[This text is machine generated and may contain errors.]
North Carolina Libraries
We must come out of our
cozy back rooms and
work out front, on the line.
Sheila S. Intner, r, 1984
1879 J} 1985
BLAC KWELLS
OVER ©
- | CENTURY
LIBRARY SERVICE
FOR OVER ONE sone AND SIX YEARS BLACKWELL'S HAS MAINTAINED A
_ REPUTATION FOR SERVICE, A REPUTATION FOR COMBINING EXCELLENCE WITH
INNOVATION. NOW, IN 1985,BOTH BLACKWELL'S AND BLACKWELL NORTH
_ AMERICA CAN OFFER YOU A FULL RANGE OF SOPHISTICATED YET PERSONAL
, ~BOOKSELLING SERVICES. e feos tee
BH. BLACKWELL BLACKWELL NORTH AMERICA
oe BRITISH AND EUROPEAN PERIODICAL SERVICE =="="~"S"S_FIRM AND STANDING ORDERS
= MACHINE READABLE PERIODICAL INVOICING/BACK ISSUES "NEW TITLE ANNOUNCEMENT SERVICE
aA NG camel BOOKS, SCORES AND RECORDS -RASTALOGUING IN CARD OR COM FORMAT
: _ FIRM AND STANDING ORDERS nay bee tayo ee ah aS _ VARIED TECHNICAL SERVICES
~NEW TITL ANNOUNOEMENT SERVICE 3
BROAD T
OXFORD, ~Ox1980
ENGLAND. %
A; N VATO, CALIFORNIA; KANSAS CITY, ~MISSOURI;
: RICHMOND, ~ina vst han ty AUSTRALIA A AINGETAD, ~DENMARK AND pa ites h weet GERMANY
tn carOliNO
ences
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Articles
170 Acquiring an On-line System for an Academic Library,
Raymond A. Frankle, K. Randall May, Wilson M.
Stahl, and David J. Zaehringer
181 I & R and Public Library Management, Donald Beagle
185 Microcomputers in Public Libraries for Public Access:
A Survey, Jennifer K. Carpenter
191 Ten Observations on Change in Technical Services,
Sheila S. Intner
195 The Clemmons Branch Library, Jim Govern
ISSN 0029-2540
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Features
162 From the President, Leland M. Park
164 Candidates for NCLA Offices
198 New North Carolina Books
205 Candidates for NCASL Offices
207 NCLA Minutes and Reports
Cover: Sheila S. Inter, oTen Observations on Change in Technical Advertisers: Blackwell North America, Cover 2; Baker & Taylor,
Services,� North Carolina Libraries 42 (Winter 1984): 191- p. 163; Ebsco, p. 184; Phiebig, p. 184; Reprint Company, p. 211;
194, Her keynote address at the fall conference of the NCLA Ruzicka, p. 180.
Resources and Technical Services Section is reprinted in this
issue.
Volume 42, Number 4 Winter 1984
From the President
Elections: This is written just a few days after
the fall elections, and the feeling of relief from
hearing othis is a paid political announcement� is
a good one. But knowing that there are opaid
political announcements� is reassuring, for it
means that we are all part of a democratic pro-
cess which, though imperfect, is the best in the
world. For NCLA this was a first, at least in my
memory, for each of the candidates for the office
of governor wrote to each member of NCLA indi-
cating his support for libraries ... and asking for
our support. I believe it is a sign that NCLA is
ocoming of age� and that the hard work of our
members in the political arena is paying off. Our
thanks to Mr. Edmisten and Dr. Martin for writing
to us. Our best wishes to Governor-elect James
Martin and Lt. Governor-elect Robert Jordan.
NCLA looks forward to working with them during
the coming years for the betterment of our state,
which includes the betterment of library services
to our citizens in 100 counties.
More Elections: This spring you will find a
special mailing from NCLA, ballots for the election
of officers for the association. The slate of candi-
dates is a very fine one, as you will see when you
read their names and biographical data in this
issue of the journal. Read the information care-
fully, and odonTt forget to vote!�
A Balanced Budget: Starting with the Spring
Workshop in April, 1984, the Finance Committee
has struggled with formulating a budget for our
association for the next two years. (We operate on
January-December budgets.) There have been
many meetings, phone calls, letters, etc. At the
Oxford meeting of the Executive Board the
budget for the calendar years 1985 and 1986 was
162"North Carolina Libraries
stand up for
libraries
NORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
adopted unanimously. And itTs a balanced budget!
This is thanks to the profits of the last conference
and to the size of our membership. NCLA has
budgeted almost $99,000 for this period of time.
Elsewhere in this issue you will find the actual line
items. Indicated there is an active association,
investing its money in the membership. The
budget also is predicated on the tradition of
NCLA members being willing to serve in positions
of responsibility within the association. You have
every right to be very proud of NCLA. And not
incidentally, it is a bargain dollar-wise!
SELA in Biloxi: The October conference of
SELA was a fine one in a beautiful section of the
Gulf Coast. NCLAers were everywhere, and I
shared in the pride of our members when it was
reported that North Carolina has the second
largest number of members in SELA (of the 1,774
members, Georgia has 273, North Carolina has
243). NCLAers Dr. Benjamin Speller and Dave
Fergusson were elected chairmen of SELA sec-
tions, Library Education and JMRT. Congratula-
tions to them!
Once again a year ends. There is hardly time
for reflection, given the schedules we all keep. I
hope, however, that the holidays were ones of joy
for you and yours. My thanks to all 2,000 NCLAers
for your contributions toward making North
Carolina a state that cares for the welfare of
others. And I pray with you that the new year will
be one of peace and progress ... everywhere.
Happy 1985!
Next Executive Board Meeting: January 25,
1985, Forsyth County Public Library, Winston-Sa-
lem, NC
Leland M. Park, President
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1984 Winter"163
Candidates for NCLA Offices
NCLA Nominating Committee Report
Candidates for NCLA Offices
for the 1985-87 Biennium
Robert E. Burgin, First Vice-President/President-Elect
Current Position
Lecturer, School of Library and Information Science, North
Carolina Central University
Education
Currently pursuing Ph.D., Library Science, University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill
M.S.L.S., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
B.A., Duke University
Professional Activities
NCLA, North Carolina Libraries, Editor, 1983-
NCLA, Local Arrangements Chairman, 1983 Conference
NCLA, Public Library Section, Statistics Committee, Chairman,
1980-82
NCLA, Public Library Section, Young Adult Committee, Vice-
Chairman, 1977-79
ALA, LAMA Statistics Section, Statistics for Public Libraries
Committees, 1983-85
ALA, LAMA, Committee for Statistics for Systems, 1982-83
ALA, PLA, Public Library Systems Section, Secretary, 1981-82
SELA, Junior Members Round Table, Chairman, 1982-84
Microcomputer Users Group for Librarians in North Carolina,
Treasurer, 1982-83
Microcomputer Users Group for Librarians in North Carolina,
Summer Camp Coordinator, 1983, 1984
Publications
oMicros in the Carolinas� (with Duncan Smith), Public Libraries
23 (Summer 1984): 61-62.
oHard Facts About Overdues� (with Patsy Hansel), Library
Journal 108 (February 15, 1983): 349-352.
oRegional Public Library Statistics: A Checklist,� Public Librar-
tes 21 (Winter 1982): 142-143.
164"North Carolina Libraries
oRankings of Seventy Selected North Carolina Public Libraries in
Twelve Selected Input and Output Statistical Categories,�
ERIC ED-226-733 (May 1982).
oThe Public Library's Future: From Challenge to Opportunity,�
(with Duncan Smith) North Carolina Libraries 39 (Spring
1981): 13-21.
oNetworking Without Tears� (pamphlet), 1978; reprinted in
Unabashed Librarian # 33 (1979): 11-12.
Patsy J. Hansel, First Vice-President/President Elect
Current Position
Assistant Director, Cumberland County Public Library and
Information Center, Fayetteville
Education
M.S.L.S., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
M.A., Wake Forest University
B.A., University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Professional Activities
NCLA, Public Library Section, Secretary, 1981-83
NCLA, Public Library Section, Personnel Committee, Vice-
Chairman, 1976; Chairman, 1977-79
NCLA, Public Library Section, Development Committee, Vice-
Chairman, 1980-81, 1983-85
NCLA, Reference/Adult Services Section, Founding Steering
Committee, 1975-77
NCLA, Round Table on the Status of Women in Librarianship,
Founding Steering Committee, 1980
NCLA, Round Table on the Statiis of Women in Librarianship,
Vice-Chairman/Chairman-Elect, 1981-83
NCLA, Round Table on the Status of Women in Librarianship,
Chairman, 1983-85
NCLA, Round Table on the Status of Women in Librarianship,
Founding Editor of MsManagement, the round tableTs news-
letter
NCLA, North Carolina Libraries, Public Library Editor, 1977-80
NCLA, North Carolina Libraries, Associate Editor, 1983-
North Carolina Public Library Directors Association, Secretary,
1980-81
Cape Fear Library Association, Vice-President/President-Elect,
1983-84
Cape Fear Library Association, President, 1984-85
Curriculum Advisory Committee, School of Library Science, Uni-
versity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1980
ALA
Served on three incarnations of the North Carolina State
Library's Networking Committee, 1979-83
One of the founders (with Phil Barton) of the Loose Region in
1975; editor or co-editor of its newsletter, Down East, since
its origin in 1976
North Carolina Humanities Association, Associate, 1982-
Publications
oThe Administrator's Perspective in Performance Appraisal,�
North Carolina Libraries (Spring 1984).
Guest editor for oProgramming in Public Libraries,� North Caro-
lina Libraries (Summer 1983).
oHard Facts about Overdues� (with Robert Burgin), Library
Journal 108 (February 15, 1983): 349-352.
oReference Administration in the County Library,� in Reference
Services Administration and Management, edited by Bill
Katz and Ruth A. Fraley (New York; The Haworth Press,
1982).
oReplacement Charges for Overdue Materials,� North Carolina
Libraries (Summer 1982).
oNorth Carolina Humanities Committee Funding for Library
Programming in North Carolina,� North Carolina Libraries
Fall 1980).
oOne AdministratorTs Views on ChildrenTs Services,� North Caro-
lina Libraries (Summer 1980).
oPublic Library Information and Referral in North Carolina,
oNorth Carolina Libraries (Fall 1979).
oDial-a-Story Has Storybook Success,� North Carolina Library
Reporter (Fall 1976).
a emer SRR SR Re CRRA LAR A TN RAIL EE OI PORTIS FI ATE SIT A
Edith B. Briles, Second Vice-President
Current Position
Director of Instructional Media, Randolph County Board of
Education
Education
M.Ed., University of North Carolina at Greensboro
A.B., Greensboro College
Additional graduate work at the University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill
Professional Activities
NCLA, Education in Librarianship Committee
NCLA, NCASL, School Library Media Day (Plans for 1984 SLM
Day won the Grolier National Library Week Award)
NCLA, NCASL, Planning Committee for lst NCASL Pre-Confer-
ence for System-Level Media Personnel, Library Education
~Personnel SDPI Personnel, and NCASL Executive Board
ALA
Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development
North Carolina Association of School Administrators
SupervisorsT Commission, Steering Committee, 1980-81
SupervisorsT Commission, Steering Committee, Secretary, 1982-
83
Delta Kappa Gamma, Alpha Upsilon Chapter, Secretary
Delta Kappa Gamma, Alpha Upsilon Chapter, Research Com-
mittee Chairman
UNC-G Library Science/Educational Technology Alumni Associ-
ation, Executive Board
UNC-G Department of Library Science/Educational Technology,
Advisory Committee
Awards and Accomplishments
Teacher of the Year, Asheboro City Schools
Author and Developer of Project ZOO, an ESEA Title IV-C inno-
vative project. Now approved for dissemination nationally
by the Joint Dissemination Review Panel.
Rose A. Simon, Second Vice-President
Current Position
Director of Libraries, Salem Academy and College, Winston-
Salem
Education
Ph.D., University of Rochester
M.S.LS., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
M.A., University of Virginia
B.A., University of Rochester
Professional Activities
NCLA, North Carolina Libraries, Associate Editor
SOLINET Board of Directors
Forsyth County Library Association, Vice-President/President-
Elect
Beta Phi Mu
Publications
*The Faculty/Librarian Partnership,� in Increasing the Role of
Academic Libraries, edited by Thomas Kirk.
I TR RT ON TIN BR A OT ERE TT EEN 5 EN SEMA ER IE
Dorothy Wilson Campbell, Secretary
Current Position
Assistant Professor of Library Science, North Carolina Central
University
Education
M.S.L.S., Catholic University of America
BS.L.S., Catholic University of America
B.A., North Carolina College, Durham
1984 Winter"165
Professional Activities
NCLA, Education for Librarianship Committee, 1976-78
ALA, Association of Colleges and Research Libraries, Political
Science and Law Section, Nominating Committee, 1979-80
ALA, Association of Colleges and Research Libraries, Afro-Ameri-
can Family History Project Committee, 1980-81
Association of Library and Information Science Education,
NCCU Liaison Representative
North Carolina Central University, School of Library Science,
Alumni Association
Publications
oA Checklist of North Carolina Imprints from 1866 through 1876
with an Historical Introduction to the Period,� Library of
Congress American Imprint Series.
(A bibliography on black genealogy) Public Libraries (Spring
1980).
(Paper on African American curators) in The Black Librarian
in the Southeast, edited by Annette L. Phinazee, 1980.
Index to Black American Writers in Collective Biographies,
Libraries Unlimited, 1983. Chosen by the ALA Reference
and Adult Services Division as one of the outstanding refer-
ence books of 1983.
Awards and Accomplishments
Distinguished alumna, North Carolina Central University, 1975
Shirley Parrott Wilkins, Secretary
Current Position
Director, Duke Library, Johnson C. Smith University
Education
M.S.LS., Atlanta University
B.S., South Carolina State College
Professional Activities
NCLA
ALA
Metrolina Library Association
Nancy Clark Fogarty, Treasurer
Current Position
Head Reference Librarian, Walter Clinton Jackson Library, Uni-
versity of North Carolina at Greensboro
Education
M.S.L.S., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
M.A., University of North Carolina at Greensboro
B.A., University of North Carolina at Greensboro
Professional Activities
NCLA, Constitution and Codes Committee, 1973-74
NCLA, Second Vice-President and Chairman of Membership
Committee, 1973-75
166"North Carolina Libraries
NCLA, Chairman, Reference and Adult Services Section, 1981-83
NCLA, Executive Board, 1981-83
ALA
SELA
Beta Phi Mu, Secretary/Treasurer, 1971-73
Beta Phi Mu, Vice-President/President-Elect, 1983-85
Alumni Association of the School of Library Science, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Vice-President, 1975-76
Alumni Association of the School of Library Science, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, President, 1976-77
North Carolina On-line Users Group
Microcomputer Users Group for Librarians in North Carolina
Guilford Reference Librarians Round Table
Thomas L. Moore, Treasurer
Current Position
Director, Wake County Public Libraries
Education
M.A.LS., Rosary College, River Forest, Illinois
Two years post-graduate work, Kenrick Seminary, St. Louis, Mis-
souri
B.A., Cardinal Glennon College, St. Louis, Missouri
Professional Activities
NCLA
ALA
North Carolina Public Library Directors Association
Lincoln Trails Librarians Association, Vice-President/President-
Elect, President, 1976-78
Illinois Library Association, Public Library Section, Vice-Presi-
dent/President-Elect, President, 1978-80
Illinois Library Association, Legislative Development Committee,
1977-80
Illinois Library Association, Executive Board, 1979-80
William J. Kirwan, Director
Current Position
University Librarian, Western Carolina University
Education
M.S.LS., Drexel Institute of Technology
B.A.,, St. Bonaventure University
Professional Activities
NCLA, Exhibits Chairman, 1983 Biennial Conference
NCLA, Organized statewide conference on oPublic Relations in
the Academic Library,� held at Winston-Salem, April 1981
NCLA, College and University Section, Executive Board, Direc-
tor, 1979-80
NCLA, College and University Section, Program Committee,
Chairman, 1979-81
Benjamin F. Speller, Jr., Director
Current Position
Acting Dean, School of Library and Information Science, North
Carolina Central University
Education
Ph.D., Library Science, Indiana University
M.AT., Indiana University
AB., North Carolina Central University
Professional Activities
NCLA, Resources and Technical Services Section, Director, 1967-
69
NCLA, Library Resources Committee, Chair, 1969-71
NCLA, Goals and Objectives Committee, 1976-83
NCLA, Resources and Technical Services Section, Vice-Chair,
1981-83
NCLA, Resources and Technical Services Section, Chair, 1983-85
ALA, Membership Committee and Membership Chair for Region
VI (Southeast)
SELA, Library Education Section, Chair-Elect
Durham County Library Association, President, 1977-78, 1982-
83
Association for Library and Information Science Education,
1975-
National Education Association, 1973-
North Carolina Association of Educators, Inc., 1973-
North Carolina Association for Institutional Research, 1975-
North Carolina Central University Alumni Association
North Carolina Central University School of Library Science
Alumni Association, President, 1975-77
Indiana University Alumni Association
Beta Phi Mu, 1972-
North Carolina Public Librarian Certification Commission, 1983-
University of North Carolina Advisory Committee on Instruc-
tional Computing, 1983
Publications
oAn Index to Obituary Sketches in the Journal of Negro History,
1926-1958� (with Michael OTQuinlivan), Journal of Negro
History 57 (October 1972): 447-454.
Editor, oZero-Based Budgeting for Libraries and Information
Centers: Proceedings of the Workshop,� Library Acquisi-
tions: Practices and Theory 2 (1978).
Editor, Zero-Based Budgeting for Libraries and Information
Centers: A Continuing Education Manual. Fayetteville,
Ark: Hi Willow Research and Publishing, 1979.
oProfile of Pioneers: Selected North Carolina Black Librarians�
(with James R. Jarrell) in The Black Librarian in the South-
east, ed. by Annette Phinazee. Durham: NCCU Alumni
Association, 1982.
oPurchasing for Libraries and Information Centers"Bids and
Contracts,� Library Acquisitions: Practice and Theory 5
(1981); 31-37.
oTechnical Services Management Problems in Small and Medi-
um-Sized Academic Libraries in North Carolina,� North
Carolina Libraries 40 (Spring 1982): 20-24.
oMicrocomputer-Based Search/Save System for the Lockheed
Information System (DIALOG)� (with George F. Bowie, III),
Information Processing and Management 18 (1982): 161-
162.
Guest Editor (with Robert Burgin), oMicrocomputing in North
Carolina Libraries: A Special Section,� North Carolina
Libraries 40 (Fall/Winter 1982): 189-232.
Desegregation and the White Presence on the Black Campus
(with Charles Brown), ID/IRG monograph 80-1. Durham:
Institute on Desegregation, NCCU, 1980.
oPlanning for Technology: Manager's Resources Review,� Public
Libraries 22 (Summer 1983): 59-60.
oNational Issues Forum: A Potential Strategy for Public Library
Outreach� (with Joseph C. Andrews), Public Libraries 23
(Summer 1984): 39-40.
Awards and Accomplishments
North Carolina State Library Science Scholarship, 1964
Distinguished Service Award from Elizabeth City State Univer-
sity, 1971
Governor's Public Service Certificate for Volunteer and Com-
munity Service Work in Northeastern North Carolina, 1976
PresidentTs Distinguished Service Award from NCCU School of
Library Science Alumni Association, 1982
Arial A. Stephens, Director
Current Position
Director, Richard H. Thornton Library (Granville County Public
Library), Oxford
Education
M.S.LS., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
B.A., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Professional Activities
NCLA, Junior Members Round Table, Chair
NCLA, Public Library Section, Chair
NCLA, Automation Committee, Chair
NCLA, Governmental Relations Committee, Chair
NCLA, National Library Week Committee, Chair
NCLA, Conference Committee, Chair
NCLA, Finance Committee
NCLA, Organization Committee
NCLA, Networking Committee
ALA, 1962-
SELA, Treasurer
SELA, Public Library Section, Chair
Mecklenburg Library Association, President
North Carolina Public Library Directors Association, President,
SOLINET Board
LSCA Advisory Commission
1984 Winter"167
North Carolina Public Library Certification Commission
Steering Committee for the Governor's Conference on Libraries
Networking Advisory Committee
Publications
oThe Light at the End of the Wand,� North Carolina Libraries 40
(Summer 1982):113-120.
Clarence Toomer, Director
Current Position
Director, Library/Learning Resources Center, Shaw University
Education
Ed. D. (in progress), North Carolina State University
M.L.S., North Carolina Central University
B.A., Livingston College
Professional Activities
NCLA, College and University Library Section, Executive Board,
1983-
NCLA, Futures Committee, 1983-
NCLA, Archives Committee, 1981-83
NCLA, Intellectual Freedom Committee, 1979-81
ALA
SELA
Capital Area Library Association, Program Committee, 1981-82
Metrolina Library Association, Secretary, 1979-80
North Carolina On-line Users Group, 1979-80
North Carolina Central University, School of Library Science
Alumni Association, Treasurer, 1979-81
Publications
oBibliographic Education in the Historically Black Colleges and
Universities in North Carolina; Implications for the 1980s,�
to appear in North Carolina Libraries (Spring 1985).
Awards and Accomplishments
Selected as one of the Outstanding Men of America, United
States Jaycees, 1980
a nS nN A AN
Fred W. Roper, ALA Representative
Current Position
Associate Professor and Associate Dean, School of Library
Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Education
Ph.D., Library Science, Indiana University
M.S.LS., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
A.B., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
168"North Carolina Libraries
Professional Activities
NCLA, 1971-
Association for Library and Information Science Education, Sta-
tistics Committee
Medical Library Association, Certification Examination Review
Committee, Chair
Medical Library Association, Publications Panel
Medical Library Association, Ad Hoc Committee on Professional
Development, Chair
Special Libraries Association, Seventy-fifth Anniversary Confer-
ence Program Committee
Special Libraries Association, Nominating Committee
Special Libraries Association, Board of Directors, 1978-80
Special Libraries Association, Chairman, Chapter Cabinet, 1979-
80
Special Libraries Association, North Carolina Chapter, Vice-
President/President-Elect, 1975-76
Special Libraries Association, North Carolina Chapter, Presi-
dent, 1976-77
Beta Phi Mu
Publications
Introduction to Reference Sources in the Health Sciences (with J.
A. Boorkman). Chicago: Medical Library Association, 1980.
oIncome and Expenditures,� in Library and Information
Science Education Statistical Report, 1983. State College,
PA: ALISE, 1983.
oLibrary School Education for Medical Librarianship,� Bulletin
of the Medical Library Association 67 (October 1979):
359-364
oThe Integrated Core Curriculum: The University of North Caro-
lina Experience,� Journal of Education for Librarianship
19 (Fall 1978): 159-167.
oThe Relationship Between Graduate Education and Continuing
Education in Health Science Librarianship� (with Jo Ann
Bell), in Proceedings of the Allerton Invitational Conference
on Education for Health Sciences Librarianship. Chicago:
MLA, 1979.
Kieth C. Wright, ALA Representative
Current Position
Professor and Chair, Department of Library Science and Educa-
tional Technology, University of North Carolina at Greens-
boro
Education
D.L.S., Columbia University
MS.L.S., Columbia University
Professional Activities
NCLA, Education Committee, Chair, 1984-
ALA, ASCLA, Library Service to the Deaf Section, Chair
ALA, LAMA, Building and Equipment Committee
Maryland Advisory Council on Libraries, 1977-80
Publications
Library and Information Services for Handicapped Individu-
als. 2d edition (1983).
Journal articles on related topics and library education
Join NCLA
What is NCLA?
® the only statewide organization interested in
the total library picture in North Carolina,
whose purpose is to promote libraries and
library service in the state
@ an affiliate of the American Library Association
and the Southeastern Library Association, with
voting representation on each council
What are the benefits of membership?
© provides opportunities for interaction among
those interested in good library service
® entitles you to receive North Carolina Librar-
ies, a quarterly journal, winner of the presti-
gious H. W. Wilson Award in 1981
®@ gives you the opportunity to develop leadership
skills
® enables you to attend workshops, continuing
education programs, and conferences at re-
duced rates
© keeps you informed on library developments in
the state through an information network and
publications
® gives you individual voting rights in the asso-
ciation
© encourages support staff and paraprofessionals
to join at reduced rates
® entitles you to membership in one of the sec-
tions or roundtables of the association
To enroll as a member of the association or to
renew your membership, check the appropriate
type of membership and the sections or roundta-
bles which you wish to join. NCLA membership
entitles you to,membership in one of the sections
or roundtables shown below at no extra cost. For
each additional section, add $4.00 to your regular
dues.
Return the form below along with your check
or money order made payable to North Carolina
Library Association. All memberships are for two
calendar years. If you enroll during the last quar
ter of a year, membership will cover the next two
years.
Sen ae RR SES RRR PE PRESS ESS Ra PSE SR SSE RS STEPPE SE STS, SESE SE SSD SCE ST SE ES I SE A LE OES D6 EES
NORTH CAROLINA LIBRARY ASSOCIATION
"" New membership "" Renewal "" Membership no.
Name
First Middle Last
Position
Business Address
City or Town State Zip Code
Mailing Address (if different from above)
CHECK TYPE OF DUES:
© SPECIAL-Trustees, paraprofessional and support staff, non-salaries persons,
retired librarians, library school students, oFriends of the Library,� and non-
NTETADAN Gest ck eae RONAN Seabees Wa hakee VET Ete D ENE Rates © Lele ep ed $15.00
O LIBRARIANS"earning up to $12,000 ............ cc cceee ence eee e eee e es
0 LIBRARIANS"earning $12,000 to $20,000
O LIBRARIANS"earning over $20,000 ................ccc cece sees e eee
O CONTRIBUTING"individual, Association, Firm, etc. interested in the work of
NOL AR MIR ANG Sut Rh BACK icc Pek een Aid Fon ve they Mit Mya cele pba an Ab iG Yo $50.00
CHECK SECTIONS: One free; $4.00 each additional.
O Children's O Trustees O Women's Round Table
O College O Public 5 A
Documents OO Ref. & Adult HIEthnic Minorities RT
O Jr. College O RTSS (Res.-Tech.)
CO NCASL (School) © JMRT
AMOUNT ENCLOSED $.
"BES RN rR AR ER 980° RAR TARA BERL A SE REESE HC OREN A ER el hn SANNA ERED
Mail to: Eunice Drum. Treasurer, NCLA, Division of State Library, 109 East Jones Street, Raleigh,
NC 27611.
1984 Winter"169
Acquiring an On-Line System
for an Academic Library
Raymond A. Frankle, K. Randall May, Wilson M. Stahl, and David J. Zaehringer
Background
This article describes the process followed by
the J. Murrey Atkins Library in acquiring an inte-
grated library system. The J. Murrey Atkins
Library is a medium-sized university library serving
the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, one
of sixteen campuses of the University of North
Carolina system.
Atkins Library has a long tradition of using
automation to enhance services. It has been a
member of SOLINET/OCLC since 1976 and has
had an automated batch process acquisitions sys-
tem for an equal number of years. It has also used
automated techniques to list its periodical and
serials holdings.
The libraryTs administration and faculty real-
ized that, unless we took prompt action, we would
have to invest heavily in additional card catalogs
and human resources to house and maintain an
ever-increasing, complex manual file to access the
library's collections. This prospect, coupled with
our manual circulation systemTs inability to pro-
vide effective control of our circulation process,
led us to take a serious look at automation.
Even more compelling was the potential of an
automated system for increased service to faculty
and students at the university. UNCCTs collections
are housed in a ten-story tower, and the process
of obtaining a location number, going to one of the
stack floors only to find the item not on the shelf,
and only then finding that it has been checked
out, is a frustrating one for many readers. We
hoped to find a system that would advise the
reader that an item was checked out at the same
time it provided the location number. We also
anticipated that an automated catalog would give
our patrons greater collection access by providing
a powerful data base management system that
would allow searches not possible in a manual
system.
Raymond A. Frankle is Director of the J. Murrey Atkins
Library of the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. K.
Randall May, Wilson M. Stahl, and David J. Zaehringer are
members of the LibraryTs staff.
170"North Carolina Libraries
In 1982, the newly appointed director of the
library, after reviewing goals with the library staff,
established a number of committees to investigate
specific areas needing closer scrutiny and plan-
ning. One of these was the relationship between
retrospective conversion of library holdings and
the improvement of services, productivity, and
management. Included in the investigation was
the idea of acquiring or developing an on-line sys-
tem for circulation control and access to library
holdings.
To perform the investigation, a committee
was formed by the director in March 1982. The
committee was requested to odevelop specifica-
tions for an on-line circulation system; to detail
what would be required to create an on-line
catalog; and to investigate whether or not it
would be feasible to utilize an on-line circulation
system as an on-line catalog.� Eight parameters
were given:
® Commercial and noncommercial on-line
circulation and on-line catalog systems should be
investigated.
© Systems must be compatible with the Uni-
versityTs I1.D. system, and student, faculty, and
staff data bases.
® The system must be compatible with exist-
ing machine readable records.
© The system must have on-line access to all
files.
@ The system must be capable of being
shared, if problems involved with sharing can be
resolved.
® The operating system should involve min-
imal staff support outside the library.
® Local programming should be considered
only if other options are not feasible.
® Needs and methods of data entry must be
addressed, in particular as they apply to circula-
tion control and retrospective conversion.
In addition, the director required that the
committee read about on-line systems and ar-
range demonstrations by major vendors of library
on-line systems.
Prior to appointing the committee, the direc-
tor asked for volunteers for the project. He asked
individuals volunteering for committee service to
describe their qualifications for the group relative
to their past experience, current responsibilities,
and personal interest. As a result, he chose a
group of five individuals to serve as the On-line
Circulation and Catalog Committee. The commit-
tee consisted of two from cataloging, one each
from circulation, systems, and reference. Four
were members of the library faculty; the fifth was
our systems analyst; and a representative from
the universitys computer center was also in-
cluded on the committee.
From the beginning, the committee realized
that it would have to proceed in a back-and-forth
fashion"study the literature, then explore an
existing system. The preliminary search of the
literature provided the committee with back-
ground for the initial encounter with a system.
This experience required the committee to ex-
pand its expertise prior to examining the next
system. The evolution of expertise might be
gauged from the fact that the committee first
developed a four-page document entitled oThings
The committee established a
list of functions the ideal sys-
tem should have. It rapidly
became apparent that no such
system existed.
We Need To Know.� After myriad additions, revi-
sions, and changes, the end result was a seventy-
page document of specifications that was sent to
bidders in January 1983. Throughout the process
the committee found other libraries willing to
share their experience and specifications.
The committee visited four operational sys-
tems within a 150-mile radius of Charlotte. Indi-
vidual members ventured farther afield to Long
Island, New York City, Ohio, Georgia, and Iowa. In
addition, several vendors sent representatives to
demonstrate their products to the committee.
Originally the committee established a list of
functions the ideal system should have. It rapidly
became obvious that no such system existed.
Therefore, expectations were adjusted to take
into consideration availability of functions under
development. When writing the specifications,
this was addressed by allowing the vendor to
respond, oWill attempt to develop,� as a category
under many of the ideal system functions.
During its deliberations, the committee at-
tempted to keep the rest of the staff abreast of its
progress. But without the staffs actually encoun-
tering this spectrum of functions that were not
fully developed by all vendors, it proved almost
impossible for them to comprehend the difficulty
the committee was having in comparing systems,
all of which had components in various stages of
development"what some referred to as obuying
promises.� This lack of comprehension bred a dis-
trust of the system that, surprisingly, the subse-
quent availability of additional components only
served to fuel. Still more recent experience with
the system during the time it was being installed
and brought into operation has largely dispelled
this distrust, but it was a pitfall we would rather
have avoided.
We found the process of developing specifica-
tions for an on-line catalog to be more complex
than for an on-line circulation system, because
on-line circulation systems are more common.
The committee had hoped to view an operational
on-line catalog for each system under considera-
tion; however this proved. impossible. There just
weren't enough on-line catalogs in operation. We
made a limited number of trips to view systems
that the committee understood to be in full opera-
tion; however, on arrival, committee members
found several systems less than fully operational.
Yet, some of our most fruitful conversations were
with libraries in the midst of implementing an on-
line catalog system.
Specifications and Coordination
We realized that it was of paramount impor-
tance to inform and consult with others in our
university while formulating our plans for library
automation. Assuming that we could present a
final document to our business office or purchas-
ing department to be sent out for purchase or bid
without some form of review was, we felt, overly
optimistic. These offices have the legal responsi-
bility to make certain that purchasing regulations
are followed. They would have to understand
what the system would accomplish and know its
benefits. With that knowledge, they could help
strengthen the legal components of our bid docu-
ment or purchasing contract. Obviously, the indi-
vidual to whom the library reports would have to
support our inquiry both on a philosophical plane
as well as a practical one, because institutional
resources might have to be shifted in order for the
library to acquire a system.
Other groups, such as the libraryTs Faculty
Advisory Committee, were consulted so that they
1984 Winter"171
understood what the library hoped to accomplish
and why. They then served to help others under-
stand the service benefits that would accrue
through automation.
Early in the process the director of the
library, working with the committee, prepared a
cost analysis of the system, to clarify what bene-
fits were expected for the dollars expended. This
analysis served the library in good stead when
documentation was required by others during the
selection/acquisition process. It did not show an
immediate cost savings but outlined the signifi-
cant increase in services that would outweigh the
systemTs cost. The director took care to avoid
showing cost benefits and savings that he knew
did not or would not exist, feeling that such items
would be counterproductive and do more harm
than good in the final analysis. This cost analysis
will also serve as a measuring device for compar-
ing early expectations to actual results. Break-
even analysis using cumulating costs indicated
the lease/purchase arrangement would show
true cost savings within seven years. This analysis
did not include any new services the library would
provide.
The director of the computer center and the
director of the library discussed, prior to the initi-
ation of the specifications process, the role that
the computer center would have in the develop-
ment, placement, and operation of an integrated
library system and agreed that the center should
be involved in the process of developing specifica-
tions. Although both were aware that it would be
possible to acquire a system that would operate
on the university main computer, a variety of
considerations led them to discard that option as
unworkable in the UNCC environment. The cen-
terTs attitude from the outset was both supportive
and helpful. A member of the computer center
staff became a member of the committee, provid-
ing depth and perspective invaluable to a group
which, at the outset, had limited knowledge and
experience with large computer systems.
Bidding
In developing our specifications, we felt that
it was of prime importance to provide a thorough
articulation of our library goals and how these
related to automation as well as an extensive
study and investigation into our library's opera-
tions and systems. Using these as a foundation,
we developed thorough specifications translating
this knowledge into a series of specific system
requirements and a listing of questions for
vendors to answer. We felt that this process was
172"North Carolina Libraries
essential if we were to receive truly competitive
price quotations. It also provided a formal mech-
anism for distinguishing the differences between
the many commercially available systems with
varying operating systems, library software, and
hardware configurations.
Bidding is a time-consuming process, but it
was required. In retrospect, we feel that the pro-
cess was definitely a positive factor in our delib-
erations. Making an evaluation without following
such a bidding process may save some time in
acquiring a system; however, the time savings are
more than outweighed by the benefits of formally
evaluating a bid response that can become a
legally binding document. We feel that the bidding
process enabled us to obtain the most responsive
system for our needs at the best price.
UNCC was required to prepare bid specifica-
tions and have them reviewed by both the univer-
sity and State Purchasing. In order to understand
the legal requirements that relate to such a bid,
the director of the library and a representative of
the university's business office went to Raleigh
several times throughout the entire process to
meet with individuals who were assigned by State
Purchasing to work in the bid proposal and help
UNCC prepare for the bidding process. The indi-
viduals in State Purchasing offered helpful in-
sights into the construction of a proposal for the
acquisition of the system described in the specifi-
cations being developed by the libraryTs commit-
tee. They also offered suggestions that clarified
the contractual obligations a vendor would be
expected to fulfill and what support would be
available if these obligations were not met. Finally,
their comments and critique helped the commit-
tee to better define its system expectations, to
articulate the system requirements, and to de-
velop an evaluation scheme. The close working
relationships between the committee, the univer-
sity business office, and State Purchasing facili-
tated the entire process.
Evaluation and Bid Process
We submitted final specifications to State
Purchasing in mid-December 1982. That office
released bids in late January. Approximately 140
vendors were invited to bid; the biddersT confer-
ence was held in February 1983 at UNCC. Bids
were formally opened in Raleigh on March 7,
1983; nine companies responded.
The committee first reviewed proposals regard-
ing mandatory specifications. As a result, one
vendor failed to survive this stage of the process.
We then scrutinized the remaining eight vendorsT
proposals using the evaluation scheme developed
earlier. As a result of this process, we recom-
mended that Hewlett-Packard, bidding the Virgin-
ia Tech Library System, be awarded the contract.
The initial cost of the system was about $165,000.
Implementation
As the implementation began, approximately
50 per cent of the library's bibliographic records
were in machine readable form. Because of the
staged availability of various system functions,
the time required to complete retrospective con-
version, and fiscal constraints on our ability to
purchase the system hardware required to utilize
all of the VILS capabilities, we expect the overall
implementation to span three to five years.
Space provided for computer
installation when Atkins Li-
brary was built in 1972 proved
inadequate to the needs of
1983Ts computers.
Long before bids were solicited and a final
decision made on the system to be acquired, we
began to plan for actual installation. The single
most difficult and long-term decision was the
placement of the future computer within the
library. Space provided for computer installation
when Atkins Library was built in 1972 proved
inadequate to the needs of 1983Ts computers.
Alternative space had to be located, and library
functions occupying that space had to be relo-
cated before we could begin to prepare the space
for our computer.
Based on available data, we initially esti-
mated the cost of site preparation at $24,000, and
projected a completion date of June 30, 1983.
Because of the differences in vendorsT equipment
requirements, we could finalize our plans only
after the system was selected. The room was not
ready for equipment installation until almost a
month later than we originally projected, and the
final cost was 33 per cent higher than we antici-
pated. The renovation included wiring for all
terminals, special air conditioning and humidity
control, new flooring, telephones, security system,
and specially conditioned electrical service.
As specifications neared completion, the
committee began to consider the implementation
process. As early as December 1982, the commit-
tee recommended to the director that he appoint
task forces to increase staff involvement in sys-
tem implementation and to increase overall
acceptance of the automated system. In addition,
task forces could ensure inter-unit cooperation
and participation while utilizing more fully the
special skills and expertise of staff in various
units of the library.
The committee, working with the director,
organized the task forces, appointed the mem-
bers, prepared the charges and set deadlines for
the completion of the assignments. The task force
members were a cross-section of library em-
ployees who were assigned to study or implement
particular portions of the anticipated library
automated project. At least one committee
member served on each task force, frequently as
the chair.
After an award was made and the task forces
were established, the On-line Circulation and
Catalog Committee was dissolved. As task forces
made their recommendations, an Implementa-
tion Group was formed to guide the implementa-
tion of the task forcesT recommendations and the
overall system implementation. This group con-
sisted of the associate director; the library sys-
tems person; and representatives from catalog-
ing, circulation, and reference documents. This
Implementation Group is still very much in
operation.
While preparing the site for the physical
placement of the system hardware, we made an
extensive review of the system documentation
and a visit to the vendorTs facility, and we pre-
pared to load data into the system. During this
process, we discovered that VTLS cannot load
copy-specific information about an item. This dis-
covery required significant revision in the way we
labeled and linked the collection. Originally, we
planned to have numbers assigned to each copy,
volume, etc., as identified in each machine read-
able record on the OCLC archive tapes. Barcode
labels were to be generated in shelflist order, elim-
inating the need for a linking project in which
each title is retrieved on-line and connected with
its appropriate barcode number. The inability of
VTLS to load copy-specific data necessitated a
more labor intensive labeling and linking method
and required changes in the way SOLINET pro-
cessed UNCCTs records and in the way the labels
themselves were produced. This change in type of
labels caused a 33 per cent increase in the cost of
the labels.
The library, Hewlett-Packard, and Virginia
Tech mutually agreed that the first phase of the
actual system implementation would be the
installation of the system hardware. This oc-
1984 Winter"173
curred approximately ninety days after the bid
was awarded. The hardware included the compu-
ter itself, two disk drives, a tape drive, two
modems, a printer, and eight terminals. All the
heating and air conditioning, electrical work, and
data cables had to be in place before the vendor
would install the equipment. Hewlett-Packard
installed the hardware and its operating system
in about two days. A two week hardware oshake-
down� period was programmed into the imple-
mentation schedule; only after that would library-
specific VTLS software be installed.
As a result of unforeseen delays, the VTLS
software was not installed until six weeks after
the hardware and operating system were in
place. The actual VILS software installation took
only a few hours and was combined with the
initial VTLS training session. At this session, VTLS
representatives trained one group of staff mem-
bers who would be responsible for overall system
operation and another group that would deal
with data base maintenance. These two groups
included staff members from the circulation, sys-
Dr. Lester Asheim was awarded an Honorary Life Member-
ship at the 1984 ALA conference in Dallas. Asheim is William
Rand Kenan, Jr., Professor of Library Science, Emeritus, at
the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
174"North Carolina Libraries
tems, and cataloging units. At these initial train-
ing sessions, which lasted approximately two
days, instructors covered such topics as logging
onto the system, tape loading, data backup
procedures, and record editing. The Virginia Tech
Library System comes with extensive documenta-
tion, and the system is relatively easy to use, but
the initial training was very important to familiar-
ize staff with the basic system operation.
Immediately after installation of the VTLS
software and the initial training sessions, we
began the loading of the OCLC archive records
from tape. SOLINET extracted UNCCTs records
from its master file, eliminated duplicate records
from the extract file, and converted earlier
records to AACRII. The tapes produced by
SOLINET contained the libraryss OCLC records
produced from 1976 through May 1983. One
hundred eight thousand records, or approxi-
mately 50 per cent of the collection, were loaded
from these tapes. SOLINET also generated print-
outs of these records in shelflist order.
The Virginia Tech Library System loaded
these full MARC records at the rather slow aver-
age rate of one per minute. The system required
this large amount of time to index every record. It
utilized another six hours per eight thousand
records loaded (or 0.5 minutes/record) to make
backup copies of the data base. The backups will
be used to re-create the data base in case of sys-
tem failure.
While this OCLC tape load was taking place,
very little else could be done on the system. Staff
were encouraged to experiment with searching
on the system. As records were loaded into the
system, the catalog maintenance staff checked
for duplicate titles, possible author and subject
heading conflicts, and duplicate call numbers.
After each group of eight thousand records was
loaded, a printout of problem records was gener-
ated and given to the catalog maintenance staff.
They reviewed these records and made appro-
priate changes to the records in the system.
Because of the time required for this activity, the
catalog maintenance staff limited the amount of
maintenance work it performed on the card
catalog. This decision was made in anticipation of
closing the card catalog.
In the early part of the tape load, a disk drive
failed. The problem was caused by defective
materials in the drive unit. Because this failure
occurred before the first data base backup run,
the entire tape load had to be restarted. The
hardware vendor responded quickly, but the fail-
ure added a total of six days to the tape load.
While warranties and maintenance contracts
ensured that the vendor would repair the system
components, the loss of data was not covered by
these agreements. The disk failure reinforced the
libraryTs decision to adhere to a frequent backup
schedule.
While the tape load was in progress, desig-
nated library staff worked with the universityTs
computer center to convert student, staff, and
faculty records to the VTLS format. The computer
center supplied these records on tape. The OCLC
tape load was interrupted, and the ten thousand
patron records were loaded in about three hours.
This patron file was rechecked and reloaded a
month later because there were problems with
duplicate records in the university's file we had
used to create our patron file.
Labeling
Concurrent with the loading of the OCLC
records, the entire library staff occupied itself
with labeling items in the collection for which
there were records on the OCLC tape. The label-
ing project also identified problems that would
have to be resolved by the cataloging department.
These problems consisted of errors in call
numbers and incorrect location indicators. Both
the tape load and the labeling project spanned a
period of about three months.
The barcoding procedures evolved largely
from a report submitted to the director by the
Barcoding Task Force. This report also included
recommendations on labeling newly acquired
materials. The Task Force decided to label that
part of the collection already in machine readable
form, rather than to follow the oquick and dirty
method� of labeling items and linking records at
the time of their initial circulation on the auto-
mated system. As mentioned earlier, the discov-
ery that the Virginia Tech Library System could
not load item-specific information brought us to
the realization that the linking process would
have to be performed manually. The Barcoding
Task Force recommended that we use duplicate
labels for those items already in the collection.
One copy of the label would be placed on the item;
the other, on the list of titles which SOLINET had
produced in call number order. While the use of
duplicate labels increased their cost, it eliminated
the need to key in the ten-digit identification
number for each record manually, since light pens
could be employed for this purpose.
The printouts of the titles being loaded into
the system from the SOLINET tapes were sorted
first by OCLC holding library code and then by
call number. The printout was formatted so there
was sufficient space under each entry to attach a
barcode label. Each entry on the printout con-
sisted of the OCLC number, the call number, title,
and format. Each person on the labeling project
was instructed to find the book on the shelf using
the call number on the printout, verify that the
title of the book and that on the printout
matched, and then label the book and the entry
on the printout with matching barcode labels.
The actual labeling procedures were more com-
plex because they specified the handling of such
problems as call numbers or titles not matching,
books in a different holding library, books in cir-
culation, or books missing. The labeled print-outs
were then used for linking the barcode number to
the record in the system.
Preparation of instructions for the labeling
teams consumed unexpectedly large portions of
the committeeTs time and resulted in many drafts
without ever fully eliminating the ambiguities in
the instructions. Part of the problem was that the
instructions were lengthy, so that people did not
read them thoroughly to begin with and did not
consult the instructions while labeling in the
stacks.
Dr. Edward G. Holley recently announced that he will step
down from the deanship of the School of Library Science at
the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
1984 Winter"175
We had initially planned the project for the
two-week break between the end of the summer
session and the beginning of the fall session. But
problems with the supplier of the barcodes forced
us to delay the project until after the fall session
had begun. To compensate for the delay, we
offered staff overtime pay or compensatory time
off for working nights and weekends, although
the major portion of the project was completed
during normal work hours. We set quotas for
each unit based upon the number of staff in that
unit. Each two-person team was expected to label
180 books per hour, but the actual average rate
achieved was 150 books per hour.
The cataloging unit cleaned up the biblio-
graphic problems (primarily call number and/or
title inconsistencies), and the circulation unit
searched a second time for the very significant
number of volumes not located in the initial
search. We located a large percentage of the more
than five thousand volumes marked omissing� on
the initial search when they were searched a
second time in February and March 1984. One
thousand one hundred twenty volumes remain
unaccounted for.
After we had loaded both the patron data
base and more than 50 per cent of the bibliogra-
phic data base, the VTLS staff returned to con-
duct more extensive training for another two-day
period. These training sessions were broken up
into functional units for those involved in system
operations, circulation, cataloging, and general
searching. Of necessity, each group included staff
members with varying levels of experience with
the system. After the training sessions, we
encouraged staff members to work with the sys-
tem, since we judged the effectiveness of the
training would be related more to the amount of
work staff members did with the system after
training than to the amount of experience they
had before training.
Many other planning activities occurred
while the tape load and labeling were being done.
Task forces reviewed the following procedures:
how new books were to be entered into the sys-
tem and how the data base was to be maintained;
how circulation parameters should be deter-
mined and their effect on policies; procedures for
retrospective conversion of items not in the sys-
tem when those items circulated, a process
known as orolling conversion,� and how public
access to the system was to be addressed, includ-
ing terminal requirements, signs referring patrons
from the system to the card catalog and vice
versa, and preparation of a guide to using the
system.
176"North Carolina Libraries
During this period we chose a logo and local
name, oAladdin� (Atkins Library Automated Data
Distribution Information Network). We decided
that ten to twelve public access terminals would
be required before the card catalog could be
closed.
We began the linking project only after the
OCLC tape load and labeling project were com-
pleted. In this process, the barcodes on the books
were linked to the records in the system, a pro-
cess requisite to circulating materials on-line and
to allowing the reader to identify the location of
each item within the library: general collection,
oversize, reference, etc. Before linking, a bookTs
location is given only in the 049 field on the MARC
screen, a screen not ordinarily available to the
reader.
The disk failure reinforced the
libraryTs decision to adhere to
a frequent backup schedule.
The linking procedures utilized the labeled
printouts from the labeling project. To link a
record, a staff member first retrieved the record
from the system using the OCLC number. The title
and call number of the entry on the printout was
compared with that on the record in the system.
If they matched, the number was read into the
record by reading the label on the printout with a
light pen attached to the terminal.
Four terminals distributed throughout the
library were used to link the book label and the
appropriate bibliographic record. This project
began almost as soon as the initial labeling pro-
ject was completed and again included all library
staff. Each unit had an appointed coordinator for
the project, who was trained to answer the kinds
of questions and problems that would arise in the
linking process. These coordinators checked all
print-out sheets as the linking was completed,
before the sheets were sent on to cataloging for
the resolution of problems that were discovered
during the linking process. For all records, except
those still in circulation, the linking was com-
pleted by the target date, which was three
months after the completion of the labeling proj-
ect. The circulation unit linked the remaining
items in a gradual process, largely finished before
the library began to use the system for circulation
control. Based on the complexity of the bibliogra-
phic requirements for multivolume sets, we
decided that it would be both easier and wiser for
the cataloging department to handle the linking
of those items.
A short time after the linking project was
begun, we received and installed a new release of
the VTLS software. This new release included the
authority control module, which brought us to
the realization that about eight thousand of the
libraryTs authority records would also require a
retrospective conversion project. At this point, we
are still discussing how extensive our authority
records need to be. The capabilities of the system
allow for very extensive records, but we have to
balance this against staff resources and the need
to perform other tasks.
The terminals assigned for linking were
usually heavily used for that project during the
normal work day. As a result, the library expe-
rienced response times greater than ten seconds
during these periods of heavy linking activity. To
the system, linking is equivalent to cataloging;
during these periods, then, the staff ocataloged�
(i.e. linked) more than eight thousand records
per day! The resulting slower response time
slowed the completion of the entire linking
project.
Before direct loading of records began, sys-
tem backups, which take six hours, were per-
formed during normal work hours, during which
time the system was unavailable for other activi-
ties. Once we began direct loading from OCLC, we
could no longer afford such long periods during
which our catalogers could input nothing into the
system. Direct loading required the OCLC termi-
nals to be interfaced with the VTLS. When the
person updated or produced a record on OCLC,
the record was simultaneously added to our
VTLS. Because of the nature of the interface, if the
VTLS was unavailable, the OCLS terminals were
also unavailable. Therefore, we hired two student
workers to perform the system backup operation
on Sundays before the library opens. The libraryTs
systems analyst is available via telephone at home
during this time in case a problem arises; thus far,
this arrangement has worked well.
We ran a second and final OCLC tape load
about three months after the initial tape load was
completed. The second tape included all OCLC
records generated from the time the first tape
was produced to the time we began direct loading
of OCLC records. This tape consists of 17,800
records and was loaded at night in small seg-
ments, so that the loading process would not
interfere with normal library operations. The
second tape load necessitated a second labeling
and linking project.
In addition to adding each record to our data
base, we have saved each transaction, such as
adding or modifying a record, or linking an item,
on a log tape. We can combine these log tapes
with the last data base backup tapes to recon-
struct our data base in case of a system failure.
The OCLC tapes were loaded at times when few or
no other transactions were being performed on
the system since, with only one tape drive, logging
transactions could not be performed while OCLC
tapes were being loaded.
Circulating Materials
We began circulating materials on the system
about one year after it was installed. At first, we
used dual circulation systems: some items circu-
lated on-line while others were circulated manu-
ally. This provided the circulation staff with
options while they became familiar with the sys-
tem. It also provided the cataloging unit with
more time to prepare for handling the conversion
of items circulated but not in the system. The cir-
culation staff was trained to generate various
notices (e.g., overdues, holds, recalls). Our goal
was to train each library unit to be responsible for
the system functions that are directly related to
its activities. Thus, we eliminated the need for the
library units to be totally dependent on a central
operations staff for routine operations and
reports.
Our goal was to train each
library unit to be responsible
for the system functions that
are directly related to its activ-
ities.
Our public access plans for the system
include both terminals and dial access. Public
access terminals were installed in the summer of
1984. We rearranged the public catalog in order
to obtain space to accommodate the public
access terminals. Patron acceptance of the public
terminals has been quite high.
As we added terminals to the system, the
internal memory of the computer had to be
increased to maintain acceptable response times.
Within one year after installation, we increased
the memory from .5 MB (megabytes) to 1.5 MB to
2.0 MB. At the beginning of that year, we had nine
devices such as terminals and printers, on the
system; one year later, there were twenty-nine
such devices on the system.
1984 Winter"177
Dial access will allow patrons with appro-
priate equipment to access the system via tele-
phone lines. This dial access will operate through
the university's campus-wide data communica-
tions network. An important aspect of dial access
is systems security. Before we can make dial
access available, we will either have to acquire or
write in-house programs to eliminate terminal-
generated character sequences that would allow
the user to enter the computerTs operating
system.
Six months after the system implementation
began, the director appointed a select committee
to review our goal of closing the catalog, a
recommendation reviewed and endorsed by the
libraryTs Faculty Advisory Committee. We plan to
close the card catalog within the year.
Before the card catalog can be closed, we
must have a backup COM (computer output on
microform) catalog. Staff have developed the
specifications for a backup COM catalog on fiche,
which will not need extensive displays or fre-
quent updates. The COM catalog will utilize
records from the library's system. We hope to
have as many COM catalogs with fiche readers as
there are public access terminals.
One of the more immediate ways in which
the on-line system has had an impact upon the
library user is through the circulation of library
materials. The Circulation Task Force, charged in
part with examining existing policies and proce-
dures regulating the borrowing of library mate-
rials, was one of the first to begin operation. It
undertook to rethink existing policies with a view
toward improving services to users as well as
increasing control and accessibility of materials
far exceeding what is possible with a manual
system.
The Circulation Task Force surveyed faculty
opinions and canvassed other universities for
comparative information on circulation policies.
Surprisingly, the task force retained many of our
policies. We effected major changes in regulations
governing faculty borrowing: we established a
limit to the number of times a faculty member
may renew an item; we now allow renewal from a
list of items checked out for faculty (the change
most requested by faculty); and we were able to
strengthen the library's means of enforcing recall
of library materials by instituting a process made
up of notices, billings, and fines for lack of
response. The capabilities of the system made
these changes possible.
We have already mentioned that we did, for
some time, operate dual circulation systems:
manual and automated. This allowed the circula-
178"North Carolina Libraries
tion staff time to develop techniques for loading,
managing, and updating the patron data base.
This is a major task and proved a major road-
block to a smooth transition at the circulation
desk. During the transition period, we found that
performance of the circulation routines required
two to three times the normal amount of time.
An even more critical factor in the switch-
over process is the interface of automated circu-
lation with those materials in the collection that
are not in the data base. There are various ways
to accomplish the conversion of these materials.
We chose a orolling conversion� in which barcode
labels are placed on such materials when they
circulate. Duplicate barcode labels are placed on
the book cards, from which the cataloging unit
converts and links the books. Given the loan
period, the cataloging staff feel that they can have
the bibliographic records in the system before any
overdues need to be run.
The best way to determine a
systemTs capabilities is to see
it in actual operation.
The library is beginning to see various effi-
ciencies gained from using the system. The
implementation of an integrated system involved
the review of virtually every operation in the
library. Some streamlining of operations evolved
simply from the review. Already the acquisitions
staff can do a significant amount of initial pre-
order checking without leaving the acquisitions
area. As the implementation progresses, the
library anticipates eliminating redundancies that
a manual system required.
System implementation added to the total
work burden during the transitional phases. For
example, until cataloging could load records
directly into VTLS from OCLC, the system created
additional work for the catalogers without elimi-
nating any of their other work. The direct load
capability eliminated most of this additional
work, and we began to realize some efficiency. Of
course, when the card catalog is closed, signifi-
cant gains in efficiency will be made. As staff
began to use the system, their acceptance of the
system often reduced the time of the transitional
period from manual to on-line processes.
The implementation process has also height-
ened each of the library unitsT awareness of other
unitsT activities. Both through planning discus-
sions and through every unitTs access to the
library's central file, everyone has become more
involved in what everyone else is doing.
We expect the implementation process to
last three to five years. New functions such as
keyword searching, serials control, and acquisi-
tions with fund accounting may be added to the
system during this period. The system offers
many possibilities for handling collections that
could not be fully integrated into the library's
record systems before they were automated.
Documents and audiovisual materials collections
are still controlled by separately maintained
manual records, but we plan to bring these into
the on-line system. The system also provides
opportunities for a more sophisticated collection
development effort. We will be analyzing and dis-
cussing these possibilities throughout the imple-
mentation process, reviewing them as each new
function or collection is added to the system. The
integrated library system will, in fact, integrate
the library.
Summary
The staff of the J. Murrey Atkins Library have
learned many things from this systemTs acquisi-
tion and implementation process that may be of
help to other libraries about to embark on the
same type of undertaking.
® Maintenance of ongoing communications
with the entire library staff throughout the sys-
tem acquisition and implementation process is
essential to the success of the process. Low pres-
sure, gradual involvement of many library staff
members in task force activities, training, and
general discussions allow people to become famil-
iar with the system in a non-threatening way.
@ The best way to determine a systemTs
capabilities is to see it in actual operation in a
library.
® The best way to ascertain that a systemTs
capabilities will suit your needs is by taking refer-
ence questions, searches, and other transactions
from your own library and trying them on the
system being examined.
@ Pay particular attention to the sequence
and type of screen displays the user must work
through when doing bibliographic searches on
the system. An on-line catalog is different from a
manual one in many aspects. The systemTs han-
dling of bibliographic searching may require both
changes in cataloging operations and in the user's
approach to a search. Small details, such as the
occurrence of the system vendor's name on the
screen, can result in confusion for the user.
® Contact other libraries that have been
through the system acquisition and implementa-
tion process. They are the most valuable sources
of information on the subject. However, be sure to
do background preparation by reading the litera-
ture and establishing your own goals for a system
first.
@ Realize that the cost for an automated sys-
tem includes much more than the cost of the
hardware and software. Other costs include
space renovation, supplies, processing of the
library's existing machine readable data, data
conversion, and necessary system upgrades. A
hidden cost, not often considered, is that of the
extensive staff time required for acquiring and
implementing a system.
Be prepared to be unsettled
during the system implemen-
tation.
® Despite your best efforts to word specifi-
tions so as to elicit unambiguous responses from
the vendors, be prepared for misinterpretations
to occur. Again, the best way to evaluate a sys-
temTs capabilities is to work with the system.
© Be prepared to be unsettled during the
system implementation. Because of the complex-
ity of library operations and of the systems them-
selves, it is virtually impossible to have all the
answers ahead of time. Unexpected problems
and the need for unexpected decisions will arise.
As more systems are installed and operate
for longer periods of time and as the literature "
particularly the literature relating to on-line
catalog systems " becomes more plentiful, the
problem of selecting a system will become less
adventuresome, though probably even more
complex. While involved with the selection pro-
cess, the group given the responsibility for select-
ing the system must also communicate its proce-
dures to staff not involved in the selection
process. Keeping such lines of communication
open is important not only because it will affect
the whole staff attitude toward the system as it is
brought into operation, but because staff input to
the selection committee will point up areas of
concern and importance that will ultimately
become primary concerns of the entire group of
users of the system.
The installation of an on-line system is a
major undertaking for any library and one that
1984 Winter"179
can be both satisfying and frustrating. This article Matthews, Joseph R. Public Access to Online Catalogs: A Plan-
could only highlight briefly some of these expe- ning Guide for Managers. Weston, Connecticut: Online, Inc.,
~ é 1982.
riences from the perspective of one North Caro- Mitre Corporation: METREK Division. Machine Readable Identi-
lina academic library. Any one aspect could be fication Systems for Library Materials. Prepared for The
described in significantly greater detail. The Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications,
authors welcome questions and comments. National Library of Medicine. (NTIS PB-282 499), 1978.
Selected Bibliography
Boss, Richard W. oAutomated Circulation Control Systems.�
Library Technology Reports 18 (March - April 1982): 125-
266.
Boss, Richard W. oCirculation Systems Update.� Library Tech- This publication
is available
nology Reports 16 (March - April 1980): 119-122.
Cochran, Pauline A. oSubject Access in the Online Catalog.�
e e
Research Libraries in OCLC: A Quarterly 5 (January in micr oform.
1982): 1-7. from University
Consortium To Develop an Online Catalog (CONDOC). oSpecifi- Microfilms
cations for an On-Line Catalog.� Unpublished report. Notre International.
Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Library, 1982.
Horny, Karen L. oOnline Catalogs: Coping with the Choices.� Call toll-free 800-521-3044. In Michigan,
Journal of Academic Librarianship 8 (March 1982); 14-19, mail inquiry to: University Microfilms International,
Markuson, Barbara Evans, et al. Guidelines for Library Auto- 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106.
mation: a Handbook for Federal and Other Libraries.
Santa Monica, California: System Development Corporation,
1972.
Matthews, Joseph R. Choosing an Automated Library System: A
Planning Guide. Chicago: American Library Association,
1980.
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180"North Carolina Libraries
I&R
and Public Library Management
Donald Beagle
Much has been written about information
and referral (I&R) as a public library service for
patrons. To be sure, public need is the ultimate
justification for any public library service. But I&R
has the potential to meet an additional need: that
of the library manager for information on com-
munity resources and problems confronted by
area residents.
Briefly stated, I&R links people who have
problems to people and agencies who can provide
solutions. Before I&R staff can perform this func-
tion they must conduct an inventory of local
resources; the word resources being broadly
defined to include far-flung social programs as
well as the local expert on beekeeping. This com-
munity resource file is then used to answer ques-
tions from the public, the goal being to refer
callers to agencies or individuals who can address
their needs.
Most I&R services also keep at least a min-
imal account of patron calls, and many record
more detailed information about each transac-
tion. Both the record of calls and the community
resource file contain data that can impinge on
management decisions in such areas as planning,
collection development, adult programming, and
public relations. This article briefly considers the
use of I&R files as a management tool in each of
these areas.
Planning
Users of the ALA publication A Planning
Process for Public Libraries will be familiar with
the need for extensive data collection prior to
establishing goals and objectives. oThe early steps
of the planning process require information about
the community and its population, its library and
other information resources, and library perfor-
mance.�! Data collected toward this end is often
compiled in a self-study and/or community analy-
sis.
The I&R resource file and record of calls can
provide valuable raw material, as well as a coher-
Don Beagle is Library Administrator for the Lee County
Library System in Sanford.
ent framework, for those portions of an analysis
dealing with the community, its population, and
its alternative information resources. This data
would naturally need to be interpreted within the
context of library planning requirements.
A second area of data collection in the plan-
ning process involves o... characteristics of users
and non-users and reasons for non-use.� Citizen
and staff surveys are discussed in this regard. The
whole area of representative sampling (with its
attendant problem of patron confidentiality) is
too vast to be dealt with here. But at least one
study has suggested that telephone information
service is the library service most likely to attract
traditional non-users.T An established I&R service
will include in its record of calls a significant
number of queries from persons who use the
library for no other purpose. Opportunities for
surveys exist at two points in a typical I&R opera-
tion, either at the initial point of contact or during
follow-up calls.
Is the type of information available to an I&R
service appropriate for library surveys? Consider
the sample survey in A Planning Process, des-
cribed as being suitable for a ten- to fifteen-min-
ute telephone interview. Its first section is o
designed to determine individual(s) perceptions
of their information needs, how they meet such
needs, and how well they are satisfied.* This, of
course, goes to the very heart of I&R; nearly every
caller expresses such a need as well as the
attempts they have already made to meet it.
Three of the five questions in this first section
of the sample survey deal with specific population
groups whose problems are routinely served by
I&R programs: older adults who require special
programs, consumers who want financial coun-
seling, and newcomers who ask for directories of
local agencies and services. Many communities
establish specialized I&R services to deal with
such groups individually. But a comprehensive,
library-based I&R program can integrate its data
into a broad overview of the community while
serving the library managerTs need for planning
information.
1984 Winter"181
The second section of the survey deals with
community activities. oAsking questions about
community involvement allows planners to relate
this type of activity to specific population groups
... Differentiating interest areas by population
groups can help the library to design services to
meet the needs of particular groups, especially
the underserved.� Again, the I&R service is likely
to reach groups not served by other library
departments, and the type of patron questions it
will address are closely related to the survey ra-
tionale. (One study has indicated that informal
and formal community involvement is a positive
indicator of library use.® It would be interesting to
know whether a local I&R program fosters
greater community and civic involvement. )
The planning process does not end with the
first analysis. Evaluation of progress is cyclical,
requiring periodic updates of the community
study. Such updates, done by a hurried manager
during a single week each year, will be at best a
series of snapshots of a changing scene. But I&R
files provide a picture of the community that
evolves along with its subject. While not yielding
the same quantity of data as the survey, the regu-
lar call files can capture changing currents of
local interest not always reported in the popular
media. When this author directed ACCESS Line in
Cumberland County, I&R staff were aware of a
newly formed otax revolt� lobby group well before
local newspapers caught the story.
Collection Development
An ever larger section of the reference collec-
tion consists of directories of organizations, sub-
ject specialists, and information networks and
services. Such directories go beyond the role of
traditional encyclopedic reference tools in that
they provide secondary information the user may
need to seek out primary answers. They may be
seen as printed equivalents of I&R services. The
reference librarian who includes such directories
in a search strategy blurs the distinction between
reference and I&R.
Has this distinction ever been valid? Refer-
ence librarians have used such directories for
many years. The question goes beyond the proper
scope of this article, but I would venture to say
that many librarians have felt that their service
responsibility (both in reference and collection
development) begins with the patron and ends at
the printed page. I would simply suggest that
optimal selection and use of directories entails a
service responsibility that begins with the patron
and extends beyond the printed page into the
182"North Carolina Libraries
wider information environment of the commun-
ity. Such a service responsibility is inherent in
I&R.
The I&R service will reflect potential interest
in the many specialized self-help manuals being
published, especially in such areas as health, con-
sumer rights, and the law. Local interest in the
arts, crafts and recreation will also be indicated.
Questions about topics on the cutting edge of the
news may be the first clues to future widespread
interest.
A recent issue of Popular Government pro-
filed a municipal documents collection and an
adult education project as examples of emerging
library information services.T It is worth noting
that use of such special collections can be facili-
tated by comprehensive I&R services. Through
their regular contacts with personnel in govern-
ment and education, I&R staff stay abreast of new
programs which inevitably generate printed mate-
rials. Conversely, collections of governmental and
institutional documents greatly help staff who
provide information and referrals to patrons.
Adult Programming
oThe sensitive programmer can keep informed
about the needs of the community by making the
library an active member of strategic local organi-
zations.�T Patricia M. Grim has given us this advice
in her primer for programming. I would only add
that there is no more strategic organization for
identifying community needs than the I&R ser-
vice. The programmer should indeed keep close
contact with local I&R staff. And if such do not
already exist in a community, then the library
manager has the option of establishing the I&R
service as a omember� of his own organization.
Many librarians have felt that
their service responsibility be-
gins with the patron and ends
at the printed page.
ACCESS Line has shown that an I&R service
can mount effective community programming on
its own.° Its files can be used in two ways: in iden-
tification of topics likely to be of interest and in
identification of resource people to serve as
speakers or moderators. Every community has
individuals with unique talents and abilities. The
I&R inventory will have identified and contacted
many of them.
The I&R program can directly serve groups as
well as individuals. Americans are joiners, and
community groups form around topics of com-
mon concern. The same linking function applies
whether the question is expressed by one person
or by the entire membership of an organization.
The referral provided by I&R staff applies
whether it means giving one phone number to one
patron or arranging for an entire panel of
resource people to speak at a community meet-
ing.
Finally, the library with an I&R service may
well have a higher profile in the minds of other
agency staff members than will a library with no
such service. This is because many I&R programs
are initiated by community advisory boards or
involvement councils, with representatives from
the agencies in question. Certainly, the library
manager who wishes to maximize the I&R pro-
gramTs benefit to the library should invite such
participation. Service providers in many fields are
expected to do programming. They should more
readily think of the library as a cooperative agent
for their programs when they helped to establish
its I@R department and handle referrals from its
staff.
There is no more strategic
organization for identifying com-
munity needs than the I & R
service.
Public Relations
oBy representing the library, a programmer
can offer to locate needed information for
another agency, keep abreast of community activ-
ities and needs, publicize a program or service,
and generate positive public relations for the
library.�!° True; and when I&R staff are themselves
representing the library in daily contacts as well
as in interagency meetings, the public relations
potential described above is, if anything, en-
hanced.
In times of tight money, every unit of
government is called upon to defend its relevance
to taxpayer needs. While the call may be voiced by
elected officials, the final arbiter will be the aver-
age citizen who asks oHow is the library important
to me?� I&R questions are different from refer-
ence queries. The difference between the question
oIn what year did the Lusitania sink?� and oWhere
do I appeal the denial of my claim for workmanTs
compensation?� is more than the difference
between any two random questions. I would only
again suggest that a proper response to the
second question requires a different stance
toward the community. Without slighting the
importance of the first question, I would also sug-
gest that a library that will not deal with the
second risks being perceived as a luxury rather
than as a necessity. At the very least, the library
manager who can point to areas of urgent com-
munity interest that the I&R program has
addressed has a handy wedge to drive in any
debate over the relevance of libraries today.
The I&R inventory can be an excellent time to
improve interagency relations. Opportunities for
support and coordination may be missed if there
is a lack of regular communication. Again, Patri-
cia GrimTs primer warns us against unnecessary
duplication of effort among agencies. It was to
expressly avoid such duplication that the United
Way began a nationwide promotion of I&R servi-
ces.
The results of the I&R inventory may be com-
piled in a booklet format for community distribu-
tion. Such a directory can be an effective public
relations tool so long as its contents are accurate
and up to date. It can be organized to highlight
the libraryTs own contributions to the cultural and
intellectual life of the community. Portions of the
directory dealing with services to particular
groups could be reprinted as brochures and dis-
tributed to those constituencies in the area.
Conclusion
The use of I&R as a library management tool
is not a panacea. This article has deliberately
stressed its potential advantages. But no manager
should hope to sit back and let I&R staff do the
planning, programming, and public relations for
the library. And while I have described I&R as a
library-based service, it exists as an independent
agency in many localities. Even so, it offers the
library manager potential tools for understanding
and serving his or her community.
Effective use of these tools requires confront-
ing a number of questions. How can the inventory
be best conducted to supply answers for analysis
and planning? How can follow-up calls best be
structured to allow for user surveys? How closely
should the I&R service be identified with the
library in its publicity? Such questions admit no
general answers, only special solutions for each
individual library.
Nor can the solutions be arbitrarily or con-
clusively given. Library staff continually face
1984 Winter"183
novelty in the form of new questions, new com-
munity needs, new political pressures, and new
opportunities. Novelty forces our plans, our col-
lections, our programs, and our public relations
to change. I&R offers us a channel for sensing and
responding to change.
References
1. Vernon E. Palmour, Marcia C. Bellassai, and Nancy: V.
DeWath, A Planning Process for Public Libraries (Chicago:
American Library Association, 1980), 10.
2. Ibid., 24.
3. George D'Elia, oA Procedure for Identifying and Surveying
Potential Users of Public Libraries,� Library Research 2
(1980/81): 239-249.
4, Palmour, 158
5. Ibid., 160.
6. Douglas Zweizig and Brenda Dervin, oPublic Library Use,
Users, Uses: Advances in Knowledge of the Characteristics and
Needs of the Adult Clientele of American Public Libraries,�
7. Jane Williams and Rebecca Ballentine, oExpanding Local
Services in North CarolinaTs Public Libraries,� Popular Govern-
ment 47 (Fall 1981): 1-9.
8. Patricia M. Grim, oThe Programming Process: A Primer,�
North Carolina Libraries 41 (Summer 1983): 75.
9. Donald Beagle and Douglas Lacy, oOutreach Services for Pub-
lic Library I&R: Measuring Effectiveness,� Public Library Quar-
terly 3 (Winter 1982): 33-47.
10. Grim, 75.
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184"North Carolina Libraries
Cape Fear Union List of Serials
The sixth edition (1984) of the Cape Fear
Union List of Serials is now available. The Union
List includes approximately two thousand serials
titles held by Cape Fear area libraries, including
Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville Techni-
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Main Post Library (Fort Bragg), Methodist Col-
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CFLA would like to extend special thanks to
Barbara Beattie, Cape Fear Valley Medical Center,
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available for $7.00. Orders may be sent to
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An invoice will be mailed along with the list.
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Microcomputers in Public Libraries
for Public Access: A Survey
Jennifer K. Carpenter
Microcomputers for public use are appearing
in increasing numbers in public libraries around
the United States. Public access services, which
were first instituted in the late 1970s, are now
geographically widespread. However, only a rela-
tively small percentage of public libraries had
implemented the service by the beginning of 1984.
Many libraries are now considering adding such
services. The use of microcomputers has been the
subject of numerous articles, conferences, and
workshops for libraries. Since micros are such a
current topic of concern, very little research is
available on their use. The purpose of the
research for this survey was to determine the
present use of microcomputers for public access
in public libraries.
Review of Related Literature
The demand for information about compu-
ters has created an abundance of literature for
libraries. The focus of much of this literature is
directed towards staff use of micros for library
operations. As more and more libraries have
implemented public access projects in the past
three years, the amount of related literature has
increased. No books were located that were solely
concerned with public access; in the few books
about all applications of micros in libraries, public
access was briefly treated as one of the applica-
tions. Only one journal article revealed a research
study related to public use of micros in libraries.
Several journal articles described the projects of
specific libraries. The references given at the end
of this article are some of the sources used as
background for this survey.
The one article that reported research on the
public use of micros was written in 1982 by
Kusack and Bowers: oPublic Microcomputers in
Public Libraries.� In April 1982, a questionnaire
was sent to one hundred public libraries ran-
domly selected from the Library General Informa-
tion Survey of 1978, which consisted of libraries
Jennifer K. Carpenter is the Librarian at Rowan Public
Library, South Branch in Landis. Since the research for this
survey was completed, the Rowan Public Library has imple-
mented public access microcomputers.
serving a population of 100,000 or more. Re-
sponses were obtained from eighty-eight libraries;
only twenty-two had at least one micro for public
use or planned to acquire one within a year.
Survey Procedures
The sample of libraries for this survey con-
sisted of fifty-two libraries in the United States
known to have implemented public access micro
computers by January of 1984. The libraries were
identified by literature review and personal con-
tacts. A questionnaire consisting of fourteen
questions was sent to the fifty-two libraries. The
questionnaire was designed with closed-response
questions, requiring only a check for most
answers. Since this type of question could limit
the amount of information obtained, a space for
comments was included with each question. The
questionnaire was mailed with a cover letter in
February 1984.
Survey Response
From the original sample group of fifty-two
libraries or library systems, forty-one responded,
yielding an overall response rate of 79 per cent.
The responses of five of the libraries were deter-
mined to be unacceptable. Services had not yet
begun in two of the libraries. The service was no
longer provided in two of the libraries; one of
these indicated that the service had been discon-
tinued because the computer was stolen. The fifth
unusable response contained literature without
the questionnaire. The numerical data for this
analysis is based on the remaining thirty-six
acceptable responses.
Since the study was initiated in North Caro-
lina, the responses from libraries in the state are
of particular interest. The questionnaire was sent
to nine libraries in North Carolina, which were
thought to be the only locations with public
access micros. A 100 per cent response rate was
obtained from these nine libraries. Acceptable
responses came from seven: one library indicated
that their service was not yet implemented, and
one library reported the computer had been
stolen but will be replaced. The responses from
1984 Winter"185
the North Carolina libraries were analyzed separ-
ately as well as included in the total sample.
Survey Results
The results obtained from the questions (Q)
will be discussed in the following paragraphs.
Q!: oIs computer literacy a goal of your ser-
vice? If no, please indicate your primary goal(s).�
Of the thirty-six responses, thirty-three were
oyes,� while three were ono.� Therefore, computer
literacy was a goal of 92 per cent of the libraries.
The three libraries which checked ono� indicated
their primary goals to be: (1) opublic access to
microcomputers�; (2) omaking computers & self-
teaching tools available�; and (3) obringing more
patrons into very small libraries.� Since each of
these primary goals does involve computer liter-
acy, these libraries may view computer literacy as
a means rather than a final goal. All seven of the
North Carolina libraries checked oyes� indicating
that computer literacy was a goal of 100 per cent
of the stateTs public micros.
Q?: oWhich of the following software applica-
tions are available?� Table 1 lists the applications,
gives the number of library responses, and the
percentage of the thirty-five libraries. Only one of
the thirty-six libraries did not respond, because
the computer itself was loaned and no software
was provided. It is significant to note that thirty-
four of the thirty-five libraries, 97 per cent,
included educational applications, while only
nine libraries, 26 per cent, allowed game use.
Other responses which were written in by three
libraries each were (1) business, (2) spreadsheet,
and (3) Visicalc.
Q3: oWhat brand(s) of microcomputers are
you using?� Table 2 gives the names and state
locations of the thirty-six responding libraries. On
the table, the brand of micro and number of units
owned are given for each library. The vertical
column totals add the number of libraries which
have each brand. Apples were used by twenty-
four of the thirty-six libraries, or 67 per cent of
the total, which indicates a majority. Table 2 also
reports the total number of micros each library
has and the total number of brands by horizontal
totals. Two or more different brands were owned
by twelve of the libraries: Scottsdale and Salt Lake
County both have five brands; Enoch Pratt and
Menlo Park both have four brands.
Q*: oWhere was your micro hardware pur-
chased?� and QT: oWhere do you purchase soft-
ware?� Table 3 gives the number of responses and
the percentages for each answer. Ten sources
were given for the purchase of hardware and
seven sources for the purchase of software. The
number used for determining the percentages of
hardware purchase was thirty-six; for software,
thirty-two. The software question was not appli-
cable to two libraries because only hardware is
available; and two libraries did not respond to the
question. Table 3 shows that by far the largest
number of libraries, twenty-eight of the thirty-six,
or 78 per cent, purchased hardware from a local
dealer. Software is purchased from more of a var-
iety of sources, with local dealers being again the
highest: twenty-seven of thirty-two, or 84 per
cent. Purchase of software by mail order was the
second highest response, checked by 72 per cent
of the libraries.
Q®: oWhat factors influenced your hardware
purchase decision?� Table 4 gives the variety of
responses for this question. Software availability,
location of dealer, and cost were the factors
which received the highest responses. Two of the
factors written in the oother� response by two
libraries each were (1) ouser friendly� and (2)
oquality of product.� Two libraries wrote in the
comments space that they desired to use several
different products.
Q®: oWhat other hardware is used with your
micro(s)?� The results were that thirty libraries
have disk drives; nineteen have color monitors;
twelve have joy sticks; twenty-nine have a printer;
TABLE 1
Software Applications
Total libraries: N=35 N.C. libraries: N=7
Application Responses % of N Responses % of N
Educational ° 34 97% 6 86%
Data base management Zl 60% 3 43%
Arcade-type games 9 26% 2 29%
Word processing 28 80% 5 71%
Programming 26 74% 7 100%
Simulations 13 37% 3 43%
Other 16 om 0 =
@This category includes eleven different applications, no one of which was included in more than three responses.
186"North Carolina Libraries
©
a
TABLE 2
Public Access Microcomputers Owned by Libraries
i
a
ee
NIGP O RNG Et ns ee ee eee
SC en ee ee ari Ge Ee
Library Brands and number of units
and Apple TRS-80 Commodore VIC-20 Atari IBM Timex TI Franklin Total Total
State location Sinclair Ace Brands Units
Adrian MI I 1 1 3 3
Baltimore Co. MD 10 IL 10
Bettandorf IA 1 1 1
Cloquet MN 2 3 2 5
«" Cumberland Co. NC 2 1 2 5
Dansville NY 1 1 1
Delaware Div. of
Libraries DE 1 1 2
Denver CO Te gs 2 ga
Downers Grove IL al 1 st
1 Edgecombe Co. NC 1 1 ""
Enoch Pratt MD 4 2 2 2 4 10
Florence OR 1 1
"""" Forsyth Co. NC 6 il 6 o=""
Frankfort IL 2 1 2.
Franklin Co, NC 5 1 5 "~
Harlan IA 1 1 2 2
Lincoln Trail IL 15 1 15
Lorain OH 7 1 fh
"== Macon Co. NC 1 1 ree
Madison WI 1 1 1
Mansfield-Richland OH 12 1 12
Mastics-Noriches-
Shirley NY 8 I: 8
Menlo Park CA it 1 ih 1 4 4
Minnesota Valley MN 1 r 2 z
"Neuse Regional NC 2 2 2 ee
-"New Hanover Co. NC 1 1 2 2. gaa
Norman OK 4 1 4
Portsmouth NH 1 4 2 5
Rolling Meadows IL 1 1 1
Salt Lake Co. UT 12 1 5 1 1 5 20
San Francisco CA 3 1 3
Scottsdale AZ af 1 1 1 1 5 5
Tredyffrin PA i i 1
Victoria TX 1 li 1
Wheeler Basin AL 3 1 3
Wilmette IL 3 at 3
TOTALS:
# of libraries: N=36 24 8 5 5 8 2 3 2 2
% of N 67% 22% 14% 14% 22% 6% 8% 6% 6%
# of units: N=155 ye 38 5 10 15 2 �,� 3 4
% of N 46% 25% 9% 6% 14% 1% 5% 2% 3%
N.C. TOTALS:
# of libraries: N=7 5 1 1 1
% of N 71% 14% 14% 14%
# of units: N=2Q 12 2 5 1
% of N 60% 10% 25% 5%
ee ee eer """""""""""""_"_"=
@Respondent checked brand, but did not indicate quantity.
1984 Winter"187
and fourteen gave other responces, eight of which
were different.
Q*: oDo you charge a fee to patrons for
access? If yes, how much?� A total of twenty-three
libraries, or 66 per cent, responded ono,� and
twelve libraries, or 34 per cent, responded oyes.�
No response was given by one respondent. There-
fore, the majority, 66 per cent offered free access.
The responses to ohow much� were combined as
follows: the five libraries that charged $1 for thirty
minutes use were Baltimore County, Cloquet,
Frankfort, Tredyffin, and Wilmette; the three
libraries that charged $.50 for thirty minutes use
were Delaware, Salt Lake County, and Wheeler
Basin; San Francisco charged $1 for twenty min-
utes; Menlo Park charged a onominal fee for reser-
vations plus a fee for printing.� Minnesota Valley
charged $20 for a forty-eight hour loan. None of
the seven North Carolina libraries charged a fee
for access.
Q®: oAre your microcomputer hardware and
software used in-house or loaned?� This question
was answered by thirty-four libraries with the fol-
lowing results; thirty-one libraries, or 91 per cent,
checked oin-house hardware�, six, or 18 percent,
checked oloaned hardware�, twenty-nine, or 85
per cent, checked oin-house software�, and five, or
15 per cent, checked oloaned software.� The Dela-
ware Division of Libraries was not included in the
totals because its micro is oloaned for two months
to public libraries.� All four responses were
checked by three libraries indicating that they
have both hardware and software for in-house
use and for loan: Portsmouth, Cloquet, and Min-
nesota Valley. Only hardware was loaned by
Dansville and Downers Grove. Franklin County
loaned both hardware and software. The brand of
micro most often loaned was the Timex-Sinclair;
however, Apples, VIC 20s and Ataris were also
loaned. The only North Carolina location that
loaned was Franklin County which loans five
Timex microcomputers. Other libraries which
loaned were Downers Grove, one Time; Cloquet,
one Apple and three Ataris; Minnesota Valley, one
Apple; Dansville, one VIC 20; and Portsmouth,
four VIC 20s.
Q!°: oWhere is (are) the micro(s) placed in
your library?� The answers shown in Table 5 give a
variety of eight places the micros are placed. The
total number for the percentage was thirty-one,
because five did not answer. The childrenTs area
and the reference area both had thirteen re-
sponses, resulting in 42 per cent for each of those
locations. Those two areas also received the high-
est percentage from the North Carolina libraries,
43 per cent. The responses written in as oother�
locations included ogeneral reading area� (two
libraries), ostudy area carrel� (one library), and
SSS
TABLE 3
Purchase of Hardware and Software
"----"errrrr"r"r""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
Total libraries N.C. libraries
a a
Where N=36 N=32 N=7 N=6
Purchased Hardware %ofN Software %ofN Hardware %ofN Software %ofN
8 aT a RB a Ra nn nea Je A cna 8
Local dealer 28 78% 27 84% 5 71% 5 83%
General retail store 2 6% 6 19% 0 0% 0 0%
Turnkey vendor 1 3% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Library vendor 2 6% 12 38% 0 0% 3 50%
Manufacturer's rep. 1 3% 4 13% 1 14% 2 33%
Mail order 1 3% 23 72% 1 14% 3 50%
Other? 5 _ 2 _ 0 " 0 =
iE ee
@This category includes four different responses for hardware and two for software.
een nn SSS SSS
TABLE 4
Hardware Purchase Factors
rrr
Total libraries: N=35 N.C. libraries: N=7
Factors Responses % of N Responses % of N
Service contract 3 9% 0
Cost 16 46% 4 57%
Software availability 19 54% 4 57%
Location of dealer 17 49% 5 71%
Cooperation with local schools 6 17% 2 29%
Other 11 = 0 =
a eee
@This category includes eight different factors, no one of which received more than two responses.
188"North Carolina Libraries
TABLE 5
Location of Micro in Library
Location
Total libraries: N=31
Responses % of N
N.C. libraries: N=7
Responses % of N
ChildrenTs area
Reference area
Circulation area
Glass-enclosed area
Separate room
Other
13 42% 3 43%
13 42% 3 43%
6 19% 1 14%
4 13% 0 0%
3 10% 0 0%
5 _ 2 fs
oAdult Continuing Education area� (one library).
Q!"!: oWhich of these are included in your
micro use policies or guidelines?� Table 6 gives the
number of responses for each policy or guideline
and the percentages of the total of thirty-four
libraries. A majority of the libraries do have poli-
cies regarding four of the topics. Only 26 per cent
of the respondents have policies regarding ocopy-
ing of software.� In the literature review, many
libraries noted that their policies and guidelines
have undergone change since the initial service
began. This study did not attempt to correlate the
various policies. The respondents were asked to
send copies of policies or guidelines if possible.
User policies and other related materials were
sent by thirteen of the libraries.
Q?: oApproximately how much of the avail-
able time is the service being used?� Totals for the
thirty-one libraries which responded are: four
libraries checked 95-100 per cent use; 13 checked
75-94 per cent use; eleven checked 50-74 per cent
use; and six checked less than 50 per cent use.
Two responses were checked by three of the
libraries: Wilmette checked 50-74 per cent use on
weekends but less than 50 per cent on weekdays;
Mastics-Noriches-Shirley checked 95-100 per cent
use in the childrenTs department, and 75-95 per
cent use in the adult department; Adrian reported
95-100 per cent use in the summer and 50-74 per
cent use the rest of the year. It is significant to
note that of the six libraries which checked less
than 50 per cent use, five charge fees for the ser-
vice. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that
free access results in greater use.
Q': oDo you offer workshops or orientation
for patrons?� Of the thirty-five libraries which re-
sponded, twenty-eight answered oyes� and seven
answered ono.� Thus, the majority of 80 per cent
do offer workshops or orientation for patrons. At
least two of the libraries that checked ono� only
loan the equipment.
Q�"�: oWhat staff training and development
activities do you use?� These are the results for
the thirty-three libraries which replied: thirty, or
91 per cent, checked oorientation for staffT; twenty-
eight, or 85 per cent, checked ohands-on expe-
rience�; fifteen, or 45 per cent, otraining on
specific software.� Comments by four libraries
indicated that the staff is encouraged to attend
computer classes at local colleges or technical
schools.
Summary and Conclusions
Computer literacy is viewed by libraries with
existing public micros as the primary goal of the
service. This goal is accomplished by a variety of
applications in the libraries. The micros are util-
ized for both adult and childrenTs services. Nearly
all of the services include educational applica-
tions. Programming, data base management, and
word processing applications are offered by a
majority of libraries. A few libraries allow recrea-
tional, arcade-type games; however, many librar-
ies prohibit this use in their guidelines. It is
important to determine which applications will
best meet the library's goals before the equipment
is selected.
a aaa
TABLE 6
Use Policies or Guidelines
Policy or Guideline
Total libraries: N=34
Responses % of N
N.C. libraries: N=7
Responses % of N
Age restrictions
Registration of users
Time limitations
Advance reservations
Copying of software
18 53% 0 0%
27 79% 6 86%
28 82% i 100%
18 53% 6 86%
9 26% ur 14%
1984 Winter"189
Many factors influence the choice of micro-
computer equipment. In selecting hardware, the
considerations of most libraries are software
availability, location of dealer, and cost. This indi-
cates that libraries are concerned about the
availability of software compatible with the
chosen applications. The microcomputer hard-
ware was purchased from a local dealer by a large
majority of libraries. The location of dealer is of
concern because of convenience for maintenance
and repair. By far the most used brand of micros
in libraries is the Apple, although the market is
shared by at least eight other brands. A few librar-
ies chose to offer a variety of products to the pub-
lic. A large majority of libraries provide disk drives
and printers; many use color monitors and other
peripheral equipment. The availability of local
maintenance and repair is not as important in the
purchase of software. This market is shared more
evenly between local dealers and mail order
vendors.
Free access is an issue of microcomputer ser-
vice which sparks conflicting viewpoints. The
majority of libraries offer the service free of
charge; however, several libraries do charge fees
for access. There is evidence that free access does
create greater use.
The loaning of microcomputer hardware and
software is a service of a few libraries. Some of
these libraries also provide in-house use. The less
expensive brands of computers are most often
loaned. Most of the libraries which loan hardware
also loan software.
Libraries with public service micros have
found the need for strict policies or guidelines for
use. These guidelines include age restrictions, reg-
istration of users, time limitations, and advance
reservations. Flexibility to change these guide-
lines as needed is essential for this rapidly devel-
oping service.
The focus of this research study was to
determine how microcomputers are being used
for public access in public libraries. The author
hopes that the information collected and pre-
sented will be of use to those libraries that are
planning for implementation of this service or an
expansion of existing services.
Selected Bibliography
Burgin, Robert, and Duncan Smith, eds. The Resource Directory.
Microcomputer Users Group of Libraries in North Carolina,
1983.
Dewey, Patrick. oHow to Install a Microcomputer for Public Use
and Survive!� In Online '83 Conference Proceedings, 43-45.
Weston, Connecticut: Online, Inc., 1983.
Edmonds, Leslie. oTaming Technology: Planning for Patron Use
of Microcomputers in the Public Library.� Top of the News 39
(Spring 1983): 247-251.
Fowler, Bonnie S., and Duncan Smith. oMicrocomputers for the
Public in the Public Library.� Information Technology and
Libraries 2 (March 1983): 46-52.
Godwin, Mary Jo. oMicrocomputers Go Public.� North Carolina
Libraries 4 (Fall/Winter 1982): 198-202.
Kusack, James M., and John S. Bowers. oPublic Microcomputers
in Public Libraries.� Library Journal 107 (November 15,
1982); 2137-2141.
Rorvig, Mark E. Microcomputers and Libraries: A Guide to
Technology, Products, and Applications. White Plains, New
York: Knowledge Industry, 1981.
Woods, Lawrence A., and Nolan F. Pope. The LibrarianTs Guide
to Microcomputer Technology. White Plains, New York:
Knowledge Industry, 1983.
MICROCOMPUTERS IN NORTH CAROLINA PUBLIC LIBRARIES
CHILD ACCESS
JUNE 1984
New Hanover County Public Library
190"North Carolina Libraries
& Mecklenburg County
1. Bladen County Public Library
2. Cumberland County Public Library
3. Edgecombe County Memorial Library
4. Forsyth County Public Library 9. Rowan Public Library
5. Franklin County Library 10. Stanly County Public Library
6. Halifax County Library 11. Fontana Regional Library"Macon County
7. Haywood County Public Library 12. Public Library of Charlotte
8.
Ten Observations on Change
in Technical Services
Sheila S. Intner
Technical services provides the infrastruc-
ture for organized service of all sorts in all kinds
of libraries. It can be perceived as the heart of
library and information work, since its central
functional component is the organization of
materials for use. All other services really depend
to a greater or lesser degree on this key to retriev-
ing something somebody needs from the great
storehouse of knowledge contained in library col-
lections"even in collections of relatively modest
size. Furthermore, technical services comprises
more than just organization, with acquisition
work preceding it (one must acquire materials
before they can be organized, after all) and circu-
lation succeeding it.
There are many changes in technical services
work today and the technical services librarian is
expected to play a much more complex role than
ever before. The following ten observations focus
on these changes in order to identify and describe
them, and in a small way offer suggestions about
the responses likely to be effective and profes-
sionally satisfying.
Ten Observations
1. Computers play a major part in the
unsettled and unstable information world today.
However, the first observation is that computers
are merely a change agent; accommodating them
is not the purpose behind recent changes in tech-
nical service activity despite appearances to the
contrary. Rather, increases in the amount of intel-
lectual activity over several decades and the con-
comitant larger numbers of information products
and increases in demand for library services
based on those millions of pieces of information"
more than eleven million of them in OCLC"are
the powerful influences behind change, along
with a fearful reduction in dollars available to put
to the task. The capabilities of computers, a result
of technical progress occurring outside the pro-
Dr. Sheila S. Intner is Assistant Professor at the Columbia
University School of Library Service in New York. Her remarks
constituted the keynote address at the fall conference of the
Resources and Technical Services Section, held September
26, 1984.
fession-at-large, can be exploited in libraries to
furnish sophisticated services previously unimag-
inable on any scale, with limited numbers of staff.
2. On the whole, library educators are not
preparing technical service librarians properly
with the skills they need to perform in this brave
new real-world. Those who have been out in the
field for a while have either acquired them by the
seat of their pants or dropped by the wayside.
The skills they need are management skills,
especially financial and personnel management,
with a large dose of training in systematic, on-
going, critical analysis of processes in order to
achieve improvements in the input/output ratios
of their departments. We do not teach this in
library school"certainly not in cataloging, not
even at the advanced level, nor in most courses in
technical services. Yet most people with profes-
sional library degrees working in catalog depart-
ments are expected to manage those departments
in addition to doing original cataloging and classi-
fication. They are expected to plan services,
organize personnel, recruit and train staff, devise
and monitor budgets, and account for expendi-
tures. All of these are management skills, not
technical service skills, and they are required in
addition to a thorough knowledge of technical
services theory and practice.
3. Technical services has always been per-
ceived as the most complex area of library and
information service and every part of technical
services has become far more complicated than
ever. For example, libraries used to be concerned
about standardizing local practice and exerting
bibliographic control over their own collections.
Now attention is focused, not on regional or
national standards, but on international stan-
dards and universal bibliographic control. OCLC
is in England. UTLAS is in Japan. It is not an easy
task for us to think globally and act locally, as
David Stam asked us to do.!
Internal consistency is not the measure of
good work any more; in fact, it may represent a
fatal flaw in a library operation if it is a reflection
of policies that rely only on the institutionTs own
resources to satisfy all client needs. No library can
1984 Winter"191
satisfy all or even most of its client needs alone,
without tapping the vast body of knowledge it can
encompass only by acting in concert with other
libraries.
Think how many pages there were in CutterTs
Rules for a Dictionary Catalogue or the red and
green books? compared to the 620 pages of rules
and explanantions in the Anglo-American Cata-
loguing Rules, second edition. Yet in our compli-
cated new world we are prodded by carrot and
stick to work faster and increase our productivity.
A small city library acquisition department I
recently investigated dealt with more than twenty-
five vendors in addition to an unknown number of
publishers for direct orders. Suddenly we are buy-
ing quantities of materials in languages whose
scripts we cannot read, media in formats we can-
not understand, and subjects which the Dewey
Decimal and Library of Congress classifications
were never designed to classify.
Computers are merely a change
agent.
4. Perhaps most important of all, the public
catalog has finally been recognized as the impor-
tant public service tool it really is; moreover, a
tool for the public to use, too. Reference librarians
are casting hungry glances at it if they have not
already begun swallowing it down whole. What is
meant is that control of the public catalog is pass-
ing out of the hands of technical service librarians
in general and catalogers in particular, and into
the sphere of public service staff and administra-
tors. At one great university research library, for
example, the university librarian said she was
quite satisfied that the design of the proposed
online public access catalog was not being left to
the cataloging department, but was a library-wide
project in which the reference staff were taking
the lead. Some of the planning committees
involved had no one from the cataloging depart-
ments on them and others had one or two out of a
body of eight or nine people. If Marshall McLuhan
was ever right in proclaiming that othe medium is
the message,� it is visible in what is happening in
developing online catalogs for the public.
We cannot continue to change ocomputer
software� to omachine-readable data files� for
descriptive cataloging purposes, or transform
other familiar everyday language into the esoteric
nineteenth century terminology of subject head-
ing lists, or any of our other arcane maneuvers. If
technical service librarians had to do regular duty
192"North Carolina Libraries
as bibliographic instruction librarians it would
help them to understand and appreciate more
fully the problems clients encounter in using the
catalog. The intimate relation between technical
and public service librarians is closest at the pub-
lic catalog. It is our interface.
5. The fifth observation is a corollary to the
fourth: Technical service librarians are going to
have to be, if they are not already, resource per-
sonnel for public service activities. Long ago,
Tauber recognized the technical aspects to public
service activities, which he termed the behind-
the-scenes or non-public parts of circulation and
reference. Automating circulation, for example,
exposed its natural relationship to the other
technical services, acquisitions and cataloging.
Mitch Freedman recently discussed this in a
lengthy article in Library Journal.® If you con-
sider circulationTs dependence on bibliographic
files and the host of backroom activities circula-
tion performs, such as managing overdues and
shelving materials, the public service acts of
checking things out and receiving them back or of
taking fine money from clients are far less domi-
nant than its traditional public service categori-
zation would imply. On the contrary, maintaining
bibliographic and inventory control over mate-
rials which are part of automated circulation
control systems are really technical service opera-
tions and we must lend our expert knowledge to
the tasks.
6. Now, if They are getting control over the
catalog and We are getting control over circula-
tion, where is our nice traditional organization
chart going? Into the wastebasket, I believe. If
your library has this neat departmentalization, it
is probably going to change with the introduction
of a computer system. A new Automation Coordi-
natorTs or Supervisor's position will very likely be
created, with authority and responsibility in both
camps"maybe in all three camps if the organiza-
tional structure is divided, typically, into Admin-
istrative, Public and Technical Services. The
Automation Coordinator is wedged in there
somewhere between the Chief Executive Officer
and any cohorts at the top level, and the rest of
the line staff, including your run-of-the-mill refer-
ence and technical service librarians. The position
is not only asymmetrical on the organization
chart, it is also the focal point for interdepart-
mental activity. This should be perceived as posi-
tive, helpful and encouraging; but all-too-often
may be received as threatening and scary, to be
thwarted at all costs. If you should be catapulted
into such a position, just assume all paths are
mined and proceed with extreme care and sensi-
tivity. If someone else in your library is in that
position, ask yourself if you are, by mistake or
unconscious design (since no technical service
librarian would do it deliberately), throwing turf-
protecting monkeywrenches into the action and
inadvertently sabotaging multidepartmental pro-
gress.
7. One of the most complex problems in
technical services today, and one with which
librarians at the cutting edge of technological
change are already wrestling, is how to determine
the best mix of tradeoffs for their institutions,
between bibliographic excellence and bibliogra-
phic expedience. Can we afford AACR2Ts second-
level description, forgetting third, and extensive
editing of cataloging copy, or manually-enriched
subject access, or even automated additions to
LCSH headings as found in the bibliographic utili-
ties? Can clerical help be substituted for profes-
sional staff so libraries can reap the dollar
benefits of shared automated cataloging without
sacrificing either quantity or quality of the pro-
ducts and services emanating from their depart-
ments? How can one compare service potential of
manual catalogs and cataloging operations with
the on-line catalog? How can librarians make that
leap of imagination to totally new possibilities
instead of merely trying to re-create card catalogs
in the new medium?
The public catalog has finally
been recognized as the impor-
tant public service tool it really
is.
8. In order to initiate and direct the ongoing
changes that will serve goals identified as con-
structive and appropriate, technical service librar-
ians will have to learn to do empirical research. It
is no longer enough to know what is currently
working without visible problems. Now new
developments will have to be monitored and
experiments with new applications will have to be
done without waiting for their imposition from
outside the technical services department, or
from outside the library, or from outside the par-
ent institution. Where, after all, did we get the
computer? Certainly not from within the profes-
sion. Computers were a development from the
military-industrial complex"about as remote as
possible from the profession. Perhaps less extrav-
agantly, we must examine our own operations"
our acquisition routes, cataloging processes, and
circulation procedures"to see where changes
can result in better service or achieve cost sav-
ings, or both. The tradition of the scholar-librar-
ian, mourned as lost in recent times, must be
resurrected, but with a modern twist. The positive
part of that image must be regained and revital-
ized and employed in the pursuit of our new
objectives.
9. Cultivating the political arts of sensing
strategy, influencing policy, and winning points
for visibility and achievement, never a need in
traditional technical service operations (which
occupied the deepest, darkest, least obvious nook
or cranny of a library building), should be an
urgent priority in this changing world. ITve seen
technical service heads, under whose official
authority hundreds of thousands of dollars worth
of computer equipment lies, unable to exert any
real control over decision-making for computer
services and precious little control over hiring
and promotion, even within their own shop. This
came about because they failed to recognize
where the real lines of authority were and did not
put forth the effort to owin friends and influence
people� who could help them achieve their goals.
Some of my colleagues believe it is undignified or
unprofessional to do more than sit back and wait
to be recognized. Others are hampered by per-
sonal distaste for activities even vaguely resem-
bling lobbying or selling their point of view. Still
others fail to understand policy processes in their
institution, and the never-fail value of creative
funding ideas when seeking approval for impor-
tant, but expensive, projects. Many are helpless in
the face of a large bureaucracy. We need much
more internal political sophistication and exper-
tise. Also, we need to be willing to plunge into the
fray and slug it out, toe-to-toe with other depart-
ment heads using all the ideas, statistics, and logic
at our disposal in order to prevail.
10. The final observation is that effective
technical service librarians must recognize the
wider role they can play in providing library ser-
vices and helping fulfill the mission of their librar-
ies, not only by ordering books and cataloging
them on receipt, but by participating, in the full-
est sense of the word, in collection development
and management as well as collection use. We
must come out of our cozy back rooms and work
out front, on the line. We must be prepared to
work with the public and with public and admin-
istrative services personnel. Is that an aggressive
stance? I certainly hope so. Colleagues who per-
ceive only the confines of their job descriptions
can probably be replaced by a student aide with a
computer terminal.
1984 Winter"193
The hallmark of the well-trained technical
service librarian of the future will include flexibil-
ity and vision in addition to tangible evidence of
personal professional development and frequent
exercise of intellectual curiosity. Perhaps the
greatest change in technical service activities will
be the leadership provided in helping libraries to
fulfill their missions. Somehow we must move
from passive and reactive modes of operation to
active and creative ones, which, though difficult
and much more work, offer satisfying and reward-
ing professional careers.
Postscript
A very wise librarian writing about trauma in
catalogs and cataloging in an earlier age said,
oThose of us who see ourselves bridging ... two
eras have an added responsibility. We know and
respect what was good in the past. We honor the
traditions in which to greater or less extent we
participated. And for such reasons our leadership
in charting new courses should and can be so
much the wiser.� Those were Andrew OsbornTs
words in his famous article, oThe Crisis in Catalog-
ing.� A little more than twenty years later, Ruth
We must come out of our cozy
back rooms and work out front,
on the line.
French Strout said, oThe enormous and still
increasing proliferation of publications is of
course central to the matter of both the format
and the function of the catalog.�� These venerable
librarians recognized and articulated problems
that sound familiar now"Osborn decrying the
unnecessary complexity of cataloging codes and
practices emphasized simplicity, but simplicity
with discipline in the form of practical and flexi-
ble standards. Strout, with the words above,
introduced a 1964 conference focusing on Chang-
ing Dimensions of the Catalog when only the tip
of the iceberg was visible.
The best, for technical services, is yet to be"
providing we can make it so.
References
1. David H. Stam, oThink Globally"Act Locally: Collection Devel-
opment and Resource Sharing,� Collection Building 5 (Spring
1983):18-21.
2. Charles A. Cutter, Rules for a Dictionary Catalogue (Washing-
ton: Government Printing Office, 1876); Catalog Rules: Author
and Title Entries (Chicago: American Library Association,
1908), called othe red book�; Rules for Descriptive Cataloging in
194"North Carolina Libraries
the Library of Congress (Washington: The Library, 1949), called
othe green book.� The 2nd edition of the ored book,� known as the
ALA or 1949 rules, was a much expanded version: A. L. A.
Cataloging Rules for Author and Title Entries, 2nd ed. (Chi-
cago: ALA, 1949).
3. Marshall McLuhan, Understanding the Media: The Exten-
sions of Man (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964), vii, 7-21.
4. Maurice F. Tauber, et al. Technical Services in Libraries (New
York: Columbia University Press, 1954), 1.
5. Maurice J. Freedman, oAutomation and the Future of Techni-
cal Services,� Library Journal 109 (June 15, 1984): 1197-1203.
6. Andrew Osborn, oThe Crisis in Cataloging,� Library Quarterly
(Jan., 1941): 393-411.
7 Ruth French Strout, oIntroduction,� Library Quarterly (Jan.,
1964):1.
NCLA Scholarships
The North Carolina Library Association ad-
ministers three funds which assist students of
library science who are residents of North Caro-
lina.
The North Carolina Library Association
Memorial Scholarship is a $1000 scholarship for
any type of study in library science. The Query-
Long Scholarship is a $1000 scholarship for a
student who plans to work with children or young
adults. The McLendon Student Loan Fund awards
loans at a low rate of interest.
All of these funds are available for original or
continued study in library science and may be
awarded to a student enrolling in library school
for the first time, to a student currently enrolled
in a library school, or to a practicing librarian who
wishes to pursue additional studies.
To be eligible, the applicant must have been a
legal resident of North Carolina for at least two
years and must hold an undergraduate degree. In
addition, the applicant must have been accepted
by a library school and should demonstrate both
a genuine interest in professional library work
and a need for financial assistance.
In 1984, the Memorial Scholarships were
awarded to Charles Harmon of Thomasville and
Elinor Vaughan of Winston-Salem. The Query-
Long Scholarship was awarded to Susan Annette
Hall of Wilmington. In addition, two loans of $300
each were made from the McLendon Fund.
Applications for 1985 Scholarships are due
March 1, 1985. For application forms and further
information, contact:
Sheila A. Core, Chairman
NCLA Scholarship Committee
Surry Community College Library
P. O. Box 304
Dobson, North Carolina 27017
Telephone:
Home: 919-386-4195
Work: 919-386-8212, ext. 259
The Clemmons Branch Library
Jim Govern
Construction of the new Clemmons Branch
Library began in March 1983, with completion
and occupancy in August 1984. Clemmons, an
unincorporated community ten miles west of
Winston-Salem on I-40, has a population of just
over eight thousand. The old branch building had
only 1,500 square feet of space and had been
severely overcrowded for some time. Several fac-
tors contributed to the decision to build the new
branch"space limitations of the old building, the
population growth of Clemmons (80 per cent
increase between 1970 and 1980), and the likeli-
hood of continued growth in the area.
Jim Govern is Head of the Clemmons Branch Library of the
Forsyth County Public Library system.
Local businessman Edgar Broyhill donated
roughly one acre of land adjacent to the Edgar B.
Furniture Plantation on Route 158 in Clemmons,
keeping the cost of the project down considerably.
Plans called for constructing a building similar in
design to, with some modifications, the Rural
Hall/Stanleyville Branch Library that was com-
pleted in Forsyth County in 1982. Using this basic
design for the Clemmons Branch helped the
county manage costs by way of lowering the
architectural and consulting fees to $35,310.
The 8,900 square foot structure was built for
$619,370 (or $54.95 per square foot) with $88,310
coming from the Appalachian Regional Commis-
sion; $60,300 from the state; and $470,760 from
Forsyth County. The building includes an audito-
oOne of the design characteristics that makes the building so successful is the incorporation of a large fireplace in the center of the
main building area.�
1984 Winter"195
rium with a stage and a kitchen area; the audito-
rium will seat 150 people. Since no similar rooms
are available in the community, the libraryTs audi-
torium has been used extensively during its first
two months of operation, averaging some func-
tion three nights a week. The auditorium is also
used for childrenTs and adult programming. One
of the design characteristics that makes the build-
ing so successful is the incorporation of a large
fireplace in the center of the main building area.
The fireplace not only serves to soften the look of
the buildingTs interior but also has the practical
effect of serving as a room divider between the
adult and childrenTs book areas. The fireplace also
has a mantle that works well as a display area.
Equipment and furniture for the building
amounted to $95,000 and includes seven study
tables in the adult areas along with an index
table, atlas and dictionary stand, two full-sized
couches, and four sitting chairs. The childrenTs
area is furnished with four regular tables and one
picturebook table for display and reading. Display
OK Ze I
boo
= ae
STAGE
Sa sera.
~Damn ine
Floor plan of the Clemmons Branch Library.
196"North Carolina Libraries
shelving was also purchased to highlight our new
books and paperback collection. This high-traffic
area is conveniently located immediately to the
left of patrons entering the library.
In designing the building, the services to be
offered were carefuly considered. The Clemmons
Branch has two microcomputers, and therefore
space needed to be made for them. The micros are
housed in two carrels near the childrenTs room.
The idea of putting the micros in carrels was a
sound one although the carrels are only six feet
square, which is not enough space for a computer,
printer, and work area. Twelve square feet for
each machine is desirable.
The entire building (except the auditorium)
can be observed from the circulation desk and
work room areas. With the limited staff in the
branch, this allows one person to be able to ocon-
trol� the operation of the building with its seating
capacity of sixty-eight from a single vantage
point. Before moving into the new building, the
branch had a staff of one full-time and one part-
ROR
fomebuace? "cow oa
GAIL. GET Anta
O4ee te rr
CLEMMCNE BRANCH [=] =]
Peet A ary
itt cach tan a
AMONITEOT® AND PLaNnERS
The circulation desk and work areas.
time employee. Staffing expanded to include two
professional librarians and two pages. A chil-
drenTs librarian was among those hired, allowing
the Clemmons Branch to offer services to children
for the first time. Along with the new building and
additional personnel, the branch was also given a
one-time-only book budget of $27,500 for fiscal
year 1984-85. This sum will go a long way toward
meeting the demand for reading material created
by the new building. The Clemmons Branch had
roughly eleven thousand volumes before the move
into new quarters, which will house up to forty
thousand books.
Circulation doubled immediately in the new
building"3,500 books circulated monthly in the
old building while over 7,000 books have been
checked out monthly in the new location. Every
other service offered here at the branch has also
increased, voter registrations, reference inquiries,
and library registrations among them. Along with
the new branch and lots of new books, the
increase in the libraryTs hours of operation has
also contributed to the increase in circulation.
The branch is now open fifty-nine hours weekly as
opposed to the forty-three hours each week in the
old building.
The difference that our new building has
made is not only an increase in circulation but a
real raising of the awareness of the library in the
Clemmons area. A new building calls attention to
the fact that there is indeed public library service
in Clemmons. Coinciding with the move to new
quarters was the formation of the Friends of the
Clemmons Branch Library. With membership
pushing one hundred, the group has already
assisted us with an open house and dedication
ceremonies by providing refreshments. Friends
have also helped out with some of our programs
for children. In the planning stages are a book
drive and sale and helping with our Christmas
program by providing a tree, ornaments, and a
Santa. I think the formation of the Friends and
the level of their activity are due in large part to
the enthusiasm for the library generated by the
arrival of the new building. If you wish to increase
the profile of the library in your area"build a new
one!
1984 Winter"197
New North Carolina Books
Alice R. Cotten, Compiler
ee eeeeeeeSeeeNSsSaC"tst
Jill McCorkle. The Cheer Leader: A Novel. Chapel
Hill: Algonquin Books, 1984. 267 pp. $15.95. (P.0.
Box 2225).
North Carolina writer Jill McCorkle has
proven to be a phenomenon in the world of pub-
lishing"so much so that she was recently featured
in PublisherTs Weekly (Sept. 21, 1984). Algonquin
Books of Chapel Hill is simultaneously publishing
her first novel, The Cheer Leader, and her second,
July 7th, believing othat the two together would
be mutually supportive and bring added attention
to a writer at the beginning of her career.� A
native of Lumberton, Ms. McCorkle is a graduate
of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
and Hollins College and now lives in Chapel Hill.
The Cheer Leader is described as a novel that
oreveals what it means to have grown up in the
years so recently gone by that their dynamics and
patterns have not yet been explored.� This may
well be the reason for the unique appeal of this
work. For those of us of Jill McCorkleTs generation,
being a child in the sixties and attending college
in the late seventies has until now not been
expressed in a way that is so true to life, so heart-
wrenchingly realistic that we can almost relive
those days and those very feelings. Her Jo Spencer
is a character whose voice is pure eastern North
Carolina and whose observances are high school
circa 1976. Her memories of growing up are like
photographs"tiny moments, sometimes insignif-
icant, but captured so clearly, in such crisp
detail, that the reader sees, hears, even feels the
images. Jo is the girl so many of us were at seven-
teen"striving to excel in studies, become popular
and accepted, please our parents and our friends,
attract A BOY"in a hurry to grow up, but hearing
a small voice inside still wishing to slow down, go
home, and be the protected little girl again. It is
when she first begins to lose her perfect control
and to doubt her direction that JoTs carefully regu-
lated life begins to crumble. Pressures, expecta-
tions, and the struggle to find out who Jo Spencer
really wants to be result ina frightening time that
will be hauntingly familiar to many readers.
The cliché of the seventies was ofinding one-
self.� This is a story of slowly losing sight of self, of
198"North Carolina Libraries
the discovery that olove can be a very depressing
thing,� of the pain of loss, the loneliness of with-
drawal, and the triumph of hope. This novel de-
scribes a time when Southern girls were torn
between becoming independently successful and
finding their success defined in terms of their
attractiveness to men. The ome� generation was
self-absorbed and serious-minded, struggling for
liberation while yearning nostalgically for the
simpler past. The first steps toward adulthood,
the separation from families, the pseudo-inde-
pendence of going away to school, and the illusion
of control are rarely so well portrayed as they are
here. Jill McCorkle brings growing pains to life.
From eastern North Carolina to the Univer-
sity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the sense of
place here is flawless. Jill McCorkle seems des-
tined, at age twenty-five, to become an important
voice in literary North Carolina now and for years
to come.
[Ed. note: July 7th will be reviewed in the next
issue of North Carolina Libraries. ]
Julie W. Sanders, Forsyth County Public Library
Karen Ordahl Kupperman. Roanoke: The Aban-
doned Colony. Totowa, N.J.: Rowman and Allan-
held, 1984. 182 pp. $24.95 cloth; 12.50 paper. (81
Adams Drive, Totowa, N.J. 07512)
Intent on plundering Spanish colonies and
treasure ships and eager to promote EnglandTs
naval greatness, expeditions set out from the
Devon coast in the 1580s bound for the New
World. In Roanoke: The Abondoned Colony, Pro-
fessor Karen Ordahl Kupperman of the University
of Connecticut has crafted an engaging and
thoughtful narrative of the achievements and
failures of those adventurers and settlers who
represented the interests of ElizabethTs England
in North America.
This intriguing volume discusses events from
the period of first English contact with the North
Carolina barrier islands to the establishment of a
permanent English settlement at Jamestown on
the Chesapeake Bay. Kupperman illustrates how
the perceptions of sixteenth-century Englishmen
about themselves, their fellow Europeans, and the
New World shaped the colonizing enterprises they
undertook. For example, the dual interests of pri-
vate plunder and public glory shared by Raleigh
and other financiers dictated that they would
choose colonists"such as the men sent out under
Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe in April,
1584"who were not well fitted for founding a
permanent settlement. BarloweTs glowing account
of North CarolinaTs coast only decreased the like-
lihood that a lasting colony would be established
by fostering false expectations of quick wealth
that might be extracted from the New World set-
tlement.
The titled but inexperienced leadership of Sir
Richard Grenville brought trouble to his 1585
venture. GrenvilleTs quarrels with Ralph Lane, the
colony's governor, created dissension where a
firm hand was needed to keep the colony under
control. Among the most grievous shortcomings
of Grenville, Lane, and other colonists was their
callousness in dealing with the areaTs native popu-
lation. The English, unfortunately for the Indians,
used military methods to subdue orecalcitrant�
neighbors, based on lessons the invaders had
learned in Ireland.
Kupperman devotes a sensitive chapter to
CarolinaTs native Americans and their interaction
with the Roanoke colonists, a task for which she is
well qualified by earlier researches (summarized
in Settling with the Indians: The Meeting of Eng-
lish and the Indian Cultures in America, 1580-
1640 [Rowman and Littlefield, 1980]). Aspects of
Indian theology, medicine, agriculture, and psy-
chology are treated with a careful and informed
hand.
The ordeals and triumphs of John White's
colonists make for engrossing reading, largely
because Kupperman succeeds in placing the
settlers squarely in the context of both earlier and
later ventures. RoanokeTs legacy"in addition to
the splendid drawings of John White and the
scholarship of Thomas Hariot"is that it served as
othe prototype of all later successful plantations�
(p. 107). Families, not single men, would prove to
be the New WorldTs most successful colonists.
Funding settlements through joint-stock ventures
would succeed where intermittently-funded pri-
vateering forays had not. RaleighTs colonies were,
Kupperman writes, oa fitting beginning for Ameri-
can history� (p. 172) because they illustrated
graphically that colonial and native interdepen-
dence"or the lack thereof"would dictate the
success or failure of EnglandTs efforts in the New
World.
New North Carolina Books
Roanoke: The Abandoned Colony provides a
succinct introduction to the central issues of the
Roanoke story. For popular audiences, Kupper-
manTs volume is a readable, delightful synopsis of
current interpretations of the activities of Roa-
nokeTs settlers. The dearth of endnotes and lack of
bibliographical citations slightly impairs the bookTs
usefulness for students and scholars. Public, col-
lege, and university libraries will want to pur-
chase this volume as a welcome addition to their
collections of early American and North Carolina
history.
Julia S. Hesson, East Carolina University
Sylvia Wilkinson. Dirt Tracks to Glory: The Early
Days of Stock Car Racing as Told by the
Participants. Chapel Hill: Algonquin Books, 1983.
167 pp. $19.95.
This handsomely produced and well-written
book is an informative and entertaining account
of the early development of stock car racing"a
development in which North Carolina played a
prominent role. The authorTs introduction pro-
vides a useful background for othe series of indi-
vidual remembrances� of promoters, car owners,
and former drivers who experienced first-hand
the sportTs evolution from rowdy and obscure
beginnings toward its present status as a major
spectator sport.
Each of the bookTs sections is based upon in-
depth interviews. Bill France Sr., Tim Flock, Ned
Jarrett, Wendell Scott, Banjo Matthews, Freddie
Lorenzen, and a half dozen other stock car vet-
erans provided the author with their often color-
ful recollections, including their memories of
Fireball Roberts, Little Joe Weatherly, Curtis
Turner, and other greats who no longer survive.
Although Sylvia Wilkinson is known primarily
as a novelist, she brought to the writing of this
book considerable experience in the world of auto
racing. A North Carolina native, she has worked
as a timer for actor Paul NewmanTs Can-Am and
other sports car teams and has contributed regu-
larly to racing magazines. Her writing reflects
both a factual knowledge of racing and a feeling
for the relationship between the drivers and their
cars.
The bookTs flaws detract only slightly from its
overall impact. Several sections might have bene-
fited from tighter editing to eliminate extraneous
material. At other times topics are insufficiently
developed, and a few of the numerous black and
white photographs seem unrelated to the text.
The serious student of stock car racing might also
question why some veterans were selected to be
1984 Winter"199
New North Carolina Books
interviewed while others, perhaps more promi-
nent, were not. On the whole, however, the ar-
rangement of the volume is logical and _ its
illustrations effective.
Because North Carolina is and always has
been a major center for stock car racing, this book
should prove a popular addition to the holdings
of the stateTs public libraries.
Wilson Angley, North Carolina Divison of Archives and History
H. Leon Prather, Sr. We Have Taken A City: Wil-
mington Racial Massacre And Coup of 1898.
Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University
Press, 1984. 214 pp. $19.50.
The tragic events of November 10, 1898, in
Wilmington constitute a landmark in North Caro-
lina history. What is traditionally termed the orace
riot� on that day left at least twelve blacks dead in
the cityTs streets. This followed the 1898 election
by only two days. The campaign over the preced-
ing weeks had been marked by unprecedented
appeals to mob violence on behalf of a owhite
supremacyT effort. In Wilmington, the stateTs larg-
est and least-segregated city, this appeal bore
particular force as blacks had for some years
occupied positions of power and influence. In the
aftermath of the events of 1898 blacks in Wilming-
ton and across North Carolina were increasingly
denied access to the political process.
H. Leon Prather, Sr., professor of history at
Tennessee State University, offers a provocative
interpretation of what he terms othe most ghastly
massacre of the Progressive era.� His book is
touted on the dust jacket as an account of othe
only coup d'etat in the history of the United
States.� By strict definition the phrase does seem
to fit since in the hours and days after the riot the
legally elected regime in Wilmington was ousted
from power by armed force. In his preface the
author credits historian Arthur Link with being
the first to apply the term to the sequence of
events. Yet Prather finds a opropensity for distor-
tion among white scholars,� arguing that othe
definitive pen of the black scholar is needed to
correct the distortions and to fill in the glaring
omissions.� Since most of what has been written
on the subject predates the civil rights era, his
perspective does offer a useful corrective. Prather,
author of a previous volume on education in
North Carolina between 1890 and 1913, is the
first historian to write a book-length account of
the Wilmington riot.
It was the author's stated aim in this book to
bridge the world between scholars and the
200"North Carolina Libraries
general reading public. Using newspapers, archi-
val materials, and interviews with descendants of
principals in the disruption, Prather has uncov-
ered a wealth of new details about the riot, Unfor-
tunately, disjointed writing, occasional factual
errors, and poor editing detract from his contri-
bution. The illustrations, however, will appeal to
the general reader, and historians will find much
to appreciate in the footnotes and bibliographical
essay. Although the book has its weaknesses, it
does belong in college libraries and in public
libraries in the Wilmington and Cape Fear area.
Michael Hill, North Carolina Division of Archives and History
Betty Adcock. Nettles. Poems by Betty Adcock.
Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press,
1983. 60 pp. $13.95 cloth; $5.95 paper.
AdcockTs first book of poetry, Walking Out,
appeared in 1975 and was also published by Loui-
siana State University Press. At that time Adcock
described the concerns of her poetry as ogrowing
up in rural, small-town south, folk-tales, ancestral
hauntings, objects touched by time, the worldTs
myths, the despair of the present, language as
possibility. I am interested in pointing out rela-
tionships ... And I care about our people, our fail-
ings, our deaths and the real earth. I have no
program for salvation.�
Nettles continues and develops these same
concerns. As a collection it has a Satisfying
wholeness. Part One deals with the past in
general, the ospiders of memoryT of the first poem
of the work. Part Two deals with the poetTs par-
ticular past, especially with her motherTs death
when Adcock was a child, and her fatherTs death
thirty years later, two events which affected her
deeply. Poems also recall her childhood suffering
with asthma and an accident owhen car and
bridge, colliding, threw me / out of my fifteenth
spring.� Part Three brings us to the poetTs present
life"her daughter Sylvia, now grown, her twen-
tieth wedding anniversary, teaching poetry at a
reform school. The final part consists of one
longer poem, dedicated to her husband, which
shows the poetTs struggle to come to terms with
the past and to look toward the future. This col-
lection is a mid-life view, hard-won.
The poems are permeated with an autumnal
sadness, nostalgia, foreboding, and richness, The
poet looks into October woods, her grandmother's
pine quilt chest left now with only oflakings from
dreamed-under patterns,� a box-camera snap-
shot she doesnTt quite remember, her grand-
fatherTs now run-down farm. The child, even while
safely recovering in bed, hears the radio hum
osomewhere in the Pacific� and wonders whether
she should cry. Looking at the run-down farm,
Adcock writes:
we shape a world that will become all risk,
as warfare will become all light.
Until, from necessary dark, we take
the real, pared moon we've earned.
Then, knowing what we ask,
we'll ask the ground again
to dream us if it can.
Images and insights in the poems must be
re-read and savored. This is polished writing.
Adcock writes in oTo Sylvia, Grown Daughter�:
You may enter by the door of what is not yet,
as you did before. Or by the new door
of what has been taken from you.
Pain will let you in, or fury. Ordinary
love will let you in, or any dying.
No key is too odd, no reason too far away.
It is only the house of your first name...
Of marriage after twenty years she writes:
And whatever singing, forgetting or nightmare
howled in this house between man and woman,
the child laughing or stifling
in clenched sleep, here
it is summer and cool, the shelves
green with okra, beans, pears in clear jars.
The final poem of the collection, oThe Swan
Story,� is a summing up of the whole. The child
finds that oString and tatter, a life / is what it can
find / growing wild in the woods and churchyard,�
while the adult discovers that oNettle, thorn and
sandspur, / The world stings itself into summer.�
But, in the end, the poet says to her husband:
We walk toward our winter fire
under the skyTs downfall,
Bird-Loose-Feather whitening our hair.
Dear one, hold on. We are
only halfway there.
And so there is hope"earned the hard way, but
hope.
Betty Adcock is Kenan Writer in Residence at
Meredith College. She grew up in Texas, did part
of her college work at North Carolina State Uni-
versity, and now lives in Raleigh. She has pub-
lished iri various journals and has been included
in anthologies such as New Southern Poets, edited
by Guy Owen, to whom she dedicates this volume.
Nancy Shires, East Carolina University
Elizabeth Evans. Thomas Wolfe. New York: Fred-
erick Ungar Publishing Co., 1984. 204 pp. $12.95
(36 Cooper Square, NY, NY 10003).
This survey of the work of Thomas Wolfe and
the critical reaction to it is one of a series of
handbooks that appraise the fiction of contem-
porary authors. It is a short work, carefully
researched, which provides a well-written insight
into the major themes of WolfeTs work and the
fictional characters he created.
In a highly readable style Dr. Evans gives us a
brief biography of Wolfe and examines each of the
novels as well as From Death to Morning, a collec-
tion of short stories that appeared in 1935. While
Evans draws heavily on the work of other Wolfe
scholars, she is not without her own point of view.
Many of the comments on WolfeTs style, themes,
and characterizations are clearly her own.
While Evans considers Wolfe, in one sense, a
failed talent, she seems to agree with William
Faulkner, who said that among their literary con-
temporaries Wolfe was ofirst because we had all
failed but Wolfe had made the best failure because
he had tried harder to say the most.� Evans thinks
that Look Homeward, Angel escapes many of the
literary pitfalls of the later works, which she
believes are patchworks inexpertly pieced to-
gether. Acknowledging their failures, Evans points
also to their strengths: the brilliant novellas they
contain, the vivid characters that people them,
and the lyrical quality of much of the writing.
The book explores WolfeTs recurrent themes
of loneliness and death and shows how deeply
rooted they are in WolfeTs life. Finally, Evans
touches on WolfeTs slowly developing social aware-
ness, as evidenced by the haunting short story, oI
Have a Thing to Tell You.�
This is a fine book for the serious high school
or college student, as well as a useful guide for
high school and college teachers. There is an
excellent bibliography of works by and about
Wolfe. The book is recommended for high school
and college libraries.
Frances A. Weaver, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Belinda Hurmence. Tancy. New York: Clarion
Books, 1984. 203 pp. $11.95.
It would be easy to focus on the historical
accuracy of Tancy, a novel for young adults that
provides a lucid portrayal of the transition from
Civil War to Reconstruction. But in addition to
portraying correctly a period in history, this book
1984 Winter"201
New North Carolina Books
is the personal story of Tancy, a sixteen-year-old
house girl for the mistress of GaitherTs Mill in
piedmont North Carolina.
Tancy works well as a historical vehicle, for
through her we learn of the atrocities of slavery
and the social upheaval created by sudden free-
dom for blacks. Because Tancy is one of the few
literate slaves, she is able to work for a time at the
FreedmanTs Bureau. This allows us to view the
rampant governmental abuses of the period. Yet
Tancy is more than a chronicler of events or a
representative of her people. She is an individual
with real problems who is forced to make serious
decisions for which she has been grossly unpre-
pared. When Tancy is twice almost raped by the
masterTs son, it is the feelings of that naive young
girl that emerge and not merely the historical
prevalence of such brutality. When Tancy discov-
ers that she is actually the daughter of the
recently deceased master of GaitherTs Mill, we
respond to her ambivalence. Though such an
occurrence was commonplace, it is as though
Tancy is unique in her torn desires. Should she
search for her biological mother, sold away when
she was very young? Or should she be content
with her dependency on oMiss PuddinT,� the only
omother� she has ever known? It makes no differ-
ence that TancyTs choices between the comfort of
the known and the dubious promise of the
unknown were the rule of the day. It is Tancy who
counts, Tancy who draws upon our sympathies.
Hurmence, through sensitive characterization,
lifts this novel from its interesting historical
underpinnings into the realm of a memorable
coming-of-age story. Tancy is surrounded by and
reacts to characters who are very human combi-
nations of good and bad. Stock characters are
used only to facilitate the movement of the plot.
And the plot moves well. Through a judicious
balance of dialogue and narration, Hurmence sus-
tains interest throughout. In fact, a bit of slowing
at the end might have been welcome. Tancy
becomes decisive about her life"tying up loose
ends, intimating future directions, and leaving the
absorbed reader saying oWait! Not so soon!� Per-
haps that reaction is simply the ultimate compli-
ment for a fine, affecting novel. Ms. Hurmence,
author of two previous novels, A Girl Called Boy
and Tough Tiffany, might consider a sequel to
Tancy. This is one reader who cares about what
happens to that endearing young girl.
Yvonne Hardy, Asheville-Buncombe Library System
Jane Turner Censer. North Carolina Planters
and Their Children, 1800-1860. Baton Rouge:
202"North Carolina Libraries
Louisiana State University Press, 1984. 191 pp.
$20.00.
Dr. Censer is associate editor of the Frederick
Law Olmstead Papers at American University,
Washington, D.C., but this book is the result of
doctoral research carried out primarily in North
Carolina at Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill.
Personal letters, wills, deeds, and other records of
hundreds of families were combed to produce this
pioneer study of North Carolina parents and
children. Initially we are introduced to the plant-
er class by being told of many of their common
characteristics"means of livelihood, religion, rec-
reation, attachment to locality, political and eco-
nomic backgrounds, their ideals, sentiments, and
other traits. Six chapters then deal with young
children and family life, youth and education,
courtship, and marriage, parent-adult offspring
relations, the younger generation as adults, and
finally, the white family and slaves.
North Carolina families were found to have
been devoted to and concerned about their chil-
dren and insistent upon education and achieve-
ment and the wise use of time and money. Even
SO, parents were not unduly manipulative of their
childrenTs lives. For example, young people were
free to choose their own marriage partners, to
make their own decisions as to occupations, and
in other ways to manage their own lives. Parents
were generous in helping their children become
established in life and fair in distributing family
property, often dividing estates much earlier than
might have been expected.
This book is carefully researched and written
in a readable style. The variety of information it
contains will appeal to a wide range of readers
both to inform and to entertain. It is a delightful
supplement to Guion JohnsonTs Ante-Bellam
North Carolina, a work that has fascinated North
Carolina readers since it first appeared in 1937.
The assorted charts and tables will have reference
value for librarians, and the classified biblio-
graphy will be useful to students of history. The
scholarly reader will regret that the index, while
certainly useful, is not more detailed. The pedan-
tic reader will wish that the author had made use
of guardianship records in the State Archives, a
source for unusual information on wealthy
orphans: they contain precise information on
clothes, jewelry, toys and games, travel, educa-
tional expenses, and other unusual facts not
available from other sources. But this would have
prolonged the research perhaps by years, and we
must be grateful for the new look at antebellum
children that the author has given us.
William S. Powell, University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill
Portfolio 1983: A Collection of Award Winning
North Carolina Poetry. [32] sheets in 1 portfolio.
$5.00
Portfolio 1984: A Collection of Award Winning
North Carolina Poetry. [22] sheets in 1 portfolio.
$7.50
Greensboro, NC: Poetry Center Southeast. (Li-
brary, Guilford College, 5800 Friendly Ave. W.,
Greensboro, NC 27410)
These titles, anthologies of poems by North
Carolina authors, have each been published in the
form of looseleaf printed sheets or broadsheets
sheafed together in an attractive folder. The orig-
inal Portfolio concept is attributed to Barbara
Rosson Davis. Several different styles of printing
are used, and the individual design of each piece
enhances the work as it appears on the page and
intrigues the reader beyond the appreciation of
the poetry itself.
The poetry, award-winning works submitted
statewide for these publications, varies in subject
matter and level of skill. Some of the most
accomplished poets in the state appear in these
collections, along with some new voices. Ruth
MooseTs oRiver Bed� (You made your bed / on the
pine needles / under the tin roof / in the rain. You
rarely / think for the roar, / think for the roar.) is
a good poem by an author many North Carolini-
ans will recognize. This reviewer's favorite is a
poem by Paul Jones from the 1983 Portfolio,
oThere Are Not Enough Ways� (to talk about pas-
sion. / ... like the field resting / in the arms of
winter, / we hold seeds in us, / the smoldering
code of briar / whose crooked thorns forbid / the
mention of spring.). The 1983 selections were
made by Sam Ragan, Poet Laureate of North
Carolina, and San Francisco poet Roger Aplon,
and the 1984 ones by Stanley Lindberg, editor of
The Georgia Review. In general the poems reflect
a strength of craft and variety of theme that
should appeal to a wide spectrum of readers.
What makes this publishing effort unusual,
the broadside format, also unfortunately makes it
unwieldy for library or personal use. I enjoyed
handling the loose pages, appreciating each
example of the printerTs art, until they began to
scatter and fray because they werenTt bound
between conventional covers. In general the
works would be better served if they were in book
form and could be placed on a shelf. This reserva-
tion aside, however, the Portfolio projects, sup-
ported by several grants including one from the
New North Carolina Books
North Carolina Arts Council, are a success in
terms of quality of content and presentation and
are recommended for public, academic, or high
school libraries.
Coyla Barry, Chapel Hill
Paul Hulton. America 1585: The Complete Draw-
ings of John White. Chapel Hill: The University of
North Carolina Press, 1984. 213 pp. $24.95.
Among the most valuable legacies of Ameri-
caTs Four Hundredth Anniversary Committee are
many fine publications sponsored in whole or
part by the committee. Surely this volume is one
of the finest.
John White was the artist who came from
England with the colonists who landed on Roa-
noke Island in 1585. He had instructions to draw
plants, animals, and people in the New World. His
drawings are remarkable. The surviving original
watercolors are in the British Museum. This
volume reproduces all seventy-six of those, plus
the complete set of Theodor de Bry engravings
(1590), and the copies made in the early 1660s.
There are 186 illustrations in all, eighty of them in
color.
Paul Hulton, the author, was Deputy Keeper
in the Department of Prints and Drawings of the
British Museum. The British Museum is a co-pub-
lisher of this volume. In addition to the reproduc-
tions of the White drawings, this volume contains
brief chapters on the English discovery of the New
World; on White; on Theodor de Bry, WhiteTs pub-
lisher; on the history and publication of the draw-
ings; on their meaning and influence; and on
White as artist. Extensive notes on the plates, a
short bibliography, and an index complete the
volume.
A book of this quality and importance
deserves a place in all public, school, and aca-
demic libraries in the state. It is a stunning
accomplishment. Congratulations to the publish-
ers and to Mr. Hulton.
Alice R. Cotten, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Other Publications of Interest
Hunter Publishing Company in Winston-Salem
has a series of North Carolina county histories
(twenty-three so far) that are of interest to public
libraries and local and genealogical collections.
The text of each was written by local county resi-
dents and includes a brief history of the county, a
large section of family history, pictures, and an
1984 Winter"203
index. The quality of the writing varies, and
researchers familiar with publications such as
this know that some information presented as
factual must be verified. The presence of an index
certainly enhances the usefulness of each volume.
The books are printed on archival paper, are
hardbound, and are embossed with the county
seal, making attractive and durable volumes.
Prices range from $30-$45. (P.O. Box 5867, Win-
ston-Salem, NC 27113)
The North Carolina Friends Historical Society
has recently published (1984) Friends oat the
Spring�: A History of Spring Monthly Meeting
by Algie I. Newlin, fourth in their series of histo-
ries of Friends meetings. NewlinTs story is a meticu-
lous tracing of this Piedmont meeting from its
beginning in the mid-eighteenth century until the
present. Two appendixes, notes, and a biblio-
graphy round out this 147-page volume. Recom-
mended for collections of local history and of
religion.
Sketches of Old Warrenton, North Carolina
by Lizzie Watson Montgomery, originally pub-
lished in 1924, has been reprinted by The Reprint
Company in Spartanburg, S.C. (P.O. Box 5401).
Warrenton, county seat of Warren County, was
incorporated in 1779. The book is subtitled oTra-
ditions and Reminiscences of the Town and Peo-
ple Who Made It,� and it covers the daily lives and
events of the residents, including education,
social customs, newspapers, business, churches,
and anecdotes about the residents. ItTs fascinat-
ing and quite readable, suitable for genealogical
and local collections, and for libraries with collec-
tions of North Caroliniana. ItTs good to have this
one back in print. ($25.00)
A new edition (paper) of Jane CoreyTs
Exploring the Seacoast of North Carolina is
available for $5.95 from The Provincial Press, Box
2311, Chapel Hill, NC 27514. Since the volume first
came out in 1969, this book has been popular with
both tourists and natives who like to explore our
state's coast. ItTs slim (40 pages), attractive, nicely
illustrated, has good maps, and is useful. This edi-
tion includes changes along the coast in the last
fifteen years. Recommended for school and public
libraries and for collections of North Caroliniana.
Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc. (1001
N. Calvert St., Baltimore, Md. 21202) has recently
published North Carolina Taxpayers, 1701-
1786, first of a projected two-volume work. For
about half of North Carolina counties formed
before 1786, this volume lists those persons pay-
ing poll or property taxes. Names are from tax
lists at the North Carolina State Archives and
from North Carolina Genealogy. There are about
204"North Carolina Libraries
28,000 names, giving county of residence, date,
and occasionally some additional information.
($17.50)
RTSS Grant for the NCLA
Biennial Conference
The purposes of the grant are to encourage
(1) membership in NCLA and RTSS, (2) attend-
ance at NCLA Biennial Conferences, and (3) par-
ticipation in RTSS activities.
The grant will be for $250.00 to finance
attendance at the next Biennial Conference of
NCLA. Membership in NCLA and RTSS are
required upon acceptance of the grant.
The grant will be awarded without regard to
sex, age, or type of library.
Criteria for Selection
1. At least part of the applicantTs current work-
must involve an aspect of technical services:
acquisitions, cataloging, classification, resources,
collection development, preservation of library
materials, or related activities.
2. The applicant must not have attended an
NCLA Biennial Conference previously.
3. The applicant must work in North Carolina.
4. The applicant must demonstrate financial
need.
5. The completed application form must be neat
and intelligible.
6. The applicant must secure work leave appro-
val as appropriate.
Conditions of Grant Acceptance
1. The recipient must provide confirmation of
acceptance in writing to the chairperson of the
Resources and Technical Services Section.
2. The recipient must be a member of, or join,
NCLA and RTSS.
3. The recipient must attend the entire Biennial
Conference and all RTSS functions and will assist
with RTSS programs if requested by the Executive
Committee.
4. The recipient must notify the chairperson of
the section, and return the grant funds if the
terms of the grant cannot be met.
The selection of the grant recipient will rest
solely with the RTSS Executive Committee. In the
absence of qualified applicants, no grant will be
awarded.
For application forms, write to: Joline Ezzell,
Head, Serials Department, Duke University Li-
brary, Durham, N.C. 27706. Deadline for applying:
July 1, 1985.
Candidates for NCASL Officer
North Carolina Association of School Librarians
Nominating Committee Report
Candidates for NCASL Offices
Frances Bryant Bradburn, Vice-Chairman/Chairman-Elect
(1985-87)
Current Position
Upper School Librarian, Greensboro Day School
Education
M.LS., University of North Carolina at Greensboro
B.A., Wake Forest University
Professional Offices and Memberships
NCLA, North Carolina Libraries, Editorial Board
NCLA, NCASL, Executive Board
NCLA, NCASL, Research Grants Committee
ALA
Guilford Library Association, Membership Chairman
UNC-G Library Science/Educational Technology Alumni Associ-
ation, Chairman, Scholarship Committee, 1983
Publications
Research on Adolescence: An Annotated Bibliogaphy on Adoles-
cent Development Educational Needs and Media, 1978-
1980 (with Gerald G. Hodges). Chicago: ALA Publi-
cations, 1983.
oResearch on Adolescence� (with Gerald G. Hodges), Top of the
News (Spring 1983).
Awards and Accomplishments
Beta Phi Mu
NCLA Query-Long Scholarship
Tassels, honorary womenTs leadership:society, Wake Forest Uni-
versity
Edith B. Briles, Vice-Chairman/Chairman-Elect (1985-87)
Current Position
Director of Instructional Media, Randolph County Board of
Education
Education
M.Ed., University of North Carolina at Greensboro
AB., Greensboro College
Additonal graduate work at the University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill
Professional Offices and Memberships
NCLA, Education in Librarianship Committee
NCLA, NCASL, School Library Media Day (Plans for 1984 SLM
Day won the Grolier National Library Week Award)
NCLA, NCASL, Planning Committee for 1st NCASL Pre-Confer-
ence for System-Level Media Personnel, Library Educa-
tion Personnel, SDPI Personnel, and NCASL Executive
Board
ALA
Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development
North Carolina Association of School Administrators
SupervisorsT Commission, Steering Committee, 1980-81
SupervisorsT Commission, Steering Committee, Secretary, 1982-
83
Delta Kappa Gamma, Alpha Upsilon Chapter, Secretary
Delta Kappa Gamma, Alpha Upsilon Chapter, Research Com-
mittee Chairman
UNC-G Library Science/Educational Technology Alumni Associ-
ation, Executive Board
UNC-G Department of Library Science/Educational Technology,
Advisory Committee
Awards and Accomplishments
Teacher of the Year, Asheboro City Schools
Author and Developer of Project ZOO, an ESEA Title IV-C inno-
vative project. Now approved for dissemination nation-
ally by the Joint Dissemination Review Panel.
a
Carolyne Carter Burgman, Director at Large (1985-89)
Current Position
Media Specialist, F. D. Bluford Elementary School, Greensboro
Education
M.LS., University of North Carolina at Greensboro
BS., Fort Valley State College, Fort Valley, Georgia
Professional Offices and Memberships
NCASL School Library Media Day Committee, Secretary/Treas-
urer
ALA, AASL
North Carolina Association of Educators
National Education Association
Greensboro Association of Media Specialists
Publication
oHumble Beginnings: Lessons in Computer Utilization,� North
Carolina Libraries 42 (Fall 1984): 118-120.
Awards and Accompishments
1974 Fellow in Higher Education Act Title II-B Program at UNC-G
One of six professionals selected to write computer modules for
the Ford Foundation Grant Programs at Bennett College
Ford Foundation Grant Steering Committee
Ben L. Smith Memorial Scholarship Fund, Board of Directors
Jennie A. Johnson Franklin, Director at Large (1985-89)
Current Position
Supervisor, Media and ECIA, Chapter I Reading
Education
M. Ed., North Carolina State University
B.A., Elementary Education, Bennett College
Professional Offices and Memberships
NCLA, NCASL
ALA
International Reading Association
National Education Association
North Carolina Association of Educators, Building Representa-
tive
North Carolina Association of Educators, PACE Committee
North Carolina Association of Educators, Public Relations
Officer
Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development
North Carolina Association for Supervision and Curriculum,
Publications Commmittee
1984 Winter"205
North Carolina Association for Supervision and Curriculum,
Region 3, Secretary
North Carolina Association of Compensatory Educators
Council on Educational Services for Exceptional Children, Vice-
Chairperson
Council on Educational Services for Exceptional Children,
appointed by the State Board of Education for two terms
to represent the Second Congressional District
Awards and Accomplishments
Listed in Outstanding Educators of America, 1972
Sound and Print United (WVSP-FM, Public Radio). Served as
member of the Board of Directors for two terms and was
active in fund-raising efforts for this non-profit organiza-
tion.
rE
Katherine Seitz Kiser, Director, Geographical Area (. 1985-89)
Current Position
Director of Media Services, Catawba County Schools
Education
Ed. D., Curriculum and Supervision, Appalachian State Univer-
sity
M.S., Library Science, Appalachian State University
B.S., Library Science, Appalachian State Teachers College
Professional Offices and Memberships
NCLA, NCASL, School Library Media Day Committee
NCLA, NCASL, Committee for Pre-Conference for Media Super-
visors
North Carolina Association for Supervision and Curriculum
Development
North Carolina Association for School Administrators
Awards and Accomplishments
Alpha Chi
Delta Kappa Gamma
Beth Miller Rountree, Director, Geographical Area (1985-89)
Current Position
Media Specialist, Curriculum Research Center, Charlotte-Meck-
lenburg Schools
Education
M.LS., University of North Carolina at Greensboro
A.B., Elon College
Professional Offices and Memberships
NCLA, Intellectual Freedom Committee
NCLA, Education for Librarianship Committee, 1980-83
NCLA, NCASL, Research Grants Committee, Chair
ALA
Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development
Mecklenburg Library Association
Metrolina Library Association
Awards and Accomplishments
Kappa Delta Pi
UNC-G Department of Library Science/Educational Technology,
Advisory Committee
ee
Gayle Keresey, Affiliate Assembly Delegate (1985-87, �)
Current Position
Media Coordinator, East Arcadia School, Bladen County
Education
M.A.L.S., University of Kentucky
A.B., Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
206"North Carolina Libraries
Professional Offices and Memberships
NCLA, Intellectual Freedom Committee, 1980
NCLA, NCASL, AASL Affiliate Assembly Delegate, 1983
NCLA, NCASL, Executive Committee, 1983
NCLA, ChildrenTs Services Section, ChildrenTs Book Award Study
Committee, Chairperson, 1981-83
ALA, AASL, School Faculty Materials Selection Committee, 1981
ALA, ALSC, Print and Poster Evaluation Committee, 1982
ALA, ALSC, Filmstrip Evaluation Committee, 1983
ALA, YASD, Outstanding Non-Fiction for the College Bound,
Revision Committee, 1980-82
ALA, YASD, Intellectual Freedom Committee, 1981- ; Chairper-
son, 1983
National Education Association
ChildrenTs Literature Association
Publications
oSchool Book Club Expurgation Practices,� Top of the News
(Winter 1984).
oExpurgation Practices,� Indiana Media Journal (Winter 1983).
oYoung Miss,� in ChildrenTs Periodicals of the United States, ed.
by R. Gordon Kelly, Greenwood Press, 1984.
Reviewer, School Library Journal, Voice of Youth Advocates,
Women Library Wrokers Journal
Awards and Accomplishments
ALA, Junior Members Round Table, Shirley Olofson Memorial
Award, 1982.
E. Glenn Wall, Affiliate Assembly Delegate (1 985-87)
Current Position
Media Specialist, Charles C. Ervin Junior High School, Granite
Quarry
Education
M.A., Appalachian State University
B.S., Appalachian State University
Professional Offices and Memberships
NCLA, NCASL
ALA, AASL
National Education Association
North Carolina Association of Educators
Education Media Association, 1976-80
Phi Delta Kappa, 1971-77
Awards and Accomplishments
NC Department of Public Instruction Scholarship for Graduate
Study, 1970-71
Rowan Technical College Media Advisory Committee, 1972-77
NC Association of Student Councils, School Advisor, 5 years
NC Association of Student Councils, Western District Conven-
tion, Chairman, 1972
NC Association of Student Councils, State Leadership Work-
shop, Mars Hill College, 1973-74
National Association of Student Councils, Convention, Roches-
ter, Minnesota, 1974
Teacher of the Year, Central Cabarrus High School, 1974
Outstanding Young Educator, Central Cabarrus J aycees, 1974
Outstanding Secondary Educator of America, 1974
NC Association of Educators, Local Unit Vice-President, Local
Unit Treasurer, Local Unit Parliamentarian
NC High School Library Association, School Advisor, 7 years
Granite Quarry Elementary School, Parent Teacher Association,
Vice-President, 1983-84
Rowan County School Media Committee for NC State Accredita-
tion, 1983-84
Local Junior High Computer Camp, Director, 1984
NCLA Minutes and Reports
North Carolina Library Association
Minutes of the Executive Board
July 20, 1984
The Executive Board of the North Carolina Library Associa-
tion met on July 20, 1984 at the Radisson Hotel, High Point,
North Carolina. Board members present were Leland Park, Shir-
ley McLaughlin, Mary Avery, Robert Bland, Rebecca Ballentine,
Mertys Bell, Jane Williams, Benjamin Speller, Robert Burgin,
Karen Perry, Patsy Hansel, Judith Sutton, Emily Boyce, Eunice
Drum, Jerry Thrasher, Dorothy Burnley, and Judie Davie. Also
present were Gene Lanier, Louise Boone, Arial Stephens, Marge
Lindsey, Gary Barefoot, and Helen Tugwell.
President Park called the meeting to order. He recognized
representatives from the Radisson Hotel, who welcomed the
group to High Point and spoke briefly about the facilities and
services of the hotel. President Park welcomed Mary Avery, new
chairperson of the Junior College Section, to the board. He also
recognized Immediate Past President Mertys Bell and congratu-
lated her on her recent retirement as dean, Learning Resources,
Guilford Technical Community College.
~The minutes of the April 6, 1984, meeting of the Executive
Board were presented for Secretary Roberta Williams by Acting
Secretary Shirley McLaughlin. Two corrections were noted:
a. Page 2, paragraph three. Name of the headquarters hotel
for the 1985 NCLA Biennial Conference is the Radisson Hotel in
Raleigh.
b. Page 7, last paragraph. Correct spelling of Jim McKeeTs
last name.
The minutes were then approved as corrected.
President Park stated that dates and sites for meetings of
the NCLA Executive Board for 1985 are presently under consid-
eration and will be announced soon. He asked that board
members let him know as soon as possible of any conflicts, spe-
cial events, or personal commitments which should be consid-
ered in scheduling the meetings.
President Park reminded everyone of the form sent to all
section and committee chairmen by Vice President/President-
Elect Pauline Myrick requesting dates, times, space needs, and
plans for section and committee meetings and programs at the
46th Biennial Conference to be held in Raleigh October 1-5,
1985. This information is needed no later than February 1, 1985,
in order for the Conference Planning Committee to work out
scheduling and room arrangement details.
President Park stated that Governor Hunt has declared
August 1984 as oAdult Literacy Awareness Month.� A kick-off
dinner will be held in Raleigh at the Radisson Hotel on August 8.
Board members were invited to represent NCLA at this event.
President Park reported that reaction to the Spring Work-
shop held in Greensboro on April 7 was generally favorable. The
one-day format seemed to work well, and participation was
good.
Eunice Drum gave the treasurerTs report and distributed
copies to all board members.
President Park pointed out that NCLATs complete mailing
list has been sold to the Virginia Library Association for a charge
of $50.00. He also called the boardTs attention to the need for
additional funds in the budget for office expenses. Robert Bur-
gin moved that the board authorize an overexpenditure in the
Executive Office Expense Account up to $1,000, provided that
funds are available within the overall budget. This motion was
seconded and passed.
The President announced that the Finance Committee will
meet on Thursday, July 26, at the State Library in Raleigh. He
shared with the board an invitation from Bob Pollard, commit-
tee chairman, stating that all interested board members would
be welcome to attend this meeting.
Arial Stephens reported on plans for the 1985 Biennial Con-
ference. He urged all committee and section chairpersons to
send in their requests for space, time, and choice of dates for
meetings as soon as possible.
Robert Burgin, editor of North Carolina Libraries, reported
that the summer 1984 issue is being printed and should be
mailed within the next week. The fall issue will focus on chil-
drenTs programming. Burgin also stated that he hopes to continue
to serve as editor of North Carolina Libraries while assuming
his new duties as a lecturer in the School of Library Science at
North Carolina Central University in Durham and as a doctoral
student in the School of Library Science at UNC-Chapel Hill.
Louise Boone, chair of the Governmental Relations Commit-
tee, reported that North Carolina libraries were represented by
a contingent of seventeen persons at Legislative Day on April 10
in Washington. The group visited the offices of the North Caro-
lina congressional delegation to discuss issues and concerns of
librarians and libraries. A major concern was the federal legisla-
tion regarding deregulation of AT&T and the accompanying rise
in telephone charges, access line fees, and FCC regulations
regarding use and cost of lines and equipment. Such rising costs
are already having a tremendous impact on library budgets
throughout the United States. Chairperson Boone stated that all
librarians need to make their concerns known and that legisla-
tors should be urged to adopt legislation that would exempt
libraries from these added charges. President Park agreed to
send a mailing to NCLA sections and committees requesting
information and input on the effect of added telephone charges
on the budgets of North Carolina libraries.
Dr. Gene Lanier, chair of the Committee on Intellectual
Freedom, reported on recent incidents involving censorship in
North Carolina libraries. He announced that September 8-15 will
be oBanned Book Week� in the United States and urged the par-
ticipation of North Carolina libraries and librarians in this event.
Dr. Lanier also announced that the North Carolina Chapter of
Citizens for the American Way has provided funding for a forum
series on censorship and controversial issues. Four meetings are
currently planned for the following dates and locations: July 31,
Winston-Salem; September 6, Asheville; September 13, Green-
ville; October 4, Durham. Dr. Lanier distributed copies of pro-
posed legislation regarding the confidentiality of patron records
in North Carolina libraries for members of the board to review.
Emily Boyce announced that Dr. Lanier had received the 1984
Immroth Intellectual Freedom Award at the ALA Annual Con-
ference in Dallas in June. The board extended its congratula-
tions to Dr. Lanier on winning this award.
1984 Winter"207
NCLA Minutes and Reports
The report of the Membership Committee was given by 2nd
Vice-President Jane Williams. She reported that 2,000 copies of
the recently revised NCLA membership brochure have been
printed and made available to the treasurer and to the Member-
ship Committee for distribution. She also asked the boardTs
advice regarding the printing of a message on the brochures
notifying members of their option to be excluded from the NCLA
mailing list when it is made available to private and/or commer-
cial distributors. The board agreed that the Membership Com-
mittee should include this message on the next printing of the
brochure.
Emily Boyce, NCLA representative to ALA, reported on the
103rd annual ALA Conference in Dallas on June 23-27, 1984.
North Carolina was well represented at this conference. Dr. Les-
ter Asheim was recognized by the association with the presenta-
tion of an honorary membership. Dr. Gene Lanier received the
Immroth Memorial Award from the Intellectual Freedom
Roundtable. Edith Briles, chair of the NCASL Committee on
School Library Media Day, presented a program on this project
during the conference. Friends of North Carolina Libraries
received the Friends of Libraries, USA, award in recognition of
their accomplishments in organizing state workshops and pro-
grams dealing with legislative library-related activities.
Some discussion followed regarding the scheduling of ALA
annual conferences for July 1985 and June 1986, requiring
budgeting of travel funds for two annual conferences within one
budget year. The possibility of planning a reception for North
Carolina representatives at future SELA and ALA conferences
was also discussed. President Park asked Rebecca Ballentine,
SELA representative, and Emily Boyce, ALA representative, to
discuss this matter and recommend some plans at a later date.
The NCASL report was given by Dr. Judie Davie. Pauline
Myrick and Judie Davie represented NCASL at Legislative Day
activities in Washington on April 10. School Library Media Day
was celebrated throughout North Carolina on Wednesday, April
11, during the week-long celebration of National Library Week.
The executive committee of NCASL met on May 25 and drafted a
resolution concerning the AASL future structure report and the
writing of national standards. The Executive Committee of
NCASL met on May 25 and drafted a resolution concerning the
AASL future structure report and the writing of national stan-
dards. The Executive Committee voted to withhold financial
assistance for the standards project until questions concerning
expenditures and revenues were answered. The Ad Hoc Com-
mittee on Committees, chaired by Arabelle Fedora, has revised
guidelines for policies and procedures for the Awards and Scho-
larship, Budget, and Standards Committees. Wilma Bates of
Greensboro was appointed chair of the Awards and Scholarship
Committee; Emily Boyce was appointed chair of the Standards
Committee. The 1984 AASL affiliate assembly forwarded resolu-
tions in support of AASL remaining a part of ALA to the Execu-
tive Board of the Affiliate Assembly for action. Dr. Davie
announced that Jane Belsches from Carrboro had received one
of two G. P. Putnam grants awarded to a school librarian attend-
ing a first national conference at the ALA conference in Dallas,
NCASL representatives will participate in the workshop for
youth services coordinators in Raleigh on August 20 and the
AASL Atlanta conference in November 1984. Dr. Davie also
reported on plans for the 1984 Biennial NCASL Work Confer-
ence to be held in Raleigh October 4-5.
Karen Perry reported on activities of the ChildrenTs Services
Section. Two ad hoc committees, Standards and Book Award,
were appointed and approved by the Executive Committee at a
meeting in Raleigh on March 21. The Program Committee is
planning a program to be presented during the NCASL Work
Conference in Raleigh October 4-5. This committee has also
begun plans for the NCLA 1985 Biennial Conference program.
208"North Carolina Libraries
The report for the Resources and Technical Services Section
was given by Benjamin F. Speller, Jr., chair. This section will
sponsor a mini-conference on oThe Changing Role of the Techni-
cal Services Librarian� at the Whispering Pines Country Club on
September 26-27. The Section has obtained LSCA Title III funds
to support this conference.
Robert Bland, chair, College and University Libraries Sec-
tion, reported that ninety-two people attended the SectionTs
Workshop on oThe Library and Its Campus Community:
Partners in Academic Excellence,� which was held June 15 on
the campus of Meredith College in Raleigh. The section is also
making plans with the Junior College Section to co-sponsor a
program or workshop on automation and the small library.
The report of Emily Correll, chair, Documents Section, was
read by Shirley McLaughlin. This section plans to sponsor a
workshop in Durham on October 19 with Raymond Greene
and Michael Crowell discussing the role their departments play
in the distribution of information in the state. The Committee on
the State Documents Depository is working toward changes in
the current ineffective state depository law. This problem will
also be submitted to Louise Boone and the Governmental Rela-
tions Committee.
Mary Avery, chair, Junior College Section, reported that bal-
lots have been mailed to the section membership regarding a
proposed name change to more accurately reflect the types of
institutions represented by the membership. The results of this
survey will be presented to the Constitution, Codes and Hand-
book Revision Committee for its recommendation.
Patsy Hansel, chair, Round Table on the Status of Women in
Librarianship, reported on the successful funding of $600,000 in
the state budget for a study of state personnel positions to
determine areas of inequity in job classifications. This project
was supported by the RTSWL Executive Board. Ms. Hansel also
reported that initial response to the workshop, oThe Good, The
Bad, The Ugly: Documenting Employee Performance,� planned
for July 26-27 in Winston-Salem, was very favorable, with
approximately fifty persons registered thus far.
Mary Williams, chair, Round Table for Ethnic Minority Con-
cerns, reported on plans for a workshop, oPromoting Oneself in
the Field of Librarianship,� to be held October 5 at Shaw Univer-
sity in Raleigh. t
Rebecca Ballentine, SELA representative, reported on plans
for a conference, oAccess to Information: A YouthTs Right"A
CommunityTs Responsibility,� to be held at the Florida State Uni-
versity Conference Center, July 29-August 1. She also reviewed
pre-conference and conference program highlights for the SELA
Biennial Conference to be held October 17-19 at Biloxi, Missis-
sippi. After some discussion regarding travel fares to Biloxi, Ms.
Ballentine offered to check into the possibility of NCLA group
bus or plane rates to the conference,
Other reports were presented by Judith Sutton (Public
Libraries), Dorothy Burnley (Trustees) and Arial Stephens
(Networking).
Judie Davie invited the Executive Board members to attend
the NCASL Biennial Workshop in October. She also expressed
the desire of this section to remain a part of NCLA.
Jane Williams reminded the board that LSCA funds are
available to fund workshops. She distributed copies of guidelines
for application and use of such funds.
Arial Stephens discussed plans and arrangements for the
October 12 meeting of the Executive Board, which will be held in
Oxford at the Richard H. Thornton Library.
There being no further business, the meeting adjourned.
Shirley McLaughlin, Acting Secretary
Roberta S. Williams, Secretary
ChildrenTs Services Section
The Executive Board of the section has not met during this
quarter. The next meeting is planned for July 30 in Fayetteville
at the Cumberland County Public Library.
All Executive Board appointments had been made by the
chair during this quarter, with the addition of Maryjane Carbo
(ChildrenTs Librarian in Franklin County) as chairman of the
Bylaws Committee. However, resignations were received from
Dot Guthrie (Gaston County Public Library) in an elected posi-
tion as director and from Nina Lyon (ChildrenTs Coordinator of
Charlotte:Mecklenburg Public Library) as chairman of the ad
hoc Committee on Standards. Also, Kathy Woodrell, past-chair
and a member of the board, moved out of state. This leaves our
board with two vacancies at this time and a vacancy in an ad
hoc committee for this biennium.
The Program Committee has been notified that there will be
an opportunity for a program at the NCASL Work Conference,
Oct. 4-5, and they are working on the contents of this program.
They have also begun plans for the NCLA biennial conference
program. A money-making project to help finance the confer-
ence program is being investigated by the section chair.
Karen Perry, Chair
Documents Section
The Executive Board of the Documents Section met May 21,
1984, in Winston-Salem to discuss plans for the fall workshop/
business meeting. The meeting will be in Durham, October 19,
with Raymond Greene and Michael Crowell discussing the role
their departments play in the distribution of information in the
state.
The Committee on the State Documents Depository is under
a new chair, Pat Langelier of UNC, and is working toward
changes in the current ineffective state depository law. We shall
be submitting this problem to Louise Boone and the Govern-
mental Relations Committee.
Because the Documents Section chairTs term of office is one
year, the current vice-chair, Stuart Basefsky, will be attending
the next meetings.
Emily Correll, Chair
Junior College Section
On June 20, Andrea Brown turned the Junior College Sec-
tion chairmanship over to Mary Avery, vice-chairman/chair-
man-elect for 1983-85. Andrea is moving to Richmond, Virginia.
Correspondence with Mae Tucker, chairman of the Consti-
tution, Codes, and Handbook Revision Committee, gave the sec-
tion guidelines for a change in the constitution. The section is
seeking a name change. The Junior College Board feels the name
oJunior College� does not properly reflect the type of institutions
that the membership of the secion are associated with. Two
possible choices are Two-Year College Section and Community
and Junior College Section.
Due to the fact that we are not sure how our membership
will vote, the section is not ready at this time to submit our final
proposal. The membership has received ballots, and they are to
be returned by July 27, 1984. By the next Executive Board meet-
ing, the section will have the new name submitted to the Consti-
tution, Codes, and Handbook Revision Committee for a
recommendation to the Executive Board of North Carolina
Library Association.
NCLA Minutes and Reports
The section is also pursuing the possibility of sponsoring a
workshop with the College and University Section in late winter.
Mary Avery, Chair
North Carolina Association of School Librarians
During the second quarter of 1984, NCASL has been active
in local, state, and national events concerning school library
media coordinators and school library media programs. On
April 10, 1984, Pauline Myrick and Judie Davie represented
NCASL during Legislative Day activities in Washington.
School Library Media Day was celebrated throughout the
state on Wednesday, April 11. Numerous individual schools and
systems were involved in week-long activities for National
Library Week with highlights on School Library Media Day. Bal-
loons were launched; open houses were held; contests were won,
authors, illustrators, and storytellers shared their talents. Eval-
uations from almost 400 individuals provided feedback for
planning and implementing School Library Media Day, 1985.
Details of School Library Media Day were shared by Edith Briles
at the National Library Week Committee program in Dallas on
June 22; a poster session was presented in Dallas on June 23.
The Executive Committee of NCASL met on May 25 to dis-
cuss and direct activities of the association, particularly the
content of resolutions for the 1984 AASL Affiliate Assembly.
Resolutions concerning the AASL future structure report and
the writing of national standards were drafted. The Executive
Committee voted to withhold financial assistance for the stan-
dards project until questions concerning expenditures and
revenue were answered.
The report from the Ad Hoc Committee on Committees,
chaired by Arabelle Fedora, provided revised guidelines for poli-
cies and procedures for the Awards and Scholarship, Budget,
and Standards Committees. Wilma Bates of Greensboro was
appointed chair of the Awards and Scholarship Committee;
Emily Boyce was appointed chair of the Standards Committee.
At the 1984 AASL Affiliate Assembly, delegates were briefed
on a preliminary report of the survey of members and non-
members regarding the future of AASL. Numerous affiliates
brought resolutions in support of AASL remaining a part of ALA
but addressing the need to improve communication within ALA
and to support a stronger federated structure within ALA.
These resolutions and others were consolidated, approved, and
forwarded to the Executive Board of the Affiliate Assembly for
action.
NCASL was well represented at the ALA Conference in Dal-
las with building level and system level school library media
coordinators. Jane Belsches from Carrboro received one of the
two G. P. Putnam grants awarded to a school librarian attending
a first national conference, She was recognized at the Newbery-
Caldecott banquet and the ALSC Membership meeting.
NCASL has been invited to present the activities of School
Library Media Day at the workshop for youth services coordina-
~ tors in Raleigh on August 20.
At the AASL Atlanta conference in November 1984, NCASL
will be a part of the program session on school library media
celebrations with a slide presentation of the planning, imple-
mentation, and evaluation of School Library Media Day, 1984.
Plans continue for the 1984 Biennial Work Conference,
oLibrary Media Services: Practical and Political,� in Raleigh,
October 4-5. Concurrent sessions, a media fair, exhibits, author
visits, and a preconference for library media supervisors are
some of the events. Pre-registration and NCLA/NCASL member-
ship information will be available at the SDPI Regional Work-
shops in August.
1984 Winter"209
NCLA Minutes and Reports
As the halfway mark of the biennium approaches, NCASL
Strives to contribute to the excellence in school library media
programs and school library media coordinators.
Resources and Technical Services Section
The Resources and Technical Services SectionTs Executive
Committee met on April 27, 1984, at the UNC-Chapel Hill Health
Sciences Library and on July 13, 1984, at the New Hanover
County Public Library, Wilmington, North Carolina. The major
focus of these two meetings was the development of the pro-
gram for the mini-conference on oThe Changing Role of The
Technical Services Librarian,� which will be held at the Whisper-
ing Pines Country Club in Whispering Pines, North Carolina,
September 26 and 27, 1984. These two meetings resulted in:
1. The preparation of an LSCA, Title III, proposal to
support the conference. The proposal was funded by the Divi-
sion of State Library, North Carolina Department of Cultural
Resources.
2. A tentative schedule for the mini-conference. A copy of
the brochure, which includes the program and an advance reg-
istration form for the conference and rooms, will be mailed to
NCLA members as near to July 30 as possible. The registration
fee for the conference is $20.
The chair attended a meeting of the Planning and Research
Committee of the Resources and Technical Services Division
(RTSD) of ALA at Dallas. The proposed name change, Associa-
tion for Libraries Resources and Technical Services, did not
receive the necessary two-thirds majority. This committee has
discovered significant overlap in the activities of committees
and round tables of RTSD and of the Library and Information
Technology Association (LITA),
Benjamin F. Speller, Jr., Chair
Round Table for Ethnic Minority Concerns
August 27, 1984, Round Table Executive Board Meeting. The
Joyner Library at East Carolina University hosted our meeting
along with a mini-session of invited guests and librarians. A
workshop entitled oMicrocomputers " Library Uses� was con-
ducted by Dr. Veronica S. Pantelidis, associate professor at
ECU's Department of Library Science. She brought with her a
microcomputer system and many programs accessible for
immediate reproduction for those in attendance.
On July 19, we met at St. MaryTs College to finalize plans for
the October 5 workshop.
On Friday, October 5, 1984, at Shaw UniversityTs Library,
the workshop, oPromoting Oneself in the Field of Librarianship,�
will begin at 9:30.
Benjamin F. Speller, Jr., acting dean at North Carolina Cen-
tral University, will present oNetworking and Mentoring: The
Impact of Cross-Generational Experiences in the Career Devel-
opment of Ethnic Minority Librarians.�
After lunch, there will be a panel discussion: oHow to
Develop a Career Pattern: Steps to Take.� Four librarians will be
featured, each representing the profession in four different set-
tings.
Our next newsletter will appear in September.
Mary P. Williams, Chair
Round Table on the Status of Women in Librarianship
The round tableTs two primary projects for this quarter
were to plan a workshop on personnel documentation and to do
210"North Carolina Libraries
what we could in support of the pay equity effort in the legisla-
ture.
On May 16, State Senator Wilma Woodard met with the
RTSWL Executive Board to brief us about the plan to request
$600,000 in the state budget for a study of state personnel posi-
tions to determine areas of inequity in job classifications. The
Executive Board pledged their support to this effort, and we
were pleased to note that the $600,000 did make it through the
budget process.
oThe Good, The Bad, The Ugly: Documenting Employee Per-
formance� is scheduled for July 26 and 27 in Winston-Salem. An
LSCA grant enabled RTSWL to have the funds to do a bulk
mailing of the workshop brochures to all NCLA members, and
response was immediate and enthusiastic. The workshops fifty
places should be filled this week. We will report at the next
Executive Board meeting about the success of this workshop.
Patsy J. Hansel
Governmental Relations Committee
Washington Legislative Day 1984 fell on April 10; most of
the library delegation was in the Washington area by the evening
of April 9.
Information packets for congressmen were picked up at the
ALA office late in the afternoon of the 9th, and that evening
information material from sections of NCLA was added to the
packets.
The day, April 10, began with a briefing session at 8:00 in the
Rayburn House Office Building. Following the briefing, two
teams were formed more or less along east-west lines, and they
advanced to their first 10:00 appointments. Both teams met at
3:00 for the final appointment in the office of Representative Jim
Martin back in the Rayburn Office Building.
The wrap-up session at 3:30 was filled with reports of a very
successful day. The usual congressional reception, hosted by the
ALA Washington Office and the District of Columbia Library
Association, began at 5:00 in the Rayburn Building.
North Carolina congressmen seen during the day were Ike
Andrews, Stephen Neal, Tim Valentine, Robin Britt, and Jim
Martin.
NCLA delegates and members who went to Washington
were William Bridgman, Dr. Judie Davie, Beverley Gass, Henry
Hall, Artemis Kares, J. A. Killian, David McKay, Nancy Massey,
Pauline Myrick, Dr. Leland Park, Dr. Benjamin Speller, Arial Ste-
phens, Judith Sutton, Jerry Thrasher, Jane Williams, Dr. Kieth
Wright, and Louise Boone. Dr, Ben Speller had the customary
group of library school students from North Carolina Central
University present.
The North Carolina delegation seemed to reflect an even
more positive outlook than last year. This upbeat attitude was
felt all through the wrap-up session and the reception. However,
when we approach matters of appropriations, much real work
remains to be done.
Louise V. Boone, Chair
Membership Committee
The major accomplishment this quarter was the revision
and reprinting of the NCLA brochure to include the Round
Table for Ethnic Minority concerns and to change the list of
committees, the treasurerTs name and address, and the dues for
the various categories of membership. Costs to the association
were $36.40 for typesetting and $177.06 for printing 2,000 copies
of the brochure; total costs were $213.46. Several hundred bro-
chures have already been given to the Membership Committee
and the NCLA treasurer for distribution.
The committee did not meet this quarter. Members did
receive copies of the new brochure and the printout of NCLATs
institutional members.
Jane Williams, Chair
SELA Report
The conference on oAccess to Information: A YouthTs Right"
A Community's Responsibility� will be held at the Florida State
University Conference Center, July 29-August 1. The conference
is aimed at those who are responsible for providing information
for children and young adults in school and public libraries.
Registration may be made by telephone no later than Monday,
July 23. The Conference Center registrarTs number is 904/644-
3801 or 6281. Gerald Hodges of UNC-G will be one of the library
experts who will speak at the conference. A CEU certificate for
1.6 units will be awarded to those who attend.
The SELA Biennial Conference, sponsored with the Missis-
sippi Library Association, will take place at the Mississippi Coast
Convention Center at Biloxi, October 17-19. Preconference pro-
grams include a PR institute, oGetting on the Air,� for October
15-16; a program on productive management of time on October
16, sponsored by the SELA Special Library Section; and a pro-
gram on oSelection of Microcomputer Software for the Work-
place� on October 16. MLA and the Mississippi Archivists
Conservation Committee will present a program on oDisaster
Planning� on October 16.
Studs Terkel will be speaker at the First General Session.
Other speakers will be Donald H. Peterson, NASA astronaut; Jim
Trelease, author of the Read Aloud Handbook, who will address
the problem of declining literacy; and John Maxwell, who will
present a one-man show in two acts, oOh, Mr. Faulkner, Do You
Write?�
Program highlights will include a program on oThe Library
Consultant Relationship: How to Select, Employ, and Use a Con-
sultant.� Bill Corbin of Peabody College will discuss oThe Compu-
ter in User Instruction.� Dr. David Mathews, president of
Kettering Foundation, will speak on oProgramming for the
Changing Role of Public Libraries.� There will be a program on
oSelection and Evaluation of Instructional Microcomputer Soft-
ware.�
If you are not a member of SELA but would like to receive a
conference registration packet, write to Kay Miller, Chair, Con-
ference Committee, University of Southern Mississippi, Southern
Station, Box 5053, Hattiesburg, Miss. 39406-5053. Packets will be
mailed to the membership next week. Republic Airlines (1-800-
328-1111) is giving a conference travel discount. If you plan to
drive to the conference, write to Mississippi Travel Ticket (ar),
Box 22825, SL 484, Jackson, Miss 39205) for discounts on food,
accommodations, shopping, and entertainment. The Mississippi
travel ticket is available to all Mississippi welcome centers and
at the Mississippi Pavilion at the 1984 Worlds Fair at New
Orleans.
The Executive Committee met earlier this week and will
propose at the Biennial Conference the name of a candidate for
the position of SELA executive secretary.
Rebecca Ballentine
NCLA Minutes and Reports
Preservation Conference
The LibrariansT Association of the University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill will sponsor its
ninth annual spring conference on March 4 and 5,
1985.
The topic of this yearTs conference will be
oPreservation in the 80s.� The conference will
cover many aspects of library preservation,
including causes of deterioration, collection man-
agement, administration of preservation pro-
grams, and cooperative solutions.
This yearTs speakers will include the follow-
ing: Carolyn Morrow, Library of Congress; Carolyn
Harris, Columbia University (CRL Intern at the
University of Georgia); Paul Koda, School of
Library and Information Science, Catholic Uni-
versity; John Finzi, Library of Congress; Margaret
Child, Smithsonian Libraries; and representatives
from SOLINET and the Preservation Office of the
Library of Congress.
Registration is $20.00 (members), $25.00
(nonmembers), and $10.00 (retired librarians and
students). For further information, write or call
Carson Holloway, BA/SS, Davis Library 080A,
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
27514; telephone (919) 962-1151.
REGIONAL
LOCAL HISTORY
GENEALOGY
PUBLISHERS and BOOKSELLERS of
reprints and originals ... Regional and
County History, Genealogical source
material, Colonial Americana, Revolu-
tionary and Civil War material
Primary emphasis on Southeastern states
. Publications of the South Carolina
Historical Society and North Carolina
Genealogical Society. Write for complete
catalogue.
Thomas E. Smith
Publisher
THE REPRINT COMPANY, PUBLISHERS
Post Office Box 5401
Spartanburg, S.C. 29304
1984 Winter"211
President
LELAND M. PARK
Davidson College Library
Davidson, NC 28036
(704) 892-2000 Ext. 331
First Vice-President/
President-Elect
PAULINE F. MYRICK
Moore County Schools
Box 307
Carthage, NC 28327
(919) 947-2976
Second Vice-President
M. JANE WILLIAMS
Division of State Library
109 East Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27611
(919) 733-2570
Secretary
ROBERTA S. WILLIAMS
Transylvania County Library
105 South Broad Street
Brevard, NC 28712
(704) 884-3151
Treasurer
EUNICE P. DRUM
Box 40034
Raleigh, NC 27604
(919) 733-4488
Director
SHIRLEY B. MCLAUGHLIN
Asheville-Buncombe Technical
College
340 Victoria Road
Asheville, NC 28801
(704) 254-1921 Ext. 300
Director
JERRY A. THRASHER
Cumberland County Public
Library
Box 1720
Fayetteville, NC 28302
(919) 483-1580
Past President
MERTYS W. BELL
5608 Scotland Road
Greensboro, NC 27407
ALA Representative
EMILY BOYCE
Department of Library Science
East Carolina University
Greenville, NC 27834
(919) 757-6621
212"North Carolina Libraries
NCLA EXECUTIVE BOARD
1983-85
SELA Representative
REBECCA S. BALLENTINE
Institute of Government
UNC-Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
(919) 966-4130
Editor, North Carolina
Libraries
ROBERT BURGIN
School of Library Science
North Carolina Central
University
Durham, NC 27707
(919) 683-6485
SECTION/ROUND TABLE CHAIRS
ChildrenTs Services
KAREN M. PERRY
Archdale-Trinity Middle School
Box 232
Trinity, NC 27370
(919) 431-6714
College and University
ROBERT N. BLAND
Ramsey Library
UNC-Asheville, NC 28814
(704) 258-6543
Community and Junior
College Libraries
MARY AVERY
Learning Resources Center
Rowan Technical College
Box 1595
Salisbury, NC 28144
(704) 637-0760
Documents
STUART BASEFSKY
Duke University Library
Durham, NC 27606
(919) 684-2373
Junior Members Round table
VIVIAN W. BEECH
New Hanover County Public
Library
201 Chestnut Street
Wilmington, NC 28403
(919) 763-3303
N.C. Association of School
Librarians
JUDIE DAVIE
Department of Library Science/
Educational Technology
UNC-Greensboro
Greensboro, NC 27412
(919) 379-5100 Ext. 63
Public Library
JUDITH K. SUTTON
Public Library of Charlotte
and Mecklenburg County
310 North Tryon Street
Charlotte, NC 28202
(704) 336-2660
Reference and Adult Services
LARRY BARR
Department of Library and
Media Studies
Appalachian State University
Boone, NC 28608
(704) 262-2243
Resources and Technical Services
BENJAMIN F. SPELLER, JR.
School of Library Science
North Carolina Central University
Durham, NC 27707
(919) 683-6485
Round Table for Ethnic Minority
Concerns
MARY P. WILLIAMS
J. Y. Joyner Library
East Carolina University
Greenville, NC 27834
(919) 757-6691
Round Table on the Status of
Women in Librarianship
PATSY J. HANSEL
Cumberland County Public
Library
Box 1720
Fayetteville, NC 28302
(919) 483-8600
Trustees
DOROTHY R. BURNLEY
508 Ashe Street
High Point, NC 27260
(919) 733-4838
Akers, Susan Grey. obit. pic. 37
Alford, Larry. The Walter R. Davis.
Library. 78-84
American Library Association.
Conference report. 156-157
Legislative Day. pic. 77
Midwinter Conference report. 96-97
Angley, Wilson. See Book Reviews
(Wilkinson).
Anthony, Jr., Robert G. See Book Reviews
(Johnson).
Ashcroft, Allen. pic. 79
Asheim, Lester. pic. 174
Ballinger, Susan. See Book Reviews
(Brady) (Miller).
Barclay, Morgan J. See Book Reviews
(Simpson).
Barry, Coyla. See Book Reviews
(Portfolio 1983 ...) (Portfolio 1984 ...)
Beagle, Donald. I & R and public library
management. 181-184
Berkley, Anne Bond. See Book Reviews
(Koepke)
Beta Phi Mu. Spring meeting. 39
Bibliographies.
The black experience... twenty-six
adventures in reading, by Sylvia
Sprinkle-Hamlin and Satia Marshall
Orange. 123-126
Book Reviews.
Adcock, Betty. Nettles. Reviewed by
Nancy Shires. 200-201
Applewhite, James. Foreseeing the
journey: poems by James
Applewhite. Reviewed by Emily S.
Walker. 32
Barrier, Smith. On Tobacco Road:
basketball in North Carolina.
Reviewed by Stephen E. Massengill.
147
Berger, Brian F. Thomas Wolfe: the final
journey. Reviewed by Jerry W.
Cotten. 147-148
Bledsoe, Jerry. Carolina curiosities: Jerry
BledsoeTs outlandish guide to the
dadblamedest things to see and do
in North Carolina. Reviewed by
Becky Kornegay. 149
Brady, Maureen. Folly. Reviewed by
Susan Ballinger. 148-149
Censer, Jane Turner. North Carolina
planters and their children, 1800-
1860. Reviewed by William S. Powell.
202-203
Chavis, Benjamin F. Psalms from prison.
Reviewed by Jon Michael Spencer.
149-150
Come when the timber turns. 33
Index to
North Carolina Libraries
Volume XLI, 1984
Corey, Jane. Exploring the seacoast of
North Carolina. 204
Crow, Mr. and Mrs. Judson O. McDowell
County, North Carolina, land entry
abstracts. 34
Crow, Vernon H. Storm in the
mountains: ThomasT Confederate
legion of Cherokee Indians and
mountaineers. Reviewed by John C.
Inscoe. 85-86
Dentler, Robert A., Catherine Baltzell,
and Daniel J. Sullivan. University on
trial: the case of the University of
North Carolina . Reviewed by
Edward Waller. 88-89
Evans, Elizabeth, Thomas Wolfe.
Reviewed by Frances A. Weaver. 201
Fouts, Raymond Parker. Marriages of
Bertie County ... 1762-1868. 34
Hancock, G. Nicholas. Guide to the
Uwharrie Trail in the Uwharrie
National Forest in Randolph and
Montgomery Counties. 33-34
Harrington, J.C. Archaeology and the
enigma of Fort Raleigh. Reviewed by
Julia S. Hesson. 150-151
Hatley, Joe M., and Linda B. Huffman,
eds. Letters of William F. Wagner,
Confederate soldier. Reviewed by
Everard H. Smith. 87-88
Heffernan, Thomas. City renewing itself.
Reviewed by Coyla McCullough. 151.
Holcomb, Brent H., comp. Marriages of
Bertie County ... 1762-1868. 34
Holcomb, Brent H., comp. Marriages of
Granville County ... 1753"1868. 34
Holcomb, Brent H., comp. Marriages of
Orange County ... 1779-1868. 34
Holcomb, Brent H., comp. Marriages of
Rowan County ... 1753-1868. 34
Holcomb, Brent H., comp. Marriages of
Wilkes County ... 1778-1868. 34
Hulton, Paul. America 1585: the
complete drawings of John White.
Reviewed by Alice R. Cotten. 203
Hurmence, Belinda. Tancy. Reviewed by
Yvonne Hardy. 201-202
Johnson, Gerald W. South-watching:
selected essays by Gerald W.
Johnson. Reviewed by Robert G.
Anthony, Jr. 31
Jones, H.G. North Carolina illustrated,
1524-1984. Reviewed by Robert L.
Byrd. 27-28
Jordan, Suzanne Britt. Show and tell. 34
Kerr, Mary Hinton (Duke). Warren
County N.C., records, volume I:
abstracted records of colonial Bute
County, N.C., 1764-1779, and Bute
County marriages. 34
King, Henry. The witch of Morganton
and other fascinating folks: a
selection of stories about memorable
Tar Heels. Reviewed by Elizabeth J.
+Laney. 33
Koepke, Paul. Two-moon pond. Reviewed
by Anne Bond Berkley. 32-33
Kupperman, Karen Ordahl. Roanoke: the
abandoned colony. Reviewed by
Julia S. Hesson. 198-199
McCall, Marguerite. And roofs need
patching. Reviewed by Julie White
Sanders. 88
McCorkle, Jill. The cheer leader: a novel.
Reviewed by Julie White Sanders.
198
Marsh, Carole. The mystery of the lost
colony. Reviewed by Jane Wade. 90-
91
Miller, Heather Ross. AdamTs first wife.
Reviewed by Susan Ballinger. 86
Miller, Helen Hill. Passage to America:
RaleighTs colonists take ship for
Roanoke. Reviewed by Michael G.
Martin, Jr. 151-152
Mitchell, Thornton, W. The State Library
and library development in North
Carolina. Reviewed by Betty I.
Young. 30-31
Montgomery, Lizzie Watson. Sketches of
old Warrenton, North Carolina. 204
Newlin, Algie I. Friends oat the spring�: a
history of spring monthly meeting.
204
Newton, Suzanne. | will call it GeorgieTs
blues. Reviewed by Diana Young. 28-
29
North Carolina taxpayers, 1701-1786.
204
Pearce, T.H., and Selby A. Daniels, eds.
Diary of Captain Henry A.
Chambers. Reviewed by Everard H.
Smith. 87-88
Perkinson, P.H., and L.C. Johnson, comp.
North Carolina post office catalog:
alphabetical. Reviewed by H.G.
Jones. 152
Perkinson, P.H., and L.C. Johnson, comp.
North Carolina post office catalog:
by counties. Reviewed by H.G. Jones.
152
Phillips, Robert B. One of GodTs children
in Toe River Valley. Reviewed by Eric
J. Olson. 33
Portfolio 1983: a collection of award
winning North Carolina poetry.
Reviewed by Coyla Barry. 203
Portfolio 1984: a collection of award
winning North Carolina poetry.
Reviewed by Coyla Barry. 203
1984 Winter"213
Prather, H. Leon, Sr. We have taken the
city: Wilmington racial massacre
and coup of 1898. Reviewed by
Michael Hill. 200
Simpson, Bob. When the water smokes: a
Peltier Creek chronicle. Reviewed by
Morgan J. Barclay. 32
Smith, Stephen E., comp. and ed. North
Carolina poetry: the eighties.
Reviewed by Tucker Respess. 28
Stick, David. Roanoke Island: the
beginnings of English America.
Reviewed by Donald R. Lennon. 89-
90
Surratt, Jerry L. Gottlieb Schober of
Salem: discipleship and ecumenical
vision in an early Moravian town.
Reviewed by Samon D. Hickey. 29
Thomas, Maud. Away down home: a
history of Robeson County, North
Carolina. Reviewed by Maurice C.
York. 86-87
Topkins, Robert M. Marriage and death
notices from extant Asheville, N.C.,
newspapers, 1840-1870: an index, 34
Topkins, Robert M. Marriage and death
notices from the Western Carolinian
(Salisbury, North Carolina), 1820-
1842: an indexed abstract. 34
Wilkinson, Sylvia. Dirt tracks to glory: the
early days of stock car racing as told
by the participants. Reviewed by
Wilson Angley. 199-200
Wilson, Emily Herrrick. Hope and dignity:
older black women of the south.
Reviewed by Joan M. Spencer. 29
Young, Claiborne S. Cruising guide to
coastal North Carolina. Reviewed by
Arlene Hanerfeld. 30
Boone, Louise. pic. 77
Boyce, Emily. Appointed to State
Elementary Committee of the South-
ern Association of Colleges and
Schools. 37
Bridgman, William. pic. 77
Burgman, Carolyne C. Humble
beginnings; lessons in computer
utilization. 118-120
Byrd, Robert L. See Book Reviews
(Jones).
Calio, Teresa. See Scism, Nancy.
Carpenter, Jennifer. Microcomputers in
public libraries for public access: a
survey. 185-190
Charles H. Stone Memorial Library, Pilot
Mountain. Dedicated. 38
Cotten Alice R. See Book Reviews
(Hulton).
Cotten, Alice R., comp. New North
Carolina books. 27-34, 85-91, 147-152,
198-204
Cotten, Jerry W. See Book Reviews
(Berger).
Cutler, Lucy. Authors in schools, 121-122
Day, Roy E. C. Appointed director of
Roanoke Rapids Public Library. 36
214"North Carolina Libraries
Deaths
Akers, Susan Grey. d. 1/30/84, 37
Disaster Preparedness guide. 40
Documents
Less access to less information by
and about the U.S. government. 143-
146
Drum, Eunice P., Joel Sigmon, and
Denise Sigmon. The State Library and
LAMBDA. 61-65
East Carolina University, Greenville.
Department of Library Science. Holds
winter workshops. 37-38
Eisenbeis, Kathleen. Visits Luxembourg
library. 39
Forsyth County Public Library, Winston-
Salem.
Clemmons Branch Library. pics. 195-
197
Holds problem patron workshop. 38
Fowler, Bonnie, and Sue Williams.
Introduction. 105
Frankle, Raymond A., K. Randall May,
Wilson M. Stahl, and David J.
Zaehringer. Acquiring an on-line
system for an academic library. 170-
180.
Franklin County Library. Bunn Branch.
Dedicated. 38
Gerhardt, Lillian. pic. 14
Govern, Jim. The Clemmons Branch
Library. 195-197
Graham, Deneen. pics. 91, 133
Grove, Marcia. Receives Cumberland
County Public Library Employee
Extraordinaire Award. 36-37
Guilford Reference Librarians Round
Table. Initial meeting. 39-40
Hall, Henry. pic. 77
Hanerfeld, Arlene. See Book Reviews
(Young).
Hansel, Patsy, comp. Keeping up. 35-40
Hansel, Patsy J. The administrative
perspective in the evaluation process.
8-11
Hardy, Yvonne. See Book Reviews
(Hurmence).
Hesson, Julia S. See Book Reviews
(Harrington) (Kupperman).
Hewitt, Joe A. The Triangle Research
Libraries Network. 68-72
Hickey, Damon D. See Book Reviews
(Surratt).
Hill, Michael. See Book Reviews
(Prather).
Holley, Edward.
Pic. 175
To address Trustee Conference. 39
Holloway, Mary P. Library networking: a
school library perspective. 66-67
Howard, Cate. Exceptional children: how
do we serve them? 127-128
Inscoe, John C. See Book Reviews
(Crow).
Intner, Sheila S. Ten observations on
change in technical services. 191-194
Jones, Clifton. pic. 79
Jones, H.G. See Book Reviews
(Perkinson).
Kares, Artemis. pic. 77
Katz, Ruth M. Zones of cooperation:
aspects of network development. 58-
60
Killian, J. A. pic. 77
Kornegay, Becky. See Book Reviews
(Bledsoe).
Lanier, Gene. Wins Immroth Award. pic.
35
Lennon, Donald R. See Book Reviews
(Stick).
Library Trustee-Librarian Conference. 39
Lindsey, Jonathan A. The human
dimension in performance appraisal.
5-7
Lindsey, Marjorie W. Library networking
in North Carolina: the sharing mission.
55-57
Lubans, John. Performance evaluation:
worth the cost? 15-17
McCullough, Coyla. See Book Reviews
(Heffernan).
Martin, Michael G., Jr. See Book Reviews
(Miller).
Massengill, Stephen E. See Book Reviews
(Barrier).
May, K. Randall See Frankle, Raymond A.
Nelms, Willie. One library's response to
disaster. 140-142
Nelson, Ilene.
Business perspectives on performance
appraisal. 18-22
Introduction. 4
North Carolina Agricultural and
Technical State University,
Greensboro. New library planned. 38
North Carolina Central University,
Durham. School of Library Science.
Receives gifts. 38-39
North Carolina Community College
Learning Resources Association.
Meets. 37
North Carolina. Division of State Library.
Interlibrary Services manual
announced. 39
North Carolina Library Association.
ChildrenTs Services Section.
Biennial report. 41
Reports. 94, 155, 209
College and University Section,
Reports. 94, 155
Constitution, Codes, and Handbook
Revision Comittee.
Report. 157
Documents Section.
Establishes Ad Hoc Committee on
the State Documents Depository
System. 40
Reports. 94, 155, 209
Education for Librarianship
Committee.
Report. 157-158
Executive Board. Minutes
10/25/83. 46
10/28/83. 47
1/20/84. 92-94
4/6/84. 153-154
7/20/84. 207-208
Finance Committee.
Report. 158
Goals and Objectives Committee.
Biennial report. 41-42
Governmental Relations Committee.
Reports. 158,210
Honorary and Life Membership
Committee. 98
Report. 158
Intellectual Freedom Committee.
Report. 158-159
Junior College Section.
Reports. 94, 155, 209
Junior Members Round Table.
Report. 159
Library Resources Committee.
Disaster Preparedness guide. 40
Media Committee.
Report. 159-160
Membership Committee.
Reports. 160, 210-211
North Carolina Association of School
Librarians.
Biennial report. 43-45
Reports. 94-95, 155-156, 209-210
Statement to North Carolina
Commission on Education for
Economic Growth. 97-98
Wins Grolier Award. 35
Public Library Section.
Report. 95
Resources and Technical Services
Section.
Reports. 95,156,210
Round Table for Ethnic Minority
Concerns.
Reports. 95, 156,210
Round Table on the Status of Women
in Librarianship.
Documentation workshop. pic. 57
Reports. 95, 156, 2 10
Treasurer's report.
(1/1/83-12/31/83). 99
(4/1/84-6/30/84). 160
_
when they have no author.
3. Book reviews are listed alphabetically und
follow each book title, preceded by the phrase oRev. by.
Reviews, followed by the name of t!
4, Bibliographies are arranged alphabetically
The index is alphabetized letter by letter. Names beginning with
2. Articles are indexed by the first-named author, with cross references
Olson, Eric J. See Book Reviews
(Phillips).
Orange, Satia Marshall. See Sprinkle-
Hamlin, Sylvia
Park, Leland. From the President. 2, 52,
102, 162
Paynter, David M. Branch library use in
North Carolina metropolitan areas.
136-139
Powell, William S. See Book Reviews
(Censer).
Public Library of Charlotte and
Mecklenburg County. Bond passes. 36
Pulley, Louise. pic. 111
Respess, Tucker. See Book Reviews
(Smith).
Robbins, Laura. ChildrenTs programming
in asmall branch library. 110-113
Rosenblum, Joseph. See Scism, Nancy.
Sanders, Julie White. See Book Reviews
(McCall) (McCorkle).
Schatz, Martha. Appointed director of
Rutherford County Public Library. 36
Scism, Nancy, Joseph Rosenblum, and
Teresa Calio. AACR2 and the card
catalog: two models for measuring. 23-
26
Shaw, William M., Jr. Appointed
associate professor at UNC-CH. 36
Shires, Nancy. See Book Reviews
(Adcock).
Siemers, Lynne. The North Carolina
AHEC network. 73-77
Sigmon, Denise. See Drum, Eunice P.
Sigmon, Joel. See Drum, Eunice P.
Smith, Everard H. See Book Reviews
(Hatley) (Pearce).
Smith, Victoria. Receives Cumberland
County Public Library Employee
Extraordinaire Award. 36-7
Southeastern Library Association
Reports. 95-96, 156, 211
Special Libraries Association (North
Carolina Chapter).
Winter conference. 38
Speller, Dr. Benjamin. pic. ia
Spencer, Joan M. See Book Reviews
(Wilson).
Spencer, Jon Michael. See Book Reviews
(Chavis).
Guidelines for Using the Index
To
North Carolina Libraries
Sprinkle-Hamlin, Sylvia, and Satia
Marshall Orange. The black experience
... twenty-six adventures in reading.
123-126
Stahl, Wilson M. See Frankle, Raymond
A.
Stanly County Public Library. Badin
Branch. Dedicated. 38
State Library. See North Carolina.
Division of State Library.
Stephens, Arial. pic. 77
Taylor, Renee. The employee perspective
in the evaluative process. 12-14
Thrasher, Jerry. pic. 77
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
School of Library Science. Shaw, Wood
join faculty. 36
Walter R. Davis Library. pics. 81-84
Veitch, Carol J. Junior Great Books
Program in North Carolina. 114-117
Wade, Jane. See Book Reviews (Marsh).
Walker, Emily S. See Book Reviews
(Applewhite).
Waller, Edward. See Book Reviews
(Dentler).
Weaver, Frances A. See Book Reviews
(Evans).
Welch, John. Introduction. 54
White, Robert N. To speak at WomenTs
Round Table workshop. pic. 57
Williams, Sue. See Fowler, Bonnie.
Winkel, Lois. Horace"misinterpreted.
106-109
Wood, Judith B. Appointed assistant
professor at UNC-CH. 36
York, Maurice C. See Book Reviews
(Thomas).
Yound, Betty I. See Book Reviews
(Mitchell).
Young, Diana.
Programming for children and young
adults: the State LibraryTs role.
132-135
See Book Reviews (Newton).
Zaehringer, David J. See Frankle,
Raymond A.
oMc� and oMac� precede all other entries under the letter oM.�
from co-authors up to the number of two. Titles are indexed only
er the heading Book Reviews by the author of the book being reviewed. ReviewersT names
� Bach reviewer's name is also listed separately, with a cross reference to Book
he author of the book in parentheses.
by title under the heading Bibliographies, with separate author entries.
1984 Winter"215
a
Editorials are arranged alphabetically by title under the heading Editorials, with a cross reference from the name of the editor.
Death and memorial notices are listed alphabetically under the heading Deaths, with aseparate entry under the name of the deceased.
. Alllibrary organizations are entered under the full names. Material on the substructures of these organizations, such as committees,
roundtables, etc., is listed alphabetically under the organization name. (For example, for material on the activities, officers, reports,
committees, and roundtables of NCLA, see North Carolina Library Association.)
All acronyms are filed in alphabetical order, not at the beginning of each letter.
9. Public libraries are entered under the name of the parent institution (e.g. North Carolina State University. D. H. Hill Library).
10. Reprints of speeches are entered with no designation that they have previously been presented to the public. However, abbreviated
summaries of speeches have the designation (Report of speech).
11. Reports of papers not printed in full are designated (Paper).
12. The abbreviations opic.,� oobit.,� and ocomp.� are used to identify pictures, obituaries, bibliographies, and compilers.
No
Hy
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216"North Carolina Libraries
Editor
ROBERT BURGIN
School of Library Science
North Carolina Central
University
Durham, NC 27707
(919) 683-6485
Associate Editor
PATSY J, HANSEL
Cumberland County Public
Library
Box 1720
Fayetteville, NC 28302
(919) 483-8600
Associate Editor
ROSE SIMON
Dale H. Gramley in sak
Salem College
Winston-Salem, NC 27108
(919) 721-2649
Book Review Editor
ALICE COTTEN
Wilson Library
UNC-Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
(919) 962-1172
aD,
Address all correspon
School of Library Science, N Cc. sate Durham
North Carolina behvaiies published four tit
(919) 288-8590 _
poate to: Robert Burgin, itor
EDITORIAL STAFF
ChildrenTs Services
BONNIE FOWLER
237 Arrowleaf Drive
Lewisville, NC 27023
(919) 945-5236
College and University
MARIE DEVINE
Ramsey Library "
UNC-Asheville
Asheville, NC 28814
(704) 258-6625
? ~Community and Sea
College Libraries "
sats BEVERLEY GASS "
Guilford Technical Community
College
" Box 309
- Jamestown, NC 27282
(919) 292-1101 |
i: Documents
MICHAEL COTTER
_ J.Y. Joyner Library ;
East Carolina University _
Greenville, NC 27834
(919) 757-6533
Junior Members Roundtable
JOHN BURNS |
Elbert Ivey Memorial Library
420 Third Avenue NW
Hickory, NC 28601
(704) 322-2905
N.C. Association of School
Librarians |
3 FRANCES BRADBURN
Greensboro Day School
Box 9361
- Greensboro, NC 274200961
A
, NC 277070.
Public Library
_ BOB RUSSELL
Elbert Ivey Memorial Library
420 Third Avenue NW
- Hickory, NC 28601
(704) 322-2905
Reference and Adult Services
ILENE NELSON
Duke University Library
Durham, NC 27606
(919) 684-2373
Resources and Technical Services
_ GENE LEONARDI "
Shepard Library
North Carolina Central University
Durham, NC 27707) ~
(919) 683-6220
Round Table for Ethnic Minorty
Concerns
kee SPRINKLE-HAMLIN
_ Forsyth County Public stand
660 West 5th Street
Winston-Salem, NC 27701
(919) 727-2176 ;
- Round Table on the Status of
Women in Librarianship
MARY McAFEE
_ Forsyth County Public Library
660 West 5th Street
Winston-Salem, NC 27 AGE,
(919) 21-2264. ae
_ ~Trustees
sa year, is s the official a henuis of Ne North: Caro-
lina Library Association. Membership dues | include subscription to North Cee Libraries. Member-
ship information may be ob
Subscription rates for 1
per year, or $7.00 per issue,
copies are available through University Microfilms Internati
tained from the treasurer of NCLA. |
984 are $20. 00 per year, or $5.00 per issue, for domestic sakacsnans $25.00
for foreign subscriptions. Backfiles : are maintained by the editor. Microfilm _
onal. North Carolina Libraries | is indeed by is
Library Literature and publishes its own annual index.
Editorial correspondence
be addressed to the advertising manager. Articles are juried,
North ~Carolina, TROT OSS is printed by Meridional Publications, Wake Forest, NC.
it va
should be addressed to the editor; advertisement correspondence should
Issue e deadlines are February 16, May 10, August 10, Per November 10.
er
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