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wt Pye
UP AGAINST THE
BULKHEAD
Number 16 / August-Sept 1973
98 Chenery Street, San Francisco, CA 94131
This paper cannot legally be taken from you. According to DoD Directive 1325.6
Daniel Planty,
INSIDE: Self-Retired Army
Medic Speaks For Amnesty,
What To Do When The Brass
Comes KnockinT On Your
Locker Door, Chile: It Could
Be Your Next Duty Station,
Could Your Kid Brother Be
Drafted In 1974?
Free to Gls
, ~Possession of unauthorized material may not be prohibited.?
one of six Marines arrested for passing out the Declaration of Independence
Marine Corps Outlaws
Declaration o:
IWAKUNI, JAPAN (July 4) " Six Marines stationed at lwakuni
Marine Corps Air Sold were busted for distribution of the
Declaration of Independence July 4th. They tried unsuccessfully
for 15 days to get the base CO to approve the oDistribution of
the Declaration of Independence to any freedom-loving Ameri-
cans interested enough to want to know what the 4th of July was
all about.� The six decided to pass it out without OK.
Three of the men were arrested by MPTs while passing the
Declaration out to families leaving base for the holiday. The other
three were arrested while distributing the leaflet at a track meet
on base. The Lt. Coi. who arrested the second three men was
uptight enough to call the document drawn up by Thomas
Jefferson, ~a Communist Declaration of Independence.� The
short mention of the incident in Stars and Stripes quoted a
Marine spokesman as saying the leaflet ~~advocated the overthrow
of the government.� It was not reported exactly which govern-
ment he thought it advocated overthrowing.
Independence
Rear Admiral W. Haley Rogers, Commander of US Naval
Forces Japan, must not have known that the Declaration of
Independence is a communist document. In his 1973 Indepen-
dence day message to Navy and Marine troops in Japan, he said,
oThe Declaration holds as true today as it did the day it was
written...(It) is a cherished document through which all Ameri-
cans are obligated to preserve our heritage of freedom.� Mean-
while, back at the brig...
The Corps said it was going to charge the six men with Article
134, UCM}, the Catch-22 general article, for conduct unbecoming
Marines. It never actually filed those charges. Instead, the six men
were offered discharges. Four have been given honorable dis-
charges, or general discharges under honorable conditions. One is
still waiting for his discharge (seems his record is too good), and
one man refused his discharge, promising to ofly rightTT. (Source:
SEMPER FI)
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Uprising at /
v Fort Bragg
/ NORTH CAROLINA (July) " On Sunday, July 22,
at about 6:30 pm, an uprising by about 2,000 active
duty enlisted men took place that carried on well into the
night.
Fort Bragg is the home of the 82d Airborne Divison,
an elite division whose dual purpose is intervention in
foreign wars and riot control at home. The 82d saw early
service in Vietnam, had the highest per capita rate of
heroin addiction of any in the Army, and did riot duty
in Washington, D.C. in May 1972, and at the Republican
Convention in August 1972. But there has been morale
problems for years, and on July 22, the EMs showed
how they felt.
The lights and all electricity went out around 6:30 in
the evening. Almost immediately, Gls started pouring
out of barracks and other buildings yelling, singing and
shouting. In preparation for such an opportunity, Gls
had stashes of flares, firecrackers, and artillery simula-
tors which they brought out and put to good use to
provide sound effects.
The EMs were able to keep the MPs at bay with a
barrage of bottles and bricks, and by rigging barricades
with wire. Trash fires were lit, but no buildings were
burned. Black, white and brown Gls were involved in the
uprising, and no one saw them fighting each other. They
were protesting the brass and the Army!
The rebellion seemed to have been a spontaneous
reaction to the general oppression at Bragg. One of the
main factors was BraggTs concept of ~o~Division Ready
Forces.TTTSome units for two months at a time are
required to be ready to leave base at any time. They
must keep their gear packed at all times, often have
leaves restricted or cancelled, and are often dragged out
of bed for surprise musters at odd hours of the night or
morning. Many of the participants of the riot were on
DRF status.
Self-Retired
oLike many Gls, | at one time supported the war in
Vietnam. | believed the President and military leaders
when they said our mission in S.E. Asia was to protect
the Vietnamese from aggression. So in 1966, | volun-
teered for Vietnam duty.� So spoke Army Medic Eddie
Sowders when he returned publicly to military control
afterhaving been absent without leave for three years.
Eddie Sowders has spent his entire adult life under
the shadow of the military. In 1965, at age 18, he
enlisted in the Army to escape the frustration and
poverty of home. He was trained as a medic and sent to
Germany. He volunteered for Vietnam, and arrived there
in July 1967. During his year in Vietnam, where he was
stationed in an evacuation hospital which treated
ofresh� casualties from the field, he treated thousands of
wounded Americans and Vietnamese. He left there
opposed to the war and determined to help bring it to an
end. He started to do this within the military, even
re-enlisted and requested a second tour in Vietnam, to
go there and work visibly against the war. But Eddie was
soon forced to face the decision of remaining in uniform
or odeserting.�
oLike thousands of other vets, | learned the truth
about Vietnam first-hand. In April 1970, | made my
decision to refuse further participation in a military
system which had forced me to help carry out its poli-
cies in Vietnam. For the past three years, except for a
period in Canada, ITve lived underground in America, cut
off from my family and friends. It has meant drifting
from one low-paying job to another, often going without
food or shelter.� ,
Make Your Own
or They'll Make
It For You
When it was clear the EMs were in control, General
Kroesen, commander of the 82d, figured it was time to
talk. When he got to the scene, EMs sat him down,
though, and made him listen to their demands: bad
food, inhuman working conditions (DRF status), and
base conditions. They complained about the number of
jumps (the 82d requires jump training), and the constant
saluting of the brass (the base is top heavy with officers).
Kroesen, of course, denied everything, and said their
complaints were unjustified. Meanwhile, several colonels
had sought out the more militant Gls and pulled them
aside to talk, taking some spark out of the uprising. At
11:30 a heavy thunderstorn broke, driving everyone to
seek cover.
The total damage has been estimated at $2,000.
There were no arrests and no injuries, thanks largely to
the ingenuity of the Gls in keeping the MPs away. The
GI underground paper at the base, BRAGG BRIEFS, is
following up on the rebellion by. discussing the issues
that led to the uprising and distributing leaflets about it.
They can be reached at: PO Box 437, Spring Lake, NC
28390 or (919) 497-8062.
oWhen you cut the power,
You've got the power!�T
DETROIT (july 24) " Two young black workers
o~hijacked�T control of an entire auto plant, closing down
the assembly line for 13 hours. The action was in re-
sponse to a long string of outrageous firings and threats
by a gung-ho supervisor. The wildcat was also in defiance
of the normal grievance procedures of Chrysler Corpora-
tion and the United Auto Workers.
Isaac Shorter, 25, and Larry Carter, 24, scaled a ten
foot fence and climbed into the power control area of
the plant. They cut off power to the assembly line and
the rebellion began. The company was powerless to
remove the men from the power cage because a hundred
other workers had gathered around it in a protective
barrier.
a ~ee
és vit
Carter and Shorter being carried out of the East Jefferson
Chrysler plant by jubilant fellow workers.
After 13 hours, which cost the company $5 million
dollarsT worth of non-produced Imperials, the strikersT
demands were met. They focused on speed-ups of the
line, and the heavy handed tactics of a racist white
supervisor, Thomas Woolsey. His prejudice against the
black workers in the plant, and his conern only for
okeeping the line going,TT led Woolsey to fire people who
complained, to threaten workers with lead pipes, to fire
workers for being two minutes late after a break, and to
remove, benches from the plant so that workers couldnTt
sit down on break.
Chrysler officials brought the strikers a signed state-
ment saying that Woolsey had been fired, and that no
reprisals would be taken. The sweet victory found the
two men being carried out of ChryslerTs East Jefferson
plant on the shoulders of their fellow workers. Shorter
commented: oEvery minute we were in there was cost-
ing the company money and we weren't going to
leave. When you cut the power, you've got the power.�
Both men were back on their jobs the next day. Buta
week later, Isaac Shorter was fired because he continued
to organize within the plant. He is presently taking legal
action against Chrysler to get his job back, saying, oThey
haven't heard the last of this.T (Source: Yoba News
Service)
Army Medic Speaks Out On Amnesty
Eddie continued with his statement: oI make no
apology for my act of resistance. | could do nothing else
at the time. But underground life has become intolerable
to me. So ITm here today to draw attention to the true
facts concerning my case and the cases of tens of thou-
sands just like me. We are not criminals to be hunted and
imprisoned. Over half a million of us have ~odesertedTT
from the military since 1965. Most have already re-
turned to military control, to be punished with jail and
bad discharges.�
Because Eddie had the support of his family, friends,
and an organization called SAFE RETURN, he won an
undesirable discharge on June 12. Although he was never
court martialed, Eddie spent some time in the Fort
Meade stockade. There he met other Vietnam vets await-
ing trial for AWOL or desertion. There have been over
450,000 o~desertions�T like EddieTs since the beginning of
the war. Over 560,000 men have been given less than
honorable discharges as a direct result of their opposi-
tion to the war, racism, and the dehumanization which is
part and parcel of the American military system. When
you add to that figure those draft resisters and civilians
who have been arrested and convicted for anti-war activi-
ties, it totals one million people whose lives have been
set back because of their opposition to the Indochina
war. These are the one million people who would benefit
from an unconditional amnesty.
When Eddie finally turned himself in after three years
on the run, he said, oOnly by winning a universal,
unconditional amnesty for all war resisters can we begin
the long process of changing our country and learning
from the decade of blood and bitterness in Indochina.�
For more information, contact: SAFE RETURN, 156
Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, or phone them at
(212) 242-7440.
Mrs. Lora Sowders, of Detroit, is EddieTs mother. This is
what she had to say about EddieTs actions: ~Il didnTt
raise sons to be fed into and pushed around by the
military simply because | havenTt the money needed to
keep them safe. My son Eddie, and the thousands of
men like him, need and deserve an amnesty without
conditions because they are not criminals. They have all
left the military or refused the draft in opposition to a
war that none of us stood anything to gain from, but
everything to lose.�T
CH & "
Or . What To Do When The Brass Comes Knock, Knock. KnockinT At Your Locker Door
{faken from oTurning the Regs Around�
A Manual On Your Legal Rights]
~the tight of the people to be secure in their person and
effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shalf
not be violated, and na warrants shail isstte, but upon
probalble cause,..and particularly describing the persons
of things to be seized.T
Fourth Amendment of the Constitution
GlTs have full rights under the Fourth Amendment,
rights pragscting them from illegal search and seizures,
But the military systematically misuses its own search
and seizure laws. People should learn their rights and
resist any limitation of them. For example, if someone is
searched out of the clear blue sky and with no reason
and no warrant, this would be an ILLEGAL SEARCH
and the evidence COULD NOT be used in a court
martial or Article 15 (Office Hours, CaptainTs Mast). Or
if your cube or wall locker is searched in the middie of
the night with no warrant, obviously not at the time of a
rautine inspection, and not in hot pursuit of a criminal,
THIS 1S AN ILLEGAL SEARCH,
WHAT TO DO WHEN SEARCHED
There are a fot of intracacies to the laws concerning
starches and attempts to outsmart the authorities can
easily backfire. These instructions have been drawn up
by lawyers to present the safest Ways for you to act
under the pressures of a search or seizure. tf you follow
this pattern , almost any foul-up by your first shirt, CO,
oF police agents can result in the search being inadmis-
sable in court. |
1. NEVER CONSENT to allow anyone to conduct a
search of your Car, your wall locker er your quarters.
This doesnTt mean that they won't search anyway, but
you have everything to lose and nothing to gain by
consenting to a search. A search might otherwise be
legal, but if you give somone permission to ransack
Your goods it might stick in court.
2. Hf a search is conducted without your permission,
PROTEST LOUDLY AND VIGOROUSLY. Make your
abjections knowns taterwou may need to call witnesses:
to testify that you did not consent to the search.
3. DEMAND TO KNOW THE AUTHORIZATION for /
the search, Find out who authorized it and for what
purpose. Ask to see the warrant. |
4. REMEMBER, or better yet, TAKE NOTES of all
that happens and everything that goes down. It may be
helpful in court later,
5, NEVER OFFER PHYSICAL RESISTANCE if an
MP, CID, or brass tries to search your belongings. ft will
only mean additional court martial charges.
6 if arrested, NEVER MAKE ANY STATEMENT
TO ANYONE without first talking to a lawyer. You may
very innocently screw yourself.
7. NEVER FALL FOR THE ~NICE GUYT GAMES
that CID agents often pull. These men are trying to
screw you, not help you.
Will Your
Kid Brother
Be Drafted?
ENLISTEES»
PERCENT
OF com es
WASHINGTON (june) " The volunteer army may be
on the way out. Enlistment bonuses of $2,500 (the first
since the Spanish-American War), pick of duty and duty
Station, and opromises� of schooling are not getting
enough young Americans in uniform fast enough accord-
ing to two separate studies by the government.
Between February and July of this year, the number
of enlistments fell an average of 30 percent below the
Pentagon's quota. They are so short of doctors that they
are thinking of offering them $17,000 to sign up. And
by the middle of 1974, the Reserves will be underman-
ned by 96,531 men, or almost 10%. you in front of
Some recruiters, under heavy pressure to meet their
quotas, have doctored recruitTs records, and forged high
school diplomas. Over a 100 of these Characters are
already under criminal investigation.
The Pentagon has already reduced the number of
ri Ty ~assist
4 Hi 4 ;
8. DEMAND TO SEE A LAWYER as soon as possible
if you are arrested or it looks like you might be. Defi-
nitely see one before you make any kind of statement,
either written or verbal. You only have to identify
youseif. Your hat size, where you live, and whe your
friends are"are none of their business.
9 Contact a SYMPATHETIC CIVILIAN LAWYER if
possible. Most GI Movement centers have access to good
lawyers and people weil versed in military law. Often the
military lawyer you may have been assigned is interested
in golf and promotions far more than he is interested in
your defense. That isnTt always true, but beware.
SEARCHING PROCEDURES
there are four types of legal search and seizure.
PAT-DOWN AUTHORIZED FRISKT A pat-down is
legal without arresting the person the authorities want to
~Search, but it is limited to making sure that you have no
concealed weapons, They may remove hard objects in
the belief that they are weapons. However, if they feel
something soft (like a baggie), they may not legally
remove it from your pocket. When you are being patted
down, never throw anything away and never remove
anything soft from your pockets.
ARREST SEARCH. {f they arrest you for a crime
{ike U_A,, burglary, etc.) they DO have a right to search
you, and if contraband is found, they can use it as
evidence (providing the arrest was legal).
SEARCH WARRANTS. {f the Ist shirt or someone
else has reason to believe that an offense has occurred
_the smelled something at the door, saw ~somethingT as
you closed your locker door, etc.}, he must go to your
CO and ask that a search warrant be granted. The person
with authority to order a search (usually your CO) can
oauthorize someone else to actually conduct it, Once
_ permission is granted they can search for the contraband
and Make and arrest if they find it, Ask to see the
_warrant-but be aware that written warrants are not
always required in the barracks. If the 1st shirt smeils
~ dope and busts into your cube or wall locker without a
SEARCH & SEIZURE OF
UNDERGROUND LITERATURE
There is no way that the military can
legally take a personal copy of a paper or
book away from a member of the military.
Even if the literature is not allowed to be
distributed on base, DoD Directive 1325.6,
para. Illa(2), states that ~mere possession of
unauthorized material may not be prohibi-
ted.� The only way they can legally take
papers away from you is if you have more
than one copy, and they can determine that
you are going to distribute them. You have a
right to have one copy of a paper or book in
your possession at any one time. DonTt let
some chief, officer, first shirt, or CID tell
you different.
people in uniform to the lowest number since the
Korean War. Yet even the carrot of a $2,500 combat
enlistment bonus isnTt brining them the recruits they
need. Those who do sign up seem to be driven by the
stick of low pay and no jobs. 80 percent of this yearTs
recruits reported that their civilian pay, if they had any,
was only equal to or less than their military pay. Half of
the recruits this year have come from the most econo-
mically depressed parts of the country: the South. And
25% of the ArmyTs recruits were those hardest hit by a
shortage of jobs: black people. This is more than twice
the percentage of black people in the population at
large.
This is hardly the professional military the Pentagon
has dreamed of. ItTs an army of the unemployed, and itTs
quickly getting smaller. (Source: Camp News, New York
Times 7/1/73)
_ warrant, and the military tries to court martial you, that
was an ~HMegal search. Get a lawyer and fight it. ff a
person is being investigated for a crime and the military
feels they have ee les: to pick them up for
arrest, or your gear only if they have 3 a warrant. ASK TO
SEE THE WARRANT!
INSPECTIONS. During any regular cube and/or wall
locker inspection, any contraband found can be used as
evidence for charges. However, the brass cannot legally
use a shakedown inspection as a Cover to get evidence of
a crime from certian peopie whom the already suspect.
ln other words, if in the course of a genuine and routine
Shakedown inspection-or scheduled inspection"
marijuana is found tn the locker of a particular person, it
May be used against him at a fater court-martial or
discharge hearing.
On the other hand, if your commanding officer has
reason MERELY 1O SUSPECT that you have pot in
your locker, but there is not enough information to
provide ~probable causeT, then an inspection used as a
cover to look in your focker is illegal. The evidence
obtained in that way couid not be used against you.
Subscribe!
rank and name military number
military address/unit
es
branch of service release date
Se
[ ] | will distribute Bulkheads on bese.
Send me (5) (10) (25) (50) (100)
| am a captive of the US Armed Forces
and want to get this free.
HereTs the name and address of a friend in the
service who ought io be getting this paper:
98 Chenery Street, San Francisco, California 94131
®
* PPR eS SIX °
Bienes ga Spe ot Rn i Siege Bits eS
[USS WESTCHESTER COUNTY]
Dear Bulkhead / Right now my ship is in Yokosuka,
Japan. | am working with the New PeopleTs Center here
in. Yoko. The Center is a chapter of the VVAW
[Vietnam Vets Against the War] and recently | have
joined the ranks of these freedom fighters. Though | am
basically against any organizations because they limit the
individualTs freedoms and can grow into a monster. Also
over here are two people from The Bulkhead. They are
great people willing to go out of their way to help
others.
/ received my first NJP [Article 15] recently and it
was a bummer. Two days before | went to N/P | went to
the hospital for withdrawals from smack. | voluntarily
turned myself in but refused Drug Exemption because |
thought that drug exemptions were for hard users or
junkies. You see, | was doing smack for about a week
and then got scared and didnTt want to become depen-
dent on it. So | went to the hospital and told them
exactly that. | went with nothing but good intentions
and honesty. But those two qualities donTt mean any-
thing to the Navy. | should have known better than to
incriminate myself. But | thought for some reason that
the Navy would understand and because | was honest
and truthful with them, let me ride with just a repri-
mand.
The Tirst- thing the doctor did at the hospital after /
had told him | had experimented was to run to the
phone and call my command. After | found out that my
command was going to give me N/P | applied for Drug
Exemption but | wasnTt eligible. It was after the 24 hour
deadline, though | was never told that | had only 24
hours to turn myself in. Though my punishment at mast
was small | am seeing a JAG /awyer for an appeal.
These pigs also wanted me to work with NIS (Naval
Investigative Service) and go on the beach and help bust
pushers. If | co-operated | would only have to do this for
four or five days and then | would be out of Yoko
within a week after working with them. | said no way.
The pushers that sold me dope trusted me and without
even knowing who | was, sold it to me. Though pushers
are an outgrowth of a sick society, indirectly, no one
forced me to buy any dope. It was my decision. Because
of my moral beliefs, that trust should not be betrayed. |
told my command to forget it and find themselves
another boy. | do hope to get some legal advice from
one of the movement lawyers. Though there are none in
Yoko right now, my companions at VVAW say there
will be two arriving soon to take over the maintenance
of this chapter.
By the way, the book oTurning the Regs Around�T
was used by me constantly. | found it to be very helpful
and concise. As a matter of fact the book is slowly being
passed around the ship.
The wrongfully oppressed of the world will someday
unite and attain freedom from the oppressor. Peace and
Solidarity ... J&W
[GUAM " HOME OF THE B52s/]
Dear Bulkhead / I'd like to subscribe to oUp Against the
Bulkhead.�T In fact, I'd like to distribute them among my
people on this God-forsaken rock, Guam!
| think your paper is really right on! But not enough
people have seen it. If more people in the Armed
Services thought like you and | do, we could get some
things changed that really need to be changed drastic-
ally. The only problem is the media. They only want to
tell one side of the story, THEIR side! | think you've got
the right idea and Id like to participate, so please send
me as many. copies of oUp Against the Bulkhead�T as
possible on a regular basis.
There are two Naval facilities and-one Air force base,
Anderson AFB, oHome of the Enchanted B-52s,�T plus
one Naval magazine, that need to hear our side of the
story. Power to the people... M.H
US NAVY STAY Hor
| WE SUPPORT GIS
| AGAINST US MI
| 18th World Conference A Against Ag Bombs
Japanese and American people dechonirating in Japan against the Shaanerattice of the
STRUGGLING
LITARYT?
oe Se
attack carrier Midway in Yokosuka
[THE WORD FROM YOKOSUKA]
Dear S | Things have gone to complete shit on Yokosuka
base. Every single petty grooming regulation is being
enforced right now. The Marine guards and shore patrol
have been instructed to write up every violater of any
grooming regulation. It is really ridiculois...thereTs a list a
mile long of what you can wear and not wear...if it keeps
up pretty soon everyone will look like everyone else and
apparently thatTs what those asshole lifers want. People
are being put on report at an astoinding level...1 didnTt
think that there were that many report chits available. It
is going to be very interesting to see what happens when
the Midway pulls in with 5,000 people aboard and this
command attempts to enforce itTs horseshit regulations.
The Japanese radical factions are starting to get some
very big demonstrations going against the Midway. There
is no stopping the Midway now...but it is good to see
that so many Japanese are against the stationing of the
Midway here. Next week there is supposed to be a
50,000-people demonstration against the Midway right
outside Yokosuka Naval base. | hope that it comes off.
The main trouble with the Japanese radical movements
is that ther is a lot of ideological fighting between the
different radical parties,
them. If the Japanese radicals could really get together, |
think that it would be an amazingly powerful movement }
in this country.
This will be my last letter to you. ITm getting out in
November. I'd like to thank you now for all the help and
encouragement that you've given me. So goodbye for
now...Pedce, C.G.
Chrise K
LETTERS
[USS PROTEUS]
Dear Brothers / I'm in need of a little help in a problem |
have. See every year on November 10th, the Marine
Corps has this celebration of its birthday. And all
Marines have to go. But | donTt want to go. ItTs not a
Marine Corps order. ItTs a custom | guess. Well, the other
day | asked my Ist Sgt why everyone had to go. He said,
oBecause | said so!�T | told him | didnTt want to go and
then he said, o~!Tm not going to make you go, but if you
don't, you'll wish you had.�T By this | found out later he
meant you'll have to stand duty while the rest of the
Brass kissers are kissing ass. You also have to pay about
ten bucks a piece to go. | donTt want to go through that
shit. And a few others feel the same as me. Write and /et
me Rnow if you can help me. Thanks... S.R.
[EditorTs Note to S.R.: Extra duty as punishment can
only be given by a court martial or office hours. Any
other way is illegal. Two things you can do: First, if
three, four, or twenty-four of the brothers in your unit
donTt want to go, there is no way your Ist shirt can put
all of you on the duty roster"and he probably wonTt
try. The second way is if you can get him to admit to
you in front of friendly witnesses that his putting you
on duty November 10th is punishment for your desire
not to attend the ~celebrationT you have grounds for
either refusing the order or requesting mast. If you get no
help from your CO, write him up on Article 138, UCM}.
Power to you... Bulkhead.
which really weakens all of}
[FT LEAVENWORTH PRISON]
Dear Bulkhead / Prisoners are threatened by officials
within the United States Disciplinary Barracks. Black
and white inmates are receiving more time for no known
legitimate reason. The prison population is 70 percent
black. The officials are 80-90 percent white. A black
inmate can come here with six months and end up with
enough time for the officials to give him an illegal
transfer to the Leavenworth Federal Prison. The officials
go into. inmateTs cells, jump on them for asking for
asprin, and if the inmate protects himself, he will end up
getting a Special Court Martial for assault. Five or six
cases have already taken place. 50 percent of the black
inmates have served in Vietnam.
We inmates are mobilizing prisoners into a strong
cohesive political force, and are seeking to eliminate the
methodical terroristic control prison officials wage on
prisoners. And we are demanding an end to forced slave
labor at slave wages, and that imprisoned people who
desire to further their education be given assistance and
every opportunity to do so. We are demanding that
prison officials stop experimenting on the minds and
bodies of imprisoned people with drugs and surgery.
We are further demanding that prison officials
comply with all state and federal codes for the mainte-
nance. and hospital care of all imprisoned people. To
further protect prisoners from the cruel and inhuman
treatment of prison officials, we are teaching prisoners
to draw court injunctions against illegal transfers and
punishment, And we ourselves are filing class action suits
against the atrocious medical malpractices to which pris-
oners are subjected; the foul and filthy manner in which
our food is prepared and served, and the continuing
harassment and punishment of union members under
false charges.
The inmates here are struggling, and will continue to
struggle. But our success is dependent on the active
support of the public outside these walls. For without
your active support the frustrations and brutal repres-
sion of prisoners is likely to explode into violence just
like it did at Attica.
Write to:
Rev. Eddie Tucker
Disciplinary Barracks Drawer A
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027
Ht } +
[US NAVAL PRISON, PORTSMOUTH, N.H./]
Hi Brother | | am writing this letter because | am
currently incarcerated at the U.S. Naval Disciplinary
Command in Portsmouth, N.H. 1 was charged with
Article 134 and would like to see it wholly abolished.
Recently | had a chance to talk with a JAG lawyer in
Washington and he stated that even though the U.S.
Circuit Court of Appeals said that Article 134 was un-
constitutional, the U.S. Court of Military Appeals said
that they will not honor the ruling of the lower court. |
just thought that this info might help you out in the
future with the Article 134 question.
Also, if you could maybe print some info to your
readers about how Article 31 rights statements should be
given and when they should be given. | think that Article
31 is one of the most important articles in the UCM]
today. | would appreciate it if you could send my friend
and | your paper since we are both prisoners of the
Armed Forces. Power to the People! M.M.
CHILE:
Your Next
Duty Station
oThese less developed . .
. under developed nations. .
. whatever euphemism you use, if you want to
influence them, you donTt fly over it, you donTt land on it, you put a ship off the coast.�
editor of Jane's Fighting Ships, the authoritative source book on world navies]
[Norm Polmar
Every year in the fall, Operation Unitas guarantees some
American military presence in Latin America. Just because you
snuffies, black boots, airdales and Marines donTt launch a beach
assault or send a Phantom skimming off a carrier deck, doesnTt
mean that youTre not fighting a war. The war youTre fighting is a
cold war. According to the Nixon Doctrine, your presence is all
thatTs required. As Chief of Naval Operations, Elmo oZum-Zum�
Zumwalt puts it, oWe have the mission of manifesting an overseas
presence sufficiently powerful.and visible to make plain to any
possible adversary, as well as to our allies, that any effort to
challenge our vital overseas interests or those of our allies could
bring confrontation with American armed might.�
Last year, for example, Operation Unitas XIII found a group
of ships off the coast of Chile during a very unstable period for
ChileTs socialist government. Without firing a shot, the Nixon
government made it clear that it was ready to act to defend its
interests if necessary. And this year, Operation Unitas XIV found
the USS Vesole, Tatnall, R. K. Turner and Clamagore and a diesel
sub steaming from Ecuador to Chile on the very same day that
the Chilean military attacked the peopleTs government.
It was on September 11 that a right-wing military dictatorship
overthrew the constitutionally elected Popular Unity government
of Chile, headed by Salvador Allende. The people of Chile,
basically unarmed, fought the militaryTs tanks throughout many
parts of Chile. Thousands died, but the struggle continues today
in other forms.
CHILE IN CRISIS
Before the Popular Unity government was elected to power in
September 1970, the Chilean people were living in a country
which was rich enough in resources and people and technical
know-how to provide a good standard of living for all Chileans.
But instead of living comfortably, most Chileans were poor,
hungry, illiterate, and without housing. The wealth of Chile
didnTt belong to them. ChileTs wealth is mostly copper, and the
copper belonged to an American corporation, Anaconda Copper.
Foreign corporations also owned ChileTs forests, iron ore,
nitrates, farm land, banks, and telephone exchange. So those
Chileans who worked for a wage got next to nothing, while those
foreign interests who sold ChileTs resources made billions.
The people of course fought bravely for the right to determine
their own destiny. Miners struck and shut down the mines.
Peasants took their land back from the landowners. The women
marched for food because their families were starving. But the
people didnTt have the power to hold out against the police, the
troops, and the foreign powers.
THE PEOPLE ELECT A SOCIALIST GOVERNMENT
In September 1970, the people of Chile elected a new govern-
ment to power which they hoped would give them the strength to
win. This government was the Popular Unity government, and
stood for a return of the land to those who farmed it, the return
of the wealth of ChileTs industry to those who did the work, and
the return of the wealth of ChileTs copper mines to the Chilean
people. In a nutshell, the Popular Unity government stood for
socialism, power to the people.
BURNING OFF THE LEECHES
THE CHILEAN PEOPLE KICK OUT FOREIGN INTERESTS
Count the number of foreign corporations with investments in
Chile. Read the names: General Motors, International Telephone
& Telegraph (ITT), Bank of America, First National City Bank,
DuPont, Kennecott, Anaconda, Bethlehem, General Tire. On the
average, for every dollar these corporations invest in Chile, they
take .out two dollars. Between 1924 and 1951, for example,
Kennecott Copper invested $2.3 million in the mines, but took
out $324 million worth of copper. As one Chilean miner said,
oThey took the copper but they left us the holes.TT American
corporations were virtual leeches sucking the life blood out of
Chile and its people.
When the Popular Unity government was elected, the people
finally had the power to burn these leeches off their bodies.
Hundreds of factories, banks, mines, utilities, and communica-
tions systems were taken over by the workers. This was one of
the reasons why Chile was a thorn in NixonTs side.
The other reason is that Chile under the leadership of
AllendeTs Popular Unity government was a model for other Latin
American countries. If Chile could throw out foreign interests,
then maybe others could too. CubaTs revolution was the first to
do so in Latin America. Then came the election of a socialist
government in Chile. Nixon and his crew must have been wonder-
ing, ~What next?�
THE U.S. TRIED TO WRECK CHILETS ECONOMY
The U.S. was making Chile a dollar junkie. And after the
elections of September 1970, the U.S. held back its ~~stuffTT,
sending ChileTs economy into deep withdrawals. Almost all for-
eign aid was cut, but dollars kept flowing into the mainline of
ChileTs military. The U.S. sabotaged the world market for copper
by opersuading� other countries not to buy ChileTs copper, and
weakening demand. The U.S. also drove the price of copper down
by flooding the market with its own reserves.
As if this werenTt enough, the U.S. created shortages of all
kinds in Chile by oconvincing� other countries to extend no
credit to Chile; to sell them no goods of any kind. This meant
that trucks sat unrepaired because Chile couldnTt buy parts a-
broad, and didnTt have the machines to make them at home. And
bread had to be rationed because Chile couldnTt buy enough
wheat or flour on the world market. This was the chaotic situa-
tion which led directly to the military takeover on September 11.
If youTre on cruise in South America, write for more informa-
tion about Chile. You can send your questions to: The Bulkhead,
98 Chenery Street, San Francisco, CA 94131.
