw-Hill, Inc.
(Who's Who in America, 1980-1981, 41st ed., 2 vols. (Chicago:
Marquis WhoTs Who, 1980), 2:1,925.
18. C. C. Crittenden, oThe Historical Records Survey: Problems
and Accomplishments,� 21 December 1936, typescript, Direc-
torTs Correspondence, box 111; oTentative Plans for Publication
of Results of the Historical Records Survey in North Carolina,� 17
August 1936, typescript, DirectorTs Correspondence, box 108;
Crittenden to Sargent B. Child, 25 May 1942, Director's Corres-
pondence, box 151; Lacy to York, 15 December 1980; Charles
Christopher Crittenden and Dan Lacy, eds., The Historical
Records of North Carolina. Volume I: The County Records,
Alamance through Columbus (Raleigh: North Carolina Histori-
cal Commission, 1938), 12.
19. Commission Biennial Report, 1936-1938, 37: oNorth Caro-
lina Historical Records Survey List of Publications,� appended to
List of the Papeles Procedentes de Cuba (Cuban Papers) in the
Archives of the North Carolina Historical Commission (Raleigh:
North Carolina Historical Records Survey, June 1942). Herein-
after, this list will be cited as oHistorical Records Survey Publica-
tions.� Crittenden noted in the minutes of the Historical
Commission that North Carolina was the first state to complete
its inventory of county archives and that the effort had received
considerable praise. Francis Samuel Philbrick, a professor of law
at the University of Pennsylvania and the originator of the idea
for a nationwide surveyof state and local archives by relief
workers, told Crittenden that North Carolina's performance on
the HRS projects was ocertainly more impressive than that of
96"North Carolina Libraries
any other state.� Minutes of the North Carolina Historical Com-
mission, 25 September 1939, Archives, Division of Archives and
History; Francis S. Philbrick to Crittenden, 13 January 1940,
DirectorTs Correspondence, box 132; Smiley, oW.P.A. Historical
Records Survey,� 5-6.
20. oHistorical Records Survey Publications.�
21. Crittenden to May E. Campbell, 5 May 1939, Director's Cor-
respondence, box 126.
22. Crittenden to McMurtrie, 19 May 1937, Work Projects
Administration, American Imprints Inventory, Agency Central
Office (N.C.), microfilm reel 4945, National Archives, Washing-
ton, D.C., hereinafter cited as AII Central Office Microfilm, with
appropriate reel number. McMurtrieTs work appeared in the
North Carolina Historical Review in 1933 and 1936. Douglas C.
McMurtrie, oThe First Twelve Years of Printing in North Caro-
lina, 1749-1760,� North Carolina Historical Review 10 (July
1933): [214]-234; Douglas Crawford McMurtrie, oA Bibilography
of North Carolina Imprints, 1761-1800,� North Carolina Histor-
ical Review 13 (January 1936): 47-86; (April 1936): 143-166;
(July 1936): 219-254.
23. Crittenden to McMurtrie, 19 May 1937, reel 4945, AII Cen-
tral Office Microfilm. Letters of 1937 and 1938 reveal that Lacy
corresponded with McMurtrie and supervised the inventory. By
April 1938 the N.C. inventory included books published through
1876. Lacy to McMurtrie, 28 April 1938, reel 4945, All Central
Office Microfilm.
24. Owing to LacyTs hospitalization for a time prior to mid-June
1938, Marcus A. Rushton, Jr., assumed these duties. By May
1940, a month after Lacy resigned as state supervisor, Rushton
had undertaken immediate supervision of the project. Colbert F.
Crutchfield, who succeeded Lacy as state supervisor, accepted
the responsibility of cooperating with the Chicago office of the
inventory. Lacy to McMurtrie, 17 June 1938, reel 4945, AII Cen-
tral Office Microfilm; Lacy to Crittenden, 14 June 1938, Direc-
torTs Correspondence, box 123; Commission Biennial Report,
1938-1940, 38; Souvenir, 10-12.
25. Lacy to McMurtrie, 26 May 1937, ey 4945, AII Central
Office Microfilm; Lacy to York, 15 December 1980.
26. Lacy to MeMurtrie, 26 August 1937, 11 October 1937, 4 Jan-
uary 1938, reel 4945, AII Central Office Microfilm; Lacy to
Luther H. Evans, 9 November 1937, reel 4945, AII Central Office
Microfilm. Burch, who held the M.S. degree from North Carolina
State College, later was instrumental in compiling the guide to
manuscripts located at the Duke University Library. Sowvenir;
Crittenden to Evans, 20 July 1938, Director's Correspondence,
box 123.
27. McMurtrie to Viola S. Burch, [18?] January 1938; Burch to
McMurtrie, 18 January 1938, reel 4945, AII Central Office Micro-
film. Lacy had to contend with the foundationTs director, Dr.
Samuel Mills Tenney, who constantly worried that Mrs. Burch
would not have time accurately to reflect the quality of the
collection. Lacy told McMurtrie that oDr. TenneyTs letters are
always a trifle acidulous, but his bark is much worse than his
bite.� Lacy to McMurtrie, 21, 24 January 1938, reel 4945, AIl
Central Office Microfilm.
28. Lacy to Irene Best, ([8?] March 1938, reel 4945, AII Central
Office Microfilm. Lacy had Mrs. Best type appropriate catalog
card entries on half sheets of typing paper. If they were deemed
important, imprint slips were filled out and sent to Chicago.
Lacy to McMurtrie, 10, 23 March 1938, reel 4945, AII Central
Office Microfilm.
29. Lacy to Adelaide L. Fries, 17 November 1937, Director's Cor-
respondence, box 117; Douglas C. McMurtrie, Eighteenth Cen-
tury North Carolina Imprints 1749-1800 (Chapel Hill: The
University of North Carolina Press, 1938), [20]. McMurtrie con-
sidered the New Bern publication so important that he
reprinted it. The Proceedings of the Revolutionary Committee of
the Town of Newbern, North Carolina, 1775 (Chicago: Chicago
School of Printing, 1938).
30. Colbert F. Crutchfield to McMurtrie, 12 November 1938, reel
4945, All Central Office Microfilm, oThe Historical Records Sur-
vey Program in North Carolina: A Brief Outline,� after 4 March
1940, mimeograph, Director's Correspondence, box 132. Crutch-
field at this time was technical director of the HRS in Raleigh.
31. Parker to York, 2 January 1981; Lacy to York, 15 December
1980.
32. Crittenden to May E. Campbell, 19 July 1937, DirectorTs Cor-
respondence, box 117. It is interesting to note that both Mrs.
Campbell, state director of WomenTs and Professional Projects,
and Dr. Luther H. Evans advised Crittenden that, despite his
resignation, they would expect him to offer suggestions and guid-
ance, Even Crittenden admitted that the work of the Historical
Commission and the HRS could not be divorced. Campbell to
Crittenden, 23 July 1937, Director's Correspondence, box 117;
Evans to Crittenden, 25 June 1937, DirectorTs Correspondence,
box 114.
33. Lacy to McMurtrie, 7 June 1937, 17 June 1938, 8 September
1939, reel 4945, AII Central Office Microfilm; McMurtrie to Lacy,
11 June 1937, reel 4945, AI Central Office Microfilm; Crutch-
field to Crittenden, 28 August 1940, enclosed in Crittenden to
J.J. Lund, 31 August 1940, Director's Correspondence, box 135.
34. In August 1939 federal WPA projects ceased to exist on a
national level, but many of them, including the HRS, continued
as local efforts in the states. The national office of the HRS
continued the work of maintaining editorial standards of the
varied publications of the survey, and the Illinois office of the
HRS maintained the central imprint files. In September 1939 the
North Carolina Historical Commission became the legal sponsor
of the North Carolina Historical Records Survey Project. Funds
were obtained from the State WPA headquarters rather than
from Washington. Smiley, oW.P.A. Historical Records Survey,� 22-
23; Dan Lacy to Maurice C. York, 19 August 1981, in possession
of the author.
35. Correspondence reflecting the nature of the inventory work
between 1939 and 1941 may be found in reel 4945, AII Central
Office Microfilm. For AII records pertaining to the type and
number of imprint slips sent from Raleigh to Chicago on a regu-
lar basis, see reels 4941 and 4943, AII Central Office Microfilm.
McMurtrie informed his colleagues that the Union Catalog of the
Library of Congress did not assign locational symbols for very
small libraries, including those located in schools, courthouses,
and churches. McMurtrie to M.A. Rushton, [23?] May 1939;
McMurtrie to Lacy, 31 October 1939, reel 4945, All Central
Office Microfilm.
36. Crutchfield to Crittenden, 28 August 1940, enclosed in Crit-
tenden to J.J. Lund, 31 August 1940, DirectorTs Correspondence,
box 135; oHistorical Records Survey Report on Status of Files,�
10 April 1942, typescript, enclosed in C.C. McGinnis and May E.
Campbell to Florence Kerr, 2 June 1942, Director's Correspon-
dence, box 151; Commission Biennial Report, 1940-1942, 43.
Rushton succeeded Crutchfield as state supervisor of the HRS in
December 1941. Inventory of the State Archives of North Caro-
lina. Series I. General Governmental Agencies. No. 7, State
Planning Board (Raleigh: North Carolina Historical Records
Survey, March 1942), [iv].
37. Lacy to McGinnis, 9 July 1941, Records of the Work Projects
Administration, Record Group 69, Historical Records Survey
(N.C.), file 651.355, National Archives, Washington, D.C., herein-
after cited as Record Group 69; Thomas R. Hall to Campbell, 1
August 1941, reel 4945, AII Central Office Microfilm; Child to
ee 20 February 1941, DirectorTs Correspondence, box
8.
38. Child to McGinnis, 11, 17, 19 September 1941, Record Group
69; Campbell to Hall, 3 October, 4, 12 December 1941, reel 4945,
AII Central Office Microfilm; list of imprint slips sent to North
Carolina, 1 August 1941-31 December 1941, reel 4945, AII Cen-
tral Office Microfilm; memorandum of Winifred Schlosser to D.J.
Mitchell, 19 February 1942, reel 4946, AII Central Office Micro-
film.
39. ThorntonTs useful bibliography was published in 1954. Mary
Lindsay Thornton to Luther H. Evans, 7 December 1938, reel
4945, AII Central Office Microfilm; Child to McGinnis, 16 August
1941, Record Group 69; Campbell to Hall, 4 December 1941, reel
4945, All Central Office Microfilm; Mary Lindsay Thornton,
comp., Official Publications of the Colony and State of North
Carolina 1749-1939: A Bibliography (Chapel Hill: The Univer-
sity of North Carolina Press, 1954), x. The publication differed in
scope and content from the most comprehensive check lists
published by the American Imprints Inventory. The work
represented primarily titles from the collections at the Univer-
sity of North Carolina, Duke University, the State Library, the
State College of Agriculture and Engineering at Raleigh, and the
WomanTs College of the University of Greensboro, although some
of the titles were culled from Miss ThorntonTs own research
notes, a complete file of the printed cards of the Library of
Congress, The Monthly List of State Publications, and published
bibliographies by R.R. Bowker and McMurtrie (a total of eighteen
libraries or repositories held copies of imprints listed in Thorn-
tonTs bibliography). rhe book was arranged alphabetically
rather than chronologically. The broad time period represented
in Thornton's work precluded the inclusion of transcriptions of
title pages such as were used in some ATI check listsT oStyle A�
descriptions. Finally, ThorntonTs bibliography lacked some of the
indexes found in most check lists.
40. Smiley, oW.P.A. Historical Records Survey,� 23; Crittenden to
Child, 22 July 1942, DirectorTs Correspondence, box 151.
41. In addition to her bibliography of official publications, Miss
Thornton published a bibliography of general North Caroliniana.
Although not comprehensive, the volume lists works about
North Carolina as well as periodicals published in North Caro-
lina and works written by North Carolinians. Mary Lindsay
Thornton, A Bibliography of. North Carolina 1589-1956 (Chapel
Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1958).
FOREIGN BOOKS
and PERIODICALS
CURRENT OR OUT-OF-PRINT
SPECIALTIES:
Building Special Collections
ALBERT J. PHIEBIG INC.
Box 352, White Plains, N..Y. 10602
1985 Summer"97
oNorth Carolina Archival Program"
A Tradition of ExcellenceT:
Edited by Morgan J. Barclay
During the first seventy years of this century,
North Carolinians dominated national archival
leadership. A portion of this leadership can be
attributed to Houston Gwynne Jones, historian,
state archivist (1956-1968), director of the North
Carolina Department of Archives and History
(1968-1974), and author. The North Carolina
program won the first Distinguished Service
Award of the Society of American Archivists in
1964. Under JonesTs leadership, North Carolina
developed the largest and most comprehensive
archival and records management program
among the state archival programs.
Jones has written extensively on archival
subjects and North Carolina history. He is the only
individual to win the Society of American Archi-
vistTs Waldo Gifford Leland Prize twice for the best
American book on archival history, theory, and
practice (For HistoryTs Sake, published in 1966,
and Local Government Records, published in
1980). His latest volume, North Carolina Illus-
trated, published in 1983, won the William R.
Davie Award of The Sons of the American Revolu-
tion for its contribution to early American history.
Dr. Jones received his Ph.D. from Duke Uni-
versity and currently is the curator of the North
Carolina Collection at the University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill.
The following pages contain an edited infor-
mal oral history interview conducted on 8 March
1985, at the Wilson Library in Chapel Hill. The
interview focused on the development of the
Department of Archives and History and on the
contributions of this valuable institution to the
state. It is hoped that the interview will foster
further understanding between archivists and
librarians.
Questions to Dr. Jones are in italics. Words
added for clarity by the editor are contained in
brackets. The editor minimized language changes
in the hope that the dynamic personality of H. G.
Jones can be sensed.
Morgan J. Barclay is University Archivist at East Carolina
University in Greenville.
98"North Carolina Libraries
Dr. Jones, I'd like to begin by spending a
couple of minutes having you talk about your
rural roots, which obviously played an impor-
tant part in your life; and you refer to them in
your writings often.
I suppose anyone is shaped by his or her
roots. Of the many good fortunes that I've had, I
think that perhaps ITm proudest of the fact that I
did come out of a rural setting"in particular, that
I grew up on a tenant farm where I worked side
by side with whites and blacks. I was never
ashamed of growing up during the depression.
One of the things that I canTt quite understand is
how today people look upon poverty as being
something to be ashamed of. I was never ashamed
of it, and looking back on it ITm really proud
because I think it gave me a sense of mission to
climb above it that otherwise perhaps I would
never have needed to learn.
Looking back, I can see that there was a suc-
cession of good fortunes. For instance, I went to a
little country school where there were books, a
whole room full of books. Of course, there wasnTt a
book in our house except a paperback Bible
which, as I recall, was very seldom used because
as I was growing up my family did not go to
church.
It was back there that I became acquainted
with books and discovered that there was a whole
world that I couldn't see in Caswell County, but I
could see it through words.
I_had a fourth grade teacher who was the
great granddaughter of Bedford Brown, who was
a United States senator from North Carolina from
1829 to 1840. She lived in his home over across
the creek on the paved road. They even had elec-
tric power over there; they didnTt have a tele-
phone but they had electric power and paved
roads. I recall going past that house, and it was
Miss Mary Brown that I think really awakened in
me an interest in history, because I knew that this
man who had fought secession had lived and that
his grave was out there under those boxwoods.
Miss Mary used to roll a pencil in her hand and
say, oAn idle brain is the DevilTs workshop.� I was
scared to death of her because she was a hard
teacher, but she did teach me a lot.
You mentioned going to high school in Cas-
well County and there being introduced to books.
Is that where you first began the love of writing,
too?
I recall that when I was in about the first or
second grade one of my classmates was killed by
an automobile and I along with other classmates
was a flower bearer at his funeral. I remember
two things about that. First of all they told me
later that I never took off that little cap I was
wearing. Secondly, the obituary in the Danville
Register carried the list of the flower bearers, and
I saw my name in print for the first time. That did
something, and I donTt know whether that
accounts for my interest in writing, but to see that
in print had a tremendous influence on me. There
was a fascination with seeing my words, not
necessarily my name, in print.
I decided I had to go to college and, of course,
I had no way to go to college until an uncle, who
had gone off to Ohio and worked in the steel mills,
told me that he would lend me some money. Sol
borrowed fifty dollars from him and was given a
job pressing pants up at Banner Elk at Lees-
McRae College in the summer so I could earn some
money to go to school that fall.
I accomplished two things at age seventeen. I
got away from that farm because I didn't like that
hard work. I mean planting, suckering, topping,
and pulling tobacco and hoeing corn and that
sort of thing. I did it, but I didnTt like it, and I knew
there was an easier way. So thatTs the way I got off
to college.
Then the war came along, and I joined the
navy. The navy opened up the world to me
because I was able to travel and I was also able to
save money with which to go to college. When I
returned in 1946 with the G.I. bill and money that
I'd saved out of my navy pay, I could go to any
university in the country because in those days
you could get into any university. I narrowed it to
two schools, and I'll never understand why it was
those two schools. One was Washington and Lee
University where all the students wore shirts and
ties and a coat, which was completely out of
character for a tenant farm boy, and second,
Appalachian, which was just down the mountain
from Lees-McRae, because I loved those moun-
tains. I chose Appalachian. It was a good school
and I learned a great deal.
For two summers I went off to New York Uni-
versity to do graduate work, and there again was
a further broadening experience, proving that I
could really do the quality of work that I felt
would be necessary for a doctorate. I was going to
get my Ph.D. at NYU until my major professor and
I were talking one day. He had gotten the first
Ph.D. degree in history from Duke University, and
I was writing on sectionalism in North Carolina. I
said, oDr. Flanders, does it seem kind of odd that
here I am up here in Greenwich Village, going to
NYU, writing a dissertation on a subject for which
all of my sources are down in North Carolina?� He
thought for a moment and said, oYes, I guess it is.�
We talked about it, and I said, oSuppose you had
the opportunity to go to Duke"yourTre the first
history Ph.D. from there"and University of North
Carolina. Now I would expect you to be preju-
diced, but which one would you choose?� He
paused for a minute and said, oLet me put it this
way: I have never known anybody who went to
Duke who didnTt like it. I have never known any-
body who went to Chapel Hill and didn't love it.�
Well, I applied to both; Duke offered me money,
and I went there.
When you became state archivist in 1956,
North Carolinians had dominated national
archival leadership for over a half a century.
Maybe you could address your thoughts as to why
North Carolina provided this leadership.
It was a leader because of the individuals
involved. R. D. W. Connor was a remarkable indi-
vidual. He had come on the scene when the histor-
ical commission was first organized in 1903 as a
young man. As I get older I can appreciate more
and more the energy that can be unleashed at any
age, but particularly among the young who see a
job that needs to be done and want to be a part of
accomplishing that job. R. D. W. Connor came to
that position knowing nothing about what it
involved. He knew nothing about archives. He
simply knew some history and had been a princi-
pal of aschool, but here he was thrown into anew
organization, one that followed by only two or
three years the very first department of archives
and history among the states of the union.
In reviewing his correspondence in the early
years, particularly 1905-1907, I found that Con-
nor was asking for viewpoints from other people
such as Thomas M. Owen in Alabama and Dunbar
Rowland in Mississippi, listening to advice, and
attending the professional meetings. He was look-
ing at what other people were trying to do, but he
was framing his own ideas of how he wanted the
North Carolina program to go. He made some
starts that he later changed in direction. An
example is the local records program. He origi-
nally didnTt want to bring any of the county
records to Raleigh. He wanted them to be kept
properly in the counties. Eventually he discovered
that it wasnTt possible at the time because of the
1985 Summer"99
turnover in personnel, because of the lack of facil-
ities at the local level, and so he yielded to the
centralization of local records.
Connor was a pioneer in that there weren't
other programs to model things after. He was
succeeded in 1921 by Robert B. House, who was
chancellor here at the University of North Caro-
lina much later. House didnTt stay long and then
Albert Ray Newsome, who also had been a profes-
sor here at the university, came over; and New-
some also had a lot of energetic ideas. Perhaps his
greatest contribution was in chairing the commit-
tee and writing the so-called model archival legis-
lation back in the early 1930s. In 1935, just before
he returned to the university, he succeeded in get-
ting much of that model legislation through the
North Carolina legislature, and the Public Records
Act of 1935 becomes another key to our tradition
in this day. He was able to put into effect one of
the best basic public records acts in the nation.'
oWe had, by then, a tradition,
and that is the key to the suc-
cess of an organization.�
a
So, we have Connor, we have Newsome, we
have the law in 1935, and then a young professor
from Chapel Hill sort of trades places with New-
some. Christopher Crittenden went to Raleigh
and took over archives and history. Here again
was a young man with tremendous energy, a scho-
lar, and yet someone who could visit legislators,
visit local officials, and be right at home with
them. Crittenden had tremendous energy, and itTs
under him that the programs you mention"such
as the beginning of records administration as it
was called then, the beginning and building of the
records center, the beginning of the central
microfilm program, and so forth"started.
Now when I came in 1956 I remember I had
no training in archives administration. I was
simply a researcher and a historian. I came into a
situation that made me think at first that nothing
had ever happened. You know one of my favorite
sayings is, oAll progress begins when a new crowd
takes over.� The only thing we had going was the
records center, the central microfilm unit, and
the inventorying and scheduling of state records.
The archives was standing still, it appeared. My
predecessor had worked under terrible circum-
stances"even the air conditioning that brought
air into the stacks hadnTt worked for several
years. The first thing I did was to start cleaning
house, and our staff started wiping the soot from
the materials in the archives, and we did that
100"North Carolina Libraries
ourselves.
When I began studying, I got excited over
what had been done. A lot had been done. We had,
by then, a tradition, and that is a key to the suc-
cess of an organization. If you can build a tradi-
tion, then itTs rather unlikely that you are going to
get someone to take it over who will look at the
job as a sinecure, something just to relax at,
because he or she knows that that person is going
to be measured by the predecessor.
I sat behind that old desk on which Crit-
tenden had some things piled up, and he left and
came back in a few minutes with a big stack of
budget books. He dropped them on the desk"this
was the fifteenth or sixteenth of June"and he
said, oYou'll need to have your biennial budget
ready in fifteen days.� I didnTt even know what a
budget was. But this was great training because I
was thrown right into it. He knew what he was
doing. But the point I want to make is that Crit-
tenden said, oItTs yours.� In effect he was telling
me, oThis is your division and itTs going to rise or
fall with you.� He would be there for advice, but he
wasnTt going to be involved in the running of it. So
there again one feels the opportunity, and I knew
that I could get credit for it or I could get blame
for it. I wasnTt going to be able to blame him for my
failure, and he wasnTt going to try to take the
credit. He operated that way with the various divi-
sions. So he had great influence on all of us
because of that sense. He wanted his staff, his
division heads, to develop their programs, which
is why we had a carte blanche to build, and there-
fore, I could go directly to the legislature and
work with the legislators and make my own con-
tacts.
I immediatley got involved. I visited state
archives in Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky,
Ohio, and Illinois. Some state archives were
advanced in certain areas. ITm not above stealing
ideas and wherever I saw a good idea, I liked to
try and bring it back and incorporate it in some
way. I also went off to Washington and attended
Dr. Ted SchellenbergTs archival training program
for the National Archives. That put me in touch
again with colleagues around the country and
made me aware of the broader implications of
what I was doing"that we were doing something
that was not completely isolated down here in
North Carolina. I met a lot of people with the
National Archives.
I'd like to discuss some of the major pro-
grams that were developed while you were the
state archivist and director of the department.
Probably one of the programs that you were
proudest of was the local records program.
That is the most spectacular one. But ITm
really proudest in those early years in getting to
know legislators and finding that they didnTt need
much selling on archives. All they needed to know
was, What does that mean? Just take them over
and show them around, pull out manuscripts and
say, oThis is it. That is the only copy.� I discovered
that almost any legislator can get excited over
original documents. If I had a osecret,� it was in
discovering that I could influence the people who
made the decisions. I could influence a governor
or a legislator by using the documents themselves.
Terry Sanford, for instance; taking him through
the archives, showing him the steam pipes. Let
him feel the hot pipes that are drying up all the
original legislative papers going back into the
early 1700s and some of them the 1600s. And here
is the governor saying, oHow can this be? How can
North Carolina allow this?� So we got a new build-
ing out of that.
Over in the budget division was a fellow
named Charles Holloman. Charlie later became
the state budget officer. Charles is a local histo-
rian and genealogist, and he spent his coffee
breaks and lunch hour over in the archives. I
began seeing the excitement that he had, and so
he and I hatched a few plans. ITd been at Duke
and had had a carrel in the stacks on the floor
with most of the newspapers. I would leave in the
This 1969 photograph shows a rear view of the recently completed Archives and History/State Library building. Christopher
evening and see these pieces of newspaper all
over the floor. The next morning I would come in
and it would be clean and I just wondered where
all that newsprint had gone. Obviously it had been
swept up. It was gone. So nobody was doing any-
thing about the newspapers, and it was with
Charlie that we hatched up a little plan by getting
several legislators, including the Speaker of the
House, to come over and take a look and propose
a program. We were able to get that newspaper
microfilming program going without a special bill.
We got it through the budget process, because the
Speaker of the House was behind it, and we had
been able to show him what the state was losing.
Since 1959, my state has spent $5 million of
our tax funds for the local records program alone.
We have solved most of the problems of the early
county records. Why donTt other states begin? No
state has developed a program like that even to
this day; no state is attempting to develop one,
and I donTt understand why. ItTs so easy. All you
have to do is to osell� your local officials on the
idea that you can help them and that you share a
responsibility for assuring the preservation of the
public records of the state"ITm referring to local
public records. And they then came to the legisla-
ture. It was a delightful thing for me to sit back
and let them carry the battle in the appropria-
tions committee. Let them send the telegrams
Crittenden stands in the foreground. (Photograph from files of the Archives, Division of Archives and History, Raleigh.)
1985 Summer"101
from their annual meetings and sit back and say,
oThatTs an excellent idea and weTd be glad to do it
if you want us to.� Of course, previously, we'd
worked out the program down to the last detail.
ITm assuming when you work on a regular
basis with legislators that as they saw the pro-
gram develop"the local records program making
a large dent and finally microfilming all the
papers up through 1 900"they obviously reacted
positively to the whole program, and you were
able to build on your successes. It is part of this
North Carolina character you are talking about?
It is their program. Let me give you an exam-
ple. The night before last I was within two people
of Governor Martin in the receiving line in the
mansion. Behind me was Senator John Jordan
and his wife. And it just occurred to me to say, oBy
the way John, I just finished sending off an article
in which I made reference to Senate Bill 101.�
John said, oThat was my bill!� In 1959 he had been
the prime senate sponsor of that bill. He remem-
bers it by number. He was one of the fathers of
that program.�
The program must have developed tre-
mendous rapport between units and the State
Archives over a period of time; it was not a pro-
ject completed over night.
Oh, no. ItTs still going on, as a matter of fact
and will continue to go on. But what it has
accomplished is to get control of that tremendous
mass of records that inhibit so many archivists
today from even tackling it. We had three
hundred years of records to take care of. You see,
back in those days, 1959-1960, technology had
reached little beyond microfilm, so in those days
microfilm was the latest thing. That is what the
computer is today. And there were those who
thought microfilm would solve everything. But we
knew that it was expensive to microfilm and that
certain things didnTt need to be microfilmed. But
we used that as an angle to preserve the security
of the records. I knew that if we could get control
of that mass"a hundred counties in this state
and hundreds and hundreds of municipalities"
and take care of things from that time back, then
no matter what technology came along we'd be
prepared to meet it. But as long as that backlog
stares one in the face, and we see it in every state
in the union who hasnTt done something about it,
so long as that backlog is there it inhibits them.
In this period of twenty-five years we had
gotten control of the backlog. And if I have a half
dozen criticisms of my successor archivists
around the country, the first one is that they must
be willing to plan continuing programs that wonTt
necessarily capture headlines as they gradually
102"North Carolina Libraries
achieve. Second, when they come into a position,
the most important thing is not to tear up every-
thing and start everything over"re-invent the
wheel"but to carry on without interruption
those programs that have been started. I learned
that in connection with the state records pro-
gram. That had already started, it was moving,
and all we had to do was build on it. So frequently
I see people go into positions and they feel that
they must change everything and that it must be
remade into their image. Well, you can do that
over a period of time by simply building onto the
solid programs.
There is something in the North Carolina
character, that thing that one of these days ITm
really going to write something on. There is some-
thing in a North CarolinianTs being that reacts
favorably when something gets favorable notice
from outside. That is maybe in everybody's char-
acter, but I have noticed it here. There are those
who say, oDonTt ever let the legislature know that
you are doing well, because they assume you donTt
need anything else.� North Carolina legislators
donTt react that way. They want to maintain. If
they are proud of something, they will support it
all the more and that leadership that had been
asserted. That tradition has been one of our great-
est allies, because we wouldn't dare let it slow
down.
Another step that you talked about in the
building of the archives program was a major
reorganization and arrangement of the records
The North Carolina archival program won the first Distin-
guished Service Award of the Society of American Archivists
in 1964. H.G. Jones (left) and Christopher Crittenden (right)
view the trophy. (Photograph from files of the Archives, Di-
vision of Archives and History, Raleigh.)
over in the archives in 1957. You mentioned that
in the biennial report, and I was wondering what
that actually meant in more detail.
It meant that we had been very far behind in
arranging the records that were already there.
First of all, I believe that to administer something
a person has to have a feel of the work itself. I do
not believe that one can become oadministrative
archivist� and really do a satisfactory job and get
the satisfaction out of it unless that person has
gotten his hands dirty handling the papers"in
other words, has worked up to it.
So the first thing I assigned myself in the way
of a project was scores and scores of boxes of
unarranged records from Bertie County. These
records had come in the courthouse, and they
were simply separated out into metal boxes, as
many as would go in one box, no reason whatever.
I worked for many months on that one project,
and I can tell you names today that are familiar in
Bertie County. That taught me to respect the
people who do that as a permanent job. I hold
that person [an archivist specializing in arrange-
ment and description] in tremendously high
regard because of the judgment required in archi-
val activity. We had this tremendous backlog of
records, and so first of all we needed to organize
the staff to get that work done. We created the
local records section and also established field
units, Archivists went to the field, inventoried,
and set up the schedules. Microfilmers went out
and operated the microfilm cameras; the docu-
ment restoration people in the lab restored
records brought in from the field. Other archivists
arranged and described what was coming in. That
was how we were able to get on top of the prob-
lem.
Now you never get on top of it, as you know
from experience, particularly when things keep
coming in. But it is a fight that you can never give
up. There again is where some of my colleagues, if
they can't really finish something, tend to give up.
But there are very few things in this world that
you can accomplish once and thatTs it. You have
got to keep after it. So arrangement and descrip-
tion is one of those things you keep struggling
with; otherwise the dam breaks on you.
Dr. Crittenden and I both stole as many ideas
as we could from the National Archives and
Records Service and that, in effect, set the records
management program, as it was beginning to be
called then. So we consciously patterned a
number of our activities after them. For instance,
you may recall that I started a series of archives
information circulars. That was just complete
theft from the National Archives, adapted to our
own use. Special workshops were actually started,
and we invited A. K. Johnson, who was head of
NARS southeastern district in Atlanta, to put
these on for us. He put the first ones on. We held
them over in the old capitol in the old House and
Senate chambers and found that state agencies
were anxious to participate in these correspon-
dence and files workshops. Then by attending and
participating in them, several members of our
own staff became competent to give them, and
then we began publishing our own guides to them.
But this is a good example of how we worked very
closely with the National Archives, and they gave
us great support. A. K. Johnson was perhaps un-
usual as a regional! director in that he enjoyed
working with the states and we made great use of
him.
a
oITm not above stealing ideas
and wherever I saw a good idea,
I liked to try and bring it back
and incorporate it in some
way.�
Leena eee
I'd like to touch on the publications program
in a little more detail than some of the other pro-
grams, because I think it has a more direct link
with the library community. I guess my initial
observation is that the publications that came out
in the late 1950s and 1960s and up through the
1970s had a wide variety of balance among schol-
arly publications, those geared for amateur his-
torians, and those for genealogists. Obviously
these could become and did become helpful tools to
the librarian. Would you like to comment on this?
LetTs divide the publications into two cate-
gories. One, the documentary publications of the
department that started early in the North Caro-
lina Historical CommissionTs history and, then, the
later publications that were more guides to
research that I had more to do with in getting
started.
The documentary publications had a great
history. This was ConnorTs tradition of publishing
the original source materials so that there would
be a wider readership. It is so easy today for us to
forget that before it was so easy to travel, ... of
course, they had automobiles but still it took a
long time from Greenville to Raleigh. It was an
all-day trip. Before the automobile, before micro-
film, before the office copier, you had the original
in a repository or in private hands, and that was
it. To see it you had to go where it was. In those
days it was a matter of its being hidden unless it
1985 Summer"103
was published. So the idea of publishing documen-
taries"that is, actually transcribing and setting
in type the text of original documents"wasnTt
new in North Carolina. It goes all the way back to
the middle of the nineteenth century. Yet, it was
something that Connor saw the need of. Some of
the earlier volumes, for instance, were the papers
of Archibald D. Murphey. Incidentally, they were
given away. It was a state printing, and they were
given away because the purpose was to distribute
them to the libraries of the state and to make
them available to people. Later on we had to start
charging them twenty-five cents for postage. Now
of course they cost you thirty dollars a copy. But
this was a service of the state"the stateTs history
being made available to the people.
If you'll notice, the department has generally
avoided publishing secondary sources. I felt very
strongly and resisted the effort for us to publish
books. That is a university press function. We did
go into the pamphlets because we were trying to
work with the public schools in getting North
Carolina history materials for them. Once you
decide you are going to publish a pamphlet on a
subject you say, oWell, you donTt just want to write
it for the public schools. They can use it if it is
written for the average North Carolinian.� So,
theoretically, they would be popular works. On
the other hand, they had to meet strict scholarly
standards in terms of their accuracy. That
worked vey well, and the pamphlet series put out
by the Department of Archives and History was
widely distributed. The publications program was
based largely on documentaries. Then the North
Carolina Historical Review, which started in
1924, ... there again you asked what accounts for
leadership, nobody dares let that slip. It is one of
the two or three best state journals in the coun-
try.
The archives was a passive repository, used
mainly by a few history students and genealogists.
When I got there, there was nothing but some
mimeographed letters to respond to the people
that wrote in for information. There was just a
mimeographed letter with not even a letterhead
to it that said, in effect, oSorry, we donTt have staff
to help you on this. You are welcome to come to
the archives.� First of all, 1 knew that I wanted to
be more personal, particularly with North Caroli-
nians. You donTt give them just a mimeographed
answer; you respond to them. After all, they pay
your salary. That is an important consideration.
But the other thing was that we had all that
material. It was important stuff, so we started
doing some little leaflets. One of them was on
genealogical research. We did one also on histori-
104"North Carolina Libraries
cal research in the North Carolina Department of
Archives and History. Then as we developed new
programs, we issued leaflets on the newspapers,
local records, and records management pro-
grams. Here again we were building a consti-
tuency by informing the potential constituency.
ThatTs what itTs all about. So if someone wrote in
for genealogical information, it was so easy for me
to type a short letter and refer to the enclosed
leaflet, which was nicely printed with pictures
and this sort of thing.
We realized that we had to have guides for
the people who came to the archives. In 1964 we
were able to get out our new guide to manu-
scripts, which described lots of manuscripts that
no one knew we had. There are a lot of archivesT
publications that have been issued starting in the
1950s to help ease the job cz the archivist to help
educate the public.
oNo state has developed a pro-
gram like [North CarolinaTs micro-
filming program], even to this
day.�
Let me finish discussing publications with the
colonial records project. Dr. Crittenden and I
both held hostages whenever necessary. He and I
wrote the act to create the Tercentenary Com-
mission;? we also wrote the act to create the Con-
federate Centennial Commission. Notice that we
used the word Confederate instead of Civil War;
that was for a reason. And we held those hostage,
and we aren't going to try to get money to re-e-
nact battles, to put on tiptoe dances, to do this or
that unless first something substantive came from
them. In the case of the Tercentenary, it was going
to be a new edition ofthe colonial records. In the
case of theConfederate, it was going tobe a new
roster of North Carolina troops. That is the way
those things got started. ITm proud that we held
them hostage, because these are the things that
are still going on long after all of that other stuff
has been forgotten. The colonial records project is
incomparable in terms of what it is revealing to
us. The Civil War roster is of tremendous interest.
Those started as separate projects with separate
funding and then were incorporated when the
respective commissions went out of business. I
had more trouble with the colonial records proj-
ect, because some of the people in the budget div-
ision were not sympathetic towards it.
I guess it was in 1971, and Tom White was
chairman of the Budget Commission. Senator
Ralph Scott and Senator Lindsay Warren, Jr.,
always good friends of ours, also were on the
Budget Commission. Here we were fighting for the
life of that project [colonial records] and I
remember"itTs the only time ITve ever done this,
but it worked"I said, oOf all of our priorities, this
is tops. Now we know that you might not see the
value in this, and so ITm asking you for one favor.
Just for this one time accept our judgment on it
as being the most important continuing project
that has been cut out.� And there was an interest-
ing reaction. Some people could have been sort of
insulted by that attitude. The reaction, however,
was If itTs all that important, letTs put it back in.
North Carolina IMlustrated was released in
1983 and was obviously a massive undertaking. I
thought maybe you would make a comment about
the volume and how it can be used in the library
environment.
As I explained in the preface, I did that book
over a period of eleven years because no one else
would do it without being paid to do it. There are
things that need to be done, and somebody has to
do them. There had never been an illustrated his-
tory of North Carolina. The pictorial material is
scattered over the world. ItTs an expensive thing
to do, expensive thing to get published, and no
one had been willing to put the time and effort on
it. | wanted to do it for a number Of reasons. First,
it hadn't been done; second, I enjoyed doing it;
and, third, I wanted to bring to the public atten-
tion a vast quantity of the materials available but
that only a few scholars have ever had a reason to
bump into. For the preliminary selection of pho-
tographs, I reviewed hundreds of thousands of
illustrations at the Archives and History in
Raleigh, at Duke, and in more than two hundred
other places around the world.
I'd like to close on a couple of comments on
the age-old question of archival education. It
seems to me that we are seeing more and more
positions in archives that require an M.L.S. as
the academic standard as opposed to the masterTs
degree in history, or sometimes you'll see both.
The Society of American Archivists seems to be
grappling with some type of certification pro-
gram for archivists. What would you like to see as
far as some type of standard archival training or
certification?
I suppose I have some doubts as to certifica-
tion but I have some strong opinions on the ear-
lier part of your questions concerning the type of
training. When a person says the word oarchivist,�
it means whatever the thirteen people in the
room think it means rather than what the person
that said it means"that makes a fourteenth view.
An archivist is so many different things. An archi-
vist is not a librarian; an archivist is a historian.
That makes a big difference. To require a particu-
lar degree does not assure that you are going to
get an archivist. There are very few library schools
that even have an introduction to archives admin-
istration sufficient to orient one to it. Further-
more, the training that a librarian gets is to the
discrete item rather than to the larger collection
level that an archivist deals with. That doesnTt
mean that an archivist doesnTt deal with individ-
ual items; he/she does, but arrangement and de-
scription is so different from cataloging that it
seems to me that in some instances it could be a
disadvantage to a library.
""
oAn archivist is more than a
technician. An archivist is a
person who has to use judg-
ment at all levels.�
"""" ss.
I would rather stress that an archivist is
more than a technician. An archivist is a person
who has to use judgment at all levels. He is dealing
with manuscripts that do not often have, as a
book does, an author or a number of authors. An
archivist, to be successful and to understand the
reasons for what he is doing, must have had expe-
rience in using the types of materials that he is
working on. I still believe, as I argued in 1966
against my old professor, Dr. Ted Schellenberg,
that the proper and most appropriate training of
an archivist is in graduate work in history involv-
ing extensive research in primary source mate-
rials, because those are the materials that the
archivist will be dealing with. Certainly that train-
ing ought to be supplemented by professional
archival education, which is sometimes available
in departments of history, as in the case of the
North Carolina Department of Archives and His-
tory, North Carolina State University, and the
School of Library Science here at Chapel Hill.
I entered this field out of a history back-
ground and my only oprofessional archival train-
ing� came under Dr. Schellenberg, which was then
a four-week course at the National Archives and
American University. Some of the best archivists
I've ever known, though, were historians who
came in and were assigned the very elementary
form of archival work and then progressed and
learned on the job. If I were heading an archival
institution at the present time instead of a library,
I would be looking for people who are essentially
historians but with that graduate history training
1985 Summer"105
supplemented by either experience in an archives
or some academic training in it.
We are probably going to see more and more
programs in archival administration, and ITm
wondering if the people coming out of those pro-
grams are going to get the hard research in pri-
mary sources.
That bothers me. What worries me is that the
research aspect of it can be lost. I think that is
better than the old system where it was so hap-
hazard. It is a real problem.
I'd like to touch on one other area related to
education. There seems to be a growing profes-
sionalization of records management and a
growing number of positions both in private
industry and in government. It seems to be a con-
tinual tension between archivists and records
managers.
Oh yes, we have to have the tension.
What do you feel about the relationship
between the two?
It depends upon the situation. There again
we use the word archivist and there weTre both
probably using it to refer to manuscripts curators,
people who deal generally with unpublished
materials. My view is well known: an archivist
should also be somewhat of a records manager,
and a records manager has to be somewhat of an
archivist. So I think there is a cross-fertilization
that is desirable. Incidentally, that tension be-
tween archivists and records managers was natu-
ral because so few archivists knew anything about
records management. There weren't many rec-
ords managers, and they seemed to be strange
people who were always trying to throw things
away or put them on microfilm and shred the
originals. We have a problem of perception. T'm
not a records manager, never pretended to be
one, but I was just enough of one to know that I
had to have a top-notch records manager to run
that program. Now the most dangerous person in
the world is the archivist who mistakenly thinks
he knows enough about records management to
do it himself. They [records managers] can help
you sell the program. The archives in Raleigh has
done as well as it has because of records man-
agement and because I was able to get money to
do things in that field.
But going back to the question of certifica-
tion. Let me explain that I donTt feel strongly on
that. What worries me is this: I look back on the
archivists that I've worked with and those who
have worked under me, and the best of them
106"North Carolina Libraries
never had a course in archives until we set up our
own and then required them to take it. It worries
me that certification could make us a peripatetic
profession. That is, it could encourage the moving
on, the constant moving of people. That is death
to archival institutions. You have to have conti-
nuity, you have to get subject-matter control. Only
a relatively small number of people as archivists
will first of all be interested in going on into admi-
nistrative work and, second, capable of it. So I
think it works for a records managerTs problem
because it is more technical now it seems to me. It
[records management] is less on-the-job working
with the types of materials, [rather] itTs a more
specific type of application. But I would hate to
see anything that would prevent Ruby Arnold,
over at Archives and History, who is still arrang-
ing and describing local records, from enjoying
that work that she has been doing so well for
twenty-five years. She is a solid type of archivist
that institutions need to get the work done and to
build gradually. ITm not against it [certification];
itTs just that I donTt want to see anything that
creates what the librarians have created"that is,
a chasm between the M.L.S. and everybody else.
There is a dastardly gap between good SPA [State
Personnel Act] people and the M.L.S. categories
that call themselves professional. There are some
good professional SPAs, and I donTt like that con-
descension.
I guess I'll close with a question concerning
the Society of North Carolina Archivists, which is
obviously an infant. ItTs just a year old. Why do
you think it took North Carolina until 1983 to get
rolling here?
I think it is easily explained. Whether or not
itTs bad or good, I donTt know.
I must admit that I never felt the need for a
state organization at that time. You'll have to
remember that until fairly recently, though there
were manuscript repositories in North Carolina,
there were very few salaried positions. That was
before East Carolina, before Baptist Historical
Collection, before N.C. State, and before the
churches started setting up archives; so what we
are dealing with is a phenomenon of essentially
the last decade. We didnTt have many archivists
around the state. We had some volunteers that
were baby-sitting some records at various places.
When Thornton Mitchell conducted the state
assessment study® recently, he said he was just
astonished at the number of repositories and he
compared it with my 1964 list.° Nineteen sixty-
four has just been twenty years, so you are dealing
with a rapid turnover. ITve always felt that I paid
people to get the work done, and by the time you
multiply organizations, you can find that half of
each employee's time is being frittered away. So
there is a little bit of stinginess in me. I hope the
society does well and ITm impressed with what
they are doing.
Notes
1. Public Laws of North Carolina, 1938, c. 265. The legisla-
tion, titled oAn Act to Safeguard Public Records in North
Carolina,� gave the Department of Archives and History
statutory authority to preserve state records.
2. Session Laws of North Carolina, 1 959, c. 1162. The act was
titled oAn Act to Provide for the Microfilming of County
Records of Permanent Value for Security Purposes.� The
legislation organized the microfilming program for county
records and also included funding for the project.
3. Twenty-Ninth Biennial Report of the North Carolina
Department of Archives and History, July 1, 1960-June
30, 1962 (Raleigh: Department of Archives and History,
1962), 95-103, hereinafter cited as the Department Bien-
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Public Information Office
American Library Association
50 E. Huron St., Chicago, IL 60611
nial Report. The Carolina Charter Tercentenary Commis-
sion was authorized in 1959 by the General Assembly. The
commission was charged with the task of planning a pro-
gram for the celebration of the three-hundredth anniver-
sary of the granting of the Carolina Charter of 1663. A
major project undertaken by the commission was the pub-
lication of a new edition the Colonial Records of North
Carolina.
. Department Biennial Report, 104-113. The Confederate
Centennial Commission was authorized by the General
Assembly in 1959. It planned many activities for the one-
hundredth anniversary of the Civil War.
North Carolina Historical Records Advisory Committee,
Archives and Records Programs and Historical Records
Repositories in North Carolina: An Analysis of Present
Problems and Future Needs (Raleigh: The Committee,
1983). For an abstract of the report, see North Carolina
Libraries, Fall 1983.
. HG. Jones, oManuscript Collections in North Carolna,� in
Resources of North Carolina Libraries, ed. Robert B.
Downs (Raleigh: GovernorTs Commission on Library Re-
sources, 1965), 197-212.
MCGREGOR
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Mount Morris, Illinois 61054
1985 Summer"107
Libraries, Books, and Culture
Ralph Lee Scott
The Library History Seminar VII heralding
oLibraries, Books and Culture,� sponsored by The
Journal of Library History, the Graduate School
of Library and Information Science of the Univer-
sity of Texas at Austin, and the School of Library
Science at the University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill, began on March 6, 1985, at the Savoy
Restaurant in Chapel Hill. Some 160 library history
scholars from the United States and Canada
attended the sessions. The three-day seminar fea-
tured five plenary and twelve concurrent ses-
sions"a total of twenty-eight papers. The topics
explored the role and significance of books in the
development of society. At the first plenary session,
seminar participants (and Haynes McMullen)
learned that the seminar would be a sort of oral
festschrift in honor of McMullen, a distinguished
library historian and professor of library science at
the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Ralph Lee Scott is a Reference Librarian at the J. Y. Joyner
Library of East Carolina University.
The concurrent opening session featured two
themes, oThe Early Use of Printed Books in Europe
and America� and oThe Formation of American
Bibliothecal Institutions.� Speakers were Michael
Hackenberg of the University of Chicago, David
Cressy of California State University at Long Beach,
Jane A. Rosenberg of the Council on Library
Resources, and Wayne A. Wiegand of the University
of Kentucky. A special tour and reception of the
National Humanities Center at Research Triangle
Park followed.
In the evening, John P. Feather, lecturer at
Loughborough University in England, gave a stimu-
lating talk on oThe Book in History and the History
of the Book.� His paper produced a number of
thought-provoking questions from the audience.
The consensus was that it is not possible to sepa-
rate the book from history and vice versa.
The March 7 morning sessions addressed two
themes: oPopular Libraries in Mid Nineteenth-Cen-
tury North America� and oWestern Influences in
the South Asian World of Books.� Speakers
Dr. Haynes McMullen, professor of Library Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, to whom the oLibraries,
Books and Culture� seminar was dedicated, and Dean Edward G. Holley. (Photograph courtesy University of North Carolina School
of Library Science.)
108"North Carolina Libraries
included Robert V. Williams of the University of
South Carolina and Donald Clary Johnson of the
College of William and Mary.
The seminar next turned to oCirculating and
Rental Libraries in the Modern U.S.� and oThe Role
of the Library in Two Cultural Contexts (Islam and
Germany).� Speakers were Philip A. Metzger of
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine;
Philip B. Eppard, Harvard College Library; Hedi
BenAicha, American-Arab Anti-Discrimination
Committee; and Margaret F. Stieg, associate pro-
fessor of library service at the University of Ala-
bama.
In the afternoon at the third plenary session,
David D. Hall of Boston University and the Ameri-
can Antiquarian Society raised a number of inter-
esting questions in his paper oThe History of the
Book: New Questions? New Answers.� His thesis
continued and enlarged on that of John Feather.
Later sessions in the afternoon covered oThe Influ-
ences of Private Libraries� and oBooks and Librar-
ies in Twentieth-Century France and the Soviet
Union.� Speakers were Ralph J. Coffman, Boston
College; Alan Gribben, University of Texas at Aus-
tin; Mary Niles Maack, University of Minnesota; and
Marianna Tax Choldin, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign.
The fourth plenary session in the evening, held
in Gerrard Hall, featured another stimulating dis-
cussion, this time by Margaret Rossiter of Harvard
University on oWomen and Scientific Literature.�
Professor Rossiter gave an enlightening paper on
the role of women in the professions (including
librarianship) and the difficulties scholars have in
tracing their role in the written record. Rossiter
spoke of the long hours, low pay, and small recogni-
tion that was the lot of the bulk of women scien-
tists. She made the point that many of these
Scientists were neither appreciated nor missed
until after their deaths, when the contributions
they had made became apparent.
The first of the morning sessions on March 8
Covered oReligious Literature in Two Diverse Cul-
tures� and oWomen in Professional Leadership: The
American South.� Speakers featured were David L.
Ferch, Mount Mercy College; Jonathan A. Lindsey,
Baylor University; James V. Carmichael, Jr., the
University of North Carolina; and Anne Firor Scott,
Duke University.
The final concurrent sessions concerned oRe-
Search in Reading: Two ApproachesT and oReports
of Current Library Historiography Abroad.� Larry
E. Sullivan of the Herbert H. Lehman College of the
City University of New York, Robert Sidney Martin
of Louisiana State University, Peter F. McNally of
McGill University, and Paul Kaegbein of the Univer-
sity of Cologne were the featured speakers.
The seminar formally closed with another out-
standing meal by the Savoy Restaurant. The final
plenary session paper was delivered at the Savoy,
by David Kaser of Indiana University. He spoke on
oThe American Academic Library Building Enters
Its Second Phase, 1870-1890.� After lunch, partici-
pants selected from tours of the University of
North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke University
libraries. Seminar members departed, awaiting
eagerly the presentation of further stimulating
papers at the Library History Seminar VIII, to be
held five years hence.
Henderson Friends Publish Booklet
The Friends of the Henderson County Public
Library have published a booklet for library volun-
teers, detailing the jobs they can perform in librar-
ies. The particular duties of some twenty-four
positions have been described after consultation
with the professional librarians concerned and
with their approval.
The booklet is available for $3 prepaid. Send
your check to the Secretary of the Friends, Hender-
son County Public Library, 302 N. Washington
Street, Hendersonville, NC 28739.
lis
1985 Summer"109
New North Carolina Books
Alice R. Cotten, Compiler
Sam J. Ervin, Jr. Preserving the Constitution: The
Autobiography of Senator Sam J. Ervin, Jr.
Charlottesville, Va.: The Michie Company, 1984.
436 pp. $19.95
With the death of Sam Ervin on April 23,
1985, North Carolina lost its senior statesman
and its last link with an era when southern politi-
cians dominated the United States Senate. Ervin
was the stateTs most distinguished political leader
of this century and, with the possible exception of
Billy Graham, the most recognized and respected
North Carolinian of any stripe. Since his retire-
ment from the Senate in 1974 and up until his last
bout with illness, Ervin had kept busy traveling
and speaking across the country, filing amicus
briefs in cases involving constitutional law, and
greeting the many people who stopped by his
Morganton office. Somehow, on top of all this, he
became, in his eighties, a prolific author.
First came his contribution to the literature
of Watergate, The Whole Truth, published by Ran-
dom House in 1980. Then Senator Ervin put down
on paper the stories he had used on the bench
and on the hustings for almost sixty years. The
University of North Carolina Press published
Humor of a Country Lawyer in 1983. Now his life
story, written in his own words and without the
aid of a ghostwriter, has been issued by the Michie
Company, traditionally publishers of volumes
devoted to the law. Perhaps this is as it should be
since this, his last book, amounts to a legal brief
for himself. The Senator gathered in one place
what he had done, what others had said about his
actions, and what official records disclosed. He
recognized that in doing so he might be seen as
immodest but pleaded oin extenuation of my
offense that I have employed in everything I say
about myself all the intellectual integrity I possess
and am capable of exercising.�
Born in 1896 and educated at the University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and at Harvard,
Ervin served in France during World War I. After
years as a legislator, trial lawyer, and judge, he
was appointed in 1954 to fill the vacancy in the
Senate created by the death of Clyde R. Hoey.
Within weeks, he drew the attention of that body
110"North Carolina Libraries
with a speech urging the censure of Joseph
McCarthy. Over the next twenty years, Ervin
retained the respect of his colleagues across the
ideological spectrum. Whether it was in cham-
pioning civil liberties, the separation of church
and state, and curbs on the abuse of government-
al power or in opposing civil rights legislation, the
Equal Rights Amendment, and judicial activism,
the Senator acted on principle. He could count
both Ted Kennedy and Jesse Helms among his
admirers. T
The story Ervin has to tell is for the most part
that of his public career. With the exception of
short sections about family members, we learn lit-
tle about his life outside the public realm. The
book is burdened by overlong quotations from
speeches, other books, and newspapers. The sec-
tion on Watergate is oddly truncated; the reader
is referred to ErvinTs earlier book on the subject.
The entire account, however, is presented with
ErvinTs rhetorical flourishes intact and sprinkled
with his preacherly wit and homilies. The book is
made more useful by complete name and subject
indexes. It belongs in every North Carolina
library.
ErvinTs devotion to the United States Consti-
tution, othe most precious instrument ever devised
by the mind of man,� guided his actions and com-
pelled him to write the book. He did so oin the
hope that something I have done or said may
prompt others to fight as I have fought for the
preservation of the Constitution and the free-
doms it enshrines.� North Carolina and the nation
are poorer without him but richer for having his
version of the events of his career.
Michael Hill, North Carolina Division of Archives and History
Suzanne Newton. An End to Perfect. New York:
Viking Kestrel, 1984. 212 pp. $11.95.
oPerfect� is how twelve-year old Arden thinks
of Haverlee, the small North Carolina town where
she lives with her parents and her older brother.
Arden wants things to stay the way they are
forever. But things are not perfect for long;
ArdenTs brother decides to spend his last year of
New North Carolina Books
school living with their grandparents so that he
can attend a better school. ArdenTs best friend
DorJo is also going through a painful period with
her family; she moves in with ArdenTs family tem-
porarily because of her own motherTs neglect and
abuse. Arden sees this as the perfect solution: her
brother may be leaving but DorJo is coming to live
with them and will take his place.
That pat solution, however, is not to DorJoTs
liking; in fact, that solution does not suit anyone,
even Arden. Arden discovers that things cannot
remain the same for anyone. She must grow up
and take into account other peopleTs desires and
happiness.
Once again Suzanne Newton has constructed
a well-written story of a young personTs maturing
and growing awareness and understanding of
herself and others. As always, she has dealt with
both the pleasant and the stressful sides of life.
She describes people and situations realistically.
The primary difference between this book and I
Will Call It GeorgieTs Blues and M.V. Sexton
Speaking is that in this latest book the main
character is much younger. For that reason, An
End to Perfect will appeal to a slightly younger
audience than the other two books. All three
books are excellent novels and will be very popu-
lar with junior and senior high school readers.
Diane Kessler, Durham County Schools
David E. Whisnant. All That Is Native & Fine: The
Politics of Culture in An American Region.
Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,
1983. 340 pp. $24.00.
One cannot read David WhisnantTs book
Without gaining a better understanding of the cul-
ture of southern Appalachia. Whisnant, a profes-
sor of American studies at the University of
Maryland-Baltimore County and author of James
Boyd and of Modernizing the Mountaineer: Peo-
ple, Power, and Planning in Appalachia, focuses
On the manipulation and exploitation of moun-
tain folk by well-intentioned ocultural workers,�
which, he argues, results in neglect of the regionTs
real problems. As case studies, the author uses
the Hindman Settlement School (founded in
1902) in eastern Kentucky, the cultural work of
Olive Dame Campbell (during 1908-1948) through-
out the mountains, and the White Top Folk Festi-
val (1908-1948) on the Virginia-North Carolina
border.
__ Although believing that oall that is native and
fine� should be preserved, Olive Dame Campbell
and other cultural investigators from mostly edu-
cated, urban, and middle to upper economic-class
backgrounds imposed their essentially alien ide-
ology and social programs on a mostly unedu-
cated, rural, and lower economic-class people of
the mountains. For example, while espousing a
commitment to the music of the region, the orga-
nizers of the White Top Folk Festival praised older
ballads played and sung by local performers and
condemned performances of more modern tunes;
thus, local musicians played only music the orga-
nizers wanted to hear and omitted many pieces
the performers enjoyed.
WhisnantTs book not only successfully docu-
ments the systematic cultural intervention of one
region by conscientious individuals seeking to
impose the values they think best, but also reveals
the dynamics of cultural continuity and change in
other regions and in the nation as a whole. In
achieving his objectives, the authorTs use of rele-
vant primary sources is impressive, while his
detailed footnotes and index allow the reader to
focus on areas of specific interest. Finally, this
book is a must for everyone interested in the
southern Appalachian region whether he be a
user of an academic or a public library.
Richard Shrader, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
David Beers Quinn. Set Fair for Roanoke:
Voyages and Colonies, 1584-1606. Chapel Hill:
University of North Carolina Press, 1985. 467 pp.
$19.95 cloth, $9.95 paper.
It is no coincidence that this work appears in
1985, the four hundredth anniversary of the
Ralph Lane colony at Roanoke Island"oAmericaTs
Four Hundredth Anniversary,� in the phrase
adopted for this stateTs commemoration of that
event and of the Lost Colony a few years later. In
a sense, then, this is a commemorative volume.
But while that term all too often connotes a work
of many pictures, pious sentiments, and thin
scholarship, Set Fair for Roanoke reflects a life-
time of intense, imaginative research and writing
by the acknowledged dean of scholars of early
English exploration studies in general, and of
Roanoke colony studies in particular.
David Beers Quinn, professor emeritus of his-
tory at the University of Liverpool and prolific
writer on early English colonization, dedicates
this book oTo the shade of Thomas Harriot.� Like
Harriot, the scholarly chronicler of the Lane col-
ony, Quinn delights in every aspect of the Roa-
noke ventures, from the first stirrings in England
of interest in overseas colonization to an archaeo-
logical report as recent as 1983. Indeed, a hall-
1985 Summer"111
mark of QuinnTs scholarship is its well-rounded
approach to historical narrative; although he
himself over thirty years ago assembled and
edited a massive collection of contemporaneous
documents on the Roanoke story, which thorough
familiarity allows him to use to full advantage in
the present work, he also employs geological and
archaeological reports of our own time to help
reconstruct the life of the colonies in as much
detail as one could hope for. Nor does he dwell
exclusively on the colonists: his account of the
coastal Indians is full and sympathetic.
Quinn is not afraid of speculation. His con-
clusion that the fate of the Lost Colonists"the
114 men, women, and children of the colony of
1587"has obeen clarified with reasonable cer-
tainty� will not be accepted by everyone. But he
meticulously sifts available evidence and patiently
builds his argument that the main body of colo-
nists settled among the Chesapeake Indians in
Virginia and that both the Chesapeakes and the
colonists were massacred by the Powhatan Indi-
ans around 1607. Speculation is present in a
number of more mundane matters as well, but is
always buttressed by documentation and com-
mon sense.
Set Fair for Roanoke includes well-chosen
illustrations, notes, bibliography, and a full index.
It can be recommended without hesitation for
high school and college libraries.
Robert J. Cain, North Carolina Division of Archives and His-
tory
Ronald B. Hartzer. To Great and Useful Purpose;
A History of the Wilmington District, U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers. [Washington, D.C.: Govern-
ment Printing Office, 1984.] 172 pp. $10.00. Avail-
able from Corps of Engineers, Attn: Public Affairs
Office, P.O. Box 1890, Wilmington, N.C. 28402.
The Library Programs Service of the Govern-
ment Printing Office has recently encouraged
United States depository librarians to market
their documents collections so citizens can be-
come more aware of the usefulness and availabil-
ity of United States government publications. This
book, which is distributed by the Government
Printing Office to depository libraries, should not
be overlooked by North Carolina documents
librarians. It is an interesting, attractive publica-
tion which can be used to promote their deposi-
tory collections. ~
The author's goal is to provide a comprehen-
sive account of the contributions of the Wilming-
ton District Army Corps of Engineers to the
112"North Carolina Libraries
New North Carolina Books
economic development of North Carolina and a
portion of southern Virginia. According to the
author, most historians of North Carolina have
ignored the role of the Corps in the development
of the state. Archival records, interviews with
past and present Corps employees, and numerous
published sources have enabled Ronald Hartzer
to provide a thorough account of the CorpsT activ-
ities in the Wilmington District through 1982.
Although the Wilmington District was not
established until 1885, Hartzer begins with a brief
history of the settlement of North Carolina,
emphasizing the importance of navigable waters
in the stateTs development. North CarolinaTs
development was hindered by the lack of naviga-
ble ocean ports and navigable rivers connecting
the interior of the state to the ocean. The author
describes early efforts by private companies and
state engineers to deepen channels and clear
obstructions from the stateTs waterways. The
state sought help from the Corps in the 1820s
after private and state efforts failed. Development
of navigable waters was crucial to the economic
survival of the state.
Early efforts of the Corps concentrated on
improving conditions on the Cape Fear River and
Ocracoke Inlet. Improvements that were made
often seemed to be futile because of damage from
storms and constant changes in the coastline.
During the Civil War, the Corps was forced to
abandon waterway projects in order to build
forts. At the end of the Civil War, improvement of
waterways was even more crucial to the stateTs
survival. As a result of the war, North Carolina
suffered severe losses in terms of manpower and
transportation; railroads, bridges, and roads were
destroyed and rivers were obstructed. The Corps
resumed work on waterways in the state, and in
1885 a district office was located in Wilmington.
During the end of the 19th century and in the
beginning of the 20th century, the Corps made
significant improvements to North CarolinaTs riv-
ers and harbors. Dams, locks, and jetties were
constructed, and dredging methods were im-
proved. The Corps also constructed the Intra-
coastal Waterway during this period. From the
mid-20th century until 1982, the CorpsT activities
included flood control, military construction,
renourishment of beaches, regulation of con-
struction along waterways, environmental quality
planning, and continual dredging of rivers and
harbors.
In addition to providing descriptions of var-
ious Corps projects, the author provides the
reader with descriptions of the equipment devel-
oped by the Corps and various construction tech-
niques for forts, locks, dams, jetties, and dredging.
Hartzer also provides information about political
strategies and cooperation of the state and fed-
eral governments which resulted in funding for
the projects. Throughout the book, Hartzer also
gives credit to various Corps employees for their
engineering innovations that have contributed to
the development of a system of navigable water-
ways in North Carolina.
Each page contains black and white photo-
graphs, maps, illustrations, or tables which
enhance the readerTs understanding of the text.
The layout of the illustrative matter and the qual-
ity of the photographs are excellent. Readers will
frequently consult the glossary which provides
brief, clear definitions of the technical terms
associated with waterway engineering.
Four appendixes add to this interesting his-
tory. Appendix A is a table of freight traffic at the
Morehead harbor from 1869-1979 and at the
Wilmington harbor from 1924-1979. Appendix B
is a chronology of the Wilmington DistrictTs boun-
daries from 1885-1981. Appendix C lists Wilming-
ton District Engineers from 1884-1983. Appen-
dix D lists the procedures followed in initiating,
authorizing, and constructing Corps of EngineersT
projects.
Chapter notes are provided at the end of the
book. An extensive bibliography and index are
also provided.
This book should be particularly interesting
to people in the area served by the district, espe-
cially to those who have witnessed CorpsT proj-
ects. It is recommended for public, academic, and
engineering libraries.
Arlene Hanerfeld, University of North Carolina at Wilmington
John Ehle. Last One Home. New York: Harper &
Row, 1984. 345 pp. $15.95.
Last One Home spans the life of Pinkney
Wright, born in 1881 in a remote farming valley of
the North Carolina mountains. Pink is a born bar-
gainer though, not a farmer, and soon after his
Marriage and the birth of two children, he moves
into Asheville to work in cousin Hugh King's store.
While his wife Amanda yearns for a cow and
chickens, Pink bargains and barters"cider, paint,
Cabbages, hogs, peas, furs, and ginseng"leading
Hugh KingTs store into great prosperity.
The story takes a new direction when Pink
begins selling life insurance, first on the side, then
as founder and chief salesman of Monarch Insur-
ance Company. The second half of Last One Home,
New North Carolina Books
then, is the story of Monarch Insurance and of
Pink and AmandaTs children and their shifting
loyalties"to Pink, to Amanda, and to Monarch.
PinkTs illness weaves through this part, finally
drawing the strings and bringing the novel to its
conclusion.
Last One Home is similar in theme and char-
acters to EhleTs earlier book, Lion on the Hearth
(Harper, 1961). It, too, depicted a young man of
the hills who gained great commercial success in
Asheville. It, too, portrayed a wife distrustful of
commerce and new ways, jealous children vying
for favor in the family busiess, wandering sons
and brothers who return to charm all.
Last One Home holds the readerTs attention
and is a good story, but it does not have the fire of
EhleTs earlier books. The characters are not so
intriguing as were Paul and Kin in Lion on the
Hearth, and the plot does not carry the reader
along as it did in The Land Breakers. Still, librar-
ies across North Carolina will receive many
requests for this new novel, and its purchase is
recommended.
Becky Kornegay, Western Carolina University
Bruce Brooks. The Moves Make The Man. New
York: Harper & Row, 1984. 280 pp. $13.50.
A 1984 Newbery Honor Book, written in three
parts and set in Wilmington, this sports story tells
a tale of family relationships, illness, and how two
boys, Jerome and Bix, deal with their respective
situations. JeromeTs respect for Bix begins with a
Little League game, the black team coached by
JeromeTs brother Maurice, and the white team
shortstop, Bix, playing to win: oHe was the only
kid I had ever seen who seemed to know with
every part of himself just what to do on every
single play.� Jerome, who integrates the white
school, feels himself to be without friends. With
his mother in the hospital, Jerome registers for
home economics where he again encounters Bix,
who doesnTt seem to be the same person. After Bix
freaks out in class, he disappears from JeromeTs
life until they meet again by chance ona deserted
basketball court. The story concludes with Jerome
joining Bix for an event-filled trip to Durham to
see BixTs mother, a psychiatric patient at Duke
Hospital.
This is JeromeTs tale, and he is the best devel-
oped character. Though slow in the middle with
some unrealistic dialog, the story should hold the
attention of both sports fans and students of
human nature. This is the authorTs first young
adult novel. Recommended as additional material
1985 Summer"113
New North Carolina Books
for school and public libraries serving grades five
through nine.
Diana Young, North Carolina State Library
Roy Wilder, Jr. You All Spoken Here: Prepared
for the Edification & Jollification of Readers,
Writers, Browsers, Dialecticians, Linguists, Folk-
lorists, etc., and for Visitors from Foreign Parts
who Need to Parlez-vous in Cornpone Country.
Foreword by William R. Espy. Illustrations by Glen
Rounds. New York: Viking, 1984. 215 pp. $16.95.
The title of WilderTs book may be misleading.
The book is more than the frivolous paperback
sold at beach restaurants to tell tourists that orah
cheer� is the southern pronunciation for oright
here.� It is an entertaining and useful, if some-
what random, collection of over three thousand
southern words, expressions, and usages gleaned
by the author from a variety of sources for some
ten years.
oLeveling off. ThatTs what our nationTs lan-
guage has been doing lately. Time and television
are apparently the major culprits in eroding our
linguistic heritage,� Wilder writes, hoping with his
book to preserve some of the uniqueness and
spice of regional speech. Our linguistic heritage is
part of the heritage being celebrated now in four
hundredth anniversary activities, as Wilder points
out.
You All did begin as a series of tourist-or-
iented pamphlets published in the 1970s. Wilder
has compiled and added to the information in
that series for the present work. The southern-
isms have been gathered from sources ranging
from the oSykes Seed Store Symposium of Stove-
huggers� to Mary Boykin Chesnut. They vary from
the poetic (obetween hay and grass: between boy-
hood and manhood; too late for one thing, too
early for another�) to the earthy (ocold enough to
take the stink off shit�) and from the very local
(omullet blow: wind from the northeast ... in
North CarolinaTs Bogue and Core Sounds�) to the
more common and not strictly southern (ofront
room: company room; the best room; where the
preacher sleeps�).
Linguists and folklorists, as WilderTs subtitle
suggests, may indeed find material of interest
here, though they may miss an index or alphabet-
ical order anywhere to locate particular words.
You All makes no pretense of being a scholarly
work like Hans KurathTs A Word Geography of the
Eastern United States. Other readers may not be
edified or jollified by the profanity, references to
114"North Carolina Libraries
sex, or irreverent descriptions of reverent topics
which are included.
Cautions aside, the format is attractive and
readable. The book is divided into sections dealing
with such subjects as personality, weather, relig-
ion, and food. Each section is introduced by a
clever title, an anecdote, and a wonderful line
drawing by Glen Rounds.
Wilder writes mainly for entertainment and
exhorts his readers, oHave fun, you all ... heah?�
You All is full of humor, much of it bawdy and
colorful in the southern-fried tradition of writers
such as William Price Fox.
Wilder is a native of North Carolina. After
studying journalism at UNC-Chapel Hill, he
worked for various newspapers, including the
New York Post and the Herald Tribune. Later he
worked in advertising and public relations and in
the political campaigns of Frank Graham, Kerr
Scott, Terry Sanford, and Robert Scott. Wilder
now runs his own press, the Gourd Hollow Press,
in Spring Hope.
Nancy Shires, East Carolina University
Other Publications of Interest
Tales and legends of the North Carolina coast
are always popular books. Charles Harry Whed-
bee, author of three such volumes, has another
that John F. Blair has just published, Outer
Banks Tales to Remember ($7.95). There are
seventeen stories in this small volume (133
pages), some about Indians, some about animals,
some about plants, some about romance and lost
love, all entertaining. The dust jacket is wonder-
fully appropriate for the book, another excellent
design by Virginia Ingram of John F. Blair.
School and public libraries will want to get a
copy of a new booklet by Joe A. Mobley that has
just been published by the North Carolina Divi-
sion of Archives and History. USS North Caro-
lina: Symbol of a Vanished Age is a well-
researched, illustrated, and designed fourteen-
page booklet that tells the story of our state's
beloved battleship (for which many of us can
remember collecting dimes while we were in
grade school). The ship was built in 1937 and par-
ticipated in about fifteen battles in the Asiatic-
Pacific campaigns of 1942-1945. It was installed
as a memorial in Wilmington in 1961 and has
since attracted over six million visitors. Mr. Mob-
ley tells the story well.
ItTs always gratifying to see a new history of
an educational institution, particularly of an
institution that no longer exists and thus could
easily fade from memory. Country College on the
Yadkin: A Historical Narrative by Virginia G.
Fick, tells the story of Yadkin College, a Methodist
school which opened in 1856 and closed in 1924.
Mrs. Fick, a faculty member at Davidson County
Community College, has done her research care-
fully and written well. The ninety-six page volume
has notes, sources, eleven appendixes, and an
index containing over eight hundred entries. It
has many illustrations: photographs, reproduc-
tions of documents, letters, a map. Order from the
Davidson County Community College Book Store,
P.O. Box 1287, Lexington, NC 27293-1287. Price is
$15.95 plus tax, postage, and handling.
Libraries that buy travel guides or mountain
material will want to get a copy of A TravelerTs
Guide to the Smoky Mountains Region by Jeff
Bradley. The guidebook includes the mountains of
Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia, and Georgia.
The author states that othis book was written for
People who want to understand the history and
culture of the area they visit,� and his commen-
tary does give more historical information than
many guidebooks do. He also gives location,
address, hours, and telephone number for the
Sites, hotels, and restaurants that he includes.
(Harvard Common Press, 535 Albany St., Boston,
MA 02118; $19.95 cloth, $10.95 paper; 272 pages,
including index.)
Libraries with genealogical collections may
want to purchase Cemeteries of Yadkin County,
North Carolina, compiled by Carl C. Hoots, an
Original publication from The Reprint Company in
Spartanburg, S.C. ($25.00 paper). The volume has
four parts: church cemeteries, private cemeteries,
Iredell County cemeteries, and Davie County
cemeteries, totalling almost twenty thousand
entries. The information given includes name,
birth and death dates, and family relationships.
There is an index by surname, a map, and an
introduction.
Public libraries will want to get the revised
and expanded edition of The Andy Griffith Show
by Richard Kelly. (John F. Blair, 1984. 296 pages,
$8.95 paper). The show is currently celebrating its
twenty-fifth anniversary and is highly popular
(two national fan clubs!). The original edition of
the book was published in 1981. This edition has
three new chapters, including an unfilmed script.
The book is a serious work in the field of television
criticism, making it also appropriate for libraries
that collect in that area.
New North Carolina Books
Instructions for the Preparation
of Manuscripts
for North Carolina Libraries
1. North Carolina Libraries seeks to publish articles, book
reviews, and news of professional interest to librarians in
North Carolina. Articles need not be of a scholarly nature,
but they should address professional concerns of the library
community in the state.
2. Manuscripts should be directed to Robert Burgin, Editor,
North Carolina Libraries, School of Library Science, N.C.
Central University, Durham, N.C. 27707.
3. Manuscripts should be submitted in triplicate on plain white
paper measuring 8%"x11".
4, Manuscripts must be double-spaced (text, references, and
footnotes). Manuscripts should be typed on sixty-space lines,
twenty-five lines to a page. The beginnings of paragraphs
should be indented eight spaces. Lengthy quotes should be
avoided. When used, they should be indented on both
margins.
5, The name, position, and professional address of the author
should appear in the bottom left-hand corner of a separate
title page.
6. Each page after the first should be numbered consecutively
at the top right-hand corner and carry the author's last
name at the upper left-hand corner.
7. Footnotes should appear at the end of the manuscript. The
editors will refer to The Chicago Manual of Style, 13th edi-
tion. The basic forms for books and journals are as follows:
1, Keyes Metcalf, Planning Academic and Research Library
Buildings New York: McGraw, 1965), 416.
Susan K. Martin, The Care and Feeding of the MARC
Format,� American Libraries 10 (September 1979): 498.
8. Lhotographs will be accepted for consideration but cannot
be returned.
9. North Carolina Libraries is not copyrighted. Copyright rests
with the author. Upon receipt, a manuscript will be acknowl-
edged by the editor. Following review of a manuscript by at
least two jurors, a decision will be communicated to the writ-
er. A definite publication date cannot be given since any
incoming manuscript will be added toa manuscript from
which articles are selected for each issue.
Issue deadlines are February 10, May 10, August 10, and
November 10.
1985 Summer"115
NCLA Conference
Thornburg to Open Conference
Lacy H. Thornburg, Attorney General of the
State of North Carolina, will speak at the opening
session of the North Carolina Library Association
Biennial Conference in Raleigh. The session will be
held from 1:00 to 3:00 on Wednesday, October 2, at
the Raleigh Civic Center.
Thornburg was born in 1929 in Mecklenburg
County, served in the U.S. Army, and graduated
from Mars Hill College and the University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill. He received his law degree
from UNC in 1954 and began a law practice with
State Senator and later Congressman David Hall.
During his thirteen years as a practicing trial
lawyer, Thornburg was elected to three terms in
the North Carolina General Assembly. He was
appointed a Superior Court judge in 1966 and
served on the bench for sixteen years. In 1984, he
was elected attorney general of the state.
Banquet Features Associate State Superinten-
dent
Dr. Dudley E. Flood, the associate state super-
intendent of public instruction, will be the speaker
at the banquet of the North Carolina Library Asso-
ciation conference, held at 7:00 on Thursday,
October 3, in the Raleigh Civic Center. Dr. Flood will
speak on oThe Magic of the Written Word.�
Flood is a native North Carolinian who
received degrees from North Carolina Central Uni-
versity, East Carolina University, and Duke Univer-
sity. He served as second vice-president of the
National PTA and has received the Distinguished
Professor Award from the National Academy of
School Administrators. He has contributed articles
for publication to more than twenty-five journals
and periodicals.
Petty to Speak at Third General Session
The third general session of the North Carolina
Library Association conference will feature Dr.
Charles V. Petty, founder and president of Family
Success Unlimited. He will address the topic of
career development in a speech entitled oRoaring
116"North Carolina Libraries
Fires, Flickering Flames, Dying Embers, or Cold
Ashes.�
Petty graduated from Ouachita University in
Arkansas and earned the Doctor of Theology
degree at Southwestern Seminary in Fort Worth,
Texas. He has directed statewide programs for the
improvement of family life in the states of Texas
and North Carolina. Petty also became an author-
ity on volunteerism and worked for seven years on
the staff of the governor of North Carolina.
NCLA Conference
Raleigh Civic Center
Tentative Schedule
Wednesday, October 2
8:00 - 12:00 Library Resources Committee
9:00 - 10:00 Community and Junior Col-
lege Section
9:00 - 12:00 Health Affairs Committee
1:00 - 3:00 First General Session
Lacy H. Thornburg
Attorney General of North
Carolina
3:00 Exhibits Open
4:00 - 5:30 College and University
Section
4:00 - 5:30 Junior Members Round Table
4:00 - 5:30 Library Resources Committee
5:30 Exhibits Close
7:00 - 8:00 GovernorTs Mansion Opén
House
7:00 - 9:00 State Library Open House
9:00 Alumni Association Meetings
Thursday, October 3
All Day Intellectual Freedom
Committee
7:30 - 9:00 Resources and Technical
Services Section Breakfast
Meeting
9:00 Exhibits Open
9:00 - 10:30
9:00 - 10:30
9:00-11:00
10:30 - 12:00
1:30 - 3:00
2:00 - 3:00
2:00 - 4:00
3:00 - 5:00
4:00 - 6:00
5:30
6:00 - 7:00
7:30 - 9:30
9:30
Friday, October 4
All Day
All Day
7:30
7:30 - 9:00
9:00
9:00 - 10:30
9:00 - 10:30
10:00 - 12:00
1:00
1:00 - 2:30
3:00 - 4:00
Public Library Section, Audio-
visual Committee
Round Table on the Status of
Wornen
Reference and Adult
Services Section
. NC Association of School
Librarians
NC Association of School
Librarians Supervisors
ChildrenTs Services Section
Resources and Technical
Services Section
ChildrenTs Services Section
Showcase
Documents Section
Exhibits Close
Round Table on the Status of
Women Reception (North
Carolina Museum of Art)
Banquet
Dr. Dudley Flood
Associate State Superin-
tendent
Department of Public
Instruction
PresidentTs Dance
Intellectual Freedom
Committee
Microcomputer Users Group
for Librarians in North
Carolina
Round Table on Ethnic
Minority Concerns Breakfast
Major Owens
US. Congressman
ChildrenTs Services Section
Breakfast
David McPhail
Author and Illustrator
Exhibits Open
RTSS Catalog Interest Group
RTSS Collection Development
Interest Group
Public Library Section
Exhibits Close
Third General Session
Dr. Charles V. Petty
Public Library Section, Young
Adult Committee
North Carolina Association
of School Librarians
Research Grant Awards
Proposal Guidelines
What is the NCASL Research Grant Program?
The Research Grant program is NCASLTs way of
acknowledging library media coordinatorsT skills
and expertise while responding to their interests to
pursue new ideas and projects.
What is a Research Grant?
Research Grants are financial awards to assist
library media coordinators in carrying out research
projects that provide for professional growth,
improve media program effectiveness, and enhance
student learning. (For ideas on locally based
research see Margaret TassiaTs oIdea Exchange� in
the Spring 1984 issue of School Library Media
Quarterly.)
Who can apply for a Research Grant Award?
Any NCASL member (or members) who is not a
library educator.
What are the deadlines for Research Grant Award
Applications?
This year, the deadline for applications is Sep-
tember 16, 1985. Awards will be made at the NCLA
Conference and NCASL Work Conference.
How does an individual or group apply for the
Research Grant Award?
People interested in applying must follow the spe-
cific guidelines outlined and write a description of
their research project (a proposal) including:
- what they want to do
- how much money they will need to carry out the
research project (an itemized budget)
- how they plan to evaluate the effectiveness of
the research project
- how they plan to share their findings and con-
clusions.
Specific guidelines are available from NCASL.
How much money can be requested for a Research
Grant Project?
Research Grant Awards can range from $25 to
$1,000 depending on the depth, scope, and needs of
the research project.
1985 Summer"117
What can the Research Grant Awards money be What if I have never written a research proposal
used for? before?
The money can be used for such items as: Do not let inexperience in writing a research pro-
computer time posal prevent you from applying for a Research
printing costs Grant Award.
consulting fees
postage If you have any questions, feel free to contact
professional travel members of the NCASL Research Grant Committee
release days. for assistance. Members include:
The money cannot be used for: Frances Bradburn Central Regional Education
salaries Center (Region 3)
retroactive projects Kittye Cagle R. J. Reynolds High School
The money could be used for:
equipment
(Winston-Salem)
Arabelle Fedora Winston-Salem/Forsyth Schools
book and nonbook materials (if needed for the sek ee etsnae 3 noe aan ee
2 Juanita Spoon Washington School (Greensboro)
research project)
Provide a detailed justification if the request Submit proposals, no later than September 16,
includes items which are usually purchased 1985, to:
through local or other funds. Research Grant
Awards may supplement, but not supplant, local
funding.
Beth Rountree
Inservice Coordinator/Media
Thompson Staff Development Center
428 West Boulevard
Charlotte, NC 28203
Join NCLA
NORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION CHECK TYPE OF DUES:
; ia)
_"_ New membership __" Renewal "_" Membership no.
Name =
First Middle Last o
Position Qo
Oo
Business Address
Oo
City or Town State Zip Code
iw
ia]
Mailing Address (if different from above) a
Oo
SPECIAL-Trustees, paraprofessional and support staff, non-salaries persons,
retired librarians, library school students, oFriends of the Library,� and non-
[ok arians: costes cose ciate - SERRE CARA cra NOR Peed COMMS sve we's $15.00
LIBRARIANS"earning up to $12,000 ..................065 $22.00
LIBRARIANS"earning $12,000 to $20,000 $30.00
LIBRARIANS"earning over $20,000 ................. cece cece eevee eee $40.00
CONTRIBUTING"individual, Association, Firm, etc. interested in the work of
NGLA. defies s e+e oh out peulraes Scapa ira cmmaete et. a, peau $50.00
INSTITUTIONAL"Same for all libraries .............. ccc eee sen eneeee $50.00
CHECK SECTIONS: One free; $4.00 each additional.
ChildrenTs 0 Trustees © WomenTs Round Table
College O Public Spey teint:
Documents Cl Ref. & Adult O Ethnic Minorities RT
Jr. College ©) RTSS (Res.-Tech.)
NCASL (School) 0 JMRT
AMOUNT ENCLOSED §.
nn
Mail to: Eunice Drum, Treasurer, NCLA, Division of State Library, 109 East Jones Street, Raleigh,
NC 27611.
118"North Carolina Libraries
ee aes eee aad
NCLA Minutes
North Carolina Library Association
Minutes of the Executive Board
January 25, 1985
The Executive Board of the North Carolina Library Associa-
tion met on January 25, 1985, at the Forsyth County Public
Library in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Board members pres-
ent were Leland Park, Pauline Myrick, Jane Williams, Roberta
Williams, Eunice Drum, Mertys Bell, Shirley McLaughlin, Jerry
Thrasher, Judie Davie. Robert Burgin, Rebecca Ballentine, Patsy
Hansel, Judith Sutton, Vivian Beech, Mary Avery, Larry Barr,
Stuart Basefsky, Mary P. Williams, Karen Perry, and Benjamin F.
Speller, Jr. Also present were Steven Squires (representing College
and University Section), Kieth Wright, Arial Stephens, Louise
Boone, David Ferguson, and William H. Roberts, III.
The meeting was called to order by President Leland Park. He
recognized William H. Roberts, III, director of the Forsyth County
Public Library, who welcomed the group.
President Park shared with the group copies of his recent
Correspondence on behalf of the North Carolina Library Associa-
tion with various outgoing and newly elected government officials,
including Governor-Elect James G. Martin, Governor James B.
Hunt, Lieutenant Governor Jimmy Green, Lieutenant Governor-
Elect Robert B. Jordan, III, Secretary of the Department of Admin-
istration-Designate Grace J. Rohrer, outgoing Secretary of the
Department of Cultural Resources Sara W. Hodgkins and Secre-
tary-Designate of the Department of Cultural Resources Patric
Dorsey.
The minutes of the October 12, 1984, meeting of the Execu-
tive Board were presented for Roberta Williams, Secretary, by
Shirley McLaughlin, Acting Secretary. The following corrections
Were noted:
1. Page 1, paragraph 3"Change oSteering Committee and
Task Force on Networking� to oNorth Carolina Library
Networking Steering Committee and task forces.�
2, Page 8, paragraph 3"Delete the name of M.I. Davis from
the mailing address given for the Division of Public Infor-
mation and Publications, North Carolina Department of
Public Instruction; correspondence should be addressed
to oDirector, Division of Public Information and Publica-
tions, North Carolina Department of Public Instruction,
Raleigh, North Carolina 27611.�
The minutes were then approved as corrected.
Eunice Drum gave the treasurerTs report and distributed
Copies to all board members. She stated that an updated report
on the savings accounts would be mailed later to all board
members, Treasurer Drum expressed concern about the payment
of very small bills ($1 to $10 plus postage) sent direct to the
treasurer from the sections. She pointed out that the association
has to pay a service charge for each check written, no matter how
Small the amount. Treasurer Drum stated that, in many instances,
it would be more economical for such small bills to be paid out of
the sectionTs petty cash fund with reimbursement made to the
Section later by the NCLA treasurer. After some discussion, the
board suggested that President Park send out a communication
to committee and section chairmen asking them to implement
measures to reduce the number of small bills going direct to the
treasurer of NCLA.
Pauline Myrick, vice-president/ president-elect, gave an up-
date report on plans for the 1985 Biennial Conference. She recog-
nized Arial Stephens, conference manager, who reported on the
conference program and scheduling of various events. He urged
all section chairmen and others planning meetings and/or pro-
grams during the conference to notify Johnny Shaver, local
arrangements chairman, as soon as possible regarding space
needs and special requirements.
The possibility of increasing registration fees for the 1985
Biennial Conference was discussed. It was pointed out that the
fees approved by the Executive Board at its meeting on October
12, 1984, were very low in comparison to those being charged at
other recent conferences. Robert Burgin moved that all pre-regis-
tration fees for the 1985 conference be increased by $5 over the
fees listed in the October 12 minutes of the NCLA Executive
Board, that all registration-at-conference fees be increased by $10
and that fees for library school students be increased by $5. The
motion was seconded and passed.
Robert Burgin, editor of North Carolina Libraries, reported
that the Winter 1984 issue is currently being printed and should
be mailed in late January or early February. This issue has no
particular theme, but features an article on UNC-CharlotteTs ex-
perience with library automation, a survey of public access micro-
computers in the state, and an article on the new Clemmons
branch of the Forsyth County Public Library. Future issues
include Spring 1985 (collection development), Summer 1985
(library history), and Fall 1985 (tentatively, library service to
institutions).
Robert Burgin presented to the NCLA Executive Board a
recommendation from the Editorial Board of North Carolina
Libraries that copies of section and committee reports not be
printed in the journal but that the journal limit itself to printing
the minutes of the Executive Board meetings. Robert Burgin then
moved that section and committee chairs be required to submit
quarterly and biennial reports. Quarterly reports will be summar-
ized by the secretary for inclusion in the minutes of the Executive
Board. These minutes (not including the quarterly reports in full)
and the biennial reports will be printed in North Carolina Librar-
jes. This motion was seconded and passed.
Jane Williams, 2nd vice-president, announced that she had
membership forms/brochures available.
In the absence of Dr. Gene Lanier, chairman, Intellectual
Freedom Committee, President Park distributed a report from Dr.
Lanier on recent activities and concerns being addressed by this
committee.
The report of the Governmental Relations Committee was
given by Louise Boone, chair. The ALA Legislative Workshop held
on January 5, 1985, in Washington, D.C., was attended by Emily
Boyce, Elsie Brumback, Gayle Keresey, Helen Tugwell, Judith Sut-
ton, Nancy Bates, Nancy Massey, Bill Bridgman, Jake Killian, and
Louise Boone. They reported a particularly informative session on
lobbying by Bill Doswell, lobbyist for the Virginia Library Associa-
tion. Washington Legislative Day will be held on April 16, NCLA
sections should forward names of their delegates to Louise Boone
1985 Summer"119
NCLA Minutes
by March 13, 1985. Also, NCLA sections planning to provide
inserts for the informational packets to be distributed to con-
gressmen should send thirty-five copies to Louise Boone by April
10, 1985.
Dr. Kieth Wright and Dr. Judie Davie, faculty members of the
Department of Library Science/Educational Technology, UNC-
Greensboro, spoke to the board about concerns and future plans
for library education programs in North Carolina. Dr. Wright
pointed out that the proposal currently under consideration by
the state legislature to require one media specialist per four
hundred pupils in the public schools will create a demand for
additional trained school library/media specialists in the state.
Dr. Davie observed that there is a salary disparity for media spe-
cialists in North Carolina public schools in the proposed career
development ladder. A masterTs degree is required for state certi-
fication, but the salary schedule for media specialists is the same
as for teaching faculty with a bachelorTs degree.
Steve Squires gave the College and University Section report
for Robert Bland, chair, who was unable to attend the meeting.
This section will sponsor a conference entitled oThe Electronic
Network: Sharing the Costs and Benefits of Library Automation,�
May 30-31, 1985, at the Whispering Pines Country Club in Whis-
pering Pines, N.C. The program will present the most current
information available on the state of automated library networks,
with particular emphasis on how small and medium-sized librar-
ies may be able to automate through networking arrangements in
which costs of the hardware and software necessary to support
an automated, integrated library system are shared. Speakers will
include Barbara Epstein, library automation consultant; Bill
Gosling, head of technical services, Duke University Libraries; Bil-
lie Ozone, library director of Smith College Library; Gary Pitkin,
head of technical services at Appalachian State University
Library; and a representative from SOLINET Brochures with
complete information about the conference will be mailed in
early March.
Mary Avery, chair, Community and Junior College Libraries
Section, reported that the name change for this section which was
approved by the Exécutive Board at its October 12, 1984, meeting
was also approved by a unanimous ballot of the section member-
ship in December 1984 and is thus now official.
The report of the Documents Section was given by Stuart
Basefsky, chair. The Depository System Committee has been
awarded $500 by the GODORT-Friends of Documents Fund to be
applied toward the design, printing, and distribution of brochures
for use in lobbying for a North Carolina State Publications Deposi-
tory System. The Documents Section will have a table at the 1985
NCLA Biennial Conference from which information and bro-
chures about the section will be distributed. Janet Miller, Forsyth
County Public Library, has been elected vice-chairperson/chair-
person-elect of the Documents Section. She is also serving as edi-
tor of The Docket, the quarterly newsletter of the section. An
advertisement soliciting subscriptions to The Docket will appear in
the SLA Newsletter. In an effort to recruit new members to NCLA
and to the Documents Section, a letter from the chair directed to
all non-member Federal Depository Libraries in North Carolina
was mailed in January. The section will hold a workshop on the
purpose and functions of the North Carolina State Data Center at
the Forsyth County Public Library on April 12, 1985.
Vivian Beech, chair, Junior Members Round Table Section,
reported that brochures with application forms for the B& T
Grassroots Grants are ready for distribution to the library
schools. A $250 grant will be awarded to a library school student
to help defray expenses to the 1985 NCLA Biennial Conference.
JMRT will have.a booth in the exhibits area at NCLA and will
sponsor an orientation to the NCLA program for new members of
NCLA and first-time conference attendees. This will include a
oNight on the Town� with dinner and dancing for conference
attendees. Plans are being made to sponsor a oYoung Librarians
120"North Carolina Libraries
Award,� with the first winner to be announced in October at the
Biennial Conference. Publicity about the award will be distributed
this spring.
Judie Davie, chair, gave the report for NCASL. At the Third
National Conference of the American Association of School
Librarians held in Atlanta November 1-4, 1984, members of
NCASL served as program presenters on SDPI Media Evaluation
Center, School Library Media Day, microcomputers and evalua-
tions of the conference. A resolution on the Future Structure
Report was presented at the Challenge Forum; subsequently
NCASL received attention in the national library press (December
American Libraries and School Library Journal). The resolution
has been sent to the ALA Executive Board and the AASL Board of
Directors. Eunice Query presented NCASL with $5000 to establish
a scholarship in honor of her students and colleagues at Appa-
lachian State University. The scholarship is to be administered by
NCASL and is to be awarded to an individual who is admitted to
graduate study in school librarianship and who is not required to
attend an ALA accredited program. A memorial fund has been
established at the library of Forsyth Country Day School in
memory of Lucy Cutler, former lower school librarian who died
tragically in November 1984. Emily Boyce, Elsie Brumback, Gayle
Keresey, and Helen Tugwell represented NCASL at the ALA Legis-
lative Workshop, Edith Briles was invited by Betty Stone, former
president of ALA, to participate in the discussion and plans of the
National Library Week Committee. Elsie Brumback, Judie Davie,
Gerald Hodges, Gayle Keresey, Marilyn Miller, and twenty school
media professionals from throughout the country were invited to
meet with Shirley Aaron, AASL president-elect, to establish priori-
ties for her tenure as president of AASL. Several members of
NCASL are candidates for national offices in ALA: Marilyn Miller
for president-elect of AASL; Elsie Brumback for chair of the AASL
Supervisors Section; Judie Davie for ALSC Board of Directors;
Gayle Keresey for YASD Board of Directors. NCASL extends con-
gratulations to Leonard Johnson, library media supervisor for
Greensboro City Schools, on his retirement on January 31, 1985.
Mr. Johnson is a former president of NCLA. Plans for the spring
include the publication of the NCASL bulletin and two brochures
on public relations topics; the participation of Judie Davie and
Helen Tugwell in ALA Legislative Day; the implementation of
School Library Media Day on April 17; and oR and R� forums in
several school systems.
Reporting for the Public Library Section, chair Judith Sutton
stated that the 1985 Public Library Trustee Conference will be
held May 29-30 at the Radisson Plaza Hotel in Raleigh. John Berry,
editor of Library Journal, is the keynote speaker. Theme for the
conference is oPublic Libraries and the Governmental Process.�
Larry Barr, chair, Reference and Adult Services Section,
reported on plans to sponsor a spring workshop on microcompu-
ters in Raleigh. This section has also started a quarterly newslet-
ter, with Joel Sigmon of the State Library serving as editor.
The report for the Resources and Technical Services Section
was given by Ben Speller, chair. The NCLA/RTSS Executive Com-
mittee met on November 1, 1984. A wrap-up discussion of the
Mini-Conference on the Changing Role of the Technical Services
Librarian led to the following recommendations:
1. A state-of-the-art equipment facility should be organized
to maintain equipment for demonstration purposes at programs
such as the one held at Whispering Pines. The State Library was
suggested as a possible agency to coordinate the development of
this facility.
2. Future RTSS conferences should include programs on
microforms and on the ergonomics of furniture for video display
terminal use. These might be conducted as shorter traveling
shows, going to the east, west, piedmont, and mountains.
Initial plans for the NCLA Biennial Conference were discussed.
The Collection Development Interest Group and the Serials Inter-
est Group plan to co-sponsor a program on oRetrospective Buying
and Collection Development.� The general RTSS session will focus
on oAutomated Authority Control.� The now traditional RTSS
Breakfast and Business Meeting will continue to be held with the
breakfast being open to NCLA members. The RTSS bylaws do not
specify a method of selecting chairs of interest groups. The con-
sensus was that the RTSS Executive Committee should select new
chairs for the biennium. The bylaws are being revised to include
this policy.
Patsy Hansel, chair, reported that the Round Table on the
Status of Women in Librarianship will sponsor a workshop on
May 13-14 at the UNC School of Library Science entitled oUpper
Level Management Speaks to Supervisors; or, Everything We Wish
We'd Known When We Started Out.� The round table plans to
sponsor a speaker and fashion show for the Thursday morning
session of the Biennial Conference. Members of the round table
will also give a reception Thursday evening at the North Carolina
State Museum of Art. Plans are underway for a summer workshop
on lobbying to be held August 1-2.
Mary Williams, chair, reported that the Round Table on Eth-
nic Minority Concerns is planning to sponsor Congressman Major
Owens as the speaker at a Friday morning breakfast session at the
Biennial Conference.
Rebecca Ballentine reported that the SELA Conference held
October 17-19 in Biloxi, Mississippi was very successful. SELA has
grown in membership and the future looks bright with biennial
conferences to be held in Atlanta (1986), Norfolk (1988), and
Nashville (1990).
NCLA Minutes
Other reports were given by Karen Perry (ChildrenTs Section)
and Arial Stephens (Networking).
Jane Williams distributed information on LSCA Continuing
Education Grants and discussed these with the Board. NCLA Sec-
tions are eligible to apply for these grants. After July 1, 1985, they
will be available solely for speaker fees and expenses. Williams
also stated that Title IJ Library Construction Funds are available
again this year.
Arial Stephens reported that Benton Convention Center in
Winston-Salem was holding space and dates pending confirma-
tion of a definite booking for the 1987 NCLA Biennial Conference.
Judith Sutton moved that the 1987 Biennial Conference be held in
Winston-Salem at the Convention Center and that it be tentatively
scheduled for October 27-30, 1987. The motion was seconded and
passed.
Louise Boone inquired about the possibility of getting
selected state officials on the NCLA mailing list by offering them
complimentary membership in NCLA. Jerry Thrasher moved that
no more than twenty-five ospecial� memberships in NCLA be given
each biennium to congressional and state officials as recom-
mended by the Governmental Relations Committee and the presi-
dent of NCLA. This motion was seconded and passed.
President Park discussed plans for the NCLA Spring Work-
shop to be held in Greensboro at Greensboro College on April
12-13. He asked the board members to be prepared to share their
suggestions and evaluations at the Workshop.
There being no further business, the meeting adjourned.
Roberta S. Williams, Secretary
CONSTITUTION
of the
NORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
Changes in the Constitution and Bylaws Recommended by the
Executive Board and the NCLA Constitution, Codes, and Handbook Revision Committee.
(4/12/85)
ratification at the biennial conference, October 2-4, 1985.
NOTE: This publication of proposed constitution and by-law changes for the North Carolina Library Association meets the
notification requirements of the current constitution. The changes listed here will be placed before the membership for
CONSTITUTION
PRESENT ARTICLE
ARTICLE II]. MEMBERSHIP
1. Membership in the North Carolina Library Association
shall consist of five classes: individual membership,
institutional membership, contributing membership, honorary
membership, and life membership. Only individual members
have voting privileges.
5. Honorary. The Honorary and Life Membership Committee
May recommend to the Executive Board for honorary
membership non-librarians who have made unusual
Contributions to library services. Such nominees may be elected
by the Executive Board.
6. Life. The Honorary and Life Membership Committee may
recommend to the Executive Board for life membership
Persons who are no longer actively engaged in library work.
Such nominees may be elected by the Executive Board.
PROPOSED ARTICLE
(Changed wording is underlined)
ARTICLE II]. MEMBERSHIP
1. Membership in the North Carolina Library Association
shall consist of five classes: individual membership,
institutional membership, contributing membership, honorary
membership, and life membership. Only individual and life
members have voting privileges.
5. Honorary. The Honorary and Life Membership Committee
may recommend to the Executive Board for honorary,
non-voting membership non-librarians who have made unusual
contributions to library services. Such nominees may be elected
by the Executive Board.
6. Life. The Honorary and Life Membership Committee may
recommend to the Executive Board for life membership, with_
voting privileges, persons who are no longer actively engaged
in library work. Such nominees may be elected by the Executive
Board.
Discussion: These proposed changes serve to state what is actually the practice, that is: honorary members are non-voting members;
life members are individuals who have been regular members of NCLA and continue to have the right to vote.
1985 Summer"121
NCLA Minutes
ARTICLE V. EXECUTIVE BOARD
1. The officers of the Association, the past President, two
Directors elected by the Association at large, the representative
of the Association to the ALA Council, the North Carolina
member of the Executive Board of the Southeastern Library
Association, the Editor of North Carolina Libraries, and the
chairman of each section shall constitute the Executive Board.
Chairmen of Round Tables shall serve as non-voting members
of the Executive Board.
3. Round Tables of the Association may be organized by
application, signed by twenty-five voting members of
the Association and approved by the Executive Board.
5. The officers of the Sections and Round Tables shall
be a Chairman and a Secretary, who shall be elected by
the membership of the Section or Round Table, and
who shall be responsible for the program meetings and
any other business of the Section or Round Table. Other
officers may be added at the discretion of the Section or
Round Table.
6. The President of the Association may appoint a
Chairman and a Secretary if the Section or Round Table
fails to elect officers.
ARTICLE V. EXECUTIVE BOARD
1. The officers of the Association, the past President, two
Directors eleeted by the Association at large, the representative
of the Association to the ALA Council, the North Carolina
member of the Executive Board of the Southeastern Library
Association, the Editor of North Carolina Libraries, and the
chairman of each section and round table shall
constitute the Executive Board. A parliamentarian may be
appointed by the President as a non-voting member.
(3. Delete section 3 and renumber sections 4-8.]
4. The officers of the sections and round tables shall be
elected by the membership of the section or round
table. They shall be responsible for the program
meetings and any other business of the section or round
table.
5. The President of the Association may appoint
officers if the section or round table fails to elect
officers.
Discussion: These proposed changes serve to state specifically that round tables and sections are the same, that is: they have the same
requirements for method of organization, voting, finances, representation, and responsibility. The present constitution indicates that
they are not equal. Also, a provision is made for a parliamentarian for the board, non-voting, who may be appointed by the
President. This will serve to assure that the board follows procedures correctly in the administration of the business of the
association.
BYLAWS
PRESENT BYLAWS
ARTICLE II. DUTIES OF OFFICERS
1. President. The President shall preside at all meetings of
the Association and of the Executive Board. He shall, with the
advice of the Executive Board, appoint all committee chairmen
and suggest other committee members ...
PROPOSED BYLAWS
(Changed wording is underlined)
ARTICLE II. DUTIES OF OFFICERS
1. President. The President shall preside at all meetings of
the Association and of the Executive Board. He shall, with the
advice of the Executive Board, appoint the Editor of North
Carolina Libraries and all committee chairmen and suggest
other committee members ...
Discussion: This proposed change brings the bylaws into conformity with that of the handbook of NCLA, stating that the President,
with the advice of the Executive Board, appoints the editor of North Carolina Libraries.
3. First Vice-President. If it becomes necessary for the First
Vice-President to complete the unexpired term of the
President, he may also serve his own term as President or
relinquish the office. In the event of the First Vice-President
becoming President during the unexpired term of the elected
President, the Second Vice-President shall automatically
become First Vice-President and President-Elect. If the Second
Vice-President is unable to assume the duties of the First Vice-
President and President-Elect, the Executive Board shall
appoint a First Vice-President until an election can be held. If
the Second Vice-President does assume the office of First Vice-
President and President-Elect, the Committee on Nominations
shall then present the names of two candidates for the office of
Second Vice-President.
3. First Vice-President. The First Vice-President serves as
President-Elect and presides in the absence of the President.
If it becomes necessary for the First Vice-President to complete
the unexpired term of the President, he shall also serve his own
term as President. In the event of the First Vice-President
becoming President during the unexpired term of the elected
President, the Second Vice-President shall automatically
become First Vice-President and serve in that office until a new
First Vice-President is elected at the next regular election. The
Executive Board shall appoint a Second Vice-President to serve
until the next regular election is held. If the Second Vice-
President is unable to assume the duties of the First Vice-
President, the Executive Board shall appoint a First Vice-
President to serve until the next regular election is held.
Discussion: This proposal change states more clearly the formal order of succession and the procedures to be followed should the
office of president, Ist vice president/president-elect, and 2d vice president become vacant.
122"North Carolina Libraries
5. Secretary. The Secretary shall keep a record of the
meetings of the Executive Board, and the biennial meetings
and any special meetings of the Association.
6. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall assist in the preparation of
the budget and keep whatever records of the Association the
President and the Executive Board deem necessary. He will
collect and disburse all funds of the Association under the
instructions of the Executive Board and keep regular accounts,
which at all times shall be open to the inspection of all
members of the Executive Board. He shall handle and keep all
membership records. He shall execute a bond in such sum as
shall be set by the Executive Board, the cost to be paid by the
Association. He shall perform such other duties and functions
as may be prescribed by the Executive Board. The term of
office shall be four years.
8. The term of office of all officers shall commence at the
adjournment of the biennial meeting following their election, or
if the biennial meeting cannot be held, upon their election. The
term of office of the Treasurer shall commence at the
adjournment of the biennial meeting following his election.
NCLA Minutes
5. Secretary. The Secretary shall keep a record of the
meetings of the Executive Board, the biennial meetings, and
any special meetings of the Association. In case of a vacancy,
the Executive Board shall appoint a Secretary to serve until the
next regular election is held.
2
6. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall assist in the preparation of
the budget and keep whatever records of the Association the
President and the Executive Board deem necessary. He will
collect and disburse all funds of the Association under the
instructions of the Executive Board and keep regular accounts,
which at all times shall be open to the inspection of all
members of the Executive Board. He shall handle and keep all
membership records. He shall execute a bond in such sum as
shall be set by Executive Board, the cost to be paid by the
Association. He shall perform such other duties and functions
as may be prescribed by the Executive Board. The term of
office shall be four years. In case of a vacancy, the Executive
Board shall appoint a Treasurer to serve until the next regular
election is held.
8. The term of office of all officers except the Treasurer shall
commence at the adjournment of the biennial meeting
following their election, or if the biennial meeting cannot be
held, upon their election. The term of office of the Treasurer
shall commence at the end of the fiscal year following his
election.
Discussion: These proposed changes state more clearly the formal order of procedure should the office of secretary or treasurer
become vacant. Also, it establishes the term of office of treasurer to parallel that of the associationTs fiscal year (January 1 - December
31) rather than that of the other officers which changes at the close of the biennial conference. This is necessary for an orderly
transition and the handling of the annual audit.
ARTICLE III. MEMBERSHIP
1. Dues shall be collected on a biennial basis beginning in
1973 as follows: ... (then lists all categories and amounts, etc.).
2. The Association shall allot to the Section 25% of the
biennial dues of individuals and institutional members
according to the Section chosen by the members when the dues
are paid. Each member is entitled to the choice of one section
and becomes a member of that section upon stating the choice.
10. No changes in the policies or traditions regarding
membership shall be made without approval of the
membership by a mail vote. A majority of the votes cast shall be
required to make any such change. The Executive Board or the
Membership at any duly constituted meeting may initiate such
procedure.
ARTICLE II. MEMBERSHIP
1. Dues shall be collected on a biennial basis. Categories of
membership shall include individual, contributing, honorary,
and life. Honorary and life members are not assessed dues.
2. Each member is entitled to the choice of one section or
roundtable at no additional cost.
10. No changes in the dues structure or policies regarding
membership shall be made without approval of the
membership by a mail vote. A majority of the votes cast shall be
required to make any such change. The Executive Board or the
membership at any duly constituted meeting may initiate such
procedure.
Discussion: These proposed changes remove from the constitution the actual dollar amount for membership in NCLA and thus
eliminates the requirement for the constitution to be changed each time a dues change is made. Dues are and still will be changed
only by a vote of the membership.
1985 Summer"123
NCLA Minutes
TreasurerTs Report
January 1, 1985 " March 31, 1985
Exhibit A
Balance on Hand " January 1, 1985 " Checking Account
Receipts:
Dues and Receipts:
Association $ 14,406.12
Sections 4,867.00
Total Dues and Receipts $ 19,273.12
NORTH CAROLINA LIBRARIES (Schedule 1) 2,318.13
Reimbursed Expenses (THL) 634.36
Reimbursed Expenses (Special Libraries) 50.00
1985 Conference 4,400.00
Total Receipts
Total Cash to Account For
Expenditures (Exhibit B)
Cash Balance, March 31, 1985
Exhibit B
Cash Disbursements
Executive Office Expenses:
Telephone $ .76
Postage 94.63
Copies 3.50
Data Processing . 404.80
Supplies 78.06
Membership Mailing 88.95
Clerical Help 205.00
ALA Representative Expenses
SELA Representative Expenses
President's Expenses
Transfer to Assoc. Savings
Transfer to McLendon Loan Savings
1985 Conference
Committee Expenses:
Intellectual Freedom $113.99
Governmental Relations 135.00
Library Resources 62.54
Sections Expenses (Schedule 1)
NORTH CAROLINA LIBRARIES (Schedule 1)
SELA Membership Dues
Freedom to Read Foundation Dues
Bulk Mail Account Deposits (Less Reimbursements)
Refunds of Dues
Tar Heel Libraries
TOTAL DISBURSEMENTS (To Exhibit A)
124"North Carolina Libraries
$11,385.47
26,675.61
$38,061.08
19,657.19
$18,403.89
$ 875.70
321.00
258.94
25.00
10,000.00
300.00
278.75
$ 311.53
1,551.55
4,901.91
25.00
100.00
415.34
80.25
212.22
$19,657.10
FOR OVER ONE HUNDRED AND SIX YEARS BLACKWELL'S HAS MAINTAINED A
REPUTATION FOR SERVICE, A REPUTATION FOR COMBINING EXCELLENCE WITH
INNOVATION. NOW, IN 1985,BOTH BLACKWELL'S AND BLACKWELL NORTH
AMERICA CAN OFFER YOU A FULL RANGE OF SOPHISTICATED YET PERSONAL
BOOKSELLING SERVICES.
B.H. BLACKWELL BLACKWELL NORTH AMERICA
BRITISH AND EUROPEAN PERIODICAL SERVICE FIRM AND STANDING ORDERS
MACHINE READABLE PERIODICAL INVOICING/BACK ISSUES NEW TITLE ANNOUNCEMENT SERVICE
MUSIC "BOOKS, SCORES AND RECORDS CATALOGUING IN CARD OR COM FORMAT
FIRM AND STANDING ORDERS VARIED TECHNICAL SERVICES
NEW TITLE ANNOUNCEMENT SERVICE
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, CONTACT:
B.H. BLACKWELL, LTD. BLACKWELL NORTH AMERICA, INC.
BROAD STREET 6024 S.W. JEAN ROAD, BLDG. G.
OXFORD, OX13BQ LAKE OSWEGO, OREGON 97034
ENGLAND. TELEPHONE NO: (503) 684-1140
TELEPHONE NO: OXFORD (0865) 24911 TELEX NO: 151-234
TELEX NO: 851-83118
OFFICES IN:
BLACKWOOD, NEW JERSEY, LONDON, ONTARIO, CANADA; NOVATO, CALIFORNIA; KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI,
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA; CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA; RINGSTAD, DENMARK AND HAMBURG, WEST GERMANY
1985 Summer"125
126"
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Ce eee
Join NCLA
ek eA ee
What is NCLA?
® the only statewide organization interested in
the total library picture in North Carolina,
whose purpose is to promote libraries and
library service in the state
© an affiliate of the American Library Association
and the Southeastern Library Association, with
voting representation on each council
What are the benefits of membership?
® provides opportunities for interaction among
those interested in good library service
®@ entitles you to receive North Carolina Librar-
ies, a quarterly journal, winner of the presti-
gious H. W. Wilson Award in 1981
® gives you the opportunity to develop leadership
skills
® enables you to attend workshops, continuing
education programs, and conferences at re-
duced rates
© keeps you informed on library developments in
the state through an information network and
publications
e@ gives you individual voting rights in the asso-
ciation
© encourages support staff and paraprofessionals
to join at reduced rates
© entitles you to membership in one of the sec-
tions or roundtables of the association
To enroll as a member of the association or to
renew your membership, check the appropriate
type of membership and the sections or roundta-
bles which you wish to join. NCLA membership
entitles you to membership in one of the sections
or roundtables shown below at no extra cost. For
each additional section, add $4.00 to your regular
dues.
Return the form below along with your check
or money order made payable to North Carolina
Library Association. All memberships are for two
calendar years. If you enroll during the last quar
ter of a year, membership will cover the next two
years.
Sn nN Perversum semen ee
NORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
"___ New membership ____. Renewal ____ Membership no.
Name
First Middle Last
Position
Business Address
City or Town State Zip Code
Mailing Address (if different from above)
CHECK TYPE OF DUES:
© SPECIAL-Trustees, paraprofessional and support staff, non-salaries persons,
retired librarians, library school students, oFriends of the Library,� and non-
(IDPATIAKS Ae ance yc HedT aye os howe celts H0 © oaeme? cee Risks a use 1000)
LIBRARIANS"earning up to $12,000 ......-:.0ssssserrrr trees nes $22.00
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O LIBRARIANS"earning over $20,000 .......:s- sess ersreer etre e recess $40.00
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O College © Public oO eats,
© Documents © Ref. & Adult LPN AI ele
0 Jr. College © RTSS (Res.-Tech.)
© NCASL (School) OG JMRT
AMOUNT ENCLOSED $__________
Mail to: Eunice Drum, Treasurer, NCLA, Division of State Library, 109 East Jones Street, Raleigh,
NC 27611.
1985 Summer"127
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128"North Carolina Libraries
EDITORIAL STAFF
Editor ChildrenTs Services
ROBERT BURGIN BONNIE FOWLER:
School of Library Science 237 Arrowleaf Drive
North Carolina Central Lewisville, NC 27023
¥ University (919) 945-5236
urham, NC 27707 7
(919) 683-6485 College and University
MARIE DEVINE
Associ 2 Ramsey Library
pee i UNC-Asheville
TSY J, HANSEL :
Cumberland County Public pega eae
Library tae! ae
Bon FeO Community and Junior
F i C 28302
ela College Libraries
(919) 483-8600 BEVERLEY GASS
Associate Editor Guilford Technical Community
ROSE SIMON Bs
. ox 309
Dale H. Gramley Library Jamestown, NC 27282
Salem College (919) 292-1101
Winston-Salem, NC 27108
(919) 721-2649 Documents
MICHAEL COTTER
Book Review Editor J.Y. Joyner Library
ALICE COTTEN East Carolina University
Wilson Library Greenville, NC 27834
UNC-Chapel Hill (919) 757-6533
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
(919) 962-1172 Junior Members Roundtable
JOHN BURNS
Siecor Corporation
489 Siecor Park
Hickory, NC 28603
(704) 327-5219
N.C. Association of School
Librarians
FRANCES BRADBURN
Central Regional Education Center
P.O. Box 549
Knightdale, N.C. 27545
Address all correspondence to: Robert Burgin, Editor
School of Library Science, N.C.C.U., Durham, NC 277070.
North Carolina Libraries, published four times a year,
Public Library
BOB RUSSELL
Elbert Ivey Memorial Library
420 Third Avenue NW
Hickory, NC 28601
(704) 322-2905
Reference and Adult Services
ILENE NELSON
Duke University Library
Durham, NC 27606
(919) 684-2373
Resources and Technical Services
GENE LEONARDI
Shepard Library
North Carolina Central University
Durham, NC 27707
(919) 683-6220
Round Table for Ethnic Minorty
Concerns
SYLVIA SPRINKLE-HAMLIN
Forsyth County Public Library
660 West 5th Street
Winston-Salem, NC 27701
(919) 727-2176
Round Table on the Status of
Women in Librarianship
MARY McAFEE
Forsyth County Public Library
660 West 5th Street
Winston-Salem, NC 27101
(919) 727-2264
Trustees
is the official publication of the North Caro-
lina Library Association. Membership dues include a subscription to North Carolina Libraries. Member-
ship information may be obtained from the treasurer of NCLA.
Subscription rates for 1984 are $20.00 per year, or $5.00 per issue,
per year, or $7.00 per issue,
for domestic subscriptions; $25.00
for foreign subscriptions. Backfiles are maintained by the editor. Microfilm
copies are available through University Microfilms International. North Carolina Libraries is indexed by
Library Literature and publishes its own annual index.
Editorial correspondence should be addressed to the editor;
be addressed to the advertising manager. Articles are juried.
North Carolina Libraries is printed by Meridional Publications,
advertisement correspondence should
Wake Forest, NC.
Issue deadlines are February 10, May 10, August 10, and November 10.
PVEBLZ DN BVITANSAAAD
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